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X-ray sky surveyof bright, serendipitous sources
with 2XMMi at the AIP
Speaker: Alexander Kolodzig
Origin: Humboldt-Uni Berlin, Germany
Institute: AIP (Astronomical Institute Potsdam),
Potsdam, Germany
Tutor: Axel Schwope
ESAC Summer Alumni Trainee Meeting 2009
The 2XMMi-Catalog
2XMMi = The incremental second XMM-Newton serendipitous source catalogue
– largest X-ray source catalogue (2009)
4117 XMM-Newton observations (2000 – 2008)
– each field is visually screened
~1.0% sky area covered independently
289083 rows of X-ray detections
221012 unique X-ray sources
300 columns of information per detection21.07.2009 2XMMi-Survey of bright sources at AIP - Alexander Kolodzig 2
• selection conditions (among others):– inspired by Della Ceca et al. (2004)– bright sources:
• SOFT-Band [0.5 - 4.5 keV]– Rate > 0.01 counts/sec Likelihood > 18
• HARD-Band [4.5 -12.0 keV]– Rate > 0.002 counts/sec Likelihood > 12
– serendipitous sources• just point sources• off axis angle ≥ 3 arcmin no center of the observation
field
• just certain Observation Field Classifications21.07.2009 2XMMi-Survey of bright sources at AIP - Alexander Kolodzig 3
source selection
• matching with the catalogs:1. SDSS (Sloan Digital Sky Survey) Data Release 6
2. BSS (XMM-Newton Bright Source Sample, Della Ceca et al. (2004))
– similar survey but of the BSS with 400 sources identified
3. NED (NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database)
4. SIMBAD
– identify possible optical counterparts• add information of:
– optical magnitude– red shift– source type
21.07.2009 2XMMi-Survey of bright sources at AIP - Alexander Kolodzig 4
source matching
21.07.2009 2XMMi-Survey of bright sources at AIP - Alexander Kolodzig 5
SOFT-Band selection
21.07.2009 2XMMi-Survey of bright sources at AIP - Alexander Kolodzig 6
SOFT-Band selection
21.07.2009 2XMMi-Survey of bright sources at AIP - Alexander Kolodzig 7
HARD-Band selection
• 2XMMi-Catalog (in ecliptic coordinates)
21.07.2009 2XMMi-Survey of bright sources at AIP - Alexander Kolodzig 8
X-ray sky map
• SOFT-Band (in ecliptic coordinates)
21.07.2009 2XMMi-Survey of bright sources at AIP - Alexander Kolodzig 9
sky map ofidentified sources
• HARD-Band (in ecliptic coordinates)
21.07.2009 2XMMi-Survey of bright sources at AIP - Alexander Kolodzig 10
sky map ofidentified sources
21.07.2009 2XMMi-Survey of bright sources at AIP - Alexander Kolodzig 11
distribution ofknown source types
21.07.2009 2XMMi-Survey of bright sources at AIP - Alexander Kolodzig 12
distribution ofknown source types
• SOFT-Band (in ecliptic coordinates)
21.07.2009 2XMMi-Survey of bright sources at AIP - Alexander Kolodzig 13
sky map ofknown source types
• HARD-Band (in ecliptic coordinates)
21.07.2009 2XMMi-Survey of bright sources at AIP - Alexander Kolodzig 14
sky map ofknown source types
• ratio: X-ray flux / optical flux
SOFT-Band
HARD-Band
21.07.2009 2XMMi-Survey of bright sources at AIP - Alexander Kolodzig 15
comparison ofstars, galaxies & QSO’s
• optical flux [mag] vs. galactic latitude [deg]
21.07.2009 2XMMi-Survey of bright sources at AIP - Alexander Kolodzig 16
comparison ofstars, galaxies & QSO’s
• optical flux [mag] vs. galactic latitude [deg]
21.07.2009 2XMMi-Survey of bright sources at AIP - Alexander Kolodzig 17
comparison ofstars, galaxies & QSO’s
• optical flux [mag] vs. red shift [log(z)]
21.07.2009 2XMMi-Survey of bright sources at AIP - Alexander Kolodzig 18
comparison ofstars, galaxies & QSO’s
• optical flux [mag] vs. red shift [log(z)]
21.07.2009 2XMMi-Survey of bright sources at AIP - Alexander Kolodzig 19
comparison ofstars, galaxies & QSO’s
– compare optical type and X-ray source• identify of additional or wrong optical counterparts
– development of automatic type-identifying method for X-ray bright sources
– new list of unknown, maybe interesting X-ray sources
characterisation of the X-ray sky
21.07.2009 2XMMi-Survey of bright sources at AIP - Alexander Kolodzig 20
further applications
Backup - Slides
The 2XMMi-Catalog
• 2XMMi-Catalog:– constructed by SSC (XMM-Newton Survey Science Centre)
– serendipitous: found by coincidence
21.07.2009 2XMMi-Survey of bright sources at AIP - Alexander Kolodzig 23
21.07.2009 2XMMi-Survey of bright sources at AIP - Alexander Kolodzig 24
XMM-Newton Observatory
• factsheet :– ESA Satellite, launched 1999– most sensitive X-ray telescope (so far)– 3 independent X-ray cameras (PN, MOS1, MOS2)
• energy range: 0.15 - 15 keV• field of view: 0.5 degree
– 2 X-ray reflection grating spectrometers (RGS) – 1 independent optical/UV monitor (OM)
• simultaneous longtime observations in x-ray and optical
21.07.2009 2XMMi-Survey of bright sources at AIP - Alexander Kolodzig 25
XMM-Newton Observatory
21.07.2009 2XMMi-Survey of bright sources at AIP - Alexander Kolodzig 26
XMM-Newton Observatory
• my tasks:
1. selecting the “bright, serendipitous sources”
2. matching with other catalogs
3. statistics
21.07.2009 2XMMi-Survey of bright sources at AIP - Alexander Kolodzig 27
Task - Overview
• selection-conditions (among others):– serendipitous sources:
• just point sources• Offaxis Angel ≥ 3 arcmin
– no detection from the center of the observation field
• Observation Field Classification:– f = all detections are potential target– n = the target was not detected or in the field
21.07.2009 2XMMi-Survey of bright sources at AIP - Alexander Kolodzig 28
1. Selecting
1. Selecting
• Selection-Conditions:– OBS_CLASS < 4
• Quality classification of the whole observation, <10% has been flagged– EP_EXTENT < 6 arsec
• extent radius of a source detected, < 6" = point-source– M1,M2,PN_SubMode= “FullWindow/ExtentedWindow”– TSERIES = True (has Light-Curve)– SPECTRA = True (has Spectra)– SUM_FLAG = 0
• summary flag of the source is derived from the EPIC flag, 0 = “none of the flags was set”
– M2_OFFAX ≥ 3 arcmin, ≤ 13 arcmin just serendipitous sources
– RATE and Likelihood for each BAND of the M2-Camera• SOFT: >0.01 counts/sec , Likelihood >18• HARD: >0.002 counts/sec , Likelihood >12
– FIELD_CLASS: n,f just serendipitous sources• f - 'field', that is, all detections are potential target• n - the target was not detected or in the field , whole field is serendipitous
21.07.2009 2XMMi-Survey of bright sources at AIP - Alexander Kolodzig 29
1. Selecting
• Data mainly from EPIC MOS2-Camera:– explained by the paper:
http://xmmssc-www.star.le.ac.uk/XID/XMMBSDellaCeca04.pdf
– detector pattern simplifies the analysis of the field• e.g. object source target is fully contained in the central
chip
– it has the best PSF– gaps between the EPIC MOS chips are narrower– sensitivity with the bright sources isn’t important
21.07.2009 2XMMi-Survey of bright sources at AIP - Alexander Kolodzig 30
• Matching:– matching with coordinates (RA & DEC)– error-radius: 3 arcsec
• possible identification of wrong optical counterparts
– Matching-Tool: “STILTS” (script-version of TOPCAT)
– purpose:• identify possible optical counterparts• add Information of:
– optical magnitude– red shift– source type
21.07.2009 2XMMi-Survey of bright sources at AIP - Alexander Kolodzig 31
2. Matching
• matched with the following catalogs:1. SDSS (Sloan Digital Sky Survey) Data Release 6
– 62.435 sources (with known & unknown source types)– pre-matched catalog with 2XMMi
2. BSS (XMM-Newton Bright Source Sample, from SSC)
– 400 sources– similar but smaller survey of 2XMMi
3. NED (NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database)
– 163 million sources (with known & unknown source types)– Data-Extraction difficult
4. SIMBAD– 4.6 million sources
21.07.2009 2XMMi-Survey of bright sources at AIP - Alexander Kolodzig 32
2. Matching
• Plot: normalized with the circle area
21.07.2009 2XMMi-Survey of bright sources at AIP - Alexander Kolodzig 33
3. Statistics offaxis angel distribution
3. Statistics
• Results:Number of Sources
SOFT HARD* Description
933 (0,4%) 217 (0,1%) serendipitous bright sources
468 (50%) 121 (56%) identify sources and known type
128 (14%) 23 (11%) identify sources but unknown type
337 (36%) 73 (34%) unknown sources (so far)
*Hard-Band without “detections” which appear as well in the Soft-Band
21.07.2009 2XMMi-Survey of bright sources at AIP - Alexander Kolodzig 34
3. Statistics
• Results: Number of Det./Src.SOFT HARD Stage3171 1132 Det.: without Field-Class1104 543/234* Det.: total Selection933 473/217* Src.: total Selection0.42% 0.21%/0.10*% from now just source-numbers
? ?* identify with SDSS?(?) ?*(?*) identify with BSS (additional)?(?) ?*(?*) identify with NED (additional)? (?%) ?* (?%) identify sources (known & unknown type)
? (?%) ?* (?%) unknown sources (so far)*Hard-Band without “detections” which appear as well in the Soft-Band
21.07.2009 2XMMi-Survey of bright sources at AIP - Alexander Kolodzig 35
• 2XMMi-Catalog (in ecliptic coordinates)
21.07.2009 2XMMi-Survey of bright sources at AIP - Alexander Kolodzig 36
X-ray sky map
• X-ray flux [log(erg/(cm²s))] vs. red shift [log(z)]
21.07.2009 2XMMi-Survey of bright sources at AIP - Alexander Kolodzig 37
comparison ofstars, galaxies & QSO’s
• red shift [log(z)] vs. galactic latitude [deg]
•
21.07.2009 2XMMi-Survey of bright sources at AIP - Alexander Kolodzig 38
comparison ofstars, galaxies & QSO’s
Overview
1. ?
2. ?
3. ?
21.07.2009 2XMMi-Survey of bright sources at AIP - Alexander Kolodzig 39