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Xie Wenwei The Institute of Exploration Technique 2011 China Mining
Xie Wenwei
The Institute of Exploration Technique
2011 China Mining
1. The current situation of China's drilling market
2. Coring drilling technology and equipment
3. Directional drilling technology
4. Shallow drilling technology and equipment
5. The main development direction of China geological drilling
Content
THE CURRENT SITUATION OF CHINA'S
DRILLING MARKET
Drilling technology is a important technology for
geology and mineral resources exploration.
The geological mineral exploration market drive
the drilling technology development direction.
Rapid increase of drilling for mineral exploration in China
0
5
10
15
20
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010drilling footage（million meters）
Diamond and PDC rotary drilling
Full face drilling with tri-cones and drag bits
DTH drilling
Drilling methods
Core and Sample Drilling method
常规提钻取心
（Conventional Core Drilling）
绳索取心
（Wireline Core Drilling）
反循环取样
（Reversery Circulation）
Direction of Drilling
Technology development
Higher Effiienc
e
Lower Cost
Deep
Drilling Capacit
y
Difficulty
Formation Quality
Of Sample
s
Control Of
Drilling trace
Risk Control
Muti-process
IET, founded in April, 1957, is the first
applied mineral exploration engineering
institute in China. It is subordinate to the
China Geological Survey .
While providing various drilling
technology and drilling equipment for the
national geological investigation, it also
serves the drilling market with its high-
tech drilling products, including drilling
equipment, processes and instruments.
The Institute of Exploration Techniques
Geo-
drilling
Main business
scope of IET
Water
well
drilling
Reverse
circulation
drilling
HDD
drilling
Foundation
drilling
Technical
support
for nationDirectional
drilling and
borehole
mining
2. CORE -DRILLING TECHNIQUE AND EQUIPMEN
2.1 Basic types of core drills
Two catergories Coring(sampling)
drills in general ：
•Spindle type drill with mechanical
drive
•Full-hydraulic operated Top-drive
core drill
Investigation Report of 70 Drilling
contractors in 2009
690 sets ,≥1000m Drills,87.8%.
96 sets,300-1000m ,12.2%.
735 sets, Spindle Drills, 93.5%
51 sets, All-hydraulic Top-drive drill, 6.5%.
• Spindle Drills dominate in China.
• Deep hole drilling accounts for a bigger chunk.
Spindle Drills
XY series spindle drills
CD series spindle drills with Continous drill rod feed
The spindle drills
with the tower
3000-4000m spindle drills
Full hydraulic core drill
The full hydraulic core drill
has finished 300 ~ 2000 m
series development.untill
now.
Sale volume was more
than 500 sets which include
200 sets has been export to
10 countries such as
Australia, Russia etc. .
15
YDX series Full hydraulic core drill
The rapid development of research and
manufacturing capacity on Chinese drilling equipment
was benefit from Drilling demand increased
substantially
Incomplete statistics shows that , in China in 2010:
Consumption of geo-drilling tubes reached
130,000t, including 25,000t wire line coring tubes(2.30
million meters);
Deep hole(＞ 1,000m) spindle type drills ＞2100 sets
（export ＞410 sets）；
Full hydraulic core drills ＞210 sets（export ＞80
sets）.
Manufacturing ability of Drilling equipment
Mechanization of wire line drill rod
handling
Power tong for thin wall tube in oil-gas
drilling is also good for wire-line drilling rod.
a. Drilling Data
collection system
b. Data processing
software
c. In-hole condition
Identification
d. Drilling site data
library management
e. Data share througn
local web at site
f. Remote data
transimission
Intelligent Drilling parameter monitor and remote wireless transmission system
To accommodate the demand on geological
investigation, various new drilling processes and
accessories have been developed. Increasing the drilling
depth and drilling efficiency, and improving core quality.
a. Deep hole wire-line drill rod , deep hole
b. New diamond drill bit technology, high efficiency and
long life
c. Fluid power DTH drilling technology and drilling
tools, high efficiency and improvement of drilling
quality
d. Core drilling in difficult formation-improvement of core
quality
2.2.1 R & D on deep hole wire-line drill rod
XJY-850 high grade steel precise seamless alloy
pipe has been developed, with improved drill rod
structure, connection thread shape and
size, thus, increasing strength and reliability.
The service life increases by 30% to 50%，meeting
the requirement to 2500 m drilling.
More than 20 deep holes (＞2000 m）have been
drilled with deep hole wire-line drill rod.
Yield strength
MPa
Tensile strength
MPa
Elongation%
Resistance to impact energyJ （20℃）
Resistance to impact energyJ （-20℃）
HardnessHRC
1070 1140 14.0 43 41 36.5
1130 1200 18.0 42 37 38.5
Deep hole wire-line drill rod in the drill site(the deepest hole is 2706.68m）
Oriented arrangement of diamond in matrix
2.2.2 Diamond drill bits
Application of imitation technology to the bit designing.
2.2.3 Fluid hammer percussive drilling
In China, a lot of practice proof the Fluid hammer
drilling is an important revolution of conventional
rotary drilling. It can improve drilling
efficiency ,extend footage and drill bit life, reduce
drilling deviation, and greatly reduce auxiliary work
time .
YZX and SYZX series fluid hammers developed by
IET have been widely used. In 2010, fluid hammer
percussive drilling footage is over 500,000 m.
China Continental Scientific Drilling（CCSD）Comparison between various drilling methods
螺杆马达/绳索
0.33
顶驱
0.36
转盘
0.47
顶驱/绳索
0.63
螺杆马达
0.74
顶驱/液动锤/绳索
0.89
螺杆马达/液动锤
1.13
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20 CCSD不同取心钻进方法的机械钻速单位：m/h
CCSD不同取心钻进方法的回次长度
螺杆马达/绳索0.84
顶驱0.73
转盘1.63
顶驱/绳索1.52
螺杆马达2.28
顶驱/液动锤/绳索2.76
螺杆马达/液动锤6.31
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00单位：m
Mechanical penetration rates of various drilling
methods at CCSD
Footage per run of various drilling methods at CCSD
• Simple Structure
• Long Service Life
• Easy Adjsutment
• Working Reliable
YZX series fluid hammers
Model O.D
(mm)Dia. of bit
(mm)
Pump rate
(m3/min)
Pump pressure(MPa)
Frequency
(Hz)
YZX-98 98 110--115 0.15-.035 1.5-4 15-20
YZX89 89 91-100 0.09-0.19 1.5-4 20-40
YZX73 73 75-82 0.09-0.15 3.0-0.8 20-45
YZX54 54 56-60 0.06-0.09 2.0-0.5 20-45
SYZX series Fluid hammer wire-line percussive coring tools
Type
ModelSYZX75 SYZX96 SYZX122
Complete wireline tool S75 S96 S114
O.D （mm） 73 89 114
Dia. of bit（mm） 75.5 95.5 122
Impact stroke（mm） 15-25 20-25 20-30
Free stroke（mm） 5-8 6-10 9-15
Pump rate（L/min） 60-90 90-120 120-190
Pump pressure（MPa） 0.5-2.0 0.8-3.0 1.0-3.0
Length (mm) 4902 5500 5830
Weight (Kg) 75 115 180
Recommended drill fluid Fresh water, emulsified fluid, low-solid mud
2.2.4 Down the hole powered coring drilling technology
It provides high drilling
rate, long run, good recovery, less
wear on drilling string, less
disturbance to the borehole
walls, lower energy consumption.
Two-in-one drilling
tool:(PDM, Fluid hammer and
swivel-type double-tube core
barrel)
Three-in-one drilling
tool:(PDM, Fluid hammer and wire-
line coring)
金刚石钻头
Single bit + double tube type, for poor cemented formation
Single bit + triple tube type, for formation with well filled fractures
Dual bit + triple tube type, for loose formation
2.2.5 Improve coring quality
Split core barrel for broken formation
In WFSD-1~3 drilling opertataion
the core recover ＞90%.
It can keep the in-situ condition
of the core very well, providing
high quality specimens for geo-
investigation.
R & D has been carried out on professional in-hole
incident treatment tools through exploiting oil
drilling incident treatment technology, promoting
establishment of professional incident treatment
services.
2.2.6 In-hole incident treatment
3. Directional drilling
3.1 Directional drilling for well intersection
Directional drilling for well intersection is a special
drilling technique based on controlled directional
drilling and horizontal drilling with PDM. With the
technique, two wells with surface distance of hundreds
of meters are connected underground to carry out
solution mining with boreholes.
3.2 High precision magnetic ranging system for target landing
Use of high precision magnetic ranging system for well intersection in Turkey
A total of 18 pairs of wells have been connected with the system in Turkey and China.
3.3 Directional core drilling technique
Diagram of directional core drilling
Combining directional drilling, wire line
core drilling and MWD together,.
It can takes cores along the build
section of the directional drilled hole
with the wire-line system.
It is on operating-cycle.
The future research is aimed to extend the service life
of the core drilling tool, increase the core diameter
and improve cover recovery.
4. SHALLOW DEPTH SAMPLING
TECHNIQUE AND EQUIPMENT
In order to meet the requirement of geo-
chemical ,mapping, and geo –physical
seismic prospecting, research has been
carried for geo-exploration techniques on
land, offshore and beaches. A lots of high
efficient drilling equipment and drilling
techniques have been developed.
4.1 Shallow sampling drillTGQ series（ 1—75m mechanical ）& DR
series （5-150m， hydraulic drive ）.
New drilling machine can be widely
used in geological survey，geochemical
exploration，geophysical exploration.
TGQ-1 TGQ-5 TGQ-10 TGQ-30 TGQ-75
DR drill in reverse circulation exploration
demonstration, average footage is 3451 m per
month , the highest footage is 4400 m per mouth, 4-
7 times the common core drilling.
For Tibet Ali salt lake and
shallow water and tidal
flats investigation and
scientific
exploration , developed
amphibian caterpillar salt
lake & intertidal zone
drilling rigs。
Both of them has been
successfully used.
4.2 Amphibious drills for exploration in salt-lake and intertidal zone
4.3 Seismic blast-hole fast drilling technology in complex formation
Develop the wire-line DTH hammer drilling
technology. Land In the explosives package through
drill pipe, can be used in the desert and gravel
unstable formation drilling.
• SDR-100 Sonic
Drilling rig
Power ：132kW/2000RPM
Pull force：62kN
Vibration frequency ：200Hz
Vibration force ：140kN
Rotate speed ：0-250RPM
Torque ：2000N.m
Dimensions ：3200×2200×2400mm
4.4 Sonic Drilling
5.The main development direction in China geological drilling
•3500-5000m drilling
•3500-5000m drill rig
•Deep hole wire-line drill pipe
•Down the deep hole powered drilling technology
•Complex formation coring and incident treatment technique
•Directional drilling in slim hole
•The reverse circulation equipment and process application
•Hydraulic water-well drilling equipment and Air drilling
technology application
•Research on automation and mechanization technology of
drilling equipment
•Scientific Ultra-deep well drilling technology researching
Thanks！
Xie Wenwei
The Institute of Exploration Technique
http://www.cniet.com
Mobil phone :+86 137 0036 8287
E-mail：[email protected]
