' M 0 '* / /o? FEDERATION - MONDIALE OE LA IEUNESSE DEMOCRATIQU r " F R AT10 *1 Of DEMOCRATIC YOUTH *,1 BCEMHPHAfl tEilEPAUMfl flEMOKPATMNECKOM MMOZIEJKH *' avg*.k of u jmv£;n *}5 oemocratica ^ ft* $ -fr £. pit Of CHAHAL'i P.WS '‘"•.'“’tSMONTfE P aris No: * Hef; OP/IG April 29 th,1955 Dear Friends, an informal meStinf ^s^^tTtiii! ^ T * ’ Swlti!«lan<l, Secretariat, th. Sfr’d?s ifijLil ^ ? * PS of ?he »-*-D.T. Association, the World's studenta nh < +*^n® 8 Kristian and the Youth Deoartment of ?h? r Christian federation At the meeting were present: °rld GOttnCil of churches. Jficqu68 Lenis , Xjubcn Petrov nni m km and^Philip^Potter! S B ." we enclose herewith!*^ *** adoPted a declaration,which We send you our most cordial greetings. yi £> .............. ........... o .;,: ...... Secretary y.eS , Luben Petrov -''0 ... ......... ^ '" * ---- """ .attl.. . • ' m
Transcript
' M
0 '* / /o?F E D E R A T I O N - M O N D I A L E OE LA I E U N E S S E D E M O C R A T I Q U
r " F R A T 1 0 * 1 O f D E M O C R A T I C Y O U T H * , 1 B C E M H P H A f l t E i l E P A U M f l fl EM O K P A TM N EC K O M M M O Z IE JK H
*' a v g * . k of u jmv£;n *}5 oemocratica^ ft* $ -fr £.
pit Of CHAHAL'i P.WS '‘"•.'“’tSMONTfE Paris
No: *
Hef; OP/IG April 2 9th, 1 9 5 5
Dear Friends,
an informal me S ti n f s ^ ^ t T t i i i ! ^ T * ’ Swlti!«lan<l, Secretariat, th. Sfr’d?s ifijLil ^ ? * PS of ?he »-*-D.T. Association, the World's studenta nh < +* n ® 8 Kristian and the Youth Deoartment of ?h? r Christian federation At the meeting were present: °rld GOttnCil of churches. Jficqu68 Lenis , Xjubcn Petrov nni m km
a n d ^P h ilip ^ P o t t e r ! S B . "
we enclose h e r e w i t h ! * ^ * * * adoPted a declaration,which
We send you our most cordial greetings.
y i £>..............
...........o . ; , : ......
Secretary
y . e S, Luben Petrov
- ' ' 0 ... ......... ^'"■*---- " " "
.attl.. . • ' m
World Touth festival Warsaw, Poland4th August 1955
5 ^ . ^ i £ ± l . a * 0 C H y «
?o *11 oar friend* at ths 'estivalPro* tho South Afrioan i>elegetlon
Soar r’risnds,
in tho middle of a great joy wnieh overflows Ul horo at tho Festival,ws South Africans from time to time 0*nnot help feeling sad. Iday we tell you why?
Well, you see, it is a wonderful thing for us
And girls, whose lives at thie mOaent are very far beioK happy. *
Perhaps you already know that in south Africa peoDle are divided into two categories; - those with skins that are white and thoee whose skins are not wnitt*. Horn, our Government has a policy which it calls APARTHEID - which means "separateness*'. The Government explains that it in-
M i l sollities to develop their own languages, customs, ways-of- life, Industry and so on* That is what the Government SAYS.In praotiee, however, tho African are net allowed to chare the white man o Parliament, municipal Councils, theatres, hotels, libraries, trams, hospitals, sc>.->ols, and they must not share the professional occupation*. *ud skilled artisans' trades with the white people. NOE are the African* given their OWN alternatives* That is APAiirHiilD, where the African sees the "green pastures of the white c.an s society, in which h* 1* not allowed to graae"* This is RACIAL DISCRIMINATION pure and simple.: .if *
, Wh*t result* does this system h*ve for the African children T We won't stop to tsll you now of the miserabk shacks moat of the* live in| of the almoat oo*pl*t* absence °* Paying fields, parka, playgrounds, 3wlmming pools, gymna- aia ete..., we won't tell you now that their fathers and mother* work long and hard hours for pitifully small wages,•• that their ahllAren spend aost of their time In a stats ■alnatritio* and era* hunger t ws want tell you that the Afrieaa young men and their elder* cannot move around the streets without carrying hateful permits* thmt they haven't enough doctors and hoe*Itali. Hot All the details of those things you M o t learn so** other time. But, sinoe eo many of yon are still at eafeool or university or have so reoen- tlj left an institute learning, let us tsll you what th* word “education* ha* eoao to aean to our African toye and
%
i
$ ,
1& >- 2 -
On the first place, our white-skinned youth fta* e reall* eplendid schoole, technical colleagues, sedical ■ohoola and univereitieai they hav* gyanesia, sports- fiolda, swimming baths, eoncert halle almost of their achoolB; thair education is free up to th* time of univ- eraity. To thaa iuDUCAlICB means a oouree of schooling ux whloh thair minds and bodiee oan grow healthily* where tha aany oulturee of the world Vre laid open to them: where, as their personalities develop, they are encouraged to look deeply into raan'e struggle ajalnst nature and tyranny: to see how the oollacted wisdom and experience of the ages find expression in tne wonders of modern medioiao, aeronautics, psychology, literature, engineering, geology and so on. That is "education" for our whit* children - and we are all glad that they have it.
fcat for our African youth. "sduoation* has a different moaning - altogether different. One year ago our Government ■ad* a law, which they called the “Bantu Education Aot".( Bantu ia the ifrioan word for "people* - any people. So, as you oan see, it is used wrongly in tha title, for the Bduoation Aot refers only to tho Afrioan people. It shown that even in this wav the Governemnt refuses to recogoire th* blaok peoples's birth-right to call themselves Africans, i.e. th* p*ople of Africa.
You will ask, "But how can you have different 3orta of oduoatloa ? "Education is education the whole world over, no aattar what languages are used". Quite - we agree with you, but the Jiouth African Minister cf Native (Afr ican)Affairs, pr. Verwoerd hac different ideas. You aee, hebelieves that people with black akins are not quite human brings; thev are inferior to people with white akinr. They are not intel-‘ ligent enough to do “superior* work. For them nthe hewing of wood and the- drawing of water". Therefore, it is rrcued,THE BLACK CHIU) VSJS2 BE *LDUGATEDB OIL* SO PAR AS HlJ §*SJJIAI SORI FOB THE WHITE LIAS REQUIRES. '
Dr. Verwoerd has said, "There is no place for him (th* African) in the Auropean (white) community above the v'level of pertain forma oi labour."
According to thia new typ* of "education, the syllable in the lower grades is to comprise* reading, writing and arithmetic, the‘beginning of the study of ^cglich and nfrikaan3 (the two official languages of the T/HITB people ) and the cardinal principle* of th* Christian religian. There is no mention of art, nature study( geography, organised eport. But, in audi tion, the ohildran and the teachers have to sweep, scrub and dust the cUocroo&a, tend tha etJhool grounds AHI - if the school happens to be in the ooantry on tha land of a farmer - ao3iot ™ faunas aad doing ether work the farmer
m m m
- 3 -
But, Iriend3 at the Festival, hero is o.nothor shock, ill of this is to be done in a period each duy of TJ&SS houro. That is all the time the pupil ia to have at school* three hours ! How much time does this Mean for actual learnin ? Irecious little! And what happens to the child fort the rest of the day, when - as is frequent - both mother end father ur~ working ? Remember, there arc no playgrounds or parks cr social clubo !
A Sew more points ;Children cannot enter school unless their parents can i " the money to buy pens, pencils and writing book^;
• a o^ild is oiten absent, he is refused re-adrnission;If a child twice fails the examination at the end of :;,e lower primary course ( at the age of 9 or 1C years), he may not continue at school;Teachers are to be paid even less than their present ve-• law salaries;Teuchers are not required to take a teacher's qualifying course;1 here i3 no mention of providing meal3 or even milk at * schools;On farmers'land the African mothers are to build wall3> clay or ‘fl'id ) for the school rooms; the Government •'ill provide roof, doors and windows;Attendance at school will not be compulsory;At present in South Africa only about one-third of the African children of school-going age attend school. E7ERY white child of school-going age attends school;rer annum L 2.66 is spent on every African child of cohoo’ going age; L 43.£5 on every white child of school-go^ng a- . ( xhe figures referring to African Children are rough estimates, because no one knows accurately census statistics about the African people.)Dear Friends, we have told you enough to show you that the - black children of ^outh Africa are to "educated" for ignoicin ce ^nd slavery, we implore your help to fight against tin monstrous evil of racial discrimination.«<hen you -eturn to your own country, please aiscuss thi3
problem of ours with your Youth Associations; see that it is discussed by your School or University Committees; by teachers' associations; even in your political parties. THEN, we ask you to see that all these organisations send a written protest to;
THE PRIKE MIKISIEfi,UNION BUILDINGS,PRETORIA, SOUTH AFRICA;
and 3end a oopy of the letters to;THE EDITOR,"New AGE”,6 Barrack Street, CAFE TOWNSOUTH AFRICA
*
■ & 7 '- 4 -
’j E
A
We thank you cm bafcalf of all our youth for the efforts you will make. We know that nany of you hava problems too. If we can help you in any way, please don't hesitate to get in touch with us.
Yours in peace and friendship,v . * »
THE SOUTH 4FRIOAN DELEGATION
FE D E R A TIO N - MONDIAL^ IDE U IEUNESSE DEMOCRATIOUlW O R L D F E D E R A T I O N O F D E M O C R A T I C Y O U T H B C E M M P H A f l t E A E P A I L H f l /l EM O K P A T H M E C K O A M O /K M E5KH F E D E R A C I O N M U N D I A l DE L A J U V F N T U D D E M O C R A T I C A ^ fc , $ ■ $ ■ £ & Jl~ rr
M CHArEAUDUN, PARIS - m ,eu6, , JEUNESMONOi.M a
N ' J U V E L L l A D m S S E B U D A P E S T , V< . b L N C Z U R - U 2 4 H - I U c P H O N E 1 . ? f M A C ? - f l t G P D . V ' i I
Ref:*JM/jd 15 3ePt»«ber 1955.Taneanqa T. C. T a h ^ e \ 155» Maimka Street’New Brighton
Port Elizabeth
SOUTH AFRICA.
Dear Friend,
.hi „ < J8 hank ^ou for your letter of Auguat 6th in which you Inform us of having been in bad health aome timeth«t r,!! S?PvUJ ? y°U ha^e 00,lf completely recovered and that our rightful cauae of strengthening friendahlp which
i ! P achieving peace will not be hindered bythe lack of exchange of correapondance.
i u Wv werf also very 80rry t0 iearn that varloua material has been interfered with; we hope that thia can De overcome.
lastly, $ « | k you to kindly aend us more information concenng youth activities of any form as we
7th wUHLv J:ivSTI7AL OF YOUTH AND STTOSNDS FOR PEAC2 AND FRIENDSHIP
No. 1 Ref.:
Dear Friends,We are glad to inform you that the International Prepa
ratory Committee for the 5th World Festival of Youth and Students for I’eaoe and Friendship has now begun its work in Warsaw, Gr<5- jecka 17. We leok forward to a fruitful correspondence with you during the 5 months whioh remain till the Festival.
We hare the oommon wish to aohieve a grand and magnificent Festival, the greatest and finest to date. For this reason we would like to exchange some ideas with you about several important questions.
First of all it seems to us of great importance to stress the aspeot which is to be given to -the preparation and realisation of the 5th Festival at the moment when all the peoples of the world are engaged in a great.oampaign against the preparation of atomio war. It is obvious in this respeot that the Festival - the great- , est international celebration.of youth in favour of peace - has to refleot the active partioipatioji of the youth in this oampaign proclaimed by the Bureau of the World Peaoe Counoil whioh met last January.
This oampaign, whioh is an important factor in v/iiening the unity between young people, will give a serious stimulation to the preparations for.the Festival. The preparation of the Festival will be an important contribution by young people to the struggle against atomio war.
Another question of importanoe is the programme, whioh was approved at the first meeting of the International Preparatory Festival Committee, whioh took plaoe at Vienna on the 17-18th December 1954’.
Your suggestions and proposals are neoessary to make this programme even rioher. It depends of the initiative taken in
/ International Preparatory Committee Gr<5jeoka 17, Varsovie /
DL/fcm 12.11.1955
- 2 -
various oountries that the programme already rloh by it*various aotivities, heoome still rioher.
Cultural presentations for instanoe would he beautifuland roagnifioent only when the delegations talcing part in the .Festival will oome with programmes representing truly and sincerelytheir national oulture and the yotivities of youth in this respeot.The same oonoerns sport events, manifestations, professionalmeetings, exhibition* and so on.
On the other hand the programme whioh stimulates wideand various ^reparations, brings oonsidsrable support for the mobilisation of youth in different countries. Any organisation whatsever their aotivities,. oultural, sport.or otherwise ray , n its respeotive plaoe in the programme. In this sense.the programme M y be used as a guide for .the scheme of work during the preparation of the Festival. It provides a oonorete.basis for contacts with organisations, personalities, and also with youth of differentscotions, sooial and professional strata.
We note examples from different oountries showing that,taking the programme as the basis of preparations, there are possibilities of developing a series of spooifio initiatives in all asieots of youth activity. Club's sport competitions, dance, song,, popular music feetivals etc. These specific initiatives enable towiden and enrioh'.lhe preparation for the Festival.
The oaltural competition, the s p o r t . competitions forseen for the Festival and the competition launched by "acrid Youth",constitute a great oontribution in this sphere.
From our side we are ready to help you and write dir«oly to various organisations and personalities. For this P“rP°« it would be useful for us to rsoeivs from you the necessary in c-ations and addresses.
,7a think that to do all this work well and to interestdifferent seotions of young people ii is neoessary, to organise a big campaign for the popularisation of the programme, the rules of the oultural competitions, sport meetings eto..All means c. prona ganda at your disposal must play an important role in the popularisation of the Festival,its character, the experiences of the pre-
• paratory work gained in different c o u n t r i e s . Experience shews that it is very nsosssaiy and u»eful to ettes.in.propagandath. aspect, of aotivities which are of greater intsrest for this or that aeotion, suoh and suoh a group of young people.
Therefor®,we Judged it neasssary to publish the Journal "Festival", issued twioe a month. Ve hare to note that it played a considerable role in the preparation of the 4th Festival at Bucharest, tfe rely on jour help to make our Journal rioher in oontents and also ia its distribution among the youth. We hope to raoeive from you addresses of organisations whioh are interested in our newspaper as well ao information regarding the number of copies we havj to send them. Other propaganda materials suoh as leaflets about tho sport aotivitiea of thj Festival, cultural competitions and others now being printed. In some countries national oonaidttee».>jfc^^4^^y>lth. . ^ ^ ^ ^ pwtlonamoluding the eleotioa*^ ^ei^at^nr.^hi *on»e gauntrieslocal, regional? p W f W l Q f i U ^ b r ^ ^ c o i ^ t i W ^ b e i n g oreated ia addition to the national v jfotifcSo* Commit teeof young peasants, atttdeats' btharfcrShat is stillmore important that each oountry tt Tookiag for'thr'fiorma appropriate to its own situatioa.
kVe think it neoessary ia this regard to strengthen oontaots between the International Preparatory Committee and the national, regional and looal oommittees. This will allow these committees to became better informed on experiences and preparations in different countries.
In our nert mail we shall send tpeoial letters about various aspects of the programme, the competitions and sportmeetings
We look forward to hear from you soon
Yours fraternally,
V
f t * ? - r
WORM)™?* J f f J r m V W dehocratioue
i s k : ^f c D E R A C I O N M U N O I A l D E I A J U V E N T U O O E M O C R A T I C AT r- * f £ & j» L v
21' , RUE DE CHATEAUDUN. PARIS -m „ _________ __ rtt(,„ („__ R TEtfG* ! J£UN€SMONDE . PAOIS
t ! t D I V S <• e j O A P t S TNo ./JtPX.Ref. S/RC 5 cemt)er 1 *55
I Tamsanqa T.C. Tsriurae lb5 Msimka Street New
r * 7 T .g_ P r t [ E 1 1 7 a b e t h
SOUTH AFRICA.
Dear Friend,
^e know your situation and quite jnrf° r*0e lve y°ur letter of November 7th, tion in correspondence. ' i s l a n d the reason for thft lnterru'_
you will send us. They w i n ^ ^ r ^ ad_*'ncf for addresses which orgenle.tions lr, your country ' Concern! ^ ° Ur " ° rk " lth tne ,outh
friends In our Review to wrl* to y o ^ 7 ’ “ t0 *dVl6' yourO you, we are only too glad to do this.
of February 21st.] D a ^ o f T t ^ K ^ e * ! & fI'*P*rlr,g :‘ov for celebration With the Colo,del Youth. We would S ° U i ‘ r"->
- - «. PUn, o, youtn orgenle.tlons^n your town dly.
~ ■' z ’ t z z & r * - - - -
Yours sincerely. 1
F E D E R A T I O N M O N D I A L E DE t A I E U N E S S E D E M O C R A T I O U E: f i - ' & . r ? ; f l T i C " V ' ' ' ' ' - . ' 1
B C E M H P H f t f l t E f l E P A U H H 4 EM O K P A T H M EC K O H M Q/I0/lE>KH
< tK $ S- £ 6. •*. Kf
No.1^11/aRef. MB/ms December 27th, 1955.
ft
Deer Friends,
In the spirit of the reno)ut!«n 'uJopt d at our Warsew Council Meeting thc^Secretariat of oil’- Fci^raiion hos leui.ched q competition under the of "Youth Sportr Trophy in Honour of tho Olympie Gome*/ to win yout^ ,-uppoitfor the Olympic Games.
As you can see from tho enclosed competition announcement, the compe- titions which ore to bo organised in the countries will, because of their character, .T.ake a great contribution to satisfying young peoples' desires to practice sport, and, on on international level, will aifi the general development of sport among the masc nf tho youth,
As wo would like to bring the broadest sections of youth into this coc.pct it ion, wo think it useful to recommend to you to include in your preparatory work the largest possible number of youth organisations interested in -\ir young generation's sporting activities and which would oeouro tho raceseJJoraet-. r of this co’:petltion.
1' r.orure th ruccoesful organisation of the Youth Sports Trophy in Honour of the Olympic Gauea, we reccRtiend:
. ,»r ugh i.'.eetings, public"tionc and other means, to popularise thic
.F5Y rctlvity rnd rank, kr.va the possibilities of organising these c.-tf/.pctitione and participating in thee.
? . In o wny which best suits you, to invite' youth organisations, ate
ppcrts clubs and organisations to organise these competitions wfil. you.
5. To include the largest possible number cf sportiqsi, wtio %rc
popular ruaong the youth, In the popularisation sad organisation
of tht conpctitions, pb woll ao conducting the actual proceedings,
(e.g. cportsacn who participated in the aports CDnpetitiona *t the Worsen* Festival).
U. To prepare, in the shortest possible tine, the details of organisation and the prograr.j e of the competitions to bo organised In the countries, as well as the rules of the different disciplines, pjvi stake them known onongEt the youth. (Th^nclfl|£j^n^fctitio* announcement contains only general
5. So that wo any send you the prizes in time (nedale, cups and sports tedges for the national finals), you should let us know as soon od possible the progrczroe and rules of the eoapetitlons, which disciplines, when and where the competitions will tote place f what participant rs*?e*VsecV and wtfat nur.ber of bodies, medals nnd cups ore needed.
We hope you will fully t^ree vlth and support these competitions
and we arc cure you will do everything pornlble to popularise the tauthrt p Trophy In Honour of the Olympic Ganes among the young people of your’*
country. We think it would be use^l •’t the same tin® to popularise the noble idee of the Olympic Gases, th'^r MT*;ory and prepaspsfelons among the young people*
Awaiting your reply, we oxtcul out best wishes for suooese In your work along with our friendliest greetings.
<
For the Sports Bureau
Enclosed: Com;etition Anaoucerient
S 0&
The T t u a v u l N * n Om h I I aaaia lta aapyart and p « d wlehea ta tho Fourth V M Featiral of Tawth u l llh h it i far Fm m u i
F r l M M l f #
To a oovmkrj aeah aa ours* A a r * racial hatee, w rt- pta aai prtjadiH liT lii th* n » ptot 1% la particularly kwrt»«lnc W aee the youth of all landa, of* a vary wide it a p af ▼leapelata aad religleaa, af different aoalal a r i | lu # aid Mdktra af M M a af d Iff era at typeo af yeath aai atedeet organleatleaa, »w H i| to fH lar la a Feetleel af
eelture and apart aad la aa i ^ n p t i n af earn frleadehlp*
lietlag la peaoeful dlieuaalca* eeapoting la apart* aad aharlag la their rtah oaltaral aahlameanta, the youth aha gather at Mm Feetleal will aaka a great ecnferihatioa to tha grewth af international friendship, aafl play their pa it la aealag that ttaay ia aat aeei ta aaat on tha hattl*»flelde« ’
Jhaaee la vital to m allj hat yeuag paapla have aaat ta laaa in war, a ad tha fMtare af werld peaee, and tha* tha future of tha aarldi ltaalf# depanda oa tha yaath af tha eerli*
lb kaa* thla *orl# Faatlral of Youtfe will play a great part la
furthering tha aaaae of paaae* aad lta effhata will grow aad lneraaee whoa
tha yeath who participate retora to their eaa eowtriee.
*e leak forward ta tha t h a whaa a r will ha a rad lea ted ferweer, and yeath will aceer agala grew la tha rialar of war* Tear Featlral will help hrlag that tjaa Bearer* feaee-lerere la South ifrlaa eeleoae tha
Faetleel, aai anticipate lta aaaaaaa with pride* Long ll've peaae aad fi laaiahlp aaang tha yaath ef all raeee aai aatlean#
■ b ^ L oFifth World Festival of Youth and Students for Peace
and Friendship International Preparatory Committee
Dear Friends,
We are pleased to introduce the first number of the weekly information bulletin of the International Preparatory Committee for the Vth World Festival of Youth and Students for Peace and Friendship.
months, it will appear more often as the date of the festival
dra-vs near. Our aim is to provide you with infor~ation that
will assist you in wor’d.ng to prepare the f e s t iv a l , to inform
you of the a ct iv it ies of young people a l l over the .vorld and
in loland. We hope they .vi]l be useful to you In your publicity
work and popularisation of this great youth e v ;r t .
obtain for you articles from various countries and peoples>
and we will he happy to do this at your request. We have
alno begun our regulsr photo service.
that in order to do this e f fe c t iv e ly , close cooperation
between us is neces&t-'-ry. We need news and u_.--to-d.ate informa
tion. 'C request that you send us material and information
about the a ct iv it ies of the yoaig people ir ycir i f r r t ’ ; ,
as well a~ photos, et3 . In this way, .ve will- be able tc provide
a better , '-ore complete service .
comments a n ’ suggertions ^bout our in fo r " j t io n bulletin and
other publications.
<e are certain that our common worv . .ill result
in a Vth -orld Festival that Tdll be finer than ever.
Hoping to hear fro” you soon, we are ,
This is but our first issue, and in the coming
On the other hand, we are at your service to
But .ve also need your as^irtence , for it is clear
•7e will also b? grateful to receiv..- \ our opinions»
Yourr s incerely ,
~ "i—
r WIWRp^T ■
,
*
— »■ *v»
/ 3 7 / .
A & >
v j J .i ^ , , ^ 2 ^ 2 - 7
(5) uProm the South African relegation
T.orld Youth festival Warsaw
To th. Leadera of all legations
Dear Friend,
Be are enoloeifl* •?“?fo;£ie|a°Ji?t-^pe "of"*!a-th. hl/cc youth of
Sooth Ifrica. matter, le do not expectyeoal.'Activities, but we, g 0 that you can studyt o M * a l d ° ^ aaotton“ after you have returned to your hoae*
With very beet wishes,
Tours in peace and friendship,
THE SOUTH AFR1CAS DELBGATICLJ
N N .*
Collection Number: AD1812
RECORDS RELATING TO THE 'TREASON TRIAL' (REGINA vs F. ADAMS AND OTHERS ON CHARGE OF HIGH TREASON, ETC.), 1956 1961 TREASON TRIAL, 1956 1961
Copyright Notice: All materials on the Historical Papers website are protected by South African
copyright law and may not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, displayed, or otherwise published in any format, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner.
Disclaimer and Terms of Use: Provided that you maintain all copyright and other notices contained therein, you may download material (one machine readable copy and one print copy per
page) for your personal and/or educational non-commercial use only.
People using these records relating to the archives of Historical Papers, The Library, University of the
Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, are reminded that such records sometimes contain material which is uncorroborated, inaccurate, distorted or untrue. While these digital records are true facsimiles of the
collection records and the information contained herein is obtained from sources believed to be accurate and reliable, Historical Papers, University of the Witwatersrand has not independently
verified their content. Consequently, the University is not responsible for any errors or omissions and
excludes any and all liability for any errors in or omissions from the information on the website or any related information on third party websites accessible from this website.
This document is part of a private collection deposited with Historical Papers at The University of the
