Yasushi Yasui - NEDO

13th February, 2015

Yasushi Yasui Director General Environment Department

New Energy Development and Industry Development Organization

NEDO Forum Clean Coal Technology Session "Current situation and future outlook for CO2 capture technology —

Focusing on clean coal technology”

New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization

Carbon Capture

Technologies

2

Clean-up of synthesis gas for IGFC

CO2 emissions reduction in iron and

steel industry (COURSE50 Project)

NEDO Projects

IGCC (EAGLE STEP 1) 2006

Low carbonization in iron and steel

industry

Low carbonization

in coal-fired

power generation Development

of CO2

capture

technology

Improvement

of power

generation

efficiency

CO2 capture

& emissions

reduction

Utilization of low rank coal

Drying &

upgrading

Consideration of business model/

Demonstration abroad

2017

2014

2030

2035

2030 - 2050

Establishment of Technology (Year)

Chemical/physical absorption (EAGLE STEP 2 & 3)

Oxy-fuel IGCC

Chemical looping combustion

1. Development of Clean Coal Technology by NEDO

Entrained flow steam gasification 2030


47% 37%

Reference: World Energy Outlook 2002, 2004, 2007–2012, 2014

World primary energy demand by source World power generation by source

Mto

e

Mto

e

3

2. Global Primary energy demand and power generation by

sources

○ Coal is known as very important energy resource that has the characteristics distributed over a wide

area and stable low price relatively, compared with others energy resources.

○ Coal shares will be about 25% in Global Primary energy demand and about 40% in Global power

generation in 2035.

29% 24%


DOT：500 g-CO2/kWh

EIB： 550 g-CO2/kWh

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

[g-C

O2/k

Wh]

1195

967 907 889

958

864 806

695 476

375

Chaina U.S. Germany World India Coal Fired

（Japan） USC IGCC IGFC Oil

（Japan）

LNG

（steam）

LNG

（gas turbine

combined）

Reference ：Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry（2009）、CO2 Emissions Fuel Combustion (2012)

Even most efficient coal fired thermal power generation discharge about 2 times CO2

compared to LNG-Fired.

Coal fired thermal power generation needs Improvement of the efficiency and introduction

carbon capture

utilization and storage (CCUS).

4

3. Comparison CO2 emission by power generation

Coal Fired thermal power

in the World

Coal Fired thermal power

in Japan

Reduction

by CCS

Coal

Power

with CCS


GCCSI Global Status of CCS 2014

１４％

When we doesn‘t perform carbon dioxide emission, the quantity of annual CO2 emission increases to 50

billion tons in 2050, and world average temperature will increase approximately 6 degrees.

It is necessary to reduce annual CO2 emission to approximately 15 G tons to keep raise of world mean

temperature to 2 degrees in the IEA model. CCS is expected to carry 14% of the quantity of CO2

reduction.

G tons/year

Nuclear

Renewable Energy

End-use fuel switching

Power generation efficiency and fuel switching

End-use fuel and electricity efficiency

6℃

increase

50Gtons

2℃

Increase

15Gtons

4. Cumulative CO2 emissions reduction thorough

2050 in a 2℃ by CCS


4.1 World present development of IGCC-CCS

2005 2020 1995 2000 2015 2010 1990

●Puertollano （Spain,318MW,1997）

●Buggenum （Netherland,284MW,1994）

●Polk Power （UA,315MW,1996）

●Wabash River （UA,296MW,1995） ●IGCC: Country, Power output,

Operation year ○IGCC-CCS： CCS operation year, Capture capacity

Edwardsport ● (UA,630MW,2013）

Taean ● (Korea,300MW,2015）

Teeside ○ （GB,2018,4.2Mtpa）

Don Valley Hatfield ○ （GB,2018,4.75Mtpa）

Green Gen○ (China,2016,2Mtpa）

Green Gen

・China GreenGen

・PhaseⅠ（2006-2011） 2,000tpd IGCC Tianjin

Phase Ⅱ（2010-2013） 3,500-2,000tpd IGCC+ Hydrogen+CCS

Phase Ⅲ（2014-2017） 400MW IGCC+Hydrogen+FC+CCS

【Example of Project】

Kemper

・US Southern Company

・Power output 582MW

・Operation 2014

・Capture capacity3.0Mtpa

IGCC

IGCC

IGCC＋CCS

Into practice CCS by Pre-Combustion carbon

capture method

●Improvement of gasification technology

●Higher efficiency, realization of CCS and lower

cost

Many demonstration plants are planned in the

world

HECA ○ (UA,2018,3Mtpa）

Kemper ○ （UA,2014,3.5Mtpa）

Cash Creek New Gas ○ (UA,2018,5Mtpa）

6

Osaki CG ○ （Japan,2019,0.3Mtpa）

Nakoso ● (Japan,250MW,2007）

Summit ○ （UA,2018,2Mtpa）

７00m

1500m


4.2 Large scale CCS projects in the world

出展：GCCSI Global Status of CCS 2014

CO2/EOR is mainstream under the present conditions


4.3 Present Challenges on CCS

CO2/EOR is carried out mainly because CO2 can sell for the present conditions. CCS of the aquifer is not economy of the business because it rises the electricity

cost, it is come true only when the measures of the policy are taken. CCS except CO2/EOR notes the PA(Public Acceptance) for long-term CO2 storage,

and it is necessary to be able to go ahead with the consensus of stakeholders.

Carbon capture is feasible technology under present conditions by combination of present technologies, but expensive.

As for capture, it is necessary to develop the high precision prediction technology of the CO2 storage area for the large scale storage of millions of tons per year and low cost continuous CO2 monitoring technology after site closedown.

CCSの概要（帯水層貯留） CO2/EORの概要（枯渇油田の再生）

Policy

Technology


5. Cost of electricity with CCS in the present conditions

(1) (2)

(3)

(4)

Storage from onshore base Storage from offshore base

Offshore Base

洋上基地

6,187

9,892

10,97311,343

8,246

10,831

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

ケース① ケース② ケース③ ケース④ ケース⑤ ケース⑥

CO

2の費

用（円

／ト

ンC

O2）

分離・回収エネルギーペナルティ液化・昇圧輸送貯留

（1259km）（1074km）（704km）（120km）（120km）（輸送無 0km）

6,187

9,892

10,97311,343

8,246

10,831

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

ケース① ケース② ケース③ ケース④ ケース⑤ ケース⑥

CO

2の費

用（円

／ト

ンC

O2）

分離・回収エネルギーペナルティ液化・昇圧輸送貯留

（1259km）（1074km）（704km）（120km）（120km）（輸送無 0km）

Storage from

onshore base

Capture

Energy penalty

（Cost increase by

lowering of efficiency）

Liquefier and

Pressurize

Transportation

Storage

CO

2 C

ost（

ye

n／

t-C

O2）

Aquifer CO2

Storage area

CAPEX of

Power

Generation

O&M of

Power

Generation

Fuel

CAPEX of

Transportation

O＆M of

Transportation

O＆M of Storage

CAPEX of Storage

Increase 3yens/kWh by Carbon capture

Cost of electricity of IGCC with CCS

Carbon capture cost is 3,500yen/t-CO2

Cost of CO2

（3,500yen）

3円/kWh

Aquifer CO2

Storage area

Storage from

offshore base

Co

st

of

Ele

ctr

icit

y （

ye

n/k

Wh

）

Storage from

onshore base

Storage from

offshore base Without CCS


Private Company development

supported by METI

NEDO Development

10

6. CO2 Capture Technologies

Post Combustion

CO2Capture

Pre Combustion

CO2Capture

（Chemical or Physical）

Oxy-fuel

CO2Capture

Oxy-IGCC

PC

Boile

r IG

CC

Developed by Private Companies

Chemical Looping

CO2 Membrane

Separation

CF

BC

With Capture Unit Without Capture Unit


B-1 B-2

11

B-1) Conventional CO2Capture（Amine）

[ref: DOE/NETLReport 2010]

B-2) Chemical Looping

Reduction of Efficiency Loss of Power Generation with Carbon Capture

A-1) Conventional CO2Capture（Amine）

[ref: DOE/NETLReport 2010]

A-2) EAGLE – Chemical adsorption

A-3) EAGLE – Physical adsorption

A-4) Oxy-IGCC

PC （USC） IGCC

A-1 A-2 A-3 A-4

Loss: 2 points （Recover 90% of CO2）

Target：Reduction of CO2 capture cost

Base condition : IGCC （Without CO2 capture）（Dry gas treatment）

6.1 Development CO2 Capture Technology

Base condition : PC（USC）（ Without CO2 capture ）




Loss: ≓ 0 points （Recover 100% of CO2）

Loss: 9 points （ Recover 90% of CO2 ）


■STEP 1 (2002–2006) - Oxygen-blown entrained-flow gasifier was developed

- Gas cleanup technology was established

■STEP 2 (2007–2009) - CO2 capture technology (chemical absorption) was developed

- Coal type diversification (high ash fusion temperature coal) was carried out

■STEP 3 (2010–2013) - Development of CO2 capture technology (physical absorption)

Air separation facilities

Gas purifier

Gas turbine

house (8 MW)

EAGLE Pilot Plant (150 tons/day)

Gasifier

(150 tons/day) CO2 Separation

facilities

Chemical adsorption

Physical adsorption

6.2 Development of Carbon Capture Technology

(EAGLE STEP-2 & 3)

12


13

Improvement: 3.4 points

Further Improvement:

1.0 point

A drastic reduction in loss of efficiency for CO2 capture was achieved.

It will be studied whether the cost of CO2 capture can be reduced

from USD 0.03/kWh to USD 0.02/kWh.

6.4 Development of CO2 capture technology

Chemical/Physical Absorption

(EAGLE Stage-2 & 3)

Method of CO2 Capture Net Thermal

Efficiency

Loss of

Efficiency

Without CO2 Capture 45.6%

With CO2

Capture

(Recovery

Rate: 90%)

Chemical

Absorption

Heat Regeneration

(conventional) 34.8% 10.8%

Heated Flash

Regeneration

(newly-developed) 38.2% 7.4%

Physical Absorption 39.2% 6.4%

(Higher Heating Value Basis)

(With a 1,500ºC class gas turbine)


14

IGCC with CO2 capture which has no CO2 capture unit nor shift reactor.

Target net thermal efficiency is 42% with CO2 capture.

(Loss of efficiency is 2 points for CO2 capture)

The cost for CO2 capture could be reduced from USD 0.03/kWh to 0.02/kWh.

6.5 Oxy-fuel IGCC

Gasifier

O2

CO2

Coal

GT ST G Power Syn Gas

CO2 recycle

CO2 capture

CO: 66%

H2: 24%

CO2: 5%

GT: Gas Turbine ST: Steam Turbine G: Generator

Combustor

O2 CO2 recycle

Establishment of Technology: in 2035

Recover 100% of CO2


15

A technology for middle-sized coal-fired power stations (100 MW - 500 MW).

Neither air separation unit nor CO2 capture unit is required.

Target net thermal efficiency is 46% with CO2 capture.

(No loss of efficiency for CO2 capture)

The cost for CO2 capture could be reduced from USD 0.04/kWh to 0.02/kWh.

Metal oxide reactor

Coal combustor

N2

MOX

MOX-1

Coal

Air

Cyclone

Steam

Cyclone

CO2: (98%, dry) HRSG

N2: (98%, dry) HRSG

HRSG: Heat Recovery Steam Generator

Steam (for Power Generation)

N2

MOX

Establishment of Technology: in 2030

6.6 Chemical Looping Combustion


16

7. Conclusion

1. Reduction of CO2 capture is important challenge

in the case of CCS which CO2 is resaved in the

aquifer or

in the case of CCUS which CO2 is used and sold.

2. NEDO has carried out the reduction of capture

cost of 30% from the coal firing power plant.

3. We continuously take effort for cost down of CO2

capture and contribute for CCS or CCUS to

realization of the important choice for the global

warming measures.

Date post:	24-Dec-2021
Category:	Documents
Upload:	others
View:	6 times
Download:	0 times

Yasushi Yasui - NEDO

Documents