Date post: | 26-Mar-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | isaac-hurst |
View: | 215 times |
Download: | 0 times |
Young Moslem Leaders and Social AccountabilityBy: Wijayanto ([email protected])
Jakarta, June 2010
http://www.sanfranciscosentinel.com
www.ifpc.co.uk/
http://www.7junipers.com/images/sea/bali-rice-farmer.jpg
Youthlab
Page 2
Moslem Nations and the World:
A Challenging World
Page 3
GDP Per-capita: Top 30
Source: IMF 2009
Rank Country USD
1 Luxembourg 104,512 2 Norway 79,085 3 Qatar 68,872 4 Switzerland 67,560 5 Denmark 56,115 6 Ireland 51,356 7 Netherlands 48,223 8 United Arab Emirates 46,857 9 United States 46,381
10 Austria 45,989 11 Australia 45,587 12 Finland 44,492 13 Sweden 43,986 14 Belgium 43,533 15 France 42,747
Rank Country USD
16 Germany 40,875 17 Japan 39,731 18 Canada 39,669 19 Iceland 37,977 20 Singapore 37,293 21 Italy 35,435 22 United Kingdom 35,334 23 Spain 31,946 24 Kuwait 31,482 25 Greece 29,635 26 Cyprus 29,620 27 New Zealand 27,259 28 Israel 26,797 29 Brunei 26,325 30 Slovenia 24,417
Page 4
GDP Per-capita: Moslem Countries
Source: IMF 2009
Rank Country USD
8 United Arab Emirates 46,857 24 Kuwait 31,482 29 Brunei 26,325 33 Bahrain 19,455 41 Saudi Arabia 14,486 53 Libya 9,529 57 Turkey 8,723 58 Lebanon 8,707 66 Kazakhstan 7,019 67 Malaysia 6,897 85 Iran 4,460 91 Algeria 4,027 95 Tunisia 3,852
102 Turkmenistan 3,242
Rank Country USD
107 Armenia 2,668 111 Syria 2,579 117 Indonesia 2,329 118 Iraq 2,108 126 Sudan 1,398 131 Uzbekistan 1,176 133 Nigeria 1,142 136 Yemen 1,061 140 Pakistan 1,017 146 Kyrgyzstan 851 149 Tajikistan 767 156 Bangladesh 574 162 Afghanistan 486
Page 5
Human Development Index (HDI): 30
Source: UNDP 2007
Rank Country Score
1 Norway 0.971 2 Australia 0.970 3 Iceland 0.969 4 Canada 0.966 5 Ireland 0.965 6 Netherlands 0.964 7 Sweden 0.963 8 France 0.961 9 Switzerland 0.960
10 Japan 0.960 11 Luxembourg 0.960 12 Finland 0.959 13 United States 0.956 14 Austria 0.955 15 Spain 0.955
Rank Country Score
16 Denmark 0.955 17 Belgium 0.953 18 Italy 0.951 19 Liechtenstein 0.951 20 New Zealand 0.950 21 United Kingdom 0.947 22 Germany 0.947 23 Singapore 0.944 24 Hong Kong 0.944 25 Greece 0.942 26 South Korea 0.937 27 Israel 0.935 28 Andorra 0.934 29 Slovenia 0.929 30 Brunei 0.920
Page 6
HDI: Moslem Countries
Source: UNDP, 2007
Rank Country Score
30 Brunei 0.920 31 Kuwait 0.916 33 Qatar 0.910 35 United Arab Emirates ▲0.903 39 Bahrain 0.895 56 Oman 0.846 59 Saudi Arabia 0.843 66 Malaysia 0.829 79 Turkey 0.806 82 Kazakhstan 0.804 83 Lebanon 0.803 86 Azerbaijan 0.787 88 Iran 0.782 96 Jordan 0.770
104 Algeria 0.754
Rank Country Score
107 Syria 0.742 109 Turkmenistan 0.739 110 Palestinian Authority 0.737 111 Indonesia 0.734 119 Uzbekistan 0.710 120 Kyrgyzstan 0.710 123 Egypt 0.703 127 Tajikistan 0.688 130 Morocco 0.654 140 Yemen 0.575 141 Pakistan 0.572 146 Bangladesh 0.543 150 Sudan 0.531 158 Nigeria 0.511 181 Afghanistan 0.352
Page 7
Corruption Score: Top 30
Source: Corruption Perception Index 2009, Score range: 0 (worst) – 10 (best), Transparency International
Rank Countries Score
1 New Zealand 9.4 2 Denmark 9.3 3 Singapore 9.2 3 Sweden 9.2 5 Switzerland 9.0 6 Finland 8.9 6 Netherlands 8.9 8 Australia 8.7 8 Canada 8.7 8 Iceland 8.7 11 Norway 8.6 12 Hong Kong 8.2 12 Luxembourg 8.2 14 Germany 8.0 14 Ireland 8.0
Rank Countries Score
16 Austria 7.9 17 Japan 7.7 17 United Kingdom 7.7 19 United States 7.5 20 Barbados 7.4 21 Belgium 7.1 22 Qatar 7.0 22 Saint Lucia 7.0 24 France 6.9 25 Chile 6.7 25 Uruguay 6.7 27 Cyprus 6.6 27 Estonia 6.6 27 Slovenia 6.6 30 United Arab Emirates 6.5
Page 8
Corruption: Moslem Countries
Source: Corruption Perception Index 2009, Score range: 0 (worst) – 10 (best), Transparency International
Rank Countries Score
30 United Arab Emirates 6.5 39 Brunei Darussalam 5.5 39 Oman 5.5 56 Malaysia 4.5 61 Turkey 4.4 63 Saudi Arabia 4.3 65 Tunisia 4.2 66 Kuwait 4.1 89 Morocco 3.3 111 Algeria 2.8 111 Egypt 2.8 111 Indonesia 2.8 120 Kazakhstan 2.7 126 Syria 2.6 130 Lebanon 2.5 130 Libya 2.5
Rank Countries Score
130 Nigeria 2.5 139 Bangladesh 2.4 139 Pakistan 2.4 143 Azerbaijan 2.3 154 Yemen 2.1 158 Tajikistan 2.0 162 Kyrgyzstan 1.9 168 Iran 1.8 168 Turkmenistan 1.8 174 Uzbekistan 1.7 175 Chad 1.6 176 Iraq 1.5 176 Sudan 1.5 179 Afghanistan 1.3 180 Somalia 1.1
Average Moslem Countries Score: 2.8Average Global Score: 4.0
Page 9
The Causes of Extreme Poverty....
Corrupt Govern-
ment
Prolong Civil war
Unstable Land lockcountries
Huge Natural
resources• It creates
dependency; Instead of developing industry, people fighting for access to the resources;
• Dutch disease;
• Being land-locked has made a country rely too much to its neighbor;
• Conflict in the neighboring country can easily impact a country;
• Caused huge material and non material loss;
• Reconciliation is a tough undertaking;
• Weapon is more important than food and book;
• Create inefficient resources allocation;
• Development is directed for the benefit of a certain group only;
Source: The Bottom One Billion, Paul Collier
Page 10
Some National Issues:
The Windy Road Ahead
Page 11
Corruption in Indonesia
Source: Corruption Perception Index 2009, Transparency International
Corruption Perception Index ,Indonesia (1995 – 2009)
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.00
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Highest Score: 2.80
Average Score: 2.17
Lowest Score: 1.65
Improvement has been made. However, 2.8 is far from enough;The recent development (i.e. KPK issue) has put additional challenge;
Page 12Source: PERC, Political Economic Risk Consultancy, Score: 0 (best) – 10 (worst)
Based on various perception surveys, Indonesia is known as a corrupt country.
PERC survey put Indonesia as one of the most corrupt country in Asia (14 countries).
Despite a long list of question concerning the validity and accuracy of perception survey, significant improvement is needed.
Rank Country 2009 2008 2007
1 Singapore 1.20 1.13 1.07 2 Hong Kong 1.87 1.80 1.89 3 Australia 2.40 4 USA 2.89 5 Japan 2.10 2.25 3.99 6 South Korea 6.30 5.65 4.64 7 Macau 5.18 3.30 5.84 8 China 6.29 7.98 6.16 9 Taiwan 6.23 6.55 6.47
10 Malaysia 6.25 6.37 6.70 11 Philippines 9.40 9.00 7.00 12 Vietnam 7.54 7.75 7.11 13 India 7.54 7.25 7.21 14 Cambodia 7.25 15 Thailand 8.03 8.00 7.63 16 Indonesia 8.03 7.98 8.32
Average 5.84 5.77 5.41
2007 2008 2009Corruption in Indonesia
Page 13
Corruption in Indonesia
Source: Global Corruption Barometer, Transparency International
Most Corrupt Institution in Indonesia
Rank Institution 2005 2006 2007
1 Kepolisiian 4.0 4.2 4.2 2 Legislatif 4.0 4.2 4.1 3 Lembaga Peradilan 3.8 4.2 4.1 4 Partai Politik 4.2 4.1 4.0 5 Lembaga Perijinan 3.5 3.6 3.8 6 Otoritas Pajak 3.8 3.4 3.6 7 Bisnis/swasta 3.5 3.6 3.1 8 Lembaga Utilitas 3.0 2.9 3.1 9 Tentara 2.9 3.3 3.0
10 Lembaga Pendidikan 3.0 3.3 3.0 11 LSM 2.4 2.9 2.8 12 Pelayanan Kesehatan 2.7 3.0 2.8 13 Media 2.4 2.8 2.5 14 Lembaga Keagamaan 2.1 2.3 2.2
Four most important pillars to mitigate corruption are among the most corrupt institutions;
Alternatives strategy is needed, the role of civil society and the people is very crucial
Page 14
Fact and Perception......
Assuming oil price: USD 84/barrel, coal price: USD 80/ton and gas price: USD 3.9 /MMBTU Source: British Petroleum Statistic and Wijayanto Analysis
Natural Endowment Value (based on coal, oil & gas proven reserve)
Rank (USD bn) Rank (USD)
Russia 1 25,802 142.50 13 181,070 Saudi Arabia 2 23,171 24.74 4 936,763 USA 3 23,061 302.76 19 76,167 Iran 4 15,422 71.21 12 216,574 Iraq 5 10,096 28.99 8 348,236 China 6 10,864 1,320.11 49 8,230 UEA 7 9,050 4.38 3 2,066,123 Kuwait 8 8,771 2.85 2 3,076,483 India 9 8,022 1,169.00 52 6,862 Venezuela 10 7,353 27.66 10 265,878 Australia 11 6,994 21.06 9 332,148 Qatar 13 4,769 0.84 1 5,670,436 Nigeria 14 3,760 148.09 30 25,388 Indonesia 22 1,121 231.63 56 4,840 Norway 23 1,112 20.00 21 55,603 Malaysia 27 694 27.20 29 25,523
Value per-capita Population (million)
Total Value
The common perception....We are very rich;
In fact.....We are not; Based on Coal, Natural Gas
and Oil proven reserved, our natural endowment value reach USD 1,121 billion.
Rank 22 in term of total value, and rank 56 in term of value per-capita.
Long term economic sustainability is in question.
Page 15
CAFTA: Challenge or Opportunity?
Source: Various Sources and “The Emerging Market of the ASEAN – Dr. Bernando M. Villegas
Since tariff reduction began in 2005, Indonesia’s export to China increase by 70%, driven by nearly tripling mineral export. (World Bank);
Import of energy efficient lamp from China will reach 136 million in 2010, (68% market share), while domestic industry run at 20% utilization rate. (Tempo, 24 March 2010);
Batik from China has market share of close to 50% at Pasar Tanah Abang. (Bisnis Indonesia);
Marie Pangestu: “Our product is pretty similar with its of China. Products that have strong competitiveness are CPO, coal, mineral and gas, in which around 80% of our export to China consist of those commodities. (Bisnis Indonesia, April 30, 2010);
CAFTA is agreat opportunity. It connect us with a market of 1.7 billion people, with combined export of USD 4.3 trillion (13.3% of global trade);
Free Trade will increase international trade and will create specialization;
The question is, what product we will specialized on?
Page 16
Some Interesting Facts:
The Opportunity
Page 17
Messy but Keep Growing......Corruption • The most corrupt in
Asia Pacific (PERC)• Rank 126 of 180 (TI)
Human Capital • Rank 111 out of 183 countries (UNDP)
Ease of Doing Business
• Rank 122 out of 183 countries (World Bank)
2
1
3
InfrastructureQuality
• Discouraging road/port condition
• Unreliable electricity supply
4
But...(1) GDP grows at encouraging rate;
(2) Inflation under control;(3) Poverty level decrease continuously;(4) etc....
Source: World Bank
-
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
Chin
a
Sing
apor
e
Indi
a
Indo
nesi
a
Viet
nam
Thai
land
Mal
aysi
a
Phili
ppin
es
2010 2011
Page 18
Demographic Bonus.......
-1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00
Nig
erAf
ghan
ista
nPa
kist
anSa
udi A
rabi
aPh
ilipp
ines
Egyp
tBa
ngla
desh
Indi
aM
alay
sia
Wor
ldIn
done
sia
Viet
nam
Uni
ted
Stat
esFr
ance
Thai
land
Uni
ted
King
dom
Aust
ralia
Chin
aN
ethe
rland
sCa
nada
Ger
man
yRu
ssia
Japa
nSi
ngap
ore
Sout
h Ko
rea
Fertility Rate(Average no of child per-woman)
Replacement Rate = 2
Aging Population
DemographicBonus
Extreme HighGrowth
Page 19
At Least....The Glass is Half Full
Source: IMF, New Economics Foundation, Wijayanto’s Analysis
The ultimate goal of our existence is to be prosperous and happy;
As a nation, we are in the middle of our journey to realize that goal;
Now...the glass is half-full.....
....we need to work harder to make it full.
Page 20
The Youth Important Role:
Strengthening Social Accountability
Page 21
Why Indonesian Moslem Youth?
Source: Various sources
Islam
The face of Islam & Indonesia
Size and Influence
Future Responsi-
bility• Moslem youth
activists are Indonesia’s future leaders;
• The future is belong to young generation;
• The old generation is not able to change;
• 85% of Indonesians is Moslem;
• Demographically, most Indonesia’s are young;
• Moslem youth is a key component for change;
• Indonesia represent the face of Islam in the global arena;
• Prosperous, democratic and peaceful Indonesia will play an important role;
• The principle of accountability is embedded in Islam teaching;
• Leadership principle; public participation; freedom of speech;
Page 22
Social Accountability
Source: Various sources
To Define To Measure To Manage
The obligation of power-holders to account for or take responsibility for their action;
The Basic Tenet.....
The Definition....
Accountability
Approach toward the building of accountability that rely on citizens and/or civil society that participate directly or indirectly;
Social Accountability
o Shidiq (honest)o Amanah (trusted)o Tabligh (spread
out correct info)o Fathanah
(intellectual & pro-the people)
Leadership Character in Islam
Page 23
Public Integrity vs. Accountability
Stakeholder or Citizen
Government orAgents
Policy Implementation
Ideas Ideas
Justice and equity to promote public interest;
Transparency & Openness;
Accountability Efficiency;
Four Core Values ofIntegrity:
Integrity is beyond honesty. To be honest doesn’t always to be efficient, justice, and accountable.
1
2
34
Source: Component of Integrity: Data and Benchmark of Tracking Trend in the Government, Paper by OECD, May 2009
Transparency, accountability & integrity is codependent
Transparency without accountability is meaningless. Both, without integrity may not end up serving the interest of the public.
Page 24
Measurement“There is no specific accountability measurement available; However, Corruption Index could be used as a proxy to measure accountability level...”
C D M
Accountability: The obligation of power-holders to account for or
take responsibility for their action;
A
Corruption: The breach of public power for personal
benefit
Discretionary: The flexibility
to execute authority or
power
Monopoly: The lack of
competition from other
parties
Page 25
Accountability and Corruption“Indonesia’s high level of corruption, measured by various measurement, indicates the lack of accountability in..”
Index SkorSangat Korup
Sangat Bersih
Skor dalam skala 0 - 100%
GI Index 2008 69.00 0 100 69.0%CPI 2008 2.60 0 10 26.0%PERC 2009 8.32 10 0 16.8%GCB 2009 3.70 5 0 26.0%WGI Control of Corruption '08 (0.64) -2.5 2.5 37.2%
Indonesia’s score is relatively low (average: 35%) measured by various indicators; except for GI Index, which is an INPUT INDICATOR.
Page 26
Social Accountability: The Impact
Source: Social Accountability: An Introduction to the Concept and Emerging Practice, Carmen Malena et al.
SocialAccountability
Improve Governance Improve Development Effectiveness
Improve People Empowerment
Promote good governance and democracy;
Complement the weaknesses of vertical accountability (election) and horizontal accountability (internal mechanism)
Improve public service delivery;
Reduce information asymmetry and promote transparency;
Create well informed policy design;
Empower the poor, by enabling the poor to express their concern;
Empower various vulnerable and disadvantages group;
Page 27
Social Accountability: Building Blocks
Source: Social Accountability: An Introduction to the Concept and Emerging Practice, Carmen Malena et al.
Mobilizing around an entry point
Building information / evident base
Going public
Rallying support and building coalition
Advocating and negotiating change
1
2
3
4
5
Identification of problem (i.e. education budget allocation) and development of strategy (i.e. tracking of education budget)
Supply side data (data from the government) and Demand side data (data from survey or score-card)
Communicate the finding to the public and media or communicate with stakeholder;
Building coalition with relevant parties or institution;
Negotiate with the govt. create public pressure etc.
Page 28
Example: Budget Accountability
Source: Social Accountability: An Introduction to the Concept and Emerging Practice, Carmen Malena et al.
Monitoring and evaluation
Policy/budget implementation
Policy/budget analysis
Policy/budget preparation
Stages in Policy and Budget Cycle
Social Accountability Application and Tools
Direct citizen participation (through CSO, etc) to formulate public policy and budget. (i.e. project proposal and budget allocation); Citizen could also prepare alternative program or budget;1
2
3
4
Measuring whether the budget allocation match with government social commitment, this may include to analyze the impact of budget allocation;
Analyze how the government actually spend the money. Are there any leakage or bottleneck?
Monitor the impact and quality of government program and performance of public service. CSO could create its own measurement, such as citizen score card;
Page 29
Success Factors of Social Accountability
Strong Social Accountability
Policy context & culture
Access to information
The role of media
Civil society capacity
State capacity
State-civil society synergy
Institutionalization
Source: Social Accountability: An Introduction to the Concept and Emerging Practice, Carmen Malena et al.
Page 30
Alternative Relevant Topics....
Education
Health
Corrup-tion
Politic• Political and
campaign financing;• Regional election;• Policy making
process;• etc;
• Certain corruption case;
• Investigative report competition;
• KPK chairman selection process;
• Building anti-corruption awareness among the youth;
• Fund tracking;• Health services in the
remote areas;• Access of health
service for the poor;• Jamsostek services;• Drug availability;
• Education for the poor;
• Program design and fund tracking;
• Government scholarship program;
• Government research grants;
Page 31
Thank You
Thank You..............
Page 32
Attachment.......
Tiri Workshop on Legal Integrity Education
Anti-Corruption Course: The Indonesia’s Experience
By: Wijayanto ([email protected])
Kampala, Uganda, May 2010
http://www.sanfranciscosentinel.com
www.ifpc.co.uk/
http://www.7junipers.com/images/sea/bali-rice-farmer.jpg
Youthlab
Page 34
Legal Integrity Education - Uganda
Source: PERC, Political Economic Risk Consultancy
Based on various perception surveys, Indonesia is known as a corrupt country.
PERC survey put Indonesia as one of the most corrupt country in Asia.
Despite a long list of question concerning the validity and accuracy of perception survey, significant improvement is needed.
Rank Country 2009 2008 2007
1 Singapore 1.20 1.13 1.07 2 Hong Kong 1.87 1.80 1.89 3 Australia 2.40 4 USA 2.89 5 Japan 2.10 2.25 3.99 6 South Korea 6.30 5.65 4.64 7 Macau 5.18 3.30 5.84 8 China 6.29 7.98 6.16 9 Taiwan 6.23 6.55 6.47
10 Malaysia 6.25 6.37 6.70 11 Philippines 9.40 9.00 7.00 12 Vietnam 7.54 7.75 7.11 13 India 7.54 7.25 7.21 14 Cambodia 7.25 15 Thailand 8.03 8.00 7.63 16 Indonesia 8.03 7.98 8.32
Average 5.84 5.77 5.41
2007 2008 2009The Background
Page 35
The Background
Legal Integrity Education - Uganda
Source: Global Corruption Barometer, TI
No Institution 2005 2006 2007
1 Police 4.0 4.2 4.2 2 Parlement 4.0 4.2 4.1 3 Judial 3.8 4.2 4.1 4 Political Parties 4.2 4.1 4.0 5 Licensing Institution 3.5 3.6 3.8 6 Tax Authority 3.8 3.4 3.6 7 Private Sector 3.5 3.6 3.1 8 Utility 3.0 2.9 3.1 9 Army 2.9 3.3 3.0
10 Education Institution 3.0 3.3 3.0 11 NGOs 2.4 2.9 2.8 12 Health 2.7 3.0 2.8 13 Media 2.4 2.8 2.5 14 Religious Institution 2.1 2.3 2.2
Four most important institutions to fight corruption are among the most corrupt.
New Approach is needed to address this national issues.
Page 36
Why Anti-Corruption Course?
Legal Integrity Education - Uganda
Source: Paramadina’s Corporate Profile
Paramadina aiming for creating layers of Indonesia’s future leaders and entrepreneurs who put ethic at a very high place.
The most crucial ethical problem in Indonesia is the prevalent corruption. This is the basis for Paramadina to teach Anti-corruption as an obligatory course for all students
LeadershipEntrepreneurshipEthics
Our Tagline
Page 37
Corruption: The Economics ModelSupply Demand Corruption1
Willingness Opportunity Corruption 2
People who need “service” from corrupt officer
Officer who willing to provide “services”
Willingness of the people to corrupt (character issue)
System that enable corruption to take
place
Cost* Benefit* Corruption 3
Social and monetary cost of
corruption act
Social and monetary benefit of corruption act
Legal Integrity Education - Uganda
*) for corruptors
Page 38
Approaches to Strengthen Integrity
Legal Integrity Education - Uganda
Source: Korupsi Mengorupsi Indonesia and Various sources
Carrot approach for all;
Incentive for those who pass the test;
Incentive for good man, neutral for bad man;
Building awareness among the people;
Stick and Carrot approach for all;
The stick and carrot come from the society
Stick approach for all;
Creating law and enforce it;
No incentive for good man, punishment for the bad man
Carrot approach for winner;
Creating competitive environment;
Incentive for the winner, neutral for the loser;
Lawyer Approach
Businessman Approach
Economist Approach
Cultural Approach
Quick impact, high cost, challenge is on the implementation
Moderate cost, challenge is on determining the incentive for the good man. Often, the benefit of being selfish is too huge;
Low cost, take a long time to materialize, self sustain;
Rule Based Values Based
Page 39
Cultural Approach: The ImpactDemand Supply Corruption
Willingness Opportunity Corruption
Cost Benefit Corruption
Anti-Corruption Course would be able to reduce the demand of corrupt behavior since it create awareness on the risk & impact of corruption both to the corruptor as well as to the society. The moral aspect of the course would also minimize the willingness to corrupt.
Public awareness could also increase the cost of doing corruption for corruptor; it reduces the marginal cost of fighting corruption by the society.
Legal Integrity Education - Uganda
Page 40
Optimal Level of Corruption
MarginalBenefit (MB)
MarginalCost (MC2)
Additional Cost or Benefit
Quantityof Corruptionbeen Reduced
Q2
MarginalCost (MC1)
Q1
E1
E2
• Corruption mitigation will be done by the society.......
• .....until the level of marginal cost and marginal benefit of eradicating corruption reach the same level, end up corruption quantity been reduced at Q1;
• Cultural approach can reduce the marginal cost of fighting corruption, line MC1 shift to MC2...
• ....increasing corruption quantity been mitigated from Q1 to Q2;
MB>MC1 MB<MC1
Legal Integrity Education - Uganda
MB>MC2
Page 41
Education on Anti-Corruption
Research,Theory & Case Study
Practice, Applied,Case Study
Creating Anti-corruption
experts
Reduce the Supplyof Corruptors
Level Component Main Goals
Elementary to High School
Under-graduate
Post-graduate
Legal Integrity Education - Uganda
Page 42
The Options Available....Obligatoryor Elective
Course?
Independent or Integrated
Course?
For All Students
or Selected Department?
Obligatory is more effective to create generation with anti-corruption attitude, while elective is better to create expert on anti-corruption
Program for all department is more effective to reduce the supply of corruptor, since corruptor come from various background
Even though integrated course is more practical, independent course provide content flexibility for more impact.
1
2 3
Paramadina Implements a Full-blown approach. OBLIGATORY & INDEPENDENT COURSE FOR ALL STUDENTS
Legal Integrity Education - Uganda
Page 43
The Main Challenge....
The Public
Internal campus & Lecturer
Teaching Material
1 2
3
The students
4 • Lack of awareness, corruption is normal;
• Permissiveness;• Making it obligatory
for all students and implement innovative and enjoyable teaching approach;
• Lack of references with Indonesia focus;
• Publishing book on corruption in Indonesia (1,100 pages);
• Lack of knowledge on corruption issue;
• The importance of credibility;
• Training for lecturer;• Engaging external
parties to teach;• Creating internal
integrity climate;
• Support and harsh criticism;
• Permissiveness;• PR activities and
involves more stakeholders;
Legal Integrity Education - Uganda
Page 44
Content & Approach
Theory, Discussion & Case Study
Stadium General
Investigative Report
1 2
3Corruption
Court (TIPIKOR)
Visit
4
Course’s Building Blocks • Students, in groups, create investigative report on various corruption in the society;
• They use recorder and handy-cam;• Book consist of 15-20 best report
will be published......• ......in collaboration with “Benny”
and “Mice” a famous cartoonist;
• Students attend corruption prosecution process and are required to write comprehensive report on the corruption case;
Based on our survey, “Investigative Report” and “TIPIKOR Visit” were their favorite activates
Legal Integrity Education - Uganda
Page 45
Studium GeneralWell-known figure is important, not only because of the knowledge they could share, but they also attract media to come and cover the program
1
2 4
3
Antazari Azhar (Corruption Eradication Commision, Chairman)
Jimly Asidiqie (Constitution Court Chairman)
Waluyo (Director of National Oil Company) Sandi Uno (Vice Chairman of Indonesia
Busiiness Chamber - KADIN)
1
243
Legal Integrity Education - Uganda
Page 46
Investigative Reports: The Theme Each Semester, ~400 students took “Anti-Corruption” course at Paramadina
University. Around 80 investigative reports were created each year; Students used voice recorder and handy-cam to support the investigation;
Fake Diploma and Transcript; Corruption in Police Department; Corruption at the Cemetery; Corruption at Traditional Market: Corrupted Scale; Mobile Phone Black Market; Bribery in the Train; Corruption in the hospital; Corruption by University Security Guard; Lack of Transparency in University Endowment
Fund Management;
Example of Investigative
Report’s Theme
Some student conduct the investigative in the campus, it helped the university to maintain internal integrity system
Legal Integrity Education - Uganda
Page 47
Course SyllabiNo Topic/Activity* Lecturer
1 Overview of the Course, Syllabi, Material, etc. Internal
2 Stadium General 1: Corruption in Indonesia and The Region
External
3 Definition and Type of Corruption, Corruption Measurement
Internal
4 Cause of Corruption & Mitigation Approach Internal
5 Investigative Technique KPK
6 Stadium General 2: Religion and Corruption External
7 Negative Effect of Corruption Internal
8 The History of Corruption in Indonesia Internal
9 The Prospect of Corruption Eradication in Indonesia Internal
Legal Integrity Education - Uganda
Page 48
Course Syllabi (cont’d)
No Topic/Activity* Lecturer
10 Stadium General 3: Corruption in Indonesia’s Business and Politic
External
11 Global War Against Corruption Internal
12 Class Presentation & Discussion (Investigative Report) Internal
13 Class Presentation & Discussion (Investigative Report) Internal
14 Corruption Court (TIPIKOR) Visit TIPIKOR
15 Best Investigative Report Selection. Internal
16 Final Exam Internal
Legal Integrity Education - Uganda
Page 49
attachment book and poster
Legal Integrity Education - Uganda
Page 50
The Main Text Book• Publish Date: January 2010;• Editor: Wijayanto & R. Zachrie;• Authors: 30 experts from various
background, including some expert from TIRI;
• Sponsor: TIRI and Recapital;• No of pages: 1,100 pages;
In addition comprehensive theory and various corruption measurement, the book covers various aspect of corruption in Indonesia, using various angle, including economic, politic, social and culture, religion, law, and international aspect.
Legal Integrity Education - Uganda
Page 51
Poster on Investigative Report
“Come on......show us your best report!!”
We distribute this poster in our the campus; encouraging students to write their best report.
“....The best report will be published, in collaboration with Benny and Mice (a famous Indonesia’s cartoonists)....”
Legal Integrity Education - Uganda
Integrity for Youth [integrity 4Uth]
Jakarta, March, 2010
Page 53
Executive Summary• Youth, defined as those with age between 12 – 25, is a dominant component of world population;• In Indonesia, the number of youth reaches around 70 million, represents a third of total population; • If we intent to change the world....change the youth;• If we intent to create a new world in which integrity becomes part of people daily live....build integrity among the youth;• However, dealing with youth is a tough undertaking.......• .....since we don’t speak their language;• Integrity for Youth [integrity 4Uth] envisage to build awareness and attitude of integrity among the youth, using a new approach;• Paramadina Public Policy Institute, Youth Lab and Recapital Amanah Foundation hope that this program could outlay a sound base for anti-corruption awareness among the youth.
integrity 4Uth
Page 54
Interesting Fact: Friends
In average, Asian youth has:• 96 number in his/her mobile phone;• 87 instant message buddies;• 100 friends in social networks;• 4 social networking sites;
Source: MTV Music Mailers Research, 2008 (12 countries)
integrity 4Uth
Page 55
Interesting Fact: Friends
Source: MTV Music Mailers Research, 2008 (12 countries)
11 21 13 15 11 9 14 14 15 9 9 12 13
93 94
60 83
55 48 46 39 39 41 34 30 55
66 54
66 41
48 39 30 33 31 30 31 27
41
Online FriendsOffline FriendsClose Friends
In average Indonesian youth has 33 online friends, 39 offline friends and 14 close friends;
Friends tend to have more influence than teachers, parents and siblings;
Number of Friends
integrity 4Uth
Page 56
Interesting Fact: Social Networks
Source: MTV Music Mailers Research, 2008 (12 countries)
Online Social Network becomes a lifestyle;
In Indonesia, six largest networks are:
Twitter; Facebook; Friendster; Flixter; Myspace; and Flicker;
8
54 4 4 4 4
3 3 3 32
Viet Indo China Phil Mal Twn HK Aust Thai Sing Korea India
Number of Online Social Networks
integrity 4Uth
Page 57
The Project: 20,000 Feet View Promoting awareness on anticorruption and integrity
among youth; Create a tested and an efficient model to engage youth in
the war against corruption...... ..... which could be multiplied in various places;
The Objective
Communication gaps between the youth and adult.....is a killing handicap;
The vast number of youth and the fact that peers are their main influencer has made traditional approaches to build integrity ineffective and too expensive;
The Challenge
The Strategy
Riding the wave of youth new lifestyle or trend......online social networks;
Let the youth do the job for us;
integrity 4Uth
Page 58
The Plan.....Recruiting
Agents
Kit design & production
Training forintegrity agent
Monitoring(on line & off line)
Reportpreparation & dissemination
Determine the parameter of integrity agents; Select 30 agents form 30 high schools and
universities representing Jakarta area;
Create T-Shirt and bags with unique design; Agents wear the T-Shirt and bag for 30 days;
Provide agents with basic understanding on integrity and anticorruption;
Randomly monitor agents’ activities; Periodic coordination meeting with integrity agents;
Prepare comprehensive report, including video of integrity agents in action;
Publish result to maximize impact;
1
2
3
4
5
integrity 4Uth
Page 59
The Integrity Agents
Cool....very outgoing!! Active on online/offline Social
Network (min: 4 days posting on facebook & twitter);
Persuasive & Engaging; Min: 500 friends on facebook; Min: 300 followers on Twitter; Active on Kaskus & Kafe gaul; Talk about our message
through online/offline media for 30 days ;
Their criteria..........
integrity 4Uth
Page 60
The Places to Visit.....
Wearing specially design
T-Shirt, integrity agents visit these
places, to socialize and to
spread out integrity virus in
their community, using their own
approach
integrity 4Uth
Page 61
The Costume.....
sample only
Integrity agents are required to wear “Integrity T-Shirt” for 30 consecutive days....
.....no mater where they are: at campus, at shopping mall, at cafe, at mosque, at church, at home, even during dating;
Logo of Recapital, Paramadina & Youth Lab will be printed on the T-Shirt......
......together with eye-catching anticorruption or pro-integrity slogan.
integrity 4Uth
Page 62
The Three Fold Impact
On line Friends
Close Friends
Off line Friends
We expect that integrity agents could spread out our message to, at least, 420 close friends;
Through the off-line interaction, integrity agents would build awareness among, at least, 990 peers they meet at various places;
Awareness building among online friends is the main power of this project;
We expect that agents could create awareness among at least 15,000 youth,
.....maximum number is difficult to predict.
However, considering the trend, this number could be enormous
integrity 4Uth
Page 63
Impact : to Close Friends
No of agentsNo of close friends per
agent
No of youth persuaded
30 14* 420
no of close friends
persuaded
[420]
no of close friends per
youth
[14]
No of youth persuaded
5,880
Primary Impact
Secondary Impact
This situation can potentially create a kind ofspiral effect, which will end up with more
youth being aware of our message
integrity 4Uth
*) we believe that the integrity agents we recruit have more than 14 close friends.
1
Page 64
Impact : to Offline Friends
No of agentsNo of off line friends per
agent
No of youth persuaded
30 33* 990
No of off line friends
persuaded
[990]
No of off line friends per
youth
[33]
No of youth persuaded
32,670
Primary Impact
Secondary Impact
This situation can potentially create a kind ofspiral effect, which will end up with more
youth being aware of our message
integrity 4Uth
*) we believe that the integrity agents we recruit have more than 33 off line friends.
2
Page 65
Impact : to Online Friends
No of agentsSocial
Networks per -agents
Social friends per-agents, per social networks
30 5 100*
No of youth persuaded
[15,000]
Social networks per
youth
[5]No of social
friends/ youth/ social
networks
[????]
Primary Impact
Secondary Impact
This situation can potentially create a kind ofchain reaction, which will end up with moreyouth being aware of the message we deliver
No of youth persuaded
15,000
No of youth persuaded
[???]
integrity 4Uth
*) we recruit youth with more than 100 friends (our expectation is 500 or more) in each social networks they participate
3
Page 66
The Projected Outcome
integrity 4Uth
Impact to Worse CasePrimary Impact
Best CaseIncluding Secondary Impact
Integrity Agents 30 30
Close Friends 420 ??
Off Line Friends 990 ??
On Line Friends 15,000 ??
Total : 16,440* ??
Integrity 4Uth will build awareness to at least 15,000 youth..... ....with potential enormous secondary impact; Indonesia’s recent history has shown that social online network is a
powerful tool to build awareness and to mobilize support;
*) double counting may occur
Page 67
The Team Paramadina Public Policy Institute (“the Institute”) is an
independent, non-profit and non-partisan think-thank under the umbrella of Paramadina University.
The Institute envisage becoming a fountain of ideas for Indonesia, and have positioned ourselves as a critical but supportive partner of the government.
Website: http://policy.paramadina.ac.id
Youthlab is a think-thank, managed and established by students of Psychology Department, Univ. of Indonesia, who focus its research and activities on youth behavior.
Website: http://www.enterthelab.com
One of Indonesia’s leading investment firm. Through Recapital Amanah Foundation, Recapital would like to spread out it altruistic spirit all over Indonesia;
integrity 4Uth