YAWANAWAREDD+INITIATIVEINTHEINDIGENOUSLANDOFGREGÓRIORIVER,TARAUACÁ,ACRE,BRAZIL

1.Introduc,onReducingemissionsfromdeforesta1onandforestdegrada1onandtheroleofconserva1on,sustainablemanagementofforestsandenhancementofforestcarbonstocksindevelopingcountries(REDD+)ispartoftheUnitedNa1onsFrameworkConven1ononClimateChange(UNFCCC).TheREDD+modelprovidesadynamicwayforen11estooffsettheircarbonemissionswhilecrea1ngaddi1onenvironmentalandsocialbenefitsrelatedtotheUnitedNa1onsSustainableDevelopmentGoals.

OneofthemostimportantvectorstofulfilltheParisagreementgoalofkeepingglobalwarmingwithintwodegreesofpre-industriallevelsisprotec1ngexis1ngrainforest.Keytoprotec1ngrainforestsaretheindigenouspeopleswholivethere.REDD+isamodelthatcanempowerindigenouspeopletostewardtherainforestwhilealsobenefi1nglocalgovernments.

SinceamajorityofglobalrainforestislocatedinBrazil,itisparamountthattheREDD+modelbesuccessfullyestablishedandscaledthere.GeRngthemodelrightwillrequireatruepartnershipwithindigenouspeoples,government,andcorpora1onslookingforthebestwaytomeettheircarbonoffsetobliga1ons.

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YawanawáyouthoverlookingtheGregórioRiver

TheYawanawáarerecognizedlocally,na1onally,andinterna1onallyasleadersinprotec1ngrainforestandindigenouspeoplesrights.NowtheYawanawáareworkingwithgovernment,NGO,andcorporatepartnerstoestablishaREDD+modelthatcanbescaledthroughoutBrazilforthebenefitofallpar?esandtheglobalenvironment.

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The late great Yawanawá shaman, Tata

2.OverviewCurrentlytheIndigenousLandofGregórioRiveranditspeoplearethreatenedbymul1pleforces,including…- Predatoryfishingandhun1ngaroundtheterritoryandtheinvasionsoffishermenandprofessionalhunterswithintheterritory.

- Woodexploita1onwithintheterritorydrivenbyloggingac1vityinthesurroundingstateforest.

- Theincreaseoftheindigenouspopula1oncombinedwithanincreaseddemandinthequalityoffood

- Thevulnerabilityofthevillagestoextremeclima1cevents(severefloods,prolongeddroughts,intensecold,etc).

TheYawanawápeopleinhabittheIndigenousLandofGregórioRiverlocatedinthemunicipalityofTarauacá,inthestateofAcre.Thisterritoryhasapproximately180thousandhectares,withonly2,081hectaresalreadyconvertedintootheruses.TheGregórioRiverhas98.9%ofitsrainforestpreservedthankstotheeffortsoftheindigenouspeopleswholivethere.Thisrichlybiodiverseareaishometomanymanyendangeredspeciesandvulnerablefaunaincluding;blackmonkey,catmaracajá,paintedJaguar,Jabu:andmutum.

TheYawanawáREDD+modelwillworkonthreeimportantaxistoreduceand/oreliminatethreatswhileincreasingresilience,accordingtotheLifePlanalreadydevelopedbytheindigenouspeoplesoftheIndigenousLandofGregórioRiver.ThemainobjecJvesare:- ToexpandandstrengthenterritorialprotecJonandsurveillance- AchieveanintegratedproducJonoftheforest,agroforestryandhandcraMs- Recoveryofpreviouslyconvertedareas- Seekastrong,efficientandeffecJveSocialOrganizaJon,includingastrengtheningoftheYawanawáCouncilincreasedwomen'sleadership

AllfundswillberaisedbytheYawanawáFundanddistributedaccordingtopriorityacJonsintheLifePlan.

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Yawanawá elder and friend

3.ScopeofTerritoryTheIndigenousLandofGregórioRiverislocatedintheheadwatersoftheGregórioriver,animportanttributaryoftheJuruáriver.Theterritorycurrentlycovers187,400hectareswithanes:matedperimeterof245kilometers.

Thisareawasrecognizedinthemid-1980swhentheBraziliangovernmentrecognizedtherightsoftheYawanawáandKatukinapeoplestoexclusiveuseoftheirtradi:onalterritory.Atthe:me,itwasdemarcatedwithanareaof92,860hectares.Asthisextensiondidnotaddressseveralimportantsitesofbothpeoples,in2001theYawanawáandKatukinabegantomobilizetorevisetheboundariesofthearea.In2006theextendedboundarieswasrecognizedbyFUNAI,theBraziliangovernmentalprotec1onagencyforIndianinterestsandculture.Finally,in2007,thisnewextensionwasmadeofficialbytheMinistryofJus1ce.

AccesstotheterritoryiseitherthroughthecityofTarauacáorthroughthecityofCruzeirodoSul.Fromoneoftheseci:es,youcrossBR364tothetownofSãoVicente,onthebanksoftheGregórioriver.Fromthere,thisriverrisestothemouthoftheMatrinxãstream,atributaryonitsrightbank,wheretheterritorybegins.Allthecommuni:esaresituatedupalongtheGregórioriver.

TheYawanawáREDD+projectwillbeginin2019withannualaccountsscheduledfortheperiodupto2030andwillcountontheac1va1onofpastcreditsasaformofculturalvaloriza1on.

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Transpor9ngseedingsontheGregórioRiver

4.Par,cipa,ngOrganiza,onsTheYawanawáSocioculturalAssociaJon-ASCY,willbethelegalenJtyresponsiblefortheproject.Itwasfoundedin2008by7communiJesalongtheGregórioRiver:Matrinchã,Amparo,Yawarani,SevenStars,Tibúrcio,EscondidoandMutum.

TheASCYmissionisto:- EnsuretheprotecJonandsurveillanceoftheterritory- StrengthentheculturalandspiritualmanifestaJonsoftheYawanawápeople- CreateneweconomicalternaJvesthatsociallyandeconomicallybenefitthepeople- DefendthecollecJveinterestoftheASCYcommuniJes

TheASCYisheadedbyaBoardofDirectorselectedatanExtraordinaryMeeJng,composedofaGeneralCoordinator,ViceCoordinator,Secretary,andTreasurer-allwitha4-yearterm.AFiscalCouncilisalsoelectedwitha4-yearterm.

In2015,the"YawanawáLeadershipCouncil"wascreatedbyASCY,composedof2membersfromeachcommunity,onewomanandoneman.ThecouncilisanewmodelofgovernanceoftheYawanawápeople,becauseinitthe"voice"ofwomenhasthesamevalueasthatofmen.AspartofthisnewmodelofinternalorganizaJon,theYawanawáFundisbeingdraMed,whichwillserveasabasetosupporttheacJviJesofthe"LifePlan”.

AlongtheGregóriorivertherearefourKatukinacommuni1esofapproximately150peopleeachthatwillequallypar1cipateandbenefitfromthisprogram.

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Yawanawáyouth

TheNewHopecommunity(Yawanawá)ofapproximately250peoplewillnotpar1cipatedirectlyintheprojectduetohavingotherpriori1esatthis1me.However,theywills1llgainfromtheindirectbenefitsoftheproject,i.e.thehealthandintegrityoftheterritory.Theywillalsoremainupdatedontheprojectandwillhavetheop1ontopar1cipateatany1me.

Themainprojectpar1cipantsandtheirrespec1verolesandresponsibili1esarelistedinthetablebelow.

Table 1. Main Participants

Partner Ins/tu/on Role

BrazilianAgriculturalResearchCorpora/on

EmbrapaPublicEnterprise

Technical/HumanResources/Scalinguptheresults

AVEDA Enterprise Financial

AmazonEnvironmentalResearchIns/tute

(IPAM)ResearchIns?tute Technical/Materials

IFAC-FederalIns/tuteofAcre ResearchIns?tute

HumanResources/Scalinguptheresults

FUNAI-Na/onalIndianFounda/on GovermentalIns?tute

Technicalandins/tu/onalfollow-up

TheAcreIns/tuteofClimateChange GovermentalIns/tute

Validate/monitortheprogramtoavoiddeforesta:on

� 6YawanawáplantnurseryincludingAcaiandGraviolaseedlings

5.ProjectManagement

4.1.FinancialmanagementFundswillbemanagedbyASCYthroughtheYawanawáFund.Fundingfromna1onalandinterna1onalins1tu1onswillbelinkedtothecorrespondingcer1fiedcarboncreditsavailableintheIndigenousLandofGregórioRiver.

Opera,onalBudget-Opera1ngcostsarelimitedtoupto20%ofthevaluestradedduringayear.ThesecostsarebudgetedbyASCYandderivefromadministra1vecosts,ins1tu1onaladvice,cer1fica1on,registra1onandindependentaudi1ng.

Mechanismsforthesaleofassets-AssetswillbetradedexclusivelythroughASCYandmanagedbytheYawanawáFund.

Accoun,ngAudit-Anindependentaccoun1ngauditwillbeconductedeachyeartoensuretheproperuseofresourcesandtransparencyforprojectdonorsandpartners.Thesecostsareincludedinthe20%ofopera1ngcosts.

4.2.HumanresourceManagementLaborcontrac,ngpolicy-Thecontractedworkforcewillbeprimarilyindigenous,withtechnicaladvicefromspecializedconsultants.

Trainingpolicies-Theprojectisbasedonprogramsofcon1nuoustrainingofleadersandindigenouspeopleonissuesofterritorialgovernance,ecosystemservices,integratedproduc1onandindigenousrights.

Genderpolicies-Thepursuitofgenderequalityintheprojectisabasicguideline.IncludingallthedecisionmakingoftheYawanawácouncilandtheforma1onofnewwomenleaders.

Descrip,onoftheteamsinvolvedandtheirqualifica,ons-Therewillbesixtechniciansformingthebasicprojectteamwhowillbeunderthesupervisionandcoordina1onoftheYawanawáCouncil.

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Yawanawá women handcrafting beaded art and jewelry

Table2.MainTechnicalTeamoftheYawanawáEnvironmentalServicesIncen9veProject.

Name Roleintheproject

Voca?onaltrainingand/orqualifica?on

Priorexperiencerelatedtoproject

objec?ves

Natureofemploymentrela?onship

Weeklyworkload

Paidwithresourcesrequestedinthe

proposal?

LauraYawanawa Coordinator

Anthropologist

Over20yearsexperienceworkingwithindigenouscommuni?es

Temporary 30 Yes

AntônioWillianFloresdeMello

Responsibleformonitoringac?vi?es

AgronomistwithMasterinEcology

ProfessorattheFederalUniversityofAcrewithmorethan15yearsofexperienceingeotechnology

Permanent 10 No

EmanuelFerreiradoAmaral

Responsibleforproduc?onac?vi?es

Agronomistspecializingingeoprocessingandenvironmentalmanagement

Morethan10yearsofexperiencewithac?vi?esinterritorialmanagementandmorethan3yearsofexperienceinindigenouscommuni?es

Temporary 20 Yes

EllenAcioli

Responsiblefortheac?vi?esofSocialOrganiza?on

BiologistwithaMastersinZoologywithemphasisinEcologyandConserva?onandspecialistinSustainableProjectsandClimateChange

Experienceinprojectswithtradi?onalcommuni?es.

Temporary 2 Yes

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4.3.ReviewMechanismsProceduresforcarryingoutperiodicprojectreviews-Everysixmonths,anevalua1onwillbecarriedoutinthecommuni1es,andageneralevalua1onwillbecarriedouteachyeartoevaluatetheposi1veandnega1veaspectsoftheprojectandallowitsrevisionforthenextyear.ThereviewprocesswillbecarriedoutbyASKYfrom2019andwillhaveaccumulatedpastcreditssince2015.

4.4.TransparencymechanismsMechanismstoprovideinforma1ontoallthepeopleinvolved,affectedandotherstakeholders-Theprojectforeseesthecon1nuousmobiliza1onandcommunica1onofac1onsandresultsthroughlocalleadershipsandtheinvolvementofthewholecommunityinthemonitoringandevalua1onoftheproject.Transparencyoftheimplementa1onbasedonthedecision-makingbytheCouncil(whichwouldbethemonitoringandtransparencybody)andtheac1vi1esexecutedsharedwiththewholecommunityandar1culatedwiththeAcresocietywillallowthesystema1cmonitoringofallstagesandknowledgeoftheresultsinabroadway.

LúcioFlávioZancanelladoCarmo

Responsibleformappingac?vi?es

PhDinSoilandPlantNutri?on

Extensiveexperienceingeoprocessing

Permanente 8 Não

AldeneideBa?stadeLima

Responsiblefortheadministra?veandfinancialac?vi?esoftheProject

GraduatedinAdministra?onwithQualifica?oninForeignTrade-FIRB,conclusionin2005.

ExtensiveexperienceintheareasofAdministra?veandFinancial,HumanResourcesandProjectManagement.

Temporary 30 Yes

� 9Tree planting site

6.Legal

LandStatusandEnvironmentalRegula,onoftheProjectAreaTheprojectareawasrecognizedinthemid-1980s,whentheBraziliangovernmentrecognizedtherightoftheYawanawáandKatukinapeoplestoexclusiveuseoftheirtradi1onalterritory.Atthe1me,itwasdemarcatedwithanareaof92,860hectares.Asthisextensiondidnotaddressseveralimportantsitesofbothpeoples,in2001theYawanawáandKatukinabegantomobilizetorevisetheboundariesofthearea.Thereviewstudiesoccurredin2004andthenewboundaryencompassing178,400wasrecognizedin2007byFUNAI,theBraziliangovernmentalprotec1onagencyforIndianinterestsandculture.

LegalRightsOverCarbonCreditsWithintheTerritoryIndigenouspeoplesinBrazilhavetherighttoenjoytheirlandinthecons1tu1onandinthegovernmentalregula1onscurrentlyinforce.Throughtheselaws,therightsoftheindigenouspeoplesinBrazilovercarboncreditsgeneratedfromtheirdemarcatedlandsisassured.

TherightsoftheUnionownershipoverBrazilianindigenouslandsareinstrumentalinprotec1ngtherightsofIndigenouspeoples,whoarerecognizedbythecons1tu1onashavingnaturalrightsovertheirterritories,includingbeforethecons1tu1onitself.Therefore,anypaymentsforenvironmentalservicesposi1onsforestlandusersasthebeneficiariesofsuchpayments.Addi1onally,thenaturalrightsoftheBrazilianindigenouspeoplesoverthelandstheytradi1onallyoccupy,asrecognizedbytheFederalCons1tu1on,areamongtheirhistoricalroleas"pioneersofallgenuinelyBrazilianculturesandciviliza1ons."Insuchcapacity,theirtradi1onofsustainableuseofnaturalresources,includingtheconserva1onofna1veforests,isfundamental.

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Gregório River

7.Descrip,onoftheProjectArea

7.1.Loca,onoftheprojectareaThemunicipalityofTarauacáislocatedinthenorthwestoftheStateofAcre,inBrazil,400kmawayfromthestatecapital,RioBranco.Ithasthefourthlargestpopula1onofthestate(35,526inhabitants)andoccupiesthethirdplaceamongthemunicipali1esofAcreinterritorialextension,withanareaof15,553.43km².Between1991and2010,themunicipality'shumandevelopmentindexrosefrom0.274to0.539.

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Figure2. Loca9onof themunicipalityofTarauacá in theStateofAcreandof the IndigenousLandofGregórioRiverinthemunicipalityofTarauacá.

TheYawanawápeopleinhabittheIndigenousLandofGregórioRiverlocatedintheMunicipalityofTarauacá.Thisterritoryhasapproximately180thousandhectares,withonly2,081hectaresofareaalreadyconvertedintootherusessuchasvariousagricultureplotsandplanta1ons.IndigenousLandofGregórioRiverhas98.9%ofitsrainforestintactthankstotheeffortsoftheindigenouspeopleswholivethere.

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Figure3.Indigenouslandlimitswithaviewofthediversityofforesttypologies

AccesstoindigenouslandiseitherthroughthecityofTarauacáorthroughthecityofCruzeirodoSul.Fromoneoftheseci1es,youcrossBR364tothetownofSãoVicente,onthebanksoftheGregórioriver.Fromthere,theGregórioriverrisestothemouthoftheMatrinxãstream,wheretheindigenouslandbegins.AllthevillagesaresituatedonthebanksoftheGregórioriver.

Figure4. The Indigenous LandofGregórioRiver,with indica9onof the communi9esand theGregórioRiver,theonlyaccessroutetotheIndigenousLandofGregórioRiver

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.TheIndigenousLandofGregórioRiversetslimitswithPublicForests,Extrac>veReservesandotherindigenouslands.

� Figure5.Landsitua9oninthevicinityoftheIndigenousLandofGregórioRiver.

7.2.HistoricalUseofSoilintheProjectAreaIntheIndigenousLandofGregórioRiverthereareseveraltypesoflandscapesrelatedmostlytoeleva1onbuttheyaregenerallyclassifiedintwomainways:firmandlowland.Thefirstarenon-floodareas,whilethelowlandareasareregularlyfloodedintheAmazonwinterseason.

TheGregórioriveristhemainwaterwayoftheindigenouslandandallofitsstreamsflowintoit.Inaddi1on,allvillagesarelocatedonitsbanks.Itisalsotheonlyaccesswaytotownsintheregion.Itisviatheriverthatalltheinhabitantstravelandtransportgoodssuchasfoodstuffs,fuel,etc.

Tradi1onalagricultureissubsistencefarmingforthemaintenanceoffamilygroups.Itistheac1vitythatprovidesmostoftheitemsinthedietandaccountsformostoftheworking1meofmenandwomen.Menassumetheexclusiveservicesthatrequirehardwork,suchasmanuallaborintheprepara1onoftheground,i.e.digging,felling,andweeding.Womentakepartinplan1ngandharves1ng.

Therearefloodplainplanta1onsanddrylandplanta1ons.Themainplantedvegetablesinthedietare:yucca,corn,variousvarie1esofbanana,cane,papaya,potato,sweetpotato,taioba,yam,watermelon,pineapple,andjerimum(pumpkin).Ofthese,yuccaandbananaoccupyalargerpartofthelandplots.

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Theecologicalcharacteris1csofindigenouslandaresummarizedinthefollowingtable:

Thelargeconserva1onareaishometomanyvulnerablespeciesthatareimportantforbiodiversity:

Speciesoffaunadirectlyincluded

Speciesoffloradirectlyincluded

Macacopreto(Ateleschamek)

Gatomaracajá(Leoparduspardalis)

Onçapintada(Pantheraonca)

Jabu/(Geocheloneden9culata)

Mutum(Craxglobulosa)

Samaúmabranca(Ceibapentandra)

Seringueira(Heveabrasiliensis)

Açaí(Euterpeoleraceae)

Jarina(Phytelephasmacrocarpa)

Paxiubinha(Iriarteasp.)

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Biome Ecosystems HydrographicBasinAreatobeworked(ha)

AmazôniaOpenForestwithPalm

TreesandOpenForestwithBamboo

GregórioRiverBasin 180,000

Indigenous Land of Gregório River

8.Descrip,onofAc,vi,es

8.1.EnvironmentalandSocialAc,vi,esBelowarethedetailedac1onsaccordingtotheobjec1vesandexecu1onschedule:

Specificobjec,ve1:ExpandandStrengthenTerritorialProtec1onandSurveillance

Ac,on1.1.Tostructureahighresolu1oncartographicinforma1onbaseofthesevenvillagesofIndigenousLand.

Inthisac1on,acartographicbaseoftheIndigenousLandwillbeconstructedusingthehydrographicalbaseoftheArmyGeographicService(DSG),theFUNAIlandinforma1ondatabaseandacollec1onofcontrolpointsinthecommuni1es,whichwillincludepointsoflandusetoobtainabasisonascaleof1:100,000.

Ineachcommunity,acoveragewillbemadewithRemotelyPilotedAircras(ARP)toobtainamosaicoflanduseassociatedwithadigitalterrainmodelatascaleof1:10,000,whichwillbethebaseofthegeographicaldatabaseofeachcommunitywithmappingofthehousesandtheirregistra1on.

Animagecardwithmediumresolu1onimages(10Mpixels)willbestructuredwithcartographicinforma1onintheindigenouslanguagefortheini1alyearoftheprojectandinthefinalyearthatwillbethebasisforthemonitoringandinspec1onac1ons.

Thisac1onwillbecarriedoutwithacon1nuoustrainingprocessfortheuseofGPSandnotebooksbyeachcommunitytoobtaincontrolpoints,areacalcula1on,markingpointsofinterest,naviga1on,crea1onofgeographicalcollec1ons,andgeo-referencedmonitoringac1ons.

Ac,on1.2.BuildanIntegratedCommunityMonitoringSystemforIndigenousLand

Fortheconstruc1onofthemonitoringsystem,threelevelswillbeused:strategic,tac1cal,andopera1onal.

Atthestrategiclevelwewilldevelopasystemoflowcostgeographicinforma1ontobeusedthroughsmartphonesandfromthecartographicbaseofinforma1onoftheterritory.

Atthetac1callevel,wewillcreateacommunica1onnetworkamongthesevencommuni1eswithlong-rangeradiothatwillallowcommunica1onbetweencommuni1es,FUNAIandVilaSãoVicente.Wewillalsostructureamonitoringandsupportsta1onattheentrancetotheterritoryandanotherpostintheheadwatersoftheGregórioriver.Thesemonitoringsta1onswillbepoweredbyphotovoltaiccells.

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Attheopera1onallevel,wewillhaveafleetofboatsequippedwithafastengine,safetyequipment,andmedium-rangeradios.

Foreachsystem,communica1onpieces(borderiden1fica1onplates,maps,folders,andvillageiden1fica1onplates)willbecreated,aswellasiden1fica1onofsurveillanceboatstoalloweffec1veandintelligentcommunitymonitoring.

Specificobjec,ve2.AchieveIntegratedProduc1onofForest,AgroforestryandHandcrass

Ac,on2.1.Buildfourmanagementplansfornon-1mberforestproducts

Inthisac1onwewillselectfourareastocarryoutforestinventorytoevaluatethepoten1alofexploita1onofnon-1mberforestproducts.Theforestinventoryprocesswillalsobeusedtomeasurethecarbonstocksintheterritory,basedonthevolumetricdatacollectedduringthefieldwork.Theinventorywillalsocomposealayerofinforma1onfromthegeographicinforma1onsystemtobestructured.Themanagementplansofthefourselectedareaswillhavestrategiesforthesustainableuseofnon-1mberforestresources,includingwaystocer1fytheoriginofresul1ngproducts,andthedefini1onsandopportuni1esofanintegratedproduc1onchain.

Ac,on2.2.Implementandconductsevenagroforestryconsor1umwithfruitandmedicinalspecies

Inordertoreducetheimpactsofdeforesta1onandpromotethesovereigntyandfoodsecurityoftheYawanawápeople,ineachvillage,twohectaresofagroforestryconsor1umwillbeimplemented.ThemaincomponentswillbeAçaí,Urucum,Cacao,Cupuaçu,Mulateiro,Rubber,GingerandMariri,cons1tu1ngamul1pleusearrangementbasedontradi1onalculture.Seedlingsfromcommunitynurserieswillalsosupportreforesta1onac1vi1es.

Thedesignofthearrangementandthedefini1onofmanagementstrategieswillbebasedontheDialogueofKnowledge(scien1ficandtradi1onal),usingethnopedologicalapproachestobuildthesoilclassifica1onsystemandallowingtheadop1onoflocalsolu1onsfortheopera1onoftheconsor1um.

Foreachproducttherewillbeastrategyforobtainingtheoriginlabel,andforeachconsor1umtheclimatechangebenefitswillbemeasuredbasedonthecarbonstored.Theclimatechangebenefitswillalsobemeasuredthroughsamplesofeachspeciesinvolvedintheprojectasmodelswillbedevelopedtoes1matetheirCO2sequestra1onpoten1alinthefollowingyears.

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Ac,on2.3.Providecommuni1eswithagroforestryprocessingandstoragestructuresusingrenewableenergy

Ineachcommunitywewillbuildabasicprocessingandstoragefacilityforforestproductswithaligh1ngsystemandwatersupplypoweredbyphotovoltaiccells.Eachunitwillhavebasicequipmentnecessaryforcleaning,processingandstoringtherelatedforestproducts.

Ac,on2.4.Integratethenetworkproduc1onandmarke1ngofhandcrassinthesevencommuni1esoftheterritory

Ineachcommunityacommunityhandcrassstudiowillbebuildforworkshops,crea1on,storage,andmarke1ngofart.Thishandicrasstudiowillbeintegratedwithallthehousesofthecommunity,star1ngwiththeinstalla1onofhomephotovoltaicsystemstoreplacegenerators.Thiswillallowac1vi1estobecarriedoutduringthenight,includingworkshopsandorganiza1onalmee1ngs.Thisac1onalsoaimstoreducewasteproduc1on,throughrecyclingac1vi1esandenvironmentaleduca1on.Thisincludescrasswithproductsliketaboca,arawmaterialabundantintheforestsandseedsofaçaíderivedfrompulpprocessing.

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Urukum pods containing red seeds used for ceremonial body painting and export

SpecificObjec,ve3.Toseekastrong,efficient,andeffec1veSocialOrganiza1on

Ac,on3.1.EmpoweringtheYawanawácouncilthroughcollec1vetrainingandculturalempowermentac1onswiththeleadingroleofwomen

Duringtheproject,theYawanawácouncilwillholdquarterlymee1ngs,whichwillconsistoftraining,monitoring,andculturalvaloriza1onmee1ngs.Thetrainingwillfocusoncross-cuRngissuessuchas:waterresourcemanagement,sustainability,climatechange,environmentalservices,sustainabledevelopmentobjec1ves,territorialmanagement,scienceandtechnology,socialtechnologies,eco-efficientmeasures,solidwastemanagement,conflictresolu1onandleadership,andmanagementbasedontheleadingroleofwomen.

Ac,on3.2.Expandac1onstogenerateeconomicbenefitsassociatedwithcollec1veandintegratedmarke1ngdecisions

Duringtheexecu1onoftheproject,theYawanawáSocioenvironmentalFundwillbestructuredtoguaranteethecon1nuityoftheprojectaswellasmaintainongoingcommunica1onwithallpartners.Inthisprocesstheintegra1on,dissemina1onandmeasurementoftheSustainableDevelopmentObjec1vesoftheYawanawáLifePlanwillbecarriedout.TheFundwillalsostructuremarke1ngplansforthemainYawanawáproductsandhandcrassthatinturnwillhelpraisemoneyfortheFund.

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Painting by Hushahu, the first woman shaman of the Yawanawá

7.2.GeneralscheduleofacIviIes

Specificobjec?ves Ac?ons

Period01

Period02

Period03

Period04

Period05

Period06

1.ExpandandstrengthenTerritorialProtec:onandSurveillance

1.Tostructureahighresolu?oncartographicinforma?onbaseoftheninevillagesoftheIndigenousLand

2.BuildanintegratedcommunitymonitoringsystemforIndigenousLand

2.Achieveintegratedproduc?onoftheforest,agroforestryandhandcrags

1.Buildfourmanagementplansfornon-?mberforestproducts

2.Implementandconductsevenagroforestryconsor?awithfruitandmedicinalspecie

3.Providevillageswithprocessingandstoragestructuresforagroforestryusingalterna?veenergy

4.Tointegratethenetworkofproduc?onandcommercializa?onofhandcragsinthe7villagesofindigenousland

3.Lookforastrong,efficientandeffec?veSocialOrganiza?on

1.EmpowertheYawanawacouncilthroughcollec?vetrainingandculturalempowermentac?onswiththeleadingroleofwomen

2.Extendac?onstogenerateeconomicbenefitsassociatedwithcollec?veandintegratedmarke?ngdecisions

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8.Methodology

8.1.ScenarioWithoutProjectandBaselineDefini,onAgeographicdatabasewasestablishedwiththedeforesta1oncurveobservedattheGregórioriverinordertohaveanaccurateassessmentofthetrendofdeforesta1on.Informa1onfromtheGeoprocessingCentralUnit(UCEGEO)wasused.Inordertoes1matethedeforesta1onrate,theUCEGEOdata(minimummappingunitof0.6ha)wereusedtodefinethebaseline,whichcoversanannualassessmentthroughouttheStateofAcre(since1988)andallowsmonitoringatprojectlevelwitharesolu1on101mesgreaterthanINPE(Brazil’sNa1onalSpaceResearchIns1tute)todetectdeforesta1on,whichwillguaranteegreateraccuracyandreliability.

Figure6.BaselineofthePSAprojectoftheIndigenousLandofGregórioRiver,municipalityofTarauacá,StateofAcre.

Forthebaselineprojec1on,alinewasadjustedwiththehistoricalseriesdatafortheperiodfrom2015to2030(inclusive2015).Theregressionlinewasadjustedbytheleastsquaresmethodfromthehistoricalseriesofthelogarithmoftheremainingforestarea,insquarekilometers,against1me.Fromtheresultofthisregression,theaccumulatedvaluesofremainingforestfortheperiodfrom2015to2030,whichrepresentthevisionoffuturedeforesta1onwiththeintegra1onofpastdeforesta1on,arees1matedconsideringthecurrentpoli1calandterritorialscenarioofthecountry,state,andindigenousland.

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Observeddeforesta9on(ha) Deforesta9onwithoutproject(ha)

Theamountofforestremainingineachyear,andthereforethesumofdeforestedareaintheperiod,isobtaineddirectlyfromthegeographicdatabase.TheYawanawáREDD+projectmonitoringlinewasproducedexpostandcoverstwodis1nctperiods.ThefirstoneusestheoriginaldataproducedbytheUCEGEOintheperiodfrom1996to2017andthesecondoneprojec1ngtheresultsto2030fromtheregressionoftheremainingforestareadatainhectaresagainst1me.

Forthepurposeofcalcula1ngtheemissionreduc1onsintheperiodthatthisproposalaimstogeneratecredits,whichcoverstheyears2015to2030,astraightlineoftheregressionwasadjustedwiththedataofthehistoricalseriesofUCEGEObetween2015and2030bythemethodofleastsquarestofromthelogarithmoftheremainingforestarea,insquarekilometers,against1me.

Thebaselineisnotfixed,allowingmodellingofannualvaria1ons.Thepredic1onisthatiftheprojectdoesnotoccur,itwillnotincreasedeforesta1onvariablyeachyear,andreduc1onsandincreasesmayoccurfromyeartoyear.Thisapproachismostappropriateforareaswithlowdeforesta1onratessuchastheIndigenousLandofGregórioRiver.

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The Yawanawá have planted over 7,000 açaí trees and 7,000 graviola trees

Todefinetheannualinventories,itwasconsideredthatineachavoidedhectareofdeforesta1oncorrespondsto123tC.Andthefactorof3.67wasusedtoconverttonsofcarbontotonsofCO2,obtainingatotalof1,927,911tons,accordingtothefollowingTablewhichwouldbereducedun1ltheyear2030.

8.2.DefiniIonofCarbonStocks

Year Avoideddeforesta/on(ha) Grossreduc/ons(tCO2)

2015 17.8 8,022

2016 20.5 9,241

2017 89.1 40,240

2018 155.2 70,045

2019 336.4 151,873

2020 26.5 11,959

2021 705.7 318,557

2022 284.5 128,431

2023 518.1 233,853

2024 294.3 132,839

2025 1,017.0 459,066

2026 168.8 76,188

2027 165.0 74,472

2028 161.2 72,757

2029 157.4 71,041

2030 153.6 69,326

Total 3,458.5 1,927,911

� 22

8.3.LeakAssessmentTheeventualleakswillbemeasuredfromthemonitoringofthesurrounding10kmoftheIndigenousLandofGregórioRiver.

8.4.PermanenceAllthereduc1onswillbetheresultoftheeffortsoftheYawanawáandwillnottranslateintofurtherdeforesta1onguaranteedun1ltheendoftheprojectperiod.

8.5.Addi,onalityTheprojectwillcontributewithdifferen1atedac1onsthatwillguaranteethereduc1onandthemaintenanceofthereducedratesofdeforesta1on.

8.6.MeasurementofBenefitsThesocial,economic,andenvironmentalbenefitsrelatedtotheprojectwillbemeasuredannually.

9.CreditManagementTheharvestswillbeannualwithmeasurementstar:ngin2015andconsideringamaximumopera:ngcostsof20%.80%ofthefundsraisedfortheYawanawáFundwillbedirectedtotheac:vi:esdefinedintheYawanawáLifePlan.Eachyear,oncetheresourceshavebeenraised,thedistribu:onofthebenefitswillbedonebytheYawanawáCouncilbenefi:ngallthecommuni:es.

TheStateofAcrehasastatesystemofincen:vesforenvironmentalservicesthatwillcons:tutethesphereofverifica:onofthecreditsgeneratedeachyear.ThevalueofUS$5.00isreferen:alanddependingonthedateofthecontractmayvarymoreorlessaccordingtothevoluntarymarket.

� 23Yawanawá ceremony in shade of trees

9.2CarbonandCreditValueProjec,ons

YearGross

reduc/ons(tCO2)

Credits(tCO2) Value(U$)

AverageAnnualPeriod(U$)

ResourcesYawanawáProject(U$)

2015 8,022 8,022.0 40,109.9 242,817.3 242,817.3

2016 9,241 9,241.4 46,206.8 283,358.8

2017 40,240 40,240.4 201,201.8 283,358.8

2018 70,045 70,045.3 350,226.5 283,358.8 283,358.8

2019 151,873 151,872.9 759,364.6 283,358.8

2020 11,959 11,958.9 59,794.3 283,358.8

2021 318,557 318,557.1 1,592,785.4 1,272,746.4

2022 128,431 128,431.2 642,156.1 1,272,746.4

2023 233,853 233,853.0 1,169,264.8 1,272,746.4 1,272,746.4

2024 132,839 132,839.4 664,196.9 1,272,746.4

2025 459,066 459,065.7 2,295,328.7 1,272,746.4

2026 76,188 76,187.9 380,939.5 363,784.1

2027 74,472 74,472.4 372,361.8 363,784.1

2028 72,757 72,756.8 363,784.1 363,784.1 363,784.1

2029 71,041 71,041.3 355,206.4 363,784.1

2030 69,326 69,325.7 346,628.7 363,784.1

Total 1,927,911 9,639,556.3 9,842,263.7

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9.3TechnicalNotesForthepurposesofpayments,theyear2015wasconsideredforthegenera1onofini1alcreditsandfromtheretheaverageofthe5yeargrossreduc1onswasusedtoallowabewerharmoniza1onofthedisbursements.Forthedefini1onoftheannualpayments,theaverageoftheannualcreditsoftheprojectperiodwasconsidered.

ProjectpaymentforenvironmentalservicesoftheIndigenousLandofGregórioRiver,donothavetheprojectstartdatecoincidingwiththestartdateofcreditcount.Thelawerisnecessarilywellaserthefirst,sinceitdependsontheempiricalconfirma1onoftheinflec1onofthedeforesta1ontrend.

InthecaseofthisYawanawáREDD+project,inwhichpioneeringtheREDD+frameworkrequiredthedevelopmentofamoresynthe1candobjec1vemethodology,thecreditswerees1matedforaperiodoffouryearsbeginningaserthedateofinflec1onofthedeforesta1ontrendandendingintheyear2030,thatis,betweentheyears2015and2017.TheyarethereforecalledRetroac1veCreditsorEarlyCredits,althoughsuchcreditsrefertoaperiodthatbeginsseveralyearsasertheformalstartdateoftheproject.

Theseretroac1vecreditsare"prior"onlywithrespecttothe1meframerepresentedbythe"DateofApplica1onoftheMonitoringandVerifica1onMethodology".Despitethename,theyareinnowaydifferentfromthecreditsthatcanbemonitored,verifiedandcer1fiedinfutureperiods,sincetheBaselineprojectedforthefutureshouldnotbealteredun1ltherearesubstan1vefactsthatadviseitsrevision.

Thedenomina1onof"EarlyCredits"wasthereforeonlyusedtocharacterizethecreditsthathavealreadybeenaccountedforduringtheperiodbetweenthebeginningoftheinflec1onobservedinthedeforesta1onratesandthedatesonwhichtheverifica1onworkwascarriedout.

� 25Yawanawá Future

10.SummaryTheYawanawáhaverisenfromnearethnocidetobecomeleadersintheeffortforindigenousrightsandrainforestprotec1oninthestateofAcre,thecountryofBrazil,andtheworldbeyond.

TheYawanawáareinauniqueposi1ontobeabletodevelopaREDD+modelthatcanbenefitalllocalandinterna1onalpartnersastheworldseekstoaddressclimatechange.Thisisthegreatestchallengeinhumanhistoryandthescienceisclearthattheexis1ngrainforestsoftheworldmustbepreservedaspartofthesolu1on.Indigenouspeoplesaretheprovenstewardsoftherainforest.Ourwell-beingdependsonthevitalityoftheforestandthereforeitisourdutytoensuretheintegrityoftheecosystem.Itisareciprocalrela1onshipandthatishowwethinkforthepartnershipswebuildwiththerestoftheworld.

Weinviteyoutojoinusinthiscri1calefforttodevelopamodelthatcanbescaledthroughoutBraziltoprotectrainforestwhileupholdingthehardwonrightsofindigenouspeoples.

Thewisdomofourspiritualprac1ceteachesusthateverythingisconnected.Thatweareallinthistogether.Thatwemusttakecareofeachotherandourenvironmenttolivewithtruepeace,prosperity,andhappiness.Weareheretodothatwork.Tomakesureourlandcon1nuestoabsorbcarbon,produceoxygen,cyclethewater,holdtheriver,housethelife,andprovidefoodandmedicineforourpeopleandothers.Butwealsoknowthatwecannotdothisaloneintheworldoftoday.Weallmustbeapartofthisworknow.Thankyouforyour1me,yourenergy,andyourconsidera1oninjoiningusinthiseffort.

-ChiefTashkaYawanawaonbehalfoftheYawanawápeople

� 26Hushahu Yawanawá, Shaman