Yomayra Martinó

Visitor Scholar

Payson Center for International Development

Tulane University

March 28, 2012 Multipurpose Room – Law School Tulane University New Orleans, LA

Relational overview: Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development.

Energy Sector and Regulation

Environmental Dispositions related to Energy

Final Considerations

http://www.green-the-world.net/definition_of_energy.html

http://www.green-the-world.net/definition_of_energy.html

Natural resources as raw material of energy production

Water use in the energy generation process Hydrocarbons: international market -- delivered

through maritime transportation

Energy generation produce pollution, by definition

Climate changes due to increased energy

consumption

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLkpaF16s24

Fuente: http://www.uned.es/biblioteca/energiarenovable3/sostenibilidad.htm#energiaydesarrollo

Energy is illumination, transportation, production, health, education, economic growth…

Directly related to economic and human development worldwide.

Affects the sustainability of the natural resources, the biodiversity and the future of the human kind.

Production chain activities

Power Generation and Climate Change

Pro-environmental Policies

Prices

Quality of Supply

Market Performance

Requirement of environmental licenses or permits as a condition of industrial activity in the energy sector

Water quality and discharge control

Air quality and carbon emissions

Periodical reports demonstrating compliance with terms of licenses or permits

Fuel oil dependency

Electric system transmission losses

Increase of consumption patterns

Lack of knowledge

Absence of an Energetic Efficiency Legal Framework

Año: 2010

Gas Natural

11%

Carbón

7%

Biomasa

4%

Hidroelectricida

d

5%

Petroleo y

Derivados

73%

Company

Installed

Capacity

(MW)

Effective

Capacity

(MW)

Effective

Capacity

Share

Technology Fuel

Andres 319 304 11% Combine Cycle Natural Gas

DPP 236 236 8% Gas Turbines Natural Gas

ITABO 295 261 9% Steam Turbines, Gas Turbines Coal, Petcoke, FO#2

HAINA 548 497 18% Steam Turbines, Gas Turbines, Combustion Engines FO#6, FO#2, Coal

CESPM 300 294 10% Combine Cycle FO#2

San Felipe 185 179 6% Combine Cycle FO#6, FO#2

LAESA 32 30 1% Combustion Engines FO#6

Palamara - La Vega 195 190 7% Combustion Engines FO#6

Seaboard 116 109 4% Combustion Engines FO#6

CEPP 77 65 2% Combustion Engines FO#6

Monte Rio 100 97 3% Combustion Engines FO#6

METALDOM 42 41 1% Combustion Engines FO#6

EGEHID 523 510 18% Hydroelectrics Water

CDEEE 2 2 0% Combustion Engines FO#2

TOTAL 2,969 2,815

Principle of Permanent Sovereignty over Natural Resources: Foreign investment vs. national development and interest.

Rio Earth Summit – Rio de Janeiro, 1992

- Agenda 21 and the Rio Declaration

- Climate Change Convention/Kyoto Protocol and Biological Diversity Convention

Millennium Summit

- Millennium Declaration

- Millennium Development Goals : Goal #7 and #8

http://www.green-the-world.net/definition_of_energy.html

http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/ourwork/environmentandenergy/focus_areas/sustainable-energy.html

Rio + 20: (84 days)

Transition to Green Economy and Poverty Eradication

Institutional Framework

UNDP's efforts in energy for SD to support the achievement of: Universal access to

modern energy for the poor

Enhanced quality,

security and affordability of modern energy

Climate Change vs. Economic development

Power consumption = development stages

New job sources or pollution sources?

Water access and development

Environmental responsibility, energy and economic growth, among others.

How do you contribute to the sustainable development?

Can current energy patterns and environmental protection coexist?

Yomayra J. Martinó

ymartino@tulane.edu

yjmartino@gmail.com

@Ymartino