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User Manual

YBT250

NetTek Field Transmitter &Interference Tester

071-0856-09

This document supports firmware version 1.4xxand above.

www.tektronix.com

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Copyright © Tektronix, Inc. All rights reserved.

Tektronix products are covered by U.S. and foreign patents, issued andpending. Information in this publication supercedes that in all previouslypublished material. Specifications and price change privileges reserved.

Tektronix, Inc., P.O. Box 500, Beaverton, OR 97077

TEKTRONIX, TEK, and NETTEK are registered trademarks of Tektronix, Inc.

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WARRANTY

Tektronix warrants that the products that it manufactures and sells will be free fromdefects in materials and workmanship for a period of one (1) year from the date of purchase from an authorized Tektronix distributor. If any such product provesdefective during this warranty period, Tektronix, at its option, either will repair thedefective product without charge for parts and labor, or will provide a replacement inexchange for the defective product. Batteries are excluded from this warranty.

In order to obtain service under this warranty, Customer must notify Tektronix of thedefect before the expiration of the warranty period and make suitable arrangementsfor the performance of service. Customer shall be responsible for packaging andshipping the defective product to the service center designated by Tektronix, shippingcharges prepaid, and with a copy of customer proof of purchase. Tektronix shall payfor the return of the product to Customer if the shipment is to a location within thecountry in which the Tektronix service center is located. Customer shall beresponsible for paying all shipping charges, duties, taxes, and any other charges forproducts returned to any other locations.

This warranty shall not apply to any defect, failure or damage caused by improper useor improper or inadequate maintenance and care. Tektronix shall not be obligated tofurnish service under this warranty a) to repair damage resulting from attempts bypersonnel other than Tektronix representatives to install, repair or service the product;b) to repair damage resulting from improper use or connection to incompatibleequipment; c) to repair any damage or malfunction caused by the use of non-Tektronix supplies; or d) to service a product that has been modified or integratedwith other products when the effect of such modification or integration increases thetime or difficulty of servicing the product.

THIS WARRANTY IS GIVEN BY TEKTRONIX WITHRESPECT TO THELISTED PRODUCTS IN LIEU OF ANY OTHERWARRANTIES, EXPRESS

OR IMPLIED. TEKTRONIX AND ITS VENDORS DISCLAIM ANY

IMPLIEDWARRANTIES OFMERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A

PARTICULAR PURPOSE. TEKTRONIX’ RESPONSIBILITY TOREPAIR

OR REPLACE DEFECTIVE PRODUCTS IS THE SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE

REMEDY PROVIDED TO THE CUSTOMER FOR BREACHOFTHIS

WARRANTY. TEKTRONIXAND ITS VENDORSWILL NOT BE LIABLE

FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL,OR CONSEQUENTIAL

DAMAGES IRRESPECTIVE OFWHETHER TEKTRONIXOR THE

VENDOR HAS ADVANCENOTICEOF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCHDAMAGES.

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YBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester User Manual i

Table of Contents

General Safety Summary ix. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Preface xiii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .About this Manual xiii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Additional Information xiv. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Conventions xiv. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Software Version xiv. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Contacting Tektronix xv. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Getting Started

Product Description 1--1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Standard Accessories 1--3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Installing a YBT250 Module 1--3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Removing a YBT250 Module 1--6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .The NetTek Analyzer Platform Battery 1--7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Installing the Battery 1--7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Removing a Battery 1--10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Charging a Battery 1--11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Optimizing Battery Life 1--12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Transporting Lithium-Ion Batteries 1--12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Connecting External Power Supplies 1--13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Setting Up the Tilt Stand 1--14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Installing the Shoulder Strap and Strand Hook 1--16. . . . . . . . . . . . .Powering On the Instrument 1--17. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

How the Software Loads 1--17. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Calibrating the Touch-Screen Display 1--18. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Setting the stylus sensitivity 1--18. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Setting the stylus centering 1--18. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Powering Off the Instrument 1--18. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Suspend Mode 1--18. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Shutdown 1--19. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Restart (Software Reset) 1--19. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Front-Panel Power Switch 1--20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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ii YBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester User Manual

Preventing Personal Injury from the Effects of Lightning 1--20. . . .Before connecting this product to any source 1--20. . . . . . . . . . .Do not connect this product to any source which

might be subject to the effects of lightning 1--21. . . . . . . . . .Be alert and aware of the effects of lightning 1--21. . . . . . . . . . .

Operating Basics

Overview 2--1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Identifying Front-Panel Controls and Indicators 2--2. . . . . . . . . . . .YBT250 Inputs 2--3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Getting Help 2--4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Navigating the Desktop 2--5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Icons 2--6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Taskbar 2--6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Starting the YBT250 Software 2--8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Setting the YBT250 Software to Load at Startup 2--9. . . . . . . .

Elements of the Display 2--10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Shared Control Area 2--11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Command Bar Area 2--12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Tuning Control Area 2--13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Instrument Area 2--14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Using the Touch Screen 2--14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Using the Knob 2--14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Using the Numeric Keypad 2--14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

YBT250 Menus 2--15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Entering Text 2--20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Powering Off the YBT250 2--21. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Suspend Mode 2--21. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Shutdown 2--22. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Restart (Software Reset) 2--22. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Connecting a Signal 2--23. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .RF Signal Input Parameters 2--23. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Connecting an RF Signal 2--24. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Connecting a Timing Reference

(cdmaOne/cdma2000 /1xEV--DO Only) 2--26. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Connecting an External Frequency Reference 2--26. . . . . . . . . . . . .Improving Frequency Accuracy 2--29. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Changing Instrument Settings 2--33. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Enabling Signal Standards 2--33. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Setting Display Preferences 2--35. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Setting Up the Channel Table 2--36. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Customizing the Channel Table 2--40. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Creating a Custom Channel Table 2--41. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Specifying the Signal Type 2--44. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .How Channel Frequencies are Calculated 2--44. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Changing Settings for Saved Files 2--45. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Where to Set File Options 2--45. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Setting the Filename Prefix 2--46. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Setting the Technician Name 2--47. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Entering Notes for Saved Results 2--47. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Setting Up a GPS Receiver 2--48. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Setting Default File Type 2--48. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Setting Default File Location for Automatically

Saving and Exporting Spectrograms and Codograms 2--49. .Saving GPS Coordinates with your Results 2--50. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Selecting a Compatible GPS Receiver 2--50. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Enabling Your GPS Receiver 2--50. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Troubleshooting Your GPS Receiver 2--51. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vxHpc Software 2--52. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Reference

Displaying a Signal Spectrum 3--1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The Spectrum Display Area 3--1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Displaying a Trace 3--5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Setting Trace Display Options 3--6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Setting the Trace Type 3--7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Changing the Vertical Scale of the Spectrum Display 3--9. . . .Changing the Vertical Position of the Trace 3--10. . . . . . . . . . . .Changing the Horizontal Position of the Trace 3--10. . . . . . . . . .Changing the Reference Level 3--11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Disabling Tap/Drag Operation 3--11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Saving Traces 3--12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Displaying a Saved Trace 3--13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Comparing Traces 3--13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defining Trace 2 3--13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Comparing Two Trace Results Files 3--15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Displaying Markers 3--17. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Specifying Units for Marker Display 3--19. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Measuring Frequency and Level Differences

on a Single Trace 3--20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Measuring Frequency and Level Differences

Between Two Traces 3--21. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Markers and Mask Testing 3--22. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Band Edge Cursor 3--22. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Displaying a Spectrogram 3--24. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Setting the Spectrogram Update Rate 3--25. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Automatically Saving and Exporting the

Spectrogram Display 3--26. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Creating a Mask 3--27. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Defining a Mask 3--32. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Performing a Mask Test 3--33. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mask Testing and Markers 3--33. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Locating Interference 3--35. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The Interference Display Area 3--35. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Displaying a Trace 3--37. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Identifying a Signal 3--38. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Locating an Interfering Signal 3--39. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Demodulating an Interfering Signal 3--41. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Measuring the Noise Floor 3--43. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Locating Intermittent Interference 3--44. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Analyzing W-CDMA Scrambling Codes 3--47. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

W-CDMA Scrambling Code Results 3--48. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sorting or Locking the Current Set of Scrambling Codes 3--48. .

Taking Measurements 3--51. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .The Measure Window Display 3--51. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Setting the Measurement Frequency 3--52. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .What Measurements are Available 3--55. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Limit Testing 3--55. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Analog Limit Test Measurements 3--56. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .cdmaOne/cdma2000 Limit Test Measurements 3--56. . . . . . . . .GSM Limit Test Measurements 3--56. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .GSM/EDGE Limit Test Measurements 3--57. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .NADC IS-136 Limit Test Measurements 3--57. . . . . . . . . . . . . .W-CDMA Limit Test Measurements 3--57. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .cdma2k 1xEV--DO Limit Test Measurements 3--58. . . . . . . . . . .Enabling Limit Testing 3--59. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Setting the Scrambling Code Detection 3--61. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Changing the Setting 3--62. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .How the Scrambling Code Setting is Indicated

in Displays 3--63. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Measuring RF Power 3--63. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Measuring GSM/EDGE RF Power 3--65. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Setting GSM/EDGE BCCH Frame Sync Modes 3--67. . . . . . . . .Channel and Frequency Setting Interactions 3--70. . . . . . . . . . . .Setting GSM/EDGE RF Channel Power Modes 3--70. . . . . . . . .

Measuring cdma2000 1xEV-DO RF Power 3--72. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1xEV-DO Transmission Envelopes

on the RF Power Screen 3--74. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Measuring GSM/EDGE Power vs Time 3--76. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Setting GSM/EDGE Power vs Time parameters 3--79. . . . . . . . .Measuring Peak to Average Power Ratio 3--80. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Measuring Carrier Frequency 3--81. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Measuring Occupied Bandwidth 3--83. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Measuring cdmaOne and cdma2000 Signal Quality 3--85. . . . . . . . .Measuring W-CDMA Signal Quality 3--86. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Measuring cdma2k 1xEV-DO Signal Quality 3--88. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Waveform Quality (Rho) 3--90. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) 3--90. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Data Constellation Type 3--90. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .PN Offset 3--91. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Pilot Time Alignment Error (Tau) 3--91. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Measuring GSM/EDGE Signal Quality 3--91. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Phase Error 3--93. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) 3--93. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Origin Offset 3--93. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Carrier to Interference Ratio (C/I) 3--93. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Measuring cdmaOne Code Power 3--93. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Measuring cdma2000 Code Power 3--95. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Code Domain Power Readouts 3--97. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Measuring W-CDMA Code Power 3--98. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Code Domain Power Readouts 3--100. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Measuring cdma2k 1xEV--DO Code Power 3--101. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Code Domain Power Readouts 3--103. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Displaying a cdmaOne Codogram 3--104. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Displaying a cdma2000 Codogram 3--106. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Displaying a W-CDMA Codogram 3--108. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Displaying a cdma2k 1xEV--DO Codogram 3--110. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Automatically Saving the cdmaOne, cdma2000,

1xEV--DO, and W-CDMA Codogram Displays 3--112. . . . . . . . .Measuring cdmaOne and cdma2000 Pilot Power 3--115. . . . . . . . . . .Measuring W-CDMA Pilot Power and Sync Powers 3--117. . . . . . . .Measuring W-CDMA ACLR 3--118. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Taking and Displaying Multiple Measurements at Once

Using the Sequencer (Button 4) 3--119. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Saving, Exporting, and Recalling Results, Traces,and Settings 3--123. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Saving Measurement Results 3--124. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .What is Saved in a Measurement Results File 3--124. . . . . . . . . .

Recalling Measurement Results 3--125. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Exporting Measurement Results 3--127. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Exporting a Screen 3--128. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Saving a Trace 3--129. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Recalling a Trace 3--130. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Exporting a Trace 3--131. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Differences Between Exported Screens and Traces 3--131. . . . . . . . .Saving Setups 3--133. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Recalling Setups 3--134. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Customizing the Setup menu 3--135. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Preventing Changes to Saved Setups 3--135. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Enabling Changes to Saved Setups 3--136. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Specifying the List of Saved Setups 3--136. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Appendices Appendix A: Specifications A--1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Appendix B: Accessories B--1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Standard Accessories B--1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Optional Accessories B--2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Appendix C: Options C--1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Appendix D: Installing Options and Upgrading Software D--1. .Before Installing Options D--1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Installing Options D--2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Upgrading/Reinstalling the YBT250 Software D--5. . . . . . . . . . . . .

Appendix E: Functional Verification Procedure E--1. . . . . . . . .Self Tests E--1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Equipment Required E--1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Prerequisite E--1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Functional Tests E--3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Equipment Required E--3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Prerequisite E--3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Section 1: Check RF attenuation E--3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Section 2: External Reference E--4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Appendix F: Supported Signal Standards F--1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Appendix G: Channel Table G--1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .About the Signal Type G--1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Glossary

Index

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YBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester User Manual ix

General Safety SummaryReview the following safety precautions to avoid injury and preventdamage to this product or any products connected to it. To avoidpotential hazards, use this product only as specified.

Only qualified personnel should perform service procedures.

While using this product, you may need to access other parts of the

system. Read the General Safety Summary in other system manualsfor warnings and cautions related to operating the system.

WARNING. Do not connect to any source which may be subject to theeffects of lightning.

To Avoid Fire or Personal Injury

Use Proper Power Cord. Use only the power cord specified for thisproduct and certified for the country of use.

Connect and Disconnect Properly. Do not connect or disconnect probesor test leads while they are connected to a voltage source.

Observe All Terminal Ratings. To avoid fire or shock hazard, observe allratings and markings on the product. Consult the product manual for

further ratings information before making connections to the product.

The common terminal is at ground potential. Do not connect thecommon terminal to elevated voltages.

Replace Batteries Properly. Replace batteries only with the proper typeand rating specified.

Recharge Batteries Properly. Recharge batteries only as specified.

Use Proper AC Adapter. Use only the AC adapter specified for thisproduct.

Do Not Operate Without Covers. Do not operate this product withcovers or panels removed.

Wear Eye Protection. Wear eye protection if exposure to high-intensityrays or laser radiation exists.

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x YBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester User Manual

Do Not Operate With Suspected Failures. If you suspect there is damageto this product, have it inspected by qualified service personnel.

Do Not Operate in an Explosive Atmosphere.

Safety Terms and Symbols

Terms in This Manual. These terms may appear in this manual:

WARNING. Warning statements identify conditions or practices that could result in injury or loss of life.

CAUTION. Caution statements identify conditions or practices that could result in damage to this product or other property.

Terms on the Product. These terms may appear on the product:

DANGER indicates an injury hazard immediately accessible as youread the marking.

WARNING indicates an injury hazard not immediately accessible asyou read the marking.

CAUTION indicates a hazard to property including the product.

Symbols on the Product. These symbols may appear on the product:

CAUTION

Refer to Manual

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YBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester User Manual xi

Battery RecyclingThis product contains a Lithium Ion battery, which must be recycledor disposed of properly. For the location of a local battery recycler inthe U.S. or Canada, please contact:

RBRC (800) BATTERYRechargeable Battery Recycling Corp. (800) 227-7379P.O. Box 141870 www.rbrc.comGainesville, Florida 32614

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YBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester User Manual xiii

Preface

The YBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester is part of theNetTek Base Transceiver Station (BTS) Field Tool family: a highperformance, portable, field-ready tester optimized for fast troubleresolution and easy BTS performance verification. It is based on thefamiliar and easy-to-use Windows CE operating system, so you will

spend less time learning the instrument and more time troubleshoot-ing the network.

The YBT250 verifies the most important RF transmit functions of cdmaOne/cdma2000/1xEV--DO, TDMA IS-136, GSM/EDGE,W-CDMA (UMTS), and Analog base stations. The YBT250 FieldTransmitter & Interference Tester has powerful analysis tools toenable you to locate and identify interfering signals quickly. With itsbuilt-in spectrum analysis display, the YBT250 enables you to easily

see signal problems. The spectrogram display makes it easier thanever to spot intermittent signal problems.

About this Manual

This manual is divided into four sections: Getting Started , Operating Basics, Reference, and Appendices.

The Getting Started section describes how to start using yourYBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester.

The Operating Basics section shows you how to operate theYBT250.

The Reference section explains how to perform specific tests with theYBT250.

The Appendices contain reference information such as specifications,

a functional verification procedure, and other information that youmight need occasionally.

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xiv YBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester User Manual

Additional InformationThe YBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester contains onlinehelp to enable you to quickly get explanations of how to use yourYBT250. The online help is the first place you should look forinformation about operating the YBT250.

The YBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester is based on theNetTek Analyzer Platform. Important information about configuringand operating the NetTek Analyzer Platform is contained in theGetting Started section of this manual. There is also extensive onlinehelp available on the NetTek Analyzer Platform.

Conventions

This manual uses the following convention. The statement Start >Help is requesting that you open the Start menu and select Help. To

do this, tap the Start button in the toolbar at the bottom of thedesktop window; then tap Help in the resulting menu.

Software Version

This manual supports YBT250 Field Transmitter & InterferenceTesters running software version 1.4xx. To verify your softwareversion, select Tools > Software Info when the YBT250 is running.

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YBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester User Manual xv

Contacting Tektronix

Phone 1-800-833-9200*

Address Tektronix, Inc.Department or name (if known)

14200 SW Karl Braun DriveP.O. Box 500Beaverton, OR 97077USA

Web site www.tektronix.com

Sales

support

1-800-833-9200, select option 1*

Servicesupport

1-800-833-9200, select option 2*

Technicalsupport

Email: [email protected]

1-800-833-9200, select option 3*

6:00 a.m. -- 5:00 p.m. Pacific time

* This phone number is toll free in North America. After officehours, please leave a voice mail message.Outside North America, contact a Tektronix sales office ordistributor; see the Tektronix web site for a list of offices.

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xvi YBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester User Manual

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Getting Started

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YBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester User Manual 1- 1

Getting Started

This section contains a description of the YBT250 Field Transmitter& Interference Tester and basic information you need to start usingyour module.

Product Description

Figure 1- 1: YBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester

The YBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester is an RF testeroptimized for field testing cellular basestations. The YBT250 is a

modular test instrument based on the NetTek Analyzer Platform. Thestandard YBT250 actually consists of two parts: the instrumentmodule and the NetTek Analyzer Platform.

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1- 2 YBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester User Manual

The instrument module contains the hardware and software that doesthe RF analysis. The YBT250 can also be purchased as just aninstrument module that can be added to a NetTek Analyzer Platformthat you already have.

You can attach up to three instrument modules onto the NetTekAnalyzer Platform to expand the instrument’s test capabilities.Instrument modules communicate with the platform through theinternal bus and to the Base Station or device under test through their

own input and output connectors.The NetTek Analyzer Platform is the “computer” that runs theinstrument module software, and is based on the Windows CEoperating system.

NetTek Analyzer Platform product features include the following:

Display with touchscreen interface

Ruggedized package

Removable battery packs

I/O ports

Software applications and utilities that support communications,power management, instrument configuration, text editing, webbrowsing, and more.

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Standard AccessoriesThe tables below provide a list of the standard accessories suppliedwith the YBT250 Module.

For a complete list of standard and optional accessories, see Appendix B, beginning on page B--1.

Table 1- 1: Standard module accessories

N Connector Plastic Cover. Used to protect the RF Inputconnector.

BNC Plastic Cover. Used to protect the External Timing andFrequency Reference Inputs.

User Manual. Contains information on setup, basic operations,and taking measurements.

CD-ROM. Contains instrument software and an Adobe AcrobatPDF version of the user manual.

Installing a YBT250 Module

If you purchased a YBT250 module for use on a NetTek AnalyzerPlatform you already have, use the following procedure to install aYBT250 module onto the NetTek Analyzer Platform or to attach aYBT250 module onto another module.

CAUTION. To prevent damage to the NetTek Analyzer Platform orYBT250 module, you must power down the NetTek Analyzer Platformbefore installing a YBT250 module.

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Use the following procedure to install a YBT250 module on aNetTek Analyzer Platform:

1. Select Start > Shutdown.

2. In the Shut Down dialog box, select Shutdown.

3. Disconnect all cables to the NetTek Analyzer Platform.

4. Place the NetTek Analyzer Platform face down on a flatuncluttered surface. The NetTek Analyzer Platform should besupported only by its four corner bumpers.

5. Remove the bus door from the rear of the NetTek AnalyzerPlatform or instrument module. See Figure 1--2.

NetTek Analyzer Platform

Bus door

Bus connector

Figure 1- 2: Removing the bus door

6. Carefully lower the YBT250 module onto the NetTek AnalyzerPlatform to engage the bus connectors. See Figure 1--3.

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Getting Started


Thumb screw (4)

YBT250 module

Bus door

Bus connector

NetTek Analyzer

Platform

Figure 1- 3: Attaching the YBT250 module

7. Press down firmly to seat the connector and ensure contact.

8. Locate the thumb screws. See Figure 1--3.

9. For each thumb screw, push down on the head and turn it 1/4 turnin a counter-clockwise direction and let it pop up to extend thelength.

10. Tighten the screws by pressing in just slightly and turning themin a clockwise direction. Use the coin slot in the top of the thumbscrew if you require additional torque. Be sure to tighten allscrews evenly, but do not overtighten.

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Getting Started


11. To recess the thumb screw heads, push and turn each screw head1/4 turn in a clockwise direction.

12. To maintain the enclosure seal integrity, reinstall the bus doorinto the rear of the YBT250 module.

Removing a YBT250 Module

Use the following procedure to remove a YBT250 module from aNetTek Analyzer Platform:

1. Select Start > Shutdown to shut down the NetTek AnalyzerPlatform.


3. Place the NetTek Analyzer Platform face down on a flatuncluttered surface. The NetTek Analyzer Platform should be

supported only by its four corner bumpers.4. To release the thumb-screw heads, push and turn each screw head

1/4 turn in a counter-clockwise direction.

5. Disengage all four screws by turning them in a counter clockwisedirection. A tool or coin may be required if the screws weretightened with a coin or other tool.

6. Pull up on the YBT250 module to remove it.

7. To maintain enclosure seal integrity, reinstall the bus door intothe rear of the NetTek Analyzer Platform.

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The NetTek Analyzer Platform BatteryThe NetTek Analyzer Platform ships from the factory with thelithium-ion battery uninstalled. To operate the YBT250 from batterypower, use the following procedures to install, remove, and chargethe battery.

Installing a Battery

Use the following procedure to install a battery.

NOTE . See Charging a Battery on page 1--11 before using the NetTek Analyzer Platform on battery power for the first time.

The NetTek Analyzer Platform comes standard with a singlelithium-ion battery. You can add a second battery to increase theoperating time. Replace a battery with the correct type only. Contact Tektronix customer support to purchase a battery.

1. Place the NetTek Analyzer Platform on a flat surface with thetouch-screen display facing towards you. See Figure 1--4.

Battery door latch Batterycompartment door

Figure 1- 4: NetTek Analyzer Platform battery compartment

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Getting Started


6. Position the battery as shown in Figure 1--6. The batteryelectrical contacts, on the bottom of the battery, must face in thedirection shown in Figure 1--6.

Battery removal strap

Battery retainer inopen position

Figure 1- 6: Installing a battery

7. Lower the battery into the battery compartment and apply firm

pressure to seat its electrical contacts.8. Close the battery retainer, then press down until you hear the

battery retainer tab click.

9. Close and latch the battery compartment door.

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Getting Started

1-10 YBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester User Manual

Removing a BatteryUse the following procedure to remove a battery for externalcharging or replacement:

1. Power off the NetTek Analyzer Platform and disconnect any testcables.

2. Place the NetTek Analyzer Platform on a flat surface with thetouch-screen display facing towards you and the battery

compartment door facing up. See Figure 1--6 for componentlocations.

3. Push the battery compartment door latch towards the rear of theNetTek Analyzer Platform and open the battery compartmentdoor.

4. Push down and back on the battery retainer tab to release thebattery retainer.

5. Lift up the battery retainer and rotate it towards the rear of theinstrument. You must hold the retainer out of the way to removea battery.

6. Locate the battery removal strap located on the top of the battery.

7. Pull up on the battery removal strap to remove the battery. SeeFigure 1--7. If the strap is not accessible, place your hand over thebattery compartment and tilt the NetTek Analyzer Platformupside down. The battery should come out of the compartment.Be careful to not to drop the battery.

8. Follow the procedure on page 1--9, steps 6 through 9,, to installa new or freshly charged battery.

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Getting Started

YBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester User Manual 1-11

Battery 1

Battery removal strap

Figure 1- 7: Removing a battery

Charging a Battery

NetTek Analyzer Platform batteries are calibrated and partially

charged at the factory. When batteries are calibrated, the NetTekAnalyzer Platform can provide an estimate of how much longer theYBT250 can operate before the instrument automatically powers off.The YBT250 always warns you before powering off, so that you cansave important test results or settings.

NOTE . To achieve optimum performance from a new battery, fullycharge the battery. Then fully discharge the battery by leaving the

YBT250 running (see Start > Help > Settings > Power Management for information on how to disable the power saver function). Finally, fully charge the battery again.

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Getting Started


To verify the battery charge status at any time:1. Select Start > Settings > Control Panel.

2. Open (double-tap) the Power Management icon. The Batteries

tab lists the status of each battery.

If the battery charge is low, recharge the battery or batteries asfollows:

1. Select Start > Shutdown to shut down the NetTek AnalyzerPlatform.


3. Connect the Desktop power supply as shown in Figure 1--8.

4. Plug the Desktop power supply into an 110-240 VAC powersource. The front-panel Batteries indicator should glow green.

5. Let the battery charge for eight hours.

Optimizing Battery Life

For tips on how to maximize battery operating time, as well as otherbattery-related topics, refer to the NetTek Analyzer Platform onlinehelp. Select Start > Help > Settings > Power Management .

Transporting Lithium-Ion Batteries

Regulations regarding transportation of lithium-ion batteries on

passenger aircraft may subject this product to special handlingrestrictions. Consult your air carrier for applicability and determina-tion of any special lithium-ion battery transportation requirements.

The NetTek Analyzer Platform lithium-ion battery pack contains lessthan 8 grams of lithium, with individual cells each containing lessthan 1.5 grams of lithium, as measured by International CivilAviation Organization (ICAO) standards.

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Getting Started


Connecting External Power SuppliesTo recharge NetTek Analyzer Platform batteries, or power theNetTek Analyzer Platform from AC mains or DC vehicle voltage,connect the Desktop Power Supply or the In-Vehicle Adapter to theNetTek Analyzer Platform as shown in Figure 1--8. The DesktopPower Supply operates from 110 to 240 VAC mains.

Power adapter connector

(under bottom of strap)

Figure 1- 8: External power supplies

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Getting Started


Setting Up the Tilt StandFor floor or desktop use, attach the tilt stand to the NetTek AnalyzerPlatform and fold into place. See Figure 1--9.

Attach tilt stand with

thumb screws (3)

Bottom thumb screwlocated under Velcro flap

Tilt stand

Stylus holders

Figure 1- 9: NetTek Analyzer Platform tilt stand

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Getting Started


To install the tilt stand when two or more instrument modules areattached, use the provided storage pack spacers as shown inFigure 1--10.

Additionalinstrument module

Spacer(s)

Tilt stand

Velcro fastener

Instrumentmodule

Figure 1- 10: Installing the tilt stand on multiple instrument modules

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Getting Started


Installing the Shoulder Strap and Strand HookUse the shoulder strap to carry the YBT250 to the job site. Install thestrap on the YBT250 as shown in Figure 1--11. You can also installthe strap on the softcase.

Use the Strand hook to hang the YBT250 from a wire strand, ladder,or other support. Install the strand hook as shown in Figure 1--11.

CAUTION. The YBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester canweigh in excess of 12 kg (25 lbs), depending on the number of batteries and instrument modules installed. Use caution whenhanging the YBT250 from any support.

Figure 1- 11: YBT250 shoulder strap and strand hook

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Getting Started


Powering On the InstrumentTo power on the YBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester,press the large blue oval front-panel switch in the lower-left corner.The green status indicator to the right of the switch will light and thesystem begins its power-on process. The touch-screen display andhuman interface are described in the Operating Basics section.

How the Software Loads

When you press the power switch on the front panel, the NetTekAnalyzer Platform powers on and runs its startup diagnostics (if enabled). Once the NetTek Analyzer Platform has completed itspower-on sequence, the YBT250 software begins to load.

If there is enough flash memory available, the software loads intoflash memory. If there is not enough flash memory available, thenthe YBT250 software loads into volatile memory (this happens onlywith user-installed modules; if your YBT250 was purchased already

installed on a NetTek Analyzer Platform the software was loadedinto flash memory at the factory).

If the software is loaded into flash memory, the time required for theYBT250 to startup each time the instrument is powered on is muchshorter. If the software is not loaded in flash memory, the softwaremust be loaded into the NetTek Analyzer Platform each time theinstrument is powered on, resulting in a longer start up time. Notethat the software load process is automatic, there are no user

decisions required or settings available that affect the software loadprocess.

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Calibrating the Touch-Screen DisplayFor the touch-screen display to respond correctly to your taps, youmust set the stylus centering and double-tap speed.

Setting the stylus sensitivity

1. Select Start > Settings > Control Panel.

2. Open (double-tap) the Stylus icon.

3. In the Double-Tap tab, double-tap the checkerboard grid at acomfortable speed with your stylus or finger. This sets the taprate.

4. Double-tap the clapboard to verify your settings.

Setting the stylus centering

1. Select Start > Settings > Control Panel.

2. Open the Stylus icon.3. In the Calibration tab, select Recalibrate.

4. Follow the on-screen instructions to set the location and amountof pressure needed for the touch-screen to respond to your taps.Apply pressure to the touch-screen for approximately 5 secondsat each position, until the target moves.

5. Select OK to close the dialog box and save your settings.

Powering Off the Instrument

The YBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester has separate,but related, standby and power off functions.

Suspend Mode

The Suspend mode places the YBT250 in a suspended (standby orsleep) state. This is the typical power down mode that allows theYBT250 software to remain in volatile memory. If the YBT250remains in Suspend mode for an extended time (approximately twohours), it automatically enters Shutdown mode.

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To suspend analyzer operation, choose one of the following methods: Press the front-panel power switch.

Select Start > Shutdown. In the Shut Down dialog box, selectSuspend.

To cancel Suspend mode and wake up the YBT250, press thefront-panel power switch. The YBT250 will return to the state thatexisted before suspend mode was invoked.

Shutdown

To completely power down the YBT250, do the following:



A shutdown clears volatile memory, including the YBT250 softwareif it is loaded in volatile memory, user setups, and measurement data

not saved to nonvolatile memory. For information on how to savethese items to nonvolatile memory, refer to the online help. SelectStart > Help. In the Help window select Tektronix Basics; thenselect Store Data in Nonvolatile Memory.

If the YBT250 software was loaded in volatile memory, the nexttime you press the front-panel power switch, the YBT250 will cyclethrough the complete power-on process taking about 2 to 3 1 / 2minutes to completely power on. If the YBT250 software is loaded

in non-volatile memory, it will take less time to power on.

Restart (Software Reset)

If the YBT250 stops responding, try performing a restart to clear theproblem.

To restart the YBT250, do the following:


2. In the Shut Down dialog box, select Restart.

The display blanks for approximately five seconds. The YBT250software will reload and start. Restarting does not empty volatilememory.

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Getting Started


If this procedure doesn’t work, use a pen or paperclip to press therecessed front-panel RESET button. Resetting will empty volatilememory.

Front-Panel Power Switch

Depending on the current state of the YBT250, pressing thefront-panel power switch performs one of the following functions:

If the YBT250 is shutdown: powers on the instrument.

If the YBT250 is operating: initiates Suspend mode.

If the YBT250 is in Suspend mode: cancels Suspend mode andactivates the YBT250.

If the analyzer is in PowerSaver mode (touch-screen display off):activates the display.

Preventing Personal Injury from the Effects of Lightning

WARNING. To prevent personal injury from the effects of lightning,exercise the following precautions when using this product.

Before connecting this product to any source

Check your local weather forecast for the possibility of thunderstorms or lightning.

If weather conditions could allow thunderstorms or lightning todevelop, be sure to visually check the sky and weather conditionsin your area frequently.

If you can hear thunder or if you see lightning, do not connectthis product to any source which may be exposed to the effects of

lightning. Use your own good judgement and common sense. You must

protect yourself from the effects of lightning.

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Getting Started


You must assume that hazardous voltages will be present onexposed surfaces of this product if it is connected to a sourceexposed to lightning. The insulation of this product will notprotect you from these hazardous voltages.

Do not connect this product to any source which might be subject tothe effects of lightning

If thunderstorms or lightning are in your vicinity:

When weather conditions that could lead to lightning activityexist in your area, you could be at risk of a lightning strike

before the cloud is close enough for you to hear thunder or seelightning.

When lightning strikes a structure or facility, current travelsthrough the rebar, concrete, pipes, cables, vent stacks, andelectrical system.

Lightning can induce electric and magnetic fields into structuresand portions of wiring. The length of a conductor affected by themagnetic field of a lightning strike may exceed two miles.

Be alert and aware of the effects of lightning

When lightning strikes a conductor, which in turn introduces thecurrent into an area some distance from the ground strike point,equipment can be damaged and personnel injured if theybecome an indirect path in the completion of the ground circuit.

Conductors such as the braided shields of cables or unshieldedwires will have significant transient currents flowing in them inregions exposed to the electric field effect of lightning.

Induced voltages may cause breakdown of insulation in wiring atconnectors and in electrical components or breakdown of air.

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Getting Started


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Operating Basics

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Operating Basics

This section explains the essential things you need to know tooperate the YBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester.

Overview

The YBT250 is a member of the Tektronix NetTek Series of modularinstruments that are based on the NetTek Analyzer Platform. A NetTek Series instrument consists of a hardware module, applicationsoftware, and the NetTek Analyzer Platform. A NetTek Seriesinstrument, such as the YBT250 Field Transmitter & InterferenceTester, can be purchased with or without a NetTek AnalyzerPlatform. Because a NetTek Analyzer Platform can support fourinstrument modules, it is a highly flexible instrument that can bereconfigured to meet your changing needs.

The NetTek Analyzer Platform is a specialized Windows CE-basedcomputer. The NetTek Analyzer Platform provides the power sourceand display for NetTek Series instruments. Each NetTek Seriesinstrument provides the circuitry and the software necessary forsignal measurement and analysis.

The NetTek Analyzer Platform comes with a touchscreen and stylus.

Use the stylus as you would a mouse on your desktop computer. Youcan select an object by tapping it, move it by dragging it or activate(“open”) it by double-tapping it with your finger or a stylus.

CAUTION. Only use soft objects, such as plastic or your finger, to tapthe touch-screen display. Do not use metal or other abrasivematerials, as they will damage the display surface.

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Operating Basics


Identifying Front-Panel Controls and IndicatorsThe front-panel controls power the YBT250 Field Transmitter &Interference Tester on and off, reset the instrument, and indicatestatus. See Figure 2--1.

1 2 3 4

Figure 2- 1: Front-panel controls and indicators

1. Power/Suspend Switch. Push on; push off. See pages 1--17 and 2--21 foradditional information.

2. Reset Switch. Push to perform a hardware reset if a lock-up occurs.

Programs and data loaded into volatile memory since startup will be lost.3. Status Indicator. Green indicates power on. Amber indicates display off.

4. Batteries Indicator. Green indicates the instrument is connected to anexternal power source and charging an installed battery. Red indicates lowbattery.

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Operating Basics


YBT250 InputsFigure 2--2 identifies the YBT250 Field Transmitter & InterferenceTester inputs. For identification of the NetTek Analyzer Platforminputs, outputs and storage devices, please refer to the appropriateuser documentation.

1 2 3

Figure 2- 2: YBT250 inputs, outputs, and storage devices.

1. Timing Input. Connect to an external timing reference (such as an evensecond clock).

2. Frequency Reference Input. Connect to external frequency reference(for example, 10 MHz Reference).

3. RF Input. Connect to signal source.

CAUTION. To prevent damage to the YBT250, continuous input signals should not exceed 1 Watt. If a signal between 1 Watt and 50 Watts is connected to the RF INPUT, the input protection circuitrydisplays a warning and halts operation until the input overload iscorrected. Input signals over 50 Watts will damage the input circuitry.

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Operating Basics


The input signal-level requirements for measurement accuracydepend on the selected measurement and the installed options. Referto the specifications in Appendix A for the appropriate input signallevels for specific combinations of measurements and installedoptions.

Getting Help

To open the Help window and obtain general information onYBT250 topics, select Start > Help and select YBT250.

There are three ways to display Help when you are running theYBT250 software:

First, you can tap the icon in the upper-right corner of the

YBT250 display. This displays the top level of the YBT250 help.

Second, you can tap underlined text on the screen. This displays

the Help topic for the item selected.

Third, you can display Help from some dialog boxes by tappingthe Help button in the bottom-right corner of the dialog box.

The Help Window

Table 2--1 explains how to use the Help window buttons.

Table 2-1: Help window buttons

Tap this button To

All Topics Display the main table of contents.

Back Return to the previous help screen.

Contents Display the current program or local table of contents.

Display full-screen help text.

Display the help text in its own window. Drag the Helpwindow title bar to move the window.

Minimize the Help window. To restore the window, tapthe Help button in the taskbar.

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Table 2-1: Help window buttons (Cont.)

Tap this button To

Close the Help window and quit help.

Display information farther up the window.

Display information farther down the window.

Navigating the Desktop

The NetTek Analyzer Platform desktop is your primary workspace.Use the desktop to configure hardware and software, adjust settings,establish communications, and access built-in applications.

Taskbar

Desktop

Icon

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IconsDouble-tap desktop icons to open folders or to start programs.

Taskbar

The Taskbar contains the Start menu, buttons to identify theprograms you are running, a status area, and a desktop icon.

Desktop button

Program button Status area

Start menu

Start Menu. Use the Start menu to load and run other instrumentmodules and other programs, access settings, open documents, and

obtain help. Select (tap) Start to open the menu; then select the entryyou want.

Tap Start to display the menu

Program Buttons. To hide a program that is running, tap its taskbarbutton. To restore the program, tap the button again.

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Status Area. Icons and buttons appearing in this area indicate status,activate features, or open settings windows. Double-tap the icons forfurther information.

Table 2--2 explains the function of some common status icons. For acomplete list and explanation of all status area icons, refer to theNetTek Analyzer Platform online help. Select Start > Help. In theHelp window select Windows CE Basics; then select Understand-ing Taskbar Icons.

Table 2-2: Status area icons

Tap thisicon To Details

Double-tap to open the PowerManagement utility.

The analyzer is operatingon external AC power.

Double-tap to open the Power

Management utility.

The analyzer is charging

batteries.Double-tap to open the PowerManagement utility.

The analyzer is operatingon battery power. Alsoindicates charge level.

Double-tap to open the Backlightutility.

Adjust the backlight bright-ness.

Single-tap to open the InputPanel soft keyboard.

Single-tap to close thekeyboard.

Double-tap to open the Date/Timeutility.

Set the date and time.

Single-tap to minimize all win-dows and display the desktop.

Tap again to restore allwindows.

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Starting the YBT250 SoftwareIf you purchased your YBT250 installed on NetTek AnalyzerPlatform, it comes from the factory set to automatically start theYBT250 software when you power on the NetTek AnalyzerPlatform.

If you added your YBT250 module to a NetTek Analyzer Platformyou already own, see page 2--9 for instructions on how to start theYBT250 software or set the software to load at startup.

To start the YBT250 software:

Double-tap the YBT250 icon on the desktop or selectStart > Programs > NetTek > YBT250

When the YBT250 software starts the first time, it displays theSpectrum display. See Figure 2--3.

Figure 2- 3: The Spectrum display

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Setting the YBT250 Software to Load at StartupIf you purchased your YBT250 as a module to use on an existingNetTek Analyzer Platform, you can set the YBT250 to load atstartup.

To set the YBT250 as the startup application:

1. Select Start > Programs > Tektronix Utilities > System

Configuration.

2. On the Software tab, select the StartUp checkbox for theYBT250. See Figure 2--4.

3. Close the System Configuration window.

The next time the NetTek Analyzer Platform is powered on, theYBT250 software starts up automatically.

Figure 2- 4: Setting the StartUp Application

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Elements of the DisplayFigure 2--5 shows an example YBT250 Field Transmitter &Interference Tester display.

Instrument area Sharedcontrol area

Tuning controls Command bar area

Figure 2- 5: YBT250 display elements

The YBT250 display is made up of four areas:

Command Bar Area: This area contains the menu bar and some

instrument control buttons. This area is always visible.

Tuning Controls Area: This area contains the controls used tospecify the signal standard and measurement frequency. This areais always visible.

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Shared Control Area: This is where the instrument functionbuttons appear and the input box appears. This area is alwaysvisible.

Instrument Area: This is where the waveforms are displayed andmeasurement results appear. The appearance of this area changesdepending on the instrument function.

Shared Control Area

Table 2--3 describes the Shared Control Area elements.

Table 2- 3: Shared control area buttons and icons

Button Function

Displays Measure window. (only if RFMeasurement or Demodulation Option isinstalled)

Displays Spectrum window.

Displays Interference window (only ifInterference Option (IN1) or W--CDMAScrambling Code Analyzer Option (WS1)are installed).

Displays measurement results in the

Sequencer window. This window sequencesthrough the measurements selected in theSelected Measurements dialog box.

The Knob is used to change the value of theassigned control.

This area shows the control assigned to theknob and the value of that control.

The Keypad button enables you to enternumbers using an on-screen numerickeypad.

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Table 2- 3: Shared control area buttons and icons (Cont.)

Button Function

These icons show whether the internalfrequency reference is in use or an externalreference is being used.

These icons indicate an external attenuatoror amplifier is in use. If neither is specified,

the icon does not appear.

Command Bar Area

Table 2--4 describes the elements of the Command Bar Area of thedisplay.

Table 2-4: Command bar area buttons and icons

Button/Icon Function

These are the application menus.

Pressing this button enables you to savemeasurement results to a file.

Pressing this button displays the Setupwindow, which enables you to edit the

YBT250 setup.

Pressing this button pauses measurements(freezes measurements).

Pressing this button restarts measurements.

The Running indicator shows that theYBT250 is running.

The Folder icon is shown when displayingrecalled data.

The Stopped icon is shown when themeasurements are paused.

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Table 2-4: Command bar area buttons and icons (Cont.)

Button/Icon Function

The Timestamp Readout appears whenmeasurements are not running.

Selecting this button displays the YBT250Online Help.

Tuning Control Area

Table 2--5 describes the elements of the Tuning Control Area of thedisplay.

Table 2- 5: Tuning control area buttons and icons

Button Function

This drop-down list selects the signalstandard and channel table.

This button changes the Freq (MHz) settingto the forward link (downlink) frequency forthe selected channel, or, in the case ofW-CDMA, selects the correspondingforward channel.

This button changes the Freq (MHz) settingto the reverse link (uplink) frequency for theselected channel, or, in the case of W-CDMA, selects the corresponding reversechannel.

This button is used to set the Channelnumber. The frequency will be set to theappropriate value for the selected channel.Tap the button to use the numeric keypad;

tap the box to use the knob.

This button is used to set the MeasurementFrequency. Tap the button to use thenumeric keypad; tap the box to use theknob.

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Instrument AreaIcons and buttons in the Instrument Area of the display changedepending on the selected function:

For descriptions of Spectrum display buttons and icons, seepage 3--2.

For descriptions of Interference display buttons and icons, seepage 3--36.

For descriptions of Measure display buttons and icons, seepage 3--52.

Using the Touch Screen

To select items on the display, just touch them. For example, todisplay a signal spectrum, simply touch the Spectrum button at themiddle right of the display (labeled with a 2).

Using the Knob

To assign the knob to a control, tap the control to be changed.Change the value by:

tapping the left/right arrows on the bottom half of the controlknob make small changes

tapping to the left or right of the small circle (on the top half) to

make larger changes

placing a finger inside the “circle” and dragging it until thecontrol is set to the desired value

Using the Numeric Keypad

To change a value using the numeric keypad:

1. Tap the control whose value is to be changed (to assign the value

to the numeric keypad).2. Tap the numeric keypad button above the control knob.

3. Type the new value, including units when present.

4. Tap OK , when present, to accept the new value.

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YBT250 MenusThe YBT250 menu bar has four menus. These menus are File, View,Setup, and Tools. Some menu commands have keyboard shortcutsfor use when an optional keyboard is attached to the NetTekAnalyzer Platform, but not all menu commends have keyboardshortcuts.

There are three menu commands in the File menu that changedepending on the displayed window. The commands are SaveTrace/Results, Save Trace/Results As, and Export Trace/Results.Save Trace, Save Trace As and Export Trace commands appearwhen the Spectrum and Interference windows are displayed (that is,when a signal spectrum is displayed). Save Results, Save Results Asand Export Results commands appear when the Measure window isdisplayed (that is, when measurements are displayed). SeeTables 2--6 and 2--7.

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Table 2- 7: The File menu (Spectrum/Interference windows)

Menu item Control key Description

Open Ctrl + O Displays Open Results dialog

Save Trace Ctrl + S Saves a Trace to a file. The file isautomatically named and stored in \BuiltInDisk\YBT250\AppData\Re-sults.

Save Trace As -- -- -- Store Trace in a file; displays Savedialog to enable you to name thefile and specify where it is saved.

Compare Saved ------ Display two saved results for visualcomparison.

Export Trace As ------ Store Trace in a file format that canbe used by word processing orspreadsheet applications.

Export Screen As ------ Store an image of the display thatcan be used by word processing orimage editing applications.

Print Ctrl + P Prints the displayed window’s data.

Results Properties ------ Displays a dialog that showsinformation saved with a results file.

Exit ------ Quits the YBT250 program.

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Table 2- 10: The Tools menu (Cont.)

Menu item DescriptionControl key

Technical Support ------ Displays technical support contactinformation.

Software Info -- -- -- Displays the SW Propertieswindow which lists, among otherthings, the installed options,

Options key, and software version.Hardware Info -- -- -- Displays the HW Properties

window which lists, among otherthings, serial number, hardwareversions, and Global ID.

Entering Text

Use the Input Panel soft keyboard, see Figure 2--6, to type charactersinto text boxes or address fields without using an external keyboard.

Figure 2- 6: The Soft Keyboard

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To open the soft keyboard:1. Tap the icon in the toolbar status area.

2. Tap the Input Panel keys to enter text.

3. Tap (RETURN) to wrap text or execute a command.

4. Tap the icon again to close the keyboard.

To set soft keyboard properties, select Start > Settings > Control

Panel. Open the Input Panel icon, and then select Options.

Special Characters

The soft keyboard includes characters not visible on the startupkeyboard.

CAP Key. Tap the CAP key to create all capital letters and commoncharacters.

Shift Key. Tap the Shift key to create one capital letter or othercommon character.

Key. Tap this key to create special characters.

Powering Off the YBT250

The YBT250 has separate, interrelated standby and power off functions similar to a laptop PC.

Suspend Mode

To suspend YBT250 operation, choose one of the followingmethods:

Press the front-panel power switch.

Select Start > Shutdown. In the Shut Down dialog box, selectSuspend.

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Suspend mode places the YBT250 in a suspended (standby or sleep)state. This is the typical power off mode that allows the YBT250software to remain in volatile memory. If the YBT250 remains inSuspend mode for an extended time (approximately two hours), itwill automatically enter Shutdown mode and the contents of volatilememory will be lost.

To activate the YBT250 following Suspend, press the front-panelpower switch. The YBT250 will return to the software and setup

state that existed before the user invoked suspend.Shutdown

To completely power down the YBT250:



A shutdown clears volatile memory, including the YBT250 software

(if it is not loaded into flash memory) and measurement data notsaved to nonvolatile memory. For information on how to save theseitems to nonvolatile memory, refer to the NetTek Analyzer Platformonline help. Select Start > Help. In the Help window selectTektronix Basics; then select Store Data in Nonvolatile Memory.

The next time you press the front-panel power switch following ashutdown, the YBT250 does the complete power up process takingabout 2 to 3 minutes for the YBT250 to become functional.

Restart (Software Reset)

To restart the YBT250, do the following:


2. In the Shut Down dialog box, select Restart.

The display blanks for approximately five seconds, then the YBT250software reloads. A Restart does not empty volatile memory.

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Connecting a Signal

This section explains how to connect an RF signal, a timingreference and a frequency reference to the YBT250 Field Transmit-ter & Interference Tester.

RF Signal Input ParametersThe YBT250 has a single, RF signal input. The input impedance is50 Ω. The input frequency range is 30 MHz to 2500 MHz. Themaximum continuous input power is 1 W. Figure 2--7 shows thelocation of the RF Input connector.

Figure 2-7: Input connectors

Depending on whether you want to display a spectrum or takemeasurements, you may need to attach an attenuator or an externalamplifier to the RF signal before connecting it to the YBT250. Seepage 2--24 for instructions on using an attenuator or an externalamplifier with the YBT250.

The input signal-level requirements for measurement accuracydepend on the selected measurement and the installed options. Referto the specifications in Appendix A for the appropriate input signal

levels for specific combinations of measurements and installedoptions.

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Connecting an RF SignalConnect a signal from a base station transmitter test port to theYBT250 RF INPUT connector.

If there is no test port, do the following:

1. Disconnect the transmitter cable from the antenna.

2. If the transmitter output signal level is too high (refer to the

specifications in Appendix A), connect the transmitter outputsignal to an attenuator, and then connect the output of theattenuator to the RF Input connector.

CAUTION. To prevent damage to the YBT250, continuous input signals should not exceed 1 Watt. If a signal between 1 Watt and 50 Watts is connected to the input, the input protection circuitrydisplays a warning and halts operation until the input overload is

corrected. Input signals over 50 Watts will damage the input circuitry.

3. If the transmitter output signal level is too low (see thespecifications in Appendix A), connect the transmitter outputsignal to an external amplifier, and then connect the output of theamplifier to the RF Input connector.

4. Set or verify that the YBT250 input settings are properly set. TheYBT250 adjusts its measurement readouts and graphic displaysto account for the use of an external attenuator or amplifier.

a. Tap the Edit button ( ). This displays the Setup

window.

b. Tap the Inputs tab. See Figure 2--8.

c. If no external attenuation or amplification is used, verify

that the No external attenuation or amplification settingis selected.

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d. If an external attenuator is used, select Externalattenuator connected. Tap the numeric keypad and enterthe attenuator loss value. For example, if you are using a20 dB attenuator, tap 20 on the numeric keypad, and thentap OK .

e. If an external amplifier is used, select External amplifier

connected. Tap the numeric keypad and enter the value of the amplifier gain. For example, if the amplifier has a

20 dB gain, tap 20 on the numeric keypad, and then tapOK .

f. Once you have finished verifying the settings, tap OK atthe bottom of the window.

Figure 2- 8: Changing input settings

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Connecting a Signal


Connecting a Timing Reference(cdmaOne/cdma2000 /1xEV-DO Only)

To properly measure PN Offset and Tau/Pilot Time Alignment Error(requires Option CD1, CD2, or CDE), you must connect an externalEven Second Clock to the YBT250. Figure 2--7 on page 2--23 showsthe location of the timing reference input connector.

To connect an Even Second Clock to the YBT250, connect the Even

Second Clock signal to the TIMING INPUT connector. The signalwill be automatically detected by the YBT250.

Connecting an External Frequency Reference

To minimize the frequency variation between the YBT250 and theBTS, you can connect an external frequency reference to theYBT250. Table 2--11 shows the acceptable frequencies for an

external frequency reference. The external reference must have anaccuracy better than±1 ppm. The acceptable signal level is--15 dBm to + 15 dBm. Figure 2--7 shows the location of thefrequency reference input connector. The input impedance is 50 Ω.

Table 2- 11: Accepted external frequency reference signals

External reference

frequency Transmitter/Frequency reference1 to 15 MHz, in 1 MHz steps

4.8 MHz For Nortel BTS equipment.

10 MHz Standard frequency for WWV and otherhigh-accuracy references.

13 MHz For GSM systems.

15 MHz For Lucent W-CDMA.

1 MHz, 2 MHz, 5 MHz Along with 10 MHz, these are standard forRubidium and other high-accuracy References.

19.6608 MHz For Motorola, Qualcomm, and newer Nortel.Used for CDMA only.

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Figure 2- 9: Inputs tab

When the YBT250 recognizes the frequency reference, theExternal Frequency Reference Input box displays an icon withthe letters EXT and displays the text:

Frequency locked to external reference signal: XXXX.XXX MHz

where XXX.XXX is the frequency of the reference.

If the YBT250 does not recognize the frequency reference, theExternal Frequency Reference Input box displays an icon withthe letters INT and displays the text:

No valid external reference signal found. Using internal frequencyreference.

Check the connections and verify that the frequency reference iswithin the correct frequency range and level.

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Figure 2- 10: The Frequency Correction dialog

3. To calculate new frequency correction values, tap Run New

Correction. This displays the dialog shown in Figure 2--11.

Figure 2- 11: Ready to calculate new correction values

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If the reference frequency is detected, the frequency will appearin the dialog box. If the reference frequency is not detected, “----”will be displayed instead of a frequency. If the referencefrequency is not displayed within 15 seconds, check theconnection to the external frequency reference.

4. If the reference frequency is detected, tap Finish > to calculatenew frequency correction values.

If the calculation of new frequency correction values is

successful, the dialog shown in Figure 2--12 appears.

Figure 2- 12: New frequency correction values calculated successfully

5. Tap Close. This displays the initial frequency correction dialogshown in Figure 2--13.

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Figure 2- 13: The Frequency Correction dialog

6. To use the new frequency correction values, select Use

Corrected Values, then tap OK .

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Changing Instrument Settings

Before you can fully utilize the YBT250 you need to set someinstrument settings. For example, the YBT250 displays measure-ments only for enabled signal standards. If the signal standard usedin your system is not enabled, you will not be able to take measure-ments for your system until you enable the Signal Standard.

Enabling Signal Standards

The currently selected signal standard controls the channels availablefor measurements and which measurements are available. Beforeyou begin using the YBT250, you must ensure that the standard foryour system has been enabled. Signal standards are enabled from theOptions window.

To enable a signal standard:

1. Select Tools > Options to display the Options window, shown inFigure 2--14.

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4. To select a color scheme, tap the name of the desired colorscheme.

a. To change the Windows CE display properties, tap Take

Me There. This displays the Windows CE DisplayProperties window, where you can set the displaybackground and window color scheme.

5. Tap OK to save the change.

6. To view the changed color scheme, quit the YBT250 programand restart it.

Setting Up the Channel Table

Before taking measurements, you must set the measurementfrequency. You set the measurement frequency either by entering theappropriate frequency or by selecting a channel. It is quicker to

select a channel than to enter a frequency. Selecting a channel to setthe measurement frequency can save you valuable time andminimizes entry errors.

A quick way to set a channel number is to use the knob. By tappingthe left and right arrows on the knob, you can quickly change theselected channel and thus, the measurement frequency. The channelsthat are selectable using the knob are set by the Quick Select List.The channels listed in the Quick Select List are specified by the

Channel Table.

You set up the Channel Table by enabling channels individually orby using the Channel Wizard. If you want to enable a large numberof channels, use the Channel Wizard to save time.

To set up the Channel Table by enabling channels individually:

1. Select the Edit button or choose Setup> Edit.

2. Select the Channel Table tab.This displays the window shown in Figure 2--16.

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Figure 2- 16: The Channel Table

Channels are enabled according to the signal standard. Thus,before you enable channels, you must specify the signal standard.

3. Select the desired signal standard from the Signal Standard list.

4. To enable a channel:

a. Tap the box in the Mark column next to the desiredchannel. Enabled channels are marked with an X.

b. You can mark all channels by tapping the Mark All

Channels button.

Enabled channels are added to the Quick Select List. TheQuick Select List determines which channels can be selectedby the knob. For example, suppose only channels 1, 2, 5, and6 are enabled. If channel 1 is the current channel and you tapthe right arrow (on the bottom half) on the knob, the nextchannel selected will be channel 2. If you tap the knob again,the next channel selected will be 5. Tap the right arrow oncemore and channel 6 will be selected. If you tap the right

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arrow once more, the channel selected will not change,because there are no channels enabled after 6.

5. To disable a selected channel:

a. Tap the box in the Mark column next to the enabledchannel so that the box is empty.

b. You can disable or “unmark” all channels by tapping theClear All Channels button.

6. When you have marked all the channels you wish to enable, tapOK to save your changes.

To set up the Channel Table using the Channel Wizard:

1. Select the Edit button or choose Setup> Edit.

2. Select the Channel Table tab.

Channels are enabled by signal standard. Thus, before you enable

channels, you must specify the signal standard.

3. Select the desired signal standard from the Signal Standard list.

4. To enable channels using the Channel Wizard:

a. Tap the Channel Wizard... button. This displays thewindow shown in Figure 2--17.

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Figure 2- 17: The Channel Wizard

The Channel Wizard needs three numbers to determine whichchannels should be enabled. The first number needed is the firstchannel that should be enabled. The second number needed is thelast channel to be enabled. The third number is the intervalbetween enabled channels.

5. To set the first channel number:

a. Tap the numeric keypad button next to the First Channelbox.

b. Tap the appropriate numbers to set the first channelnumber.

c. Tap OK when finished.

6. To set the last channel number:

a. Tap the numeric keypad button next to the Last Channel

box.

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b. Tap the appropriate numbers to set the last channelnumber.

c. Tap OK when finished.

7. To set the interval between enabled channels:

a. Tap the numeric keypad button next to the Interval box.Next, tap the appropriate number for the interval.

For example, to enable every channel, set the interval to 1.To enable every other channel, set the interval to 2. Toenable every third channel, set the interval to 3.

b. To add the specified channels to the existing channeltable, select Add these channels to the current table.

c. To replace the current channel table with the specifiedselections, select Replace the current table with these

channels.

d. Tap OK when finished.

8. Tap OK to close the Setup window.

Customizing the Channel Table

The Channel Table is a file used by the YBT250 to specify thecharacteristics of the channels assigned to a signal standard. You cancustomize the Channel Table to suit the specific needs of yoursystem. For example, if you have set the bandwidth of your channelsto be wider than the standard bandwidth, you can specify the widerbandwidth in a customized Channel Table. Because the channelbandwidth is used in some measurements, if your system’s channelbandwidth is non-standard and the YBT250 is using the standardChannel Table, a measurement based on the standard channelbandwidth will not be accurate for your system.

The YBT250 looks for a file named userstandards.txt in the \BuiltInDisk folder when it starts up. If it does not find the file, theYBT250 then looks for the standard channel table file, signalstan-dards.txt, in the NetTekApps\YBT250 folder. If that file is not found,a dialog box will be displayed informing you that no standards file

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Table 2- 12: Channel table file contents

Column heading Description

Standard Name The text string used to identify the standard. This name iswhat appears in the Signal Standard list.

Each line in the channel table should describe a singlegroup of channels for a standard. If a standard is made upof multiple groups or blocks of channels then you should

make an entry for each group. When multiple groups arerequired, they should be ordered in channel numbersequence and contiguous. To tie the groups together, theUnique Standard ID must be the same for each group.

Forward Base Frequency Forward base frequency for each signal standard. Theactual frequency for each channel is calculated.

For signal standards that specify a single frequency for eachchannel (for example, the UTRA/FDD scheme used by

W-CDMA (UMTS)), each row in the file will describe agroup of forward or a group of reverse channels. The rowthat describes forward channels should specify zero for thereverse base frequency. The row that describes reversechannels should specify zero for the forward basefrequency.

Reverse Base Frequency Reverse base frequency for each signal standard. Theactual frequency for each channel is calculated.

For signal standards that specify a single frequency for eachchannel (for example, the UTRA/FDD scheme used byW-CDMA (UMTS)), each row in the file will describe agroup of forward or a group of reverse channels. The rowthat describes forward channels should specify zero for thereverse base frequency. The row that describes reversechannels should specify zero for the forward basefrequency.

Signal Bandwidth The signal bandwidth. If the signal to be measured is 100kHz wide but the channels are spaced 200 kHz apart thenthis field should contain 100000.

Starting Channel Number The starting channel number for a block of channels.

Ending Channel Number The ending channel number for a block of channels.

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Table 2- 12: Channel table file contents (Cont.)

Column heading Description

Channel Increment Amount If the channels increment by 1, then a 1 goes in here. If by2, then a 2 goes in here. If by 5...

Channel Spacing Sets the spacing between channels. For instance, if youhave a standard that has signals that are 100 kHz wide butthe channels in you system are spaced 200 kHz apart, then

this field should contain 200000.Channel Offset Offset applied to channel number before calculating the

channel frequency from the channel number.

Unique Standard ID Must be between 0 and 400. It is used to tie multiple blocksof channels together into a single standard. A block ofchannels is a single row in the channel table file.

Signal Type 1 = CDMAOne2 = AMPS

3 = TDMA IS1364 = GSM/EDGE5 = W-CDMA (UMTS)6 = CDMA 200010 = CDMA 2000 1xEV--DO998 = NO_MEAS_ANALOG999 = NO_MEAS_DIGITAL

Forward / Reversefrequency separation

190000000 for W-CDMA (UMTS)

For signal standards that specify a single frequency for eachchannel (for example, the UTRA/FDD scheme used byW-CDMA (UMTS)), this entry specifies the difference infrequency between a forward channel and its correspondingreverse channel. For signal standards that specify forwardand reverse frequencies for each channel (most standards),this entry is left blank.

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Specifying the Signal TypeThe Channel Table file contains a field that defines the type of signalfor the named signal standard. For example, the standard namedGSM 900 is designated as a Signal Type 4. The Signal Type is usedby the Signal Identification function to suggest possible sources of interference.

Although the YBT250 will make measurements only on the firstseven signal types listed in Table 2--12, you can define a signal

standard that is based on other signal types. For example, you couldcreate an FM signal standard of signal type 998 (Analog signal, nomeasurements available) and define channels within the FM radioband. This would allow you to tune to “channels” within the FMband, although you could not take measurements with the YBT250.

The reason for creating a signal standard is that the Signal Identifica-tion function uses the Channel Table to determine possible types of signals, and if you have defined a signal standard, then it will appear

as a possible source in the Signal Identification function.The signal types 998 and 999 are included in the Channel Table toenable you to create a custom signal standard for analog or digitalsignals that do not match the other signal types (such as an “FM”standard noted previously). Though no measurements would bemade on channels of a standard based on either 998 or 999, thestandard they are assigned to would be used by the Signal Identifica-tion function.

How Channel Frequencies are Calculated

The frequency for a specific channel is calculated with a formulabased on the current channel number, the base frequency, the channelspacing and the channel offset:

If (Channel Offset≥ 0)

Chan Freq = ( (Chan Num -- Channel Offset)× Channel Spacing) + Base Frequency

If (Channel Offset< 0)

Chan Freq= Base Frequency -- ( ( --Channel Offset -- Chan Num)× Channel Spacing)

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Figure 2- 18: The Save & Export tab

Setting the Filename Prefix

The YBT250 allows you to save a file, such as a results file, with aname you enter each time you save a file or you can allow theYBT250 to automatically name files for you. When files are saved

without a specified prefix, the filename is simply a number, forexample: 0004.r01.

However, you can specify a prefix for automatically named files sothat you can more easily identify saved files. Actual filenames willconsist of the prefix you enter attached to a number, which isgenerated when the file is saved. For example, if you are testing Site5 you could set the prefix to s5, resulting in a filename of s50004.r01.

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NOTE . The length of a filename is variable, depending on the lengthof the path (where the file is located). The limit of the path and

filename is 256 characters. The shorter the path to the file, thelonger the filename can be.

To specify the filename prefix:

1. Select Setup > Edit. This displays the Setup window.

2. Tap the Save & Export tab. See Figure 2--18.3. Tap the box after File Prefix:.

4. Enter text (using the soft keyboard or an external keyboard) touse as the prefix of filenames.

5. Tap OK to save your changes.

Setting the Technician Name

The YBT250 allows you to store the name of the technicianperforming a test in the results file for the test.

To specify the technician’s name:


2. Tap the Save & Export tab. See Figure 2--18.

3. Tap the box after Technician:.

4. Enter text (using the soft keyboard or an external keyboard) forthe technician name. Of course, you can also use this space foradditional test information instead of a technician name.

5. Tap OK to save the technician name.

When viewing a saved results file, you can view any saved notes,including Technician Name, by selecting File > Results Properties.

Entering Notes for Saved Results

The YBT250 allows you to enter note text to be saved in resultsfiles. Thus, if there are any special conditions about a test, you cansave notes within the results file. You can enter up to 254 charactersin the notes field.

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To specify notes for saved results:1. Select Setup > Edit. This displays the Setup window.


3. Tap the box after Notes for saved results:.

4. Enter text (using the soft keyboard or an external keyboard) forthe note.

5. Tap OK to save the notes you entered.When viewing a saved results file, you can view any saved notes byselecting File > Results Properties.

Setting Up a GPS Receiver

Refer to page 2--50 for information about selecting and setting up aGlobal Positioning System Receiver so that you can save GPScoordinates with your results.

Setting Default File Type

You can set the default file type for exported screens. You can alsoset the default file type for saved and exported results files.

To specify default file types:



3. In the drop down box Default format for exported screens:,select a file extension:

PNG files (*.png)

JPEG files (*.jpg)

Bitmap files (*.bmp)

NOTE . An exported screen cannot be displayed by the YBT250; it canbe opened only by a program that can display graphic images.

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4. In the drop down box Default format for exported results:,select a file extension:

Tab-separated (*.txt)

Comma-separated (*.csv)

Setting Default File Location for Automatically Saving and ExportingSpectrograms and Codograms

You can set the default location to which you save and exportscreens and results files for spectrograms and codograms. Thisfeature can be useful when, for example, you are saving manyspectrograms and codograms to a memory card.

To specify the location to which spectrograms and codograms areautomatically saved or exported:



3. In the field Codogram/Spectrogram Auto Saves, look at the

path. Tap the icon to open the Input Panel to use the arrowson the Input Panel to view the whole path.

4. Enter a new path using the Input Panel, or tap the Browse...

button to navigate to the location to which you want files saved.

NOTE . Changes you make to the default location for auto saving and exporting spectrograms and codograms will persist when you next power-on the instrument.

This control only sets the location of codogram and spectrogramauto saves. It does not set the default location for other saves orexports. When you start the YBT250 application, the default location for all saves and exports (except codogram and spectrogram autosave) is always \BuiltInDisk\YBT250\AppData\Results; after you

have saved a file, the default location will be whatever location youused most recently.

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Saving GPS Coordinates with your ResultsYou can connect a GPS receiver to your NetTek Analyzer to collectlocation coordinates which are saved with your measurement resultswhen you save or export the results. At the time that you save orexport your results, the most recent position read from the GPSreceiver is included with your results.

NOTE . For correct coordinates when using the GPS function, save orexport your results while the GPS receiver is at the location where

you made the test. (If you make a measurement, move the instrument,and then save your results, you will not be saving the coordinates of where you took the test. You will be saving the coordinates of yournew location.)

Selecting a Compatible GPS Receiver

You can use any GPS receiver that supports NMEA 0183 V2.0.Specifically, the GPS must output the $GPRMC sentence on aregular basis.

The GPS position is read from the GPS receiver once per second bythe YBT250 application, or at the rate the GPS receiver sends the$GPRMC sentence, whichever is slower.

Connecting through the Serial Port. The GPS receiver can connect tothe serial port (4800 baud rate). The Garmin GPS III and Garmin

GPS III Plus have been tested with the YBT250 application.

Connecting through the PCMCIA Slot. The GPS receiver can connectthrough the PCMCIA slot and emulate a serial port on COM4. TheTeletype GPS WorldNavigator (product #1351) has been tested withthe YBT250 application.

Enabling Your GPS Receiver

To enable the GPS feature:

1. Set your GPS receiver to output NMEA sentences regularly.

2. Connect the GPS receiver (by cable or through the PCMCIA slot)to the NetTek Analyzer Platform.

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3. In the YBT250 application, tap the Edit button and then theSave & Export tab.

4. From the drop down list box, select the correct GPS receiverinterface type (Serial or PCMCIA) for your GPS.

If your GPS receiver is connected and is outputting the $GPRMCsentence, after a short pause, the latitude and longitude will bedisplayed just to the right of the drop down list box. Tap the Refreshbutton to update the coordinates displayed here.

You can also view the latest GPS position in the Results Propertiesdialog box (File > Results Properties). When you open a savedresults file, the Results Properties will show information about theresults file, including the GPS position at the time the results file wassaved.

Troubleshooting Your GPS Receiver

After you have selected the GPS receiver type in the Save & Exportdialog box, a position should be read out immediately to the right of the list box.

Error Message: Invalid Position. If, after you select the GPS receivertype in the Save & Export dialog, the message “Invalid Position”appears, then the communication connection to the receiver has beensuccessfully established, and the $GPRMC sentence is beingsuccessfully read from the receiver, but the position supplied in thatsentence is not valid. In this case, check your GPS receiver to see if it does have a valid position, and, if not, refer to the GPS receiverdocumentation to resolve this problem.

Error Message: Unable to Read Position Information If, after you selectthe GPS receiver type in the Save & Export dialog, an error dialogbox appears indicating that the application was unable to readposition information from the GPS receiver, then do the following:

Make sure the cable from the receiver to the serial port is

connected or that the PCMCIA card is firmly seated. Ensure that the receiver is set to output NMEA sentences

regularly.

If you have purchased the vxHpc terminal emulator, you canview the NMEA sentences being sent.

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Open the vxHpc terminal emulator by tapping Start > Programs> Communication > vxHpc.

To view the NMEA sentences being sent, you need to set upvxHpc to connect to the correct port:

For a serial port GPS receiver, set up vxHpc to connect toCOM1.

For the Teletype WorldNavigator, set up vxHpc to connect to

Teletype_1358.Configure the port the as follows:

4800 baud8 data bitsNo parity1 stop bitNo flow control

If you then open the session, you should see NMEA sentencesbeing displayed from the GPS receiver.

If you do not see NMEA sentences, either they are not being sentby the GPS receiver or the connection to the GPS receiver is notpassing them (check the cables again). Refer to your GPSreceiver documentation to find out how to output NMEA sentences regularly.

vxHpc SoftwareThe NetTek Analyzer includes a 30--day evaluation version of thevxHpc High Performance Serial and Telnet CommunicationsSoftware from Cambridge Computer Corporation. vxHpc providesmore sophisticated and powerful communications capability than thebuilt--in Windows CE Terminal program. vxHpc provides a broadrange of terminal emulations, includes telnet (TCP/IP) communica-tions capability, terminal emulation over the serial port, file transfer

and scripting. The vxHpc software is fully functional for 30 daysafter its first use, after which you will have to purchase a licensefrom Cambridge Computer Corporation. For registration informa-tion, see the vxHpc online help: follow the Tips for using vxHpc linkon the first page or go to http://www.cam.com.

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Displaying a Signal Spectrum


Table 3- 2: Trace display options (Cont.)

Trace type Description

Max Hold Each point in the trace represents the maximum amplitudemeasured at that frequency since the acquisition was started.Acquisition can be restarted by tapping the restart button.Updates displayed point only if new point > old point.

Min/Max Hold This is a combination of Min Hold and Max Hold. Each point in

the trace has both a minimum and maximum value thatcorrespond, respectively, to the minimum and maximum valuesmeasured at that frequency since the acquisition was started.Acquisition can be restarted by tapping the restart button.Draws a vertical line between Max Hold and Min Hold points.

Setting the Trace Type

The usual trace type is Normal. However, you can set the trace typeto any of the other four trace types.

To specify the trace type:

Select the desired trace type from the drop-down list. SeeFigure 3--3.

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Figure 3- 4: The Spectrum tab

Changing the Vertical Scale of the Spectrum Display

To change the vertical scale of the display (dB/div):

1. Tap the Vertical Scale label to assign Vertical Scale to the knob.

2. Change the vertical scale by:

a. Tapping the numeric entry keypad button and entering anew value, or

b. Tapping the left/right arrows below the knob to change thevertical scale value, or

c. Dragging the top portion of the knob to set the new value.

When the vertical scale is set to a value that causes the trace to

expand beyond the display area, a scroll bar appears at the right sideof the trace display. You can change the position of the trace bydragging the scroll bar or tapping the scroll bar’s arrows.

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Changing the Vertical Position of the TraceThe vertical position of the trace can be changed only when thevertical scale is <10 dB/div.

To change the vertical position of the trace:

Drag the vertical scroll bar (only visible when the vertical scaleis <10 dB/div) or tap the arrows at the ends of the scroll bar. SeeFigure 3--5.

Display scroll bar

Figure 3-5: How the display appears with a small vertical scale value

Changing the Horizontal Position of the Trace

To change the horizontal position of the trace:

Touch inside the graph, and keeping your finger on the screen,

drag the trace to the desired position. You do not have to touchthe trace itself.

If you just tap the waveform and remove your finger, the trace willnot move. If Markers are on, the position of the selected Marker willchange to the location you tapped. If Markers are off, when you tap

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the waveform, the measurement frequency will change to thefrequency at the point you tapped.

Changing the Reference Level

The Reference Level is the level displayed at the top of spectrumwindows.

To change the Reference Level:

1. Tap the Ref Lvl label to assign the knob to Reference Level.

2. Change the Reference Level by:

a. Tapping the numeric keypad button and entering a newvalue, or

b. Tap the left/right arrows on the bottom half of the knob tochange the Reference Level value, or

c. Drag the circle on the top half of the knob to set the new

value.

Disabling Tap/Drag Operation

You can prevent the accidental change of settings or movement of the trace by disabling Tap/Drag actions within the trace area of thedisplay.

To disable tap/drag action:

Tap the Tap/Drag Enabled button .

When Tap/Drag action is disabled, the icon changes to .

To enable tap/drag action:

Tap the Tap/Drag Disabled button .

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Displaying a Saved TraceYou can display a previously saved trace for review or comparisonwith another trace.

To display a saved trace:

1. Select File > Open. The Open dialog box appears.

2. Locate the saved trace, tap the name of the trace and then tap

OK .

NOTE . Traces are saved with the settings in effect at the time thetrace is saved. When a saved trace is displayed, the stored settingsvalues will be shown for reference, though no actual instrument

settings will change. As soon as you press to return to making

new acquisitions, the settings will be restored to what they werebefore the saved trace was opened.

Comparing Traces

The YBT250 provides the ability for you to visually compare thecurrent trace against a reference trace. The reference trace, calledTrace 2, can be another current trace or a saved trace.

To display a second trace:

Select View>Trace 2.

or

Select the Rotate Traces icon .

If Trace 2 is not enabled, selecting the Rotate Trace icon enables the

Trace 2 display.Defining Trace 2

Trace 2 can be a live trace (for example, an averaged display of thelatest acquisitions) or a saved trace.

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To define Trace 2:1. Select View>Define Trace 2... The Settings window appears

with the Trace 2 & Mask tab selected. See Figure 3--6.

Figure 3-6: Defining Trace 2

2. To set Trace 2 to a version of the live trace, select Live Trace inthe Trace 2 box.

You can set the trace display options for Trace 2 with thedrop-down list. You can choose Normal, Average, Min Hold,Max Hold, or Min/Max Hold.

3. To set Trace 2 to a saved trace, select Saved Trace. Enter thepath to the saved trace in the input box, or tap Browse to display

the Open dialog box.

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5. Tap OK . The trace stored in this second file is displayed asTrace 2.

The timestamp displayed next to the Open Folder indicator on thetoolbar is associated with the trace file that is displayed in theforeground.

The two traces are displayed in different colors so that they areeasier to compare. You can use markers on the saved traces tocompare points on the traces. See Figure 3--9.

Figure 3- 9: Two compared traces

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Displaying MarkersThe YBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester uses markers tomeasure differences in the frequency and level of the displayedtrace.

To display the markers:

Select View>Markers.

The markers will be displayed as shown in Figure 3--10.

NOTE . Markers can be viewed only in the Spectrum display. Markersare not available in any of the Interference or Measure windows.

Figure 3-10: Display with markers

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There are four readouts associated with markers. See Figure 3--11. Measurement Frequency level and frequency

Marker 1 (M1) frequency and level

Marker 2 (M2) frequency and level

Difference in frequency and level between M1 and M2 (M1--M2)(when mask testing is not enabled) OR

Difference in level between M1 and a Mask and M2 and a Mask(when mask testing is enabled)

MeasurementFrequency

readout

Marker 1 readout

Marker 2 readout

M1--M2 readout

Figure 3- 11: The four readouts of the Markers display

The units for the frequency and level readouts are located at the rightside of each segment of the marker display (for example, MHz anddBm). The elements of each marker display are shown inFigure 3--12.

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The symbol on the trace displayassociated with this readout Frequency of trace atMarker (in MHz)

Identifies function of readout(Measurement Frequency,Marker 1 or 2, or difference

between M1 and M2)

Level of trace at Marker(in dBm or Watts)

Figure 3- 12: Parts of the Marker readout

Specifying Units for Marker Display

The units displayed in the marker readouts for level can be set toeither dBm or Watts.

To change the marker readout units for level:

1. Tap the Edit button or select Setup > Edit. This displays thewindow shown in Figure 3--13.

2. To set the units for level in the marker readouts, tap dBm orWatts

in the Markers box.3. Tap OK after setting the units.

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Figure 3- 13: Changing Units for Marker Level

Measuring Frequency and Level Differences on a Single Trace

To measure the difference in frequency and level between two pointson a single trace:

1. Display the markers by selecting View>Markers.

2. Tap the M1 readout. This assigns the marker to the knob and tothe touch screen in the display area.

3. Tap the display where you want to place the marker. You can alsouse the knob to position the marker.



6. Read the difference in frequency and level at the right side of themarker display.

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Measuring Frequency and Level Differences Between Two TracesWhen Trace 2 is displayed, you can measure the difference infrequency and level between points on two traces:

1. If Trace 2 is not displayed, select View > Trace 2.

2. Display the markers by selecting View > Markers.

3. Specify the location of the markers by choosing one of the menuselections shown in Table 3--3 from the View menu.

Table 3-3: Marker placement

Menu selection Location of markers

M1 Trace 1, M2 Trace 2 Assigns M1 to Trace 1 and M2 to Trace 2(rotating the trace order does not change themarker assignment).

Both on front trace Both markers are assigned to the front trace,which changes when the trace orderchanges.

Both on Trace 1 Both markers remain on Trace 1 (rotating thetrace order does not change the markerassignment).

Both on Trace 2 Both markers remain on Trace 2 (rotating thetrace order does not change the markerassignment).

4. Tap the M1 readout. This assigns the marker to the control knoband to the touch screen in the display area.



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8. Read the difference in frequency and level at the right side of themarker display.

Markers and Mask Testing

Markers are available when mask testing is enabled. There are twothings to note about markers when mask testing is enabled:

Markers cannot be placed on a mask.

When mask testing is enabled, the marker difference readoutdisplays the difference between the marker and the mask.

Refer to page 3--33 for more information about mask testing andmarkers.

Band Edge Cursor

The Band Edge cursors identify the start and stop frequencies for thetransmit or receive bands of the selected standard. See Figure 3--14.(Transmit or receive band is selected using the Uplink and Downlinkbuttons.) There are two parts to the cursors, the main part appears inthe main trace display and the second part appears along the top

edge of the graph. The portion in the main display can be switchedoff, but the part along the top edge of the graph is always visible. SeeFigure 3--15.

To turn on the display of Band Edge Cursors:

Select View > Band Edge Cursor so that it is checked. SeeFigure 3--14 on page 3--23.

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Figure 3- 14: Band Edge Cursor displayed

To turn off the display of Band Edge Cursors:

Select View > Band Edge Cursor so that it is not checked. SeeFigure 3--15 on page 3--23.

Figure 3- 15: Band Edge Cursor turned off; top part visible

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Figure 3- 17: The Spectrum tab

3. Specify the full-screen data collection time by selecting eitherMinutes, Hours or Days.

4. Adjust the slider control to set the data collection time (that is,the time used to fill the spectrogram display). You change the

data collection time by moving the slider, tapping the left/rightarrow buttons, or typing in the number with the soft keyboard.

Automatically Saving and Exporting the SpectrogramDisplay

You can set YBT250 to save or export the spectrogram display eachtime 80 records are accumulated. Files are automatically named as

they are saved, enabling unattended operation.

For a general discussion of saving and exporting, refer to Saving, Exporting, and Recalling Results, Traces, and Settings onpage 3--123. For a general discussion of how to set defaults for

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saving or exporting files, refer to Changing Settings for Saved Fileson page 2--45.

To automatically save or export the spectrogram display every 80records:


2. Tap the Spectrum tab. See Figure 3--17.

3. To automatically save and / or export, tap the check boxes next to Auto Save and / or Auto Export.


The YBT250 will save or export the spectrogram display to anew file each time 80 data records are accumulated. The timerequired to accumulate 80 records depends on the spectrogramupdate rate. The size of a full, saved spectrogram file is about43 kilobytes. The size of a full, exported spectrogram file is

about 160 kilobytes.

Creating a Mask

Mask testing is used to determine if a signal exceeds specified levels.The YBT250 can perform several actions when an input signalexceeds limits defined by a mask. The default action is to display anicon ( ) to the right of the graph (which cannot be switched off)

and sound a beep (which can be switched off). A trace that exceedslimits can trigger additional actions such as pausing the display,exporting a screen and saving results to a file.

Masks are created with the Mask Maker utility. A mask consists of one or more traces. Each trace consists of at least one point.

To create a mask:

1. Select the Spectrum display.2. Set the measurement frequency to the center of the spectrum

graph by tapping the move to center icon ( ).

3. From the Tools menu, select Mask Maker . This displays theMask Maker utility. See Figure 3--18.

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Figure 3-18: The Mask Maker utility

If Mask testing was already enabled for the Spectrum display, theselected mask is displayed in the Mask Maker window. If Masktesting was not enabled, a new default mask (the pulse-shaped trace)is displayed.

To add a point to a trace:

1. If more than one trace is displayed, select the desired trace bytapping on it or tap the down arrow ( ) on the trace

selector and select the desired trace from the list.

2. Tap the add points option button above the graph.

3. Tap the graph at the desired point.

To move a trace point:1. If more than one trace is displayed, select the desired trace by

tapping on it or tap the down arrow ( ) on the trace

selector and select the desired trace from the list.

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2. Tap the edit points option button above the graph.3. Touch the desired point and drag it to the new location.

Alternately, you can move points by using the keypad or the cursorkeys:

1. Tap the value in the table (the number in either the x(MHz)

column or the y(dBm) column) you want to adjust.

2. If the cursor arrows are displayed above the table, tap the keypad

icon ( ) to display the keypad.

3. Use the keypad to type the new value for the point and tap Enter

when finished.

NOTE . If you want to adjust a vertical value, you can tap the desired point in the graph and its vertical value will be selected in the table.

or:

4. Tap the point to be moved so it is selected (point indicatorchanges to a circle).

5. If the keypad is displayed above the table, tap the cursor arrows

icon ( ) to display the cursor arrows. Tap one of the cursor

arrows to move the selected point in the desired direction.

To delete a point from a trace:

1. If more than one trace is displayed, tap the down arrow( ) on the trace selector. Select the desired trace

from the list.

2. Tap the point to be deleted so it is selected (point indicator

changes to a circle).3. Tap the delete point button ( ).

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To add a trace to the mask: Tap one of the Add new trace buttons. A trace of the selected

shape will appear on the graph.

To delete a trace from a mask:

1. Tap the down arrow ( ) on the trace selector.

2. Select the trace to delete from the list.

If the edit points option button is selected, you can also select atrace by touching it near one of its points.

3. Tap the delete trace button ( ).

To specify how a mask violation is determined:

1. Tap the down arrow ( ) on the trace selector.

2. Select the desired trace from the list.

3. Tap High limit to indicate a violation when a signal trace has avalue higher than the mask trace.

4. Tap Low limit to indicate a violation when a signal trace has avalue lower than the mask trace.

Hints

The selected point on a mask trace is indicated by a circle. Otherpoints are indicated by a square.

You can add as many points as you want to a mask trace.

You can place as many traces on a mask as you want.

If you place points outside the visible area of the graph, tap therescale button ( ) to bring all points into view.

If you accidentally delete a point or a trace, you can undo the last

delete action by tapping the Undo Delete button ( )

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Tap the numeric keypad ( ) to switch to the numeric keypad

from the cursor keys.

Tap the cursors keys button ( ) to switch to the cursor keys

from the numeric keypad.

Table 3-4: Mask maker buttons and icons

Button/Icon Description

Creates a new mask.

Opens an existing mask for editing.

Saves changes to the current mask.

Save changes to the current mask with a different

name or to a different location.

Cursor arrows button. Tap to display the cursorarrows.

Cursor arrow. Tap to move the selected point in thedesired direction.

Keypad button. Tap to display the numeric keypad.

Done. Tap to exit the Mask Maker utility.

Rescale button. Tap to scale the current mask so allpoints are visible in the graph.

Delete Point. Tap to delete the selected point fromthe mask.

Delete Trace. Tap to delete the selected trace fromthe mask.

Trace Select list box. Tap to select which trace toedit.

Undo Delete. Tap to undo the last Delete Point orDelete Trace action.

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Table 3-4: Mask maker buttons and icons (Cont.)

Button/Icon Description

Flat Trace button. Tap to add a 2-point trace to themask.

Rising Trace button. Tap to add a 4-point trace tothe mask.

Falling Trace button. Tap to add a 4-point trace tothe mask.

Positive Pulse button. Tap to add a 6-point trace tothe mask.

Negative Trace button. Tap to add a 6-point trace tothe mask.

Defining a Mask

Before you can perform a mask test, you must define the mask to beused. If you have not yet created a mask, see Creating a Mask onpage 3--27.

To define a mask:

1. Select View > Define Mask . This displays the Trace 2 & Mask

tab of the Setup window.

2. In the Mask section of the tab, tap Browse and select the maskyou want to use for your mask test.

3. Tap the Enable Mask Testing check box.

4. To have the YBT250 perform an action (in addition to displayingthe violation icon) when a mask violation occurs, tap the

appropriate check box: Tap Beep to sound an alarm when a violation occurs (this is

selected by default).

Tap Pause to cause the YBT250 to pause when a violationoccurs.

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Tap Export Screen to save the screen as a graphics file whena violation occurs.

Tap Save Results to cause the YBT250 to save the measure-ments results to a file when a violation occurs.

5. Tap OK to accept your changes.

Mask testing is enabled with the defined mask displayed.

Performing a Mask Test

To perform a mask test:

Select View > Mask so that there is a check mark next to Mask .

The defined mask is displayed, with the mask centered on the currentMeasurement Frequency.

If the signal trace exceeds the mask, the violation icon ( ) willappear on the right side of the spectrum graph and the violated masktrace will change color (the specific color depends on the selectedcolor scheme.

A mask trace does not have to cover the entire frequency range of agraph. Signal points at frequencies that don’t have associated maskpoints are not tested for violations. This allows you to check onlythose parts of the signal that are critical to your specific measure-

ment, for example the attenuation in adjacent channels.

Mask Testing and Markers

When Mask testing is enabled, the marker difference readoutdisplays the difference between the marker and the mask. A positivevalue indicates a “pass.” A negative value indicates a “fail.” A positive value for an upper limit means that the signal level is lowerthan the mask level at the marker frequency. A negative value means

the signal level is higher than the mask level, thus violating themask. For a lower limit mask, a positive difference means the signallevel is higher than the mask level and a negative difference meansthe signal level is lower than the mask level.

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Locating Interference

To locate interference, you need Option IN1 Interference Analyst orOption WS1 W--CDMA Scrambling Code Analyzer).

The YBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester providesseveral methods to locate and identify many types of interfering

signals. The YBT250 can identify interference signals, demodulateAM or FM audio signals, assess the strength of an interfering signal,and measure the noise floor on receive channels.

The Interference Display Area

Requires Option IN1, Interference Analyst

There are several tabs, buttons and icons located in the Interferencedisplay area. Figure 3--19 shows a typical Interference display.

Interference display area

Figure 3- 19: The Interference Strength display

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Table 3--5 lists each of the buttons/icons that can appear in theInterference display and it explains what each button does.

Table 3- 5: Interference window buttons and icons

Buttons/Icon Function

This button starts the automaticidentification function (Identify window

only).This scrollbar is used to adjust thevolume of the speaker when listeningto demodulated signals (Strength andAudio Demod windows only).

This drop-down list specifies the tracetype

This button restarts trace acquisition

when Trace is set to Average, Min,Max or Min/Max.

Adjusts the Reference Level to providean optimized waveform display andprevent overload conditions.

Moves the trace so the measurementfrequency is at the horizontal center ofthe spectrum graph.

Decreases the span of the tracedisplay.

Increases the span of the tracedisplay.

Undo reverses the most recent tap ordrag action. Only visible after a tap ordrag action. Displayed in graph area

only.

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Table 3- 5: Interference window buttons and icons (Cont.)

Buttons/Icon Function

Enables Tap or Drag actions (grapharea only).

Disables Tap or Drag actions (grapharea only).

Displaying a Trace

To begin searching for an interfering signal, you usually begin bydisplaying a spectrum trace.

To display a spectrum trace:

1. Connect the signal from an antenna to the YBT250 RF INPUT.

2. Select the Interference display ( ). See Figure 3--20.

Figure 3- 20: A trace spectrum in the Interference window

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3. Select the Signal Standard.4. Select the Channel.

5. Select Forward ( ) or Reverse ( ) Link.

Identifying a Signal


Once you can see a signal that you think may be interfering, you canuse the automated identification function to identify the signal. TheYBT250 will make an estimate of the signal type, choosing betweenGSM, cdmaOne/cdma2000/1xEV--DO, W-CDMA, IS-136, andanalog FM signal types.

1. In the Interference display (button 3), tap the Identify tab if needed.

2. Look at the spectrum display to locate the suspected interferingsignal. Tap the trace at the frequency of the interfering signal toset the measurement frequency. Try to set the MeasurementFrequency to the center of the signal.

3. Look at the Assignments for this Freq. readout at the lower leftof the display. See Figure 3--20.

This readout displays the signal standard (more than one might

be displayed) that has channels defined at the measurementfrequency. The YBT250 first looks at the list of preferred signalsand then looks at the global channel reference to check for amatch. If the Measurement Frequency does not match with asupported standard, Not Found is displayed.

4. Select Measure to invoke the Identify function.

The YBT250 will perform a series of measurements to identifywhich signal standard the signal’s characteristics most closelymatch. The results of the Identify function are displayed in theMeasurements suggest results box. The signals are sorted byfrequency, with the signal that most closely matches themeasurement frequency listed first. See Figure 3--21.

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Figure 3-21: Results of an identification test

Locating an Interfering Signal


By attaching a directional antenna to the YBT250, you can locate thesource of an interfering signal by measuring the strength of theinterfering signal. Figure 3--22 shows an example of a signal strength

display.

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Figure 3- 22: Example of a signal strength display

The Measurement Bandwidth, shown below the graph area inFigure 3--22, is the frequency range that fits within one horizontaldivision around the Measurement Frequency. You can change thespan to adjust the Measurement bandwidth.

The YBT250 indicates signal strength two ways. One indicator is theStrength graph located at the bottom-right of the results displayarea. The second indicator is an audible tone or beep.

The Strength graph indicates the signal power detected within theMeasurement Bandwidth. As the signal strength increases, the bar onthe Strength graph rises.

The audible tone changes pitch as the signal strength changes. Thehigher the pitch, the stronger the signal. The audible tone is switchedon and off by selecting On or Off , below the trace display. You canchange the volume of the audible tone using the slider control at the

bottom-left of the results display area.The Beep causes the audible tone to switch on and off at a rate thatvaries with the signal strength. The faster the audible tone beeps, thestronger the signal. The Beep is activated by selecting the Beepcheckbox located at the bottom-center of the results display area.

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Figure 3- 23: Example of an Audio Demod display

To demodulate the audio of an interfering signal:

1. Select the Interference display ( ).

2. Select the Audio Demod tab.

3. Display the trace of the interfering signal.

4. Tap the trace at the peak of the suspected interfering signal to setthe measurement frequency.

5. Select a demodulation type and bandwidth from the Demodula-

tion box on the lower-right of the results area. The YBT250 willplay the demodulated signal through the speaker. While the audioplays, the trace display is frozen briefly.

NOTE . To conserve power, the YBT250 will not demodulate a signal

continuously, even if plugged into an external power source. Thedemodulation will cycle on and off. It will be on for four seconds, off for one second and then repeats the cycle.

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6. If the audio doesn’t sound right, select another demodulation typeor bandwidth.

Measuring the Noise Floor


Noise Floor measures all the RF Power coming into the receiveantenna within the frequency band of the selected channel. TheNoise Floor is the power integrated across the selected channel. Tomake an accurate measurement, the Noise Floor must be measuredon a disabled channel (that is, a channel that is not carrying livetraffic). Larger numbers indicate more noise. Figure 3--24 shows anexample of a Noise Floor measurement.

Figure 3- 24: Example of a Noise Floor measurement

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To measure the noise floor:1. Connect a signal (see page 2--23) from a receiver test port to the

YBT250 RF INPUT connector.

2. If there is no test port:

a. Disconnect the receiver cable from the transmitter.

b. Connect the receiver cable to the RF INPUT connector.

3. Select the Interference display ( ).4. Select the Noise tab.

5. Select the Signal Standard.

6. Select the Channel.

7. Select Reverse Link ( ).

The Noise Floor measurement is displayed below the trace

display. Noise Floor is displayed in dBm, with a resolution of 0.1 dB. The two vertical lines in the trace display indicate theupper and lower frequencies of the channel being measured.

Locating Intermittent Interference


Intermittent interference can be difficult to identify. The YBT250Spectrogram display is ideal for spotting intermittent interference. A spectrogram displays how a signal changes over time, in addition tofrequency and level. Because the spectrogram displays signals over aperiod of time, signals that are intermittent are easy to spot. SeeFigure 3--25.

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Time in the spectrogram display runs from the bottom to the top,with the most recent data at the bottom of the display. Continuoussignals display an uninterrupted vertical line (although the signallevel can vary). Intermittent signals will show up as a discontinuousvertical line. Signals of varying frequency will appear as a slanted orcrooked line through the display.

To determine the date and time when an intermittent signal occurred:

1. Locate the Data Record cursor at a discontinuous point on the

vertical line located at a frequency of interest.

a. Tap the Data Record box to assign the knob to the DataRecord.

b. Use the knob to change the position of the data recordcursor ( the cursor value can vary from 1 to 80). Eachrecord will display the date and time it was recorded tothe right of the Data Record box.

2. The date and time indicates when the selected data record wasacquired.

To achieve the best spectrogram display:

Tap the Restart icon ( ) to clear the trace history and restartcollecting data.

Select Updates... to change how often the spectrogram is

updated. Ensure the Trace Interval is long enough when the trace type is

set to Average. If the Trace Interval is too short, you will not seethe effect of averaging when a spectrogram is displayed. Thespectrogram update rate (set by Trace Interval) must allow timefor the averaging function to produce an averaged spectrum. Forexample, if the YBT250 requires 10 seconds to average the trace,a Trace Interval shorter than 10 seconds will not show the effect

of averaging.

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For the best spectrogram display, first adjust the Spectrum graphas follows: decrease the dB/div setting and move the graph up ordown (by adjusting the reference level or vertical scroll barswhen present) until the trace covers at least eight verticaldivisions.

Analyzing W-CDMA Scrambling Codes

Requires Option WS1, W-CDMA Scrambling Code Analyzer

The W--CDMA Scrambling Code Analyzer (SCA) detects thescrambling code and pilot power level of each received W--CDMA downlink signal when multiple signals are present. The SCA isintended for off-air reception using an antenna, and measures onlydownlink signals.

The maximum number of signals that can be detected is ten.

To make accurate measurements of the downlink signals, you shoulduse a receive antenna with frequency response and bandwidthappropriate for the channel you want to measure. You should alsouse a high quality, low-loss Band Pass Filter (BPF) to reject signalsoutside the signal band. If you take measurements near a high powertransmitter such as commercial TV or radio, the BPF may benecessary to allow the SCA to produce useable results.

To use the Scrambling Code Analyzer:

1. Connect the antenna and filter (if used) to the RF input usinghigh quality cabling.

2. Select the Interference display ( ).

3. Select the Scr Code tab.


5. Select the Channel.

6. Select Forward Link ( ).

7. If you know the attenuation of the antenna, filter, and connectingcable, you may account for it. Select the Edit button > Input taband enter the value in the Attenuator Loss field.

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W- CDMA Scrambling Code ResultsIo is the received power in the W--CDMA signal bandwidth, in dBm.(Io is also known as No or RSSI.)

Scrambling Code is the Primary Scrambling Code number of eachdetected downlink signal.

Ec/Io is the energy per chip in a downlink pilot channel code,normalized to the received power, in dB. Essentially, it is the ratio of

the power of each detected pilot channel code to the total receivedpower. An Ec/Io value of --10 dB indicates that pilot code contributesone tenth of the total received power.

Ec is the absolute power level of each detected pilot channel code, indBm. (Ec is also known as RSCP.)

In the graph, look for only one or two signals to have high Ec/Io(>--10 dB). Any other detected signals should have Ec/Io of 5 to10 dB less than these to avoid interference. If there are three or more

signals of high and approximately equal level, one or more of thetransmitters may need adjustment to prevent excessive interferencein that location.

Results are normally displayed in descending order of Ec/Io level inboth the graph and table. As Ec/Io varies, codes may change order ordisappear from the result.

Sorting or Locking the Current Set of Scrambling Codes

You can either sort or lock the current set of scrambling codes.

To sort the results, select one of the following choices:

Power (Ec) to sort by descending Ec level. (See Figure 3--26.)

Scrambling Code (SC) to sort by ascending Scr Code index.

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Figure 3-26: Scrambling codes sorted by descending power (Ec)

Alternatively, to lock and hold the current set of detected ScramblingCodes, select Lock Scrambling Codes. Select Lock a second time toremove the hold action. See Figure 3--27 for a screen capture of locked scrambling codes.

NOTE . When Lock is enabled, if a new signal is detected, the YBT250will not display the new signal until Lock is disabled.

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Figure 3-27: Locked scrambling codes

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Taking Measurements

The YBT250 provides measurement capabilities to quickly andeasily determine the condition of a transmitter. Measurements areavailable to measure power, spectral response and modulation.

The Measure Window DisplayThe Measure window display is where readouts for the selectedmeasurement appear. Figure 3--28 shows a typical Measure display.

Figure 3- 28: A Measure window display

Table 3--6 lists the buttons and icons that can appear in the Measure

window display and it explains what each button or icon represents.

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Table 3-6: Measure window buttons and icons

Button Function

This button appears in the ChannelPower measurement. It sets thehorizontal range to one channel widthplus half a channel on either side

This button appears in the Channel

Power measurement. It sets thehorizontal range to just over fivechannels.

This button appears in the ChannelPower measurement. It sets thehorizontal range to 10 MHz or10 channel widths, whichever isgreater.

This arrow is a Fail indicator. Itappears when a measurementexceeds the upper limit.

This arrow is a Fail indicator. Itappears when a measurement fallsbelow the lower limit.

Setting the Measurement Frequency

Measurements are made at a specific frequency. The frequency atwhich measurements are made is called the Measurement Frequency.Before making a measurement, you must ensure the MeasurementFrequency is properly set.

The measurement frequency is indicated on the spectrum display twoways. One indicator is the Freq (MHz) readout. For example, inFigure 3--29 the Freq (MHz) readout shows a measurementfrequency of 878.4900 MHz. The second measurement frequencyindicator is the small triangle and circle that appears on the tracedisplay.

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Note that the Measurement Frequency can be located anywhere inthe spectrum display; it does not have to be located at the center.

Measurement Frequency Indicator

Figure 3- 29: Measurement Frequency indicator

There are four ways to set the measurement frequency:

Tap the trace

Select a channel number

Enter the measurement frequency with the numeric keypad

Use the knob

To set the measurement frequency by tapping the display:

1. If Markers are displayed, tap the Measurement Frequency Markerbox (labeled as Trace 1/2).

2. Tap the trace at the point where you wish to make a measure-ment.

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To increase the precision of where the frequency is set, tapthe decrease span button ( ) to change the horizontalscale of the display.

To set the measurement frequency using the numeric keypad:

1. Tap the Freq (MHz) button. This displays the input keypad. SeeFigure 3--30.

Figure 3- 30: Entering the measurement frequency with the keypad

2. Enter the specific frequency at which you want to makemeasurements by tapping the keypad.

You enter a frequency by tapping a number followed by amultiplier. You must include the multiplier (GHz, MHz, kHz, orHz) to complete your input.

For example, to enter a frequency of 370 MHz, tap

3 7 0 MHz.

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Analog Limit Test Measurements RF Channel Power

RF Channel Power Difference vs. Reference Power

Frequency Error (in kHz and ppm)

Occupied Bandwidth

FM Deviation

cdmaOne/cdma2000 Limit Test Measurements

RF Channel Power


Peak/Average Power

Pilot Power

Pilot Difference


Occupied Bandwidth

PN Offset

Rho (Waveform Quality)

Tau

EVM (Error Vector Magnitude)

Carrier Feedthrough

Code Power

GSM Limit Test Measurements

RF Burst Power

Frequency Error (in kHz or ppm)

Occupied Bandwidth

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GSM/EDGE Limit Test Measurements RF Channel Power (absolute or relative)

Carrier to Interference (C/I)

Error vector magnitude (EVM)

Frequency Error (in kHz or ppm)

Occupied Bandwidth

Origin offset

Phase error

NADC IS-136 Limit Test Measurements

RF Channel Power


Peak/Average Power


Occupied Bandwidth

W-CDMA Limit Test Measurements

RF Channel Power

RF Channel Power Difference

Peak/Average Power


EVM (Error Vector Magnitude)

Carrier Feedthrough

Occupied Bandwidth

OVSF Code Power

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P-CPICH Power ACLR Lower 1 and Lower 2

ACLR Upper 1 and Upper 2

cdma2k 1xEV- DO Limit Test Measurements

Pilot/MAC Power

Non--idle Total Power

Non--idle Data Power

Idle Data Power

Non--idle Transmission Envelope Mask Test

Idle Transmission Envelope Mask Test


PN Offset Rho (Pilot)

Rho (Overall--1)

EVM (Pilot)

EVM (Overall--1)

Pilot Time Alignment

Occupied Bandwidth

Data Code Power (minimum)

Data Code Power (maximum)

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c. To enable limit testing for all the measurements, tap theEnable All button.

d. To disable limit testing for all the measurements, tap theDisable All button.

5. To change the limits for a measurement:

a. Tap the limit you want to change. This highlights the limitvalue of the measurement.

b. Tap the numeric keypad to enter a new value for the limit.Tap OK to complete the change.

c. You can disable either the Low Limit or High Limit testfor a measurement by clearing the contents of the cell.Disabling one test limit does not disable the other testlimit.

For example, suppose you wish to test the High Limit for

RF Power, but are not interested in testing the Low Limit.To enable testing for the High Limit, you must enable thelimit test for RF Power. To disable the Low Limit test forRF Power, tap the Low Limit cell for RF Power and clearthe contents of the cell (using the backspace key on thenumeric keypad).

d. To reset the limits for all measurements to factory defaultvalues, tap Defaults.

6. To specify what the YBT250 should do when a limit is exceeded:

a. Tap the check box for Beep to cause the YBT250 to makea beep sound when a limit is exceeded.

b. Tap the check box for Pause to cause the YBT250 topause and display a message box when a limit isexceeded.

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Taking Measurements


c. Tap the check box for Export Screen to cause theYBT250 to export the screen display when a limit isexceeded. (The name for the exported screen will beautomatically generated.)

d. Tap the check box for Save Results to cause the YBT250to save the measurement results to a file when a limit isexceeded. The name for the saved file is automaticallygenerated when the file is created.

7. When you are finished setting up the measurement limits, tapOK .

NOTE . The YBT250 automatically optimizes the reference level, spanand bandwidth filters to provide the most accurate results whenmaking measurements.

Setting the Scrambling Code Detection

Requires Option WD1, Demodulation for W-CDMA

The YBT250 enables you to specify how it detects the scramblingcode of a W-CDMA signal for demodulated measurements. Thereare two settings for the scrambling code control: Auto and Manual.

The default setting is Auto.

In Auto mode, the YBT250 automatically detects the scramblingcode by using the P-SCH and S-SCH codes to determine the codegroup, then searches only for the scrambling codes within thatcode group. If multiple signals are present, the scrambling codeof the signal with the highest power P-SCH and S-SCH will bedetected.

In Manual mode, the YBT250 bypasses the SCH codes andsearches only for the signal with the specified scrambling code.

The Manual setting is primarily used in off-air testing in areas wherethere are multiple transmitters and there is a need to make measure-ments on a specific transmitter.

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5. To set the scrambling code in Manual mode, tap the numerickeypad and enter the scrambling code for the transmitter onwhich you wish to make measurements. The acceptable range forcodes is 0--511.

6. Tap OK to accept the setting change.

How the Scrambling Code Setting is Indicated in Displays

The way the scrambling code is displayed changes depending on the

scrambling code setting. When the scrambling code setting is Auto,the words Scrambling Code are used in the display. When thescrambling code setting is Manual, the words Scr Code (Manual)are used in the display.

Measuring RF Power

Requires a Measurement Option

RF Power can be measured by itself and/or compared to a specifiedReference Channel.

To measure RF Power:

1. Connect a signal to the YBT250 RF INPUT connector. Seepage 2--24 for connection instructions.

2. Select the Measure window (button 1).

3. Tap Select Measurement. This displays the Select SignalStandard and Measurement dialog box.


5. Tap RF Power . See Figure 3--33.

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Figure 3- 33: RF Power measurement for CDMA


7. Select the Channel:

a. Tap the Channel box. This assigns the knob and numerickeypad to Channel.

b. Tap the numeric keypad to enter the channel number

directly or use the knob to change the channel number.The vertical bars in the display represent the upper and lowerfrequency limits of the specified channel. You can changehorizontal range (span) of the display by selecting one of thethree buttons in the lower-left corner of the display:

Select to change the horizontal range to one channelwidth plus half a channel or either side.

Select to change the horizontal range to just over fivechannels.

Select to set the horizontal range to 10 MHz or10 channel widths, whichever is greater.

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To compare the power level against another channel (only fornon-bursted signal types), such as a reference channel:

1. Tap the Reference Channel box.

Use the numeric keypad or the knob to set the ReferenceChannel number.

2. Tap the Update Reference button any time you want to remeasurethe Reference Channel’s power.

NOTE . Ref Chan Power is the power of the Reference Channel measured when you tap the Update Reference button. The reference power is the power at the forward frequency of the reference channel (unless you are using W-CDMA, in which case it is the power at thereference channel).

Difference is the measured difference in power between the selected

channel and the reference channel.

When GSM is the selected signal standard for RF Channel Powermeasurements, the YBT250 attempts to locate and measure an RFpower burst during the active burst. If no burst is found, themeasurement defaults to a continuous power measurement on theselected channel, and displays a dialog stating that no RF burst wasfound.

Measuring GSM/EDGE RF Power

Requires RF Measurement Option EM1

The GSM/EDGE RF Power measurement measures the average RFpower transmitted during the useful part of a GSM timeslot.

The measurement can, at your option, use a specified BCCH channel

to acquire timeslot frame sync, enabling identification andmeasurement of individual GSM frame timeslots (0--7).

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Taking Measurements


7. Tap the Channel box and enter a valid channel number for thecurrent standard.

The GSM/EDGE RF Power screen displays the following:

The BCCH slot 0 signal source. Valid signal sources are None,On Meas Chan/Freq, On Channel xxx, and On Freq xx.xxx,where xxx and xx.xxx are the numeric values for a channel orfrequency, respectively.

The BCCH slot 0 average power value. The BCCH slot 0 powermeasurement value is always in dBm (absolute).

NOTE . The BCCH Slot 0 Power value is displayed only if the BCCH Frame Sync control is not set to OFF, a valid BCCH channel is present, and frame sync is acquired.

A Restart button that clears all multi-slot averaged measurementand count values and then restarts the averaging process.

A Limit Test indicator that shows whether any measurements areoutside the defined limit test values. See page 3--59 forinformation on enabling limit testing.

The current power value and modulation type for each slot.

The average power reading and number of acquisitions averaged

(count) for GMSK signals for each slot. See page 3--70 forinformation on setting the number of acquisitions to average.

The average power reading and number of acquisitions averaged(count) for 8--PSK signals for each slot. See page 3--70 forinformation on setting the number of acquisitions to average.

Setting GSM/EDGE BCCH Frame Sync Modes

To set the GSM/EDGE RF Channel Power BCCH Frame Sync mode:

1. Tap the Edit button at the top of the display. This displays theSetup window.

2. Tap the Meter tab. See Figure 3--35.

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Taking Measurements


Figure 3- 35: GSM/EDGE RF Power measurement parameters

3. Select a GSM/EDGE signal standard from the list at the top of the window.

4. Select a BCCH Frame Sync mode:

Off (no frame sync): Turns off BCCH frame sync, causing theYBT250 to attempt to acquire slot sync by using the powerenvelope ramps (edges) of the received signal. The YBT250

then measures one randomly-chosen slot. Figure 3--36 showsa typical RF Power measurement with BCCH set to Off.

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Taking Measurements


Figure 3- 36: GSM/EDGE RF Power with BCCH turned off

On Measurement Channel/Frequency: Sets the YBT250 toframe sync on slot 0 of the currently measured channel/fre-quency, which is displayed in the Channel and Freq (MHz)fields at the top of the measurement display.

On Specified Channel: Sets the YBT250 to frame sync onslot 0 of the specified channel. Tap the keypad icon to enter achannel number.

On Specified Frequency: Sets the YBT250 to frame sync onslot 0 of the specified frequency. Tap the keypad icon to entera frequency value.

5. Tap OK to accept the selections, close the Setup window, and

return to the RF Power display. Tap Cancel to close the Setupwindow without taking any action.

When any of the BCCH Frame Sync On modes are selected, theYBT250 attempts to detect the FCCH and SCH bursts on thespecified Frame Sync channel. If it detects the bursts, the YBT250

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Taking Measurements


establishes frame timing and can then measure any of the slots (0..7)within the frame. If the YBT250 does not detect the sync bursts, itattempts to find slot timing by using the power envelope ramp edgesof the signal on the measurement frequency or channel.

Channel and Frequency Setting Interactions

When you enter a value in the On Specified Channel field, the valuein On Specified Frequency updates to reflect the frequencyassociated with the channel number for the current measurement

standard.

When you enter a value in the On Specified Frequency field, thevalue in the On Specified Channel field also updates as follows:

If the specified frequency has an associated channel number forthe current measurement standard, then the On Specified Channelfield displays the channel number.

If the specified frequency is within the range of a channel of thecurrent measurement standard, but does not align exactly with achannel number, then the On Specified Channel field displays thenearest channel number in reverse video (white/gray text on ablack background).

If the specified frequency is outside the range of a channel of thecurrent measurement standard, then the On Specified Channelfield displays dashes in reverse video (white/gray text on a blackbackground).

When On Specified Channel is selected, changing to a differentGSM measurement standard can cause the channel number tochange to a valid channel number in the new standard. The OnSpecified Frequency value also changes to display the frequencyfor the new channel and standard.

Setting GSM/EDGE RF Channel Power Modes

To set the GSM/EDGE RF Channel Power mode:1. Tap the Edit button at the top of the display. This displays the

Setup window.


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Taking Measurements


3. Select a GSM/EDGE signal standard from the list at the top of the window.

4. Select an RF Channel Power mode:

Absolute: displays all slot power measurement values asabsolute. Measurement values are displayed in dBm units.Figure 3--37 shows a typical RF Power measurement with RFChannel Power set to Absolute.

Figure 3- 37: GSM/EDGE Absolute RF Power measurement

Relative (to BCCH slot 0): displays all slot power measure-ment values relative to the BCCH Slot 0 power measurement.Measurement values are displayed in dB units. Figure 3--38

shows a typical RF Power measurement with RF ChannelPower set to Relative.

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Taking Measurements


Figure 3-38: GSM/EDGE Relative RF Power measurement

Slot Averages: Sets the number of acquisitions over which toaverage slot power measurements. Tap the keypad icon toenter a value from 1 to 200 (the default is 200).

5. Tap OK to accept the selections, close the Setup window, and

return to the RF Power display. Tap Cancel to close the Setupwindow without taking any action.

Measuring cdma2000 1xEV-DO RF Power

Requires CRE Measurement Option

You can measure the RF Power of a 1xEV--DO signal within aselected forward channel. A basestation using 1xEV--DO signals cantransmit at idle and non-idle power levels depending on the use of the individual slots for carrying data at that time. The YBT250distinguishes between idle and non-idle slots and performs powermeasurements on each type of slot.

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Taking Measurements


Look at the graph to see whether the waveform power remainswithin the green lines of the mask. Look at the readouts to see theaverage power.

To measure RF Power:




4. Select a 1xEV--DO standard.

5. Tap RF Power . See Figure 3--33.


7. Tap the Channel box and enter a valid channel number for the

current standard.

8. Tap the Idle or Non--Idle button.

Refer to Figure 3--39.

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Taking Measurements


Figure 3- 39: RF Power measurement for 1xEV- DO

Refer to Table 3--7 for explanations of the readouts on screen.

Table 3-7: RF Power screen result values

Result name Waveform interval included in result

Pilot/MAC Power Average power of Pilot/MAC intervals of all half-slots

Non-Idle Total Average power of entire half-slot of non-idle half-slots

Non-Idle Data Average power of data intervals of non-idle half--slots

Idle Data Average power of data intervals of idle half--slots

Activity Percentage of acquired half-slots which are of the selected type(idle or non-idle)

1xEV-DO Transmission Envelopes on the RF Power Screen

The YBT250 draws a waveform representing the averages of eitherthe idle (not transmitting power in data interval) slots or the non--idle(transmitting power in data interval) slots. The averaging smooths

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Taking Measurements


out the more extreme bumps in the waveforms. Idle slots andnon--idle slots are averaged separately.

The horizontal axis of the graph is in chips, and the first and last chipof each data interval is marked.

If the waveform strays outside the green lines of the mask, the masktest result will display Fail, and the section(s) of the mask where thefailure occurred will turn from green to red. There are mask sectionsfor each data interval, each mac interval, and for the pilot interval.

You can enable or disable the Mask test by tapping View > Mask. Toset alarm actions (such as beeping), select Setup > Edit > Limits.

Mask for Idle Slots. Select the Idle button. In the graph area, you willsee a time--domain mask represented by green lines within whichyou want to see a square waveform representing the Pilot/MACsignal. If the waveform strays outside the mask, the Mask Testresults will display Fail.

Mask for Non-Idle Slots. Select the Non--idle button. In the graph area,you will see a time--domain mask represented by green lines withinwhich you want to see a long, relatively flat waveform representingthe data-interval part of the signal. If the waveform strays outside themask, the Mask Test results will say Fail.

Troubleshooting. A test may take a long time to run if the basestationis not currently transmitting very many of the type of slot you aretrying to measure.

The YBT250 will try to collect 100 half slots of the selected slottype (idle or non-idle) before giving a result. If the YBT250 cannotcollect 100 half-slots of the selected type to make the measurementafter collecting 1000 total half-slots, it will display the averagewaveform for as many half-slots as it could collect, and it will report“* Waveform not fully averaged *”. If no half-slots of the requestedtype could be collected during the attempt, it will display “* Nonon-idle(idle) half slots found *”.

To speed up the measurement rate, switch to the other slot type bypressing the appropriate button (Idle or Non-Idle) at the bottom of the screen. This will increase the measurement update rate, and thenumeric power results will still be valid.

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Taking Measurements


Measuring GSM/EDGE Power vs. TimeRequires RF Measurement Option EM1

The Power vs. Time measurement (GSM/EDGE signals) comparesthe RF power burst envelope for the specified slot against a maskdefined by the selected signal standard and measured modulationtype. The comparison determines whether the burst envelope powerand timing constraints are within the mask constraints for that slotand modulation type. This test verifies that the transmitter ramps up,maintains RF power, and turns off completely within the timeenvelope defined for the standard and modulation type.

To measure GSM/EDGE Power vs. Time:




4. Select a GSM/EDGE Signal Standard.

5. Tap Power vs. Time. See Figure 3--40.


7. Tap the Channel or Frequency box and enter a valid channel or

frequency value.8. Tap the Slot field keypad icon and enter a slot number to

measure.

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Figure 3-40: GSM/EDGE Power vs. Time measurement

9. Tap the Modulation field to select the modulation type to detect.

The GSM/EDGE Power vs. Time screen displays the following:

The BCCH slot 0 signal source. Valid signal sources are None,

On Meas Chan/Freq, On Channel xxx, and On Freq xx.xxx,where xxx and xx.xxx are the numeric values for a channel orfrequency, respectively. See page 3--67 for information on settingthe BCCH signal source (frame sync mode).

A graph that shows the specified slot signal and the mask limitsagainst which the signal is compared. The graph vertical units arethe measured slot power, in dB, relative to the computed averagepower. The graph horizontal units can be either symbols or time.

See page 3--79 for information on setting the graph units.The mask used for testing is determined by the GSM/EDGEstandard and the detected modulation type.

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The Avg Power, Max Power, and Min Power fields, whichdisplay the slot average, maximum, and minimum power values,in dBm. The Avg, Max and Min power values are computed onlyfor the useful part of the burst.

The Detected Mod Type field, which lists the actual measuredsignal modulation type. The YBT250 first searches for a validsignal for the modulation type selected in the Modulation list. If that modulation type is not detected, the YBT250 then searches

for the other modulation type. If neither modulation type isdetected, this field shows dashes (--------).

The Mask Test field, which indicates the pass or fail status of themask test. The mask used for testing is based on the GSMstandard and the detected modulation type. Figure 3--41 shows afailed Power vs. Time mask test.

Figure 3-41: GSM/EDGE Power vs. Time mask fail example

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NOTE . To search for the modulation type in all slots, instead of onlythe specified slot, set the BCCH Frame Sync control to Off.

Setting GSM/EDGE Power vs. Time parameters

To set the GSM/EDGE Power vs. Time graph horizontal units:

1. Tap the Edit button at the top of the display. This displays theSetup window.


3. Select a GSM signal standard from the list at the top of thewindow.

4. Select the Power vs. Time Graph parameters:

Symbols: Sets the graph horizontal units to symbols.

Secs: Sets the graph horizontal units to microsecond timeunits.

Limit mask test to the current slot: Enables use of a truncatedversion of the mask (the horizontal portions are omitted fromthe beginning and ending of the mask) to allow signals thatcontain active slots adjacent to the slot being tested to passthe mask test. The default value is not enabled (not checked),which corresponds to using the complete mask as defined by

the current standard and modulation type.5. Tap OK to accept the selections, close the Setup window, and

return to the Power vs. Time display. Tap Cancel to close theSetup window without taking any action.

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Measuring Peak to Average Power RatioRequires an RF Measurement Option

The YBT250 enables you to check transmitter headroom bymeasuring the Peak to Average Power Ratio.

To measure the Peak to Average Power Ratio:

1. Connect a signal to the YBT250 RF INPUT connector. See

page 2--24 for connection instructions.2. Select the Measure window (button 1).

3. Tap Select Measurement.

4. Tap Peak/Average. See Figure 3--42.

Figure 3-42: A typical Peak to Average Power Ratio display



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7. Select the Channel:a. Tap the Channel box. This assigns the numeric keypad

and knob to Channel.

b. Tap the numeric keypad to enter the channel numberdirectly or use the knob to change the channel number.

Measuring Carrier FrequencyRequires an RF Measurement Option

The Carrier Frequency measurement actually displays threemeasurements: carrier frequency and frequency error expressed infrequency and parts per million (ppm). In addition, if a valid externalreference frequency is present (see page 2--26), the frequency of theexternal reference is also displayed.

The Carrier Frequency is the actual measured frequency for theselected channel. If the measurement frequency is not within theselected channel (indicated by a black background in the Channelbox), a warning is displayed.

Frequency Error is the difference in frequency between the measuredfrequency of the selected channel and the frequency assigned to thechannel in the Channel Table file. Excessive frequency error canprevent demodulation of the received signal. The Frequency Error

measurement can only be made on channels in the current ChannelTable. If a carrier is not detected close to the MeasurementFrequency, the measurement cannot be made and an error message isdisplayed.

To measure the carrier frequency:


2. If desired, connect a cable from the BTS transmitter ExternalFrequency Reference signal (see page 2--26 for a list of acceptable frequencies) to the FREQUENCY REFERENCEINPUT on the YBT250.


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Measuring Occupied BandwidthRequires an RF Measurement Option

One way to check the spectral response of the transmitter is tomeasure the Occupied Bandwidth. The YBT250 enables you tocheck the signal width of the selected signal using the OccupiedBandwidth measurement.

The Occupied Bandwidth is the frequency range where 99% of the

power transmitted in a single channel lies. This measurement can beproperly made only if the channel being measured has no activechannels adjacent to it. If there is a signal in either channel adjacentto the selected channel, the signal will add power to the measure-ment, thus resulting in an inaccurate measurement.

To measure the Occupied Bandwidth:




4. Tap Occupied Bandwidth. See Figure 3--44.




a. Tap the Channel box. This assigns the numeric keypadand knob to Channel.


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Figure 3- 44: A typical Occupied Bandwidth display

The two markers indicate the left and right edges of themeasurement.

The vertical bars in the display represent the upper and lowerlimits of the specified channel. You can change the horizontalrange of the display by selecting one of the three buttons in thelower-left corner of the display:

Select to change the horizontal range to one channelwidth plus half a channel or either side.

Select to change the horizontal range to just over fivechannels.

Select to set the horizontal range to 10 MHz or10 channel widths, whichever is greater.

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Measuring cdmaOne and cdma2000 Signal QualityRequires Option CD1, Demodulation for cdmaOne or Option CD2,Demodulation for cdma2000

For cdmaOne and cdma2000 signal quality, the measurementsperformed are: Waveform Quality (Rho), Error Vector Magnitude,Pilot time Alignment, PN Offset and Carrier Feedthrough.

To measure signal quality:

1. Select the appropriate CDMA Signal Standard.




5. Tap Signal Quality.

6. Select the Method to use for measuring Signal Quality:

Select Pilot only, no other codes active on input signal forPilot-only signals.

Select Auto detect active codes for an in-service signalquality measurement.


8. Connect the BTS transmitter Even Second Clock to the TIMINGINPUT connector on the YBT250.




directly or use the knob to change the channel number.See Figure 3--45.

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Figure 3- 45: A Signal Quality display

NOTE . True signal quality, Rho, should be measured only on a pilot-only signal. If the YBT250 detects active codes in the signal and Autodetect Active codes is selected, it will make the Estimated Rho measurement.

Measuring W-CDMA Signal Quality


For W-CDMA signal quality, the measurements performed are: ErrorVector Magnitude, Carrier Feedthrough, and Scrambling Code.

To measure signal quality:

1. Select the appropriate W-CDMA Signal Standard.



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4. Tap Select Measurement.5. Tap Signal Quality.





See Figure 3--46.

Figure 3- 46: A Signal Quality display

The EVM measurement will be most accurate when using the

conformance test model for EVM, Test Model 4. Test Model 4specifies that the only active channels are the P-CCPCH and SCHchannels, with the P-CPICH channel present as an option. TheP-CPICH must be present for the YBT250 to make an EVMmeasurement.

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The EVM measurement can be made on signals other than TestModel 4, but the result will be an estimate of the true EVM value.The YBT250 will attempt to determine the spreading factor of allactive codes and the power levels during one time slot. Changingpower levels or codes with low power levels will decrease theaccuracy of the EVM estimate.

The EVM measurement is an average of the last ten data points.When you change a setting, the queue of the last ten data points is

flushed. While the queue is filling, the help link text includes “**”and the message “**EVM result being averaged -- please wait” isdisplayed. This message goes away after ten data points are availableto average (this might require several seconds). Until this averagingis completed, the EVM result will exhibit more variation.

Measuring cdma2k 1xEV-DO Signal Quality

Requires Option CDE, Demodulation for cdma2k 1xEV-DOFor W-CDMA signal quality, the measurements performed are: ErrorVector Magnitude, Carrier Feedthrough, and Scrambling Code.

The YBT250 provides several measurements of signal quality forcdma2000 1xEV--DO signals.

The measurements performed are:

Waveform Quality (Rho)

Error Vector Magnitude (EVM)

Data Constellation Type

PN Offset (PNOS)

Pilot Time Alignment Error (Tau)

You must have an appropriate Timing Reference input (Even Second

Clock) to measure PNOS and Timing Error.

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To measure signal quality:1. Select the appropriate 1xEV--DO Signal Standard.




5. Tap Signal Quality.6. Select Forward Link ( ).




directly or use the knob to change the channel number.See Figure 3--47.

Figure 3- 47: Signal Quality display for 1xEV- DO

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Pilot Rho and Pilot EVM are measured on the Pilot interval of 20half--slots. Since Pilot is always transmitted, these results areavailable on every signal measurement attempt.

Overall--1 Rho and Overall--1 EVM are measured on one completenon-idle slot (two half-slots). If a non-idle slot cannot be found in theacquired signal, the Overall--1 measurements are not made, and willbe marked ”--------” for that result update.

Waveform Quality (Rho)

The Waveform Quality measurement is an indication of how similarthe transmitted signal is to a perfect signal. Rho can vary between0.0 and 1.0, where 1.0 represents a perfect signal. There are two Rhomeasurements computed on a 1xEV--DO signal. Pilot Rho is onlycomputed on chips in the Pilot intervals of the waveform, similar toPilot--only Rho of cdmaOne and cdma2000. Overall--1 Rho iscomputed on all chips of one non--idle (active data) slot waveform,including pilot, MAC, and data intervals. Overall--1 Rho is only

computed when a non--idle slot is detected in the input signal.

Error Vector Magnitude (EVM)

Error Vector Magnitude is the RMS value of all the vectors thatextend from the ideal constellation points to the received signalconstellation points in a record of demodulated CDMA symbols,divided by the RMS value of the signal. This result is multiplied by100 to give a final value in percent. An EVM value of 0.0%

represents a perfect signal.There are two EVM measurements computed on a 1xEV--DO signal:

Pilot EVM is only computed on chips in the Pilot intervals of thewaveform.

Overall--1 EVM is computed on all chips of one non-idle (activedata) slot waveform, including pilot, MAC, and data intervals.Overall--1 EVM is only computed when a non-idle slot is

detected in the input signal.Data Constellation Type

Data Constellation Type identifies the constellation type used toencode the user data bits in the data interval of a non--idle slot.Constellation type can be QPSK, 8PSK or 16QAM.

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To display the Code Domain Power:1. Connect a signal to the YBT250 RF INPUT connector. See

page 2--24 for connection instructions.


3. Set the Signal Standard to the appropriate CDMA standard.


5. Tap Code Power . See Figure 3--49.

Figure 3- 49: cdmaOne Code Domain Power display


a. Tap the Channel button to display the channel number

keypad.

b. Specify the channel number. To display a list of all theavailable channels for the selected standard, tap List.

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Figure 3- 50: cdma2000 Code Domain Power display


a. Tap the Channel button to display the channel numberkeypad.

b. Specify the channel number. To display a list of all the

available channels for the selected standard, tap List.

c. From the Select Channel dialog box, select the channel todisplay and tap OK .

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Table 3-8: cdma2000 channel types

Displayed type Spreading factor Codes(s) Description

Forward Pilot 64 0 May appear as W128(0)

Tx Diversity Pilot/Traf-fic

128 16

Sync/Traffic 64 32 May appear as W128(32)

Paging/Traffic 64 1-7Quick Paging/Traffic 128 48, 80, 112

Traffic 4-128 0-127 Any active code not match-ing above Spreading Fac-tors or code numbers

Inactive 128 0-127 Power below threshold

Measuring W-CDMA Code Power


The Code Domain Power measurement for W-CDMA displaysgraphs that indicate the power on each Orthogonal VariableSpreading Factor (OVSF) code in the signal. Code Domain Power isdisplayed in two graphs. The bottom graph shows the Code Domain

Power in all OVSF codes; the top graph shows a zoomed in CodeDomain Power display of one fourth of the OVSF codes.

The horizontal scroll bar below the lower graph indicates the zoomrange of the upper graph; you can drag the horizontal scroll bar tochange the zoomed range of the upper graph. Also, you can tap apoint in either graph to move the marker to that point. If that point isnot shown in the zoom range, the zoom range will recenter aroundthat point.

The YBT250 displays the exact power on any specified code relativeto the Total Power or the Pilot Power (power in the P-CPICHchannel). You specify which signal to use as a reference for the CodePower on the Meter tab of the Setup window. The maximumspreading factor is also selected in the Setup window.

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To display the Code Domain Power graph:1. Connect a signal to the YBT250 RF INPUT connector. See



3. Select the appropriate W-CDMA Signal Standard.



Figure 3- 51: W-CDMA Code Domain Power display




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c. From the Select Channel dialog box, select the channel todisplay and tap OK .

7. To select which Code to measure:

a. Tap the text box by the OVSF code readout to assign theknob to OVSF code selection.

b. Or tap the full or zoomed graph to assign the knob to bothgraphs.

c. Set the number of the Code to be measured using the knobor the numeric keypad.

d. Or tap in the appropriate graph on the Code of interest.

Code Domain Power Readouts

Marker. Indicates and controls the position of the marker in the codedisplay graphs.

OVSF. Displays the detected spreading factor and code index for theOVSF code selected by the marker.

Power. Displays the measured power for the selected code based onthe detected spreading factor.

Scrambling Code. The detected primary scrambling code number.

Symbol Rate. Displays a calculated number equal to the chip rate

divided by the spreading factor.Type. Indicates the purpose of the selected code. See the followingtable.

Table 3-9: cdma2000 channel types

Displayed type Spreading factor Codes(s) Description

Primary Pilot 256 0 May appear as 512(0). This

is the P-CPICH channel.

Primary Control 256 1 This is the P-CCPCH chan-nel.

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Table 3- 9: cdma2000 channel types (Cont.)

Displayed type DescriptionCodes(s)Spreading factor

Traffic 4--512 0--511 Any active code not match-ing above Spreading Fac-tors or code numbers

Inactive 512 0--511 Power below threshold

NOTE . To display the power for a specific code, you may find it easier to tap the Marker: box and select a code by using the knobrather than tapping the graph.

In W-CDMA mode, the synchronization channels (P-SCH and S-SCH) are not assigned OVSF codes and therefore they will not appear in the Code Domain Power display. To see the power in thesync channels, see Measuring W-CDMA Pilot Power and SyncPowers on page 3--117.

Measuring cdma2k 1xEV- DO Code Power

Requires Option CDE, Demodulation for W-CDMA

The Code Domain Power measurement for 1xEV--DO displays agraph showing the power in each of the 64 MAC code channels,relative to the total power of the signal. The display shows the MACindex number in the horizontal axis, and the power of each codechannel level by the height of the corresponding bar.

In addition to the MAC Code Domain Power graph, numericreadouts of the minimum and maximum Data interval Code DomainPower values are displayed, when a slot with non-idle data content is

detected in the acquired signal. Data CDP minimum and maximumlevels can be compared to limits to detect signal errors. If nonon-idle half--slots are detected in an acquisition, Data Code Powerresults are set to ”----------”. ”

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To display the MAC Code Domain Power graph and Data CodeDomain Power results:



3. Select the 1xEV--DO Signal Standard.



Figure 3- 52: 1xEV- DO Code Domain Power display



b. Specify the channel number. To display a list of all theavailable channels for the selected standard, tap List. SeeFigure 3--53.

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Figure 3- 53: Displaying a list of the available channels

c. Select the channel to display and tap OK .

7. To select which MAC Channel Code to measure:

a. Tap the text box by the MAC Index readout to assign theknob to MAC channel code selection. (Or tap the graph toassign the knob to the graph.)

b. Set the number of the Code to be measured using the knobor the numeric keypad. (Or tap in the graph on the Code

of interest.)Code Domain Power Readouts

PN Offset. The “coarse” timing difference between the pilot channeland the even--second clock.

MAC Index. Displays the MAC index number of the selected code.

MAC Code Power. Displays the measured power for the selected code

with 0.1 dB resolution.

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Data Code Power Min and Max. Show the the minimum and maximumcode domain power values (of both real and imaginary components,relative to total signal power) in the set of 16 Walsh codes used inthe data portions of non-idle half slots.

NOTE . To display the power for a specific code, you may find it easier to tap the Code box and select a code by using the knob ratherthan tapping the graph.

Displaying a cdmaOne Codogram

Requires Option CD1, Demodulation for cdmaOne

A codogram displays how code levels change over time. Because thecodogram displays how code power changes over time, thecodogram makes it easier to spot faults and monitor traffic andhand-off activity over time.

To display a CDMA codogram.





5. Tap Codogram. See Figure 3--54.

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Figure 3- 54: cdmaOne Codogram display





c. In the Select Channel dialog box, select the channel todisplay and tap OK .

Hints


Select Updates... to change how often the codogram is updated.

To find the timestamp (displayed next to the Data Record box)for a specific data record in the Codogram, tap the Data Record

box. The cursor is a white band of the same height as a datarecord. Use the knob or numeric keypad to move the cursor so

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that it covers up the data record of interest. The time and date thedata was recorded is displayed to the right of the Data Recordbox.

You can save a codogram to a file every 80 records, by settingthe option on the Meter tab of the Setup window.

Displaying a cdma2000 Codogram

Requires Option CD2, Demodulation for cdma2000

A Codogram displays how code levels change over time. Becausethe Codogram displays how code power changes over time, theCodogram makes it easier to spot faults and interference. Forcdma2000 standards, the YBT250 displays two codograms, one byWalsh Code and one by bit-reversed code.

To display a CDMA codogram.



3. Set the Signal Standard to the appropriate cdma2000 standard.



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Figure 3- 55: cdma2000 Codogram display






Hints




box. The cursor is a white band of the same height as a datarecord. Use the knob or numeric keypad to move the cursor sothat it covers up the data record of interest.

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The time and date the data was recorded is displayed to the rightof the Data Record box.


Displaying a W-CDMA Codogram

Requires Option WD1, Demodulation for W-CDMAThe Codogram display shows changes in code power levels overtime. You can use it to monitor activity and spot faults andinterference during time intervals that you define.

For W-CDMA standards, the YBT250 displays two codograms, oneof all the OVSF codes and one zoomed in showing one-fourth of thepossible codes.

The horizontal scroll bar below the lower graph indicates the zoomrange of the upper graph; you can drag the horizontal scroll bar tochange the zoomed range of the upper graph. Also, you can tap apoint in either graph to move the marker to that point. If that point isnot shown in the zoom range, the zoom range will recenter aroundthat point.

To display a W-CDMA codogram.




3. Set the Signal Standard to the appropriate cdma2000 standard.



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Figure 3- 56: W-CDMA Codogram display





Hints




box. The cursor is a white band of the same height as a datarecord. Use the knob or numeric keypad to move the cursor so

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that it covers up the data record of interest. The time and date thedata was recorded is displayed to the right of the Data Recordbox.


Displaying a cdma2k 1xEV- DO Codogram

Requires Option CDE, Demodulation for cdma2k 1xEV- DO

A Codogram displays changes in code levels over time, making iteasier to spot and record intermittent faults and interference. For1xEV--DO signals, the YBT250 displays a codogram of the MACchannel codes.

To display a 1xEV--DO codogram:



3. Set the Signal Standard to cdma2k 1xEV--DO.



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Figure 3- 57: 1xEV- DO codogram display




c. In the Select Channel dialog box, select the channel todisplay and tap OK .

Hints




box. The cursor is a white band of the same height as a datarecord. Use the knob or numeric keypad to move the cursor sothat it covers up the data record of interest.

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The time and date the data was recorded is displayed to the rightof the Data Record box.


Automatically Saving the cdmaOne, cdma2000, 1xEV- DO,and W-CDMA Codogram Displays

You can set the YBT250 to automatically save the cdmaOne/ cdma2000, 1xEV--DO, and W--CDMA codogram displays each time80 records are accumulated. Files are automatically named as theyare saved, enabling unattended operation.

To automatically save the codogram display every 80 records:



Figure 3- 58: Meter tab of the setup window

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3. To automatically save or export after you’ve taken 80 records,tap the check box next to Auto Save or Auto Export.


The YBT250 will save the codogram display to a new file eachtime 80 data records are accumulated. The time required toaccumulate depends on the codogram update rate. Refer toTable 3--10 for the approximate file sizes for codograms.

Table 3- 10: Typical codogram file sizes

Signal standard Typical saved file size Typical exported file size

cdmaOnecdma2k1xEV--DO

8.5 kilobytes 25 kilobytes

cdma2000 40 kilobytes 124 kilobytes

W-CDMA1 92 kilobytes 317 kilobytes

1 These are typical file sizes for a maximum spreading factor of512, the highest possible setting.

Printing Trace Screens

While the Outdoor Viewing or Indoor Viewing color schemes are

well suited for viewing a trace screen on a color display (seeFigure 3--59), if you want to print a trace screen on a black and whiteprinter (for example, a laser printer), you should select either theMonochrome grays or Black on White for printer color scheme(Tools > Options > Preferences) for a better printout. When theMonochrome grays or Black on White for printer color scheme isused, a trace screen will appear with colors that are optimized forprinting on black and white printers.

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Figure 3- 59: Codogram displayed with Bright on White color scheme

After you have set the color scheme for Monochrome grays orBlack on White for printer , the trace screen will appear withaltered colors. Figure 3--60 is the same codogram as Figure 3--59except the color scheme has been set to Monochrome grays. Notethat in the Monochrome grays color scheme, the highest signal

level is the lightest color. But in the Dark on white color scheme,the lightest color is not the highest signal level. This distinction iseasily seen in the printed version of this manual, though not in thePDF version which shows what a color display would look like.

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Figure 3- 60: Codogram displayed with Monochrome grays colorscheme

Measuring cdmaOne and cdma2000 Pilot Power

Requires Option CD1, Demodulation for cdmaOne or Option CD2,Demodulation for cdma2000

The Pilot Power measurement displays the amount of transmittedpower in the CDMA pilot code (Walsh code 0). It can be measuredon signals with any combination of active codes. The YBT250displays the Pilot Power, Channel Power and the difference betweenpilot and total.

To measure Pilot Power:






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5. Tap Pilot Power . See Figure 3--61.

Figure 3-61: A typical Pilot Power display





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Measuring W-CDMA Pilot Power and Sync PowersRequires Option WD1, Demodulation for W-CDMA

Pilot power is the power in the P-CPICH channel. Sync power ispower in the P-SCH and S-SCH channels.

To measure Pilot Power and Sync Powers:



3. Set the Signal Standard to the appropriate W-CDMA standard.


5. Tap Pilot Power . See Figure 3--62.

Figure 3- 62: A typical W-CDMA Pilot Power display

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Measuring W-CDMA ACLRRequires Option WR1, RF Measurements for W-CDMA

ACLR (Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio) is the ratio of the meansignal power in the assigned channel (5 MHz bandwidth) to themean power in an adjacent channel of equal bandwidth. To simulatethe filter response of a receiver, a Root Raised Cosine (RRC) filterresponse with an equivalent noise bandwidth of 3.84 MHz is appliedbefore computing the mean power of each channel.

Four adjacent channels, the two closest on either side of the assignedchannel, are measured: the Upper1/Lower1 adjacent channels arecentered 5 MHz above and below the assigned channel center, andthe Upper2/ Lower2 channels are 10 MHz above and below theassigned channel center.

Each ACLR result is computed by subtracting the correspondingadjacent channel filtered power value from the assigned channel

filtered power. The ACLR measurement page displays the fourACLR results for the Lower and Upper adjacent channels, as well asthe filtered channel power for the assigned channel and the adjacentchannels. ACLR values increase with improved signal leakagesuppression, so larger positive values are better.

To measure ACLR:



3. Set the Signal Standard to the appropriate W-CDMA standard.

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4. Tap Select Measurement.5. Tap ACLR. See Figure 3--63.

Figure 3- 63: A typical ACLR display

Taking and Displaying Multiple Measurements at OnceUsing the Sequencer (Button 4)

On the Sequencer screen (tap button 4), you can view the currentreadouts for multiple measurements at the same time. Thesemeasurements include the numeric results that you could otherwiseview one at a time on the Measurement screen (button 1). TheYBT250 application sequences through each of the measurements

that you designate and it summarizes the results on the Sequencerscreen. See Figure 3--64.

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Figure 3- 64: Sequencer display

To select which measurements to take and display on the Sequencerscreen:

1. From the drop-down box, select the standard of interest.

2. Tap the Select Measurements button. The Select Measurementsdialogue box appears. The list of measurements possible dependson the standard you selected.

3. Select or clear the measurements in the list to display only themeasurements of interest to you.

4. Tap OK .

The Sequencer screen shows each measurement type you selected

(such as RF Power and Carrier Frequency) in a gray bar. Beneatheach measurement type, the measurement readouts are displayed. Aseach measurement type is updated, the measurement type heading ishighlighted in reverse video. Any out--of--limit conditions areindicated by a red block with an up or down arrow. Messages mayappear in the gray bar indicating any abnormal conditions.

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You can save different sets of selected measurements for eachstandard and then recall these sequences later for reuse. To save ameasurement sequence, tap Setup > Save..., enter a name, and tapOK .

You can use the file menu to save, export, or print the numericSequencer data, including error information and the timestamp (thetime of the last individual measurement taken). Note that if youexport a screen, a picture of only what shows on the screen will be

exported. If there is a scroll bar visible, then some measurementresults are hidden and are not exported. To avoid this problem,choose Export Results As..., or scroll down and export a secondview of the screen.

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Saving, Exporting, and Recalling Results, Traces and Settings


Saving Measurement ResultsThe YBT250 enables you to save a measurement result to a file forlater recall. Saving measurement results is meant for use inreproducing a Measure display on the YBT250 at a later time.Recalling a saved file allows you to use markers (if available for themeasurement) to further analyze the result. When results arerecalled, they appear in the display just as they did when saved. Touse measurement data results in another program for analysis or

generating a report, use the Export Results function; seepage 3--127.

To save measurement results:

1. Take the measurement you want to save.

2. Select File > Save Results As (Save Results appears only whenthe Measure window is selected; Save Trace appears when theSpectrum and Interference windows are selected.).

3. Select the folder where you want to save the results.

4. Type a name for the file. Tap , in the taskbar, to display the

soft keyboard. Tap again to hide the keyboard when you arefinished.

5. Tap OK to save the file.

What is Saved in a Measurement Results File

The following information is saved in the results file for eachincluded measurement:

Name of the measurement

Measurement results and units

Pass/fail status of the measurement (if limit testing is enabled)

Time and date of the measurement

Additional information saved in a results file includes:

Technician name

User notes

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Setup information that is visible in the results display Error information (if errors were present)

GPS coordinates (Refer to page 2--50 for GPS set upinformation.)

Recalling Measurement Results

You can recall saved measurement results for display. When savedmeasurement results are displayed, the display appears just as it didwhen the measurement was saved except for the status area of thecontrol bar.

To recall measurement results for display:

1. Select File > Open.

2. Locate the directory that contains the measurement results file

(the default is \BuiltInDisk\YBT250\AppData\Results).

3. Select the results file to recall and tap OK . See Figure 3--65.

4. To restart measurements, tap the Run button ( ).

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Saved Data icon indicates recalledresults are displayed

Date and time resultwas saved

To restart acquisition,tap the Run button

Figure 3-65: Example of a Recalled Result display

When a recalled measurements file is displayed, the Saved Data iconis displayed at the top of the screen, next to the time and date the file

was saved.

You can view the various properties of the trace file by selectingFile > Results Properties (see Figure 3--66).

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Figure 3- 66: Results File Properties dialog box

Exporting Measurement Results

The YBT250 can save measurement results in a file for use in otherapplications, such as Microsoft Excel. The YBT250 exports files astab-separated or comma-separated files. Files that use tabs toseparate data fields are saved with a “txt” extension. Files that usecommas to separate data fields are saved with a “csv” extension.

To export measurement results:

1. Select File > Export Results.

2. Select a file format from the Type list.



4. Choose the location where the file should be saved.


Figure 3--67 shows an exported results file.

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Name Value Units Pass/Fail

Screen Name RF Power

Signal Standard CDMA US Cellular

Timestamp 8/6/02 12:39:46 PM

Channel 1

Channel Forward/ReverseForward

Frequency (Hz) 870030000

Technician Chiana

Notes for saved resultsMain Array

Freq Ref Internal

External Reference Frequency: ----- Hz

Message

GPS Position 42 50 33.5S, 147 18 30.5E

Reference Channel 3

Mask Test Enable (idle) : False

RF Channel Power: -13.1 dBm

RF Channel Power: 0.000049200 W

Ref Channel Power: -13.3 dBm

Difference: 0.2 dB

Message

Figure 3- 67: Sample Exported Results file

NOTE . The Technician name and User notes are entered from the Save & Export page of the Setup dialog; see page 2--45.

Exporting a Screen

The YBT250 can export an image of the screen for use in otherprograms such as Microsoft Word. An exported screen is a graphicimage of the YBT250 display. A screen can be saved in threeformats: BMP, JPEG and PNG. An exported screen cannot be

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displayed by the YBT250, it can be viewed only by a program thatcan display graphic images.

To export a screen image:

1. Select File>Export Screen As....

2. Select the image format from the Type list.



4. Choose the location where the file should be saved.


Saving a Trace

A saved trace contains an array of numbers that represent a displayedspectral graph. Saved traces are useful for sending to someonethrough email, recalling for later display, or printing a hardcopy at alater time. Saving a trace is identical to saving results, except that atrace or traces are included as part of the result.

To save a trace using an automatically generated filename:

Select File>Save Trace.

To save a trace with a filename you enter:

1. Select File>Save Trace As.....



3. Choose the location where the file should be saved (the default is

\BuiltInDisk\YBT250\AppData\Results).

4. Tap OK to save the trace.

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Recalling a TraceTo recall a trace for display:

1. Select File > Open.

2. Locate the directory that contains the saved trace file (the defaultis \BuiltInDisk\YBT250\AppData\Results).

3. Select the trace file to recall and tap OK .

When a recalled trace is displayed, the Saved Data icon appears atthe top of the display and the time and date the file was saved is alsodisplayed. See Figure 3--68.

Date and time tracewas saved

Saved Data icon indicatesrecalled results are displayed

Figure 3-68: Example of a Recalled Trace display

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Table 3 - 11: Differences between exported screens and traces

File type Menu commandRead by otherprograms File format

Exported Screen Export Screen As... Yes BMP, JPEGPNG

Saved Trace Save Trace No binary1

Save Trace As... No binary1

Exported Trace Export Trace As... Yes tab or comma-separated text

1Binary files can be read only by the YBT250

BMP is an uncompressed format and uses a lot of space, butmaintains sharp images. JPEG is a compressed format and uses far

less space than BMP, but can blur lines and text. PNG is a com-pressed format and maintains sharp lines and text. Table 3--12compares the relative features of each of the export file formats.

Table 3- 12: Comparison of file formats for exporting screens

Format Export speed File Size Quality

BMP Medium Large Very Good

JPEG Very Slow Medium Medium/Poor

PNG Fast Small Good

An exported trace file contains information about the YBT250settings and data that represents the trace. Figure 3--69 shows anexample of an exported trace saved as a tab-separated text file. The

numbers at the end (following “Trace 1 data”) represent the datapoints of the trace on the display. To save space, only a few numbersare shown in this example.

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Name Value Units Pass/Fail

Screen Name Spectrum

Signal Standard CDMA US Cellular

Timestamp 8/6/02 12:41:13 PM

Channel 1

Channel Forward/Reverse Forward

Frequency (Hz) 870030000

Technician Aeryn Sun

Notes for saved results

Freq Ref InternalExternal Reference Frequency: ----- Hz

Message

GPS Position Disabled

Span (Hz) 100000000

Start Freq (Hz) 820030000

Stop Freq (Hz) 920030000

Reference Level (dBm) 1

dB/div 10

Trace 1 mode Normal

Trace 2 On TrueTrace 2 Source Live

Trace 2 Live mode Normal

Mask Test Enabled False

Mask Filename

Mask Limit Test Pass

Trace 1 data Trace 2 data

-75.1 -75.1

-85.5 -85.5

-75.9 -75.9-74.6 -74.6

.....

-75.1 -75.1

Figure 3-69: Example of an Exported Trace file

Saving Setups

The YBT250 can save its settings in Setup files for later recall.Recalling a saved setup changes the YBT250 settings to match thosein the saved setup. Using saved setups minimizes your setup time inthe field and helps to ensure more consistent measurement results.For example, you could save a setup for taking a Channel Power

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When Hide Setup controls is selected, tapping the Edit button( ) displays the Open dialog box instead of the Setup window.

This allows the user to select a saved setup for recall, but not to editany settings or save any setups. Additionally, when Hide Setupcontrols is selected, the Setup > Edit and Setup > Save menu itemsare disabled.

Enabling Changes to Saved Setups

If setup controls have been hidden, you cannot create new setupfiles. You must show setup controls so you can create new setupfiles.

To show setup controls:

1. Select Tools>Options... .

2. Select the Setup Menu tab. See Figure 3--70.

3. Select Show Setup Controls.

Once setup controls are visible, you can create new setup files.

Specifying the List of Saved Setups

The YBT250 enables you to specify the list of saved setups thatappears in the Setup menu. You can choose to list either the 10 mostrecently used saved setups or display a custom list of setups. A custom list of saved setups provides consistent and quick access to astandard group of setup files.

To specify the list of setups in the Setup menu:

1. Copy or move all the setup files you want to listed in the Setupmenu to the \BuiltInDisk\YBT250\AppData\Settings folder. TheYBT250 will allow you to select only setups located in the

\BuiltInDisk\YBT250\AppData\Settings folder for display in theSetup menu.

2. Select Tools > Options... .3. Select the Setup Menu tab. See Figure 3--71.

4. To display the 10 most recently used saved setups in the Setupmenu, select 10 most-recently used saved Setups.

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Figure 3- 71: Specifying the List of Setups

5. To display only a selected list of saved setups, select Custom

List.

a. Select a setup from the list on the left and tap Add>> toadd the selected setup to the Setup menu.

b. Select additional setups until you have selected all thesetups you want in the Setup menu. (You can select up to10 setups to appear in the Setup menu.)

To remove a setup from the Setup menu list, select the setupto remove from the Setup menu List window and tap<<Remove.

6. Once you have selected all the setups you want listed in the Setupmenu, tap OK .

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Appendices

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YBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester User Manual A- 1

Appendix A: Specifications

This section lists the electrical, environmental, and physicalspecifications of the YBT250 Field Transmitter & InterferenceTester. All specifications are guaranteed unless labeled “typical”.Typical specifications are provided for your convenience and are not

guaranteed.The specifications in this section apply to the YBT250 module,unless otherwise specified. For NetTek Analyzer Platform specifica-tions, please refer to the NetTek Analyzer Platform User Manual.

Table A- 1: General characteristics

RF input characteristics Description

Input Frequency Range 30 MHz -- 2500 MHz

Input Impedance 50 ohms (nominal)

Signal Amplitude forModulation Measurements

--50 dBm to +30 dBm for CW-like or peak envelopepower

Measurements may be outside this range but accuracyis not guaranteed.

Signal Amplitude forSpectral Display

CW or peak envelope power

Standard --114 dBm to +30 dBm, 30 MHz to 2500 MHz

Option IN1 --134 dBm to +30 dBm, 100 MHz to 2000 MHz

--132 dBm to +30 dBm, 2000 MHz to 2200 MHz

--129 dBm to +30 dBm, 2200 MHz to 2500 MHz, typical

Levels apply only when using 100 kHz span

(1 kHz resolution bandwidth)

Input Overload Detect >1 W (+30 dBm) CW or peak envelope power

Maximum Input Power withoutDamaging Instrument

50 W CW or peak envelope power

Coupling AC for all measurements and spectral display modes

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A- 2 YBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester User Manual

Table A- 1: General characteristics (Cont.)

RF input characteristics Description

Working Voltage ≥ 15 V (DC + peak AC)

Spurious Input Signals To meet modulation measurement specifications:

(Total power of interest -- Total power in spurious) >35 dB

or

(Center frequency of signal of interest -- centerfrequency of spurious signal) > 1.4 MHz

and

(Total power of interest -- Total power in all spurious)≥

--3 dB

External Reference InputCharacteristics Description

Impedance 50 ohms (nominal)

Frequency Range Any multiple of 1 MHz up to 15 MHz inclusive, ± 10 ppm

Any multiple of 1.2288 MHz up to 19.6608 MHzinclusive, ± 10 ppm

2.048 MHz ± 10 ppm

4.8 MHz ± 10 ppm

Level Range --15 dBm to +15 dBm

Maximum Input Level withoutDamage Instrument

± 3 V peak continuous

Coupling AC

Working Voltage 3 V (DC + pk. AC)

Lock Time < 15 secondsEven Second Clock InputCharacteristics Description

Impedance 10 kΩ

Minimum High Threshold 2.0 V

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Table A- 2: Measurement characteristics (Cont.)

Measurement Description

RF Channel Power Measures the average RF power in a user-definedchannel. The default value of channel bandwidth is takenfrom the selected standard. The acceptable values forchannel numbers are taken from the selected standard.The user can input channel center frequency instead ofchannel number.

Units Watts (W)

dBm

Resolution 3 significant digits for W

0.1 dB for dBm units

Accuracy ± 0.75 dB: --20 dBm to +30 dBm, ± 0.5 dB typical

± 1.25 dB: --80 dBm to --20 dBm, ± 1.0 dB typicalReference Information:

Accuracy is guaranteed for input signals between --80and +30 dBm total power (CW or peak envelope).Accuracy specification is typical down to --120 dBm totalpower.

RF Power(GSM/EDGE)

Measures the average RF power of the useful part of aGSM or EDGE burst (GMSK or 8--PSK modulation), as

determined by the location of the burst TrainingSequence.

Units dBm

Resolution 0.01 dB for dBm units

Accuracy For GSM or EDGE (GMSK or 8--PSK modulation) burstsignals, the RF power shall be measured with anaccuracy as follows:

± 1.0 dB: --20 dBm to +30 dBm, ± 0.75 dB typical

± 1.5 dB: --80 dBm to --20 dBm, ± 1.25 dB typical

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Table A - 2: Measurement characteristics (Cont.)


Reference Information:

Burst timing is determined from the location of the burstTraining Sequence. If Burst timing cannot be found, thepower measurement will be done on an arbitrarilyselected segment of the signal equal to the useful part of

a slot.RF Power(1xEV--DO)

Measures the RF power in the Pilot, MAC, and Dataintervals of a 1xEV-D0 timeslot.

Units dBm

Resolution 0.01 for dBm units

Accuracy For burst signals, the RF power shall be measured withan accuracy as set forth in the following list:

± 1.0 dB: --20 dBm to +30 dBm, ± 0.75 dB typical

± 1.5 dB: --80 dBm to --20 dBm, ± 1.25 dB typical

RF Channel Carrier Frequency Measures the frequency of the carrier in the userselected channel. The user can enter either a channelnumber or frequency.

Units MegaHertz (MHz)

Resolution 1 Hz

Accuracy ± (10 Hz + Time Base Error), 99% confidence interval

W-CDMA:

± (12 Hz + Time Base Error), 99% confidence interval

Note: Carrier frequency must be within 10 kHz ofexpected value, except:

W-CDMA: Must be within 5 kHz

IS-136: Must be within 1.5 kHz

1xEV--DO: Must be within 5 kHz

GSM/EDGE: Must be within 5 kHz

W-CDMA 3GPP Test Model 4

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FM Deviation Measures the maximum one-side frequency deviation ofthe analog FM cellular carrier selected by the user afterdemodulation. The user can enter either a channelnumber or frequency.

Units KiloHertz (kHz)

Resolution 0.1 kHz

Accuracy ± 10% 2 kHz ≤ Deviation ≤ 10 kHz

Maximum measurable deviation is 15 kHz peak.

Maximum modulation frequency is 3 kHz.

PN Offset Measures the PN Offset of the cdmaOne orcdma2000--1x signal. The user can select the CDMAsignal of interest by a channel number or frequency.

Units PN Index

Resolution 1 PN Index

Each PN Index is 64 chips

Accuracy Displayed PN Index must match PN Offset of CDMAsignal.

Pilot Time Alignment Error (Tau) Measures the time offset between the PN sequence of

the input signal and the External Even Second Clock.Units Microsecond (µs)

Chips

Resolution 0.1 µs

1 chip

Accuracy ± 250 ns typical

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Waveform Quality (Rho, ρ) Measures waveform quality as defined by IS-97-D usinga “pilot-only” CDMA (or cdma2000--1x) signal.

cdmaOne and cdma2000:Measures waveform quality as defined byIS--97--D using a “pilot--only” CDMA (or

cdma2000--1x) signal.

1xEV--DO:Measures Rho--pilot as defined by C.S0032“Minimum Performance Standards forHRPD Access Network”

Units None

Resolution 0.0001

Accuracy ± 0.005 0.9 ≥ ρ ≥ 1.0

Usable range 0.5 ≥ ρ ≥ 1.0


For cdmaOne an d cdma2000, the Rho measurement asgiven in IS--97--D is only specified for a “pilot--only”CDMA signal. The accuracy specification given hereapplies only to measurements made using the “Pilotonly, no other codes active on input signal” method. Formeasurements made on signal that are not “pilot--only,”see the Estimated Waveform Quality measurement.

For measurements made on signal that are not“pilot-only”, see the Estimated Waveform Qualitymeasurement.

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Estimated Waveform Quality Measures waveform quality as defined by IS-97-D usingany CDMA signal.

Units None

Resolution 0.0001

Accuracy ± 0.01 for rho>= 0.9, typicalReference Information:

The Rho measurement as given in IS-97-D is onlyspecified for a “pilot-only” CDMA signal. This measure-ment makes an estimate of the Rho value on any CDMAsignal.

CDMA Error Vector Magnitude The normalized RMS of all of the vectors that extendfrom the intended constellation points to the actualsymbol points in a record of symbols

Units Percent

Resolution 0.01%

Accuracy Degradation due to adjacent channel CDMA carriers(having equivalent power): add 10%.

cdmaOne and cdma2000:

±1%; EVM ≤ 31%

Residual error:

5% < 1000 MHz

7% < 2000 MHz

W-CDMA:

±2.5%; 12.5% ≤ EVM ≤ 22.5%

Residual error:

6% < 1000 MHz

8% < 2500 MHz

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The EVM measurement differs from the traditionalmethod in that it is normalized by the average powerrather than by maximum constellation power. Thismesurement is accurate for both pilot-only and in-service

CDMA signals.


Code Domain Power Measures the power in each of the Walsh codes used ina CDMA signal.

Units dB relative to Pilot Power (except 1xEV --DO)

dB relative to Total Power

Resolution 0.1 dB (all except 1xEV --DO Data CDP)0.01 dB (1xEV--DO Data CDP)

Accuracy cdmaOne and cdma2000:± 1 dB Code domain power level > --20 dB relative tototal power, using the recommended TIA/EIA-IS-97-Dpilot level of --7.0 dB (20%) relative to total power.

W--CDMA:± 1 dB Code domain power level > --20 dB relative to

total power, using W-CDMA 3GPP Test Model 3.

1xEV--DO:MAC: ± 1 dB code domain power level > --20 dB relativeto total power in MAC intervalData: ± 0.5 dB for non--idle slot data


± 2.5 dB for --27 dB < CDP< --20 dB relative to total

power (band classes 0--9 for cdmaOne, cdma2000 and1xEV--DO)

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A-10 YBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester User Manual



Carrier Feedthrough Measures the offset of the constellation from zero power.

Units dB relative to Pilot Power (all except 1xEV--DO)

Resolution 0.1 dB

Accuracy cdmaOne and cdma2000: ± 2 dB

Residual floor: --50 dBc


For cdmaOne and cdma2000, the carrier feedthroughmeasurement is valid only for a pilot-only signal.

Pilot Power Measures the absolute power of the pilot. It is madewithout regard to whether other codes are present.(P-CPICH for W-CDMA.)

Units dBm, Watts (W)

Resolution 0.1 dB

Accuracy ± 1 dB, --20 dBm to +30 dBm

± 1.5 dB, --50 dBm to --20 dBm



Sync Power Measures the absolute power of the W-CDMA syncchannel (SCH). It is made without regard to whetherother codes are present.

Units dBm, Watts (W)

Resolution 0.1 dB

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YBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester User Manual A-11



Occupied Bandwidth The occupied bandwidth measurement gives thefrequency bandwidth within which 99% of the powertransmitted on a single channel lies. This measurementcan be properly made only if the channel beingmeasured has no channels adjacent to it.

Units Hertz (Hz)Resolution Three significant digits

Accuracy 5% of the reading, typical

Adjacent Channel Leakagepower Ratio (ACLR)(W-CDMA)

Measures the ratios of the mean RRC filtered power inthe 5 MHz BW assigned channel to the mean RRCfiltered power in each of the nearest 5 MHz BW 1st and2nd adjacent upper and lower channels. Adjacentchannel centers are offset in multiples of 5 MHz from the

assigned channel center. User can input channel centerfrequency instead of channel number.

Units dB

Resolution 0.01 dB

Accuracy ± 1.5 dB, 20 ≤ ACLR < 48 dB, typical± 2.5 dB, 48 ≤ ACLR < 53 dB, typical--30 dBm to +20 dBm (power in assigned channel)


WCDMA Test Model 1 signal (3G PP TS25.141). Filterresponse is Root-Raised Cosine (RRC), alpha=0.22,3.84 MHz noise BW (3GPP TS25.104).

GSM/EDGE Error VectorMagnitude

Error Vector Magnitude is the normalized RMS value ofall of the vectors that extend from the intendedconstellation points to the actual symbol points in arecord of symbols. The EVM measurement is made over

one GSM or EDGE burst.Units Percent

Resolution 0.01%

Accuracy(8-PSK only)

± 1.5%, 4% ≤ EVM < 10%Residual error: 4.0%

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GSM/EDGE Phase Error Phase Error is the RMS value of the differences betweenthe phase angles of the received signal and those of anideal reconstructed signal. The Phase Error measure-ment is made over one GSM or EDGE burst.

Units Degrees

Resolution 0.01

Accuracy(GMSK only)

± 1.0, 2 ≤ Phase Error < 12

Residual error: 2.0

GSM/EDGE Origin Offset Origin Offset is the ratio of unmodulated signal power tomodulated signal power. The unmodulated signalcomponent causes the signal constellation center to beoffset from the ideal location. The Origin Offsetmeasurement is made over one GSM or EDGE burst.

Units dB

Resolution 0.01 dB

Range --15 dB to --60 dB

GSM/EDGE Carrier to Interfer-ence (C/I)

Carrier to Interference (C/I) is the ratio of desired signal(carrier) to undesired signal (interference). The C/Imeasurement is derived from the EVM result and givesan estimate of the power-based C/I value. The C/I

measurement is made over one GSM or EDGE burst.Units dB

Resolution 0.01 dB

Range 0 dB to 50 dB


C/I is derived from EVM using the following equation:C/I = --20 * log10( EVM/100 )

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GSM/EDGE RF Power vs Time Power vs Time displays the normalized signal envelopepower over one GSM or EDGE burst.

Units Time Axis:SymbolsMicroseconds

Resolution Time Axis:1 symbol1 microsecond

Time uncertainty ±0.2 symbol±0.8 microsecond


Burst to mask alignment is derived from the location of

the Training Sequence in the useful part of the burst.

Table A- 3: Spectral analysis characteristics

Characteristic Description

Measurement Frequency Sets the measurement frequency of the display. Themeasurement frequency can be set by either entering aspecific frequency or by selecting a channel number.

Units MegaHertz (MHz)

Channel Number

Resolution 1 kHz

1 channel

Range 30 MHz to 2500 MHz

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Table A- 3: Spectral analysis characteristics (Cont.)


Frequency Span Sets the frequency range covered by the spectraldisplay.

Units KiloHertz (kHz)

MegaHertz (MHz)

Resolution 1 kHzRange 10 kHz to 2470 MHz, continuously variable or 1--2--5

steps

Resolution Bandwidth (RBW) Width of the resolution bandwidth filter

Units Hertz (Hz)

KiloHertz (kHz)

MegaHertz (MHz)Resolution Uses 1--3 steps to cover the range

Range 100 Hz to 6 MHz

Instrument automatically sets RBW. The RBW is set asa combination of 1--3 steps at the 1, 2, 5 span settings,and a linear range between 1, 2, 5 span settings, for anominal value of approximately Span/125.

Reference Level The power level indicated by the top line of the spectraldisplay

Units dBm

Resolution 1 dB

Range --100 dBm to +30 dBm

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Spectral Display Amplitude

Units dB relative to Reference Level

Resolution 0.1 dB

Range 100 Hz to 1 MHz

Accuracy

Standard ± 1.25 dB, --20 dBm to +30 dBm

± 2.0 dB, --80 dBm to --20 dBm

± 2.75 dB, --104 dBm to --80 dBm

Option IN1 ± 1.25 dB, --20 dBm to +30 dBm

± 2.0 dB, --80 dBm to --20 dBm

± 2.75 dB, --120 dBm to --80 dBm

Reference Information (applies to Standard andOption IN1 Accuracy):

Spectral display accuracy performance is specifiedover the following range:

± 5 dB --134 dBm < Input < --120 dBm

Accuracy specs apply only for spans less than1000 MHz, and to CW-like signals

The amplitude accuracy for Noise-like signals isdegraded when averaging is turned on. This isapproximately a 2.5 dB degradation due to theaveraging being done after the logging instead ofbefore. Any accuracy for noise-like signals using amarker will be impacted greatly by the user notnecessarily knowing the effective IF noise bandwidth,and less so by this error. Therefore it is recommendedthat the user utilize power measurement routinesinstead of markers for any noise-like signals.

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Vertical Scale Factor

Units 1 dB to 10 dB in 1 dB increments

Display Modes Normal -- updates display with each new result

Max Hold -- updates displayed point only if new point >

old point

Min Hold -- updates displayed point only if new point <old point

Max/Min Hold -- displays a bar between Max Hold andMin Hold

Average -- displays average of N (specified by user)results


Average is calculated as follows -- The last N valuesare saved in memory; when a new result is available,the earliest result of the N stored values is discarded,the new average is calculated from the stored values. Ifthe number of results is less than N, then all of theresults are averaged together.

Number of Averages 1≤N≤99

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Spurious Free DynamicRange (external signalrelated)

> 70 dB, except 2nd harmonic > 60 dB typical

Residual Spurious Signals --125 dBm at BTS Rx frequencies (776--794, 806--849,872--940, 1453--1465, 1525--1549, 1710--1785,

1840--1910,1920--1980) MHz and GPS frequencies(L1 1570.3 -- 1580.5, L2 1222.5--1232.8, L51171.4--1181.6) MHz

--115 dBm at BTS Tx frequencies (746--764, 832--834,840--960, 1477--1513, 1805--1880, 1930--1990,2110--2170) MHz

--95 dBm at frequencies not listed above, except from1155 to 1168 MHz: --20 dBm in spans above 10 MHz,

1155 MHz to 1175 MHz

Table A - 4: Interference analysis characteristics


Modulation Identification Attempts to display the type of modulation

present on a signal identified by the user.Input Signal Level --114 dBm minimum for all signal types

+30 dBm maximum for CW or peakenvelope power

Carrier Frequency See RF Carrier Frequency on page A--5for specifications

Power in Bandwidth See RF Channel Power on page A--4 for

specificationsModulation Type The types of modulation identified are

those listed in Appendix Signal StandardsSupported .

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Table A- 4: Interference analysis characteristics (Cont.)


Noise Floor Measurement Measures the interference power that iscoming into the receiver antenna for anystandard. Measurement defaults to uplinkchannel when specified by channelnumber.

Units dBmResolution 0.1 dB

Accuracy ± 3 dB typical

AM Demodulation Provides an audio output signal after AMdemodulation of the user-selected signal

Measurement Frequency 30 MHz to 2500 MHz with 1 kHz resolu-tion

Input Signal Level --100 dBm minimum

Measurement Bandwidth 8 kHz

Audio Output Bandwidth 4 kHz

Run Time 4 seconds per activation

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FM Demodulation Provides an audio output signal after FMdemodulation of the user-selected signal



Maximum Signal Deviation Up to 100 kHz

Measurement Bandwidth 8 kHz, 15 kHz, 75 kHz, 200 kHz;Selected by user

Audio Output Bandwidth 4 kHz for Measurement BW = 8 kHz,15 kHz

15 kHz for Measurement BW = 75 kHz,200 kHz

Run Time 4 seconds per activation

Signal Strength Indicator Provides an audio tone and a visualdisplay that vary with the strength of theselected signal


>--60 dB, from any other signal


Measurement Bandwidth Up to 10 MHz, dependent on span setting

Span 1 kHz to 100 MHz with 1 kHz resolution

Signal Strength Indicator Range >--60 dB from Reference Level setting

Tone Type Variable Beep Rate, based on signalstrength

Variable Frequency, based on signalstrength

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W--CDMA Scrambling Code Analyzer Detects scrambling codes and pilotchannel power levels of received co-chan-nel W--CDMA downlink signals

Input Signal Range --117 to +30 dBm, typical

Units Io, Ec -- dBm

Ec/Io -- dB

Resolution 0.1 dB

Accuracy Ec:±2 dB for Ec ≥ --102 dBm and

Ec/Io ≥ --12 dB, typical

±3 dB for Ec ≥ --112 dBm andEc/Io ≥ --14 dB, typical

Display Controls Sort by Power (descending Ec value)

Sort by Scrambling Code (ascending SCindex)

Lock (fix) current Scrambling Code set

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Table A- 5: Environmental characteristics


Temperature Range

Operating 0 C to +50 C specified performance,--10 C to +50 C typical

Nonoperating --40 C to +60 C

HumidityOperating 5% to 95% Relative Humidity (RH),

noncondensing: up to +30 C

5% to 45% Relative Humidity (RH),noncondensing: +30 C up to +50 C

Nonoperating 5% to 95% Relative Humidity (RH),noncondensing: up to +30 C

5% to 45% Relative Humidity (RH),noncondensing: +30 C up to +50 C

Altitude

Operating Up to 4,600 m (15,092 ft.)

Nonoperating Up to 15,240 m (50,000 ft.)

Table A- 6: Physical characteristics


Dimensions Height: 25 cm. (9.75 in)Width: 33 cm. (13 in)Depth: 9 cm. (3.5 in)

Weight 1.42 kg (3.125 lbs), YBT250 module only

4.10 kg (9 lbs), NetTek Analyzer Platform only,with one battery

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Table A- 7: Miscellaneous characteristics


Battery Life

One battery installed 2 hours with measurements active

4 hours in suspend mode

Two batteries installed 4 hours with measurements active

8 hours in suspend mode

Recommended Calibration Interval 2 years

Table A- 8: Safety compliance

Category Standards or description

SafetyCompliance

ANSI/ISA S82.02.01Safety Standard for Electrical and Electronic Test,Measuring, Controlling, and Related Equipment.

CAN/CSA C22.2 No. 1010.1Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment forMeasurement, Control, and Laboratory Use.

EN 61010-1

Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment forMeasurement, Control, and Laboratory Use.

IEC61010-1Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment forMeasurement, Control, and Laboratory Use.

UL3111-1Standard for Electrical Measuring and Test Equipment.

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Table A- 9: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)

Category Standards or description

EC Declaration ofConformity -- EMC

Meets the intent of Directive 89/336/EEC for ElectromagneticCompatibility. Compliances were demonstrated usingEN 61326:1997 EMC Product Family Standard for ElectricalEquipment for Measurement, Control and Laboratory use.

Emissions 1

EN 61326 2 Class A Radiated and Conducted EmissionsEN 61000-3-2 (A14) Conducted Power Line Harmonic CurrentEN 61000-3-3 Voltage Changes, Fluctuations, and Flicker.

Immunity 1, 3

IEC 61000-4-2 Electrostatic Discharge Immunity,Performance Criterion “B”

IEC 61000-4-3 4 Radiated RF Electromagnetic Field Immunity,

Performance Criterion “A”IEC 61000-4-4 Electrical Fast Transient/Burst Immunity

Performance Criterion “B”IEC 61000-4-5 Power Line Surge Immunity,

Performance Criterion “B”IEC 61000-4-6 4 Conducted RF Immunity,

Performance Criterion “A”IEC 61000-4-11 Voltage Dips and Short Interruptions

Immunity, Performance Criterion “B”

Australia/New ZealandDeclaration ofConformity -- EMC

Complies with EMC Framework and demonstrated per Emissionstandard:

AS/NZS 2064 Industrial, Scientific, and Medical Equipment

1 Compliance demonstrated using high quality, shielded interface cables.

2 Emissions that exceed the limits of the standard may occur when the instrument isconnected to a device under test.

3 Minimum immunity test requirement.4 Residual spurious signals can increase to --70 dBm with exposure to the disturbance

levels of this test.

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YBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester User Manual B- 1

Appendix B: Accessories

This section lists the YBT250 Field Transmitter & InterferenceTester standard and optional accessories.

Standard AccessoriesTable B--1 lists the accessories that come standard with yourYBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester.

Table B- 1: Standard accessories

Quantity Part number Description

2 200-0678-00 BNC Connector Cover1 200-4696-00 N Connector Cover

1 016-1868-00 Spacer

1 020-2464-XX User manual, English, with CD-ROMcontaining YBT250 Field Transmitter &Interference Tester software and UserManual in PDF format.

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B- 2 YBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester User Manual

Optional AccessoriesTable B--2 lists optional accessories you can purchase for yourYBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester. Contact yourTektronix representative or distributor for ordering information. Seepage xv for further information on contacting Tektronix.

Table B- 2: Optional accessories

Part number Description

012-0114-00 Low-precision “N” 6 foot cable (1.83 m)

012-0482-00 RF Coaxial Cable, 50 Ohm, 36 inch (91 cm), BNCMale to BNC Male

012-1619-00 Calibrated precision “N” 10 Foot Cable

103-0045-00 “N” Male to BNC Female Adapter

103-0429-00 Barrell “N” Female

103-0430-00 “N” Male to “N” Male Adapter, DC--18 GHz

103-0431-00 7--16(F) to N(F) Adapter

103-0432-00 7--16(M) to N(F) Adapter

119-6594-00 Beam Antenna 824 MHz -- 896 MHz




119-6598-00 DC Block Type N

119-6599-00 N(F) to N(M) Attenuator 50 W, 20 dB

119-6600-00 Calibrated Coupler “N” 500 MHz --1000 MHz

119-6601-00 Directional Coupler “N” 920 MHz --2200 MHz

119-6602-00 Universal Adapter Kit, 30 pcs

119-6609-00 Sniffer Antenna

174-3578-00 SMB Female to BNC Male

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YBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester User Manual B- 3

Table B- 2: Optional accessories (Cont.)

Part number Description

200-0678-00 BNC Metal Cap

200-4696-00 “N” Metal Cap

For the most current list of accessories, please see the Tektronixwebsite: www.tektronix.com.

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B- 4 YBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester User Manual

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YBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester User Manual C- 1

Appendix C: Options

This section lists the configuration and measurement optionsavailable for the YBT250. To take RF measurements, interferencemeasurements or modulation measurements, a measurement optionmust be installed in the YBT250. You can order one measurement

option, all the available options, or any combination of options. Youcan add a measurement option to your YBT250 without returning itto Tektronix. For information on installing a measurement option onyour YBT250, see Appendix D.

Table C--1 lists the measurement options available for the YBT250Field Transmitter & Interference Tester.

Table C- 1: Measurement options

Option Description

Option EM1 Add RF measurements for GSM/EDGE standards

Option GR1 Add RF measurements for GSM standards

Option CR1 Add RF measurements for cdmaOne/cdma2000standards

Option CD1 Add Demodulation measurements for cdmaOne

standards

Option CD2 Add Demodulation measurements for cdma2000standards

Option IR1 Add RF measurements for IS-136 standards

Option AR1 Add RF measurements for Analog standards

Option IN1 Add Interference measurements standards

Option WS1 Adds analysis of W--CDMA Scrambling Code, including aScrambling Code display and Ec/Io and Ec data.

Option WR1 Add RF measurements for W-CDMA

Option WD1 Add Demodulation measurements for W-CDMA

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Appendix C: Options

C- 2 YBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester User Manual

Table C- 1: Measurement options (Cont.)

Option Description

Option CRE Add RF measurements for CDMA2000 1x EV--DOstandards

Option CDE Add Demodulation measurements for CDMA20001x EV--DO standards

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YBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester User Manual D- 1

Appendix D: Installing Options andUpgrading Software

The YBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester is a highly-con-figurable instrument. You can buy the YBT250 with only themeasurement capability you need and then add measurementcapabilities as your needs expand. Additional measurementcapability is added by enabling or installing software options. Theavailable measurement options are shown in Table C--1 on page C--1.

Measurement options are enabled by entering an Options key. AnOptions key is a coded text string that is tied to the serial number andGlobal ID of the instrument module. An Options key works only onthe YBT250 for which it is purchased. To purchase an Options key,contact your local Tektronix representative.

Before Installing Options

You can install the measurement options listed in Table C--1 withoutreturning the YBT250 to Tektronix. First, you will need to purchasea new Options key from Tektronix. To purchase a new Options keyyou will need to provide the serial number and Global ID for your

YBT250 module (not the NetTek Analyzer Platform).To display the YBT250 serial number:

From the YBT250 application menu bar, select Tools >

Hardware info.

The serial number is displayed near the top of the window. The serialnumber is also printed on a tag located on the bottom of the module.

To display the YBT250 Global ID:

From the YBT250 application menu bar, select Tools >

Hardware info.

The Global ID is displayed at the bottom of the scrolling window.

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Appendix D: Installing Options and Upgrading Software

D- 2 YBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester User Manual

To reinstall the original application software or install a free upgradeon the YBT250, you will need the current Options key for yourYBT250.

To display the YBT250’s current Options key:

From the YBT250 application menu bar, select Tools > Software

info.

The Options key is displayed near the bottom of the scrolling

window.

Installing Options

To install an option once you have an Options key:

1. Power on the NetTek Analyzer Platform.

2. From the YBT250 application menu bar, select Tools > Upgrade

Software. The dialog box shown in Figure D--1 appears.

Figure D- 1: The dialog displayed by selecting Tools>Upgrade

Software

a. To see which upgrades are installed or which upgrades areavailable, select Tell me more about upgrades. Thisdisplays the dialog shown in Figure D--2.

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Figure D- 2: This dialog displays information about software upgrades

b. To see more information about either the availableupgrades or the installed upgrades, select the upgrade fromthe appropriate box and then select Description.

c. To continue with the software upgrade, select Close toreturn to the Upgrade Software dialog.

3. To continue with a software upgrade, select Install. This displaysthe dialog shown in Figure D--3.

Figure D-3: Choosing the install method

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D- 4 YBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester User Manual

4. Select Install with only a key and then select Next > to continuewith the upgrade.

5. Enter the Options key into the dialog box as shown inFigure D--4. To display the soft keyboard, tap the keyboard buttonto the right of the text entry box. After you enter the Options key,select Next >.

Figure D-4: Entering the Options key

After you select Next >, the software installation proceeds. Whenthe installation is completed, the dialog box shown inFigure D--5 appears.

Figure D-5: Software installation is complete

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6. Select Done to complete the software upgrade process.7. If you received new software as part of an upgrade kit, place the

label supplied in the kit on the bottom edge of your YBT250module.

Upgrading/Reinstalling the YBT250 Software

On-screen installation instructions will guide you through upgradingor reinstalling the YBT250 software:

1. Insert the YBT250 Installation SW CD-ROM (Tektronix partnumber, 063-3476-XX) into your PC and follow the on-screeninstructions that appear.

2. If no instructions appear after you insert the CD-ROM, useWindows Explorer to display the contents of the CD-ROM anddouble-click the setup.exe file to begin the installation. Follow

the on-screen instructions.

3. If you received new software as part of an upgrade kit, place thelabel supplied in the kit on the bottom edge of your YBT250module.

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Appendix E: Functional Verification Procedure

E- 2 YBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester User Manual

4. Tap the + box next to All Modules, All Tests to expand theselection tree.

5. Tap the check box next to Platform to deselect the platformdiagnostics.

6. Verify that Module 1: Digital and Module 1: Analog areselected. See Figure E--1.

Figure E-1: Settings to run diagnostics

7. Select LOOP, set the loop count to 1.

8. Tap Run.

9. Verify that each test executes and passes. You will need to verify

the audio tone output diagnostic by tapping the screen. The test

will fail if you do not respond.

NOTE . If you encounter any errors, you can tap the Failure Log tabto display more information. If the YBT250 fails any of its diagnostictests, contact your local Tektronix service representative.

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YBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester User Manual E- 3

10. Tap Close to exit the diagnostic system.

Functional Tests

To perform the following tests, you must have an RF signal source.

Equipment Required

One 50 Ω BNC cable, such as Tektronix part number

012-0057-01

One BNC-female to N-male connector adapter, such as Tektronixpart number 103-0045-00

An RF signal generator with a 10MHz reference output, capableof generating a 100 MHz RF signal

Prerequisite

None

NOTE . These procedures verify only that the YBT250 is operatingcorrectly. They do not verify that the YBT250 meets warranted specifications.

Section 1: Check RF attenuation

To check the RF attenuation:

1. Power up the NetTek Analyzer Platform.

2. If necessary, launch the YBT250 application by double-tappingthe YBT250 icon on the desktop or selecting Start>Pro-

grams>NetTek>YBT250 from the Taskbar.

3. Power on the RF signal generator.

4. Set the RF signal generator to a 100 MHz, --30 dBm outputlevel.

5. Connect the BNC female-N male adapter to the YBT250 RFINPUT connector.

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6. Connect the BNC cable between the adapter on the RF INPUTconnector and the signal generator output.

7. In the YBT250 application menubar, select Tools>Factory

Reset. Tap Reset All in the pop-up dialog box.

8. Tap the Freq (MHz) button ( ). Using the numeric

keypad, set the measurement frequency to 100 MHz.

9. Tap the AutoLevel button ( ). Verify that the signal

appears on the center of the screen, with approximately--30 dBm amplitude.

10. Select AMPS EIA 553 from the signal standard drop down list.(If AMPS EIA 553 doesn’t appear in the list, select More... andthen enable AMPS EIA 553.)

11. Tap the Measure (1) button to display the Measurementswindow. If the displayed measurement is not Channel Power, tap

Select Measurement, then select the RF Power measurement.12. Verify that the Channel Power is approximately --30 dBm.

13. Change the signal amplitude on the Signal Generator to 0 dBm.

14. Verify that the Channel Power measurement is approximately0 dBm.

15. Change the signal amplitude on the Signal Generator to --70dBm

16. Verify that the Channel Power measurement is approximately--70dBm.

17. Disconnect the Signal Generator output from the YBT250.

Section 2: External Reference

To check the External Reference function:

1. Tap the Measure button ( ).

2. Tap Select Measurement. Tap Carrier Freq to display theCarrier Frequency measurement.

3. Verify the frequency reference icon (upper-right portion of the

display) appears as (F INT).

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YBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester User Manual E- 5

4. Verify that the External Reference Frequency measurementreadout indicates “no signal” by displaying “ ----------”.

5. On your RF signal generator, set the external frequency to10 MHz at 0 dBm.

6. Connect the external reference output of the signal generator to a50 Ω BNC cable. Connect the cable to the FREQUENCYREFERENCE INPUT of the YBT250.

Upon connection, the YBT250 should display a windowindicating it is acquiring the external reference. The windowshould disappear within 15 seconds.

7. Verify that the External Reference Frequency is 10.00000 MHz(bottom measurement on the screen).

8. Disconnect the Signal Generator output from the YBT250Frequency Reference input.

This completes the Incoming Inspection procedure. If any errorsoccured during this procedure, contact your local Tektronix servicerepresentative.

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YBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester User Manual F- 1

Appendix F: Supported Signal Standards

This appendix lists the signal standards on which measurements canbe made by the YBT250.

Table F- 1: Cellular standards supported

Standard Channel numbers

US CDMA-Cellular 1≤N≤799

TIA/EIA-95 990≤N≤1023

TIA/EIA-97C

US CDMA-PCS 1≤N≤1199

TIA/EIA-95

TIA/EIA-97C

CDMA Korea-PCS 1≤N≤599

CDMA Japan/ARIB 1≤N≤799

801≤N≤1039

1041≤N≤1199

CDMA China-1 0≤N≤1000

1329≤N≤2047

CDMA China-2 0≤N≤1000 plus 1329≤N≤2047

CDMA2000 Class 0, Korea Cellular 1≤N≤799

990≤N≤1023

CDMA2000 Class 0, N. A. Cellular 1≤N≤799

990≤N≤1023

CDMA2000 Class 1, N. A. PCS 0≤N≤1199

CDMA2000 Class 2 (TACS Band) 0≤N≤1000

1329≤N≤2047

CDMA2000 Class 3 (JTACS Band) 1≤N≤799

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F- 2 YBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester User Manual

Table F- 1: Cellular standards supported (Cont.)


801≤N≤1039

1041≤N≤1199

1201≤N≤1600

CDMA2000 Class 4, Korea PCS 0≤N≤599

CDMA2000 Class 5, (NMT-450W 25 kHz) 1≤N≤300

539≤N≤871

CDMA2000 Class 5, (NMT-450N 20 kHz) 1039≤N≤1473

1792≤N≤2016

CDMA2000 Class 6, IMT-2000 0≤N≤1199

CDMA2000 Class 7, N. A. 700 MHz Cell Band 0≤N≤359

W-CDMA 9601≤N≤9899

10551≤N≤10849

NADC IS-136 Cellular 1≤N≤799

990≤N≤1023

NADC-PCS / IS-136 1≤N≤1999

GSM/EDGE 450 259≤N≤293

GSM/EDGE 480 306≤N≤340

GSM/EDGE 850 128≤N≤251

GSM-E/EDGE 900 0≤N≤124

975≤N≤1023

GSM-P/EDGE 900 1≤N≤124

GSM-R/EDGE 900 0≤N≤124

955≤N≤1023

GSM/EDGE 1800 512≤N≤885

GSM/EDGE 1900 512≤N≤810

AMPS / EIA 553 1≤N≤799

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YBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester User Manual F- 3



990≤N≤1023

N-AMPS / IS-88 1≤NM≤799

990≤NM≤1023

1≤NL≤799

990≤NL≤1023

1≤NU≤799

990≤NU≤1023

TACS 1≤N≤1000

ETACS 0≤N≤1000

1329≤N≤2047

NTACS 1≤N≤799

800≤N≤1039

1040≤N≤1199

JTACS 0≤N≤798

(even chan. only)

800≤N≤1038

(even chan. only)

1040≤N≤1198

(even chan. only)

NMT-411-25 kHz 539≤N≤871

NMT-450-25 kHz 1≤N≤300

NMT-450-20 kHz 1039≤N≤1473

NMT-470-20 kHz 1792≤N≤2016

NMT-900 1≤N≤1000

NMT-900 (offset) 1025≤N≤2023

MATS-E 1≤N≤1000

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F- 4 YBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester User Manual



C-450 (SA) 1≤N≤247

C-450 (P) 1≤N≤800

CDMA2000 1xEVDO Class 0 NA Cellular 1≤N≤799

990≤N≤1023

CDMA2000 1xEVDO Class 0 Korea 1≤N≤799

990≤N≤1023

CDMA2000 1xEVDO Class 1 N.A. PCS 0≤N≤1199

CDMA2000 1xEVDO Class 2 TACS Band 0≤N≤1000

1329≤N≤2047

CDMA2000 1xEVDO Class 3 JTACS Band 1≤N≤799

801≤N≤1039

1041≤N≤1199

1201≤N≤1600

CDMA2000 1xEVDO Class 4 Korea PCS 0≤N≤599

CDMA2000 1xEVDO Class 5 NMT--25k--450 1≤N≤300

539≤N≤871

CDMA2000 1xEVDO Class 5 NMT--20k--450 1039≤N≤1473

1792≤N≤2016

CDMA2000 1xEVDO Class 6 IMT--2000 0≤N≤1199

CDMA2000 1xEVDO Class 7 N.A. 700 MHzCellular

0≤N≤359

CDMA2000 1xEVDO Class 8 GSM Band 0≤N≤1499

CDMA2000 1xEVDO Class 9 GSM Band 0≤N≤699

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YBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester User Manual G- 1

Appendix G: Channel Table

You can generally find the contents of the standard Channel Tablefile by following this path on the NetTek Analyzer:

\BuiltInDisk\NetTekApps\YBT250\SignalStandards.txt

However, if the application is not loaded into the BuiltInDiskdirectory due to lack of space, you can also find the standardChannel Table file on this path:

\NetTekApps\YBT250\SignalStandards.txt

This file can be opened online as a text file (with Pocket Word);however, for the easiest viewing, copy the file to a PC and use Excelto view it.

For instructions on how to create a custom version of the channeltable, see page 2--40.

About the Signal Type

The Channel Table file contains a field that defines the type of signalfor the named signal standard. For example, the standard namedGSM 900 is designated as a Signal Type 4. The Signal Type is used

by the Signal Identification function to suggest possible sources of interference.

Although the YBT250 will make measurements only on the first sixsignal types listed in Table 2--12, you can define a signal standardthat is based on other signal types. For example, you could create anFM signal standard of signal type 998 (Analog signal, no measure-ments available) and define channels within the FM radio band. Thiswould allow you to tune to “channels” within the FM band, although

you could not take measurements with the YBT250.The reason for creating a signal standard is that the Signal Identifica-tion function uses the Channel Table to determine possible types of signals, and if you have defined a signal standard, then it will appearas a possible source in the signal Identification function.

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Appendix G: Channel Table

G- 2 YBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester User Manual

The signal types 998 and 999 are included in the Channel Table toenable you to create a custom signal standard for analog or digitalsignals that do not match the other signal types (such as an “FM”standard noted previously). Though no measurements would be madeon channels of a standard based on either 998 or 999, the standardthey are assigned to would be used by the Signal Identificationfunction.

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Glossary

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YBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester User Manual Glossary-1

Glossary

ACLR. Adjacent Channel Leakage power Ratio (ACLR) is the ratioof the RRC (Root Raised Cosine) filtered mean power centeredon the assigned channel frequency to the RRC filtered meanpower centered on an adjacent channel frequency.

BMP -- Graphics File Format. BMP is one of the file formats availablefor saving screen captures. BMP is the standard Windowsgraphic image format. The filename extension is “bmp”.

BTS. Acronym for Base Transceiver Station.

Burst Power. Burst Power is a measurement of the average power ina burst of RF power on a GSM signal.

Carrier Feedthrough. Carrier Feedthrough is the offset of theconstellation from zero power. It is measured relative to the fullpower carrier.

Channel Power. Channel Power is the RF Power measured on theselected channel.

Codogram. The Power Codogram displays a series of sequential code

domain power measurements where color represents amplitudeand the vertical axis represents time.

Code Domain Power. Code Domain Power is a measurement of thepower in each Walsh code.

Difference. Difference is the power difference between ChannelPower and the Ref Power.

Error Vector Magnitude (EVM). Error Vector Magnitude is the RMSvalue of all the vectors that extend from the ideal constellationpoints to the received signal constellation points in a record of demodulated CDMA symbols, divided by the RMS value of thesignal. This result is multiplied by 100 to give a final value inpercent.

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Glossary

Glossary-2 YBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester User Manual

Flash Memory. Flash memory is a form of non-volatile memory.When the YBT250 software is stored in flash memory, theYBT250 loads more quickly at power on.

FM Deviation. FM Deviation is the maximum one-sided frequencydeviation of the carrier due to modulation. The measurementdisplays whichever is greatest of either the positive or negativedeviation.

Forward Frequency. The frequency the base station uses to transmit tothe mobile unit. Also called Downlink Frequency.

Frequency Marker. The frequency marker indicates the MeasurementFrequency setting. The Measurement Frequency is the frequencyat which measurements are made. The frequency markerappears on the display as a small triangle at the bottom of atrace display and a circle on the trace itself. Changing the

frequency marker location, by tapping a new location on thedisplay or entering a new Channel number or frequency, changesthe Measurement Frequency.

Frequency Error. Frequency Error is the difference in frequencybetween the measured frequency of the selected channel and thefrequency assigned to the channel in the channel table.

JPEG -- Graphics File Format. JPEG, an acronym for Joint Photograph-

ic Experts Group, is one of the file formats available for savingscreen captures. Files saved in JPEG format can be muchsmaller in size than files saved in BMP format. The filenameextension is “jpg”.

Measurement Frequency. The Measurement Frequency is thefrequency at which measurements are made. The MeasurementFrequency is always shown in the Frequency box. The

Measurement Frequency is indicated in the spectrum displays bythe frequency marker.

Measured Frequency. The actual frequency measured for the selectedchannel.

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Glossary

YBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester User Manual Glossary-3

Noise Floor. Noise Floor measures the interference coming into thereceiver antenna. The Noise Floor is an integrated powermeasurement for the selected standard. Larger numbers indicatemore noise.

Occupied Bandwidth. The Occupied Bandwidth is the frequencyrange where 99% of the power transmitted in a single channellies. If there is a signal in either channel adjacent to the selectedchannel, the signal will add power to the measurement, thus

resulting in an inaccurate measurement.

Peak-to-Average Power. The Peak-to-Average Power measurement isthe ratio of the peak envelope power in the transmitted signal tothe average power in the transmitted signal. The ratio isexpressed in dB.

Pilot Power. The Pilot Power is the absolute power of the pilot

channel (Walsh Code 0) in a CDMA channel. For W-CDMA,the Pilot Power is the absolute power of the Primary CommonPilot Channel (P-CPICH). The primary common pilot channelis used as a phase reference for many channels and to identifythe primary scrambling code.

Pilot Time Alignment Error (Tau). The Pilot Time Alignment Error isthe difference in timing between the pseudo noise (PN)sequences and the CDMA system time.

PN Offset. PN Offset is the “coarse” timing difference between thepilot channel and the even-second clock.

PNG -- Graphics File Format. PNG, an acronym for Portable NetworkGraphics, is one of the file formats available for saving screencaptures. PNG is a new format developed primarily for use onthe World Wide Web. PNG files are usually much smaller than

BMP files. The filename extension is “png”.RF Channel Power. RF Channel Power is the total RF power in the

selected channel. This measurement assumes a 50 ohm nominalimpedance.

Reference Level. The power level at the top of a spectrum window.

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Glossary

Glossary-4 YBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester User Manual

Reverse Frequency. The frequency the mobile unit uses to transmit tothe base station. Also called uplink frequency, reverse channelor uplink channel.

Scrambling Code. There are 512 primary scrambling codes availablein a W--CDMA system, numbered from 0 to 511, which are usedto uniquely identify each downlink signal. All code channels ina downlink signal, with the exception of the primary (P--SCH)and secondary (S--SCH) synchronization channels, are

scrambled by either the primary scrambling code, or one of the15 secondary scrambling codes associated with each primaryscrambling code. The YBT250 decodes only the primaryscrambling code of each signal, not the secondary scramblingcodes.

Span. Sets the frequency range covered by the spectral displaygraph. The YBT250’s resolution bandwidth (RBW) is

automatically adjusted based on the span setting.

Waveform Quality (Rho). The Waveform Quality measurement is anindication of the quality of the transmitted signal. Rho can varybetween 0.0 and 1.0, where 1.0 represents a perfect signal. TrueWaveform Quality is defined as an out-of-service measurementwhere the base station is transmitting only a pilot signal. If additional channels are active, an Estimated Rho is displayed.

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Index

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YBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester User Manual Index-1

IndexA

Absolute RF power mode, 3--70Accessories, B--1ACLR, measuring, 3--118Address, Tektronix, xiii

Audible tone, 3--40Auto saving and exporting, setting

default location for files, 2--49Average, trace type, 3--6

B

Band Edge Cursor, 3--22

View menu, 2--18BATTERIES indicator, 2--2Battery

installing, 1--6removing, 1--10

Battery life, A--23Beep indicator, 3--40Both on front trace, 3--21

View menu, 2--18

Both on Trace 1/2, 3--21View menu, 2--18

Buttonscommand bar area, 2--12help, 2--4Interference window, 3--36Measure window, 3--52program, 2--6rotate traces, 3--13shared control area, 2--11Spectrum window, 3--2tuning control area, 2--13

C

C/I (GSM/EDGE), measuring,3--91

Calibration interval, A--23Carrier Feedthrough, measuring,

3--85, 3--86, 3--88Carrier Frequency, measuring,

3--81Cellular standards supported, F--1Certifications, A--24Channel table

channel wizard, 2--38contents of, G--1customizing, 2--40

setting, 2--36signal type, 2--44, G--1

Clear All Channels button, 2--38Code Power, measuring

cdma2000, 3--95cdmaOne, 3--93

Code Power readout, 3--97Codogram

Auto Save, 3--112displaying, 3--104cdma2000, 3--106, 3--108cdma2k 1xEV--DO, 3--110

printing, 3--113Compare Saved command, 3--15

File menu, 2--16, 2--17Comparing traces, 3--13Connecting RF signals, 2--24

Connectors, input, 2--3Contacting Tektronix, xiiiControls, front panel, 2--2

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Index


GSM/EDGEAbsolute RF power mode, 3--70BCCH Frame Sync, 3--67Power vs. Time graph units, 3--79Relative RF power mode, 3--70

H

Hardware Info command, Toolsmenu, 2--20Help

find information, 2--4icons, 2--4

Hide program, 2--6Horizontal position, setting, 3--10

IIcons

?, 2--4command bar area, 2--12desktop, 2--6, 2--7Interference window, 3--36Measure window, 3--52shared control area, 2--11

Spectrum window, 3--2status, 2--7tuning control area, 2--13

IN1, option, 3--35Incoming inspection, E--1Information, getting help, 2--4Input connectors, 2--3, 2--23, 2--26Input Overrange marking in Spec-

trogram, 3--25

Input panel, enter keyboard charac-ters, 2--20

Installingshoulder strap, 1--16

strand hook, 1--16YBT250 module, 1--3Interference

identifying, 3--38locating, 3--35

Interference Analyst, (Option IN1),3--35

Intermittent interference, locating,3--44

Io scrambling code, (Opt WS1),3--48

K

Keyboard, (soft) input panel, 2--20Keyboard command, Tools menu,

2--19

Knobbutton, 2--11using, 2--14

L

Limit test measurementsAnalog, 3--56

cdma2k 1xEV--DO, 3--58cdmaOne/cdma2000, 3--56GSM, 3--56GSM/EDGE, 3--57NADC IS--136, 3--57W CDMA, 3--57

Locating intermittent signals, 3--44Location data, saving GPS coordi-

nates, 2--50

Location for auto saving files, 2--49Lock-up, recovering from, 2--2Locking scrambling codes, (Opt

WS1), 3--48

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Index

Index-4 YBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester User Manual

MM1 Trace 1, M2 Trace 2, 3--21

View menu, 2--18MAC Code Power, Code Domain

Power readout, 3--103MAC Index, Code Domain Power

readout, 3--103Mark All Channels button, 2--37

Marker Code Domain Powerreadout, 3--100

MarkersBoth on front trace, 3--21Both on Trace 1/2, 3--21M1 Trace 1, M2 Trace 2, 3--21measuring frequency and level,

3--20, 3--21readouts, 3--18specifying units, 3--19View menu, 2--18viewing, 3--17

Mask, View Menu, 2--18Max Hold, trace type, 3--7Measurement frequency, 3--52,

3--53Measurements, available, 3--55

MeasuringACLR, 3--118C/I (GSM/EDGE), 3--91Carrier Feedthrough, 3--85, 3--86,

3--88carrier frequency, 3--81cdma2000 code power, 3--95cdmaOne code power, 3--93Error Vector Magnitude, 3--85,

3--86, 3--88cdma2k 1xEV--DO, 3--88

Error Vector Magnitude (GSM/EDGE), 3--91

occupied bandwidth, 3--83

Origin Offset (GSM/EDGE),3--91Peak to Average Power Ratio,

3--80pilot power, 3--115, 3--117Pilot Time Alignment, 3--85PN Offset, 3--85Power vs. Time (GSM/EDGE),

3--76

RF Channel Power (GSM/EDGE), 3--65

RF Power, 3--63cdma2000 1xEV--DO, 3--72

Scrambling Code, 3--86, 3--88signal quality, 3--85, 3--86

cdma2k 1xEV--DO, 3--88GSM/EDGE, 3--91

Waveform Quality (Rho), 3--85Menus

File, 2--16, 2--17Help, 2--4Setup, 2--19Start, 2--6Tools, 2--19View, 2--18

Min Hold, trace type, 3--6

Min/Max Hold, trace type, 3--7Mother Code Domain Power

readout, 3--97

N

No scrambling code, (Opt WS1),3--48

Normal, trace type, 3--6Notes, entering, 2--47Numeric keypad, using, 2--14

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Index


OOpen command

File menu, 2--16, 2--17Setup menu, 2--19

OptionIN1, 3--35WS1, 3--47

Optional accessories, B--2

Options, C--1Options

installed, D--2installing, D--1

Options command, Tools menu,2--19

Options key, displaying, D--2Origin Offset, measuring (GSM/

EDGE), 3--91OVSF Code Domain Power read-

out, 3--100

P

Path for auto saving files, 2--49Peak to Average Power Ratio,

measuring, 3--80

Phone number, Tektronix, xiiiPilot power, measuring, 3--115,

3--117Pilot Time Alignment, measuring,

3--85PN Offset

Code Domain Power readout,3--97, 3--103

measuring, 3--85Power Code Domain Power read-out, 3--100

Power off, analyzer, 2--21Power switch, 1--20, 2--2

Power vs. Time (GSM/EDGE),3--76measuring, 3--76Setting graph units, 3--79

Preferences tab, 2--35Preset command, Setup menu,

2--19Print command, File menu, 2--16,

2--17

Product description, 1--1Product support, contact informa-

tion, xiiiProgram button, 2--6

Q

Quick Select List, 2--37

R

Recalling a trace, 3--130Recalling results, 3--125Recalling setups, 3--134Red marking in Spectrogram, 3--25Ref Power, 3--65

Reference level, setting, 3--11Relative RF power mode, 3--70Removing, a battery, 1--10Removing , a module, 1--6Reset

hardware, 2--2software, 1--19, 2--22switch, 2--2

Results

exporting, 3--127recalling, 3--125saving, 3--124

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Index

Index-6 YBT250 Field Transmitter & Interference Tester User Manual

Results Properties command, Filemenu, 2--16, 2--17RF Channel Power (GSM/EDGE)

Absolute, 3--70BCCH Frame Sync, 3--67measuring, 3--65Relative, 3--70

RF INPUT connector, 2--3RF Power, measuring, 3--63

cdma2000 1xEV--DO, 3--72Rho, measuring, 3--85Rotate Trace Order, View menu,

2--18Rotate traces button, 3--13RSCP scrambling code, (Opt

WS1), 3--48RSSI scrambling code, (Opt WS1),

3--48

S

Save & Export tab, 2--46Save command, Setup menu, 2--19Save Results command, File menu,

2--16Save Results As command, File

menu, 2--16Save Trace command, File menu,

2--17Save Trace As command, File

menu, 2--17Saved trace, displaying, 3--13Saving

GPS coordinates, 2--50

location for auto saving files,2--49results, 3--124setting default file types, 2--48setting up defaults, 2--45traces, 3--129

Scr Code tab, (Opt WS1), 3--47Scrambling CodeDomain Power readout, 3--100measuring, 3--86, 3--88Scrambling Code Analyzer, (Opt

WS1), 3--47setting, 3--61

Screensexporting, 3--128

file formats, 3--132Serial number, displaying, D--1Service support, contact informa-

tion, xiiiSetting

channel table, 2--36codogram Auto Save, 3--112display colors, 2--35file options, 2--45filename prefix, 2--46horizontal position, 3--10measurement frequency, 3--52note text, 2--47reference level, 3--11spectrogram Auto Save, 3--26spectrogram update rate, 3--25startup application, 2--9

technician name, 2--47trace type, 3--6vertical position, 3--10vertical scale, 3--9

Setup Menu, customizing, 3--135Setup menu, 2--19Setups

recalling, 3--134saving, 3--133

Shoulder strap, 1--16Shutdown, analyzer power, 2--21

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Index


Signal quality, measuring, 3--85,3--86cdma2k 1xEV--DO, 3--88GSM/EDGE, 3--91

Signal standardsenabling, 2--33supported, F--1

Signal type, in channel table, 2--44Software

load process, 1--17reset, 2--22upgrading, D--1version, xii

Software Info, Tools menu, 2--20Software Options, Options, D--1Sorting scrambling codes, (Opt

WS1), 3--48Specifications, A--1

environmental, A--22, A--24Spectrogram

Auto Save, 3--26displaying, 3--24update rate, 3--25

Spectrogram overload marking,3--25

Standard accessories, B--1

Standby mode, 2--21Start menu, 2--6Startup application, setting, 2--9Status

area, desktop, 2--7 icons, 2--7

STATUS indicator, 2--2Strand hook, 1--16Strength indicator, 3--40

Suspend, analyzer activity, 2--21Suspend mode, 1--18

Symbol Rate Code Domain Powerreadout, 3--97, 3--100symbols, 3--79

T

Tap/drag action icon, 3--11Taskbar, desktop, 2--6Technical support, contact informa-

tion, xiiiTechnician name, setting, 2--47Tektronix, contacting, xiiiTilt stand, 1--14TIMING INPUT connector, 2--3,

2--26Tools menu, 2--19Touchscreen

calibration, 1--18calibration command, Tools

menu, 2--19Trace

exporting, 3--131recalling, 3--130saving, 3--129

Trace 2, View Menu, 2--18Trace display options, 3--14

Trace2, 3--13Troubleshooting, GPS receiver,

2--51Type Code Domain Power readout,

3--97, 3--100

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