Economic Activity By Segment, 2006

Employment

HVAC in non-residential Buildings >95,000Domestic Air-conditioning >15,990

Cold Storage ~5620Drivers of Refrigerated Transport ~16,400

Auto Air > 24,000

TOTAL ESTIMATED DIRECT EMPLOYMENT ~ 157,000

Expenditure

HVAC in non-residential Buildings ~$7,100,000,000

$3,661,067,043

$747,217,018

~$3,201,494,000Bulk Gas Imports ~

Energy Spend (exluding non-residential HVAC)~ $1,248,160,000

TOTAL ESTIMATED DIRECT SPENDING ~ $15,957,938,061

Installed cost of airconditioning equipment (exluding gas ducted heating) Exl GST

Estimated Expenditure on Domestic Refrigerators and Freezers

Wages for employees other than in HVAC for non-residential buildings

COMMENTARYBecause there are several areas for which there is simply not sufficient data to make any reasonable deductions at this point, these numbers are likely to be somewhat conservative.

It is felt that all of the major areas of employment and expenditure are captured here, although estimates of employment are thought to be conservative. However there are significant specialist areas for which insufficient data is presently available and which could add materially to these conclusions.

Major specialist areas for employment, sales of technology, engineering services and economic activity for which we presently have no certainty that we have collected accurate data includes:

- Sales, service and installation of small cool rooms - not in the cold chain and supermarkets- Commercial Aviation - domestic and international flights serviced here- Mining and in mine machinery- Marine Systems - domestic, international, commercial and private vessels equipped and serviced here- Ancillary sales and service for control systems, sensors, filters, chemicals, specialist cleaning- Military vehicles, equipment and systems

COMMENTARYBecause there are several areas for which there is simply not sufficient data to make any reasonable deductions at this point, these numbers are likely to be somewhat conservative.

It is felt that all of the major areas of employment and expenditure are captured here, although estimates of employment are thought to be conservative. However there are significant specialist areas for which insufficient data is presently available and which could add materially to these conclusions.

Major specialist areas for employment, sales of technology, engineering services and economic activity for which we presently have no certainty that we have collected accurate data includes:

- Sales, service and installation of small cool rooms - not in the cold chain and supermarkets- Commercial Aviation - domestic and international flights serviced here- Mining and in mine machinery- Marine Systems - domestic, international, commercial and private vessels equipped and serviced here- Ancillary sales and service for control systems, sensors, filters, chemicals, specialist cleaning- Military vehicles, equipment and systems

Domestic Refrigerators and Freezers13,000,000

Domestic and Small Commercial Airconditioning5,638,669

Chillers 22,450

Volume of Cold Storage

Number of Supermarket Cold Store installations3,675

Farm, Catering and Shop Coolrooms 22,853

821,500

Refrigerated Vehicles 16,418

Passenger Vehicles with Airconditioning 10,293,770

Estimates of Installed Base of Various Machinery by Segment, 2006

9,460,000 m3

Self Contained Commercial Refrigeration Equipment

Energy Consumption & Emissions by Segment

Air Conditioning: Domestic 5,248 4.69Air Conditioning: Commercial 17,437 15.57Cold Food Chain 10,773 9.62Other Refrig. Cycle Equip. 2,111 1.89Auto Air (excl. Train/Marine/Aviation/Defence) - 1.86Domestic Refrigeration 9,470 8.46

Total Energy Consumption in GWh/pa and GHG Mt CO2-e pa 45,039 40

Note: Expand Tabs on left hand of screen for detail.

Energy Consumption

GWh/a

Fuel combustion (scope 1) and/or electricity (scope 2) emissions Mt

CO2-e pa

Data highlighted in blue throughout spread-sheet could benefit from further investigation to improve accuracy of estimates.

Refrigeration technology consumed about 15% of all electricity consumed worldwide, Coulomb, D. 2005. A word from the director. Int. J. Refrig. 25: 973-976.

Air Conditioning Energy Calculations (kWh/a)

QLD NSW & ACT VIC TAS

WHS System Res kWh/a 1,175,420,849 709,456,001 464,719,369 46,063,264WHS System Comm kWh/a 1,111,806,384 977,325,126 683,362,770 61,022,011Window/Wall Units kWh/a 578,286,857 160,848,000 63,509,429 2,872,286Portable kWh/a 38,833,888 10,795,380 4,272,084 190,869Split System: Res kWh/a 377,362,250 387,185,351 134,123,359 22,408,945Split System: Comm kWh/a 1,167,220,604 1,744,179,726 644,946,486 97,076,012VRV System KWh/a 56,066,630 88,365,742 33,212,317 5,063,743RT Package kWh/a 622,309,048 549,008,355 799,737,332 13,532,607Precision A/C kWh/a 215,085,375 388,040,625 273,845,813 26,608,500Chillers kWh/a 926,382,724 1,671,309,039 1,179,466,664 114,604,048Total by State 6,147,142,753 6,467,074,427 4,126,334,443 374,395,045% by State 28% 29% 19% 2%

Assumptions for Sensitivity Analyisis

WHS System Window/Wall Refrig. Portable Split System

EER 2.6 2.45 2.45 2.6COP 2.9 - - 2.9Av. Capacity kW 5.9 3.5 2.5 15.0Existing Stock 3,316,000 2,234,000 210,000 838,000% Commercial Applications 25% 20% - 50%

Commercial ApplicationsSplit Systems, RT Package & Chillers WHS Systems

Run Time Business Mix Equiv. Hrs/day Weighted Av. Hrs Run Time

Energy Calculations & References:Calculation method used was as follows:Energy Consumed (Residential) = # Existing Stock in Region x Typical Run Hr in Region p.a. x Av. Capacity kWr/COP or EER This calculation was undertaken for heating & cooling, total energy consumed was the sum of the two. Assumptions are noted in embedded comments & tables below A similar method was used for commercial, however rather than run hours per region, an effective operating time per day was estimated x 365 days.

Other ReferencesEnergy Strategies, 2007, previous conservative estimates of Commercial Air Conditioning (based on top down approach) are 21.9 to 25.5 Mt CO2e pa. (approx. 62.8PJ = 17,452GWh/a to 73.2PJ = 20,321GWh/a).

MEPS AC, 2002 pp 10. According to recent studies, airconditioning is estimated to represent approximately (approx. 3.4PJ = 956 GWh/a) 1.2Mt CO2-e for the residential sector and (approx. 70PJ = 19,444 GWh/a) 24.4Mt CO2-e for the commercial sector in 2000.

Status of AC in Australia, 2005 pp 26. Annual energy savings in 2018 are projected to be 782 GWh per year with emissions down by about 0.61 Mt CO2-e per year; for total savings of 7,970 GWh and 6.2 Mt CO2-e. pp 32, estimate Energy consumption of Air Conditioners in 2004 to be 4.6 PJ (1278 GWh/a) in the residential sector, data did not take into account any MEPS reductions. These two pieces of data from same report appear to contradict???

MEPS Close Control AC, 2004 pp4. It is estimated that approximately 3000 roof top packaged air conditioners are sold each year in Australia (over 18kWr), with the average size of 60 kWr (PB closer to 45kW, same as precision). Hence the market for close control air conditioners is approximately 15% of this total market (PB closer to 20%). This makes close control air conditioners relatively significant in terms of energy usage as the average utilization of close control air conditioners is typically 2 to 4 times (PB our analysis used 2.4 times) more than comfort air conditioners. Hence, energy consumption from close control air conditioners could be 10 to 20 % (PB 20% x 2.4 = 48%, close control is more significant) of the energy usage attributed to package air conditioners.

MEPS Heatpumps - 2004, pp 2Energy consumption from heat pumps in 2002 is estimated to be over 600 GWh/a and forecast to grow to 1,100 GWh in 2010. Heat pumps are typically replacing electric resistive heating and solid fuel heaters as the main heating source.

24hrs/365days 7.5% 24 1.80 24hrs/365days 12hrs/365days 22.5% 11.7 2.63 12hrs/365days 12hrs/252days 70% 8.3 5.81 12hrs/252days

10.2425Operating Capacity Bins % Operating Time Weighted Av. Operating Capac

100% 1% 1.0% 100%75% 42% 31.5% 75%50% 45% 22.5% 50%25% 12% 3.0% 20%0% 0% 0.0% 0%

100% 58.0%Effective Operating Hrs/day 5.9 Effective Opera

SA NT WA Total

153,193,923 225,743,077 286,888,314 3,061,484,796225,070,743 74,843,236 421,616,896 3,555,047,166 6,616,531,96240,850,286 127,657,143 112,019,143 1,086,043,1432,727,129 8,832,377 7,496,406 73,148,133

118,476,399 64,487,510 140,168,157 1,244,211,971569,204,172 69,915,335 673,617,299 4,966,159,634 6,210,371,60628,622,181 3,303,875 33,056,344 247,690,832

195,310,069 59,696,453 327,553,626 2,567,147,49184,260,250 11,086,875 109,760,063 1,108,687,500

362,912,820 47,751,687 472,741,700 4,775,168,6821,732,978,378 687,047,884 2,522,848,080 22,057,821,010

8% 3% 11% 100%

VRV Systems Precision AC RT Package

2.6 2.6 2.6 - -2.9 - 2.9 3.4 3.8

30.0 45.0 47.6 339 10469,900 13,500 68,400 2,900 6,950100% - 100% 100% 100%

WHS SystemsBusiness Mix Equiv. Hrs/dayWeighted Av. Hrs

Chillers < 530 kW

Chillers > & = 530 kW

Energy Calculations & References:Calculation method used was as follows:Energy Consumed (Residential) = # Existing Stock in Region x Typical Run Hr in Region p.a. x Av. Capacity kWr/COP or EER This calculation was undertaken for heating & cooling, total energy consumed was the sum of the two. Assumptions are noted in embedded comments & tables below A similar method was used for commercial, however rather than run hours per region, an effective operating time per day was estimated x 365 days.

Other ReferencesEnergy Strategies, 2007, previous conservative estimates of Commercial Air Conditioning (based on top down approach) are 21.9 to 25.5 Mt CO2e pa. (approx. 62.8PJ = 17,452GWh/a to 73.2PJ = 20,321GWh/a).

MEPS AC, 2002 pp 10. According to recent studies, airconditioning is estimated to represent approximately (approx. 3.4PJ = 956 GWh/a) 1.2Mt CO2-e for the residential sector and (approx. 70PJ = 19,444 GWh/a) 24.4Mt CO2-e for the commercial sector in 2000.

Status of AC in Australia, 2005 pp 26. Annual energy savings in 2018 are projected to be 782 GWh per year with emissions down by about 0.61 Mt CO2-e per year; for total savings of 7,970 GWh and 6.2 Mt CO2-e. pp 32, estimate Energy consumption of Air Conditioners in 2004 to be 4.6 PJ (1278 GWh/a) in the residential sector, data did not take into account any MEPS reductions. These two pieces of data from same report appear to contradict???

MEPS Close Control AC, 2004 pp4. It is estimated that approximately 3000 roof top packaged air conditioners are sold each year in Australia (over 18kWr), with the average size of 60 kWr (PB closer to 45kW, same as precision). Hence the market for close control air conditioners is approximately 15% of this total market (PB closer to 20%). This makes close control air conditioners relatively significant in terms of energy usage as the average utilization of close control air conditioners is typically 2 to 4 times (PB our analysis used 2.4 times) more than comfort air conditioners. Hence, energy consumption from close control air conditioners could be 10 to 20 % (PB 20% x 2.4 = 48%, close control is more significant) of the energy usage attributed to package air conditioners.

MEPS Heatpumps - 2004, pp 2Energy consumption from heat pumps in 2002 is estimated to be over 600 GWh/a and forecast to grow to 1,100 GWh in 2010. Heat pumps are typically replacing electric resistive heating and solid fuel heaters as the main heating source.

0.0% 24 050% 11.7 5.8550% 8.3 4.15

10% Operating Time @Weighted Av.

40% 40.0%10% 7.5%10% 5.0%10% 2.0%30% 0.0%

100% 54.5%5.5

Product Type Av. Value

Split Systems 15.0 133,395 15% 3,189 35 5,187,583VRV Systems 30.0 3,000 25% 17,000 - -Wall Hung Split Systems 5.9 655,500 20% 1,050 12 10,488,000Window/Wall Units 4.5 166,807 Decline 450 6 944,382RT Packaged 47.6 4,675 1% 8,252 - -Evaporative Coolers 14.0 70,000 Decline 1,100 18 1,260,000Gas Ducted Heaters 23.5 62,217 6% 1,200 24 1,571,798Chillers < 530 kW 339 192 7.5% - - -Chillers > & = 530 kW 1046 415 7.5% - - -Refrigerated Portable 2.5 30,000 10% plus 440 0 -Precision Control A/C 45.0 960 5% 35,000 - -

19,451,763Miscellaneous:

Heat Pump Swimming Pool 18.0 900 4% - -

Av. Size Cooling

(kW)

Quantity (Units)

p.a.

NomimalGrowth

(%)

Av. Man Hrs per Install (Res & LC)

Total Man Hrs to Install (Res & LC)

This data was collected via extensive interviews with industry sources and used in conjunction with import data from DEWR, import statistics from ABS and some earlier estimates of installed devices from a variety of studies.

There is still a degree of conflict between import data and sales in some classes of equipment which is likely to be as a result of the drawdown of inventories. It is widely reported for instance that towards the end of 2006 suppliers had close to exhausted all stocks in inventory.

Numbers in blue are still under investigation or further data is coming that may change the value presently recorded.

The industry gain accurate information as follows:- Market leaders with a significant share & years of experience have a good understanding of market sizes/details by product category- Unit volumes & typical sizes are estimated at industry gatherings such as MEPS committees- Several product categories are recorded by Informark, this information is only available to members that subscribe, participants can estimate total market data by estimating participation rate.

$1,293,527,273 90% 148,217 $472,643,333 70% 12 838,000 6,210- 100% 3,000 - 100% 15 9,900 248

$1,870,360,000 75% 874,000 $917,700,000 100% 10 3,316,000 6,617$221,929,770 na 157,397 $70,828,650 100% 12 2,234,000 1,086

- 90% 5,194 - 40% 20 68,400 2,567$252,000,000 na 70,000 $77,000,000 10% 13 823,000 -$209,573,053 95% 65,492 $78,589,895 15% 15 675,700 -

- na 192 - n.a. 20 2,900 627- na 415 - n.a. 25 6,950 4,148

$23,250,000 na 30,000 $13,200,000 100% 7 210,000 73- na 960 - 95% 15 13,500 1,109

$3,870,640,095 $1,629,961,878 22,685

na - ? 10 9000

Consumer Spend

(Res & LC) Excl. GST

Est. Participation Rate

Est. Quantity

Sold (Units)

Wholesale Value p.a. Excl. GST

Est. Imported

(%)

Est. Av. Life (Yrs)

Existing Stock

Equipment

Energy Consumption

GWh/a

This data was collected via extensive interviews with industry sources and used in conjunction with import data from DEWR, import statistics from ABS and some earlier estimates of installed devices from a variety of studies.

There is still a degree of conflict between import data and sales in some classes of equipment which is likely to be as a result of the drawdown of inventories. It is widely reported for instance that towards the end of 2006 suppliers had close to exhausted all stocks in inventory.

Numbers in blue are still under investigation or further data is coming that may change the value presently recorded.

The industry gain accurate information as follows:- Market leaders with a significant share & years of experience have a good understanding of market sizes/details by product category- Unit volumes & typical sizes are estimated at industry gatherings such as MEPS committees- Several product categories are recorded by Informark, this information is only available to members that subscribe, participants can estimate total market data by estimating participation rate.

R22 R407C R410A3,151 231 591

- - -4,228 - 1,2441,877 - -

- - -na na nana na na- - -- - -

74 - 32- - -

9,330 231 1,867

Existing Stock Refrigerant

(Res & LC) (Tons)

This data was collected via extensive interviews with industry sources and used in conjunction with import data from DEWR, import statistics from ABS and some earlier estimates of installed devices from a variety of studies.

There is still a degree of conflict between import data and sales in some classes of equipment which is likely to be as a result of the drawdown of inventories. It is widely reported for instance that towards the end of 2006 suppliers had close to exhausted all stocks in inventory.

Numbers in blue are still under investigation or further data is coming that may change the value presently recorded.

The industry gain accurate information as follows:- Market leaders with a significant share & years of experience have a good understanding of market sizes/details by product category- Unit volumes & typical sizes are estimated at industry gatherings such as MEPS committees- Several product categories are recorded by Informark, this information is only available to members that subscribe, participants can estimate total market data by estimating participation rate.

Ownership (Ratio of Existing Stockto the # Households)Number of Households (000's) Qld NSW & ACT Vic Tas NT SA WA AustProjected Family Households, 2006 1,583.1 2,773.3 1,975.6 202.8 67.2 649.0 806.3 8,057.3WHS System 751,074 696,360 494,913 44,766 49,740 159,168 290,979 2,487,000Window/Wall Units 539,734 500,416 355,653 32,170 35,744 114,381 209,102 1,787,200Portable 63,429 58,775 41,866 3,741 4,328 13,363 24,488 209,990Split System 94,844 149,482 56,183 8,566 5,589 48,418 55,919 419,000Sub Total AC all Types (excl. Evap.) 1,449,081 1,405,033 948,615 89,243 95,401 335,330 580,489 4,903,190Evaporative Coolers 217,362 210,755 142,292 13,386 14,310 50,299 87,073 735,479Total AC all Types 1,666,443 1,615,787 1,090,907 102,629 109,711 385,629 667,562 5,638,669Air Cond. Units per Household 2006 1.05 0.58 0.55 0.51 1.63 0.59 0.83 0.70

There are several factors that effect the Ownership Ratio Calculation:- Existing Stock Calculations & assumptions- Proportion of WHS Systems, Split Systems & Window Wall units assigned to Residential & Commercial (see sensitivity analysis below)- Weakness in the Evaporative Cooler data

Existing Stock Calculations & assumptions:Assumed 100% of systems imported or manufactured were in service for the nominal warranty period (for domestic applications) then discounted the % in service to a typical life span. Existing Stock is calculated on AC Calculation WSheet, summary of assumptions used for calculations was as follows:-

Split Systems (Warranty period: majors = 5 yrs/minors = 3 yrs, used 4 yrs), then discounted to 70% at 10 years & 60% at 12 years)WHS Systems (Warranty period: majors = 5 yrs/minors = 3 yrs, used 4 yrs), then discounted to 60% at 10 yearsWindow/Wall (Warranty period: 3 yrs), then discounted to 65% at 10 years & 55% at 12 years)Evaporative Coolers (Warranty period: 3 yrs), then discounted to 70% at 10 years & 60% at 12 years)

Existing Stock can be subjective as units can still be installed, however not operated or only used occasionally (a good example of this is a wall unit replaced by a WHS System, wall units are rarely replaced in a domestic application as it involves re-plastering & filling the external hole at a cost of $500 to $1,000).

There is limited research in this area, however one reference is as follows: Status of AC in Australia, EES, 2005 pp12 Studies undertaken by Test Research in 1995 indicate the av. age of AC's to be 8 years, with the av, retirement age of 12 to 18 years (depending on installation, type), which was broadly consistent with BIS Shrapnel Data collected in 2004. Until a more comprehensive study is undertaken intuition from industry Product Managers & Service Managers is the best guide.

Proportion of WHS Systems, Split Systems & Window Wall units assigned to Residential & CommercialHighly recommend a survey of major suppliers (incl. Daikin, Fujitsu, Mitsubishi, Carrier, etc.) to obtain a better understanding of the % of Commercial AC to domestic applications. The major players will have an indication of this split as they offer different warranties & have different departments for residential & commercial. The estimated ratios were as as follows:WHS Systems = 25%, Window/Wall Units = 20% & Split Systems = 50% Commercial alters the "macro data".Av. Devices per Household of 0.70, Total Energy Consumed for Commercial = 17,654 GWh/a & Residential = 5,248 GWh/a

Amending the ratios to WHS Systems = 20%, Window/Wall Units = 15% & Split Systems = 40% CommercialAv. Devices per Household of 0.75, Total Energy Consumed for Commercial = 15,878 GWh/a & Residential = 5,755 GWh/a

Amending the ratios to WHS Systems = 30%, Window/Wall Units = 25% & Split Systems = 50% Commercial alters the "macro data".Av. Devices per Household of 0.66, Total Energy Consumed for Commercial = 18,414 GWh/a & Residential = 4,989 GWh/a

Weakness in the Evaporative Cooler dataHave applied 15% of all AC types to estimate Evap Coolers (excl. portable). This estimate is a significant weakness in this analysis. Further data is required to qualify Existing Stock & correct distribution by state. Evap. Coolers are popular in WA, SA & rural NSW/Qld/Vic where humidity is low. Distribution by state is very different to other AC types. The ownership ratio would increase if we were to include portable evaporative coolers in the analysis (have excluded them in this analysis as they are inexpensive, consume very little power & in some cases provide marginally better cooling than a pedestal fan).

Split Systems

Brand Model Type (Reverse Cycle)

Hitachi RAS-6H 16.0 Split System Inverter R410AHitachi RAS-140 15.3 Split System Const Spd R407CLennox HP29-048 14.1 Split System Const Spd R22Daikin RY140LUY1 14.5 Split System Const Spd R22Daikin RMXS140 & 160 14.0 & 15.5 Split System Inverter - Multi R410AMitsubishi Electric - 15.2 Split System Const Spd R22

Refrigerant Type Refrig. Ratio Tons of Refrig

R22 80% 4.7 3,150.9R407C 5% 5.5 230.5R410A 15% 4.7 590.8

Existing Stock = 838,000Assume ratio of installed base of refrigerants R22: R407C: R410 = 80:5:15Assume av. pipe length = 15mAverage nominal cooling capacity of 15.0 kW

WHS Systems

Brand Model Type (Reverse Cycle)

Lennox LNC050C2 5.0 WHS System Const Spd R22Lennox LNC062C2 6.2 WHS System Const Spd R22Hitachi RAS51CHA3 5.1 WHS System Const Spd R22Hitachi RAS63CHA4 6.3 WHS System Const Spd R22Daikin RY50GA 5.2 WHS System Const Spd R22Daikin RY60GA 6.2 WHS System Const Spd R22

Av.Lennox LNE047V1 4.7 WHS System Inverter R410AHitachi RAS50YHA 5.0 WHS System Inverter R410AHitachi RAS60YHA 6.0 WHS System Inverter R410AMitsubishi MSZ-A18YV 5.0 WHS System Inverter R410AMitsubishi MSZ-A24YV 6.0 WHS System Inverter R410ADaikin FTKSXS50 5.0 WHS System Inverter R410ADaikin FTKSXS60 6.0 WHS System Inverter R410A

Av.

Nom. Cooling Capacity

(kW)

Refrig. Type

Av.Charge per Installed

System

Nom. Cooling Capacity

(kW)

Refrig. Type

Refrigerant Type Refrig. Ratio Tons of Refrig

R22 75% 1.7 4,227.9R410A 25% 1.5 1,243.5

Existing Stock = 3,316,000Assume ratio of installed base of refrigerants R22: R410A = 75:25Assume av. pipe length = 5mAverage nominal cooling capacity of 5.9 kW

Window/Wall & Portable

Brand Model Refrig. Type

Lennox LNC0503702201 3.7 Window R22 980Lennox LNC0504802201 4.8 Window R22 1400Mitsubishi Electric MWH12KV 3.5 Window R22 900Electrolux EWJ18CRA 5.3 Window R22 1000LG LWG050AC-6 1.73 Window R22 300LG LWC122RC-6 3.52 Window R22 520LG LWM185RC-6 4.5 Window R22 780

Av. 840

Refrigerant Type Tons of Refrig

R22 Window 100% 0.84 1,876.6R410A Window 0% - -R22 Portable 70% 0.5 73.5R410A Portable 30% 0.5 31.5

Existing Stock (Window/Wall) = 2,234,000Existing Stock (Portable) = 210,000

Av.Charge per Installed

System

Nom. Cooling Capacity

(kW)

Type (Reverse

Cycle)

Pre-Charge

(g)

Type (Reverse Cycle)

Refrig. Ratio

Av.Charge per Installed System

3800 30 110 -4700 7.5 - -4050 4.6 - -4100 30 - 50/305100 0 - -5000 30 - -

1740 5 30 101930 5 30 101400 8 25 15/51650 8 20 15/51550 10 - 30/151750 5 - 30/1516701170 5 30 101400 20 0 20/101420 20 5 30/101800 7 20 30/151800 7 20 30/151500 10 20 30/201500 10 20 30/201513

Pre-Charge

(g)

Pre-Charge Length

(m)

Additional Charge (g/m)

Max Pipe Run (m)

Length/Height

Pre-Charge

(g)

Pre-Charge Length

(m)

Additional Charge (g/m)

Max Pipe Run (m)

Length/Height

Chiller Applications Nominal Size

Commercial Air Conditioning Med/LargeProcess Chilling (Food Chain)

Dairy Industry Small/MedMilk Harvesting and Storage Small/MedMilk Processing Small/MedCream Cheese Industry Small/Med

Horticultual Products Small/MedFruit & Veg Small/MedBrewing and Winemaking Small/Med/LargeFood processing (Confectionary Small/MedDrinks, Fruit Juice, Chilled Wate Small/Med

Abattiors & Meat Processors (inc. p LargeAqua Culture & Seafood Small/MedIce Making (small) Small

Industrial ApplicationsOther Applications

Estimated Australian Market Size 2005/06

Annual # Chillers Imported/Manufactured

Capacity W.C. A.C.KwR # units # units< 110 Small 19 356>110-350

Medium27 248

>350-528 60 240> 528-700

Large

50 175>700-1055 65 55>1055-1750 92 10>1750-3517 35 0>3517-7034 6 0Total 354 1084

Disection of Chillers by Size/ApplicationsSmall: 50% Food Chain, 50% Industrial/Other # units Av. kW< 110 375 60

Medium: 33.3%ea. Comm. AC, Food Chain, Industrial/O # units Av. kW>110-350 275 230>350-528 300 439

575 -

Large: 85% Commercial AC & 7.5% Food, 7.5% Ind/Oth # units Av. kW> 528-700 225 614>700-1055 120 878>1055-1750 102 1402>1750-3517 35 2634>3517-7034 6 5276

Chiller Analysis & Assumptions:The following process was undertaken in conjunction with discussions with industry (Manufacturers & Contractors): 1. Chillers were broken into 3 categories by capacity (Small <110kW; Medium between 110 & 528kW; Large >528kW) 2. Chillers were placed into 3 Market sectors (Commercial AC; Process Chilling in Food Chain; Industrial & Other applications)3.Chiller Applications were classified as large, medium & small & an estimate made of Market segment share in each size (eg Large consisted of 85% Commercial AC & balance shared) or (eg Small consisted of 50% Process Chilling in Food Chain & 50% Industrial/Other) 4. Annual volumes, weighted averages, average sizes, estimated existing base & energy consumptions are calculated below. An assumption table is provided below listing COPs, existing stock & effective run time (which is subjective & requires further investigation).

Total Estimated Energy Consumed by Chillers:Commercial Air Conditioning = 4,857 GWh/aProcess Chilling (Food Chain) = 564 GWh/aIndustrial Applications & Other = 705 GWh/a

Other useful references MEPS - Commercial Building Air Conditioning Chillers (Vapour Compression), 2004.pp 5 Estimated that there are some 6,000 to 7,000 chillers of varying technologytypes, efficiencies and refrigerants currently installed in Australian commercial buildings,entertainment complexes and retails facilities.

pp 6 Figure 1 shows the range of sales by type of chiller. Applications with cooling requirements below 250 kW are mainly dominated by scroll compressors, with other applications up to 1,000 kW using a mixture of helical rotary (screw) and reciprocating compressors. Cooling capacity requirements above 1,000 kW is usually managed by the use of screw and centrifugal compressors.

488 -

# units Av. kW Weighted Av.Food Chain: Small 188 60 11,250Food Chain: Medium 192 339 64,975Food Chain: Large 37 1046 38,284

416 275Industrial & Other: Small 188 60 11,250Industrial & Other: Med 192 339 64,975Industrial & Other: Large 37 1046 38,284

416 275Comm. AC: Med 192 339Comm. AC: Large 415 1046

606Total Installed Chillers

Energy Calculations: Chillers

Australia

Food Chain kWh/a 1,688,848,076Industrial App & Other kWh/a 2,111,060,095

Assumptions for Sensitivity AnalyisisFood Chain Industrial & Other

COP 3.0 3.0Av. Capacity kW 275.4 275.4Existing Stock 6,300 6,300Effective Run Time 8.0 10.0

Estimated Australian Market Size 2005/06

Annual # Chillers Imported/Manufactured

Total # of Chillers# units

375275300225120102356

1438

Weighted Av.22500

60Weighted Av.

63250131700194950

339Weighted Av.

1381501053601430049219031656

Chiller Analysis & Assumptions:The following process was undertaken in conjunction with discussions with industry (Manufacturers & Contractors): 1. Chillers were broken into 3 categories by capacity (Small <110kW; Medium between 110 & 528kW; Large >528kW) 2. Chillers were placed into 3 Market sectors (Commercial AC; Process Chilling in Food Chain; Industrial & Other applications)3.Chiller Applications were classified as large, medium & small & an estimate made of Market segment share in each size (eg Large consisted of 85% Commercial AC & balance shared) or (eg Small consisted of 50% Process Chilling in Food Chain & 50% Industrial/Other) 4. Annual volumes, weighted averages, average sizes, estimated existing base & energy consumptions are calculated below. An assumption table is provided below listing COPs, existing stock & effective run time (which is subjective & requires further investigation).

Total Estimated Energy Consumed by Chillers:Commercial Air Conditioning = 4,857 GWh/aProcess Chilling (Food Chain) = 564 GWh/aIndustrial Applications & Other = 705 GWh/a

Other useful references MEPS - Commercial Building Air Conditioning Chillers (Vapour Compression), 2004.pp 5 Estimated that there are some 6,000 to 7,000 chillers of varying technologytypes, efficiencies and refrigerants currently installed in Australian commercial buildings,entertainment complexes and retails facilities.

pp 6 Figure 1 shows the range of sales by type of chiller. Applications with cooling requirements below 250 kW are mainly dominated by scroll compressors, with other applications up to 1,000 kW using a mixture of helical rotary (screw) and reciprocating compressors. Cooling capacity requirements above 1,000 kW is usually managed by the use of screw and centrifugal compressors.

5103601046

Est. Av. Life (Yrs) Existing Stock15 280020 290025 600

630015 280020 290025 600

630020 290025 6950

985022450

Refrigerated Cold Food Chain

ApplicationsDairy Farmers Trucks Dairy Industry Trucks Large Cold Stores Trucks Supermarkets Household

Fruit Farmers Light Com Beverages Light Com Light Com Convenience Stores Restaurants

Vegetable Farmers Trains Frozen Foods Trains Trains Pubs, Clubs & Rest Hotels

Livestock Producers Air Abattoirs & Meat Processor Air Air Takeaway Foods Hospitals

Poultry Farmers Marine Poultry Processors Marine 50% Chillers Marine Vending Machines

Aquaculture Confectionary 50% Freezers 80 to 85% Med Temp

Refrigeration TechnologyChillers Refrig: Industrial Refrigeration Refrig: Cold Storage Refrig: Supermarket Systems Household Refrig. Appliances

Icemakers Truck:Trailer/ Chillers Truck:Trailer/ Cool Rooms Truck:Trailer/ Cool Rooms Commercial Ref/Freezer

Industrial Refrig. Truck: Rigid Freezers Truck: Rigid Truck: Rigid Display Cases Merchandising Equipment

Cold Rooms Powered Off- Icemakers Powered Off-Vehicle Powered Off- Reach in Refrigerators

Containers Cold Storage Containers Containers Reach in Freezers

Cool Rooms Vending Machines

Ice Cream Displays

Ice Making Equipment

Ammonia/R22/R507C/R404 R134a Ammonia/R22/R507C/R404 R134a Ammonia/R22/R507C R134a R134a/R404A/HC

Chillers = 327 GWh/a Chillers = 237 GWh/a

Industrial = 206 GWh/a Industrial = 150 GWh/aCool Room = 100 GWh/a Cool Room = 47 GWh/a

Pubs/Clubs/Convenience Stores/Take Away FoodCool Rooms = 118 GWh/a Cool Rooms = 51 GWh/a Cool Rooms = 106 GWh/a Merchandising = 2,620 GWh/aTotal = 455 to 651 GWh/a Total = 326 to 438 GWh/a Total = 462 to 605 GWh/a Total = 8,480 to 9,156 GWh/a 9,470 GWh/a

Total Energy Consumption Estimated at 19 to 20,000 GWh/a

Types of Businesses Supplying/Installing/Servicing Refrigeration TechnologyRefrigeration Mechanics employed by Small/Medium/Large Contractors, Super Market Contractors, Industry,

Refrigerated Transport Coys, Appliance Manufacturers/Suppliers

Wholesalers of Refrigeration Equipment, Components, Cu Pipe, Controls, Tools & Accessories

Suppliers of Refrigeration Equipment, Components, Cu Pipe, Controls, Tools & Accessories

Cool Room manufacturers/contractors

Chiller = 3oC

Freezer = -20oC

7.5 Million m3

R22/R404A/R507/CO2/R134a

Trans. = Mt CO2 -e

Trans. = Mt CO2 -e

Industrial Refrig. = 356 GWh/a Trans.

= Mt CO2 -e

Supermarket = 5,270 GWh/a

Household = 8,330 GWh/a

Primary Producers (Initial Cooling Fresh Produce)

Refrig. Trans

Retail Display & Cold Room Storage

End User Refrig. Trans

Food Processors/Mfrs (Secondary Chilling

& Freezing)

Refrig. Trans

Cold Storage Logistics & Distribution

CONFIDENTIAL Chilling Insights Report May 2007

Prepared by Energy Strategies Pty Ltd with Expert Air

See Energy Calc. Estimate BelowPublic Cold Storage Capacity Swire Refrigerant Site Summary

Company Location/Site StateSwire 2.022 Clayton VicOxford 0.88 Doveton VicVersacold 0.996 Lyndhurst VicToll 1.6 Other Vic VicMontague 0.25 Homebush NSWScots 0.15 Lurnea NSWHarbourside 0.04 Minto NSWVictoria Cold Storage 0.04 Other NSW NSWLago Coldstores 0.04 New NSW NSWCB Cold Storage 0.04 Hemmant 1 QldDoboy Coldstores 0.06 Hemmant 2 QldDevonport 0.08 Hemmant 3 QldBurnie Ports 0.28 Murarrie QldHobart 0.13 Cannon Hill QldOthers commercially available* 0.960795 Other Qld Qld

Townsville QldTOTAL 7.568795 Legana Tas

Other Tas TasDry Creek, Cavan 1 SACavan 2 SACavan 3 SAMile End SAPort Adelaide SACroydon SABanjup WAPalmyra WAOther NT NTTOTAL

Swire Cold Storeage Analysis

Location/Site Refrigerant m3 kWh/day kWh/a

Clayton R22 139,439 17,647 6,441,155Lyndhurst Ammonia 160,449 16,735 6,108,275

Industry Calculation

Ammonia 227.0 319.3R22 92.2 605

319.3 462.1

Refrigerated Capacity Million m3

Based on Swire Actuals GWh/a

Av. CSIRO & Actual GWh/a

*Silvia Estrado-Flores from CSIRO Food Futures, November 2006

IIR estimates refrigeration to account for 85% to 90% of total running expense, Swire study confirmed at 85%.

IARW, 2006 estimate 30% of storage facilities in the US are private, CSIRO assumed a conservative percentage of 20%.

Total Australian cold storage capacity = 7.568 / 0.8 = 9.46 Million m3

CONFIDENTIAL Chilling Insights Report May 2007

Prepared by Energy Strategies Pty Ltd with Expert Air

Estimated Energy Consumed Cold Storage (Channel) GWh/a = 462.1Assumptions:Ammonia/R22 75/25Chiller/Freezer 50/50

9.463239

% Energy Consumed by Ref. 85%

Total Million m3

Ammonia: kWhs/pa per m3

R22: kWhs/pa per m3

CONFIDENTIAL Chilling Insights Report May 2007

Prepared by Energy Strategies Pty Ltd with Expert Air

Swire Refrigerant Site Summary Case Studies

RefrigerantR22 139,439 6R22 115,980 5Ammonia 160,449 4.5Ammonia 23,132 -R22 116,779 5R22 84,432 4R22 73,219 3Ammonia 126,570 5Ammonia 90,249 5R22 149,978 6Ammonia 56,634 2Ammonia 67,246 2.5Ammonia 59,087 2.5Ammonia 209,544 6- 5,511 -Ammonia 8,170 2R22/R504 18,471 2- 5,529 -Ammonia 49,721 2Ammonia 62,966 2Ammonia 42,012 2Ammonia 40,188 2Ammonia 42,463 2Ammonia 45,000 2Ammonia 159,679 5Ammonia 66,014 2.5- 2,800 1

2,021,262 81

Energy Bill

$368,000 $0.057 46.19 39.26$329,000 $0.054 38.07 32.36

Refrigerated Capacity m3

Estimated Tons

Check Cost/kWh

kWhr/a per m3

Refrig. Only

Case StudySwire's Lyndhurst, VictoriaRefrigerated Storage = 160,449m3Floor area = 18,890m2 (Av. height = 8.5m)Pallets = 16,000, conventional storage (manual)No direct employees on site = 240 over 3 shiftsAge = 6 yearsRefrigerant = 4 to 5 tons of AmmoniaType = Chiller 75% & Freezer 25%Refrigeration system design:Compound compressor, single motor driving 2 compressors Low temp: 616kW x 2 @ -20oC, estimated heat load of 713kW High temp: 916kW x 1 @ 2 to 4oC, estimated heat load of 574kW Operating @ 816kW today with peak setting of 900kW Energy consumption = 16,735kWhrs/Day, operates 24/7, 365 daysEstimate 85% of energy consumption is for refrigerationMaintenance = system only down for 4 hours, operates 99.5% of time Refrigerant top up = 65kg cylinder every 3 years, 0.5% p.a.Energy Bill = $329,000p.a. x 0.85 = $280,000p.a. on refrigeration

Case StudySwire's Clayton, Victoria Refrigerated Storage = 139,439m3Floor area = 10,728m2 (Av. height = 13.0m)Pallets = 22,000, non conventional (automated, cranes)No direct employees on site = 30 to 40 over 2 shiftsRefrigerant = Approx. 6 tons of R22Type = Chiller 12% & Freezer 88%Refrigeration system design: 3 individual screw compressors Available cooling: 1616, Av. operating: 1200/700kW (summer/winter) Energy consumption = 17,647kWhrs/Day, operates 24/7, 365 daysEstimate 85% of energy consumption is for refrigerationMaintenance = system only down for 4 hours, operates 99.5% of time Refrigerant top up = 65kg cylinder every 1 year, 1% p.a.Energy Bill = $368,000p.a. x 0.85 = $313,000p.a. on refrigeration

Silvia Estrado-Flores from CSIRO Food Futures, November 2006 used two methods then an average of two methods) to estimate the Energy Consumption for Cold Storage, however the key difference between Swire actual & CSIRO estimate is the kWh/m3 rate.CSIRO used 72kWh/m3 based on the average of 3 values sited in reports across NZ & UK. Based on interviews with Swire engineers, Swire actual was 32 to 39kWh/m3.

CONFIDENTIAL Chilling Insights Report May 2007

Prepared by Energy Strategies Pty Ltd with Expert Air

Silvia Estrado-Flores from CSIRO Food Futures, November 2006 used two methods then an average of two methods) to estimate the Energy Consumption for Cold Storage, however the key difference between Swire actual & CSIRO estimate is the kWh/m3 rate.CSIRO used 72kWh/m3 based on the average of 3 values sited in reports across NZ & UK. Based on interviews with Swire engineers, Swire actual was 32 to 39kWh/m3.

CONFIDENTIAL Chilling Insights Report May 2007

Prepared by Energy Strategies Pty Ltd with Expert Air

Case StudySwire's Lyndhurst, VictoriaRefrigerated Storage = 160,449m3Floor area = 18,890m2 (Av. height = 8.5m)Pallets = 16,000, conventional storage (manual)No direct employees on site = 240 over 3 shiftsAge = 6 yearsRefrigerant = 4 to 5 tons of AmmoniaType = Chiller 75% & Freezer 25%Refrigeration system design:Compound compressor, single motor driving 2 compressors Low temp: 616kW x 2 @ -20oC, estimated heat load of 713kW High temp: 916kW x 1 @ 2 to 4oC, estimated heat load of 574kW Operating @ 816kW today with peak setting of 900kW Energy consumption = 16,735kWhrs/Day, operates 24/7, 365 daysEstimate 85% of energy consumption is for refrigerationMaintenance = system only down for 4 hours, operates 99.5% of time Refrigerant top up = 65kg cylinder every 3 years, 0.5% p.a.Energy Bill = $329,000p.a. x 0.85 = $280,000p.a. on refrigeration

Case StudySwire's Clayton, Victoria Refrigerated Storage = 139,439m3Floor area = 10,728m2 (Av. height = 13.0m)Pallets = 22,000, non conventional (automated, cranes)No direct employees on site = 30 to 40 over 2 shiftsRefrigerant = Approx. 6 tons of R22Type = Chiller 12% & Freezer 88%Refrigeration system design: 3 individual screw compressors Available cooling: 1616, Av. operating: 1200/700kW (summer/winter) Energy consumption = 17,647kWhrs/Day, operates 24/7, 365 daysEstimate 85% of energy consumption is for refrigerationMaintenance = system only down for 4 hours, operates 99.5% of time Refrigerant top up = 65kg cylinder every 1 year, 1% p.a.Energy Bill = $368,000p.a. x 0.85 = $313,000p.a. on refrigeration

Retail: SupermarketMethod 1: Supermarket Specification

Segment GWh/a Size

Supermarket 72% 5,270 Supermarket: LgConvenience Stores 3% 202 Supermarket: MdPubs & Clubs & Restaurants 3% 226 Supermarket: SmTake Away Food 9% 691 TotalMech Cabinets & Vend machines 13% 960Total 100% 7,349

Method 2: MEPS, 2000

By Business Type: Method 2 GWh/a Supermarket Analysis

Supermarket: Lg 32% 1,856Supermarket TotalSupermarket: Md 8% 464

Supermarket: Sm 1% 58Clubs: Lg 9% 522Clubs: Sm 2% 116 CheckGrocery Stores 3% 174 SizeService Stations: Lg 9% 522 Supermarket: LgBottle Shops 2% 116 Supermarket: MdFresh Meat, Fish & Poultry 6% 348 Supermarket: SmPubs 6% 348 TotalCafé's Restaurants 13% 754Other 9% 522Total Remote: Comm Refrig. 100% 5,800Self-contained Display CasesGlass Door MerchandisersReach in RefrigeratorsReach in FreezersIce Making EquipmentRefrigerated Vending MachinesIce Cream DisplaysCold Water DispensersTotal Self Contained: Comm Refrig. 2,680Total Comm. Refrig. 8,480

Method 3: Actual Running Costs Method 3Size kWh/a # Stores kWh/aSupermarket: Lg 1,543,972 1200 1,852,766,400Supermarket: Md 1,014,610 1500 1,521,915,000Supermarket: Sm 381,118 975 371,590,440Total - 3,746,271,840

Energy Bill: Super IGA (Yarram, Vic)Month kWh/Month $/Month

% Energy Consumed

% Energy Consumed

Information Provided by Energy Engineer of Major Supermarket Chain

"From submetering we have installed in a number of our stores; and based on the refrigeration component of a typical store of total consumption, we know that for an average sized store we consume approximately 1,200,000 to 1,300,000 kWh per annum."

This provides us with two equations: Large = 350/250 x Medium (Based on specifications provided by contractors on refrigeration requirements in Medium & Large stores)Large x 1200/2700 + Medium x 1500/2700 = 1,250,000 kWh/a (Assumed ratio of Major Supermarket chain providing information is indicative of rest of industry)ThereforeLarge Store = 1,543,972 kWh/aMedium Store = 1,014,610 kWh/a

Energy Consumption EstimationThree methods were undertakenMethod 1: Based on Supermarket Specifications provided by Contractors = 5,270 GWh/a Method 2: Based on MEPS 2000 report adjusted to 2006 = 2,680 GWh/aMethod 3: Based on actual kWh/a in supermarkets = 3,746 GWh/a

Have adhered to result obtained in Method 1: despite actual data provided by major supermarket chain suggests an estimate of 3,746 GWh/a. The estimate was based on sub-metering in Target stores which can under estimate energy consumption of low efficiency stores. There are significant energy consumption differentiators including sub-coolers, floating head technology & studies on reconditioning stores have reported improvements up to 20%.

Further discussion is required with major supermarket chain or energy providers to qualify further.

Mar-06 55,047 6,693Apr-06 45,147 5,605

May-06 46,242 5,855Jun-06 45,323 5,005Jul-06 43,401 5,525

Aug-06 46,182 5,187Sep-06 45,814 5,085Oct-06 48,487 5,360Nov-06 49,405 5,435Dec-06 52,537 5,607Jan-07 56,100 6,197Feb-07 52,651 5,775

586,336 $ 67,329 $0.115

Assumptions% Energy Consumed on Refrigeration = 65%

Information Provided by Energy Engineer of Major Supermarket Chain

"From submetering we have installed in a number of our stores; and based on the refrigeration component of a typical store of total consumption, we know that for an average sized store we consume approximately 1,200,000 to 1,300,000 kWh per annum."

This provides us with two equations: Large = 350/250 x Medium (Based on specifications provided by contractors on refrigeration requirements in Medium & Large stores)Large x 1200/2700 + Medium x 1500/2700 = 1,250,000 kWh/a (Assumed ratio of Major Supermarket chain providing information is indicative of rest of industry)ThereforeLarge Store = 1,543,972 kWh/aMedium Store = 1,014,610 kWh/a

kW # Stores kW kWh/a Application

350,000 1200 420,000,000 2,688,000,000 Super Mkt230,000 1500 345,000,000 2,208,000,000 Convenience Store60,000 975 58,500,000 374,400,000 Pubs & Rest

- - 823,500,000 5,270,400,000 Take Away3675 Merch Cab

GWh/a kWh/a

2,378.0Central 551,893Display Case 338,257Self Contained 46,850Total 937,000

kWh/a # Stores kWh/a937,000 1200 1,124,400,000615,743 1500 923,614,286160,629 975 156,612,857

1,713,371 - 2,204,627,143

Method 1kWh/a

2,688,000,0002,208,000,000374,400,000

5,270,400,000

Equipment Type

Information Provided by Energy Engineer of Major Supermarket Chain

"From submetering we have installed in a number of our stores; and based on the refrigeration component of a typical store of total consumption, we know that for an average sized store we consume approximately 1,200,000 to 1,300,000 kWh per annum."

This provides us with two equations: Large = 350/250 x Medium (Based on specifications provided by contractors on refrigeration requirements in Medium & Large stores)Large x 1200/2700 + Medium x 1500/2700 = 1,250,000 kWh/a (Assumed ratio of Major Supermarket chain providing information is indicative of rest of industry)ThereforeLarge Store = 1,543,972 kWh/aMedium Store = 1,014,610 kWh/a

Energy Consumption EstimationThree methods were undertakenMethod 1: Based on Supermarket Specifications provided by Contractors = 5,270 GWh/a Method 2: Based on MEPS 2000 report adjusted to 2006 = 2,680 GWh/aMethod 3: Based on actual kWh/a in supermarkets = 3,746 GWh/a

Have adhered to result obtained in Method 1: despite actual data provided by major supermarket chain suggests an estimate of 3,746 GWh/a. The estimate was based on sub-metering in Target stores which can under estimate energy consumption of low efficiency stores. There are significant energy consumption differentiators including sub-coolers, floating head technology & studies on reconditioning stores have reported improvements up to 20%.

Further discussion is required with major supermarket chain or energy providers to qualify further.

Information Provided by Energy Engineer of Major Supermarket Chain

"From submetering we have installed in a number of our stores; and based on the refrigeration component of a typical store of total consumption, we know that for an average sized store we consume approximately 1,200,000 to 1,300,000 kWh per annum."

This provides us with two equations: Large = 350/250 x Medium (Based on specifications provided by contractors on refrigeration requirements in Medium & Large stores)Large x 1200/2700 + Medium x 1500/2700 = 1,250,000 kWh/a (Assumed ratio of Major Supermarket chain providing information is indicative of rest of industry)ThereforeLarge Store = 1,543,972 kWh/aMedium Store = 1,014,610 kWh/a

Run Hrs

1616121216

Cool Rooms

Description Application From (m3) To (m3) Av. W

Mini (up to 3m x 3m) Coolroom 0 21.6 2,250Small (up to 6m x 4m x 3m) Coolroom 22 72 4,125Medium (6m x 6m x 4m) Coolroom 73 144 9,000Large (10m x10m x 4m) Coolroom 145 400 20,400Warehouse (20m x 10m x 4m) Coolroom 401 800 45,000Distribution Centre Cold Storage 801 up -

Assumptions: Estimated Energy Consumed Cool Rooms (excl. Cold Storage/Supermarket) GWh/a =Rule of thumb; Medium Temp Coolroom = 250 & 300 W per m2Ratio Med Temp to Low Temp, 80:20 COP = 2.5 (weighted av. of med/high temp)Running time per day = 16 hrsAv. life of Cond. Unit:Small Commercial 6Commercial 8Condensing Units

Small Commercial 25,350 1.19 30,269Commercial 4,300 1.19 5,134

MEPS 2000 kWh/a

Medium Temp 15,50020,860Low Temp 42,300

Check use of AssumptionsTotal Energy Consumed kWh/a= 607,173,120

Total # Coolrooms = 31,360Av. Energy Consumption kWh/a = 19,361

Confirms reasonable to use rule of thumb of 250 & 300 W per m2, 80:20 Med:Low temp ratio, av. COP of 2.5 & typical running hrs of 16 per day

Weighted Av. kWh/a

This work-sheet calculates energy consumed by Coolrooms across the cold chain & excludes Cold Storage & Supermarket coolrooms as energy consumption in these areas are covered in work-sheets CC-Supermarket & CC-Cold Storage.

Energy Consumed Cool Rooms (excl. Cold Storage/Supermarket) was estimated to be 316 GWh/a

Base data on number of coolrooms was obtained from a survey undertaken by market leader of coolroom supplies (incl. insulating panels, etc.).

Assumptions are listed in the work sheet & a check was undertaken to confirm these assumptions versus technical data used by Mark Ellis & Ass in MEPS for Self Contained Commercial Refrigeration, 2000.

Farm Catering

Technology # Coolrooms GWh/a # Coolrooms

Up to 1 Hermetic R134a/R404A/R22 3,744 19,678,464 3,1201 to 3 Hermetic & Semi R404A/R22 3,136 30,218,496 1,344

3 to 5.5 Hermetic & Semi R404A/R22 960 20,183,040 4805.5 to 12.5 Hermetic & Semi R404A/R22 800 38,123,520 16012.5 to 40 Semi Hermetic R404A/R22 576 60,549,120 0

- Screw/Cetrifugal Ammonia 64 168,752,640 0- 9,280 5,104

Estimated Energy Consumed Cool Rooms (excl. Cold Storage/Supermarket) GWh/a = 316

Confirms reasonable to use rule of thumb of 250 & 300 W per m2, 80:20 Med:Low temp ratio, av. COP of 2.5 & typical running hrs of 16 per day

Nominal HP Cond. Unit

Most Common Refrig. Type

This work-sheet calculates energy consumed by Coolrooms across the cold chain & excludes Cold Storage & Supermarket coolrooms as energy consumption in these areas are covered in work-sheets CC-Supermarket & CC-Cold Storage.

Energy Consumed Cool Rooms (excl. Cold Storage/Supermarket) was estimated to be 316 GWh/a

Base data on number of coolrooms was obtained from a survey undertaken by market leader of coolroom supplies (incl. insulating panels, etc.).

Assumptions are listed in the work sheet & a check was undertaken to confirm these assumptions versus technical data used by Mark Ellis & Ass in MEPS for Self Contained Commercial Refrigeration, 2000.

Catering Shop Supermarket Cold Storage (Channel)

GWh/a # Coolrooms GWh/a # Coolrooms GWh/a # Coolrooms

16,398,720 4,368 22,958,208 0 0 1,24812,950,784 2,240 21,584,640 1,344 51,803 89610,091,520 1,440 30,274,560 1,440 100,915 4807,624,704 320 15,249,408 1,280 203,325 640

0 96 10,091,520 768 269,107 48047,065,728 0 100,158,336 352 625,151 224

8,464 5,184 3,968

Cold Storage (Channel)

GWh/a Total GWh/a

6,559,488 12,480 65,594,8808,633,856 8,960 86,338,560

10,091,520 4,800 100,915,20030,498,816 3,200 152,494,08050,457,600 1,920 201,830,400

106,241,280 640 607,173,12032,00031,360

Cold Food Chain: Industrial (Ammonia Systems)

Industrial refrigeration typically referred to “Ammonia refrigeration applications” in the Food Chain (Primary/Secondary Chilling/Freezing & Cold Storage), not to be confused with cooling/chiller applications in industry.

The installed base of industrial applications is difficult to quantify as the business is very project oriented, which means sales of Ammonia (screw & some large reciprocating) compressors & kWR sizes vary significantly from year to year. The best industry estimate is 120 to 150 compressors p.a. with approx. 30% applied in Cold Storage applications & the majority in chilling/Freezing/ice making applications in primary/secondary stages of the Cold Food Chain. The total energy consumed by Industrial refrigeration applications is likely to be at least double the energy consumed in Cold Storage (356 GWh/a) as there are more applications, typically require greater refrigeration capacity, however have lower annual running hours than Cold Storage applications due to seasonality/factory shifts. For simplicity until further investigation is undertaken we will assume the total energy consumed in primary/secondary stages of the Cold Food Chain is the same as Cold Storage (356 GWh/a & split 40:60 between primary : secondary).

The market leader of screw compressors in Australia is Mycom. Please see list/links of other suppliers below.

There are a group of key national contractors including Gordon Brothers (part of Hastie Group), Techrite Refrigeration, Cold Logic & regional contractors such as Fourair (target food chain applications Vic & Southern NSW) that service industrial refrigeration applications (Ammonia) & chillers (Food chain, Industrial Applications & Other).

Key suppliers

Compressorshttp://www.mycomcpc.com/ (Mayekawa)http://www.bitzer.de/home/index.php?LNG=EN&CTR=AUS&CMP=AUS&NAV=1&York (http://www.frickcold.com/ , Stahl, Sabroe)Howden, Grusso, Hitachi, Frascold, Hanbell

Contractorshttp://www.gordonrefrig.com.au/ Part of Hastie Group http://www.hastiegroup.com.au/http://www.ttrefrig.com.au/ http://www.coldlogic.com.au/ http://www.fourair.com/http://www.heuch.com.au/

Componentshttp://www.apv.com/us/eng/APV+Home.htm

Industry Bodieshttp://www.iiar.org/ International Institute of Ammonia Refrigeration

Industrial refrigeration typically referred to “Ammonia refrigeration applications” in the Food Chain (Primary/Secondary Chilling/Freezing & Cold Storage), not to be confused with cooling/chiller applications in industry.

The installed base of industrial applications is difficult to quantify as the business is very project oriented, which means sales of Ammonia (screw & some large reciprocating) compressors & kWR sizes vary significantly from year to year. The best industry estimate is 120 to 150 compressors p.a. with approx. 30% applied in Cold Storage applications & the majority in chilling/Freezing/ice making applications in primary/secondary stages of the Cold Food Chain. The total energy consumed by Industrial refrigeration applications is likely to be at least double the energy consumed in Cold Storage (356 GWh/a) as there are more applications, typically require greater refrigeration capacity, however have lower annual running hours than Cold Storage applications due to seasonality/factory shifts. For simplicity until further investigation is undertaken we will assume the total energy consumed in primary/secondary stages of the Cold Food Chain is the same as Cold Storage (356 GWh/a & split 40:60 between primary : secondary).

The market leader of screw compressors in Australia is Mycom. Please see list/links of other suppliers below.

There are a group of key national contractors including Gordon Brothers (part of Hastie Group), Techrite Refrigeration, Cold Logic & regional contractors such as Fourair (target food chain applications Vic & Southern NSW) that service industrial refrigeration applications (Ammonia) & chillers (Food chain, Industrial Applications & Other).

Key suppliers

Compressorshttp://www.mycomcpc.com/ (Mayekawa)http://www.bitzer.de/home/index.php?LNG=EN&CTR=AUS&CMP=AUS&NAV=1&York (http://www.frickcold.com/ , Stahl, Sabroe)Howden, Grusso, Hitachi, Frascold, Hanbell

Contractorshttp://www.gordonrefrig.com.au/ Part of Hastie Group http://www.hastiegroup.com.au/http://www.ttrefrig.com.au/ http://www.coldlogic.com.au/ http://www.fourair.com/http://www.heuch.com.au/

Componentshttp://www.apv.com/us/eng/APV+Home.htm

Industry Bodieshttp://www.iiar.org/ International Institute of Ammonia Refrigeration

Product Type Year

Self Contained Commercial Refrig. EquipSelf-contained Display Cases 2000 6000 3.3%Glass Door Merchandisers 2000 1899 10000Reach in Refrigerators 2000 1899 3500Reach in Freezers 2000 1786 4000Ice Making Equipment 2004 3922 4500 10%Refrigerated Vending Machines 2000 2740 13300Ice Cream Displays 2000 2388 10000Cold Water Dispensers 2000 32000Ice Bins 2004 0 1400 10%

Energy Consumption

(kWh/yr)Quantity (Units)

Growth (%)

The above data came from MEPS, Self Contained Commercial Refrigeration, 2000 & MEPS, Icemakers, 2004, Mark Ellis & Ass. This data would provide a good base for further analysis as was derived from various MEPS discussions. In the meantime have estimated Total Energy Consumed by self contained commercial refrigeration equipment to be 2,680 GWh/a in 2006. Based on estimate in Ellis report of 2,200 GWh/a & applying a 4.8% growth rate.

Existing Stock

6 360008 1700009 320009 36000

10 475009 1200006 600009 300000

14 20000821500

Est. Av. Life (Yrs)

The above data came from MEPS, Self Contained Commercial Refrigeration, 2000 & MEPS, Icemakers, 2004, Mark Ellis & Ass. This data would provide a good base for further analysis as was derived from various MEPS discussions. In the meantime have estimated Total Energy Consumed by self contained commercial refrigeration equipment to be 2,680 GWh/a in 2006. Based on estimate in Ellis report of 2,200 GWh/a & applying a 4.8% growth rate.

Trailer & Inter-Modal: Refrigeration 18.0 700

7%

6 to 7.5 3,452

Diesel Drive: Truck Refrigeration 4 to 10 500 6 to 9 2,755

1 to 5 1,800 6 to 10 10,212

- - - - -

Total Refrigerated Transport 3,000 16,418

2006

Light commercial vehicles 2,114,333 0.48%Rigid trucks 383,546 0.72%

Light 95,452 -Heavy 288,094 -

Articulated trucks 71,680 4.8%

1995 1998 1999 2000 2001Light commercial vehicles 1,527,212 1,531,748 1,721,200 1,696,631 1,719,654

Rigid trucks 337,421 339,021 346,823 346,628 332,102LightHeavy

Articulated trucks 58,322 58,858 63,295 61,117 61,502Non freight trucks 46,971 17,614 17,697 18,714 18,980

Total trucks 442,714 415,493 427,815 426,459 412,584Buses 52,170 53,298 65,891 55,805 55,078

Existing Stock Calculations

2006 2005 2004

- 7% 700 651 605% in Service - 1 1 1

3452 700 651 605

2006 2005 2004

- 7% 500 465 432% in Service - 1 1 1

2755 500 465 432

Refrigeration Transport Product Type

Av. Size Cooling

(kW)Quantity

(Units) p.a.Growth

(%)Est. Av. Life (Yrs)

Existing Stock

Off Engine/Vehicle Powered Refrigeration (Option Electrical Stand-by)

Refrigerated Containers (20ft & 40ft Marine Containers)

% Vehicles with Refrig.

Existing Stock

Growth (%)

Existing Stock

Growth (%)

2006 2005 2004

- 7% 1800 1674 1557% in Service - 1 1 1

10212 1800 1674 1557

Existing Stock

Growth (%)

4,000

4,000

4,000

-

20062002 2003 2004 2005

1,810,071 1,879,755 1,940,180 2,030,254 2,114,333 3.8% 80,345341,651 348,673 358,704 368,520 383,546 2.9% 11,123

88,768 95,452 - -279,752 288,094 - -

61,519 64,261 66,197 69,723 71,680 2.9% 2,07917,504 18,599 17,616 19,962 20,293 - -

420,674 431,533 442,517 458,205 475,519 -56,754 70,122 61,728 72,620 73,375 1.8% 1,321

2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997

563 524 487 453 421 392 3640.9 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2507 419 243 91 84 78 73

2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997

402 374 348 323 301 280 2600.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.2362 299 243 194 150 56 52

Running Hrs p.a. CO2-e

Av. Growth p.a. %

Av. Growth

p.a. (units)

2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997

1448 1346 1252 1165 1083 1007 9370.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3

1303 1077 877 699 542 403 281

Direct Energy Consumed from Auto Air Cond

million mill km Total Due to A/CPassenger vehicles 11.011 18,144

petrol n/a 15,856 437.6 2.6% 449.0diesel n/a 1,081 29.8 2.6% 30.6LPG/CNG n/a 1,207 33.3 2.6% 34.2

Light commercial vehicles 1.996 n/a 4,484petrol n/a 2,699 74.5 3.8% 77.3diesel n/a 1,472 40.6 3.8% 42.2LPG/CNG n/a 313 8.6 3.8% 9.0

Rigid trucks - diesel 0.367 7671 2234 129.6 2.9% 133.3Articulated trucks - diesel 0.069 6308 3452 53.3 2.9% 54.8Non freight trucks - diesel 0.02 286 65 4.8 1.9% 4.9Buses - diesel 0.062 1856 506 14.0 1.8% 14.2Motorcycles - petrol n/a 83 0.0 5.7% 0.0

TOTAL 28,885 826 850Total av % Fuel Consumed Due to A/C = 2.9%

Registered vehicles by type1984 1995 1998 1999 2000 2001

Passenger vehicles 6,636,200 8,628,806 9,336,395 9,686,223 9,711,320 9,861,807Light commercial vehicles 1,121,000 1,527,212 1,531,748 1,721,200 1,696,631 1,719,654

Rigid trucks 520,600 337,421 339,021 346,823 346,628 332,102Articulated trucks 49,100 58,322 58,858 63,295 61,117 61,502Non freight trucks 47,200 46,971 17,614 17,697 18,714 18,980

Total trucks 616,900 442,714 415,493 427,815 426,459 412,584Buses 60,500 52,170 53,298 65,891 55,805 55,078Motorcycles 398,400 296,628 307,954 33,782 337,793 349,465

TOTAL 8,832,800 10,947,530 11,644,888 11,934,911 12,228,008 12,398,588

Total number of registered vehicles ('000)Year NSW Vic. Qld SA WA Tas.2004 4063.6 3565.2 2656.0 1095.9 1480.2 350.42003 3944.9 3494.3 2552.1 1077.2 1438.4 338.52002 3847.1 3413.7 2445.5 1063.1 1405.7 335.12001 3745.5 3317.7 2354.4 1050.6 1371.3 331.12000 - - - - - -1999 3679.3 3266.5 2315.6 1032.5 1344.8 329.61998 3682.6 3177.4 2228.8 1031.1 1327.2 322.71997 3530.1 3119.0 2132.2 992.2 1269.6 325.01996 3448.9 3050.2 2082.0 984.5 1225.0 325.51995 3332.5 2869.9 2012.9 962.8 1175.5 319.91994 3262.5 2808.1 1975.1 920.2 1142.4 316.11993 3235.0 2718.4 1894.9 904.6 1111.0 310.71992 3207.8 2684.8 1832.8 889.5 1081.8 304.11991 3058.8 2775.2 1643.3 857.8 1062.9 298.21990 3223.8 2652.2 1751.9 883.5 1037.6 294.11989 3171.4 2585.2 1693.4 862.6 986.3 284.51988 3081.2 2575.2 1616.2 846.3 935.7 278.1

No of vehicles 2005

annual distance 2005

Fuel Consumed in 2005 (Million Litres)

Av. Annual Growth

Rate

Mill Litres Due to A/C

2006

Comments:There is a history of a lack of available information in the Auto Air industry, including an attempt to undertake a study by Price Waterhouse. Unfortuantely, the researcher was unable to gain the confidence of the industry & failed to collect information of any significance.

Plan recommended by VASAStep 1: Collect base informationStep 2: Target areas of interest with Focus Groups (ie half a dozen people who live & breath auto air), plus surveys to membersStep 3: Overview review by keystakeholders in Auto Air industryVASA would fully support this process

1987 3041.8 2529.4 1575.3 834.9 906.1 274.91986 3043.1 2476.8 1567.4 835.9 887.3 273.21985 2984.9 2437.7 1546.1 816.9 866.3 266.51984 2890.8 2341.8 1533.5 790.2 830.0 255.91983 2835.6 2257.7 1496.1 763.7 809.3 249.31982 2784.1 2171.8 1439.5 744.7 789.1 246.61981 2626.9 2035.9 1355.9 725.4 773.2 237.31980 2520.9 1960.2 1256.9 708.6 745.0 229.51979 2413.2 1974.0 1183.4 689.3 719.7 226.61978 2330.6 1915.4 1129.6 681.3 695.5 218.11977 2252.5 1829.2 1067.2 668.0 654.9 209.41976 2194.1 1799.6 1012.2 641.0 604.8 202.81975 2148.8 1715.9 918.0 617.3 564.4 194.31974 2043.0 1620.4 889.7 577.6 523.0 182.61973 1944.3 1523.8 827.0 547.1 488.6 174.51972 1848.4 1445.4 774.0 516.5 465.1 167.81971 1739.8 1379.3 726.5 496.8 445.6 161.31970 1648.3 1314.7 686.1 478.3 411.7 154.31969 1555.7 1248.6 649.9 456.5 379.4 148.71968 1482.1 1188.5 620.9 432.1 352.0 141.01967 1437.3 1136.5 590.0 413.1 337.1 135.11966 1369.0 1092.9 564.5 399.1 313.0 129.21965 1312.6 1049.8 536.9 384.7 291.5 122.51964 1230.7 989.9 497.9 363.7 277.9 114.61963 1157.4 931.5 459.0 342.9 258.2 107.41962 1088.4 876.6 431.7 328.6 242.1 102.61961 1031.1 844.7 418.6 318.5 225.2 97.41960 977.8 802.9 404.0 309.8 212.1 93.21959 919.4 749.9 381.9 290.8 198.4 87.71958 865.3 711.7 363.9 274.8 188.1 83.81957 807.9 675.5 344.4 262.5 180.6 78.61956 759.8 647.2 326.3 248.2 174.9 74.71955 709.0 629.1 307.7 229.5 168.8 71.71954 654.5 559.2 284.2 218.4 153.9 65.31953 613.5 539.8 266.2 205.7 141.9 60.51952 590.5 533.2 255.0 192.3 132.9 55.11951 544.3 444.4 240.7 173.0 118.6 49.11950 478.0 399.8 212.9 151.9 103.3 42.7

Assumptions:0.70 0.50 1,316,916 AC Penetration (all types, excl Mcycl) 92%

1,077,609 Majority passenger vehicle use is within urban areas82,651 Av fuel con increase for cars with A/C 3%54,687 Av fuel con increase for rigid trucks with A/C 1.7

0.70 0.50 238,722 Av fuel con increase for artic trucks with A/C 0.84185,575 Av. Fuel Consumed Running A/C 10%113,862 Av. Operating Time of A/C 15%14,347 Mobile aircon refrigerant loss 20%

213,299 1.20 0.84 73,741 Assumes all HFC-134a87,700 1.20 0.84 13,864

7,875 1.20 0.84 4,01922,747 10.00 7.00 103,813

n/a n/a1,860,352 1,751,073

2002 2003 200410,194,637 10,365,941 10,654,3281,810,071 1,879,755 1940180341,651 348,673 35870461,519 64,261 6619717,504 18,599 17616

420,674 431,533 442,51756,754 70,122 61728

367,258 377,271 39264812,849,393 13,124,622 13,491,401

NT ACT Australia106.0 215.7 13533.1104.3 213.4 13163.0103.8 208.0 12822.0102.8 203.4 12476.8

- - -103.2 197.0 12268.6102.2 194.8 12066.999.1 197.2 11664.496.2 188.8 11401.190.4 183.8 10947.591.9 182.8 10699.283.7 173.1 10431.580.8 165.2 10246.975.2 156.7 9934.179.5 158.1 10080.676.7 146.2 9806.172.5 139.1 9544.4

t CO2-e pa fuel

combustion

New vehicle HFC-134a charge (kg)

Av HFC-134a charge in use

(kg)

tCO2-e pa refrigerant leakage

Comments:There is a history of a lack of available information in the Auto Air industry, including an attempt to undertake a study by Price Waterhouse. Unfortuantely, the researcher was unable to gain the confidence of the industry & failed to collect information of any significance.

Plan recommended by VASAStep 1: Collect base informationStep 2: Target areas of interest with Focus Groups (ie half a dozen people who live & breath auto air), plus surveys to membersStep 3: Overview review by keystakeholders in Auto Air industryVASA would fully support this process

% Vehicles in the garage with AC, source ABS4602.0 Environmental Views: People's Views & Practices, 2006pp 8, In March 2006, 90% of households in Australia kept at least one registered motor vehicle in their garage or dwelling and 51% had two or more. The majority (92%) of these registered motor vehicles in the garage have airconditioning.

No. of Passenger Vehicles in Australia in 2006:- 11,188,880ABS: http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/productsbyCatalogue/06D0E28CD6E66B8ACA2568A900139408?OpenDocument

pp 49, Airconditioning has become a standard feature in motor vehicles across Australia. In April 1996, 72% of motor vehicles in Australia had airconditioning. In March 2006, however, the proportion has increased significantly to 92%. Motor vehicles without airconditioning were most likely to be found in Tasmania (only 79% of households), but this level has more than doubled since 1996 (37%) (graph 3.6 and table 3.13, pp 57, Number of Registerd Motor Vehicles with Air Conditioning, 1996:2006).

pp 53, Total no of registered motor vehicles kept in 7,944,700 kept in dwellings or garage, see Tables 3.8 & 3.9.

Motor Vehicle Use, Fuel Consumption, source ABS9208.0 Survey of Motor Vehicle Use, 2004Passenger vehicles used 14,882 million litres of petrol in the 12 months ended 31 October 2004, of which 94.2% (14,021 million litres) was unleaded petrol. A total of 5,384 million litres of diesel fuel was used by articulated and rigid trucks. This was 65.3% of all diesel fuel used and represents 100.0% and 97.9% respectively of fuel consumption for these vehicle types. The total fuel consumption by other vehicles in the 12 months ended 31 October 2004 included 4,471 million litres of fuel by light commercial vehicles and 524 million litres of fuel by buses.

Motor Vehicle Stats, source ABS9309.0 Motor Vehicle Census, 2006, (PB Can be used to update tables to 2006).

Air Conditioning Fuel Consumption, source www.mynrma.com.au, NRMA’s Top Tips for reducing emissions and petrol use, Tip 3. In urban areas when the weather is fine, switch-off the airconditioning and open the windows - this reduces fuel consumption by up to 10%. At higher speeds, open windows can create as much drag as airconditioning so there’s little advantage in turning airconditioning off.

Source: http://www.iea.org/textbase/work/workshopdetail.asp?WS_ID=247, www.epa.gov/fueleconomy/420d06002.pdfAverage increase in fuel consumption of 26% for conventional (non-hybrid) vehicle while airconditioning on. This translates to 3-4% increase in annual city fuel consumption and 1-2% increase in highway consumption.

Air Conditioning Refrigerant Leakage http://refrigerants.dupont.com/Suva/en_US/pdf/k10795.pdfMain refrigerant is HFC-134a. 20% of in vehicle refrigerant stock is released to atmosphere each year: 60% from service and end-of-life; 40% from system leaks.

IEA study cites modern car aircon refrigerant charges (presumably from new) of 550-900g HFC-134a which is overcharged from the optimum of 250-300g. This overcharge is more than sufficient to cover the entire lifetime of the vehicle in normal conditions. Australian industry sources indicate about 700g initial charge. We propose a reasonable figure for average in use charge of about 500g for stock estimation purposes.www.iea.org/textbase/work/2006/car_cooling/Session3/3b%20Clodic%20New%20evidence%20on%20leakage.pdfin www.iea.org/Textbase/work/workshopdetail.asp?WS_ID=247

Av. Age of Vehicles on road, source ABS9309.0 Motor Vehicle Sensis, 2006Campervans were the oldest vehicles registered with an average age of 18.9 years, while motorcycles were the youngest vehicle type with an average age of 9.4 years. The average age of passenger vehicles dropped slightly from 10.1 years in 2002 to 9.8 years in 2006, with 21.0% of passenger vehicles manufactured before 1991. Includes buses, all categories of trucks, etc.

77.0 134.4 9373.775.3 131.6 9290.571.8 128.1 9118.367.0 123.6 8832.861.9 116.2 8589.858.2 112.0 8346.053.6 109.6 7917.647.0 105.5 7573.645.6 106.6 7358.346.9 97.0 7114.538.1 98.7 6818.034.1 92.2 6580.931.8 85.9 6276.436.7 79.7 5952.734.2 73.6 5613.132.0 67.9 5317.128.7 61.2 5039.225.0 53.2 4771.622.5 47.1 4508.419.9 42.8 4279.317.0 40.4 4106.615.5 36.0 3919.514.1 32.1 3744.313.3 28.1 3516.211.2 24.2 3291.910.1 20.5 3100.7

9.3 17.9 2962.78.3 15.9 2824.27.4 13.7 2649.16.8 11.9 2506.25.9 10.6 2366.15.2 9.9 2246.34.9 8.8 2129.73.8 7.8 1947.35.1 6.9 1839.94.7 6.2 1770.24.3 5.5 1580.43.7 4.3 1397.1

% Vehicles in the garage with AC, source ABS4602.0 Environmental Views: People's Views & Practices, 2006pp 8, In March 2006, 90% of households in Australia kept at least one registered motor vehicle in their garage or dwelling and 51% had two or more. The majority (92%) of these registered motor vehicles in the garage have airconditioning.

No. of Passenger Vehicles in Australia in 2006:- 11,188,880ABS: http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/productsbyCatalogue/06D0E28CD6E66B8ACA2568A900139408?OpenDocument

pp 49, Airconditioning has become a standard feature in motor vehicles across Australia. In April 1996, 72% of motor vehicles in Australia had airconditioning. In March 2006, however, the proportion has increased significantly to 92%. Motor vehicles without airconditioning were most likely to be found in Tasmania (only 79% of households), but this level has more than doubled since 1996 (37%) (graph 3.6 and table 3.13, pp 57, Number of Registerd Motor Vehicles with Air Conditioning, 1996:2006).

pp 53, Total no of registered motor vehicles kept in 7,944,700 kept in dwellings or garage, see Tables 3.8 & 3.9.

Motor Vehicle Use, Fuel Consumption, source ABS9208.0 Survey of Motor Vehicle Use, 2004Passenger vehicles used 14,882 million litres of petrol in the 12 months ended 31 October 2004, of which 94.2% (14,021 million litres) was unleaded petrol. A total of 5,384 million litres of diesel fuel was used by articulated and rigid trucks. This was 65.3% of all diesel fuel used and represents 100.0% and 97.9% respectively of fuel consumption for these vehicle types. The total fuel consumption by other vehicles in the 12 months ended 31 October 2004 included 4,471 million litres of fuel by light commercial vehicles and 524 million litres of fuel by buses.

Motor Vehicle Stats, source ABS9309.0 Motor Vehicle Census, 2006, (PB Can be used to update tables to 2006).

Air Conditioning Fuel Consumption, source www.mynrma.com.au, NRMA’s Top Tips for reducing emissions and petrol use, Tip 3. In urban areas when the weather is fine, switch-off the airconditioning and open the windows - this reduces fuel consumption by up to 10%. At higher speeds, open windows can create as much drag as airconditioning so there’s little advantage in turning airconditioning off.

Source: http://www.iea.org/textbase/work/workshopdetail.asp?WS_ID=247, www.epa.gov/fueleconomy/420d06002.pdfAverage increase in fuel consumption of 26% for conventional (non-hybrid) vehicle while airconditioning on. This translates to 3-4% increase in annual city fuel consumption and 1-2% increase in highway consumption.

Air Conditioning Refrigerant Leakage http://refrigerants.dupont.com/Suva/en_US/pdf/k10795.pdfMain refrigerant is HFC-134a. 20% of in vehicle refrigerant stock is released to atmosphere each year: 60% from service and end-of-life; 40% from system leaks.

IEA study cites modern car aircon refrigerant charges (presumably from new) of 550-900g HFC-134a which is overcharged from the optimum of 250-300g. This overcharge is more than sufficient to cover the entire lifetime of the vehicle in normal conditions. Australian industry sources indicate about 700g initial charge. We propose a reasonable figure for average in use charge of about 500g for stock estimation purposes.www.iea.org/textbase/work/2006/car_cooling/Session3/3b%20Clodic%20New%20evidence%20on%20leakage.pdfin www.iea.org/Textbase/work/workshopdetail.asp?WS_ID=247

Av. Age of Vehicles on road, source ABS9309.0 Motor Vehicle Sensis, 2006Campervans were the oldest vehicles registered with an average age of 18.9 years, while motorcycles were the youngest vehicle type with an average age of 9.4 years. The average age of passenger vehicles dropped slightly from 10.1 years in 2002 to 9.8 years in 2006, with 21.0% of passenger vehicles manufactured before 1991. Includes buses, all categories of trucks, etc.

Transport vehicle air pollution, 2000

% NxO (kt) %Cars 2,777 78.0 261 45.0 416Light commercial vehicle 543 15.2 66 11.4 67

L/100km 0.8L/100km Trucks - rigid and other 61 1.7 56 9.7 17

paTrucks - articulated 36 1.0 79 13.6 10Buses 18 0.5 17 2.9 5Motorcycles 24 0.7 1 0.2 5

Total 3,459 97.1 479 82.8 520

Carbon monoxide (kt)

Volatile organic

compunds (kt)

% Vehicles in the garage with AC, source ABS4602.0 Environmental Views: People's Views & Practices, 2006pp 8, In March 2006, 90% of households in Australia kept at least one registered motor vehicle in their garage or dwelling and 51% had two or more. The majority (92%) of these registered motor vehicles in the garage have airconditioning.

No. of Passenger Vehicles in Australia in 2006:- 11,188,880ABS: http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/productsbyCatalogue/06D0E28CD6E66B8ACA2568A900139408?OpenDocument

pp 49, Airconditioning has become a standard feature in motor vehicles across Australia. In April 1996, 72% of motor vehicles in Australia had airconditioning. In March 2006, however, the proportion has increased significantly to 92%. Motor vehicles without airconditioning were most likely to be found in Tasmania (only 79% of households), but this level has more than doubled since 1996 (37%) (graph 3.6 and table 3.13, pp 57, Number of Registerd Motor Vehicles with Air Conditioning, 1996:2006).

pp 53, Total no of registered motor vehicles kept in 7,944,700 kept in dwellings or garage, see Tables 3.8 & 3.9.

Motor Vehicle Use, Fuel Consumption, source ABS9208.0 Survey of Motor Vehicle Use, 2004Passenger vehicles used 14,882 million litres of petrol in the 12 months ended 31 October 2004, of which 94.2% (14,021 million litres) was unleaded petrol. A total of 5,384 million litres of diesel fuel was used by articulated and rigid trucks. This was 65.3% of all diesel fuel used and represents 100.0% and 97.9% respectively of fuel consumption for these vehicle types. The total fuel consumption by other vehicles in the 12 months ended 31 October 2004 included 4,471 million litres of fuel by light commercial vehicles and 524 million litres of fuel by buses.

Motor Vehicle Stats, source ABS9309.0 Motor Vehicle Census, 2006, (PB Can be used to update tables to 2006).

Air Conditioning Fuel Consumption, source www.mynrma.com.au, NRMA’s Top Tips for reducing emissions and petrol use, Tip 3. In urban areas when the weather is fine, switch-off the airconditioning and open the windows - this reduces fuel consumption by up to 10%. At higher speeds, open windows can create as much drag as airconditioning so there’s little advantage in turning airconditioning off.

Source: http://www.iea.org/textbase/work/workshopdetail.asp?WS_ID=247, www.epa.gov/fueleconomy/420d06002.pdfAverage increase in fuel consumption of 26% for conventional (non-hybrid) vehicle while airconditioning on. This translates to 3-4% increase in annual city fuel consumption and 1-2% increase in highway consumption.

Air Conditioning Refrigerant Leakage http://refrigerants.dupont.com/Suva/en_US/pdf/k10795.pdfMain refrigerant is HFC-134a. 20% of in vehicle refrigerant stock is released to atmosphere each year: 60% from service and end-of-life; 40% from system leaks.

IEA study cites modern car aircon refrigerant charges (presumably from new) of 550-900g HFC-134a which is overcharged from the optimum of 250-300g. This overcharge is more than sufficient to cover the entire lifetime of the vehicle in normal conditions. Australian industry sources indicate about 700g initial charge. We propose a reasonable figure for average in use charge of about 500g for stock estimation purposes.www.iea.org/textbase/work/2006/car_cooling/Session3/3b%20Clodic%20New%20evidence%20on%20leakage.pdfin www.iea.org/Textbase/work/workshopdetail.asp?WS_ID=247

Av. Age of Vehicles on road, source ABS9309.0 Motor Vehicle Sensis, 2006Campervans were the oldest vehicles registered with an average age of 18.9 years, while motorcycles were the youngest vehicle type with an average age of 9.4 years. The average age of passenger vehicles dropped slightly from 10.1 years in 2002 to 9.8 years in 2006, with 21.0% of passenger vehicles manufactured before 1991. Includes buses, all categories of trucks, etc.

% Vehicles in the garage with AC, source ABS4602.0 Environmental Views: People's Views & Practices, 2006pp 8, In March 2006, 90% of households in Australia kept at least one registered motor vehicle in their garage or dwelling and 51% had two or more. The majority (92%) of these registered motor vehicles in the garage have airconditioning.

No. of Passenger Vehicles in Australia in 2006:- 11,188,880ABS: http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/productsbyCatalogue/06D0E28CD6E66B8ACA2568A900139408?OpenDocument

pp 49, Airconditioning has become a standard feature in motor vehicles across Australia. In April 1996, 72% of motor vehicles in Australia had airconditioning. In March 2006, however, the proportion has increased significantly to 92%. Motor vehicles without airconditioning were most likely to be found in Tasmania (only 79% of households), but this level has more than doubled since 1996 (37%) (graph 3.6 and table 3.13, pp 57, Number of Registerd Motor Vehicles with Air Conditioning, 1996:2006).

pp 53, Total no of registered motor vehicles kept in 7,944,700 kept in dwellings or garage, see Tables 3.8 & 3.9.

Motor Vehicle Use, Fuel Consumption, source ABS9208.0 Survey of Motor Vehicle Use, 2004Passenger vehicles used 14,882 million litres of petrol in the 12 months ended 31 October 2004, of which 94.2% (14,021 million litres) was unleaded petrol. A total of 5,384 million litres of diesel fuel was used by articulated and rigid trucks. This was 65.3% of all diesel fuel used and represents 100.0% and 97.9% respectively of fuel consumption for these vehicle types. The total fuel consumption by other vehicles in the 12 months ended 31 October 2004 included 4,471 million litres of fuel by light commercial vehicles and 524 million litres of fuel by buses.

Motor Vehicle Stats, source ABS9309.0 Motor Vehicle Census, 2006, (PB Can be used to update tables to 2006).

Air Conditioning Fuel Consumption, source www.mynrma.com.au, NRMA’s Top Tips for reducing emissions and petrol use, Tip 3. In urban areas when the weather is fine, switch-off the airconditioning and open the windows - this reduces fuel consumption by up to 10%. At higher speeds, open windows can create as much drag as airconditioning so there’s little advantage in turning airconditioning off.

Source: http://www.iea.org/textbase/work/workshopdetail.asp?WS_ID=247, www.epa.gov/fueleconomy/420d06002.pdfAverage increase in fuel consumption of 26% for conventional (non-hybrid) vehicle while airconditioning on. This translates to 3-4% increase in annual city fuel consumption and 1-2% increase in highway consumption.

Air Conditioning Refrigerant Leakage http://refrigerants.dupont.com/Suva/en_US/pdf/k10795.pdfMain refrigerant is HFC-134a. 20% of in vehicle refrigerant stock is released to atmosphere each year: 60% from service and end-of-life; 40% from system leaks.

IEA study cites modern car aircon refrigerant charges (presumably from new) of 550-900g HFC-134a which is overcharged from the optimum of 250-300g. This overcharge is more than sufficient to cover the entire lifetime of the vehicle in normal conditions. Australian industry sources indicate about 700g initial charge. We propose a reasonable figure for average in use charge of about 500g for stock estimation purposes.www.iea.org/textbase/work/2006/car_cooling/Session3/3b%20Clodic%20New%20evidence%20on%20leakage.pdfin www.iea.org/Textbase/work/workshopdetail.asp?WS_ID=247

Av. Age of Vehicles on road, source ABS9309.0 Motor Vehicle Sensis, 2006Campervans were the oldest vehicles registered with an average age of 18.9 years, while motorcycles were the youngest vehicle type with an average age of 9.4 years. The average age of passenger vehicles dropped slightly from 10.1 years in 2002 to 9.8 years in 2006, with 21.0% of passenger vehicles manufactured before 1991. Includes buses, all categories of trucks, etc.

%78.912.7

3.2

1.90.99.0

98.5

Domestic AppliancesOwnership (Ratio of Existing Stockto the # Households)Number of Households (000's) Qld NSW & ACT Vic TasFamily households: 2003 1,465.7 2,648.9 1,880.4 194.2Projected Family Households, 2006 1,583.1 2,773.3 1,975.6 202.8Stock of Refrigerators and Freezers* 2,554,243 4,474,563 3,187,519 327,206National average per HouseholdReplacement rate (10yr av life) 10.0%Total Dwellings approved 04-05^ 159,102Estimate total sales 2006

*"The estimated 13 million of refrigerators and freezers household refrigerators (in Australia) use about 24% of the electricity consumed by all domestic electrical appliances, equaling lighting (Energy Efficient Strategies, 2006; James, 2003). Refrigerators and freezers were estimated to account for nearly 17% of all greenhouse gas emissions in 2000. Although Australia has developed minimum energy performance standards for domestic refrigeration, there is still considerable technical potential to improve the energy efficiency of refrigerated appliances."

Original work quoted in 'ELECTRICITY USAGE IN THE AUSTRALIAN COLD CHAIN'Silvia Estrada-Flores1, PhD and Glenn Platt2, PhDFood Science Australia (a joint venture of CSIRO and the Victorian Government). PO Box 52, North Ryde NSW 1670, AustraliaNB - No time was invested in the course of the 'Chilling Insights' project to further validate this original estimate.

"In Australia, household refrigeration accounted for about 8,330 GWh of electricity use and 9.06 million tonnes of carbon dioxide-equivalent (Mt CO2-e) emissions in 2000 (Energy Consult, 2006). About 20% of this was due to freezers, and 80% to refrigerators (fresh food only) and refrigerator-freezers. Considering that refrigerator and freezer sales have increased by 2.6% per year (Energy Efficient Strategies, 2006), estimates for 2005 would be closer to 9,470 GWh per year."

Orignal work quoted by CSIRO Division of Energy Technology. PO Box 330. Newcastle, NSW 2300 Australia

^http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Previousproducts/1F455D0207F68721CA2570DE00185F72?opendocument

NT SA WA Aust55.3 627.2 768.5 7,640.267.2 649.0 806.3 8,057.3

108,423 1,047,125 1,300,920 13,000,0001.61

Sales for replacements 1,300,000Sales for new Dwelling (at national average) 256,702

1,556,702Average Value $480Total Purchases 2006 $747,217,018

*"The estimated 13 million of refrigerators and freezers household refrigerators (in Australia) use about 24% of the electricity consumed by all domestic electrical appliances, equaling lighting (Energy Efficient Strategies, 2006; James, 2003). Refrigerators and freezers were estimated to account for nearly 17% of all greenhouse gas emissions in 2000. Although Australia has developed minimum energy performance standards for domestic refrigeration, there is still considerable technical potential to improve the energy efficiency of refrigerated appliances."

Original work quoted in 'ELECTRICITY USAGE IN THE AUSTRALIAN COLD CHAIN'Silvia Estrada-Flores1, PhD and Glenn Platt2, PhDFood Science Australia (a joint venture of CSIRO and the Victorian Government). PO Box 52, North Ryde NSW 1670, AustraliaNB - No time was invested in the course of the 'Chilling Insights' project to further validate this original estimate.

"In Australia, household refrigeration accounted for about 8,330 GWh of electricity use and 9.06 million tonnes of carbon dioxide-equivalent (Mt CO2-e) emissions in 2000 (Energy Consult, 2006). About 20% of this was due to freezers, and 80% to refrigerators (fresh food only) and refrigerator-freezers. Considering that refrigerator and freezer sales have increased by 2.6% per year (Energy Efficient Strategies, 2006), estimates for 2005 would be closer to 9,470 GWh per year."

Orignal work quoted by CSIRO Division of Energy Technology. PO Box 330. Newcastle, NSW 2300 Australia

^http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Previousproducts/1F455D0207F68721CA2570DE00185F72?opendocument

*"The estimated 13 million of refrigerators and freezers household refrigerators (in Australia) use about 24% of the electricity consumed by all domestic electrical appliances, equaling lighting (Energy Efficient Strategies, 2006; James, 2003). Refrigerators and freezers were estimated to account for nearly 17% of all greenhouse gas emissions in 2000. Although Australia has developed minimum energy performance standards for domestic refrigeration, there is still considerable technical potential to improve the energy efficiency of refrigerated appliances."

Original work quoted in 'ELECTRICITY USAGE IN THE AUSTRALIAN COLD CHAIN'Silvia Estrada-Flores1, PhD and Glenn Platt2, PhDFood Science Australia (a joint venture of CSIRO and the Victorian Government). PO Box 52, North Ryde NSW 1670, AustraliaNB - No time was invested in the course of the 'Chilling Insights' project to further validate this original estimate.

"In Australia, household refrigeration accounted for about 8,330 GWh of electricity use and 9.06 million tonnes of carbon dioxide-equivalent (Mt CO2-e) emissions in 2000 (Energy Consult, 2006). About 20% of this was due to freezers, and 80% to refrigerators (fresh food only) and refrigerator-freezers. Considering that refrigerator and freezer sales have increased by 2.6% per year (Energy Efficient Strategies, 2006), estimates for 2005 would be closer to 9,470 GWh per year."

Orignal work quoted by CSIRO Division of Energy Technology. PO Box 330. Newcastle, NSW 2300 Australia

^http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Previousproducts/1F455D0207F68721CA2570DE00185F72?opendocument

Compressors (AC & Refrig) & Refrig. Condensing Unit Data

Product Type

Compressors:Domestic/small com 58,500 7Commercial: Refrig 29,750 4.8% 10Supermarket 1,200 17Commercial: A/C 63,000 10Large Reciprocating Compressors 600 25Screw (Ammonia) 30 - 200kW 120 25

Condensing UnitsSmall Commercial 25,350 4.8% 8Commercial 4,300 10

Rack Systems 100 25

Av. Size Cooling

(kW)

Quantity (Units)

p.a.Growth

(%)Est. Av. Life (Yrs)

The above data was provided by market leaders/suppliers & has been used to check data or assumptions in other work-sheets.

For example annual AC equipment sales data cross checked with 63,000 A/C compressors sold p.a. in Aust in 2006 by market leader.Split System Applications = 148,217 p.a. x 0.3 locally manf. x 1 per unit x 0.95 market share= 42,242RT Packages Applications = 5,194 p.a. x 0.6 locally manf. x 3 per unit x 0.7 market share = 6,544Spares = 0.12 x 63,000 = 7,560Swimming Pool HP = 900 x 0.95 = 855Other Manufactured Applications = 5,799 = less than 10%Confirms annual data for Split Systems & RT Packages is correct order of magnitude & study has not overlooked more than 10% of miscellaneous applications using A/C compressors

The above data was provided by market leaders/suppliers & has been used to check data or assumptions in other work-sheets.

For example annual AC equipment sales data cross checked with 63,000 A/C compressors sold p.a. in Aust in 2006 by market leader.Split System Applications = 148,217 p.a. x 0.3 locally manf. x 1 per unit x 0.95 market share= 42,242RT Packages Applications = 5,194 p.a. x 0.6 locally manf. x 3 per unit x 0.7 market share = 6,544Spares = 0.12 x 63,000 = 7,560Swimming Pool HP = 900 x 0.95 = 855Other Manufactured Applications = 5,799 = less than 10%Confirms annual data for Split Systems & RT Packages is correct order of magnitude & study has not overlooked more than 10% of miscellaneous applications using A/C compressors

Volumes and approximate values of bulk refrigerant gas imports is available. Requests have been made to get industry estimates of the proportion of various end uses. Without that information the import volumes do not add much understanding to the rest of the data.

AC Calculation Sheet (Regional Splits/Existing Stock/Average Size)Regional Split Calculations

Split Ducted Outdoor UnitsYear QLD NSW VIC TAS SA NT WA Total

& ACT & BH2,005 27,041 41,211 15,333 2,504 12,967 2,027 15,333 116,416

23.2% 35.4% 13.2% 2.2% 11.1% 1.7% 13.2% 100.0%

2,006 29,405 47,958 18,204 2,585 15,971 1,236 18,036 133,395

22.0% 36.0% 13.6% 1.9% 12.0% 0.9% 13.5% 100.0%

Av. 22.6% 35.7% 13.4% 2.0% 11.6% 1.3% 13.3% 100.0%

RT PackageYear QLD NSW VIC TAS SA NT WA Total

& ACT & BH2,005 1,015 891 1,331 26 315 95 456 4,129

24.6% 21.6% 32.2% 0.6% 7.6% 2.3% 11.0% 100.0%

2,006 1,029 1,018 1,494 22 359 98 655 4,675

22.0% 21.8% 32.0% 0.5% 7.7% 2.1% 14.0% 100.0%

Av. 23.3% 21.7% 32.1% 0.6% 7.7% 2.2% 12.5% 100.0%

Wall Mounted Split SystemsYear QLD NSW VIC TAS SA NT WA Total

& ACT & BH2,006 208,954 176,753 133,751 10,915 41,798 13,847 69,482 655,550

31.9% 27.0% 20.4% 1.7% 6.4% 2.1% 10.6% 100.0%

2,003 109,577 118,407 76,497 7,872 25,309 7,887 53,495 399,044

27.5% 29.7% 19.2% 2.0% 6.3% 2.0% 13.4% 100.0%

318,531 295,160 210,248 18,787 67,107 21,734 122,977 1,054,594

Av. 30.2% 28.0% 19.9% 1.8% 6.4% 2.1% 11.7% 100.0%

ABS Import Data Obtained (mix of old & new codes due to changes)

Obtained data on new codes 8415100037, 8415100038, 8415100039, 8415100049 includes Window or wall type split systems (all kW sizes covered by codes) for Years 2006, 2005, 2004, 2003, 2002

Plus data on old codes 8415820061, Air Conditioning incorporating a refrigerating unit 8415100045, 8415100046, 8415100047, 8415100048 includes Window/wall type air cond. machines, self-contained (all kW sizes covered by codes) for Years 2001, 2000, 1999, 1998, 1997

Import code descriptors & history is listed below:-

Current 10 digit codes and their descriptors:8415100037 Window or wall-type self contained or split system air conditioning machines less than 3 kW8415100038 Window or wall-type self contained or split system air conditioning machines 3 kW or more but less than 4 kW8415100039 Window or wall-type self contained or split system air conditioning machines 4 kW or more but less than 5 kW8415100049 Window or wall-type self contained or split system air conditioning machines 5 kW or more

Code history:8415100037 This code commenced on 1/1/2002; the previous codes were 8415820061 and 8415100045, both of which ceased on 31/12/20068415100038 This code commenced on 1/1/2002; the previous codes were 8415820061 and 8415100046, both of which ceased on 31/12/20068415100039 This code commenced on 1/1/2002; the previous codes were 8415820061 and 8415100047, both of which ceased on 31/12/20068415100049 This code commenced on 1/1/2002; the previous codes were 8415820061 and 8415100048, both of which ceased on 31/12/2006

Previous 10 digit codes and their descriptors:8415820061 Air conditioning machines incorporating a refrigerating unit (excl. those for use in motor vehicles, window or wall types, self-contained, and those incorporating a refrigerating unit and a valve for reversal of the cooling/heat cycle)8415100045 Window/wall type air cond. machines, self-contained, not exc 3.0 kW, comprising a motor-driven fan & elements for changing the temp. & humidity (incl those machines in which the humidity cannot be separately regulated)8415100046 Window/wall type air cond. machines, self-contained, exc 3.0 kW, but not exc 4.0 kW, comprising a motor-driven fan & elements for changing temp. & humid (incl those machines in which the humid cannot be separately regulated)8415100047 Window/wall type air cond. machines, self-contained, exc 4.0 kW, but not exc 5.0 kW, comprising a motor-driven fan & elements for changing temp. & humidity (incl those machines in which the humid cannot be separately regulated)8415100048 Window/wall type air cond. machines, self-contained, exc 5.0 kW, comprising a motor-driven fan & elements for changing temp. & humidity (incl those machines in which the humidity cannot be separately regulated)

Existing Stock Calculations & assumptions:Assumed 100% systems were in service for the nominal warranty period (for domestic applications) then discounted the % in service to a typical life span. Split Systems (Warranty period: majors = 5 yrs/minors = 3 yrs, used 4 yrs), then discounted to 70% at 10 years & 60% at 12 years)WHS Systems (Warranty period: majors = 5 yrs/minors = 3 yrs, used 4 yrs), then discounted to 60% at 10 yearsWindow/Wall (Warranty period: 3 yrs), then discounted to 65% at 10 years & 55% at 12 years)Evaporative Coolers (Warranty period: 3 yrs), then discounted to 70% at 10 years & 60% at 12 years)

Existing Stock can be subjective as units can still be installed, however not operated or only used occasionally (a good example of this is a wall unit replaced by a WHS System, wall units are rarely replaced in a domestic application as it involves re-plastering & filling the external hole at a cost of $500 to $1,000).

There is limited research in this area, however one reference is as follows: Status of AC in Australia, EES, 2005 pp12 Studies undertaken by Test Research in 1995 indicate the av. age of AC's to be 8 years, with the av, retirement age of 12 to 18 years (depending on installation, type), which was broadly consistent with BIS Shrapnel Data collected in 2004. Until a more comprehensive study is undertaken intuition from industry Product Managers & Service Managers is the best guide.

WHS Systems (Warranty period: majors = 5 yrs/minors = 3 yrs, used 4 yrs), then discounted to 60% at 10 years

Window/Wall (Warranty period: 3 yrs), then discounted to 65% at 10 years & 55% at 12 years)

Evaporative Coolers (Warranty period: 3 yrs), then discounted to 70% at 10 years & 60% at 12 yrs)

ABS Import Data Obtained (mix of old & new codes due to changes)

Obtained data on new codes 8415100037, 8415100038, 8415100039, 8415100049 includes Window or wall type split systems (all kW sizes covered by codes) for Years 2006, 2005, 2004, 2003, 2002

Plus data on old codes 8415820061, Air Conditioning incorporating a refrigerating unit 8415100045, 8415100046, 8415100047, 8415100048 includes Window/wall type air cond. machines, self-contained (all kW sizes covered by codes) for Years 2001, 2000, 1999, 1998, 1997

Import code descriptors & history is listed below:-

Current 10 digit codes and their descriptors:8415100037 Window or wall-type self contained or split system air conditioning machines less than 3 kW8415100038 Window or wall-type self contained or split system air conditioning machines 3 kW or more but less than 4 kW8415100039 Window or wall-type self contained or split system air conditioning machines 4 kW or more but less than 5 kW8415100049 Window or wall-type self contained or split system air conditioning machines 5 kW or more

Code history:8415100037 This code commenced on 1/1/2002; the previous codes were 8415820061 and 8415100045, both of which ceased on 31/12/20068415100038 This code commenced on 1/1/2002; the previous codes were 8415820061 and 8415100046, both of which ceased on 31/12/20068415100039 This code commenced on 1/1/2002; the previous codes were 8415820061 and 8415100047, both of which ceased on 31/12/20068415100049 This code commenced on 1/1/2002; the previous codes were 8415820061 and 8415100048, both of which ceased on 31/12/2006

Previous 10 digit codes and their descriptors:8415820061 Air conditioning machines incorporating a refrigerating unit (excl. those for use in motor vehicles, window or wall types, self-contained, and those incorporating a refrigerating unit and a valve for reversal of the cooling/heat cycle)8415100045 Window/wall type air cond. machines, self-contained, not exc 3.0 kW, comprising a motor-driven fan & elements for changing the temp. & humidity (incl those machines in which the humidity cannot be separately regulated)8415100046 Window/wall type air cond. machines, self-contained, exc 3.0 kW, but not exc 4.0 kW, comprising a motor-driven fan & elements for changing temp. & humid (incl those machines in which the humid cannot be separately regulated)8415100047 Window/wall type air cond. machines, self-contained, exc 4.0 kW, but not exc 5.0 kW, comprising a motor-driven fan & elements for changing temp. & humidity (incl those machines in which the humid cannot be separately regulated)8415100048 Window/wall type air cond. machines, self-contained, exc 5.0 kW, comprising a motor-driven fan & elements for changing temp. & humidity (incl those machines in which the humidity cannot be separately regulated)

Existing Base Calculation

Product Type

Split Systems 148,217 15% 12 0%

VRV Systems 3,000 25% 15

Wall Hung Split Systems 874,000 20.3% 30% 15% 10

Window/Wall Units - 12

RT Packaged 5,194 1% 20

Evaporative Coolers 70,000 -3% 13

Gas Ducted Heaters 69,130 6% 15

Chillers > & = 530 kW 415 3.0% 25

Chillers < 530 kW 192 3.0% 25

Precision Control A/C 3% 20

ABS Import Data

Year Value $ Av. Value %

1997 231,800 114,231 493 27000 12%

Quantity (Units)

p.a.Growth

(%)Growth

(%)Growth

(%)Est. Av. Life (Yrs)

Accelerate Retirement

%

Volume Units

Split Systems

ABS Import Data Obtained (mix of old & new codes due to changes)

Obtained data on new codes 8415100037, 8415100038, 8415100039, 8415100049 includes Window or wall type split systems (all kW sizes covered by codes) for Years 2006, 2005, 2004, 2003, 2002

Plus data on old codes 8415820061, Air Conditioning incorporating a refrigerating unit 8415100045, 8415100046, 8415100047, 8415100048 includes Window/wall type air cond. machines, self-contained (all kW sizes covered by codes) for Years 2001, 2000, 1999, 1998, 1997

Import code descriptors & history is listed below:-

Current 10 digit codes and their descriptors:8415100037 Window or wall-type self contained or split system air conditioning machines less than 3 kW8415100038 Window or wall-type self contained or split system air conditioning machines 3 kW or more but less than 4 kW8415100039 Window or wall-type self contained or split system air conditioning machines 4 kW or more but less than 5 kW8415100049 Window or wall-type self contained or split system air conditioning machines 5 kW or more

Code history:8415100037 This code commenced on 1/1/2002; the previous codes were 8415820061 and 8415100045, both of which ceased on 31/12/20068415100038 This code commenced on 1/1/2002; the previous codes were 8415820061 and 8415100046, both of which ceased on 31/12/20068415100039 This code commenced on 1/1/2002; the previous codes were 8415820061 and 8415100047, both of which ceased on 31/12/20068415100049 This code commenced on 1/1/2002; the previous codes were 8415820061 and 8415100048, both of which ceased on 31/12/2006

Previous 10 digit codes and their descriptors:8415820061 Air conditioning machines incorporating a refrigerating unit (excl. those for use in motor vehicles, window or wall types, self-contained, and those incorporating a refrigerating unit and a valve for reversal of the cooling/heat cycle)8415100045 Window/wall type air cond. machines, self-contained, not exc 3.0 kW, comprising a motor-driven fan & elements for changing the temp. & humidity (incl those machines in which the humidity cannot be separately regulated)8415100046 Window/wall type air cond. machines, self-contained, exc 3.0 kW, but not exc 4.0 kW, comprising a motor-driven fan & elements for changing temp. & humid (incl those machines in which the humid cannot be separately regulated)8415100047 Window/wall type air cond. machines, self-contained, exc 4.0 kW, but not exc 5.0 kW, comprising a motor-driven fan & elements for changing temp. & humidity (incl those machines in which the humid cannot be separately regulated)8415100048 Window/wall type air cond. machines, self-contained, exc 5.0 kW, comprising a motor-driven fan & elements for changing temp. & humidity (incl those machines in which the humidity cannot be separately regulated)

Existing Stock Calculations & assumptions:Assumed 100% systems were in service for the nominal warranty period (for domestic applications) then discounted the % in service to a typical life span. Split Systems (Warranty period: majors = 5 yrs/minors = 3 yrs, used 4 yrs), then discounted to 70% at 10 years & 60% at 12 years)WHS Systems (Warranty period: majors = 5 yrs/minors = 3 yrs, used 4 yrs), then discounted to 60% at 10 yearsWindow/Wall (Warranty period: 3 yrs), then discounted to 65% at 10 years & 55% at 12 years)Evaporative Coolers (Warranty period: 3 yrs), then discounted to 70% at 10 years & 60% at 12 years)

Existing Stock can be subjective as units can still be installed, however not operated or only used occasionally (a good example of this is a wall unit replaced by a WHS System, wall units are rarely replaced in a domestic application as it involves re-plastering & filling the external hole at a cost of $500 to $1,000).

There is limited research in this area, however one reference is as follows: Status of AC in Australia, EES, 2005 pp12 Studies undertaken by Test Research in 1995 indicate the av. age of AC's to be 8 years, with the av, retirement age of 12 to 18 years (depending on installation, type), which was broadly consistent with BIS Shrapnel Data collected in 2004. Until a more comprehensive study is undertaken intuition from industry Product Managers & Service Managers is the best guide.

WHS Systems (Warranty period: majors = 5 yrs/minors = 3 yrs, used 4 yrs), then discounted to 60% at 10 years

Window/Wall (Warranty period: 3 yrs), then discounted to 65% at 10 years & 55% at 12 years)

Evaporative Coolers (Warranty period: 3 yrs), then discounted to 70% at 10 years & 60% at 12 yrs)

1998 323,556 171,596 530 32000 14%1999 299,714 157,235 525 37000 16%2000 269,882 158,151 586 42000 18%2001 364,527 207,060 568 47000 20%2002 549,288 243,770 444 52000 22%2003 822,777 334,037 406 57,217 25%2004 1,165,739 423,784 364 92,959 40%2005 1,013,727 374,046 369 88,476 38%2006 1,061,758 453,945 428 103,752 45%

ABS Import Data Obtained (mix of old & new codes due to changes)

Obtained data on new codes 8415100037, 8415100038, 8415100039, 8415100049 includes Window or wall type split systems (all kW sizes covered by codes) for Years 2006, 2005, 2004, 2003, 2002

Plus data on old codes 8415820061, Air Conditioning incorporating a refrigerating unit 8415100045, 8415100046, 8415100047, 8415100048 includes Window/wall type air cond. machines, self-contained (all kW sizes covered by codes) for Years 2001, 2000, 1999, 1998, 1997

Import code descriptors & history is listed below:-

Current 10 digit codes and their descriptors:8415100037 Window or wall-type self contained or split system air conditioning machines less than 3 kW8415100038 Window or wall-type self contained or split system air conditioning machines 3 kW or more but less than 4 kW8415100039 Window or wall-type self contained or split system air conditioning machines 4 kW or more but less than 5 kW8415100049 Window or wall-type self contained or split system air conditioning machines 5 kW or more

Code history:8415100037 This code commenced on 1/1/2002; the previous codes were 8415820061 and 8415100045, both of which ceased on 31/12/20068415100038 This code commenced on 1/1/2002; the previous codes were 8415820061 and 8415100046, both of which ceased on 31/12/20068415100039 This code commenced on 1/1/2002; the previous codes were 8415820061 and 8415100047, both of which ceased on 31/12/20068415100049 This code commenced on 1/1/2002; the previous codes were 8415820061 and 8415100048, both of which ceased on 31/12/2006

Previous 10 digit codes and their descriptors:8415820061 Air conditioning machines incorporating a refrigerating unit (excl. those for use in motor vehicles, window or wall types, self-contained, and those incorporating a refrigerating unit and a valve for reversal of the cooling/heat cycle)8415100045 Window/wall type air cond. machines, self-contained, not exc 3.0 kW, comprising a motor-driven fan & elements for changing the temp. & humidity (incl those machines in which the humidity cannot be separately regulated)8415100046 Window/wall type air cond. machines, self-contained, exc 3.0 kW, but not exc 4.0 kW, comprising a motor-driven fan & elements for changing temp. & humid (incl those machines in which the humid cannot be separately regulated)8415100047 Window/wall type air cond. machines, self-contained, exc 4.0 kW, but not exc 5.0 kW, comprising a motor-driven fan & elements for changing temp. & humidity (incl those machines in which the humid cannot be separately regulated)8415100048 Window/wall type air cond. machines, self-contained, exc 5.0 kW, comprising a motor-driven fan & elements for changing temp. & humidity (incl those machines in which the humidity cannot be separately regulated)

2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999

Sold 148,217 129,351 139,369 88,027 86,667 78,333 70,000 61,667Growth 148,217 125,984 109,948 118,464

Imported 103,752 88,476 92,959 57,217 52,000 47,000 42,000 37,000% Imported 70% 68% 67% 65% 60% 60% 60% 60%% in Service 100% 100% 100% 100% 95% 90% 85% 80%

838,130 148,217 129,351 139,369 88,027 82,333 70,500 59,500 49,333Sold 3,000 2250 1688 1181 827 579 405

% in Service 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%9,930 3,000 2,250 1,688 1,181 827 579 405

Method 1 874,000 697,015 555,869 443,306 310,314 217,220 152,054 106,438Method 2 874,000 697,015 555,869 443,306 286,000 141,000 126,000 111,000

Av. 874,000 697,015 555,869 443,306 298,157 179,110 139,027 108,719% in Service 100% 100% 100% 100% 94% 88% 82% 76%3,315,474 874,000 697,015 555,869 443,306 280,268 157,617 114,002 82,626Imported 166,807 147,987 316,911 322,254 211,288 176,527 101,882 151,714

% Imported 100% 100% 100% 100% 80% 80% 70% 70%Total 166,807 147,987 316,911 322,254 264,110 220,659 145,546 216,734

% in Service 100% 100% 100% 95% 90% 85% 80% 75%2,234,674 166,807 147,987 316,911 306,141 237,699 187,560 116,437 162,551

Sold 5,194 4588 4686 4861 4800 4800 4800 4800% in Service 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 98% 95% 90%

68,337 5,194 4,588 4,686 4,861 4,800 4,704 4,560 4,32070,000 72100 74263 76491 78786 81149 83584 86091100% 100% 100% 96% 92% 88% 84% 80%

823,384 70,000 72,100 74,263 73,431 72,483 71,411 70,210 68,873Sold 65492 61785 58287 59931 55856 48659 52242 51163

% in Service 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 98% 95%675,696 65492 61785 58287 59931 55856 48659 50936 48605

415 403 390 379 367 356 346 335% in Service 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

6,939 415 403 390 379 367 356 346 335192 186 181 175 170 165 160 155

% in Service 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%2,886 192 186 181 175 170 165 160 155

960 931 903 876 850 824 800 776% in Service 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 98% 95% 90%

11,036 960 931 903 876 850 808 760 698

VRV % % Window % Total Total

0 0% 81000 3.0 35% 123,800 53% 231,803 231803

Existing Stock

Wall Mounted

Ratio Split/Wall

Existing Stock Calculations & assumptions:Assumed 100% systems were in service for the nominal warranty period (for domestic applications) then discounted the % in service to a typical life span. Split Systems (Warranty period: majors = 5 yrs/minors = 3 yrs, used 4 yrs), then discounted to 70% at 10 years & 60% at 12 years)WHS Systems (Warranty period: majors = 5 yrs/minors = 3 yrs, used 4 yrs), then discounted to 60% at 10 yearsWindow/Wall (Warranty period: 3 yrs), then discounted to 65% at 10 years & 55% at 12 years)Evaporative Coolers (Warranty period: 3 yrs), then discounted to 70% at 10 years & 60% at 12 years)

Existing Stock can be subjective as units can still be installed, however not operated or only used occasionally (a good example of this is a wall unit replaced by a WHS System, wall units are rarely replaced in a domestic application as it involves re-plastering & filling the external hole at a cost of $500 to $1,000).

There is limited research in this area, however one reference is as follows: Status of AC in Australia, EES, 2005 pp12 Studies undertaken by Test Research in 1995 indicate the av. age of AC's to be 8 years, with the av, retirement age of 12 to 18 years (depending on installation, type), which was broadly consistent with BIS Shrapnel Data collected in 2004. Until a more comprehensive study is undertaken intuition from industry Product Managers & Service Managers is the best guide.

0 0% 96000 3.0 30% 195,556 60% 323,559 3235590 0% 111000 3.0 37% 151,714 51% 299,718 299717

100 0% 126000 3.0 47% 101,882 38% 269,986 269985405 0% 141000 3.0 39% 176,527 48% 364,936 364935579 0% 286000 5.5 52% 211,288 38% 549,873 549873827 0% 443306 7.7 54% 322,254 39% 823,613 823612

1,181 1% 555869 6.0 48% 516,911 44% 1,166,920 11669262,250 1% 697015 7.9 69% 147,807 15% 935,548 10159853000 1% 874000 8.4 77% 166,807 15% 1,147,569 1138157

2005 697015 2282362006 874000 157397

1998 1996 1995 1994 1993 1991 1990

53,333 45,000 45,000 45,000

32,000 27,000 27000 2700060% 60% 60% 60%75% 70% 65% 60%

40,000 31,500 29,250 27,000

90,472 76,90196,000 81,000 80,00093,236 78,95168% 60%

63,401 47,370195,556 123,800 120,000 120,000

70% 60% 55% 50%279,366 206,333 218,182 240,000 230,000

70% 65% 60% 55%195,556 134,117 130,909 132,000

4800 4800 4800 4800 4800 4800 4800 4800 480085% 80% 75% 70% 62% 56% 50% 44% 38%4,080 3,840 3,600 3,360 2,976 2,688 2,400 2,112 1,82488674 91334 94074 9689676% 70% 65% 60%

67,392 63,934 61,148 58,13849782 48438 47130 45857 44619 43414 42242 41102 3999290% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 25% 20%

44804 38750 32991 27514 22310 17366 12673 10275 7998325 315 306 297 288 279 271 263 255

100% 100% 98% 95% 90% 85% 80% 77% 74%325 315 298 282 259 237 217 202 189150 146 142 137 133 129 125 122 118

100% 100% 98% 95% 90% 85% 80% 77% 74%150 146 138 130 120 110 100 94 87752 730 708 687 666 646 627 608 59085% 80% 75% 70% 62% 56% 50% 44% 38%640 584 531 481 413 362 313 267 224

1997 231,800

1997 10 Years

1992 15 Years

1998 323,5561999 299,7142000 269,8822001 364,5272002 549,2882003 822,7772004 1,165,7392005 1,013,7272006 1,061,758

1989 1988 1986 1985 1984 1983 1981

4800 4800 480032% 26% 20%1,536 1,248 960

38912 37862 3683915% 10% 5%5837 3786 1842247 240 233 226 219 212 206 200 19471% 0.68 0.65 0.62 0.59 0.56 0.53 0.5 0.47176 163 151 140 129 119 109 100 91114 111 108 104 101 98 95 9271% 68% 65% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20%81 75 70 63 51 39 29 18

572 555 53832% 26% 20%183 144 108

1987 20 Years

1982 25 Years

1980 1979 1978 1976 1976 1976 1976

Total Up to 18

188 182 177 172 166 161 157 152 1470.44 0.41 0.38 0.35 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.15 0.183 75 67 60 50 40 31 23 15

>90 to 120

>120 to 160

Over 160

Total Over 18

Total Heat Pump

Gas Ducted Heaters

1977 30 Years

1976 35 Years

Total Standard Plus Condensing

Average Size Calculations

Split SystemsHeat Pump Up to 2.5 53 Cooling Only Up to 2.5 1 54 2.5 135

>2.5 to 4 1,252 >2.5 to 4 40 1,292 4 5168>4 to 7.5 17,155 >4 to 7.5 614 17,769 7.5 133268

>7.5 to 10 21,178 >7.5 to 10 904 22,082 10 220820>10 to 12.5 17,672 >10 to 12.5 883 18,555 12.5 231938

>12.5 to 15.5 24,532 >12.5 to 15.5 2,027 26,559 15.5 411665>15.5 to 18 25,099 >15.5 to 18 904 26,003 18 468054

Total Up to 18 106,941 Total Up to 18 5,373 112,314>18 to 25 8,307 >18 to 25 75 8,382 25 209550>25 to 30 2,608 >25 to 30 72 2,680 30 80400

>30 to 37.5 631 >30 to 37.5 45 676 37.5 25350>37.5 to 45 486 >37.5 to 45 37 523 45 23535

>45 to 65 434 >45 to 65 48 482 65 31330>65 to 77.5 170 >65 to 77.5 12 182 77.5 14105>77.5 to 90 61 >77.5 to 90 9 70 90 6300>90 to 120 58 >90 to 120 27 85 120 10200

>120 to 160 11 >120 to 160 6 17 160 2720Over 160 6 Over 160 15 21 250 5250

Total Over 18 12,772 Total Over 18 346 13,118Total Heat Pump 119,713 Total Cooling Only 5,719 125,432 1879787

Total Outdoor Units 125,432 14.99RT Packaged

Up to 7.5 3 Up to 7.5 0 3 7.5 22.5>7.5 to 10 66 >7.5 to 10 4 70 10 700

>10 to 12.5 126 >10 to 12.5 6 132 12.5 1650>12.5 to 15.5 199 >12.5 to 15.5 125 324 15.5 5022

>15.5 to 18 279 >15.5 to 18 29 308 18 5544Total Up to 18 673 Total Up to 18 164 837

>18 to 25 517 > 18 to 25 68 585 25 14625>25 to 30 480 >25 to 30 39 519 30 15570

>30 to 37.5 374 >30 to 37.5 35 409 37.5 15337.5>37.5 to 45 356 >37.5 to 45 33 389 45 17505

>45 to 65 680 >45 to 65 76 756 65 49140>65 to 77.5 208 >65 to 77.5 4 212 77.5 16430>77.5 to 90 169 >77.5 to 90 21 190 90 17100

235 >90 to 120 25 260 120 3120042 >120 to 160 5 47 160 752013 Over 160 0 13 250 3250

3,074 Total Over 18 306 3,3803,747 l Cooling Only 470 4,217 158646

4,21737.62

Gas Ducted Heaters

Up to 15Kw 9,114 15 136710>15 to 22Kw 30,111 22 662442>22 to 29Kw 6,220 26 161720

Over 29Kw 11,089 33 365937Total Standard Plus Condensing 56,534 365937

6.5Wall Hung Splits

Up to 2 2880 1039 3919 7838>2.to 3 62836 17709 80545 241635>3 to 4 53884 8527 62411 249644

>4 to 4.6 3714 294 4008 18436.8>4.6 to 5.4 37903 4476 42379 228846.6>5.4 to 7.5 140445 12636 153081 1148108>7.5 to 18 46164 6116 52280 470520

Over 18 421 0 421 7578348247 50797 399044 2372606

5.9

Split System Sales

Product Type Year Value ($000)

Indoor Unit 2006 136830 146626Outdoor Unit 133395 15% 278753Split System Total 425379Indoor Unit 2005 117670 121770Outdoor Unit 116416 -7% 238923Split System Total 360695Indoor Unit 2004 - 127470 131969Outdoor Unit - 125432 58% 260918Split System Total 15.0 - 392887Indoor Unit 2003 - -Outdoor Unit 79224 -Split System Total - 254485

Notes & Assumptions:Unit volumes & values are for suppliers/manufacturers & do not include retail/wholesalersAv. kW size is weight value based on unit volumesSplit systems includes ducted, cassette, console & under ceilingApplications include residential & light commercial100% Powered by Electricity

Participants:TemperzoneCarrierECPMitsubishi ElectricHitachi AustraliaLG ElectronicsPanasonicFujitsu General

TraneLennoxSamsungActron AirDaikin

Av. Size (kW)

Quantity (Units)

Growth (%)

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries

Av. Value

10722090 90% 148,217 70% 103,752318910352052 90% 129,351 68.4% 88,476309810352080 90% 139,369 66.7% 92,9593132

-- 90% 88,027 65% 57,217

3212

Est. Participati

on Rate

Est. Quantity

Sold (Units)Est.

ImportedEst.

Imported (Units)

Product Type Year Value ($000)

RT Packaged Systems 2006 4675 13% 385762005 4129 -2% 348232004 47.6 4217 -4% 355892003 4375 39321

Notes & Assumptions:Unit volumes & values are for suppliers/manufacturers & do not include retail/wholesalersAv. kW size is weight value based on unit volumesOver 95% of applications are commercial95% Powered by Electricity & 5% Powered by Gas

Participants:TemperzoneCarrierECPMitsubishi ElectricHitachi AustraliaLG Electronics

TraneLennoxActron AirDaikin

Av. Size (kW)

Quantity (Units)

Growth (%)

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries

Av. Value

11% 8252 90% 25% 25-2% 8471-9% 8440

8988

Growth (%)

Est. Participation Rate

Est. Imported

Est. Av. Life (Yrs)

Product Type Year Value ($000)

Wall Mounted 2006 6 655500

Notes & Assumptions:Unit volumes & values are for suppliers/manufacturers & do not include retail/wholesalersAv. kW size is weight value based on unit volumes100% Powered by ElectricityMajority sold in 2006/7 were inverter, except QldLarge majority are reverse cycle

Key Participants:ElectroluxCarrierECPMitsubishi ElectricHitachi AustraliaLG ElectronicsPanasonicFujitsu General

TraneLennoxSamsungActron AirDaikinNECSharpSanyoCooline

Av. Size (kW)

Quantity (Units)

Growth (%)

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries

Over 100 Brands in split market

Av. Value

75%

Growth (%)

Est. Participation Rate

Est. Imported

Product Type Year Value ($000)

2006 622172005 58695

Gas Ducted Heaters 2004 23.5 55373 -3%2003 56934 7%2002 53063 15%2001 46226 -7%2000 49630 2%1999 48605

Notes & Assumptions:Unit volumes & values are for suppliers/manufacturers & do not include retail/wholesalersAv. kW size is weight value based on unit volumesOver 90% of applications domestic100% Powered by Natural Gas or LPG

Participants:Climate Technologies - VulcanBrivisSeely - BreamarLennoxStadt (in liquidation)

Av. Size (kW)

Quantity (Units)

Growth (%)

Av. Value

90% 15% 15

- - -

Growth (%)

Est. Participation Rate

Est. Imported

Est. Av. Life (Yrs)

AGO Factors and Methods Workbook, Department of the Environment and Heritage, December 2006

Table 3: Fuel combustion emission factors (Transport Fuels)Fuel

Energy content Emission factor for scope 1 Emission factor for scope 3

(indirect EF for fuel extraction emissions)A B C D

GJ/kL kg CO2-e/GJ t CO2-e/kL kg CO2-e/GJ

Automotive gasoline 34.2 69.4 2.4 7.8(petrol)Automotive diesel oil 38.6 69.8 2.7 7.8(diesel)Aviation gasoline 33.1 66.7 2.2 7.8Aviation turbine 36.8 70.7 2.6 7.8Fuel oil 40.8 74.3 3 7.8LPG 26.2 61.5 1.6 7.8Biofuels aE-10 molasses 32.9 62.4 2.1 6E-10 wheat starch 32.9 62.4 2.1 7.3BD 100 (canola) 34.7 0.8 0 59BD100 (tallow) 34.7 0.8 0 54.3BD100 (waste oil) 34.7 0.8 0 7.4BD20 (canola) 37.8 54.7 2.1 16.1BD20 (tallow) 37.8 54.7 2.1 16.9BD20 (waste oil) 37.8 54.7 2.1 7.1

GJ/m3 kg CO2-e/GJ t CO2-e/m3 kg CO2-e/GJNatural gas b (LDV c) 0.0395 57.2 0.0023 11.4Natural gas b (HDV c) 0.0395 53.8 0.0021 11.4

Notes: * All emission factors incorporate relevant oxidation factors (sourced from the AGO’s National Inventory Report).

(direct / point source EF for combustion emissions

Respective Scope 1 CO2 factors are available from the AGO’s National Inventory Report.a AGO estimates, derived from ‘Appropriateness of a 350 Million Litre Biofuels Target’, December 2003, CSIRO, ABARE,BTRE. The emission factors reported here are default factors - to be used in the absence of better data on emissions that mayresult, for example, on actual production methods employed. b. The emission factors for natural gas engines are indicativeonly. From AGO experience with the Alternative Fuels Conversion Programme, the AGO has discovered that many natural gasengines, whether dual fuel or dedicated, emit significant amounts of unburnt fuel to the atmosphere. This level of methane isdependent on a range of factors and varies from system to system. An accurate emissions factor therefore requires measurementof at least CO2 and CH4 for each engine type. c. LDV stands for Light Duty Vehicles, e.g. forklifts, and HDV stands for HeavyDuty Vehicles, e.g. buses.

Table 18: Emission factors for consumption of purchased electricity—for end users (not distributors)State EF for scope 2 EF for scope 3

Direct / point source EF for combustion emissionsA B C D

kg CO2-e/ kg CO2-e/ kg CO2-e/ kg CO2-e/kWh GJ kWh GJ

NSW & ACT 0.893 248 0.176 49VIC 1.239 344 0.086 24QLD 0.903 251 0.143 40SA 0.865 240 0.177 49WA (SWIS) 0.84 233 0.096 27TAS 0.05 14 0.01 3NT 0.682 189 0.034 9

Notes: a The emission factors should be applied to the amount of electricity actually consumed (i.e. the amount shown on theelectricity bill). A technical explanation of the definitions and units of these factors are provided in the box on pages 14 and15. b kg CO2-e/GJ is the same as kt CO2-e/PJ and Gg CO2-e/PJ. Transmission and distribution network operators shoulduse the EFs in Appendix 6.

Table 23: Global Warming PotentialsGas Chemical formula IPCC 1996 Global

Warming Potential

Indirect EF for fuel extraction and line loss (T&D) emissions

Carbon dioxide CO2 1Methane CH4 21Nitrous oxide N2O 310Hydrofluorocarbons HFCsHFC-23 CHF3 11,700HFC-32 CH2F2 650HFC-41 CH3F 150HFC-43-10mee C5H2F10 1,300HFC-125 C2HF5 2,800HFC-134 C2H2F4 (CHF2CHF2) 1,000HFC-134a C2H2F4 (CH2FCF3) 1,300HFC-143 C2H3F3 (CHF2CH2F) 300HFC-143a C2H3F3 (CF3CH3) 3,800HFC-152a C2H4F2 (CH3CHF2) 140HFC-227ea C3HF7 2,900HFC-236fa C3H2F6 6,300HFC-245ca C3H3F5 560Hydrofluoroethers (HFEs)HFE-7100 C4F9OCH3 500HFE-7200 C4F9OC2H5 100Perfluorocarbons PFCsPerfluoromethane (tetrafluoromethane) CF4 6,500Perfluoroethane (hexafluoroethane) C2F6 9,200Perfluoropropane C3F8 7,000Perfluorobutane C4F10 7,000Perfluorocyclobutane c-C4F8 8,700Perfluoropentane C5F12 7,500Perfluorohexane C6F14 7,400Sulphur hexafluoride SF6 23,900Indirect gasesCarbon monoxide CO not applicableOxides of nitrogen NOx not applicable

Non-methane volatile organic compoun various not applicable(NMVOCs)

Emission factor for scope 3 Full fuel cycle emission factor

(indirect EF for fuel extraction emissions) (= EF for scope 1 + scope 2)E F G

t CO2-e/kL kg CO2-e/GJ t CO2-e/kL

0.3 77.2 2.6

0.3 77.6 3

0.3 74.5 2.50.3 78.5 2.90.3 82.1 3.30.2 69.3 1.8

0.2 68.5 2.30.2 69.7 2.42.1 59.8 2.11.9 55.1 1.90.3 8.1 0.30.6 70.9 2.70.6 71.6 2.70.3 61.8 2.3

t CO2-e/m3 kg CO2-e/GJ t CO2-e/m30.00045 68.6 0.00270.00045 65.2 0.0026

Full fuel cycle EF

(= EF for scope 2 + scope 3)E F

kg CO2-e/ kg CO2-e/kWh GJ

1.068 2971.325 3681.046 2911.042 2900.936 260

0.06 170.716 199

Areas of Improvement to Enhance Accuracy & Fill Data GapsSurvey Daikin, Fujitsu, etc. % of Commercial AC to domestic on WHS Systems & Split Sytems.Industry # 's for Evaporative coolers (annual sales, existing stock & split by region).Effective operating time for Chillers for Commercial AC, Food Chain & Industrial Applications (used in Energy Calculation).Seasonal operating times used for calculating domestic operating hours are based on data quoted on www.energyrating.gov.au calculator, originally sourced based on EES estimates & ABS data (used in Energy Calculation for Domestic AC)Data gap in Industrial (Ammonia) Refrigeration, requires further investigation in this segment (nominated best estimate to complete analysis).Confirm data on self contained merchandising equipment & complete energy calculation.Obtain further data on Pubs, Clubs, Pubs/Clubs/Convenience Stores/Take Away Food & complete energy calculation (taking into account self contained merchandising equipment & coolrooms).Quotations to confirm av. consumer prices for residential applications (used to calculate Consumer Spend).More actual energy consumption data from Industry or Energy companies.

Effective operating time for Chillers for Commercial AC, Food Chain & Industrial Applications (used in Energy Calculation).Seasonal operating times used for calculating domestic operating hours are based on data quoted on www.energyrating.gov.au calculator, originally sourced based on EES estimates & ABS data (used in Energy Calculation for Domestic AC)Data gap in Industrial (Ammonia) Refrigeration, requires further investigation in this segment (nominated best estimate to complete analysis).

Obtain further data on Pubs, Clubs, Pubs/Clubs/Convenience Stores/Take Away Food & complete energy calculation (taking into account self contained merchandising equipment & coolrooms).Quotations to confirm av. consumer prices for residential applications (used to calculate Consumer Spend).

Seasonal operating times used for calculating domestic operating hours are based on data quoted on www.energyrating.gov.au calculator, originally sourced based on EES estimates & ABS data (used in Energy Calculation for Domestic AC)