m Utah if….. Utah if….. ever met any celebrities. ver met any celebrities. a of a traffic jam is ten cars waiting to pass a tractor on the highway. of a traffic jam is ten cars waiting to pass a tractor on the highway. n" means going to Wendover. " means going to Wendover. een all the biggest bands ten years after they were popular. en all the biggest bands ten years after they were popular. ure distance in minutes. re distance in minutes. several people who have hit a deer. several people who have hit a deer. ool classes were canceled because of cold. ol classes were canceled because of cold. ool classes were canceled because of heat. ol classes were canceled because of heat. idden the school bus for an hour each way. dden the school bus for an hour each way. had to switch from "heat" to "A/C" in the same day. ad to switch from "heat" to "A/C" in the same day. nk ethanol makes your truck "run a lot better." k ethanol makes your truck "run a lot better." don't have bags; they have sacks. on't have bags; they have sacks. people wearing bib overalls at funerals. people wearing bib overalls at funerals. a car running in the parking lot at the store with no one in it no matter what time of a car running in the parking lot at the store with no one in it no matter what time of your sentences with an unnecessary preposition. Example: "Where's my coat at?" or "If your sentences with an unnecessary preposition. Example: "Where's my coat at?" or "If a go with." go with." festivals across the state are named after a fruit, vegetable, grain, or animal. festivals across the state are named after a fruit, vegetable, grain, or animal. tall security lights on your house and garage and leave both unlocked. all security lights on your house and garage and leave both unlocked. nk of the major four food groups as beef, pork, soda pop, and Jell-O salad with marshma k of the major four food groups as beef, pork, soda pop, and Jell-O salad with marshma y own 3 spices: salt, pepper, and ketchup. own 3 spices: salt, pepper, and ketchup. is better in the winter because the potholes are filled with snow. is better in the winter because the potholes are filled with snow. nk everyone from a different State has an accent. k everyone from a different State has an accent. nk sexy lingerie is tube socks and a flannel nightie. k sexy lingerie is tube socks and a flannel nightie. nk that deer season is a national holiday. k that deer season is a national holiday. w which leaves make good toilet paper. which leaves make good toilet paper. w all 4 seasons: Almost Winter, Winter, Hotter than Heck, and Construction. all 4 seasons: Almost Winter, Winter, Hotter than Heck, and Construction. ually understand all of these jokes and forward them to your friends ally understand all of these jokes and forward them to your friends . .
Transcript
You are from Utah if…..You are from Utah if….. 1. You've never met any celebrities. 1. You've never met any celebrities. 2. Your idea of a traffic jam is ten cars waiting to pass a tractor on the highway. 2. Your idea of a traffic jam is ten cars waiting to pass a tractor on the highway. 3. "Vacation" means going to Wendover. 3. "Vacation" means going to Wendover. 4. You've seen all the biggest bands ten years after they were popular. 4. You've seen all the biggest bands ten years after they were popular. 5. You measure distance in minutes. 5. You measure distance in minutes. 6. You know several people who have hit a deer. 6. You know several people who have hit a deer. 7. Your school classes were canceled because of cold. 7. Your school classes were canceled because of cold. 8. Your school classes were canceled because of heat. 8. Your school classes were canceled because of heat. 9. You've ridden the school bus for an hour each way. 9. You've ridden the school bus for an hour each way. 10. You've had to switch from "heat" to "A/C" in the same day. 10. You've had to switch from "heat" to "A/C" in the same day. 11. You think ethanol makes your truck "run a lot better." 11. You think ethanol makes your truck "run a lot better." 12. Stores don't have bags; they have sacks. 12. Stores don't have bags; they have sacks. 13. You see people wearing bib overalls at funerals. 13. You see people wearing bib overalls at funerals. 14. You see a car running in the parking lot at the store with no one in it no matter what time of the year. 14. You see a car running in the parking lot at the store with no one in it no matter what time of the year. 15. You end your sentences with an unnecessary preposition. Example: "Where's my coat at?" or "If you go to town I 15. You end your sentences with an unnecessary preposition. Example: "Where's my coat at?" or "If you go to town I wanna go with." wanna go with." 16. All the festivals across the state are named after a fruit, vegetable, grain, or animal. 16. All the festivals across the state are named after a fruit, vegetable, grain, or animal. 17. You install security lights on your house and garage and leave both unlocked. 17. You install security lights on your house and garage and leave both unlocked. 18. You think of the major four food groups as beef, pork, soda pop, and Jell-O salad with marshmallows. 18. You think of the major four food groups as beef, pork, soda pop, and Jell-O salad with marshmallows. 19. You only own 3 spices: salt, pepper, and ketchup. 19. You only own 3 spices: salt, pepper, and ketchup. 20. Driving is better in the winter because the potholes are filled with snow. 20. Driving is better in the winter because the potholes are filled with snow. 21. You think everyone from a different State has an accent. 21. You think everyone from a different State has an accent. 22. You think sexy lingerie is tube socks and a flannel nightie. 22. You think sexy lingerie is tube socks and a flannel nightie. 23. You think that deer season is a national holiday. 23. You think that deer season is a national holiday. 24. You know which leaves make good toilet paper. 24. You know which leaves make good toilet paper. 25. You know all 4 seasons: Almost Winter, Winter, Hotter than Heck, and Construction. 25. You know all 4 seasons: Almost Winter, Winter, Hotter than Heck, and Construction.
26. You actually understand all of these jokes and forward them to your friends26. You actually understand all of these jokes and forward them to your friends ..
Water TreatmentWater Treatment
Raw Water SourceRaw Water Source
Surface WaterSurface Water
GroundwaterGroundwater
Treatment ObjectivesTreatment Objectives
Meet the Primary Treatment Regulations as Meet the Primary Treatment Regulations as Economically as possibleEconomically as possible
First choose the best possible raw water sourceFirst choose the best possible raw water source
Conventional Treatment plants designed to meetConventional Treatment plants designed to meetTurbidity and disinfection regulationsTurbidity and disinfection regulations
Surface Water TreatmentSurface Water TreatmentConventional TreatmentConventional Treatment
Direct FiltrationDirect Filtration
Groundwater TreatmentGroundwater Treatment
Coagulation and FlocculationCoagulation and Flocculation
Almost all particles in raw water have net negative surface chargeAlmost all particles in raw water have net negative surface charge
Since particles have like charges they repel each other (will notSince particles have like charges they repel each other (will notstick together)stick together)
To get the particles to stick together we have to neutralize the To get the particles to stick together we have to neutralize the negative chargesnegative charges
A coagulant is added to do thisA coagulant is added to do this
Water Treatment CoagulantsWater Treatment Coagulants
VVss = settling velocity of the partilce = settling velocity of the partilce
VVll = horizontal velocity of liquid flow = horizontal velocity of liquid flow
A particle that is just removed has a settling velocity vA particle that is just removed has a settling velocity v00..
This trajectory represents a particle which This trajectory represents a particle which has a settling velocity vhas a settling velocity v00
vv00 = h / t = Q / A = h / t = Q / A
Where: t = V/QWhere: t = V/Q A = surface area of the basinA = surface area of the basin
Critical Settling Velocity and Overflow RateCritical Settling Velocity and Overflow Rate
vv0 0 expressed in units of velocity (ft/s) is the critical settling expressed in units of velocity (ft/s) is the critical settling
velocityvelocityCritical settling velocity is the settling velocity of particles which are Critical settling velocity is the settling velocity of particles which are 100% removed in the basin100% removed in the basin
vv00 expressed in units of flow per unit area (gal/min/ft expressed in units of flow per unit area (gal/min/ft22) is called the) is called the
Overflow rateOverflow rate
As you can see the only difference between the critical settling As you can see the only difference between the critical settling velocity and the overflow rate is the type of unit used to express velocity and the overflow rate is the type of unit used to express the numberthe number
The critical settling velocity and the overflow rate are the same The critical settling velocity and the overflow rate are the same number, but proper units should be used to express eachnumber, but proper units should be used to express each
Since smaller particles have lower settling velocities, if you want to Since smaller particles have lower settling velocities, if you want to remove smaller particles in the settling basin you have to have a remove smaller particles in the settling basin you have to have a lower overflow rate.lower overflow rate.
Since vSince v00 = Q/A, to have a smaller v = Q/A, to have a smaller v00 you have to have a larger area you have to have a larger area
A water treatment plant settling tank has an overflow rate of 600 gal/(dayA water treatment plant settling tank has an overflow rate of 600 gal/(day ..ftft22) ) and a depth of 6 feet. What is the residence time?and a depth of 6 feet. What is the residence time?
vv00 = 600 gal/(day = 600 gal/(day..ftft22) x 1 ft) x 1 ft33 / 7.48 gal = 80.2 ft/day / 7.48 gal = 80.2 ft/day
t = h/vt = h/v00 = 6/80.2 = 0.748 day = 1.8 hr = 6/80.2 = 0.748 day = 1.8 hr
ExampleExampleA water treatment plant has a flow rate of 0.6 mA water treatment plant has a flow rate of 0.6 m33/sec. The settling basin at the /sec. The settling basin at the plant has an effective settling volume that is 20 m long, 3 m tall and 6 m wide. plant has an effective settling volume that is 20 m long, 3 m tall and 6 m wide. Will particles that have a settling velocity of 0.004 m/sec be completely Will particles that have a settling velocity of 0.004 m/sec be completely removed? If not, what percent of the particles will be removed?removed? If not, what percent of the particles will be removed?
vv00 = Q/A = 0.6 m/sec / (20 m x 6 m) = 0.005 m/sec = Q/A = 0.6 m/sec / (20 m x 6 m) = 0.005 m/sec
Since vSince v00 is greater than the settling velocity of the particle of interest, is greater than the settling velocity of the particle of interest,
they will they will notnot be completely removed. be completely removed.
The percent of particles which will be removed may be found using the The percent of particles which will be removed may be found using the following formula:following formula:
How big would the basin need to be to remove 100% of the particles that How big would the basin need to be to remove 100% of the particles that have a settling velocity of 0.004 m/sec?have a settling velocity of 0.004 m/sec?
vv00 = Q / A = Q / A
0.004 = 0.6 / A0.004 = 0.6 / A
A = 150 mA = 150 m33
If the basin keeps the same width (6 m):If the basin keeps the same width (6 m):
