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vemSvidobebiT XIX saukunes

daviT kldiaSvili da akaki wereTeli

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`rasac vwerdi, mxolod adamianis siyvaruli mawerinebda!~

daviT kldiaSvili

`daviT kldiaSvili didi humanistia, ara marto im azriT, rom mas adamiani uyvars misi naklisa da simaxinjis miuxedavad, aramed im azri­Tac, rom mas adamianobis idea yvelaze amaRlebul idead miaCnia...

daviT kldiaSvilis nawerebSi momavali Taobebi ipovnian ara marto SeubRalav esTetikur siamovnebas, aramed uxv wyarosac mecxramete sau­kunis meore naxevris saqarTvelos gasacnobad. am realisti mxatvris Semoqmedeba saqarTvelos erTi udidesi provinciis sazogadoebas asa­xavs revoluciis wina periodSi; magram is provinciis mematiane araa, rasakvirvelia. rogorc yvela WeSmariti xelovanis Semoqmedeba, da­viT kldiaSvilis Semoqmedebac scildeba epoqisa da teritoriis viw­ro farglebs, igi Rrmad nacionaluria da rogorc yoveli naciona­luri xelovneba, zogadad adamianuric... amaSia daviT kldiaSvilis siZliere, rom man konkretul cxovrebis pirobebSi dainaxa ara marto is, rac droebiTi da swrafwarmavalia, aramed isic, rac yoveli kul­turuli epoqis adamianisaTvis maxlobeli da gasagebia; man mogvca... WeSmaritad realisturi portretebi, romelTa saRebavebi didxans ar gaxundeba _ `Semodgomis aznaurebis~ ukanaskneli warmomadgenlebis gaqrobis Semdegac.~

geronti qiqoZe

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daviT kldiaSvili

(1862-1931)

daviT kldiaSvili daibada 1862 wels 11 se­qtembers qvemo imereTis sofel simoneTSi. simon­eTsa da xomulSi (deduleTi) gaatara man Tavisi uzrunveli, xalisiani bavSvoba. Svidi wlis daviTi mSoblebma saswavleblad quTaisis gzas gauyenes, ori wlis Semdeg ki, sxva qarTvel bavSvebTan er­Tad, igi kievis samxedro gimnaziaSi gaagzavnes.

sami wlis Semdeg saqarTveloSi ardadege­bze dabrunebulma daviTma aRmoaCina, rom mSob­liuri ena mTlad daviwyeboda. dedasTan da ax­loblebTan saubrisas Tarjimnobas mas biZaSvili uwevda. ardadegebis dros daviTma safuZvlianad gaixsena qarTuli da saswavlebelSi dabrunebisas

sakiTxavad qarTuli wignebi waiRo. 1880 wels daviT kldiaSvili swavlas moskovis samxedro saswavleb­

elSi agrZelebs, romlis dasrulebis Semdegac oficris mundirSi gamow­yobili brundeba saqarTveloSi, kerZod ki, baTumSi _ saqarTvelosTan axlad SemoerTebul aWaraSi. aq igi mwerlebis, msaxiobebisa da sazogado moRvaweebis wreSi trialebs.

ruseTis armiis oficeri gulmodgined emsaxureba qarTul saqmes. misi iniciativiT ewyoba `ninoobis~ saxalxo dResaswauli, misive Taosno­biT iqmneba baTumis qarTuli Teatri.

qarTuli saqmis moamage mwerali gambedaobiTac gamoirCeoda, man duelSi gamoiwvia rusuli gazeTis redaqtori, romelmac qarTvelebis Seuracxmyofeli werili dabeWda. amas isic daerTo, rom muSaTa mRelva­rebis dros daviT kldiaSvilma uari Tqva masobriv daxvretebSi monawi­leobis miRebaze da farulad daexmara maT. mefis mTavrobam `urCi ofi­ceri~ samsaxuridan daiTxova. man polkovnikis samxreebi moixsna da sacxovreblad quTaisSi gadavida, sadac kvlav aqtiur sazogadoebriv moRvaweobas Seudga.

1914 wels, pirveli msoflio omis dawyebisTanave, mwerali frontze gaiwvies, magram mZimed daavadda da samxedro samsaxuridan samudamod gaaTavisufles.

1918 wlis Semdeg dasneulebuli mwerali meuRlesTan erTad mSob­liur simoneTSi cxovrobda da iqve gardaicvala 1931 wlis 24 aprils. misi neSti mTawmindaze ganisvenebs.

nawerebidan mxolod is rCeba, rac adamianisadmi siyvaruliT aris savseo, _ uTqvams erTxel mwerals Tavisi vaJisaTvis.

adamianis siyvaruliT gamTbari moTxrobebiT Semovida da damkvid­rda daviT kldiaSvili qarTul literaturaSi.

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movemzadoT teqstis wasakiTxad

daviT kldiaSvilis prozis mxatvruli Tavisebureba

waikiTxeT amonaridi daviT kldiaSvilis Semoqmedebis mkvlevris beJan bardaveliZis wignidan: `daviT kldiaSvilis mxatvruli proza~ da daakvirdiT, mwerlis prozis ra Taviseburebebze amaxvilebs yuradRebas avtori.

`daviT kldiaSvili ara marto Tavisi miwieri cxovrebiT, aramed Semo­qmedebiTi tendenciebiTac niSansvetad dgas ori epoqis _ me­19 da me­20 saukuneebis _ qarTuli kulturis gasayarTan.

agrZelebda ra realisturi mwerlobis tradiciebs, daviT kldiaS­vilma SeZlo Tvisebrivad gardaeqmna qarTuli prozis mxatvruli asax­vis sistema: socialuri moTxrobis gverdiT Seqmna maRalmxatvruli fsiqologiuri moTxroba; istoriuli warsulis romantikul ideal­izacias daupirispira realisturi istorizmis principi; SeZlo proza­Si tragikul­dramatulisa da komikuris Tanazomieri Sezaveba; dakum­Sa avtoriseuli aRwerilobiT­TxrobiTi elementi, gandevna prozidan tradiciuli lirizmi, rac gamoixateboda mTxrobelis emociuri CareviT nawarmoebis siuJetSi da daamkvidra mxatvruli asaxvis obieqtivisturi stili; Seitana prozaSi dramaturgiuli xerxebi; minimumde daiyvana dam­kvidrebuli poeturi figurebi: peizaJi, portreti, Sedareba­metafore­bi...

daviT kldiaSvilis TiToeuli moTxroba cxovrebis mxolod erT mo­ments, erT nawils, xSirad erT suraTs asaxavs, magram arsebiTad es aris erTi wigni, romlis mTavari gmiria gaRatakebuli aznauri, visac yvelaze moxdenilad miesadaga TviT kldiaSvilis moTxrobidan gavrcelebuli gamoTqma _ `Semodgomis aznauri~.

mwerali mTlianad amofarebulia personaJebs... tradiciuli epiuri avtori­mTxrobeli, romelmac yvelaferi icis personaJTa bedis, maTi Semdgomi saqcielis, maTi momavlis Sesaxeb, daviT kldiaSvilis moTxro­bebSi ar gvxvdeba... gmirebi mkiTxvelis Tvalwin laparakoben, moqmedeben, xolo rogorc ki Tavis saqmes morCebian, mwerali dauyovnebliv tovebs maT. amitom dialogi, rogorc moqmedebis sityvieri forma, da sakuTriv moqmedeba daviT kldiaSvilis mxatvruli stilis ZiriTadi formaa~.

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siuJetis gaSlis universaluri xerxida `samaniSvilis dedinacvali~

`ama Tu im ideisa Tu Canafiqris gamosaxatavad, siuJetis gasaSle­lad da saxeTa Camosayalibeblad adamianis mxatvrul Semoqmedebas erTi nacadi da universaluri gza aqvs SerCeuli: es aris gmiris dapirispire­ba gareSe samyarosTan, misi ocnebisa da survilebis an Segnebis dajaxe­ba sinamdvilesTan. msoflio literaturis praqtikaSi es gza sxvada sxva formas iRebs. magram misi yvelaze ufro gavrcelebuli da uZvelesi saxe aris gmiris mogzauroba erTi adgilidan Tu qveynidan meoreSi raime dasaxuli miznis Sesasruleblad. es xerxi iseTive Zvelia, rogorc Tvi­Ton Semoqmedeba. misi saTave ikargeba xalxur zepirsityvierebaSi _ zRap rebSi, TqmulebebSi. ueWvelia, literaturaSic igi aqedan aris Semo­suli garkveuli kompoziciuri xerxis saxiT.

`odiseadan~ dawyebuli vidre Cvens dromde CamoTvlac ki Znelia im ganumeorebeli, ukvdavi qmnilebebisa, romlebic am kompoziciis princi­pebze arian agebulni. amnairma kompoziciam, Cvengan arc ise daSorebul droSi, klasikuri gamoxatuleba hpova servantesis `don kixotSi~.

uaxles qarTul literaturaSi ise brwyinvaled aravis gamouye­nebia es kompoziciuri xerxi, rogorc kldiaSvilma gamoiyena igi Tavis `samaniSvilis dedinacvalSi~...~

leo qiaCeli

samaniSvilis dedinacvali

Ibekina samaniSvili, rasakvirve­

lia, Raribi aznauri iyo, gvariani Raribic. aba, ra simdidres moaswaveb­da is ocdaaTi uremi simindi, ormoci Cafi Rvino da aTiode baTmani1 lo­bio, mis mamuls rom Semohqonda da riTac Tavs irCenda wlidan­wlamdis bekinas ojaxi. magram bekinas ki Ta­visi Tavi mdidrebSi moHhqonda da vin

iqneboda, rom Tavis siRaribeze erTi sityva wamoecdevinebina bekinasT­vis? rogorc imereTSi amboben, er­Tob gadapranWuli iyo Cveni bekina.

roca SinaurobaSiac laparaks ga abamda bekina Tavis gamoule vel sarCoze, Ronier lukmaze, misi erTa­derTi colSviliani vaJiSvili pla­toni, Tumca trabaxobad miaCnda mox­

1. baTmani – marcvleulis sawyao.

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ucebuli mamis aseTi sityva, mainc aras eub neboda sawinaaRmdegos da mxolod pirjvris gamosaxviT ityo­da xolme:

– amazedac gmadlob, ufalo! ama­zedac gmadlob, ufalo!

am wamoZaxiliT platoni Tavis gu­liTad madlobas ucxadebda zecier mamas, rom Semcilebeli aravin gauCi­na mas Rarib lukmaSi. Tavis cotaze­dac kmayofili, am Tavis mcirediTac bednieri, igi gulmodginebiT urt­yamda Toxs miwas da ojaxSi sruli kmayofileba sufevda.

Tu ram sawyenad hqonda am ojaxs, es iyo platonis colis, melanos xSi­ri Svilosnoba. yovel saojaxo saqme­Si marjve melanom SvilosnobaSiac

ar daagdo Tavisi simarjve da sul mokle xanSi oTxi Svili SesZina ojaxs. xSirad uxumria amaze rZlisaTvis bekinas da uTqvams RimiliT:

– Se qalo, zog saqmeSi si­marjve margebeli ki ara, ma­vnebelicaa... e Seni qmari Se­ibrale, SEe kargo qalo! – da amasTan bekina gulianad ga da­ixarxarebda xolme. – arafe­ria... SiSs gulSi nu SeuSob... RmerTi mowyalea, Tavis gaCe­nils umowyalod ar daagdebs, venacvale mis Zlierebas, yo­rifeli1 misi nebaa. albaT, surs, rom samaniSvilebi moam­ravlos. masac qveynad mxo­lod rCeulebi unda rom hya v­des! xa, xa, xa!..

arc platons hqonda sasia­movnod, rasakvirvelia, bev­ri Svili, magram ras izamda,

mxolod Tavs gaaqnevda, ro ca maT Tvals gadaavlebda xolme.

am garemoebis garda sxvebr2 swo­red bednierad sTvlidnen samaniSvi­lebi TavianT Tavs. droebam ise moi­tana, rom maTi mcire qonebac ki simdi­dred iTvleboda da mis mqonebels ara Tu akmayofilebda, aramed bednierad agrZnobinebda TavisTavs da madlo­bas warmoaTqmevinebda uflisadmi.

ra SesaSurebeli unda yofiliyo ase cotaze damyarebuli kmayofile­ba da bedniereba?! ra saxarbielo unda yofiliyo kacis mouTxovnelo­biT mopovebuli gulis simSvide?! ma­gram bedniereba, ragvaric unda iyos, vis SerCenia bolomdis, rom samaniS­

kadri filmidan `samaniSvilis dedinacvali.~ reJisori e. SengelAaia,

bekina – msaxiobi v. kaxniaSvili

1. yorifeli – yvelaferi.2. sxvebr – sxvanairad, sxva kuTxiT.

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vilisas fexi moedga mWidrod? an ki ra safiqrebeli iyo, rom ase cotaTi Semotyuebuli bedniereba, isev cota mizeziTve xelidan ar gamoeclebo­daT, sust safuZvelze damyarebuli kmayofileba ar moespobodaT!.. ube­durebis dasawyisad bedma mouspo dRe sawyal marikas, bekinas cols.

dedis sikvdili TavisTavadac mwa re iyo SvilisaTvis, rom sxvafri­vac samwuxaro ar yofiliyo. bekina me tad Warmagi1 moxucebuli iyo da amis gamo saSiSari iyo, ucnauri sur­vili meore colis SerTvisa gulSi ar gavleboda. dedinacvlis danaxvis SiSi da dedinacvalTan `Tan­momyo­lisa~ Tavzarsa scemda aqamdis gul­damSvidebiT mcxovrebel aznaurs. ai, maSin iqneboda swored `Zma ZmisT­viso – Savi dRisTviso~.

colmac da qmarmac gaaorkeces moxucebuli mamis pativiscema da movla; oriveni gafacicebiT Tavs dastrialebdnen daqvrivebul beki­nas da TavgamodebiT emsaxurebod­nen, TvalSi Sehyurebdnen, rom yov­el mis survilsa da sawadels misgan gamoTqmamdis mimxvdariyvnen da im­wamsve aesrulebinaT. erTi sityviT, platonic da melanoc dRedaRam imis mecadineobaSi2 iyvnen, rom moxu­cebulis guli moegoT da TavianTi Tavi SeeyvarebinaT, rac SeiZleboda, metad. amaSi kidevac miaRwies Tavis wadils. bekina didad afasebda rZal­Svilisagan yuradRebas, metad mad­lieri iyo maTi da gulaCvilebuli, kidevac ityoda xolme maTTanac da

sxvebTanac:– eh, erTi Cems marikasac das­

cloda amisTana yofna, amaTTana3 RvTisni eri Svilebis mzera! hei, hei! – Tan amoioxrebda xolme am sit­yvebTan erTad bekina.

amis gamgon col­qmars imedi eZ­leoda, rom bekina metad daSorebu­li unda yofiliyo raime maT sawyen saqciels da bolos kidec sruli­ad guli daimSvides. magram bekinas am kmayofilebasa da gancxromaSi, Svilebis siyvarulTan erTad, sxv a­dasxvanairi natvrac gulSi epare­boda da droTa ganmavlobaSi ejine­boda4... im sasiamovno mdgomareobaSi, mas rom eRirsa, ufro siamovnebiT, ufro tkbilad igrZnobda TavisTavs, Tavisi Sesaferisi amxanagic rom hyo­loda vinme... ase fiqrobda gunebaSi bekina da es azri, Semdeg survilad gadaqceuli, bolos aucilebel wa­dilad gadaeqca; mis gunebaSi5, ase rom moagvaros, bednierTa ubed­nieresi kaci iqneboda. misi azriT, eg misi wadili mis mosiyvarule Svilebs arc ki unda swyenodaT.

– gana Cems kargad yofnaze ar meca­dineoben?! rasakvirvelia, ar ewyine­baT! – ajerebda TavisTavs bekina. – an ki raze unda ewyinoT?.. cudi mama viyavi maTTvis Tu?.. sacxovrebeli ara aqvT Cemgan Cabarebuli Tu? sul maT xom ver Sevwirav Cems Tavs, Tum­ca, RmerTia mowame, rarigad mageni me miyvaran?.. arc ewyinebaT, ara... ar SeiZleba, rom ewyinoT!.. me rom imaT vuyvarvar!..

1. Warmagi – xanSiSesuli vaJkacuri ieris mqone (mamakaci).2. mecadineoba – aq: mcdeloba.3. amaTTana – amaTi msgavsi, aseTi.4. ejineboda – aq: eZaleboda.5. mis gunebaSi – aq: misi azriT.

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ase fiqrobda bekina da imiT gaaTa­ va, rom erT dRes kaci miugzavna Svils da gamoucxada Tavisi survili colis Txovisa.

advili warmosadgenia, rarigad moxvdeboda platonis guls amis ga­goneba.

– mRupav, mama? – mivida igi beki­nasTan. – mRupav? danas miyri yel­Si?.. ratom mimeteb, Seni Wirime?! – Zlivs warmosTqva platonma da, xmaCawyvetilma, unugeSod xelebi gaSala.

– gRupav?! raTa, Svilo, raTa?.. SenisTana Svili unda daRupos ma­mam?!

– aba raa?.. – da isev sityva gauSra platons.

– kargi, Tu giyvarde, kargi! – mxi­arulad SesZaxa bekinam. – SEe kargo kaco, me erTi bebruxana movaTrio, Sen ratom unda daiRupo, Svilo?! ra dagRupavs, Tu giyvarde?

– Svili geyoleba...– xa, xa, xa! – gadaixarxara bekinam

da sityva gaawyvetina platons. – Svi­li geyolebao... xa, xa, xa!.. raRa dros Cemi Svilia, Se kaco!.. xa, xa, xa!

– mama... SeEn nu momikvdebi, sikvdi­lis msgavs saqmes mipireb!..

– erTi Sen! dajinebulad1 lapara­kob dRes, platon!.. dedaberma rava unda SegaSinos, SEe glaxako? ase ra­tom unda Sewuxde?!. eg Seni SiSi, ma­maSvilobam, sruliad usafuZvloa... rame gevnebaT ki ara, Tu damijereb, sasargebloc iqneba; sawyal melanos cota SeRavaTi mainc miecema, Tvara aRaraa qali!.. uWirs erT adamians,

Teli2 ojaxi kiserze awevs!..– batono, melanos jafas ras dee­

Zeb, Sen nu...– ratom ras deveZeb?! – gaawyveti­

na sityva bekinam. – ratom ar deve­Zeb... isic Svili araa Cemi?

– batono, Sen sxvebr Segvibrale da Cvens jafas nu kiTxulob, nu dar­dob... RmerTs jafisaTvis vyavarT ga­Cenili!.. – eubneboda platoni. – mama, Seni Wirime, gadaTqvi colis Txova da ra ginda Cemgan!..

– nu xar jiniani3, Svilo!.. – Seu­tia bekinam. – marto Sens Tavze ki ar unda ifiqro adamianma!

platons ewyina es ukanaskneli si­tyva mamisagan da kuStad uTxra:

– batono, droc ki aRaraa Seni colis Txovis!

bekinam qoriviT gadaxeda Svils da welSi gaimarTa.

– eriha! – SesZaxa man, – eriha, ra davardnili me mnaxe?! TqvenisTana axalgazrdebs kidev erT aTs erTad vajobeb janiTac, simrTeliTac, SEe­xedulebiTac da vaJkacobiTac!.. ara,Svilo, magi sul tyvilia, sul tyvi­lia!.. raSi Sematyve daZabuneba!.. hm!.. – da bekinam marjvena xeliT Seib­ertya Tavisi grZeli, gaWaRaravebu­li wveri da mere TavmowonebiT gadi­grixa lamazi ulvaSebi. – ara, Svilo! – miuaxlovda bekina Svils da mxarze xeli daado. – ara, Svilo, magisTa­na laparaks Tavi daanebe... RmerTma ise Cemi suli Seiyvaros, ravarc me Tqven miyvardeT da man icodes, Tu me TqvenTvis cudi rame gulSi medos... arc ifiqroT, rom CemgniT Tqven,

1. dajinebuli – gajiutebuli. 2. Teli – mTeli.3. jiniani – jiuti.

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rame danaklisi ki ara, ubralo wye­nac SegxvdeT!.. magram nurc Tqven gajindebiT, Svilebo!.. RmerTma icis da yvelac xedavs, rom ara giWirT­ra: miwac sakmaod gaqvT, Tu sxvaze meti ara. wyalic, saxlic, karic... tyec da velic!.. ( es ki meti wamoscda bekinas – tye sruliad ara hqonebia). samwuxaro ra gaqvT?! RmerTi ufro met mowyalebas mogcemsT, ufro gi­winamZRvrebT, Tu mec momxedavT, SeminaxavT da Cemi ukanaskneli dRee­bis gamwarebas ar indomebT... ra vqna, Svilo, mec kaci var, mec adamiani var!.. myoleboda dedaSeni cocxa­li, hei, Svilo, CemisTana bednieri qveyanaze kaci ar iqneboda!.. magram ras izam... ufalma ase ineba da dRes nu amitydebiT, nu ameSlebiT. Tqven rom kargebi xarT, sxvas, gareSes nu aTqmevinebT, moxucebuli mama Sea­wuxeso... ise momeqeciT, rogorc qe xarT, kai, mSoblis mosiyvarule

Svilebi... RmerTi dagifasebT da amisaTvis kidec dagajildovebT, yovel gansacdels agaridebT!.. kar­gis – RmerTic kargi mwyalobelia, Svilo!.. nu mewinaaRmdegebi! gar­wmuneb, patiosan sityvas gaZlev, Tqven araferi dagiSavdeT, ar wagix­deT. erTi xnieri dedakaci me saxlSi Semoviyvano... cota xans vicxovrebT tkbilad, siamovnebiT erTad da me­re RmerTma keTilad mogaxmaroT es ojaxic, es saxlic, es karic... yvelaferi, rac ram gagvaCnia, Svilo.

– batono, Svili rom geyolos, Svili... maSin? – daatana platonma.

– Sen dRes kaci ver gelaparakeba, Svilo, mxari isTe gaqvs moqceuli! – wyeniT uTxra bekinam... – Tu kacis sityvas ar gaigoneb, aba raRa mogi­xerxo?! meti dajereba me ar SemiZlia da RmerTma mSvidoba mogces! jiniani kaci gareSec sasiamovno araa, Tvara Svili ra?!

IIver gadaaTqmevina platonma beki­

nas misi survili da aman metad aum­Rvria guli. sxvac miugzavna mamas amis Taobaze, magram bekina gajiute­baSi arTmevda Svils mis saqciels da ar iSlida Tavis ganzraxulebas. Tvi­Ton darwmunebuli iyo da yvelas ar­wmunebda, rom misgan dedakacs Svili ar miecemoda, rom RmerTi mis mosiy­varule Svilebs ara Tu daaklebda rasme, SeEmatebda kidec usaTuod. platoni am Sematebaze Zalian uars ambobda, oRond ki Tavisi, rac xel­Si eWira, mtkiced hkaveboda; magram bekina Tavisas imeorebda da Seuryev­lad idga Tavis sityvaze.

erTi sityviT, am mxriv saqme wage­buli iyo gamoubruneblad. saWiro iyo iseTi ram xerxis xmareba, rom

bekinas gulis wadilis asrulebas­Tan, platoni imedianad yofiliyo, rom Tavis miwis oriode nafleTi ukleblad SerCenoda da dResac mis gasaZRomad Zlivs sakmarisi lukma orad ar gahyofoda.

– deviRupe... wmindad deviRupe! – iZaxoda platoni. – wmindad deviR­upe, Tu rame ar visaSvele, rame ar vi­Rone!..

gamwarebuli ymawvili kacis gul­Si cecxli trialebda, misi tvini wisqvilis borbaliviT mousvenrad brunavda, rom rame xerxi moegona, `Zmurad~ ar gahyofoda misi `simdid­re~, rom axlandel mwir lukmaze SeCveul kuWs ufro damcirebul lukmaze SeCveva ar dasWirveboda.

– ifiqre, qalo, ifiqre, egeb Senc

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moigono rame... e oxeri Tavi aRar muSaobs!.. bru mesxmis mxolod... – gamwarebiT etyoda xolme platoni cols.

– me ra unda movigono, ra unda girCio?! – mowyeniT miugebda qmars melano.

– ra movigono?!. hm!.. sxvas ras geigonebs Tqvengan kaci! – gulmosu­li wailaparakebda platoni da isev Tavis fiqrebSi gaexveoda gayuCebu­li.

qarTuli andazaa: gaWirveba maC­vene da gaqcevas ganaxvebo. platon samaniSvili qarTveli kaci iyo da amasTan aznauri.

– mama! – mivida ramdenime dRis Semdeg igi bekinasTan – mama, raki ine­be colis SerTva da aRar iSli, neba Senia, awi raRa meTqmis... Seni nebaa... magram erTi saTxovari maqvs da amaze ar gamawbileb, imedia... uars ar me­tyvi!

platons etyoboda, rom winandel cud gunebaze aRar iyo.

– ra iyo, Svilo?.. erTis magier ori miTxari!

– momande eg saqme me... me amogir­Cev qals!

bekina gakvirvebiT miaCerda Svils.

– RmerTmani... maSvals1 Tavi daa­nebe da saSeno qals me moginaxav! Sen nu momikvdebi!

– Se kaco, uwin Tavs iklavdi, ne­bas ar maZlevdi da axla maSvlaTac ki midgebi! – RimiliT mimarTa bekinam Svils da undoblad dauwyo cqera. – ras mivaweroT axla eg, platon?.. – gaicina bekinam.

– ras unda miaweroT?!

– mainc, mainc!.. mamaSvilobas, gamagebie, Tu giyvarde! – CacivebiT uTxra dainteresebulma bekinam.

– batono, Tqveni gulis wadili xom agisruldebaT da!

– ki, mara mainc!.. mamaSvilobas, miTxari! ha! Sens col­Svils ga fi­ceb!.. ra moigone axla Sen?

– araferi, Sen ar momikvde, imis­Tana, rom Seni sawyeni iqnes...

– ho!– QALqals moginaxav imisTanas, rom

arc Seni dasawunebli iqneba da arc CemTvis saSiSari...

– ho, ho! – aCqarebda gaxalisebu­li bekina. – ho!

– axalgazrda ymawvili qali, ra­sakvirvelia, Seni saqme araa.

– rasakvirvelia, mara arc ukbilo dedaberi ivargebs, Se kaco! – gaicina bekinam.

– ukbilo dedaberi vis rad unda! ase, xnieri dedakaci rom iqnes... mara iseTi, aravin dagvcinos...

– ho, ho! – eTanxmeboda bekina.– qvrivi...– magasac ara uWirs ra!..– qvrivi... ornaqmarebi!am ukanasknel sityvaze platonic

SeCerda, mamas Sexeda da bekinac mi­aSterda gakvirvebiT Svils.

– ho, ornaqmarebi!.. gaimeora si­tyva gagrZelebiT platonma. – ra un da uWirdes?.. Sen ar momikvde, araferi!

– ras cuRlutob, Se kai kaco?! – Tvali TvalSi gauyara bekinam. – ras cuRlutob, vaJbatono?

– Sen ar momikvde, SenTan me ar vcuRlutobde da arc gatyuebde... Sen sruliad wagebuli ar iqnebi, de­

1. maSvali – maWankali, Suamavali dasaqorwinebeli vaJisa da qalis ojaxebs Soris.

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dis suli ar wamiwydes!.. is ki ara, mogebuli darCebi... me mxvdeba meti Sroma, Tvara Sen qec damimadli me­re!.. giameba, batono, axla rom Senma colma bavSvis WyviriliT gamogi­Weqos yurebi?

– eh... Sen kidev Sensas mohyvebi!..– vin icis, batono, vin icis! is

ar jobia, rom ufro daimedebulad iqneba adamiani?!

– ornaqmarebi dedakaci raRa ime­dia?

– ra imedia da ai, mogaxseneb... Sen coli ginda. me ki minda, rom mamulis gamyofeli ar deinaxos Cemma Tva­lebma... TviTon ambob, ymawvili qali ar mindao... moginaxav swored rigian qals, rom veravin dagvcinos, Sen nu momikvdebi. ornaqmarebs imitom geubnebi, rom qvrivebSi amovarCev, gamovnaxav imisTanas, rom or qmars hyolodes da arc erTTan Svili ar micemodes... orive qmris xelSi rom uSvilo darCeniliyos... amisTana de­dakaci swored saimedo iqneba Svi­lis uyolobaze... Tu or qmarTan Svi­li ar micemia, SenTan raRa RmerTi gauwyreba... amrigad, SeEnc mosveneb­uli iqnebi, mec imedianad viqnebi da vicxovrebT ise, ravarc gvicxovria... am Cvens wuTisofels Cvens wesze amgvaradve gavatarebT da Cvens merme rac iqneba, is RmerTma icis da Cvenma momavalma!.. esaa Cemi Txovna... Sen araferi gakldeba da CemTvis ki ise­Ti saqme iqneba, Tugind Cemi mamulis naxevari xelaxla SemeZinos... mainc amiT Tu SevinarCuneb, Tvara sxva ra Zala maqvs, ra Rone Semwevs? amitom gTxov, momando eg saqme, maSvals Tavi daanebo... Sroma me SEemxvdeba, marTa­

lia, mara rava deveridebi?! uxeiro qals ar Semoviyvan ojaxSi, amaSi pa­tiosan sityvas gaZlev!

bekinam acala Svils eTqva Tavisi saTqmeli da yuradRebiT moismina misi sityva. mas axla kidevac ecine­boda platonis nalaparakevze da uk­virda, es ra moigona am kacmao. Svi­lis Txovnaze kidevac Tanaxma gaxda bolos, Tumca esec ki daatana:

– neba Seni iyos, platon Cemo, ma­gram axla Sen miCqari sikvdils, Svi­lo, da es aris! – siciliT uTxra man.

– rava, batono?– i wyeulma mec rom gamayolos

winandelebs, ras mipireb maSin? a?.. xa, xa, xa! avi sandobia magisTana mTva­reze dabadebuli dedakaci!..

– SenisTana Ronier adamians is ve­rafers gizams. Sen ar momikvde!..

– kargi, kargi, Svilo! – iama beki­nas Svilis sityva. – kargia, Svilo... ase qeni, mara saqmes Sors nu gadadeb, Tvara...

– ara, batono, am dReebSive Se­vudgebi... raRaze gavaWianuro... saq­nari1 moleuli jobia!..

– ho, ho, rasakvirvelia, rasak­virvelia!.. mara gaxsovdes, Svilo, uxeiro vinmes ar Semyaro... Torem sircxvils gaWmev, platon, migitoveb qals da sxvas me TviTon amovirCev!.. mamaSvilobas geficebi! – RimiliT uTxra bekinam.

– batono, mag ra sakadrisia! ra­tom vizam mag saqmes?.. – miugo pla­tonma. – amaze metad ar gjeraT Cemi?!

– ho da aba he!.. aba he!.. awi Sen ici, me Tanaxma var... oRond ar daagviano, esec gaxsovdes!.. met raRas momTxov kidev, Svilo, – yvelaferi Sens neba­

1. saqnari – gasakeTebeli.

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zedaa da eg aris!.. awi mainc verafer­Si misayvedureb, Svilo!

sasayveduro ki hqonda platons, magram ra gamovidoda masze sityvis ganaxlebiT?! isic kargi iyo misT­vis, rom mama am ukanasknel Txovnaze daiyolia da amiT imedi eZleoda, gansacdeli Tavidan aecilebina. axla saWiro iyo mxolod nafiqri saqmis asruleba; saWiro iyo moenaxa misi mxsneli ornaqmarevi, uSvilo qali, rom qmrebTan sam­sami weliwadi mainc namyofi yofiliyo, rom arc be­beri yofiliyo maincdamainc da arc maxinji; gansakuTrebiT uSvilobaze saimedo yofiliyo.

saqme arc ise advili iyo, rom ucbad Tavi mobmoda da amitomac pla­toni imdResve Seudga mas, ra dResac mamamisma amaze mzrunvelobis neba darTo. wyalwaRebuli xavss eWide­bodao, ase iyo platonis saqmec.

datrialdnen orive col­qmari. dRedaRam mxolod imiT iyvnen gar­Tulni, rom egeb TavianT nacnobebSi moegonaT romelime uSvilo qvrivi dedakaci, maTi sasurveli, maTTvis sanatreli, sadedinacvlod gamosa­degi arseba.

– arqipo qvaSavaZis nacolebi... uSvilo ar iyo?! gaTxovda mere... qmarsac bare xuTi weliwadi hyavda... netavi Tu cocxali hyavs is meore qmari?.. a, ar ici, melano?

– rava ara... mara imas, SEe kaco, pirveli qmris xelSiac ki hyavda erTi Svili!.. – miugo melanom.

– Svili sad hyavda? Sen ar mo­mikvde! natalias Svili sad hyolia?

– hyavda, Svilebs geficebi... Sen nu momikvdebi! gaviwydeba, Tvara Svi­li rava ar hyavda... didxans ki iyo uS­vilo!

– oh, aba eg maxsovda me!.. – da gaCumebuli platoni axla sxvebs igonebda da ixsenebda.

– gojaspir xasiSvilis nacolebi? sawireTeli xasiSvilis! ki icnob SeEn imas. ho, ho! is, mgonia, ase magondeba, viTomc xasiSvilma qvrivi iTxova... uSvilo iyo maSinac!..

– ah! gojaspir xasiSvilma qvrivi ki ar SeirTo, SEe kaco... ded­mamis sax­lidan weiyvana da qvrivad mas dar­Ca... uSviloa ki... mara rai, CvenTvis is araferi gamosadegia: erTi qmris nayolia, – wuwuniT gaaTava sityva melanom.

bevrs ewvalnen amrigad colic da qmaric, magram Sesaferi ver ga­monaxes.

– Cem dasTan waval... egeb darikom mimaswavlos sadme da qec amomarCevi­os... a, ras ityvi, melano? – daekiTxa platoni cols, raki xedavda, rom misi mecadineobiT araferi gamodi­oda.

– Zalian kargs izam!.. RmerTmani!.. – miugo melanom. – Zalian kargs izam!.. unda miikiTx­moikiTxo, aba rava iqneba!

– waval, xvalve waval! – amoioxra platonma. – egeb cxeni gamovarTva visme da waval... Tu devigviane, mag dalocvili me aRarc ki momicdis da Tavisas izams!.. hei, hei! – naRvlianad wamoiZaxa man da mezoblebSi wavida cxenis saTxovrad.

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IIIdila iyo adriani, meore dRes

rom platonma Zalze gamxdari, zurg­daSavebuli cxeni gadmoiyvana ezoSi, miaba samzareulo saxlis gverdiT mdgar kvincxasTan1 da kmaza2dauwyo.

– amaze Sejdoma rava SegiZlia?.. – uTxra melanom.

platonma rom cxens unagiri Se­adga, cxenma sul kankali daiwyo.

– aba, fexiT vis mivadge, SEe qalo?!– ki, mara sul ar mogjeba3 am saco­

davs zurgi?– fex­fexa mivyvebi, batono, fex­

fexa mivyvebi!.. sircxvilisaTvis mim­

yavs, Tvara ra!.. Sen eg mosarTavi mo­meci da amis javri nu gaqvs!..

– ai, amogivarda patroni! – miaZa­xa platonma, mosarTavs rom xeli mo­hkida. – meita, melano, Cxinki4 iqneba rame... ena ar qonebia abzinds5... meita male, Tu qali xar!

daamagra mosarTavi CxinkiT pla­tonma, daixura qudi, gadigdo beWeb­ze yabalaxi, moxsna Tavisi TeZoeba­mobuskuli raSi da TiTqmis waaTria ugulod mimyoli cxeni WiSkrisken.

swored amave dros aivanze gamo­vida axaluxis amara bekinac da, ra

davfiqrdeT, gavaanalizoT, SevafasoT

1. daakvirdiT moTxrobis pirvel abzacs. riTi iwyeba igi da riTi mTavrdeba? ra iwvevs Rimils am winadadebaSi – bekinas siRaribe, Tu misi kudabzikoba (`gadapranWuloba~)?

2. axasiaTebda Tu ara trabaxi da uazro Tavmowoneba platon sa­maniSvils? ris gamo emadliereboda igi RmerTs?

3. ram aqcia samaniSvilebis mcire qoneba `simdidred~?4. risi SiSi daeufla platons dedis gardacvalebis Semdeg? gamarTlda

Tu ara misi SiSi?5. rad CauTvala bekinam Svils akviatebuli SiSi?6. daZebneT moTxrobis pirvel TavSi bekinas kudabzikobis magaliTebi.7. ra moifiqra platon samaniSvilma Tavisi `mwiri lukmis~ Sesa nar­

Cuneblad? rogori unda yofiliyo platonis sadedinacvlo?8. daakvirdiT mama­Svilis dialogs. dialogis mixedviT imsjeleT maT

Sesaxeb.9. ra gadawyvita platonma uSedego ojaxuri TaTbiris Semdeg?

1. kvincxa – igivea, rac jagrcxila, rcxilis saxeoba, izrdeba buCqad an xed.2. kmaza – Sekazmva, morTva.3. mogjeba – moeglijeba.4. Cxinki – Cxiri.5. abzinda – liTonis eniani Sesakravi qamrisa da misTanaTa.

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10. sizmari platonisTvis erTgvari signali aRmoCnda. ra mohyva mas? ratom Tqva platonma uari ̀ saqvrivoze~, romelic mas bregaZeebisagan ekuTvnoda? vis gulis mogebas apirebda amiT platoni?

11. vis uwoda `ucnauri kaci~ aristo qvaSaviZem?12. ra sazareli winadadebiT mimarTa moTminebadakargulma platonma

bekinas? rad CauTvala mamam platons amgvari ganzraxva? visi SiSi alaparakebda berikacs?

13. rogori daundoblobiT moeqca platoni dedinacvals?14. rogor moiqca platoni lukmis gamyofi Zmis gaCenis Semdeg? ra azrs

iZens platonis Sedareba antona bregaZesTan?15. ra simware Cahyva bekina samaniSvils samareSi?16. 1969 wels rusTavelis saxelobis saxelmwifo Teatris scenaze

daidga gaxmaurebuli speqtakli `samaniSvilis dedinacvali~ (reJi­sorebi: Temur CxeiZe, robert sturua). warmodgenis finalur scenaSi bekina samaniSvils piesis moqmedi pirebi vaJis dabadebis gamo usamZimrebdnen.

Tqveni azriT, riT iyo nasazrdoebi es SesaniSnavi reJisoruli migneba? (imsjeleT klasSi).

17. daakvirdiT moTxrobis dasasruls. ra irkveva momrigebel mosamarTlesTan misuli elenes naambobidan?

rogor eqceoda Turme platoni dedinacvalsa da Zmas?18. cotac da moTxrobis bolo winadadebasac daesmis wertili. yurad­

RebiT waikiTxeT es winadadeba. rogor ggoniaT, rasa aqvs meti Zala – ucodveli bavSvis xalisian mzeras Tu misi gaCeniT gamowveul usiamovnebas?

es sainteresoa!

# # Dingliseli mRvdeli da... ori imereli aznauri

Tomas robert malTusi (1776­1834) sasuliero piri, demografi1 da ekonomisti iyo. man Seqmna moZRvreba, romlis Tanaxmadac, kacobrio­bas katastrofis safrTxes uqmnis dedamiwis mosaxleobis ukontrolo swrafi zrda. malTusis azriT, adamianebma zneobrivi TavSekaveba Tu ar gamoiCines, uzomod gamravlebul kacTa modgmas bolos mouRebs omebi, epidemiebi da SimSili. ingliseli moazrovnis Sexedulebam azrTa didi

1. demografi – mosaxleobaSi mimdinare procesebis mkvlevari.

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sxvadasxvaoba warmoSva. misi Tvalsazrisis calmxrivi gagebis gamo mal­Tuss kacTmoZuleobaSic ki dasdes brali.

daviT kldiaSvilis personaJebi zemoxsenebul problemasTan irgv­liv gamefebulma siRatakem da urTierTgautanlobam miiyvana. platon samaniSvilis azriT, qveynis xsna mxolod omSi (`CxubSi~) aris saZiebeli, ivane gverdevaniZe ki gamosavals RvTis mier dadgenili mowyalebis wesis gadaxedvaSi (reviziaSi) xedavs.

moZebneT moTxrobis III TavSi es adgilebi da imsjeleT maT Sesaxeb klasSi.

davfiqrdeT, gavaanalizoT, SevafasoT:

1. `CemTvis pirveli striqoni yovelTvis tonis mimcemi iyo; am pirveli striqonidan, ase vTqvaT, gasrialdeboda moTxroba. igi tons aZlevda moTxrobas,~– wers daviT kldiaSvili.

gaixseneT `samaniSvilis dedinacvlis~ pirveli winadadeba. aZlevs Tu ara igi `tons~ moTxrobas? (pasuxi daasabuTeT).

2. moTxrobis dasawyisSi samaniSvilebi, zogadad, cxovrebas ar emdurian da Tavs bednieradac ki miiCneven. ras emyareba maTi kmayofileba?

3. ganmarteT mwerlis fraza: `ra saxarbielo unda yofiliyo kacis mo­uTxovnelobiT mopovebuli gulis simSvide?!~

ra moTxovnileba unda hqondes adamians, garda elementaruli fi zi­ologiuri saWiroebebis (saWmel­sasmeli, TavSesafari, siTbo) dak­mayofilebisa? aqvs Tu ara es moTxovnilebebi platons an moTxrobis romelime sxva personaJs?

4. `RmerTs jafisTvis vyavarT gaCenili,~– ambobs platoni da miwaze gulmodgined muSaobs. Tqveni azriT, aseve fiqrobs bekinac? SegiZliaT warmoidginoT igi ToxiT xelSi?

5. erT WerqveS mcxovrebi platoni da bekina TiTqos gansxvavebul sam­yaroebSi arseboben. maT erTmaneTisa saerTod ar esmiT. rogor fiq­robT, ra ganapirobebs mama­Svilis esoden gansxvavebul Tavl Ta xedvas?

6. `marto Sens Tavze ki ar unda ifiqro adamianma!~ – sayvedurobs bekina Svils. aris Tu ara moTxrobaSi personaJi, romelic sxvazec fiqrobs, sakuTari Tavis garda? sayovelTao gaWirveba aerTianebs Tu acalkevebs da aTiTokacebs adamianebs?

7. platon samaniSvilis xvedri arsebiTad tragikulia – adamiani be­disweris pirispir, romelsac yvela saSualebiT gaurbis da ucnauri

teqstis wakiTxvis Semdeg

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kanonzomierebiT TviTonve iaxlovebs. ratom aris misi Tavgadasavali amave dros Rimilis momgvrelic?

8. moTxrobis personaJebi gamokveTilad taqtianni da zrdilobianebi arian erTmaneTis mimarT. Seesabameba Tu ara es garegnuli Tavazianoba maT realur urTierTdamokidebulebas? (gaixseneT moTxrobidan Sesabamisi magaliTebi) ratom TamaSoben es adamianebi erTmaneTis da, arcTu iSviaTad, sakuTari Tavis winaSec?

9. `ase dagewyo, Se dalocvilo, Tavidanve... tyvila ar gamalanZRvie naTesavi kaci...~ – am frazaSi mTeli imereTia mocemuli – saxis metyvelebiT, xmis tembriT, JestikulaciiT...~– wers grigol robaqiZe daviT kldiaSvilisadmi miZRvnil eseSi.

moiZieT da gadaikiTxeT es epizodi. ra SeiZleba `amovikiTxoT~ aristo qvaSaviZis mier warmoTqmul am or winadadebaSi?

10. `samaniSvilis dedinacvalSi~ ar aris mocemuli arc erTi personaJis portreti. mwerali sul oriode gamomsaxveli detaliT mianiSnebs maTs garegnobaze, Cacmulobasa Tu qcevis maneraze da es sakmarisia, rom mkiTxvels TiToeuli maTgani cxadad warmoudges Tvalwin.

moiZieT nawarmoebSi aseTi `metyveli~, plastikuri detalebi. ra Strixebi SeaqvT maT ama Tu im personaJis an situaciis daxasiaTebaSi?

11. `daviT kldiaSvils daWerili aqvs imereli aznauris saubris yoveli niuansi, winadadebis mimoxra, Taviseburi gamoTqmebi, akviatebuli sityvebi da xSirad mniSvnelobas moklebuli bgerebic ki. sakmarisia, misma personaJebma xma amoiRon, raTa yovelgvari sazRvari waiSalos sinamdvilesa da xelovnebas Soris – imdenad cocxalni da damajerebelni arian isini,~ – wers akaki gawerelia.

Tqveni azriT, ra aris mwerlis mTvari xerxi am moTxrobaSi personaJis Cveneba­daxasiaTebisas? gansakuTrebulad sad mJRavndeba mwerlis enis gamomsaxveloba da koloriti?

12. `kaci sikvdilamdis yvelafers unda moelodes, Tu siqaCleso... andazebic ki damaviwyda am ucnaurobaSi...~ – ambobs erT epizodSi platoni. romel andazas gulisxmobs igi? kidev romeli andazebiT axasiaTebs platonis mdgomareobas mwerali? Tqvenc xom ar gaxsende­baT nawarmoebSi moTxrobili ambis Sesatyvisi romelime qarTuli andaza?

es sainteresoa!

`samaniSvilis dedinacvali~ rusTavelis TeatrSi

es gaxmaurebuli speqtakli 1969 wels daidga (reJisorebi: Temur Cxe­iZe da robert sturua). rogor fiqrobT, ratom Tqves uari reJisoreb­ma istoriul anturaJze (ratom ar warmogvidgines scenaze XIX saukunis garemo?) da ratom acviaT msaxiobebs Tanamedrove tansacmeli?

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`sinamdvilis fanatikosi~

cnobilma qarTvelma mozrovnem da publicistma geronti qiqoZem daviT kldiaSvils `sinamdvilis fanatikosi~ uwoda. Tqveni azriT, mwerlis Semoqmedebis ra Tavisebureba igulisxmeba am epiTetSi?

sanam am kiTxvas upasuxebdeT, waikiTxeT daviT kldiaSvilisa da misi vaJis, sergo kldiaSvilis, mogonebebi:

* * *

`roca `samaniSvilis dedinacvlis~ beWdva dasrulda JurnalSi1, pet­re umikaSvili2 Semxvda baTumis bulvarSi.

– me Sen xmas ar gcem! – Semomitia petrem. – rigiani kaci megone, Turme ki zarmaci, amCatebuli, uxeiro yofilxar... ase male daaTave samaniSvilis mogzauroba!.. gadmoviyvandi qarTlSi, iqidan kaxeTSi – ra suraTi iqne­boda, ra iqneboda! Sen ki ase male moanaxvie dedinacvali!

– ar vicnob qarTlsa da kaxeTs.”

daviT kldiaSvili, `Cemi cxovrebis gzaze~

raze miuTiTebs daviT kldiaSvilis pasuxi?

* * *

`samaniSvilis dedinacvalSi~ bevr personaJs Tavisi prototipi hyavs. prototipi mxatvruli saxis Sesaqmnelad gamoyenebuli realurad arse­buli pirovnebaa. es is adamianebi arian, romlebsac mwerali piradad ic­nobda an romelTa Sesaxeb mas axloblebi uyvebodnen.

`kvanZi, ZarRvi moTxrobis mocemulia im saubrebiT, romelic mqonda xolme Cems simamrTan – pavle maWavarianTan. CemTvis Zvirfasi pirovneba iyo igi. kargi SeZlebis kaci, gamocdili, Segnebuli, cxovrebaSi Caxeduli, Wkviani, enamaxvili. igi sayvareli adamiani iyo Tavis kuTxeSi. misi ojaxi mudam savse iyo stumrebiT; vis ar naxavdi aq, ras ar gaigonebdi! cxovreb­is gasacnobad sakmarisi iyo iq moqceuliyavi ramdenime xniT... miyvarda aq yofna, miyvarda moxucTan saubari, miyvarda da mainteresebda mis ojaxSi mosiaruleTa Tvalis devna~.

daviT kldiaSvili, `Cemi cxovrebis gzaze~

1. JurnalSi – igulisxmeba Jurnali ̀ moambe~, sadac 1897 wels daibeWda ̀ samaniSvilis dedinacvali~.

2. petre umikaSvili (1838­1904) – gamoCenili folkloristi, publicisti, mTar gm­neli, sazogado moRvawe.

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`aznaurebi da Tavadebi – SeZlebulni, Raribni, gaRatakebulni – mTeli es qaravani tipebisa, romelnic ase cocxlad gadmogvca daviTma, umetes SemTxvevaSi danaxulia pavles ojaxSi.

bekina da platoni, aristo, kirile – sinTeturi saxeebia im adamianebi­sa, romlebic daviTs unaxavs an maT Sesaxeb simamris ojaxSi gaugonia.

`samaniSvilis dedinacvlis~ is momenti, rom Warmagma moxucma beki­nam meore colis moyvana ganizraxa, sinamdvilidan aris aRebuli. ambavi gadaxda babua pavlesTan daaxloebul erT aznaurs.

me kargad maxsovs bekinas prototipi – maRali, gamxdari, lxinis didi moyvaruli, SesaniSnavi mosimRere, saocari enamaxvili aznauri ivane av­li.

bekina samaniSvilsa da mis prototips Soris aris gansxvavebac. ivane av­li SeZlebuli iyo da meore colis xelSi hyavda ramdenime vaJi, romelTa davaJkacebas moeswro da romlebTan Tavis moxucebulobas molxenaSi atarebda.

pavle maWavarians naambobi aqvs daviTisTvis mxolod is ambavi, Tu ra mizeziT gamoeyo ivanes Tavisi ufrosi vaJi. swored es ambavi daamuSava daviTma...~

sergo kldiaSvili, `daviT kldiaSvili~

gaixseneT, ra aris literaturaSi tipi da tipuri personaJi. miuxedavad `samaniSvilis dedinacvalSi~ moTxrobili ambis uCveulobisa, Seg­viZlia Tu ara mis personaJebs vuwodoT `tipuri~? ratom?

romeli personaJi da ojaxia daxasi aTebuli `samaniSvilis de di nac­valSi~ pavle maWavarianisa da misi saxlobis msgavsad?

daviT kldiaSvilis iumori

waikiTxeT qvemoT moxmobili citatebi da upasuxeT kiTxvebs:

`Cems sicocxleSi aravisTvis damicinia. me mebraleboda adamiani, romelic cxovrebam gaaubedura da sasacilo mdgomareobaSi Caayena~.

daviT kldiaSvili

`es kaci... swored Seecodeboda kacs, rom TviT ambavi sasacilo ar yo­filiyo~... ai, d. kldiaSvilis moTxrobebis mTavari azri... eg rbili, lmo­bieri, ironiiT Sezavebuli naRvelia... Tu daviT kldiaSvili erTi xeliT guls dagikodavs, meore xeliT malamos wascxebs. Tu gulis amrev suraTs dagixatavT, iqve am suraTis sasacilo mxares daganaxvebT.... d. kldiaS­vilis nawarmoebebisgan gamowveuli sicili yovelTvis cremlnarevia da cremli sicilis karebTan dgas”.

kita abaSiZe

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`visac d. kldiaSvilis komediebSi tragedia ver daunaxavs, mas ufleba ara aqvs ifiqros, rom icinis d. kldiaSvilis siciliT~.

kote marjaniSvili

ra mxatvruli xerxebiT iqmneba `samaniSvilis dedinacvalSi~ `crem l­narev­Rimiliani~ ganwyoba?

Tqveni azriT, ra iwvevs Rimils "samaniSvilis dedinacvalSi" – komikuri xasiaTebi Tu komikuri situacia? Tu aris moTxrobaSi personaJi, romelsac SegviZlia marTlac komikuri vuwodoT?

zepiri metyveleba

gaixseneT XIX saukuneSi Seqmnili sxva nawarmoebebi – giorgi erisTavis `gayra~ da ilia WavWavaZis `kacia­adamiani?!~ da imsjeleT:

1. ra aqvs maTTan saerTo `samaniSvilis dedinacvals”? 2. riTi hgvanan da gansxvavdebian didebuliZeebi, TaTqariZeebi da sa­

maniSvilebi?3. rogoria maT mimarT avtorTa damokidebuleba – damcinavi, mam­

xilebeli Tu TanagrZnobiT aRsavse?4. komikuri efeqtis misaRwevad am nawarmoebTagan romelSia gamoye­

nebuli satira da romelSi – iumori?5. dasaxelebulTagan romel nawarmoebSi metad Cans avtori da misi

zneobriv­moqalaqeobrivi pozicia?

es sainteresoa!

platoni da kirile(literaturuli saTaveebi)

... daviT kldiaSvilma rom ukvdavi xasiaTebi Seqmna, es CvenTvis cxadze cxadia. amas adasturebs maTi mxatvruli zemoqmedebis garduvali Zalac da Cveni cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebac.

ramdeni platoni da kirile dadis axlac zemo imereTSi, romlis cxovrebamac masukan Zirfesvianad icvala Tavisi sulieri Sinaarsi!..

sad aris saZiebeli daviT kldiaSvilis gmirTa Zirebi, maTi literatu­ruli saTaveebi, maTi urTierTobis (Sewyvilebis) arqetipebi1?

1. arqetipebi – universaluri Tvisebis mqone Tavdapirveli motivebi da saxeebi.

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mkiTxvels vTxov mSvidad moisminos mosazreba, romelsac qvemoT gam­ovTqvam:

Cemi fiqriT, platonisa da kiriles aliansi1 Tavis arqetips tarieli­sa da avTandilis daZmobilebaSi hpovebs. aseTi kavSiri (`vefxistyaosan­sa~ da `samaniSvilis dedinacvals~ Soris) SeiniSneba Sesabamis siuJetur koliziebSic2, romelsac TiToeuli maTgani asrulebs, rogorc daZmo­bilebuli wyvilis erTeuli.

cxadia, daviT kldiaSvilis moTxrobaSi yovelive es parodirebis3 doneze xorcieldeba, oRond parodia aq farTo – ara literaturuli, aramed cxovrebiseuli – mniSvnelobiT moqmedebs.

platoni da kirile swored im sulieri formaciis, im fsiqologiuri modgmis nabolarebi arian, romlis socialur­zneobrivi aRzevebis ze­nitze tarielisa da avTandilis idealuri saxeebi aRmocendnen. amis gamo maT SegnebaSi da moqmedebaSi yvelaferi gadagvarebuli, nakluli, sava­lalod nirSecvlili saxiT warimarTeba...

...ras eZeben es axali drois raindebi? cxovrebiseuli ironiis mTavari zambarac swored aq aris! maTi zraxvisa da Ziebis sagani, maTi saocnebo `mzeTunaxavi~, orgzis ganaTxovari, xandazmuli berwi dedakacia – samani­Svilis nanatri sadedinacvlo.

siberwe – saimedod garantirebuli, eWvmiutaneli, yovelgvari gaugeb­robisgan dazRveuli unayofoba – ai, maTi odiseis4 sanukvari mizani.

koliziis amgvari parodiuli sqema gansazRvravs maT qcevasac da xa­siaTsac – platonis sulier siberwes da gansakuTrebiT kiriles wregada­sul amCatebas.

avTandilis rainduli devizi: – `vis sikvdili moyvrisaTvis TamaSad da miCans mRerad~ – kiriles xelSi Tavis parodiul ukiduresobad gar­daiqmneba.

`TamaSi~ ganmsazRvreli Strixia mTeli misi arsebisa. iq, sadac yvelam da yvelaferma dakarga Tavisi pirveladi Rirebuleba, yovelive gaufas­urda, gauxamsda, samarcxvinod profanirebul iqna5 da amdenad dakarga WeSmariti realobis Tviseba, erTaderTi bunebrivi reagireba cxovrebis mware ironiaze esaa – mxolod Tavze xelaRebuli, TviTkmari, arafris­damdevi, mxiaruli `TamaSi~...

guram asaTiani, `saTaveebTan~ (nawyveti)

1. aliansi – SeTanxmebaze damyarebuli kavSiri, gaerTianeba.2. koliziebi – urTierTsapirispiro Sexedulebebis, miswrafebebis, interesebis

Sejaxeba.3. parodireba – mibaZva dacinvis mizniT.4. odisea – aq: saxifaTo TavgadasavlebiT aRsavse xangrZlivi mogzauroba

(momdinareobs homerosis poemis saxelwodebidan).5. profanireba – RirebulebaTa damaxinjeba, Seryvna, damdableba.

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mwerlis ena

daviT kldiaSvilis imereTi

cnobili mecnieri grigol kiknaZe werda:`namdvili imereTi Cven daviT kldiaSvilma dagvanaxa. marTalia, imer­

lebi manamdec gvxvdebodnen Cvens mwerlobaSi, magram iq maT imerlobas erTob daqvemdebarebuli da meorexarisxovani mniSvneloba hqonda... maincdamainc bevri araferia specifikurad imeruli akakis mier daxatu­li glaxuki baqraZis pirovnebaSic. imereTi, rogorc aseTi, Cvens mwer­lobaSi daviT kldiaSvilma daamkvidra.

daviT kldiaSvili, rogorc Semoqmedi, pirdapir Seerwya imereTs, mis yofasa da mis Svilebs. es aris daviT kldiaSvilis erTi mTavari niSan­Tviseba da misi ueWveli damsaxurebac Cveni erovnuli literaturis gam­ravalferovnebisa da gamdidrebis TvalsazrisiT~.

kuTxuri niSan­Tvisebebis, imeruli koloritis Seqmnis amocanas, up­irveles yovlisa, personaJTa metyvelebis kuTxuri Taviseburebebi em­saxureba.

erTi gansakuTrebuli SemTxveva aRiniSneba mwerlis biografiaSi: 10 wlis asakSi daviT kldiaSvili samxedro saswavlebelSi Seiyvanes da igi mTlianad moswyda mSobliur garemos. aman is Sedegi gamoiRo, rom ori wlis Semdeg, rodesac igi ardadegebze saxlSi dabrunda, dedas qarTu­lad veRar daelaparaka.

warmoidgineT, raoden Zlieri unda yofiliyo masSi mwerluri mowode­ba da talanti, rom didi xnis gasvlis Semdeg xelaxla aRedgina is sulieri safuZveli – mSobliuri ena, romliTac misi ukvdavi nawarmoebebi Seiqmna.

erT ramesac aRniSnaven sagangebod: miuxedavad imisa, rom daviT kldi­aSvili amden xans iyo rusulis `tyveobaSi~, mis mwerlur enas ar etyoba rusulis siRrmiseuli gavlena – rusulis kalkebi. esec imis dasturia, rom mwerali, marTlac, sisxlxorceulad iyo dakavSirebuli mSobliur garemosTan.

daviT kldiaSvilis Tbili, TanamgrZnobi iumori, romliTac igi qmnis imerel aznaurTa koloritul galereas, romliTac xatavs Sesabamis yo­fasa da garemos, upirvelesad gamosWvivis im epiTetebSi, romlebic samu­damod darCa, rogorc zustad mignebuli Sefaseba socialuri garemosi Tu ama Tu im gmirisa; magaliTad:

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aznaurTa zogadi Tvisebis maCvenebeli: `gadaqaCuli~, `kudabzika~, `WiWyina~... rac mTavaria, misi ukvdavi – `Semodgomis aznaurebi~...

`erTob gadapranWuli~ – bekina.`mowanwale~, `moyanyale~, `moyiale~ – kirile da aristo da sxv.personaJTa portretebis gansakuTrebul xelSesaxeb niSans warmoad­

gens kuTxuri metyvelebis is Tavisebureba, romliTac isini mkiTxvelis winaSe warmodgebian. daviT kldiaSvili im realist mweralTa rigs gane­kuTvneba, romlebic maqsimalurad cdiloben kuTxuri koloritis Senar­Cunebas da es enobriv mxaresac Seexeba.

magram es imas ar niSnavs, rom mwerali ganuxrel principad iRebs per­sonaJTa mosalodneli kuTxuri metyvelebis sizustis dacvas. ara, es me­tyveleba ar aris wmindad dialeqturi. daviT kldiaSvilis gmirTa enob­rivi daxasiaTeba ramdenime urTierTdakavSirebuli momentis aRniSvnas moiTxovs:

1. personaJebi dialeqtis Taviseburebebs bolomde arasodes misdeven, maTs metyvelebaSi erTdroulad, gverdigverd gvxvdeba kuTxuri da marTebuli formebi; magaliTad, SualobiTi kontaqtis formebi erTi da imave personaJis (kiriles) metyvelebaSi:

`– aba, raT minda ojaxi, Tu CemTan mosuli kaci, mere kidev ra kaci, colisZma, qorwilSi rom mpatiJobs, ar davaTvre, ar davalevie rjulze!.. rom ase ar vuqna, masTan rom mival, aRarc me damalevinebs da wyalnasvams gamomistumrebs...~

anda zmniswinTa fonetikuri cvlileba, romelic ase damaxasiaTebelia imeruli metyvelebisaTvis (imave gmiris mixedviT):

`– platon... biWo, gaixsene petre mociquli... ra epativa mas da visgan?! ... biWo, petre mociqulis ambavi geixsene, Se uRvTo, Se uRvTo!..~

2. iseTi STabeWdileba rCeba, rom qalebi ufro metad metyveleben kuT­xurad, vidre mamakacebi; mag. salome:

`– ra ari, ymawvilo... raneiri saqcielia?.. ra Wkuaa axla mag?... sacxa CeiCexeba axla is ubeduri...~

3. personaJebi simSvidis dros, rogorc Cans, ufro akontroleben sa­kuTar metyvelebas, anu nakleb mimarTaven dialeqtur formebs, magram mRelvarebis dros umal gadadian kilour metyvelebaze. ma galiTad, bekina Svils dasawyisSi eubneba: `Sen ratom unda daiRupo, Svilo?~ magram rogorc ki SekamaTdebian, orive imerizmebze gadadis:

`– batono, melanos jafas ras deeZeb, Sen nu... – ratom, ras deveZeb?!...~

ufro Tavisufali damokidebuleba Cans dialeqturi leqsikis mimarT, ramdenadac LEQleqsikuri imerizmebi ara mxolod personaJTa metyvelebaSi, aramed mwerlis enaSic dasturdeba: monaSeni, dajineba, simavri, breki, qe, apolikeba, Cxinki, gaxrekili, jaxraki da sxv.

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yovelive es erT rameze metyvelebs: mwerali enobriv Tavisebure­bebs aqtiurad iyenebs Tavisi gmirebis portretebis xatvaSi. imereli `Semodgomis aznaurebis~ saerTo manerul `TamaSSi~, maTTvis damaxasi­aTebel `gayinCulobasa~ da pozaSi enobrivi poziciac igulisxmeba. mSvid mdgomareobaSi, enobrivi Segnebis doneze isini ufro literaturuli qarTuliT metyveleben, vidre maSin, rodesac saerTo gaWirveba saku­Tari qcevebis kontrolsac ki akargvinebT. es personaJTa bunebis Rrma fsiqologiur wvdomas gulisxmobs.

yovelive aRniSnulis Semdeg Tqven SegeZlebaT ufro uSualod daakav­SiroT personaJTa metyvelebis Taviseburebani maTs literaturul por­tretebTan.

weriTi samuSao

dawereT ese: `daviT kldiaSvilis imereTi~