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Performance Performance HistoryHistory
• PlanningPlanning
• HydrologyHydrology
• HydraulicsHydraulics
• StructuralStructural
• InstallationInstallation
• SpecificationsSpecifications
• Life Cycle CostsLife Cycle Costs
VALUE ENGINEERINGVALUE ENGINEERING
PIPE JOINT PERFORMANCEPIPE JOINT PERFORMANCE
• Provide Pipeline Continuity
• Assure a Smooth Flow Line
• Resist Exfiltration of Effluent
• Resist Infiltration of Groundwater and Backfill Material
• Accommodate Lateral and Longitudinal Movement
• Resist Shear and Deformation
So, what happens when a contractor
attempts to put together pipe that
has distorted bells.
Joint leakage allowing backfill infiltration and ultimately pipe
failure.
NEW CONSTRUCTION NEW CONSTRUCTION USING HDPE PIPEUSING HDPE PIPE
WITH JOINT WITH JOINT DEFORMATION DURING DEFORMATION DURING
SITE STORAGESITE STORAGE
AND ULTIMATELY PIPE AND ULTIMATELY PIPE FAILURE & REPLACEMENTFAILURE & REPLACEMENT
DEFLECTION RESULTING DEFLECTION RESULTING IN BACKFILL IN BACKFILL INFILTRATION AT JOINTSINFILTRATION AT JOINTS
CONCRETE PIPE JOINTS OFFER SEVERAL OPTIONS CONCRETE PIPE JOINTS OFFER SEVERAL OPTIONS
Confined O-Ring Rubber Gasket Joint
Single Offset Rubber Gasket Joint
Mastic Sealant Joint
Mortar Joint
CONCRETE PIPE JOINTS OFFER SEVERAL ADVANTAGES CONCRETE PIPE JOINTS OFFER SEVERAL ADVANTAGES OVER HDPE PIPE JOINTS OVER HDPE PIPE JOINTS
• Joints are thick and rigid to prevent any deformation
• Joints and gaskets are governed by national specifications
• Joints combine great shear strength and flexibility
• Joints provide excellent watertightness
• Joints can withstand up to13 psi pressure – the equivalent of 30 feet
of groundwater pressure head
TOLEDO ZOO PARKING LOTTOLEDO ZOO PARKING LOT
DRAINAGE PIPE SIZES & QUANTITIESDRAINAGE PIPE SIZES & QUANTITIES
Pipe Size QuantityPipe Size Quantity
(inches) (feet)(inches) (feet)
12 159412 1594
15 63315 633
18 31118 311
21 33121 331
24 13624 136
27 20027 200
30 40030 400
STORM SEWER PLAN LAYOUTSTORM SEWER PLAN LAYOUT
50,000 Gallon Storage Capacity50,000 Gallon Storage Capacity
8” OUTLET
30” 27” 24” 21” 18” 15” 12”
12” LATERALS
ASTM Standard of Practice D2321ASTM Standard of Practice D2321
Underground Installation of Thermoplastic PipeUnderground Installation of Thermoplastic Pipe
forfor
Sewers and Other Gravity-Flow ApplicationsSewers and Other Gravity-Flow Applications
• Restrictions on use of Classes of embedment and backfill materialRestrictions on use of Classes of embedment and backfill material• Maximum particle sizeMaximum particle size• Restrictions on mode of dewateringRestrictions on mode of dewatering• Requirements on minimum trench widthRequirements on minimum trench width• Restrictions and details for support of trench wallsRestrictions and details for support of trench walls• Specific restrictions on methods of compactionSpecific restrictions on methods of compaction• Minimum embedment densityMinimum embedment density• Minimum cover requirementsMinimum cover requirements• Detailed requirements for manhole connectionsDetailed requirements for manhole connections• Requirements on methods of testing compaction and leakageRequirements on methods of testing compaction and leakage• Requirements on deflection and deflection testingRequirements on deflection and deflection testing• Limits on usage of trench boxesLimits on usage of trench boxes• Select backfill and compaction required to 6”-12” above top of pipeSelect backfill and compaction required to 6”-12” above top of pipe
““If the pipe product is approved If the pipe product is approved by the State Department of by the State Department of
Transportation, it must be an Transportation, it must be an acceptable pipe material, and, acceptable pipe material, and, therefore, appropriate for our therefore, appropriate for our
particular application.”particular application.”
Famous Last Words
Immediately after pipe installation and paving, significant Immediately after pipe installation and paving, significant pavement settlement occurred at every 20-foot joint pavement settlement occurred at every 20-foot joint
length. Initially, attempts were made to patch the length. Initially, attempts were made to patch the settlement areas, but the pavement settlement became settlement areas, but the pavement settlement became
progressively worse after every rain storm. progressively worse after every rain storm.
PATCH
PATCH
Saw-cut pavementSaw-cut pavement
to remove HDPE to remove HDPE pipepipePAVEMENT PATCH
PATCH
PATCH
PAVEMENT PATCH
PATCH
PATCH
TEARING UP NEW PAVEMENT, EXCAVATING TEARING UP NEW PAVEMENT, EXCAVATING and and
REMOVING FAILED HDPE PIPEREMOVING FAILED HDPE PIPE
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Stre
ngth
Con
trib
utio
n, %
5 F
eet
of C
over
RCP 24" HDPE 36" HDPE 48" HDPE
Pipe Type
Pipe Strength vs. Installation Contribution
Pipe Soil
LAWSUITS REPORTED BY ADSLAWSUITS REPORTED BY ADS
for TUBULAR PROFILE WALL HDPE PIPEfor TUBULAR PROFILE WALL HDPE PIPE
Is It Worth The Risk?Is It Worth The Risk?
REFERENCESAmerican Concrete Pipe Association
You Should Know:• #121 Installation Anomalies• #128 A Case In Point• #131 When is the Correct Pipe Material Important?
Concrete Insights:• Handling & Installation Comparisons• Concrete or HDPE: Strength versus Stiffness• Concrete Pipe Joints – Your Best Choice
Brochures:• Concrete Pipe Joints, Your Best Choice• Standard Installations• The Infrastructure is Collapsing!
Dispatch: A Case in Point for Choosing Concrete Pipe
National Specifications: • ASTM D 2321, Standard practice for Underground Installation of Thermoplastic Pipe for Sewers
and Other Gravity–Flow Applications• AASHTO Section 30, LRFD Bridge Construction Specifications