XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 8 1 Real-Time Communication on the Internet Using...

New Perspectives on the Internet, 4eTutorial 8

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XP

Real-Time Communication onthe Internet

Using Chat, Instant Messaging, and Wireless Technologies


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XPObjectives

• Learn different ways to chat on the Internet.

• Explore different chat client programs.

• Find chat rooms devoted to specific topics.

• Explore businesses that let you create your own chat rooms.

• Explore virtual worlds that offer entertainment opportunities


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XPObjectives

• Explore the history of the wireless Internet.

• Learn about different wireless networks.

• Locate wireless devices that let you access the Internet.

• Evaluate wireless carriers in the United States.


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XPWhat Is Chat?

• Chat is a general term for real-time communication that occurs over the Internet.

• Originally, the term chat described the act of users exchanging typed messages, or a text chat.

• Voice Chat: where participants speak to each other in real time, much like they would be using a telephone.

• Video Chat: where participants can see and speak to each other.


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XPWhat Is Chat?

• Private Chat: occurs between individuals who know each other and are invited to participate in the chat.

• Public Chat: occurs in a public area, sometimes called a chat room, in which people come and go.

• Chats can be continuous, with participants entering and leaving ongoing discussions or they can be planned for a specific time and to last for a specific duration.


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XPWhat Is Chat?

• Most chat tools allow users to save a transcript of the chat session for future reference.

• The practice of reading messages and not contributing to the discussion is called lurking.

• Chatting requires participants to type quickly, therefore, chat participants often omit capitalization and do not worry about proper spelling and grammar.


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XPCommonly Used Chat Acronyms

Acronym MeaningBBL Be back later

BFN Bye for now

BRB Be right back

C U L8R See you later

C Ya See you

EG Evil grin

F2F Face to face (meeting in person)

FWIW For what it’s worth

G Grin


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XPCommonly Used Chat Acronyms

Acronym MeaningIRL In real life (contrasted with one’s online existence)

LOL Laughing out loud

NP No problem

OIC Oh, I see

PMJI Pardon me, jumping in (when interrupting a conversation)

ROTFL Rolling on the floor laughing

TTFN Ta-ta (goodbye) for now

WB Welcome back


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XPWhat Is Chat?

• Shouting: typing in all capitals letters.

• Flaming: when a participant insults or ridicules another participant.

• Spamming: when someone or an organization sends unsolicited and irrelevant messages to a chat room.

• Netiquette: rules of the Internet.


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XPInternet Relay Chat

• You must have special chat client software and connect to an IRC server to use Internet Relay Chat.

• Early UNIX computers included a program called Talk that allowed users to exchange short text messages.

• In 1988, Jarkko Oikarinen wrote a communications program that extended the capabilities of the Talk program to multi-user. It was called Internet Relay Chat (IRC).

• IRC uses a client-server network model: IRC servers are connected through the internet to form an IRC network.


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• Individual chat participants use IRC clients that connect to the servers in the network.

• The original network was EFNet, which is still one of the largest IRC networks today.

• Other major IRC networks include IRCNet, Undernet, DALnet, and NewNet.

• Servers in each of these IRC networks are connected to each other as part of the Internet, but IRC traffic is segregated by network.

DALnet client

EFNet client

IRCNet client

DALnet server

Internet connections between servers

IRCNet server

EFNet server

Independent IRC Networkson the Internet


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• IRC networks organize their chats by topic.

• Each topic area is called a channel, and participants who connect to an IRC network join specific channels in which they conduct their chats.

• Each channel has a name, or a channel heading, that uses the pound sign (#) to indicate the chat’s topic.

• When a participant creates a new channel, he becomes responsible for managing the channel and is called the channel operator, channel op, or IRCop.


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• The channel operator can change the channel’s topic and heading at any time, determines which users may participate in the channel, and can change whether the channel is public or private.

• Participants select nicknames when they log on to an IRC server. Nicknames must be unique.

• A channel operator’s nickname is preceded by @.

• IRC servers run automated programs, called IRC robots or bots, which perform routine services on the IRC network.


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XPCommonly Used IRC Commands

Command Effect/away Tells other channel participants that you have left

your computer temporarily

/help Presents a list of commands for which the IRC server maintains a Help file

/ignore nickname Suppresses the display of messages from the user with nickname

/invite nickname#channelname

Sends a message to the user with nickname asking him to join you on the channelname channel

/join #channelname Adds you to the channelname channel

/leave #channelname/part #channelname

Removes you from the channelname channel


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XPCommonly Used IRC Commands

Command Effect/msg nickname Sends a private message to the user with nickname

/names #channelname Displays a list of participants in the channelname channel

/nick newname Changes your nickname to newname

/quit Closes your connection to the IRC server

/who #channelname Displays the e-mail addresses of participants in the channelname channel

/whois #nickname Displays information about nickname


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XPInstant Messaging Software

• Instant messaging software lets two users chat in real time over the Internet.

• Instant messages usually occur between people who know each other, and are especially popular with friends and families separated by geographic distances.

• The software has built-in tools that let you identify your friends and alert you when your friends are online.


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XPChat in Progress Using ICQ

Isaac isonline

options to add friends to your list

conversation between Denise and IsaacDenise types new messages here


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• Instant messaging is different from e-mail in two important ways:

1. When you send an e-mail message to a user, you do not have a way to determine if that user is online at the time you send your message.

2. An instant message occurs faster because you do not have to wait for your e-mail program to send and download messages.


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• To use instant messaging to talk to other Internet users, you must download an instant messaging software.

• Instant messaging software programs: ICQ AOL Instant Messenger Windows Messenger Yahoo! Messenger


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• You must use the same instant messaging software to chat with other users.

• Some instant messaging software programs have options for logging on to your chat account using a Web page so you can use the software when you are away from your primary computer.

• All instant messaging software programs have some features that work on wireless devices, such as cell phones.

• All instant messaging software is free and requires an Internet connection, preferably a broadband connection.


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XPWindows Messenger

one buddy is online

one buddy is not online

options for sending messages


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XPWeb-Based Chat Sites

• Web-based chat sites offer the same features as text-based IRC chat networks and instant messaging but are often easier to use and do not require users to download and install any software.

• In Web-based chat, some users lurk and others have multiple conversations going at the same time.

• The chat room identifies users as they speak with their user names.

• Conversations are often open-ended and rarely follow the prescribed topic.


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identifies a user that has left the room

options for formatting your message

type a message here

chat room name

picture emoticon

text emoticon

report abuse link


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• Most Web-based chat sites prohibit spam messages, the use of automated programs, profane and vulgar language, and threats to individuals.

• Most sites require you to register before using their chat rooms.

• Although Web sites that provide chat rooms have rules of appropriate conduct, you might encounter conversations taking place that are offensive to you.


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click to go to the selected chat room

information aboutan upcomingscheduled chat

links to chat categories

links to information about chatting at this site


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XPFinding Web Chat Sites

• One way to find Web chat sites devoted to a particular topic is to use a Web search engine and include the word chat in the search expression.

• The descriptions for each hyperlink might tell you more about the nature of the chat to which it leads.


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XPCreating a Chat Room

• To gain control over the participants in a chat room, you can build your own chat site and then invite certain individuals to join the chat.

• One way to create a chat room is to use the features at a portal site such as Yahoo! Chat to create your own chat room.

• This option is easy, inexpensive, and usually includes tools that let you give access to only those people you want to participate in the chat that you create.


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XPVirtual Worlds

• Computer games date back to the early days of computing research.

• An early multi-user adventure game program was multiuser dungeon (MUD).

• New forms of the program were created that allowed participants to modify the game’s structure as they played it. These programs were called MUD, object oriented, or MOOs.


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XPVirtual Worlds

• MOOs that were highly oriented toward creative tasks and programming objectives were called multiuser shared hallucinations, or MUSHs.

• Some virtual worlds let participants interact with each other almost as they would in real life.

• In a GUI virtual world, each participant assumes a virtual physical existence and appearance. Such an artificial person is called an avatar.


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XPVirtual Worlds

ActiveWorlds home page


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XPEvolution of Wireless Networks

• When you connect to your Internet service provider, you’re creating a wired connection.

• A wireless connection occurs when data, such as a person’s voice, is transferred to another location without the use of any wires.

• In 1994, carriers created digital networks, or Personal Communication Service (PCS), where data was carried in bits at a rate of up to 14.4 Kbps.


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• The year 1999 saw the introduction of the first “wireless” connections to the Internet.

• Personal digital assistant (PDA): a handheld computer that can send and receive wireless telephone and fax calls, act as a personal organizer, perform calculations, store notes, and download Web pages formatted for handheld devices.

• The wireless Internet has expanded to include different hardware devices, networks, and other options.


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• Cell phones were one of the first wireless connections to transfer a person’s voice.

• Text messaging occurs over second-generation wireless systems, or 2G wireless.

• Short Message Service (SMS) lets you send text messages of up to 160 characters over a 2G wireless network to a wireless phone.

• SMS is slow and you must have a network connection to receive the data.


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• Some handheld computers use Infrared technology to “beam” information from one source to another without the use of wired connections.

• Japan and South Korea have new 3G wireless systems (third-generation wireless) in place. Some European countries are building and licensing 3G wireless systems.

• 3G wireless systems offer data transfer rates of up to 2 Mbps and constant connections.

• Bandwidth and cost are two obstacles for getting 3G wireless systems going in the United States.


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• The conversion from 2G to 3G wireless requires the carriers to invest in technology to make the change.

• The technology is only as good as the network and its coverage area.

• Many carriers have transformed and upgraded their existing networks by creating 2.5G wireless systems.


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• With the number of wireless Internet users expected to increase in the next several years, more devices are being manufactured to support wireless technology.

• There is not a network standard on which to transmit information.

• Three network standards, EDGE, cdma2000 and W-CDMA, are expected to be the competing standards.

• A wireless device is manufactured to work only on a single type of network, just like a cell-phone.


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XPWireless Local Area Networking

• Wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi): a trademarked name of the Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance (WECA) that specifies the interface between a wireless client and a base station or between two wireless clients.

• A wireless local area network (WLAN) is a network in which devices use high frequency radio waves instead of wires to communicate.

• Wi-Fi operates in the 2.4 GHz radio spectrum, which is the same spectrum used by cordless phones, garage door openers, microwave ovens, and other devices.


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wired local area network wireless local area network


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• Because Wi-Fi is unlicensed, it is free. The 3G wireless spectrum needs to be licensed for huge fees.

• Four of the most widely used standards for WLANs are 802.11, 802.11a, 802.11b, and 802.11g.

• Transfer rate: the speed at which data is transmitted from an access point (or base station) to the wireless device.

• Access point: a hardware device with one or more antennae that permits communication between wired and wireless networks so wireless clients can send and receive data.


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• Range: physical distance between the access point and the wireless device.

• Wi-Fi usually refers to the 802.11b specification which is the specification on which most Wi-Fi devices operate.

• Dual access point: a new device that makes the 802.11a and 802.11b wireless standards interoperable.

• Wi-Fi is often used as an alternative in an office building or other area in which you might find a traditional wired local area network. It may be used where wiring cannot be installed.


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• Laptop computers and other devices must have Wi-Fi compatible hardware installed in them to send and receive data with the network.

• If you position enough access points within the appropriate range of each other, the WLAN can grow to cover an entire office complex or geographic area.

• Cometa Networks was formed in December 2002 as a joint project between AT&T, IBM, and Intel. It intends to activate more than 20,000 access points for use by more than 100 million Internet users. If successful, it might provide a wireless network across the U.S. without encountering the obstacles that 3G wireless faces.


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XPPersonal Area Networking

• Personal area networking refers to the wireless network that you use to connect personal devices to each other.

• There are two major types of personal area networks: Infrared and Bluetooth.


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XPInfrared Technology

• The Infrared Data Association (IrDA) is a group dedicated to developing low-cost, high-speed wireless connectivity solutions.

• Using Infrared technology, you can wirelessly beam information from one device to another compatible device using Infrared light waves.

• This technology is used with PDAs, notebook computers, printers, phones, and other peripheral devices.

• A disadvantage is the lack of software products that can handle the transfer. The devices and the software that runs them must be compatible with each other.


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XPBluetooth

• Bluetooth is a technology that provides short-range radio links between personal computers, handheld devices, wireless phones, headsets, printers, and other electronic devices.

• For devices without chipsets that enable them to receive Bluetooth radio waves you can purchase an adapter to enable use with other Bluetooth devices.

• Bluetooth doesn’t need an access point for communication; devices communicate with each other automatically.

• Bluetooth isn’t really “owned” by any specific manufacturer or group.


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XPBluetooth

cellphone

scanner

notebook computer

cell phone

notebook computer

fax machine

printer

desktop computer


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XPBluetooth

• Using Bluetooth technology, you can synchronize and share data between as many as eight Bluetooth compatible devices within the specified range at a rate of up to 1 Mbps.

• A collection of devices connected via Bluetooth technology is called a piconet. A piconet can connect to eight devices at a time.

• You can use Bluetooth-enabled devices to transfer files, listen to music playing on a computer through a headset, print documents, or connect your notebook computer to the Internet using a wireless phone that is in your desk drawer or briefcase.


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XPComparing Wireless Network Standards and Bluetooth

802.11a802.11b(Wi-Fi) 802.11g Bluetooth

Used in Office Home or office

Home or office

Home or Office

Range Up to 100 ft Up to 200 ft Up to 200 ft Up to 30 ft

Connections 64 devices per access pt

128 devices per access pt

128 devices per access pt

8 devices per piconet

Radio spectrum 5 GHz 2.4 GHz 2.4 GHz 2.4 GHz

Data transfer rate Up to 54 Mbps

Up to 11 Mbps

Up to 54 Mbps

Up to 1 Mbps


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XPWireless Wide Area Networking

• The next horizon for wireless connections is being able to access the Internet on a PDA, wireless phone, or notebook computer from anywhere in the world without a wired connection.

• A WLAN provides a wireless connection to a network, but devices must be within the stated boundary of the WLAN.

• In 2.5G and 3G wireless systems, wireless wide area networking (WWAN) makes it possible to access the Internet from anywhere within the boundaries of the wireless network to which you are connected.


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XPCreating a Wireless Wide Area Network

corporateserver

PDA with antennaand digital link

notebook computerwith wireless modem

wirelessnetwork


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XPUsing Wireless Devicesto Access the Internet

• The technology and standards that dictate what you can accomplish with a wireless device change on a daily basis.

• New standards emerge, new hardware is created, and new ways of connectivity arrive.

• Some networks, such as those found in airports and hotels, let you pay a daily fee to use the networks. Others require a monthly fee.


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XPSummary

• There are different Internet resources to chat in real time with friends and business associates.

• There are different types of wireless networks, wireless network standards, and wireless devices.

• When selecting a wireless device, make sure that you understand the features of the network on which that wireless device operates.


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XPSummary

• You should carefully examine the network’s geographic coverage area, pricing options, and the provider’s future expansion plans before selecting the device that most closely matches the functions that you need it to perform.

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XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 8 1 Real-Time Communication on the Internet Using...

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