194 Annual Bulletin of Historical Literature 73

XI11 The Middle East, Asia, Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific (i) The Middle East (including North Africa)

Ann Williams

13.01 Reference and General Two valuable bibliographies have appeared this year: C. Ghani, Iran and the West; a critical bibliography and J . Ian, Syriii (World Bibliographical Series, 73, Clio, f45). M.M. Sibai has produced a specialised but revealing study on Mosque Libraries; a historical study. The official history of the Great War continues with EJ. Moberly, Operations in Persia, 1914-9. Archive Editions have published The Persian Gulf National Summaries, 1907-1933 (4 vols) as well as Military Handbooks of Arabia, 1913-1917 (6 vols). I . Rabinoviclh and H. Shaked, Middle East contemporary survey, Vol 9 (1984-5) (Boulder: Westview, $80) lags behind contemporary events but is useful. The new Arab Journal of the Social Sciences now appears biennially. L. Giacomo (ed.), Nation, state and integration in the Arab World comprises 4 comprehensive volumes covering all aspects of state formation and development. The Longman history of the Near East has reached the nineteenth century with M.E. Yapp, The Making of the Modern Near East, 1792-1923 (f22.50, pbk f12.50) a valuable book for Sixth Form and University students. M. Heper, The state and politics in the Muslim Middle East is also a useful analysis. Social studies contain material of value to the historian. H. Afshar (ed.), Women, state and ideology; studies from Africa and Asia contains material from the Arab world. J. Starr and D.C. Stoll, Politics of scarcity; water in the Middle Easr illuminates a vital subject. A recent crisis is set in context in R. Mabro (ed.), The 1986 oil price crisis; economic effects and policy responses (O.U.P., f25). I Seccombe and R. Lawless, Work camps and company towns; settlement patterns and the Gulf oil industry (Durham Occasional Papers, 36) looks at the social effects of the industry.

13.02 Islam and Christianity P.J. Vatikiotis, Islum and the nation state (Croom Helm, f25) contains interesting ideas. Fundamentalist Islam continues to attract attention. L. Caplan (ed.), Studies in religious fundamentalbm (Macmillan, €29.50) puts Islam in a wider context. Two serious collections of papers on Shi’ism have been issued: J.R.I. Cole and N.R. Keddie (eds), Shi’ism and social protest (Yale. U.P., 1986, $42) and M. Kramer (ed.), Sh’ism, resistance and revolution. Two other books look at the role of the Papacy in the Middle East. L. Rokach, The Catholic church and the question of Palestine (Sage, f22) discusses the question frorn the 18%. K.C. Ellis (ed.), The Vatican, Islam and the Middte East (Syracuse U.P., $39.95) publishes the papers from a 1985 conference. Vol 31 of Renaissance and Modern Studs. is devoted to ‘Christianity and Islam’. The articles range from B. Hamilton on ‘The Ottomans, the humanists and the holy house of Loreto’ to J. Robinson, ‘The impact of the Orient on European thought, 1770-1850’.

13.03 Pre 1800 A Dumbarton Oaks symposium on Continuity and Change in late Byzantine and early Ottoman society edited by A. Bryer and H. Lowry (1986, pbk €27.50) makes general points from a number of local studies. P. Crone, Roman, provincial and Islamic law; the origins of the Islamic patronate (C.U.P., f27.50)

XI11 The Middle East, Asia, Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific I95

continues to overturn the comfortable myths of early Islamic history. J.-C. Garcin, Espace, pouvoirs et ideologies de I’Egypte medikvale (f32) is an important Variorum collection by an Annales school historian. G. Regan, Saladin and the fall of Jerusalem (Croom Helm, €25) is a readable account of the Third Crusade. A. Elon, The Holy Land from the Air (Weidenfeld, €24) looks at sites from all periods of history.

13.04 S. Faroqhi, Men of modest substance; house owners and house property in seventeenth century Ankara and Kayseri (Cambridge Studs. in Islamic Civilisation) is a local study which illuminates Ottoman history. R. Murphy, Regional structure in the Ottoman economy; a sultanic memorandum of 1636 A D concerning the sources and uses of the tax-farm revenues of Anatolia and Syria is, as its title suggests, a more pedestrian study. EM. Gocek, East encounters west; France and the Ottoman empire in the eighteenth century (New York: O.U.P., $27.50) records an Ottoman embassy to France in 1720. A.K.S. Lambton, Qajar Persia (New York: I.B. Tauris, $24.50) is a collection of hitherto unpublished articles, whilst R.M. Savory, Studies on the history of Safavid Iran is a Variorum collection on a later period of Persian history. TT. Allsen, Mongol Imperialism; the policies of the Grand Qan Mongke in China, Russia and the Islamic Lands, 1251-1259 (California U.P., $35) is a valuable contribution to Mongol history.

13.05 Ottoman Empire and Turkey R.W. Olson, ‘Turkic history in recent world history textbooks’ (Turkish Studs. Assoc. Bull., 11) provides a useful discussion for the teacher. S. Pamuk, The Ottoman empire and European capitalism, 1820-1913 (C.U.P., €30) covers an important aspect of Ottoman history thoroughly. C. Keydar, Turkey, the Ottoman legacy is written from a Marxist perspective. I.C. Schick and E.A. Tonak (eds), Turkey in Transition; new perspectives (New York: O.U.P., $42) is a good collection of essays.

13.06 Egypt A Chatham House paper, edited by H.L. Craig, Egypt; internal challenges and regional stability is a useful modern survey. I . Gershoni and J.P. Jankowski, Egypt, Islam and the Arabs; the search for Egyptiun nationhood, 1900- 1930 (New York: O.U.P., $39.95) looks critically at early Egyptian nationalism. M.M. El Hussini, Soviet Egyptian relations, 1945-85 (New York: St. Martins, $49.95) assesses this aspect of foreign policy. L.R. Murphy, The American university in Cairo, 1919-1987 (Columbia U.P., $50) is an enthusiastic account of American educators abroad.

13.07 Lebanon, Syria and Jordan N.N. Lewis, Nomads and settlers in Syria and Jordan, 1800-1900 (C.U.P., €30) looks at society in the area. Two books consider the French mandate. P.S.D. Khoury, Syria and the French mandate; the politics of Arab nationalism, 1920-1945 (New York: I.B. Tauris, €29.50) analyses the urban elite which emerged under French rule, whilst A.B. Gaunson, The Anglo-French clash in Lebanon and Syria, 1940-5 (Macmillan, f29.50) deals with western involvement. C. Mary, King Abdullah; Britain and the making of Jordirn (C.U.P. ,) is a critical analysis of the king’s part in the establishment of Jordan. S.A. Mutawi, Jordan in the 1967 war, published in the same series, is based on oral sources. Lebanon continues to be a focus of attention. A. Yaniv, Dilemmas of security; politics, strategy and the Israeli experience in Lebanon (New York: O.U.P., $29.50) attempts to justify Israeli intervention. R. Thakur, International peacekeeping in the Lebanon (Boulder: Westview, pbk $32.50) is a dispassionate account. N.J.

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Weinberger, Syriun intervention in the Lebanon; the 1975-6 war (New York: O.U.P., 1986, $32) stresses the regional implications of the war.

13.08 Shah (Croom Helm) draws attention to the weaknesses of the regime. G Joffe and K. McLachlan, Iran and Iraq, the nextfive years (Economist Special Report, 1083) provides a background of recent history. W.A. Doman and M. Farhang, ‘The US press and Iran; foreign policy and the journalism of deference (California U.P.) analyses the newspaper as historical source. A. Bayat, Workers and revolution in Iran; a third world experience of workers’ control (Zed, f22.95, pbk f7.95) shows the effect of the revolution on the people. M. Farouk-Sluglett and P. Sluglett, Iraq since 1958; from revolution to dictatorship (Kegan Paul, f29.95) is a scholarly but passionate account of Baathist rule in Syria.

13.09 Israel and the Palestine Question T. Parfitt, The Jews in Palestine, 1800- 1881 (Boydell and Brewer) takes the problem back to the nineteenth century. The roots of Zionism are discussed in several books. Y. Gorny, Zionism and the Arabs, 1882-1948; a study of ideology (O.U.P., f32.50) examines the ideas behind the quarrel. Two early Jewish leaders are assessed in S. Teveth, Ben Gurion; the burning ground, 1886-1948 (O.U.P., f17.50) and B. Halpern, A clash of heroes; Brandeis, Weizmann and American Zionism (New York: O.U.P., $32.50) D. Vital, Zionism, the crucial phase ($65) covers the same period. M. Howard, A History of Israel Vol 2 From the aftermath of the Yom Kippur war (New York: O.U.P..) continues the author’s solid work. The Arab side is given in E. Ben-Rafael, lsrael - Palestine; a guerilla war in international politics (Greenwood, $37.95) whilst B. Morris, The birth of the Palestinian refugee problem, 1947-49 (C.U.P.,) is based on recently opened official papers in Britain, America and Israel. R. Khalid, The Arab Economy in Israel (Croom Helm, f27.50) examines Arab means of livelihlood.

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Iraq and Iran M.M.H. Malek, The political economy of Iran under the

13.10 The Gulf M.A. Al-Tajir, Bahrein, 1920-1945; Britain, the Sheikh and the administration is a solid account based on official documents. J.C. Wilkinson, The imamate tradition of Oman (New York: C.U.P., $59.50) puts contemporary affairs in the perspective of traditional society. J.S. Snyder, Defending the fringe; NATO, the Mediterranean and the Persian Gulf (SAIS papers in International Affairs. Boulder: Westview, 1986, pbk $23.50) shows the importance of the area to the west.

13.11 period (C.U.P.,) is a re-writing of the author’s earlier book. Books on Libya continue to proliferate. J. Davis, Libyan politicr; tribe and revolution is an exciting study of the impact of the Libyan revolution on society. M.M. Ayoub, Iskam and the third univeral theory. the religiour thought of Mu’ammar a1 Qadhdhafi (Routledge) analyses the theoretical basis of the revolution. D.J. Schroeter, Merchants of Essaouira; urban society and imperialism in south- western Morocco, 1844-1888 (C.U.P.) is an illuminating study. J.W. Zartman (ed.), The polirical economy of Morocco (Praeger, $39.95) is a useful collection of essays on contemporary Morocco. W. Jansen, Women without men; gender and marginality in an Algerian town (Leiden: Brill) is another social study of interest to the historian.

North Africa J.N. Abun-Nasr, A History of the Maghrib in the Islamic

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(ii) South Asia

Gordon Daniels (South-East Asia and Japan)

Mark Greengrass (China)

James Grayson (Korea)

13.12 forthcoming volume 74 of the Annual Bulletin.

13.13 South-East Asia: general J.R. Bruijn, F.S. Gaastra and I. Schoffer, Dutch-Asiatic Shipping in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries Vol 1 (The Hague: Nijhoff) provides a comprehensive survey of the shipbuilding, ships and organisation which formed the foundations of Dutch commercial empire. The 20th anniversary of the founding of the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) stimulated the publication of numerous commemorative studies. L.G. Martin (ed.), The ASEAN Success Story (Honolulu: East-West Center, pbk $15) celebrates economic progress and raises issues of income inequality within the region. R.D. Palmer and T.J. Reckford, Building ASEAN; 20 Years of South-East Asian Cooperution (N.Y: Praeger, pbk $9.95) provides country by country descriptions and discussions of cooperation and organisational development. N. Sopiee, Chew Lay See and Lim Siang Jin (eds), ASEAN at the Crossroads; obstacles, options and opportunities in economic cooperation (Kuala Lumpur: Institute of Strategic and international studies, $25) criticises ASEAN's economic failings and highlights conflicting economic interests within i t . The varied diplomatic perceptions of ASEAN members are presented in R.O. Tilman, South-east Asia and the enemy beyond; ASEANperceptions of external threats (Boulder: Westview, f20.50). a useful, albeit routine, work which suggests that Vietnam, China, Japan and the USSR are viewed with varying degrees of suspicion.

13.14 A major source for colonial economic history is W.L. Korthals Altes, Changing economy in Indonesia Vol 7 (Amsterdam: Royal Tropical Institute, pbk DG126). This rich compilation provides detailed statistics and analyses a century of trade between the Netherlands and its South- East empire. The evolution of a major colonial city is analysed in s. Abeyasekere, Jakarta (Singapore: O.U.P., $34). This sophisticated study vividly describes the impact of European and Asian immigration on a complex racial mosaic. A superb contribution to rural and religious history is C. Dobbin, Islamic Revivalism in a Changing Peasant Economy; central Sumatra, 1784-1847 (Curzon P., pbk f9.50). Dobbin's monograph explores many complex themes and emphasises the important contribution of Islamic teachers to the early nationalist movement. The role of the theatrical arts in traditional rural communities is discussed in W. Keeler, Javanese Shadow Plays, Javanese Selves (Princeton U.P., pbk $14.95) which also provides an invaluable study of a typical villaged headman. The impact of European influences on local arts is the theme of A.A.M. Djelantik, Balinese Paintings (Singapore: O.U.P., $17.95). Originally Balinese artists served local rulers and courts but in the 1920s, Western influences stimulated the adoption of new techniques and themes, and a search for wider markets. Rivalries between local courts are meticulously described in G.D. Larson, Prelude to Revolution; palace and politics in Surakarta,

India The publications of 1987 will appear with those of 1988 in the

Colonial and pre-Colonial Indonesia

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1912-42 (Dordrecht: Foris P., pbk DG130). Some far-sighted courtiers attempted to build links with conservative nationalists but the Japanese occupation ultimately undermined these traditional centres of political authority. P.W. Van der ’Veur (ed.), Towardr a Glorious Indonesia; Reminiscences and Observations of Dr Suetomo (Ohio U.P., pbk $13.50) introduces the ideas of the founder of the Indonesian Study Circle, the forerunner of the Great Indonesia Party. The career of a more influential nationalist is chronicled in M. Rose, Indonesia Free; a political biography of Mohammad Hatta (Cornell U.P.).

13.15 party system (O.U.P., $48) provides a study of the concept of ‘functional groups’ which has been an important theme in post-independent politics. Legal issues in contemporary Indonesia are examined in H. Thoolen (ed.), Indonesia and the rule of law; 20 Years of ‘New Order Government’ (Pinter, $30). This major report by the International Commission of Jurists highlights many abuses of authority but fails to explore their social and political background. The impact of social change on religion is perceptively analysed in R. Smith Kipp and S . Rodgers, Indonesian Religions in Transition (Arizona U.P., $29.95). This suggests that recent government policies have strengthened monotheistic religions at the expense of simpler traditional cults. Recent changes in a traditional island society are described in R. Needham, Manmboru; history and structure in a domain of northwestern Sumba (O.U.P.).

13.16 Malaysia A pioneering account of early colonial life is presented in J.M. Gulick, Malay society in the late nineteenth century; the beginnings of change (Singapore: O.U.P., $45). This fine study of a society in flux places particular emphasis on the role of a rising middle class. A valuable contribution to urban history is C.A. Lockard, From Kampung to City; a social history of Kuchrng, Malaysia, 1820-1970 (Ohio U.P., pbk $.14) which traces the transition of a Malay village to a colonial and post-colonial city, and the growing role of Chinese settlers in its political life. The history of women in post-war Malaysia is explored in two detailed studies. V.H. D a n a , Women and party politics in Peninsular Ma1,aysiu (Singapore: O.U.P., $29.50) compares the roles of Malay, Chinese and Indian women, and concludes that rural Moslem women have been extremely active in electioneering. As its title implies, A. Ong, Spirit of Resistance and Capitulist Discipline; Factory Women in Malaysia (New York State U.P., pbk $12.50) provides a somewhat ideological study of women workers in a Japanese electronics factory. Among its most powerful themes are the rise of wage employment and the influence of revived Islam. National politics are explored in Z.H. Ahmen (ed.), Government and Politics of Malaysia (Singapore, O.U.P., $32.50). This introductory survey by seven Malaysian scholars is, at times, too detached to be satisfactory and fails to analyse political abuses. The strengths of B.H. Shafruddin, The federal fuctor in the government and politics of peninsular Malaysia (Singapore: O.U.P., $29.50) are partially offset by its neglect of religious issues.

13.17 The Philippines An original contribution to the history of American colonial administration is EL. Jenista, The White Apos; American Governors on the Cordillera Central (Detroit: New Day, pbk $14). This study of relations between American officials and the Ifugao people of Luzon emphasises a shared admiration for physical courage which inspired friendly ties. A valuable critique of Miarcos’ economic policies is provided by G. Hawes, The Philippine State and the A4arcos

Annual Bulletin of Historical Literature 73

Independent Indonesia D. Reeve, Golkar of Indonesia; an alternative to the

XI11 The Middle East, Asia. Australia. New Zealand, and the Pacific

Regime; the politics of export (Cornell U.P., $27.50) which concludes that Marcos’ greed and clumsy intervention severely blighted his country’s economic growth. Marcos is viewed more sympathetically in L.E. Gleek, President Marcos and the Philippine Political Culture (Manila: Loyal, $20). Gleek, a one-time American official, traces Philippine political history from the 1930s and sees President Aquino as a ‘dangerous leftist’ ruling an essentially conservative people. In contrast, L. Davis, The Philippines; People, Poverty and Politics (Macmillan, f29.50) dwells upon widespread poverty and left-wing resistance. This work’s outstanding feature is its description of life in Communist-controlled areas. Alternative responses to economic discontents are analysed in S.E. Findley, Rural development and migration; a study of family choices in the Philippines (Boulder: Westview, pbk $28.50), a study of migration which concludes that rich and poor, rather than the middle class, form the bulk of migrants to Manila and the United States. More destructive processes of social change are described in J.F. Eder, On the road to tribal extinction; depopulation, deculturation and adaptive well-being among the Batak of the Philippines (California U.P., $36). This chronicles the destruction of the traditional beliefs of a nomadic forest people in the 1960s and 70s.

13.18 Thailand and Vietnam C.F. Keyes, Thailand; Buddhist Kingdom as Modern National State (Boulder: Westview, $32.50) provides the most effective recent introduction to the history and politics of modern Thailand. Its dominant theme is the integration of varied peoples under the modern monarchy. A somewhat less satisfactory volume is S . Xuto (ed.), Government and politics in Thailand (O.U.P., $42.50), a collective work which contains valuable historical material marshalled within outdated social science concepts. An impressive monograph which embraces cultural, technical and social elements is Y. Takaya, Agricultural Development of a Tropical Delta; a study of the Chao Phraya Delta (Hawaii U.P., pbk $22). 13.19 Probably the most important western language work for some years on this region is Nguyen Ngoc Huy and Ta Van Tai The Le Code; Law in Traditional Vietnam - A Comparative Sino- Vietnamese Legal Study with Historical-Judicial Analysis and Annotations ( 3 Vols. Ohio U.P., $175 the set). This definitive work contains a complete translation of the code of the Le dynasty (1428-1788) and accompanying scholarly analysis. The authors stress that, despite Chinese influence, Vietnam’s law codes contained unique material. Their monarchs controlled the population through village officials rather than household heads, and their laws were founded on a strong sense of the nation state. A neglected aspect of Vietnamese literary history is explored in J.A. Yeager, The Vietnamese Novel in French; a literary response to colonialism (New England U.P., $27.50). The chronic economic difficulties which Vietnam faced after independence are effectively analysed in A. Fforde and S.H. Paine, The Limits of National Liberation (Croom Helm, f25). This well-informed work demonstrates that Vietnam’s poverty was intensified by Soviet style organisation. As a result, Hanoi has become increasingly dependent on Chinese and Soviet aid. Economic policies in South Vietnam are examined in N. Anh Tuan, South Vietnam; Trial and Experience, a challenge for development (Ohio U.P., pbk $15). From the 1950s to 1972, American aid generated significant economic gains but as war intensified, destruction and corruption impeded development. The origins of American involvement are investigated in A.J. Rotter, The Path to Vietnam (Cornell U.P., $29.50). This monograph provides much new material on American policies towards south-east Asia and emphasises the impact of the Chinese Revolution on policy-making. D.

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Chanoff and’D. Van Toai, Portrait of the Enemy (Tauris, f14.95) provides novel insights into the history of North Vietnam. The authors utilise interviews with refugees, wartime interrogations and documents to illuminate North Vietnamese experiences before and during the war with the United States. Two American inquests into the war illustrate professional, military and revisionist viewpoints: L.J . Matthews and D.E. Brown (eds), Assessing the Vietnam War (Pergamon-Brassey, $22) contains 18 essays by members of the American military establishment whilst L.E. Grintner and P.M. Dunn (eds), The American War in Vietnam (N.Y.; Greenwood, $37.95) presents varied and inconsistent revisionist essays which are a useful counterweight to mainstream academic writing. D. Pike, Vietnam and the Soviet Union (ibid., $29.95) interprets the alliance as the product of international rivalries in which the Sino-Soviet dispute has exercised overwhelming influence.

13.20 Japan; pre-Kamakura and Kamukura Hisatoyo Ishida, Esoteric Buddhist Painting (Tokyo: Kodansha, $29.95) provides an excellent translation of A major Japanese work. Although well-illustrated, this study fails to distinguish sufficiently between Shingon and Tendai iconography. A valuable revisionist study of Japan’s ‘Reformation’ period is provided in R.E. Morrell, Early Kamakura Buddhism; a minor& report (N.Y: Asian Humanities P., $25). In contrast to earlier scholars who emphasised the role of new sects in the 12th and 13th centuries, Morrell highlights the enduring strengths of older schools of Buddhism. A useful contribution to the history of Pure Land Buddhism is Takamichi Takahatake, Young Man Shinran (Wilfred Laurier U.P., $17.50) which argues controversially that Shinran’!; thought was largely formulated in the early part of his life. Documentary material is published in Y. Ueda, The True Teaching, practice and realisation of the pure land way; a translation of Shinran’s Kyogyoshinsho (Kyoto: Hongwanji International Centre, Y2,OOO) which includes Buddhist sutras and comments on them. T.J. Cogan (tr.), The Tale of the Soga Brothers (Tokyo U.P., Y4,800) provides a 17th century version of a vendetta in 1193, which inspired much later literature. S.D. Carter, The Road to Komatsubara (Harvard U.P., $21) contains a sensitive transLation of poetry by Sogi, composed in 1492.

13.21 Japan (Princeton U.P., $30) provides a pioneering study of social and medical devlopments using temple registers and travellers’ accounts to analyse population movements. Janetta argues that Japan’s seclusion policy protected her from many epidemics and that delayed marriage constituted a conscious method of family limitation. Tetsuo Najita, Visions of Virtue in Tokugawa Japan (Chicago U.P., pbk $14.95) is a major contribution to intellectual history. His work focuses 011 a provincial academy which developed a nationwide reputation. Intellectual history is also explored in J.V. Koschmann, The Mito Ideology; discourse, reform and insurrection in late Tokugawa Japan, 1790-1864 (California U.P., $29.95). This scholarly and sophisticated work argues that Mito thought both strengthened and undermined Tokugawa political orthodoxy. An unexplored area of art hisirory in analysed in S . Addis, Tall Mountains and Flowing Waters (Hawaii U.P.), ;I study of a distinguished ink landscape painter. Life in remote Niigata is vividly described in Bokushi Suzuki, Snow Country Tales; life in the other Japan (N.Y: Weatherhill, $32.50), a translation of a work published in 1837 which not only explains the hazards of life on the Japan Sea coast but implicitly derides the poetic perceptions of snow amongst Japan’s literati.

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Tokugawa Japan A.B. Janetta, Epidemics and Mortality in Early Modern

X l l l The Middlc East. Asia, Australia. New Zraland. and the Pacific

13.22 Meiji Japan western Organisational Patferns to Meiji Japan (Harvard U. P., $25) is strikingly original in its comparison of Meiji Japan's press, police and postal systems with their European models. The religious dimension of Japanese-western relations is carefully delineated in N. Thelle, Buddhism and Christianity in Japan; from conflict to Dialogue, 1854-1899 (Hawaii U.P., $30). Despite its flawed English, Paulo Calvetti, The Ashio Copper Mine Revolt, I907 (Naples: Instituo Universitario Orientale, L50,OOO) is a significant contribution to the history of Japanese labour relations. Contrary to current myths of a natural harmony in Japanese industry, Calvetti describes a dispute which culminated in riots and explosions. Japanese perceptions of their society's modern transformation are vividly conveyed in T. Shimazaki, Before fhe Drrwn (Hawaii U.P., $30),a fictional treatment of the human impact of modernisation in the period 1853-86. 13.23 provided in the memoirs of Tayama Katai, (tr. K.G. Henshall) Literary Life in Tokyo, 1885-1915 (Leiden: E.J. Brill, DG190). Varied interpretations of Japan's most distinguished nineteenth century novelist are provided in Takehisa Iijima and J.M. Vardeman (eds), The World of Nafsume Soseki (Tokyo: Kinseido, Y4.500) - one of the most interesting essays describes Soseki's views of women writers. The visual turmoil of Meiji Japan was vividly illustrated by contemporary print-makers. See J.M. Pekarik, The World of the Mriji Print (N.Y: Weatherhill, $60). British views of Bakumatsu and Meiji Japan are carefully analysed in Toshio Yokoyoma, /uppan in the Victorian Mind; u study of the stereoryped images of a nation, 1850-80 (Macmillan, f27.50). Its most original conclusion is that commercial pressures often drove British writers to exaggerate the delicate exoticism of Tokugawa Japan. A rival anthology of 19th Century Western views is provided by H. Cortazzi, Victorians in Japan (Athlone, f20).

13.24 Modern Japan women writers. 1913-38 (Seattle! Seal P., pbk $9.95) contains a valuable anthology of stories, essays and extracts from novels which illustrate changes i n women's social and political position. L. Connors, The Emperor's Advisor; Saioriji Kinmochi and Pre-war Japanese politics (Croom Helm, f29.95) provides the first modern biography of a major liberal statesman. W.G. Beasley, Japanese Imperialism, 1894- 1945 (O.U. P., f25) analyses the inter-relationship between Japan's economic and military expansion using much new material. A. Iriye, The Origins of the Second World War in ,4sia and the Pacific (Longman, $12.95) is a masterly synthesis of recent scholarship in Asian and western languages. Iriye devotes particular attention to the weaknesses of Japanese diplomatic decision-making. T Cohen, Remaking Japan; the American occupation as New Deal (N.Y: Free P., $27.50) is an invaluable memoir which views the occupation from a radical standpoint. R.E. Ward and Y. Sakamoto (eds), Democratising Japan; the Allied Occupation (Hawaii U.P., $31), although somewhat dated, is a collection of essays containing particularly valuable conlributions on women's rights and local government. Although M. and S. Harries, Sheathing the Sword; the demilitarization of Post-war Japan (Macmillan, $24.95) uses no Japanese material, it constitutes a useful outline of demilitarisation policies. 13.25 S. Tsurumi, A cultural history of post-war Japan (K.P.I., $45) provides a compact, but original discussion of many aspects of popular culture. Tsurumi explores the surprising speed with which Japanese popular attitudes have changed in the post-war period. K. Yamamura and Y. Yasuba, The Political Economy of

D.E. Westney, Imitation and Innovation; the transfer of

An autobiographical work which illustrates both literary and social history is

Y. Tanaka (ed.), To live and fo wrife; selections by Japanese

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Japan Vol I. The Domestic Transformation (Stanford U.P., pbk $19.95) contains ten chapters surveying Japan’s social and political fabric. Despite its many strengths, this work underestimates America’s economic influence upon Japan’s development. R.J. Samuels, The business of the Japanese state; energy markets in comparutive and historical perspective (Cornell U.P., pbk $14.95) constitutes a pioneering study of policies towards oil, coal and electric power. Samuels demonstrates that private interests have often been more influential than government in the history of Japanese energy supplies. T. Havens, Fire across (he sea; the Vietnam War and Japan, 1965-75 (Princeton U.P., pbk $17.50) explores government and popular reactions to the conflict in Vietnam, placing great emphasis on the importance of the peace movement in the history of the Japanese Left.

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13.26 China Note: This review has been prepared by one of the editors of the Annual Bulletin rather than a specialist historian of China. It is a survey of the main publications of the year which ignores oriental language publications. 13.27 General K . Chao, Man and Land in Chinese History (Stanford U.P., $35) covers the last two millenia, interpreting Chinese history in the light of population pressure upon resources. J. Banister, China’s Changing Population (Stanford U.P., $49.50) provides an introduction to Chinese demographic history but concentrates on the recent decline in mortality rates and the efforts of the state to limit fertility and urban growth. H. Bielenstein, ‘Chinese historical demography, AD2-1982’ (Bull. Mus. Far Eastern Antiquities, 59) provides a superb analysis of the available evidence. P.B. Ebrey and J.L. Watson (eds), Kinship Organisation in late Imperial China, 1000-1940 (California U.P., 1986, $40) is the result of a 1983 conference which provides a rich variety of micro-studies of kinship patterns in Chinese society. 13.28 S.R. Schram (ed.), Foundations and Limits of State Power in Chino (School of Oriental and African Studs., f18) is also based on a conference in 1983 and provides a range of papers on imperialism, bureaucracy, ideology and legitimation in the traditional Chinese empire and after. B.E. Knight (ed.), Law and the Sfare in Traditional Emf Asia (Hawaii U.P., $20) includes E.L. Farmer on the complex social regulations of the Ming; the editor’s examination of appeal complexities in Sung China and other essays provide evidence for the influence of Chinese law codes throughout south-east Asia. J. Silbergeld, ‘Chinese Painting Studies in the West’ ( J . Asian Studs., 46) is a broadly focussed and useful review article. S.R. Ramsey, The Languages of China (Princeton U.P., $45) is a concise analysis of the linguistic divisions of China within a historical perspective. R. Hayhoe and M. Bastid (eds), China’s Education and the Indusfrialised World (N.Y: M.E. Sharpe, $37.50, pbk $16.95) provides surveys of the cross-cultural contacts between China and the west by 14 specialists between 1581 and 1981. 13.29 There are, as usual, careful philological studies of important Chinese texts. Wing-Tsit Chan gives an edited translation of Ch’en Ch’un’s Pei-hsi tzu-i, ithe Confucian Taoist verities as expounded by Chu Hsi and recorded by his most important student - Neo-Confucian Terms Explained (Columbia U.P., 1986, $35). I. Bloom (trans. and ed.), Knowledge Painfully Acquired (ibid., $35) is the text of a thinker and scholar of 16th Century Ming China in the Chu Hsi school. Huang Tsung Hsi and J. Ching (trans. and ed.), The Records of Ming Scholars (Hawaii U.P., f25.95) provides an important text within orthodox Confucianism from the transitional period between Ming and Manchu dynasties. D.D. Leslie, Islarn in Traditional China; a short history ro 1800 (Canberra College of Advanced Education, 1986, A$25) is constructed from extracts of the key texts upon the neglected subject of Islam in Chinese society,

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13.30 he-Sung China D. Twitchett and M. Loewe (eds), Cambridge History of China Vol I: The Ch’in and Han Empire, 221BC-AD220 (C.U.P., f60) provides 16 chapters by eminent sinologists summarising the latest research on this period; an introduction surveys the available sources. C.I. Beckwith, The Tibetan Empire in Cetitrul Asia (Princeton U.P., $38) is an authoritative analysis of the Tibetan monarchy from the 7th to the 9th Centuries and its influence upon the Tang. T.J. Allsen, Mongol Imperialism (Hawaii U.P.) is the more welcome study since it provides the only sustained analysis of the significant rule of the Grand Khan Mongke (1251-59).

13.31 Sung China W.W. Lo, An Introduction to the Civil Service of Sung China (Hawaii U.P., f34.20) was well received by reviewers. R.P. Hymes, Statesmen and Gentlemen; the elite of Fu-choo, Chiang-hsi, in northern and southern Sung (C.U.P. 1986, f30) is a regional study of the elite of today’s Kiangsi province which stresses its stability and continuity and the orientation of its activities away from the ’capital centredness’ under the northern Sung to a ‘provincial mindedness’ under the southern Sung. R.L. Davis, Court and Family in Sung China (Duke U.P., 1986, $37.50) provides what reviewers regarded as a first-rate political history of China under the southern Sung taking as its focus a dynasty of its councillors, the Shih. W.A. Brown, Wen Tien-hsiang; a biographical study of a Sung Patriot (San Francisco Chinese Materials Centre, 1986) provides a translation and edition of an illuminating text.

13.32 China under the Ming and Manchu Studies of Chinese society in the early modem period are developing considerable maturity. S. Naquin and E.S. Rawski, Chinese Sociery in the 18th Century (Yale U.P., $25) is an admirable student text. There are a number of studies on ‘Women in Qing Period China - a symposium’ (J. Asian Studs., 46) with contributions on pregnancy and childbirth from C. Furth, S. Mann on widowhood, and V.W. Ing on rape. The flowering of corporate charity in seventeenth and eighteenth century China is the subject of J.E Handlin Smith, ‘Benevolent Societies; the reshaping of chanty during the late Ming and early Ch’ing’ (J. Asian Studs. 46). S . Mann, Local Merchants and the Chinese Bureaucracy, 1750-1950 (Stanford U.P., $35) provides case studies of how China’s traditional society accommodated commercial activity. P.C. Perdue, Exhausting the Earth; State and Peasant in Hunan, 1500-1850 (Harvard U.P., $25) is a good study of the effects of overlorship upon peasantry and land. P.K. Crossley, ‘Manzhou yuanliu kao and the formalisation of the Manchu heritage’ (J. Asian Studs., 46) demonstrates how the Manchu past was structured and absorbed under the Ch’ing. D.H. Murray, Pirates of the South China Coast, 1790-1810 (Stanford U.P., $32.50) shows how serious the piracy in the South China seas became at the end of the eighteenth century. 13.33 Of western studies on China this year, none was more warmly received than J.W. Esherick, The Origins of the Boxer Uprising (California U.P., $45). Presenting the Boxer movement as arising from an amalgam of local traditions which became coopted by Manchu conservatives at court, Esherick’s study will remain the authoritative account of the Boxer movement for many years. The study of western economic influence in China in the late 19th century continues unabated. F.H.H. King, The Hong Kong Bank in late Imperial China, 1864-1902 (C.U.P.) could be read alongside E.H. Edwards, British Diplomacy and Finance in China, 1895-1944 (Hong Kong: O.U.P.) for the financial influences. R.Y. Eng, Economic Imperialism in China; silk production exports, 1861-1932 (California U.P., 1986, pbk $15)

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204 Annual Bulletin of Historical [Literature 73

attempts to prove that foreign business interests impeded reforms of the native industry in this period. H. Chang, Chinese Intellectuals in Crisis, 1890-1911 (California U.P., $37) provides an important and rich study which concentrates on the thought of four Chinese intellectuals, exploring the way in which they each responded to a ‘crisis of orientational order’ brought about by western int.rusions upon traditional China. M.B. Rankin, Elite Activism and Political Transformation in China; Zhejiang Province, 1865-1911 (Stanford U.P., $39.50) solidly documents the way in which the local notables in a coastal provinces south of Shanghai became politically motivated without the impetus of class rivalries or revolutionary activists.

13.34 The Chinese Revolution M.R. Risaino, China’s art of revolution; the mobilisation of discontent, 1927-8 (Duke U.P.) looks at the role of the CCP in the year between the Nanchung uprising and the 6th Congress. S.C. Averill, ‘Party, society and local elite in the Jiangxi Communist Movement’ ( I . Asian Stu,dF., 46) is a case-study of the provincial roots of Chinese communism whilst J.A. Fogel, Ai Ssu Chi’s Contribution fo the Development of Chinese Marxism (Harvard U.P., $14) is a powerful evocation of China’s influential populariser of Marxist-Leninism in the 1930s and 40s. Yung-Fa Ch’en, Making Revolution; the Communist Movement in Eastern and Central China, 1937-45 (California U.P., 1986, $60) tells us what actually happened during the anti-Japanese war of resistance whilst S . Levine, Anvil of Victory; the Communist Revolution in Manchuria, 1945-8 (Columbia U.P.) demonstrates effectively how communism spread with difficulty, dependent on the exceptional conditions created by the civil war. 13.35 A further volume of R. MacFarquhar and J.K. Fairbank (eds), Cambridge History of China vol 14. The People’s Republic, Part One: The Emergenct! of Revolutionary China, 1949-1965 (C.U.P., f60) is also greatly to be welcomed, providing a sure-footed series of contributions in a period whose historiography is still rapidly evolving. There is also, however, a text-book variously described by reviewers as exciting and illuminating - L. Dittimer. China’s Continuous Revofurion, 1949-1981 (California U.R, $35) - for its exploitation of the inner contradictions of China’s revolution. The first of a projected six volume set of M.Y.M. Kau and J.K. Leung (eds), The writings of Mao Zedong, 1949-65 Vol I, 1949-1955 (N.Y: M.E. Thorpe) provides the complete works, although it lhardly changes the overall perception of Mao. D.S.G. Goodman, Centre and Province in the People’s Republic of China (C.U.P., $39.50) shows how, despite decentralisation during the period of the Great Leap Forward, the centre remained the key to political change. P. Clark, Chinese Cinema; culture and politics since 1949 (C.U.P., $39.50) takes the story up to 1978 and provides a good filmography. F. Gipouloux, Les Cent Fleurs b l’usine; agitation ouvrihe et crise du rnodele soviitique en Chine, 1956-7 (Paris: Ec. Hautes Etudes Sc. SOC., M80) explores the participation of labour and trade unions in politics during the cultural revolution and the catastrophic results which appeared in the Great Leap Forward. A.F. Thurston, Enemies of the People; the ordeal of Intellectuals in China’s Great Cultural Revolution (N.Y: Knopf, $19.95) chronicles some of the human tragedies of the cultural revolution, also evoked in the personal testimony of G. Yuan, Born Red; a chronicle of the cultural revolution (Stanford U.P., $39.50, pbk $7.95).

13.36 Korea In 1987, there were two significant volumes published on Korea which examined two important issues in Korean history and political affairs, the Korean diaspora, and national re-unification. With the slow destruction of the

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Korean economy in the nineteenth century, many impoverished Korean farmers left the peninsula and settled in Manchuria and in what is now the Soviet Far East. Although the present condition of Koreans in China has been the subject of much discussion, less has been said about the condition and history of the Korean community in the USSR. The first book to examine this situation in a generation is D.S. Suh, Koreans in the Soviet Union (Hawaii U.P., $17, pbk $13). The question of the re-unification of the two parts of Korea is the subject of J. Sullivan and R. Foss, Two Koreas - One Future? (U.P. of America, $10.75). This surveys the history of the situation, describes the economies and military preparations of both nations and outlines a method to reduce tension on the peninsula and to achieve eventual re-unification. As this book was commissioned by the American Friends Service Committee, the proposal reflects a Quaker pacifist position. 13.37 Korean scholars writing for an English speaking audience have dealt with some critical issues in Korean history. ‘Reflections on Studies in Ancient Korean History: Colloquium of Five Historians’ (Korea J., 27) raises essential problems in the historiography of Korea. N.-H. Yoon ‘True Understanding of Old Chosdn’ (ibid) proposes a new theory about the location of the most ancient Korean state while J.-B. Kim ‘Formation of the Ethnic Korean Nation and (the) Coming of Its Ancient Kingdom States’ (ibid) re-examines the origin of the earliest Korean states.

(iii) Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Islands

Peter Lineham

13.38 Australia (Prices in Aus $ unless otherwse stated.) In advance of the bicentennial, the presses were very busy. Official bi-centennial series entitled Australians: a Historical Library (all published in Sydney by Fairfax, Syme & Weldon) included a very interesting series of ‘slice’ histories reflecting on the character of Australia every fifty years from many angles and by many authors. These included D.J. Mulvaney and J.P. White (eds), Australians to 1788 (1986); G. Davidson, J.W. McCarty and A. McLeary (eds), Australians 1888; B. Gammage and P. Spearritt, (eds), Australians 1938; A. Curthoys, A.W. Martin and T Rowse (eds), Australians frotn 1939 and three general works: G. Aplin, S.G. Foster and M. McKernan (eds), Australians: a historical dictionary; G. Aplin et a1 (ed.), Australians: events and places; D.H. Borchardt (ed.), Artstralians: a guide to sources. There was a special issue of the J. Australian Studs., entitled Visions of Australia: the 1880s, 1940s and 1970s eds S . Alomes and B. Bessant. For an analysis of local history writing see D. DeNoon, ‘The Isolation of Australian history’ ( H . Studr. 22). See also R.B. Ward, The back side of the Australian legend, (U. of New England, $2) for a short lecture and A. Atkinson (ed.), What went wrong? misdirections in Australian history (Sydney: Fairfax Library, $21.24).

13.39 From the doyen of the discipline, C.M.H. Clark, comes a further volume in his A History of Australia vol 6 The Old Dead Tree and the Young Tree Green 1916-1935 (Melbourne U.P., $35, pbk $25.95); and the first part of a trilogy by Russel Ward, Finding Australia: the history of Australia to 1827 (Richmond: Heinemann, $29.95) has appeared; (the third volume in this trilogy was published in 1977, A Nation for a Continent). Any number of shorter histories were produced, including C. Wilson, Australia 1788-1988: the creation of a notion (Weidenfeld, $46.56); J.N. Molony, The Penguin History of Australia: the story of

General Histories

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200 years (Kingswood: PenguinNiking, $29.95); ‘I Keneally, P. Adams-Smith and R. Davidson Australia: beyond the dreamtime (Melbourne: Heinernann, $39.95), and S. MacIntyre, The Oxford History of Australia, vol 4 1901-42 (Melbourne: O.U.P., $35). P. Carter, The Road to Botany Bay: an essay in spatial hisrory (Faber, $25.64), concerns the pre-European history of Australia.

13.40 The Foundations of European Australia One book achieved vast sales: R. Hughes, The Fatal Shore: a history of the transportation of convicts to Airrtralia 1787-1868 (Collins, $36.05). Others continued the debate on the motives for the Botany Bay settlement, including A. Frost, Arthur Phillip: 1738-1814: his voyaging (London and Melbourne: O.U.P., $40), and several articles, W. Nichol, ideology and the convict system in New South Wales’; R.J. King, “‘Ports of shelter and refreshment”: Botany Bay and Norfolk Island in British Naval strategy, 1786-1808’ and D. Neal, ‘Free society, penal colony, slave society, prison?’, all in H. Studs, 22; see also J.H. Moore, The first peer marines 1786-1792 (Queensland U.P.. $39.95).

13.41 Economic and Administrative History These included R. Maddcck and I.W. McLean (eds), The Australian Economy since 1900: performance and policies. (C.U.P.); J.J. Eddy and J. Nethercote (eds), From Colony to Colonker: studies in Australian administrative history (Sydney: Hale & Iremonger); I. Duffield, ‘The life and death of “Black” John Goff aspects of the black convict contribution to the resistance patterns during the transportation era in eastern Australia’ (Aust. 1. Pols & H., 33) A. Lougheed. ‘The Cyanide process and gold extraction in Australia and New Zealand’ (Airst. Ec. H. R., 27).

13.42 Aboriginal Studies were emphasised in the bicentennial volumes, and other works included a notable volume by H. Reynolds, Frontier: Aborigines, settlers and Land (Sydney: Allen & Unwin, pbk $24.95) which follows up his earlier book Beyond the Frontier, and concentrates more on the aboriginal dispossession from the land. Other works include J. Murphy, ‘Aborigines as historical actors: evidence and interference’ (H. Studs. 22); A.H. Campbell, John Batman and the 14borigines (Malmsbury: Kibble Books. $40, pbk $20), which examines the issue of land purchasing, S. Davies, ‘Aborigines, murder and the criminal law in early Port Phillip, 1841-1851’ (H. Studs., 22); A. McGrath, ‘Born in the Cattle’: Ab,origines in the cattle country (Sydney: Allen & Unwin, $17.95); R. Fisher (ed.), Brkbane: aboriginal, alien, ethnic (Brisbane History Group Papers).

13.43 Political History and Biography includes B.A. Santamaria, Australia at the crossroads: rflectiom of an outsider (Melbourne U.P., SlS), the autobiog,raphy of the controversial Catholic Labour leader, C. Hazelhurst, Gordon Chalk, a political life (Toowomba: Darling Downs Inst. P.); J.R. Ritchie, Lachlan Macquarie: a biography (Melbourne U.P., 1986); K.H. Kennedy, Mining tsar: the life and times of Leslie Urquhart (Sydney: Allen & Unwin).

13.44 Social and Cultural History continues to flourish. See J. Philipp, A Poor Man’s Diggings: mining and community at Bethanga, Victoria 1876-1922 (Hyland House); M. Lake, The limits of hope: soldier settlement in Victoria 1915-38 (Melbourne: O.U.P., $45) which tells of a project to settle former soldiers on the land. J. O’Hara, A mug’s game: a history of gaming and betting in Austrdia, (New South Wales U.P.). M. Carter and R. Maddock, ‘Leisure and Australian well-being 1911-81’ (Aust. Ec. H. Rev., 27) consists of an econometric model. On la.bour

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history, there were articles by R. Markey, M. Bray and M. Rimmer and J. Lee in successive issues of H. Studs., 22. C. Nylon, 'Worktime in the 1920s' (Aust. Ec. H . Rev., 27) looks at the political processes of shortening the working week. Urban history writing seems to have declined. S. Fitzgerald, Rising Damp: Sydney 1870-90 (Melbourne: O.U.P., $40) focuses on workers and their lives, but has been criticised in Aust. Ec. H. R. J. Davidson (ed.), The Sydney-Melbourne Book (Sydney: Allen & Unwin) is useful.

13.45 respectability: identifying the masculinist context' (H. Studs., 22) initiated an extensive debate in that journal. J . Golden, 'Sectarianism and purity within the woman's sphere: Sydney refuges during the late nineteenth century' (J. Rel. H . , 14); S. De Vries-Evans. Pioneer women, pioneer land: yesterday's tall poppies (Sydney: Angus 8i Robertson, $34.95).

13.46 1860-1930 (Wellington: Allen & Unwin, NZS24.95) studied a number of themes in religious culture. K.J. Cable and S. Judd, Sydney Anglicans: a history of the diocese (Sydney: Anglican Information Office, $16.95) explores this most evangelical of dioceses. J . West, Innings of grace: a life of Bishop W G . Hilliard (Rozelle: Standard P., $14.95) was the biography of a notable evangelical Anglican. J. Roe, Beyond Belief: Theosophy in Australia 1879-1939 (New South Wales U.P.) broke new ground, and other works included A.N. Patrick, 'Sources for religious history: Seventh-day Adventist history in the South Pacific: a review of sources' (J. Rel. H. 14) and J . Hosie, Challenge: the Marists in colonial Australia (Sydney: Allen & Unwin).

13.47 The States and regional histories M. French and D . Waterson, From the Frontier: a pictorial history of Queensland to 1920 (St Lucia: Queensland U.P.); H. Reynolds, Frontier (Sydney: Allen 8i Unwin); R. Evans, Loyalty and Disloyalty: social conflict on the Queensland Homefront 1914-18 (Sydney: Allen & Unwin, $17.95) looks primarily at racial conflict. E . Kwan. Living in South Australia: a social history (South Australian Government Printer); S. Loosley (ed.), Tradition for Reform in New South Wales (Leichardt: Pluto P.). Aicsr J. Pols. & H., 3311 has two articles on Queensland history: C. Bulbeck, 'Colin Clark and the Greening of Queensland', and W.L. Thorpe, 'Class and politics in recent Queensland historiography'.

13.48 Military Affairs and National Identity In the official history of Australians in the war of 1914-1918, two further volumes have been produced - vol. 9 The Royal Australian Navy and vol. 10 The Australians at Rabaul (both Queensland U.P., $44.95, pbk $24.95). See also J. Barrett, We were there: Australian soldiers of World War I1 (Viking); R. Gerster, Big-Noting: The heroic theme in Australian War Writing (Melbourne U.P., $34.95); K. Denton, For Queen and Commonwealth (Sydney: Time-Life Books, $26.90), covering Australian participation in 19th century wars; L. Arnold A Very Special Relationship: Britain's atomic weapon trials in Australia (London: H.M.S.O., f7.95).

13.49 Comparative History, based on links with other cultures, was stimulated by the forthcoming bicentennial, including 0. Macdonagh and W.E Mandle (eds). Ireland and Irish Australia: studies in cultural and political history (Croorn Helm);

207

Histories of Women and Gender Issues M. Lake, 'The politics of

Religion H. Jackson, Churches and people in Australia and New Zealand

208 Annual Bulletin of Historical Literature 73

P. O’Farrell, The Irish in Australia (Sydney: New South Wales U.P., $23.95); C. McConville, Croppies, Celts and Catholics: the Irish in Australia (Caulfield: E. Arnold); M.D. Prentis, The Scottish in Australia (Melbourne: A.E.P., $13.95); L. Paszkowski, Poles in Australia and Oceania 1790-1840 (Australian National U.P.); N. Radar, The Italians in Australia (Melbourne: A.E.P., $14.95); R. Lampugnani, ‘Postwar migration politics with particular reference to Italian migration to Australia’ (Aust. J . Pols & H. , 33); E. Duyker, The Dutch in Australia (Melbourne: A.E.P., $15.95); H.L. Rubinstein, Chosen: the Jews in Australia (Sydney: Allen & Unwin, $34.95). K. Sinclair (ed.), Tasman Relations: New Zealand and Australia, 1788-1988 (Auckland U.P., NZ$45) looks at cultural and political links. See also M.E Page and R. Ingpen, The Making of Australians (Knoxfield: Dent, $34.95).

13.50 Foreign Affairs Just three titles are worth noting here: R. Mannr:, The Petrov affair: politics and espionage (Sydney: Pergamon P.. $28.50); R.G. Ely, ‘The forgotten Nationalism: Australian civic Protestantism in the Second World War’ (J. Auwalian Studr., 20); and K. Sinclair (ed.). Tasman relations: New Zealund and Australia, 1788-1988 (Auckland U.P., NZ$45), covering a variety of comparative topics as well as diplomatic relations.

13.51 New Zealand (Prices in NZ $ unless otherwise stated.) Maori history: Growing interest in race relations is evident in the appearance of C. Orange, The treary of Waitangi (Wellington: Allen & Unwin, $24.95). which not only reiterates the circumstances of the signing of the 1840 document, but also shows how significant a role it played in Maori thinking subsequently. J. Wilson (ed.), From the beginning: the archaeology of the Maori (Auckland: Penguin, $32.50) is a useful survey; M.P.K. Sorrenson (ed.), Nu to hoa aroha, from your dear friend: the correspondence between Sir Apirana Ngata and Sir Peter 6:uck 1925-50 vol 2 (Auckland U.P., $45) is the second of three volumes of letters between these key Maori figures in general politics.

13.52 Early New Zealand History: of early MaorilEuropean contact in New Zealand (distributed by Benton Ross, PO Box 33-055, Auckland, $30) is a conventional account.

13.53 Later New Zealand History The New Zealand journal of history, 2111 was a special issue in tribute to the doyen of the country’s historians, Sir Keith !;inclair, and the articles mostly had a political orientation. J.H. Robb, The life and death 01 official social research in New Zealand 1936-1940 (Wellington: Victoria U. Occasional Papers in Sociology and Social Work No 7, $6) is an economic and administrative contribution. J. Phillips, A man’s country? The image of thc pakeha male - a history (Auckland: Penguin, $20) was a very imaginative work, exploring the distinctive ‘rugged but gentlemanly’ New Zealand version of the colonial image. A new history of education, R. Shuker, The one best system? A revisionisi history of state schooling in New Zealand (Palmerston North: Dunmore P.) took a marxist approach. J. Holt Compulsory arbitration in New Zealand: the first forty ywrs (Auckland U.P., $39.99, completed posthumously, is now the authoritative study of a distinctive aspect of labour history. J. Phillips (ed.), Te whenua, te iwi: the land and the people (Wellington: Allen & Unwin) presents key papers from the Stout Centre about Maori and European attitudes to culture and environment.

P. Bawden. The years before Waitangi: a srory

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13.54 Religious History Hugh Jackson‘s work is already noted (above 13.46). The first survey with illustrative documents was A.K. Davidson and P.J. Lineham (eds), Transplanted Christianity: documents illustrating aspects of New Zealand church history (Auckland: College Communications, $27.95). R. Fry. Out of the silence: Methodist women of Aotearoa (Christchurch: Methodist Publishing, $19.95) was a thorough work.

13.55 Family history at National Archives (Wellington: Allen & Unwin, $24.95). D. Scott, Seven lives on Salt River (Auckland: Hodder & StoughtonlSouthern Cross, $32.95) looks at European families in the Kaipara harbour in Northland, including the family of one time Prime Minister, Gordon Coates. R.C.J. Stone, The farher and his gift: John Logan Campbell’s later years (Auckland U.P., $39.95) is a second and equally well-written volume of a nineteenth century Auckland businessman.

1356 Regional Histories Include J. Lee, Hokianga (Auckland: Hodder & Stoughton).

13.57 The Pacific (Islands in alphabetical order.) General: There was continued writing in the anthropological tradition for the period before European contact from some of the leading authors, including P.S. Bellwood, ‘The impact of sea changes on Pacific prehistory’ (J. Pacijic H . , 22), W. Kyselka, An ocean in mind (Hawaii U.P.) which examines the Polynesian navigators, and N. Gunson, ‘Sacred women chiefs and female “headmen” in Polynesian history’ (J. Pacific H., 22). For the European discovery there were two popular works, 1. Cameron, Lost paradise: the exploration of the Pacific (Century), and L. Withey, Voyages of discovery: Captain Cook and the exploration of the Pacifc (ibid). R. Lanier’s Unto these islands of the sea: a history of the Latter-day Saints in the Pucijic (Salt Lake City: Desert Books, 1986) fills a gap; as do B. Alber and A. Graves, Crisis and change in the international sugar economy 1860-1914 (Norwich: ISCP), and M.C. Taylor and S. Durutalo, The political economy of the South Pacific to 1945 (James Cook U. of North Queensland).

13.58 Fiji: There were two minor works, B. Knapman, Fiji’s economic history, 1874-1939 (Canberra: Australian National University Pacific Research Monograph no 5); and T. Properjohn, ‘Contemporary impact Fiji 1874-1987’ (Defence Force J., 67).

13.59 Hawaii: (Hawaii U.P.), was translated from the French, and the annexation is discussed in W.E.H. Tagupa, ‘Hawaii and the United States Supreme Court: three cases on law, history and the United States constitution’ (Pacfic Studs., 11). Kiribati: D. Munro and S. Firth, ‘From company rule to consular control: Gilbert Island I. ‘i b ourers on German plantations in Samoa, 1867-96’ (J. Imperial & Commonwealth H. , 16). Melanesia: Writings included M. Stephen (ed.). Sorcerer and witch in Melanesia (Melbourne U.P.); R. Shlomowitz, ‘Time-expired Melanesian labour in Queensland: an investigation of job turnover 1884-1906’ (J. Pacific H. . 22); C . Moore, Kanaka: a history of Melanesian Mackay (Boroko: Inst. of PNG Studies.) Micronesia: R.J. Parmentier, The sacred remains: myth, history and polity in Belau (Chicago U.P., US$49.95) approaches the history of this small island from 311

anthropologist’s perspective. New Caledonia: The history of this embattled French

Biography For a handbook see N. Frean, M. Sayers and B. Ralston,

G. Sauvin, A tree in bud: the Hawaiian kingdom 1689-1993,

210 Annual Bulletin of Historical Literature 73

colony reflects current issues. See E Semur, ‘Les pas de I’organisations judiciaire en Nouvelle-Caltdonie sous le Second Empire (1853-1870)’ (Bulletin de la Societk d’Etudes Historiques de la Nouvelle Calkdonie 69 and 70). J. Connell, New Caledonia or Kanaky?: the political history of a French colony (Pacific Research Monograph 16, Australian National U., A$25). Papua New Guinea: While other aspects of Pacific history are on the wane, PNG continues to attract many writers, including J. Barker, ‘Cheerful pragmatists: Anglican missionaries among the Maisin of Collingwood Bay, Northeastern Papua, 1898-1920’ (J. Pacific H . 22); M. Hess. ‘Developing credible unionism in Papua-New Guinea: the Central District Waterside Workers Union in 1972: (ibid) R. Radford, Highlanders and foreigners in the Upper Ramu: the Kainantu area 1919-1942 (Melbourne U.P., AS29.90). K.J. Bade writes about the early days of culture contact in the Highlands in ‘Culture, cash and Christianity: the German colonial experience and the case of th’e Rhenish Mission in New Guinea’ (Pacific Studs., 10). Samoa: M. Meleisea and P.S. Meleisea (eds), Lagaga: a short history of Western Samoa (Fiji: Institute of Pacific Studs., U . of the South Pacific) is the new standard history. See also M. Boyd, ‘Racial attitudes of New Zealand officials in Western Samoa’ (New Zealand J . H . , 2); P. Schoeffel. ‘Rank, gender and politics in ancient Samoa: the genealogy of Salamisina 0 Le Tafa’ifi’, ( J . Pacific H . , 22). Solomons: J.A. Bennett, Wealth of the Solomons: a history of a Pacific archipelago, 1800-1978 (Pacific Islands monographs no. 3, Hawaii U.P.). Tahiti: J-E Bare, Tahiti les temps et les pouvoirs: pour une anthropologie historique du Tahiti post-Europeen (Paris: Editions de I’ORSTOM.) Tonga: two articles in J . Pac$c H . , 2U4: P. Herda, ‘Gender, rank and power in 18th century Tonga: the case of Tupoumohoefo’; and E.W. Ellem, ‘Queen Salote Tupou of Tonga as Tu’i Fefine’. E.N. Ferdon. Early Tongii as the explorers saw it, 1616-1810 (Arizona U.P., USS29.95); C.J. Weeks, ‘The \United States occupation of Tonga. 1942-1945’ (Pacific H . Rev., 56). Tuvalu: D. Munro, ‘The lives and times of resident traders in Tuvalu: an exercise in history from below’ (Pacific Studs., 10). Vanuatu: M . Jolly, ‘The forgotten women: a history of migrant labour and gender relations in Vanuatu’ (Oceania, 58).