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DESIGN STUDIO: AIR JOURNAL

TIANYI YANG 638506 TUTOR: SONYA PARTON TUTORIAL TIME: TUESDAY 6:15 PM

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CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION PART A: CONCEPTUALISATION DESIGN FUTURE A1. DESIGN COMPUTATION A2. COMPOSITION/GENERATION

A3. CONCLUSION

A4. LEARNING OUTCOMES

A5. APPENDIX - ALGORITHMIC SKETCHES

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My name is Tianyi Yang (Bill), I am a third year student who major in Architecture. I come from Beijing, China. I was immigrating to Australia with my parents when I was 14, then been stayed in Melbourne until now. I stayed the high school here and started my Bachelor of Environment in The University of Melbourne since 2013.

I chose Architecture as my major because my dream is to become an architect, I think the most interesting job is to design thing for people, especially buildings. I fell under the influence of my father, he is mechanical engineer which design different machines. Instead of design machines I found it is more exciting to design houses when I was young. I feel I still have a long way to go in order to achieve this dream, I will try my best to overcome the difficulties and learn the skills which required in Architecture design.

The most important processes in Architecture is thinking, sketching, designing, making and presenting. I will do my best to push myself in order to learning these processes and hope I can achieve a higher level through this semesters learning experience.

My opinion surrounding Architecture and design is that we need to use our imagination to explore the designs and to be critical about the existing designs. One of the good way to achieve this is use the tools such as digital design software. As an Architecture student manual sketching skill is very important but it cost a lot time to practice in order to get a standard which enough for presenting the design. Along with the development of science and technology, we can design things in a quicker and easier way. By using computer, we can put more time on analysing, thinking and designing instead of spent hours and hours drawing and modifying by hand. Furthermore, the software such as Rhino and AutoCAD can give us an image of what we think instantly and clearly. It is a better way to record our design processes than the original method of design. I am very interested in parametric design, this type of design is based on algorithmic thinking that enables the expression of parameters which would make the design looks complex in geometries and structures. I personally like this type of buildings, I believe it is how our future architecture look like.

Technical skill set:

This semesters learning is about digital designs, we are required to obtain the skill of using InDesign to layout and use Rhino to adjust images and making 3D models. I have not use InDesign and Rhino before, in previous studies, I learnt how to use Photoshop, AutoCAD, Google Sketchup and Illustrator. I have found that many functions in InDesign and Rhino are as same as other digital design software, I will try my best to learn these two software as quickly as possible.

INTRODUCTION

DESIGN FURTURING PRECEDENT 1

THE YAS HOTEL, ABU DHABI, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

BY ASYMPTOTE ARCHITECTURE

The Yas hotel is a 500-room hotel located in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. The total area is 85,000 m, its structure look like a big web which stay over an F1 race circuit. Half of the building located over the water and other half is located on the land. [1] The building itself is linked by steel and glass structural. The hotels exterior surface is designed extraordinary, during the day time it reflect the sunlight and when the night time comes it is lit by a full colour changing LED lighting system over the entire surface of the building. [2]

The Yas Hotel expand our think on ordinary buildings, it link the land and the water together as a whole. The Shell visually connects the entire complex together while producing optical effects and design against the surrounding sky, sea and desert landscape. The design of this hotel embodying various key influences ranging from the form associated with artistry and geometries forming, speed and movement. It is developed from the fundamental of ancient Islamic art and craft traditions. The hotel position itself symbolically and functionally as a modern architecture design, it shows us what a future architecture can be.

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DESIGN FURTURING PRECEDENT 2

VERTICAL PARK IN MEXICO BY JORGE HERNANDEZ DE LA GARZA

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This Vertical Park is located in Mexico, design by Jorge Herandez. Each part of the structure can be configured to provide spaces for public and private use. It has rainwater collection system as well as the solar panels, the design of steel frames can form into a container to easily collect rainwater, it also can support the solar panels which can power the buildings diverse functions and let wind to pass through structure on warm days. These designs make this building became very sustainable. There are also green space added to the design of this Vertical Park, because in the Mexico citys population is keep increase, the city is become very squash, this is not much room for green space inside the city, nearly all empty spaces are built up. To overcome this problem, architects and urbanists design this extraordinary form of buildings, which intends to infuse the city with much needed green space in the form of a modular skyscraper made up of a series of stacking units. The structure with solar panels also contains sky-gardens in addition to spaces for living and working and recycles all of its own water. [3]

This should be a very good example of parametric design, the relationship between each module is used to manipulate and inform the design of complex geometries and structures. It also shows us what a future architecture looks like, this Vertical Park not only designed vertically to create a high-rise structure, but also spread horizontally in order to create canopies for street level commerce.

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A.1. DESIGN COMPUTATIONDesign with computer became more and more popular these days, digital design software can seem as a tool which we use to do things such as we need a knife to cut the paper, it is a tool which can get our thinking on to the screen. Compare to original architecture design methods which is sketching out things in our mind by hand, design computation make our design can be done easier. Rather than spend hours of drawing and modifying, we can simply draw diagram and sketch 3-D model in a much less time on those digital design software. Design computation can extend our imagination, we could play around with the mouse to modify and develop until a satisfied design project come up. The born of digital design software makes the threshold of designer became lower, people with rich imagination and talent of design can design things even they do not have an excellent drawing skills or a deep understanding of the fundamental of design. Design computation is preceding architectural theory, it makes people understand the aspects of problems more deeply, so designers can solve them in a quick and easy way. It makes people have ability to design complicated structural, and it makes people are able to explain problems and solution a clear way with computational terms. Moreover, by exploring material capacities through design computation, architect can design their building in a more sustainable way which would reduce the construction and maintenance cost.However, design computation cannot fully replace the old way of architectural designing processes, for example sketching by hand and make models. Throughout the sketching process by our own hand, we can get the initial ideas in our mind on to the paper. By design computation, sometimes we would lost our original ideas in an half way, because various information on computer will affect our thinking, we may lost a brilliant idea. Also we need make model in order to have a deeper understanding of our work, this process is hardly fully replace by computer 3-D modelling.

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PRECEDENT 1 ESPLANADE THEATRES ON THE BAY, SINGAPORE

BY DP ARCHITECTS AND LONDON-BASED MICHAEL WILFORD & PARTNERS Esplanade theatre is waterside building located alongside Marina Bay near the Singapore River. It is a national art performance theatre in Singapore, it contain a concert hall which can seat up to 1600 visitors with a capacity of around 2000 performing arts. It has multipliable functions, there are outdoor performing centres, retail shops. Shopping malls and food spaces design in this building. The structural of this theatre made up of two rounded frames fitted with over 7,000 triangle glass sunshades which texture an elaborate skin. These triangle glass sunshades offer an optimised tradeoff between solar shading and panoramic outward views, the result provides filtered natural light and a dramatic transformation of shadow and texture throughout the day. At night the forms glow back onto the city as lanterns by the bay. There is a large rooftop open space design in the project which give a panoramic views of the city. As the designer said, A secondary sun shading lattice is used with folded sunshades which gradually transform in shape and orientation. The resulting dynamic and ever-changing mesh of dappled sunlight and shadows has given this world class performing arts venue its distinctively Singaporean personality. [4]This is an example of contemporary computational design. With computational design, architects are able to design complex biomimetic architecture. Design computation played a very important role in reducing constriction time and cost, digital design software make the complex work much easier, architect can now see how design develops as a whole and make changes accordingly.[5]

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PRECEDENT 2

BEKO MASTERPLAN COMPLEX, SERBIA

BY ZAHA HADID

Beko Masterplan project, which will be located in the centre of Belgrad, Serbia. The design include residential areas, commercial spaces, and a large convention facility plus a five-star boutique hotel. [6]

The buildings are designed in heavy curves, the designer Zaha Hadid believe this type of building is able to suit peoples need, it will integrate with the riverside neighborhood of the citys historic Dorcol quarter. [7]

This could be an example of contemporary computational design, the complex curve would only be done with design computation. Without use computer, architect may not able to design this complex parametric shape building. It is nearly impossible to calculate the structure force and choose the right material to actually build this architecture. Computer systems can provide accurate 3-D construction information to allow the architect understand the status of their design and development space for their project. Furthermore, by exploring material capacities through design computation, architect can design their building in a more sustainable way which would reduce the construction and maintenance cost. This show how design computation benefit and push forward architecture designs.

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A.2. COMPOSITION/GENERATIONA computational method is a method which would help designer introduced new and more efficient logical algorithmic process which can create more new systems. A generation method is parametric designing which based a consistent network of relationships between individual objects, these object are connected with same bond. In this way, the designer can change one element whilst working with other component within a system. For example, if you design balcony for a building, each balcony must have an area equal to 1/10 of rooms floor area. Its simple, but when next day you would decide that 1/9 will do better, and there are 200 balconies. Now without design computation, it is in a very difficult situation, you have to redraw everything and recalculate all the measures plus the usage of material. With intelligent computer systems, we can simply let the computer handle this algorithm.

In a similar way compare to parametric design, scripting cultures allowed for algorithmic design processes to advance. Architects are able to design very complex form with a simple method. When user defines a set of rules and the software would arrange the form according to the rules. Algorithmic design is a system which can produce complex form based on simple component. Overall, parametric design has its positives but it also has shortcomings. Some design program does not give architect the possibility of creating something rather than using what exists and transforming it in a way that suit clients needs. Digital design software still needs to develop in the future in order to giving the freedom to start from a scratch and develop a model that is 100% created rather than re-used from a library that is embedded in the program.

PRECEDENT 1 BEIJING NATIONAL STADIUM (BIRDS NEST), BEIJING, CHINA

BY HERZOG & MEURON I come from Beijing, the parametric design topic remind me to have a think about the architectures in my hometown. I believe the Birds Nest should be a very good example which demonstrates parametric and algorithmic design. The birds Nest is used for Olympics which operated in Beijing in 2008, it was designed by Swiss architects Herzog & Meuron in 2003 and went through 13 large modification, finally completed in September, 2007. The stadium is designed in inside out form, beginning with the competitive field in the centre and then the seating stands around it for 91,000 spectators, designed to promote an exciting atmosphere that would spur athletes on to deliver top performances.[8]The Architects used the top parametric modelling software to develop a bowl geometry optimized for Olympic athletics that would also work well for soccer in legacy mode. The body part of stadium is made up by complex steel structure, and the fundamental part is made in steel concrete structure. [9]This is an example of using generation method, through parametric modelling process, not only such complex structure is able to designed, but also saved a lot of costs. For example, it saved a lot of usage in steel, by demonstrate, analysis and accurate calculation in 3-D parametric modelling, architects and engineers are able to find the best way to build this stadium. All the unnecessary steel support can be reduced, in a result of 2000 tons of steel are reduced in total. In addition, because the powerful function of parametric modelling systems, the real world can be simulation, in this way architects can develop their design in according to all information simulated by the system such as wind power, embody energy use, climate change and so on, in order to achieve a more sustainable building.

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PRECEDENT 2

BMW WELT, GERMANY

BY COOP HIMMELB(I)AU

BMW Welt is a multi-functional exhibition and customer centre. It is located in Munich, Germany. It is use for exhibit the newest BMW products and cars to customers and it can also use for hold event and a conference center. It is an unordinary modern architecture, designed in an abstract and complex shape. The main material use is steel, the construction of BMW Welt used up to 4000 tons of steel. Every single one of the steel sections was manufactured with its own, special template, and every one had to keep within two millimetres of the design specifications. These sections also function as ducts for key data cables. [10] The double cone part in this build form the one piece in term of statics, it also function as the support of the 16000 square meters roof. [11] By accurate calculation through 3-D parametric modelling process, architects minimized the material usage, there are only 11 columns designed used to support the roof. This shows how parametric modelling benefits architecture design, it helps architects design extremely complex buildings and also maximize material saving. This is the way how future architecture design goes, and I believe along with design computation development, our building and live systems will be more consummate than ever before.

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CONCLUSIONArchitecture and design is keep changing from time to time, century to centuries and it will not stop. As mankind architects always like to make their design go advancer, they always searching a better, easier and faster way to design thing. This is why those design computing system developed, these tool increased designers control of their project, expressed their imagination and make the impossible design into possible. Parametric and algorithmic design changes our old view on buildings, it generates the New World of architecture, and it created a new and more complex world. Before these methods come up, architecture design often restricted and limited by a set of constraints.

With paramedic design, we can express our imagination further, we are able to discover different parameters which would make the design looks complex in geometries and structures. With paramedic 3-D computing modelling, we can design extremely complex buildings and also maximize material saving in order to make our building become more sustainable which currently a very important issue in architecture design field.

Paramedic design is become plays a more and more important role in modern architecture, along with the development of paramedic modelling and building information modelling (BIM), even more paramedic design would come up and this may show what our future architectures look like.

LEARNING OUTCOMES Through the process of write this journal, my view on architecture is changed a lot. I feel I learnt many things I did not know in the past and obtained many new opinions on architecture and design. I learnt how computing affect the design process and its impact on the range of conceivable and achievable geometries. I understood the advantage and shortcoming of algorithmic thinking, paramedic modelling and scripting cultures. I obtained the information of how technologies expand future possibilities. Things I learnt would definitely help my future design work and especially on the following project which design things in Merri Creek. Paramedic design gives me lots of inspiration, it makes me think designing more broadly and deeply.

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REFERENCE 1. Arch Daily, The Yas Hotel / Asymptote, < http://www.archdaily.com/43336/the-yas-hotel-asymptote/> [accessed 16 March 2015]2. Ibid3. Inhabitat, Vertical Park: Stackable Solar Skyscraper for Mexico City (2009), < http://inhabitat.com/vertical-solar-park-for-mexico-city/> [accessed 16 March 2015]4. DP ARCHITECTURE, Esplanade C Theatres on the Bay, , [accessed 18 March 2015]5. BA biomimetic architecture, Biomimetic Shading Techniques of the Esplanade Theatre, , [accessed 18 March 2015]6. Futuristc news, Beko Masterplan Complex By Zaha Hadid (2013), , [accessed 19 March 2015]

7. Ibid

8. CIOB, Beijing National Stadium, , [accessed 19 March 2015]

9. Designbuild, Beijing National Stadium, The Birds Nest, China, , [accessed 20 March 2015]

10. Inhabitat, BMW Welt: Solar-powered Masterpiece in Munich (2007), < http://inhabitat.com/bmw-welt-solar-powered-masterpiece-in-munich/>, [accessed 20 March 2015]

11. Ibid

IMAGE REFERENCE 1. http://www.archdaily.com/43336/the-yas-hotel-asymptote/

2. http://www.archdaily.com/43336/the-yas-hotel-asymptote/

3. http://www.inhabitat.com/wp-content/uploads/verticalpark3.jpg

4. http://www.urbangardensweb.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/verical_tower_diagram.jpg

5. http://www.hernandezdelagarza.com/repository/proyecto/real/p8_1366065045619.jpg

6. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/The_Esplanade_%E2%80%93_Theatres_on_the_Bay.jpg

7. http://www.mongabay.com/images/indonesia/singapore/singapore5396.JPG

8. http://static.dezeen.com/uploads/2013/08/dezeen_Beko-Masterplan-by-Zaha-Hadid_5.jpg

9. http://www.designagenda.me/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/BEKO_03.jpg

10. http://cdn.homesthetics.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/The-Chinese-National-Stadium-in-Beijing-%E2%80%93-The-Bird%E2%80%99s-Nest-Stadium-homesthetics-1.jpg

11. http://www.blogcdn.com/realestate.aol.com/blog/media/2012/07/61-beijing-birds-nest-getty-images.jpg

12. http://assets.wallpaper.com/wallpaper/live/galleryimages/17050160/gallery/testuser5_oct2007_01_bmw_rhaqTf_Y3aWd1.jpg

13. http://www.mimoa.eu/images/6261_l.jpg