Young and Middle Adulthood Nutrition Report (1)

7/27/2019 Young and Middle Adulthood Nutrition Report (1)

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NUTRITIO

N DURINGADULTHO

OD

Presented by:

Group 6: Gonzalez, Frederick; Lumagas, Jayson; San Esteban Zhyrine; Tampus,Liberty; Tan, Mj; Tria, Louie



NUTRITION DURINGADULTHOODObjectives:

After studying this topic, the student shouldbe able to:

Identify the nutritional needs of youngadults and the middle-aged

Explain sensible, long-range weightcontrol for this age group

Discuss diet-related diseases that can be

prevented by good nutrition at this age:osteo orosis, heart disease, diabetes



NUTRITION DURINGADULTHOOD

Objectives:

Identify changes with age you probablymust accept and can slow or prevent.

Know the strategies for growing old

healthfully.



NUTRITION DURINGADULTHOOD

ADULTHOOD

Divided intothree periods:

Young , middle,and lateadulthood.



DIETDURING

YOUNGAND

MIDDLEADULTHOOD



YOUNG ADULTHOOD

A time of excitement andexploration.

The age range runs fromabout 18 to 40 years of age .

Individuals are alive withplans, desires, and energyas they begin searching

for and finding their



MIDDLE ADULTHOOD

The middle periodranges from about 40to 65 years of age.

This is a time whenthe physical activities

of young adulthoodtypically begin todecrease, resulting in

lowered caloric



DIET DURING YOUNG ANDMIDDLE ADULTHOOD

During young tomiddle adulthood,

the beginnings of osteoporosis mayalso be evident.

A diet rich incalcium, vitaminD, and fluoride is

thought to help



OSTEOPOROSIS

A condition in whichbones become brittlebecause there havebeen insufficientmineral deposits,especially calcium.



OSTEOPOROSIS





NUTRITIONALREQUIREMENTS

The amount

of specificnutrientneeded by

the body.




Growth is usually complete by theage of 25.

Consequently, except during

pregnancy and lactation, theessential nutrients are needed onlyto maintain and repair body tissueand to produce energy.

Durin these ears, the nutrient




The iron requirement for womenthroughout the childbearing yearsremains higher than that for men.

Extra iron is needed to replace bloodloss during menstruation and help tobuild both the infant’s and the extra

maternal blood needed duringpregnancy.

After menopause, this requirement for

women matches that of men.




Protein needs for adultsare thought to be 0.8gram per kilogram of

bogy weight.

To determine the specificamount, one must dividethe weight in pounds by2.2 to obtain the weight

in kilograms and then




The current requirement for calcium foradults from 19 to 50 is 1,000 mg, and for

vitamin D, 5 ug.

Bone loss begins slowly, at about the age of

35 to 40, and can lead to osteoporosis later.

It is wise for young people, especiallywomen, who are prone to osteoporosis than

men, to consume foods that provide more




Three glasses of milk aday nearly fulfill the

requirement for each of these nutrients. Increasing this amount

could preventosteoporosis. Fat-free milk or foods

made from fat-free milkshould be consumed to



Sources of Calcium



REQUIREMENT

S The number of caloriesrequired daily to meetenergy needs.

KCAL VALUE Number of kcal in a specific

amount of specific food orbeverage.

LEAN MUSCLE MASS



CALORIE REQUIREMENTS

Calorie requirements begin todiminish after the age of 25, as basalmetabolism rates decrease.

After 25 years, a person will gainweight if the total calories are notreduced according to actual need,

which will be determined by activity,BMI (REE), and amount of leanmuscle mass.

Those who are more active will

M di W i ht d H i ht d



Median Weights and Heights andRecommended Daily Energy Intake for

AdultsCATEGORY

AGE(years)

WEIGHT(kg)(lb)

HEIGHT(cm)(in)

REE(calories/day)

AVERAGEENERG

Y

ALLOWANCEperkg

CALORIES perday

MALES 19-24

35-50

51+

72160

79174

77170

17770

17670

17368

1,780

1,800

1,530

1.67

1.60

1.50

40

37

30

2,900

2,900

2,300

FEMALES

19-24

25-50

58128

63

16465

163

1,350

1,380

1.60

1.55

38

36

2,200

2,200



NUTRIENT PROBLEMS

1. HYPERTENSION or High Blood Pressure

higher than normal blood pressure,which can lead to strokes.

It is associated with diets high in salt orpossibly low in calcium. It is thought that the earlier a person

reduces salt intake, the better thaterson’s chances of avoidin



NUTRIENT PROBLEMS

2. OBESITY Excessive body fat, 20%

above average.

Common cause:

ENERGY IMBALANCE Eating either too much or

too little for the amount of

energy expended



NUTRIENT PROBLEMS

3. Diabetes Mellitus a chronic disease which

develops when the bodydoes not producesufficient amounts of insulin or does not use it

effectively for normalcarbohydrate metabolism.

Diet is important in the



NUTRIENTPROBLEMS

4. Heart Disease

Heart attack and stroke are the majorcause of death especially in the US.

They occur when arteries become blocked

(occluded), preventing the normalpassage of blood.

These occlusions (blockages) are causedby blood clots that form and are unable to

pass through an unnaturally narrowed



NUTRIENT PROBLEMS

Arteries are narrowed by plaque, a fattysubstance containing cholesterol that

accumulates in the walls or the artery.

This condition is called atherosclerosis,

a form of atherosclerosis affecting theintima (inner lining) of the artery walls.

Excessive cholesterol and saturated fats inthe diets over man ears contribute to





OSTEOPOROSIS

It is thought that years of sedentary lifecoupled with a diet deficient in calcium,

vitamin D, and fluoride contribute to it.

Estrogen Replacement Therapy (ERT) helps to prevent osteoporosis towomen.

A diet with sufficient calcium and vitamin

D plus an appropriate exercise program



INTERVENTIO

N “WEIGHT CONTROL” Overweight can cause health problems.

Cases of diabetes mellitus, heart disease,and hypertension are more numerousamong the overweight than among those of normal weight.

The lives of overweight individuals aregenerally shorter than are those of peoplewho are not overweight.

They are prone to social and emotional

NUTRITIONAL



NUTRITIONALINTERVENTION

Energy imbalanceis the mostcommon cause of

overweight.

In other words, if

one is overweight,chances are thatmore calories

have been taken

NUTRITIONAL



NUTRITIONALINTERVENTION An intake of 3, 500 calories more than

the body needs for maintenance andactivities will result in a weight gain of 1

pound.

An individual who overeats by only 200

calories a day can gain 20 pounds in 1year.

When nutrient requirements remainstatic but calorie requirements decrease,

NUTRITIONAL




Individuals who are overweightsimply because of energyimbalance, a program of weight

loss, which includes exercise,should be undertaken.

The diet should be based onMyPyramid, and eating habitsshould be taught so that the lostweight will not be regained later.

NUTRITIONAL




Exercise will increase thenumber of calories burned,but exercise alone will not

solve the problem. The most effective way of

weight loss is increasedexercise combined withreduced calories.

This will help tone themuscles as excess fat is loss.

Exercise may also increase

NUTRITIONAL




A healthy eating plan iseasiest to follow when itis based on MyPyramid.

This will help aid thedieter in obtainingneeded nutrients, willhelp change previouslyunsatisfactory eatinghabits, and will allow

him or her to adapt, and



2,000-calorie Daily Menu

LUNCHRoast beef sandwich:

3 oz roast beef 2002 slices toast 150

1 tbsp

mayonnaise

100

Lettuce 10

1 cup fat-free milk 85

1 orange 75



2,000-calorie Daily Menu

DINNER2 oz broiled fish 150

1 baked potato 100

1 ½ tbsp margarine 150½ green peas 50

Tossed salad with 1 tbspdressing

150

1 cup fat-free milk 86

¾ cup ice cream 200

1 oatmeal cookie 100

TOTAL 986 calories



Overall total calories: 2, 034 calories

Age You



Age YouProbably Must

Accept Graying of hair Balding

Some drying andwrinkling of skin

Impairment of near vision

Some loss of hearing Reduced taste, smell,

and touch sensitivity

Slowed reactions

Changes with Age You



Changes with Age YouProbably Must Accept

Slowed mentalfunction

Diminished visualmemory

Menopause(women)Loss of fertility

Loss of joint



Probably Can Slow or

Prevent: By exercising, eating an adequate

diet, reducing stress, and planningahead, you may be able to slow or

prevent: Wrinkling of skin due to sun damage Elevated blood pressure and blood

cholesterol Accelerated resting heart rate Reduced lung capacity and oxygen

uptake



Probably Can Slow or

Prevent: Decreased maximum work

rate Loss of sexual functioning Loss of joint flexibility Diminished oral health: loss

of teeth and gum disease Bone loss Digestive problems,

constipation



GROWING OLDHEALTHFULLY

1. Choose nutrient-dense foods.

Nutrient Density A measure of the nutrients a food

provides relative to the energy it

provides. The more nutrients and the fewer

kcalories, the higher the nutrient

density.






3. Maintain appropriate bodyweight.

4.Reduce stress (cultivate self-esteem, maintain a positiveattitude, manage timewisely, know your limits,

practice assertiveness,release tension, and takeaction).



GROWING OLDHEALTHFULLY 6. For people who smoke,

discuss with a physicianstrategies and programs

to help you quit.

7. Expect to enjoy sex,

and learn new ways of enhancing it.

8. Use alcohol only

STRATEGIES FOR



STRATEGIES FORGROWING OLDHEALTHFULLY

9. Take care to preventaccidents.

10. Expect good vision andhearing throughout life; obtainglasses and hearing aids if

necessary.

11. Take care of your teeth;

obtain denture if necessary.

STRATEGIES FOR



STRATEGIES FORGROWING OLDHEALTHFULLY 12. Be alert to confusion as a

disease symptom, and seekdiagnosis.

13. Take medications as prescribed;see a physician before self prescribing medicines or herbal

remedies and a registereddietician before self-prescribingsupplements.

14. Control depression through



GROWING OLD

HEALTHFULLY

15. Drink 6 to 8 glasses of water everyday.

16. Practice mental skills.Keep on solving mathproblems and crossword

puzzles, playing cards orother games, reading,writing, imagining, andcreating.




18. Accept change. Work atrecovering at losses;make new friends.

19. Cultivate spiritualhealth. Cherish personal

values. Make lifemeaningful.

20. Go outside for sunshine




21. Be socially active – playbridge, join an exercise ordance group, take a class,eat with friends, volunteertime to help others.

22. Stay interested in life –

pursue a hobby, spend timewith grandchildren, take atrip, read, grow a garden, or

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Young and Middle Adulthood Nutrition Report (1)

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