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Xstrata Coal South Africa Generic Hydrocarbon Management

Revision No. 003 Date: April 2012 Review Date: April 2015 1 of 25

Document ID: HSEC/E/GDL/006 Prepared by: Group E&C Section

Xstrata Coal South Africa

Generic Hydrocarbon Management

Guideline

HSEC E GDL 006

April 2012




Approval, ownership and control

NAME TITLE SIGNATURE

Document

Owner E Webb

Group Environmental Manager

Approved

By N Dooge

General Manager : E&C

Record of changes/amendments

DOCUMENT HISTORY

Revision No. Page Revision Details

Date Approved By

000 All First formal issue January 09 General Manager: E&C

001 All Reviewed and updated April 09 General Manager: E&C

002 All Reviewed and updated May 11 General Manager: E&C

003 All Document title page changed, Format of document changed

April 2012 General Manager: E&C

Record of Amendments

All changes to this Document must be approved by Group HSEC Department and approved

by the Xstrata Coal South Africa General Manager : Environment and Community. This

Document is subject to strict quality control guidelines as per document control procedure.

When any part of the Document is updated, the General Manager: Environment and

Community needs to sign off on the document and amendments must be made using the

approved Document Control Procedure.





Revision No. 003 Date: April 2012 Review Date: May 2015 4 of 25


TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 Definitions 4

2 Purpose 5

3 Storage Of Hydrocarbons 5

4 Legal Requirements 6

5 Surface Tanks 6

5.1 Basic Designing And Construction Principles For Tanks 7

6 Bunds 7

6.1 Bund Capacity 8

6.2 Bund Materials 9

6.3 Bund Wall, Floor And Other 9

7 Commissioning And Operational Management Of Hydrocarbon

Handling, Storage And Treatment Facilities

10

8 Location Of Hydrocarbon Handling, Storage And/Or Treatment

Facilities

12

9 Handling Of Hydrocarbon (Use & Disposal) 15

9.1 General 15

9.2 Workshops And Outside Areas 16

10 Maintenance Of Hydrocarbon Management Facilities 16

11 Monitoring And Reporting 17

12 Spills Management 18

12.1 Spills on Concrete & Non-Tarmac Surfaces 19

12.2 Spills On Tarmac Surfaces 20

12.3 Spills Of Soil/Land 21

12.4 Spills Onto Water 22

13 Supporting Documents 22

13.1 Appendix 1: Characteristics of the biological degreaser, OT8 22

14 References 23




1. DEFINITIONS “BTA” bulk to agriculture tank, aboveground, horizontal storage tank, 9 000 L

in volume, installed on low concrete or steel supports.

“BTF” bulk to farmer tank, aboveground tank, 2 200 L in volume, installed on high or low prefabricated stands.

“Bund Wall” wall designed to confine product spillage to the bunded area

“Bunded Area” area bounded by contours that confine spillage, or an area surrounded by bund walls

“Class” of petroleum product is, subject to any local authority bylaws containing different definitions, based on the following classification in

accordance with SANS 10131:2004:

Class I: liquids subdivided as follows: Class IA: liquids that have a close-cup flash point of below 23°C

and a boiling point of below 35 °C

Class IB: liquids that have a close-cup flash point of below 23 °C and a boiling point of 35 °C or above

Class IC: liquids that have a close-cup flash point of 23 °C or above, but below 38 °C

Class II: liquids that have a close-cup flash point of 38 °C

or above, but below 60,5 °C Class IIIA: liquids that have a close-cup flash point of 60,5 °C

or above, but below 93 °C Class IIIB: liquids that have a close-cup flash point of 93 °C

or above

“Competent Person” is a person who is qualified by virtue of his knowledge,

training, skills and experience to perform certain work and evaluate performance. Such a person is familiar with all the relevant regulations and procedures to be followed when performing the work and has been trained to

recognize any potential or actual non-compliance related to the work.

“Consumer” is any entity or person who handles petroleum products for his or her own use or for the purpose of resale.

“MDALA” – Mpumalanga Department of Agriculture and Land Administration.

“DEAT” - Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism. “DWAF” - Department of Water Affairs and Forestry.

“EIA” - Environmental Impact Assessment is the process of examining the

environmental effects of a specific development.




“Fuel” includes any petroleum product composed of liquid hydrocarbons derived from a petrochemical process (such as petrol, diesel).

“Hydrocarbon” a compound of hydrogen and carbon such as oil, grease, brake fluid, coolant conditioner mixtures, diesel, petrol etc. that does not require storage in a pressure vessel.

“Hydrocarbon handling, storage and/or treatment facility” includes any

tank used for storing any hazardous substance or any handling, storage or treatment facility for hazardous substances (such as oil, grease, fuel or any hazardous substance contaminated silt traps, wash bays, oil separators,

hydrocarbon bioremediation areas, hydrocarbon storage tanks, bulk hydrocarbon storage in drums and flammable liquid stores.

“Responsible Engineer” engineer who is registered with the Engineering

Council of South Africa and who is competent. “SANS” - South African National Standards.

“Service Tank” is an auxiliary tank used for the storage of petroleum

products, which a capacity not exceeding 1000 L. “Skid Tank” aboveground tank (9000 L, 14 000 L or 23 000 L in volume) on

skids, which can be dragged over short distances and normally used on construction sites.

“The Act” means the National Water Act, 1998 (Act No. 36 of 1998)

“Water System” includes any dam, any other form of impoundment, canal, works, pipeline, and any other structure or facility constructed for the

retention or conveyance of water.

2. PURPOSE

The objective of this guideline is to outline the management of hydrocarbons within XCSA operations in order to:

Meet relevant legal requirements; Prevent the pollution of soil and water during storage, use and disposal

and Ensure that all relevant personnel are aware of their responsibilities and

how hydrocarbon management should be carried out.

3. STORAGE OF HYDROCARBONS

Hydrocarbons can only be stored in designated areas where potential spillages could be contained to prevent pollution of the environment e.g. use of

permanent bunding and/or drip trays with sufficient capacity.

The purpose of bunding is to limit, contain, divert, minimise, and manage the impact of spillages and fires. Bunding is furthermore required to isolate dirty




areas with a view to maximising clean run-off areas. Within XCSA, all facilities used to transfer, store or treat hydrocarbons should be contained either by

means of permanent bunding or removable such as drip trays, depending on the requirement.

Examples of such facilities include:

Old surface tanks still containing residues of hydrocarbons such as oil and fuel.

All current operational bulk fuel and oil storage tanks.

Old and/or current electrical transformers containing transformer oil;

All equipment containing any form of hydrocarbons (oil, grease or fuel) waiting for maintenance or stored for salvage;

All hydrocarbon drum storage areas (including flammable liquid stores);

All bulk fuel and oil off-loading areas; Surface and underground workshops;

Plant workshops, discard dump workshops, vehicle wash bays (including

oil separators); Underground sections;

garage and transport areas and

Opencast areas where hydrocarbons are used.

4. LEGAL REQUIREMENTS

When storing hydrocarbons, in most cases, the facilities (such as bulk

fuel and oil offloading areas, storage areas and stores), containment

structures (bund walls, tanks) and placement or locality of the facilities are subjected to legal requirements.

Compliance with the relevant SANS for the Petroleum Industry does not

grant immunity from complying with other relevant legal requirements,

such as basic assessment in terms of the NEMA process and municipal and other bylaws.

Thus, XCSA operations need to make regular reference to their respective

legal registers to ensure continuous compliance with current and new

requirements.

5. SURFACE TANKS




Where the relevant approving Authority requires installation plans for aboveground tanks, a properly qualified engineer shall design the plans.

In case of a temporary installation, BTAs, BTFs and skid tanks should not be installed for periods longer than six months and the installations shall be

approved by the local authority. Where surface tanks are erected in a public place, a security fence should

adequately protect it.

5.1 Basic design and construction principles for tanks

The construction of surface tanks and bulk storage facilities (using drums)

shall be according to the Hazardous Substances Act, 1973 (Act no 15 of 1973) and the applicable SANS for petroleum products.

All designs to be approved by a properly qualified engineer competent to

do so and who thereby certifies that such plans comply with the

requirements of the applicable SANS for petroleum products. For more technical specifications, refer to the SANS for petroleum products cited in

this report. No brickwork should be used as support material in the design and

construction of elevated surface tanks.

BTA, BTF and skid tanks should only be used to store class II and class III liquids. The name of the product shall be clearly indicated on the shell of

the tank. Only class II and Class III liquids can be stored in tanks in chambers and

basements.

Service tanks should be designed to have a maximum capacity of 1000 L and should be provided with a vent pipe that terminates in the open air.

The minimum safety distances for aboveground tanks that contain Class I, II and IIIA stable liquids should be adhered to.

The minimum horizontal distance between an LPG container and a class I,

II or III liquid surface storage tank shall be at least 6 m.

Fuel resistant hoses (petroleum product resistant neoprene lining) should

be installed on fuel tanks. Tanks may not be turned on the stand in such a way to have the outlet at

the bottom.

6. BUNDS




The design of bund walls should consider the optimisation of the

installation and size of the bunded area in conjunction with the fire-fighting requirements of the installation. The design should also consider the risk of pollution to surface and ground water, soil and the

environment.

SANS for petroleum products specify that surface tanks located on sites in urban areas require bunding. Surface tanks installed in rural areas will also require bunding.

6.1 Bund Capacity

The following (not all-inclusive) are examples of specifications for bund

construction as per SANS for petroleum products. For detailed specifications, please refer to the relevant SANS for petroleum products.

The volumetric capacity of the bunded area for surface facilities should take account of allowances to cope with the maximum storm rainwater of

the area (for example 100 mm rainfall in one hour). The SANS 10131:2004 and SANS 10089-1:2003 specify minimum

requirements for the volumetric capacity of the bunded area around tanks. It shall not be less than:

o the greatest volume of the product that can be released from the

largest tank in the bunded area, assuming that the tank is full;

o to allow for the volume contained by more than one tank, the capacity

of the bunded area where the bund wall encloses more than one tank, shall be calculated after the volume of all tanks (other than the largest tank) below the height of the bund wall has been deducted.

SANS 10089-1:2003 implies a design capacity of 110% of the capacity of

the tank when one tank is within the enclosed area to be used, unless otherwise specified by the local by-laws of the area.

SANS 10089-1:2003 also specifies specific intermediate bunding requirements for certain products (such as class I liquid) whenever two or

more tanks are enclosed in a common bunded area. It is thus recommended that whenever bunding requirements are

designed for petroleum products, the responsible engineer should consult all the applicable SANS for Petroleum products.

Service tanks shall be provided with drip trays or bunds and where

service tanks are located in buildings, the drip tray or bund capacity shall

be equivalent to that of the service tank.

SANS 10089-1:2003 specifies intermediate bund wall heights of at least 0,5 m. Since specifications for intermediate bund wall heights in the




various SANS for petroleum products differ for different tanks, products and situations, it is recommended that a responsible engineer be

consulted. Bund walls for surface tanks should have a minimum height of 350mm

and maximum of 1,8 m (SANS 10131:2003 and SANS 10089-1:2003). However bund walls for classes II and III liquids shall be permitted to be

higher than the general maximum of 1,8 m (to a maximum of 3,6) where adequate provisions are made for normal access for the necessary emergency access to tanks, valves and other requirements.

6.2 Bund materials

The bund walls and floors are usually constructed of solid masonry,

concrete or brickwork, with vertical sides or near vertical sides, depending on the type of tank and product contained.

Bricks used for construction of load-bearing structures shall be of specific quality (such as burnt clay bricks) in accordance with SANS 10227. It

should be free of cracks, flaws, stones and lumps of raw materials. Under no circumstances, may porous, cement block bricks be used.

When required, bund walls of steel may be used. These should be in accordance with SANS 19131:2004 and should prevent spills, in case of a

fire. The bund walls and floor must be designed to be liquid-tight. The main

bund walls should be able to withstand a full hydrostatic head of water when filled.

6.3 Bund wall, floor and other

The bund floor should be of sound concrete construction and slope at least 1:100 away from the tank towards the lowest point of the bund area

where the drain sump should be located. In case of tanks that contain class I, II or III liquids, and that are situated

on porous soils, bunded areas should receive special treatment. Permeable bund floor should be restricted to a coefficient of permeability

not exceeding 10–6 cm/s (in situ). The area within the bund wall surrounding the tank or drums must be

entirely free and unoccupied (must not be used as a storage area).

Allowance must be made for the trajectory/spurt of a leak from a full tank with an elevated point of leakage. The minimum distance between the surface tank and the toe of an interior bund wall shall be at least 1,5m on

all sides.

No electric motor must be placed where it can come in contact with flammable liquid or its vapour, unless such motor is flameproof.




High bund walls should have steps for quick escape and/or to facilitate

easy access from the outside. Restrictions exist on the maximum height of bund walls.

Vent pipes must be fitted to tanks.

A drainpipe and bleed off facility situated at the front of the bunded area should be present.

All pipes penetrating the bund wall must be suitably sealed to prevent corrosion and leakage of the product.

A drainage sump shall be provided inside the bund area for all tanks with

capacity exceeding 1000 L. If provision has not been made for an oil or water separator downstream of the bund drain valve, the sump shall have an underflow arrangement.

Bund drain valves/stopcocks should be:

o leak proof; o able to continue to function in a fire; o able to be opened manually;

o kept locked in the closed position, unless in use; o the open and closed positions on the valve must be indicated and

obvious and o only steel valves that are fire safe, allowed inside bunded areas.

Areas where fuel/oil is dispensed/refuelled must have bunded facilities to collect leaks and spills and means of collecting and disposing of these

wastes in a way that will not cause soil or water pollution. 7. COMMISSIONING AND OPERATIONAL MANAGEMENT OF HYDROCARBON

HANDLING, STORAGE AND TREATMENT FACILITIES

After installation and before commissioning or each repair, adjustment or modification to bulk storage hydrocarbon tanks, it needs to be inspected and tested by a competent person in accordance with relevant SANS for

petroleum products and requirements of the local authorities and applicable bylaws.

Each installation shall be registered with the local authority before being

commissioned and the installation goes into production.

The appropriate symbolic signs shall be displayed at the various

hydrocarbon facilities in accordance with the requirements of SANS 1186-1.

The tank number, tank size and product to be stored must be stenciled onto the filler end of the tank.




Minimum symbolic signage should include: Danger – Flammable Liquid, No Smoking, No Naked Flame, No Cell phones.

The capacity of the bund wall should also be indicated in an easy readable

position.

Local site emergency numbers must be displayed and if possible, the

following emergency (local) numbers should also be displayed: o The Fire Department; o The Police;

o Doctor; o Ambulance Service;

o the Department of Agriculture and Land Administration; o the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry.

Whenever a bund wall has been cracked, damaged or breached, the gap

should be fixed as soon as possible and not left unrepaired overnight while the tank contains product.

Under no circumstances should any modifications to tanks or stands be

made without approval of the responsible engineer and/or applicable

fuel/oil contracting company.

Repositioning/relocation of tanks should not occur, without prior consent of the applicable contracting oil/fuel company, MDALA, the relevant XCSA Environmental Department or without a new EIA application for the new

position.

Surface storage tanks and bulk storage facilities need to be visually inspected on a regular basis for structural integrity (including the stands) for rust, bent or missing components and appropriate inspection records

kept.

Tanks should not be used where the bracing or legs have been bent. Re-use and disposal of hydrocarbon-contaminated tanks should be in

accordance with applicable legislation and the policy of the applicable Oil/Fuel Company from which the tanks were purchased.

Redundant hydrocarbon-contaminated tanks must be filled with sand or

liquid concrete (and a Fire Officer from the local municipality should sign

to confirm this) or removed.

If the tanks are to be sold to scrap metal dealers, it is important to ensure that information of the dealer’s premises and processes is obtained beforehand to ensure that the required operating licences are in

place.

8. LOCATION OF HYDROCARBON HANDLING, STORAGE AND/ OR TREATMENT FACILITIES




In principal, each hydrocarbon handling, storage and/or treatment facility shall be located in an area with the least risk to the safety of people in the event of

fire (including adjacent properties), the least potential environmental impact in case of a spillage, but also practical for management and maintenance purposes.

Thus before installation of any facility used for storage of a hazardous

substance or construction of any storage, handling, treatment or processing facility for any such hazardous substance, alternative sites need to be considered as part of the required environmental impact assessment process.

When considering various alternative sites, specific reference needs to be

made to restrictions on locality stipulated in the:

o Relevant applicable local authority and municipal by-laws (e.g. some bylaws exist on flammable substance storage and prohibit above ground storage).

o Regulations for use of water for mining and related activities aimed

at the protection of water resources of 4 June 1999 (Government Notice No. 704).

o SANS 10089–1:2003 Part 1. The petroleum industry. Storage and distribution of petroleum products in aboveground bulk installations,

Edition 4.1.

o SANS 10131: 2004 Above-ground storage tanks for petroleum

products, Edition 1.

The following are some examples (not all-inclusive) of restrictions on locality. For more technical detail, please refer to the above-mentioned SANS for petroleum products.

o The location is largely dependant on local conditions such as the

presence of drainage systems, especially where these systems need to link up with the drainage system of the local authority. (Note that interference or modifications of the municipal sewers are not allowed

without the approval of updated drainage plans by the local authority).

o Avoid for example low-lying areas that are liable to flooding or that

are subject to a seasonal high water table.

o The fall of the ground in relation to residential areas or other risk

areas that could be exposed in the event of an accidental large-scale spillage.

o Surface tanks should be installed on level and firm ground. Do not allow tanks to be installed on sloping, soft, or caving ground.




o The facilities (e.g. tanks, etc.) may not be installed within a horizontal distance of 100 m, or within the 1:100 year flood-line

(whichever are the greatest), of any watercourse (including pans, wetlands, streams and rivers), borehole or well (excluding monitoring boreholes).

o The facilities (e.g. tanks, etc.) may not be located on waterlogged

ground or on ground likely to become waterlogged, undermined, unstable or cracked.

o There should be no overhead cables, rubble or other hazards within 3 metres of any BTF tank location.

o The facilities (e.g. tanks, etc.) should preferably be located so that

there is no need for the bulk delivery vehicle to reverse when the delivery is made. Should reversing be absolutely necessary, adequate space should be made available to carry out the

manoeuvre safely.

o Note that the loading and unloading facilities for packed goods must conform to the requirements of SANS 10263, and for bulk cargoes to the requirements of SANS 10189.

o The access road should be in a good condition and have a minimum

clearance of 3,5 metres overhead to allow free bulk vehicle access. o Tanks should be located at least 3 m from buildings, boundaries,

drains and any combustible materials.

o Tanks shall be located in secure areas.

o In urban areas, a maximum of 2 BTF tanks may be installed at any

one location; thereafter BTA tanks shall be used.

o In rural areas, a maximum of 3 BTF tanks may be installed in any one location, thereafter BTA tanks shall be used, depending on the local authorities and their requirements.

o For permanent installations in urban areas or sensitive areas, the

BTF tanks are to be installed on brick cradles or as per the local authorities and their requirements and to have a bund wall that will contain 110% of the product.

o For temporary installations (not exceeding 3 months) in areas that

are environmentally sensitive, the bund wall around BTF tanks may be constructed from earth that will contain 110% of the product, in case of a spill.

o Surface tanks are not to be installed where the sides or top are

obstructed. Access needs to be provided to dip and deliver into the tank(s).




o BTF tanks may not be installed in buildings for reason of fire and

possible risk of contamination from spills and/or leaks.

o Service tanks containing Class I liquid shall not be located inside

buildings.

o The tanks must be located at least 1,5m away from the boundary of the premises. The distance between a service tank and any opening into a building should be at least 1,5m.

o When considering the location of facilities (e.g. tanks, etc.), it should

be ensured that cattle or pedestrian grids, bridges, underground pipes, ducting etc. are able to withstand the weight and width of the

bulk delivery vehicle(s).

The appropriate symbolic signs shall be displayed at the various hydrocarbon facilities in accordance with the requirements of SANS 1186-

1.

The capacity of the bund wall should also be indicated in an easy readable

position.

Whenever a bund wall has been cracked, damaged or breached, the gap should be fixed as soon as possible and not left un-repaired overnight while the tank contains product.

Loading and offloading of hydrocarbons should be done according to the

relevant work instructions, which need to be aligned with GN R 225 of the National Road Traffic Act, and SANS 0231. These work instructions must be available at the stores.

Any spillage of hydrocarbons needs to be cleaned up

The site around the hydrocarbon storage facilities shall be kept free from

obstructions and combustible rubbish. Vegetation that is likely to dry out

and become a fire hazard shall be kept short and cuttings immediately removed.

Hydrocarbon storage facilities need to be visually inspected on a regular

basis for structural integrity (including the stands) for rust, bent or

missing components and appropriate records kept.




9. HANDLING OF HYDROCARBONS (USE AND DISPOSAL)

9.1 General

Appropriate facilities must be available to dispose of any hydrocarbon

waste, including those liquid wastes removed from the bund areas.

The XCSA Hydrocarbon spill management procedure must be followed for any hydrocarbon spillages, above and underground, on the premises of XCSA operations.

After rainfall events, all bunds must be emptied as soon as possible to maintain a full capacity. Contaminated water or waste products must not

be disposed of in a way that will pollute the environment.

All hydrocarbon waste (solid or liquid) generated on the premises of XCSA

operations (on surface and underground) shall be transferred on a regular basis to designated storage tanks for periodic collection and disposal by

an authorised contractor. The designated responsible person will make arrangements for collection

of the hydrocarbons from main dedicated hydrocarbon and/or oil collection tanks by a reputable contractor for disposal or recycling,

whatever applicable. Backup tanks/containers must be identified for use when the main

hydrocarbon collection tank in the area is full.

Any hydrocarbon storage container must be sealed immediately to ensure that accidental spillage cannot occur if the container is disturbed.

All current dedicated hydrocarbon storage tanks/areas (on surface and

underground) to be identified on an inspection register and plan as part of a site operating standard.

Under no circumstances may any hydrocarbons be released directly into the ground.

No hydrocarbons shall be allowed to run into any underground

/aboveground water drain.




9.2 Workshops and outside areas

All workshops must be equipped with spill kits and specially marked hydrocarbon holding or waste containers (solid and liquid) as per Generic Waste Management Guideline (HSEC E GDL).

When work requires that components should be drained or filled, it

must be done according to site-specific work instructions for each area to prevent spillage and pollution.

If no work instructions are available, the following will apply:

An empty container with suitable capacity and dedicated colour coding should be used for draining requirements. A grid should be placed on

top for filters to be drained.

All filters removed from equipment should, after being drained, be

disposed into a suitable container, marked for this purpose.

If equipment or vehicles are serviced, drip trays should be used to contain all hydrocarbons and spillage. The drip trays should have sufficient capacity for the components being drained.

Drip trays must be emptied and cleaned on a regular basis.

A special container should be available for hydrocarbon-contaminated

soil requiring bioremediation, if not treated in situ.

All hydrocarbons collected in the various containers should be disposed

When sending equipment to the salvage yard it should be ensured that

all hydrocarbons are drained to prevent pollution.

10. MAINTENANCE OF HYDROCARBON MANAGEMENT FACILITIES

Within XCSA operations the following should be taken into account regarding maintenance of hydrocarbon storage facilities and equipment:

All vehicles, machinery and equipment using fuel and oil must be on a

documented preventative maintenance schedule. Maintenance of bunded areas will include the following:

o The drain valve is kept closed and locked; o The key must be available to be opened and closed, especially in

emergency conditions; o The bund wall is intact and impervious to the liquids it contains; o The pipe work, valves and other equipment in the bund are routinely

maintained.




Maintenance of concrete areas will be done by using absorbent materials and biological cleaners as leaks appear. This will significantly reduce the

risk of polluting rainwater that may collect in the bunded area.

Underground tanks are to be removed; however where they are in the

process of removal, structural integrity tests on the underground tanks should be included on a planned maintenance schedule.

All transfer lines (particularly joints) should be regularly inspected and

immediately repaired should they show signs of failure.

A qualified person must examine all the electrical earth connections on a

regular basis.

Documented records of all inspections must be kept on the mine. 11. MONITORING AND REPORTING

Before storage tanks are filled, readings must be taken of the level of fuel or oil in the tank (as per stores receiving) to: o Prevent overfilling and

o enable reconciliation of fuel/oil (hydrocarbons)

Where hydrocarbons are stored in drums, the hydrocarbon balance is based on the units received and issued.

Monitoring boreholes on the perimeter of the site and fissure analysis will track any increase in hydrocarbon content of the groundwater which

could possibly be attributed to hydrocarbon storage and use. Any non-conformance will be investigated and actioned.

If any underground storage tanks are removed, soil samples should be collected from the surrounding area and analysed for potential

hydrocarbon pollution. The results should be kept on file. If any pollution is found, the soil should be treated in situ, or removed for

treatment in the Bioremediation Facility.

Any spills or leaks (including at refuelling points) must be reported immediately as per incident reporting procedure.

All areas using fuel or oil, as far as practically possible are to keep reconciliation records of fuel/oil used and disposed of. This will allow for

the drawing up of a hydrocarbon balance for the specific site as sustainability data reporting requirements.

Inspections of all areas will take place as per the site specific standard.




Disposal of all fuel and oil contaminated hazardous waste shall be documented as per XCSA Generic Waste Management Guideline

(HSEC E GDL). 12. SPILLS MANAGEMENT

All spills on the property of XCSA operations should be reported as per

XCSA procedure for Incident Management. Chemical spills and large hydrocarbon spills should be cleaned up by

reputable HAZMAT company.

All polluted sites on XCSA operations will be remediate or the soil removed and disposed of as per applicable legislative requirements.

All soil polluted by hydrocarbons during prospecting, drilling or small-

scale mining operations must either be removed from the area, or

remediate in situ.

All hydrocarbon handling, storage and treatment facilities are subject to containment requirements.

The method used to clean up a hydrocarbon spill depends on the type of surface contaminated.

The principles of any clean-up operation is to:

o prevent the spreading of the hydrocarbon spill by immediate temporary containment;

o remove the source of the hydrocarbon spill by closing taps, valves or plugging holes or openings, where applicable;

o recover as much of the spilled hydrocarbons as possible;

o clean up and if necessary; o rehabilitate the environment.

In all instances Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) must be worn when

handling hydrocarbons during cleanup.

Spill kits equipped with inter alia hydrocarbon-absorbent booms and

fibres should be made available at, or in the immediate vicinity of all hydrocarbon handling, storing and/or treatment facilities on all XCSA operations.

The use of chemicals to absorb/emulsify oil should be avoided.

No hydrocarbon spill should be rinsed into any drain, trench or storm

water canal.

Sawdust should not be used to mop up hydrocarbon spillages. Apart from

creating a fire hazard in areas stored, the hydrocarbons (especially oil) do not remain absorbed in the wood fibres and are slowly released,




contaminating the environment again if not effectively sealed in a non-leak container. Hydrocarbon absorbent products are oligotrophic (“oil

attracting”) and most have a low fire hazard.

No saturated absorbents may simply be left in an area after a spill and

should be disposed of as per XCSA General Waste Management Procedure (HSEC E PROC 012). The used fibre, fibre booms and any contaminated

rags, etc. must be placed into a 210-litre drum and when the drum is full, it must be removed as hazardous waste by a contractor as indicated in the XCSA Generic Waste Management Guideline (HSEC E GDL).

Fuel tankers and service vehicles in the field should carry drip trays and

hydrocarbon absorbent product for emergency use in the field in the event of a spill.

12.1 Spills on concrete and other non-tarmac surfaces

If a spill occurs outside of a bunded area, the spill must immediately be contained to as small an area as possible. The spread of the spill must

be prevented. The source of the spill must be identified and removed by closing taps,

valves or plugging holes or openings (whatever is applicable);

If large spills occur and hydrocarbon-absorbent booms prove not to be sufficient to contain the spill, soil bunds or pre-packed sand bags may be used.

All entrances to surface drains, trenches and storm water canals should

be blocked using pre-packed sand filled bags and/or hydrocarbon-absorbent booms or, if applicable, soil booms or diversion trenches should be created using spades from the spill-kits.

All excess spillage should be pumped, scooped or mopped up and

Generic Waste Management Guideline (HSEC E GDL).

In cases of smaller spills where containment with booms are not necessary, suitable hydrocarbon-absorbent fibres from the spill kits

could immediately be used to absorb the remaining spillage from the concrete or other non-tarmac surfaces.

A biological degreaser (e.g. OT 8) should be used to remove traces of the hydrocarbon spill from the concrete or other non-tarmac surface.

The used fibre, fibre booms and any contaminated rags, etc. must be

placed into a 210-litre drum and when the drum is full, it must be

removed as hazardous waste by a contractor as indicated in the XCSA Generic Waste Management Guideline (HSEC E GDL).




Any recovered hydrocarbons should be pumped, stored or transferred from the holding containers to either hydrocarbon waste containers,

specially marked for this purpose or hydrocarbon collection tanks until removed by a reputable waste or recycling contractor (whatever applicable).

All hydrocarbon spillages (especially oil/diesel) that contain water must

be fed through an oil separator before storage in the waste containers or collection tanks.

12.2 Spills on tarmac surfaces

Spills should be cleaned immediately because hydrocarbons (oil and diesel) soften the tar surface.

If a spill occurs outside of a bunded area, the spill must immediately be

contained to as small an area as possible. The spread of the spill must

be prevented.

The source of the spill must be identified and removed by closing taps, valves or plugging holes or openings (whatever is applicable);

If large spills occur and hydrocarbon-absorbent booms prove not to be sufficient to contain the spill, soil bunds or pre-packed sand-filled bags

may be used.


be blocked using pre-packed sand filled plastic bags and/or hydrocarbon-absorbent booms or, if applicable, soil booms or diversion

trenches should be created using spades from the spill-kits.


ontainer as per the XCSA Generic Waste Management Guideline (HSEC E GDL).

In cases of smaller spills where containment with booms are not

necessary, suitable hydrocarbon-absorbent fibres from the spill kits

could immediately be used to absorb the remaining spillage from the concrete or other non-tarmac surfaces.

A biological degreaser (e.g. OT 8) should be used to remove traces of

the hydrocarbon spill.

The used fibre, fibre booms and any contaminated rags, etc. must be

placed into a 210-litre drum and when the drum is full, it must be removed as hazardous waste by a contractor as indicated in the XCSA Generic Waste Management Guideline (HSEC E GDL).




Any recovered hydrocarbons should be pumped, stored or transferred from the holding containers to either hydrocarbon waste containers,

specially marked for this purpose or hydrocarbon collection tanks until removed by a reputable waste or recycling contractor (whatever applicable).


be fed through an oil separator before storage in the waste containers or collection tanks.

12.3 Spills on soil/land

Hydrocarbon spills on land should be contained and cleaned up as quickly as possible to prevent infiltration into the soil and contamination of groundwater.

If a spill occurs outside of a bunded area, the spill must immediately be

contained to as small an area as possible. The spread of the spill must

be prevented.

The source of the spill must be identified and removed by closing taps, valves or plugging holes or openings (whatever is applicable);

If large spills occur and hydrocarbon-absorbent booms prove not to be sufficient to contain the spill, soil bunds or pre-packed sand-filled bags

may be used.


be blocked using pre-packed sand filled plastic bags and/or hydrocarbon-absorbent booms or, if applicable, soil booms or diversion

trenches should be created using spades from the spill-kits.


placed in Generic Waste Management Guideline (HSEC E GDL) .

Contaminated soil to be taken to a bioremediation site (if one exists) or

treated in-situ with bioremediation agents.

If no bioremediation is to be undertaken, the contaminated soil must be

placed into a 210-litre drum and when the drum is full, it must be removed as hazardous waste by a contractor as per the XCSA Generic Waste Management Guideline (HSEC E GDL).




12.4 Spills onto water

If a spill occurs outside of a bunded area, the spill must immediately be contained to as small an area as possible. The spread of the spill must be prevented.

The source of the spill must be identified and removed by closing taps,

valves or plugging holes or openings (whatever is applicable);

Floating hydrocarbon absorbent booms should be used to contain the

spill to as small an area as possible on the water surface.

If practical, scoop as much spilled hydrocarbons as possible from the water surface into suitable holding containers.

Suitable biodegradable absorbents should be applied onto the spill in

the water, which should manually be removed once the spill substance

has been absorbed.

The used fibre, fibre booms and any contaminated rags, etc. must be placed into a 210-litre drum and when the drum is full, it must be removed as hazardous waste by a contractor as per the XCSA Generic

Waste Management Guideline (HSEC E GDL).

Any recovered hydrocarbons should be pumped, stored or transferred from the holding containers to either hydrocarbon waste containers, specially marked for this purpose or hydrocarbon collection tanks until

removed by a reputable waste or recycling contractor (whatever applicable).


be fed through an oil separator before storage in the waste containers

or collection tanks.

13. SUPPORTING DOCUMENTS

Appendix 1: Characteristics of the biological degreaser, OT8

OT8 is a unique, biological product that contains biodegradable surfactants, enzymes and bacteria.

The surfactants release oil stains from even the most porous surfaces while the enzymes and bacteria digest the released oil.

OT8 is a biological oil stain remover that:

removes and digests oil stains quickly;

penetrates and lifts oil from porous surfaces effectively; is without risk to the environment.




How to use OT8?

1 litre of OT8 will be sufficient to treat 10-25 square feet of oil

stains, depending on the surface porosity.

Before use, shake the container to put the bacteria into suspension. Lightly wet the contaminated area with water and pour OT8 across

the oil stain. Brush OT8 into the oil stain for one or two minutes, until the product

changes colour from white to chocolate brown.

Leave for 20-30 minutes to soak in, then rinse off with water. A second application may be required on porous surfaces, where oil

stains may re-appear as OT8’s biological activity brings the ingrained oil to the surface.

(Please note: OT8 is not suitable for tarmac surfaces).

The following OT8 products are available:

Road Bio (Oil contamination) – oil spill clean up agent for road spills (tarmac friendly);

OT8 Biological Oil Stain Remover – biological oil stain remover that

works in minutes to remove hard surface oil stains; Bio Gel Biological Oil Stain Remover – biological oil stain remover for

cleaning oil contaminated gravel and porous surfaces; S-Oil treatment - for bioremediation of contaminated soils;

For further information, the following website should be consulted: http://www.cowenflowline.com/products/bio.htm

14. REFERENCES

XCSA SD Framework and Strategy XCSA SD Policy

XCSA Legal Register XCSA Aspects Registers XCSA Incident Reporting Procedure

SANS ISO 14001 SANS 10089-1: 2003 (Part 1)

SANS 10089-1: 2003 (Part 3) SANS 10131: 2004 SANS 1186-1 (Part 1)

http://www.cowenflowline.com/products/bio.htm




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