Birth Date In glorious month October 10th (same day as birthday of Taiwan Island) Personal trait Responsible, considerate and trustworthy Appearance and Characteristics A passionate red heart, a huge head, two strong arms and legs Favorite dessert/food Pretzel, Canelé, Stinky tofu, passion fruit, pearl milk tea, Oyster omelet, etc Favorite star Mayday, Air Supply, U2, Maroon5 Favorite quote "Mind like parachute – only function when open!" Issue#3&4 www.gmors.com/gtimes G-TIMES • SEPTEMBER 30 & DECEMBER 30, 2012 1 Your Best Partner, Little Giant G The man without a purpose is like a ship without a rudder- a waif, a nothing, a no man. By Lucy Hsu/ Sales Dept. --- by Thomas Carlyle Once upon a time, there was a man named Little Giant G who worked in a rubber sealing company. His boss was pretty impressed by his performance at work and therefore Little Giant G soon got promoted. His other colleagues were happy for him but they were also curious about how he could both do a good job at work and lead a pleasant life. Known for his generosity, Little Giant G revealed his secret to others without hesitation. First, “I was used to make my brain work more”, Little Giant G said. Watching other people’s puzzled faces, he further explained, “I always kept thinking how I could learn from the mistakes I made in the past and turned them into stepping stone for future improvement. That’s why I had such a huge head”, he joked. Second, to raise others’ attention, he pointed his two strong arms and legs and said, “To seek continuous advancement at work, I exercised my left arm of constant learning to absorb and grow as much knowledge as I can.” “Besides, I took the initiative in every project at work with my right arm of quality consciousness”, he added. In addition to powerful arms, he humbly said, “Without putting on the shoes of teamwork and cooperation, and walking with legs of quality assurance and customer-oriented service, I couldn’t make a way out of each single step.” Last, he said, “With nice coordination of head, and two arms and legs, core ability could therefore come into being.” All of a sudden, Little Giant G paused. Everyone was staring at him and hoping to know what the core ability was all about. After a few seconds, Little Giant G grinned and continued: “core ability was widely obtaining the quality consciousness, actively involving in work and learning, and constantly improving with teamwork spirit.” Once he had finished his sentence, everybody clapped their hands and rejoiced. It is said that Little Giant G later opened his own company called GMORS. He taught his people his philosophy of making a successful work. This has become the core value of GMORS manpower quality and has been passed down to everyone in GMORS. A Chinese proverb goes well, “An artisan must first sharpen his tools if he is to do his work well.” This implies that if a man wants to do a good job, then he must prepare a nice tool first. Similarly, if you want to succeed in your business, then you should never miss GMORS. GMORS not only offers you sealing solutions to solve your problems, we also give you core value of Little Giant G to fight for you through the ups and downs. Now, let’s go to GMORS! Little Giant G - files Little Giant G Acknowledgements Thanks to Abigail Chen/ Human Resources for providing relevant materials. Without your efforts, Little Giant G will not come into being.
Transcript
Birth DateIn glorious month October 10th(same day as birthday of Taiwan Island)Personal traitResponsible, considerate and trustworthyAppearance and CharacteristicsA passionate red heart, a huge head,two strong arms and legsFavorite dessert/foodPretzel, Canelé, Stinky tofu, passion fruit,pearl milk tea, Oyster omelet, etcFavorite starMayday, Air Supply, U2, Maroon5Favorite quote"Mind like parachute – only function when open!"
I ssue#3&4
www.gmors.com/gtimes G-TIMES • SEPTEMBER 30 & DECEMBER 30, 2012 1
Your Best Partner, Little Giant GThe man without a purpose is like a ship without a rudder- a waif, a nothing, a no man.
By Lucy Hsu/ Sales Dept.
--- by Thomas Carlyle
Once upon a time, there was a man named Little Giant G who worked in a rubber sealing company. His boss was pretty impressed by his performance at work and therefore Little Giant G soon got promoted. His other colleagues were happy for him but they were also curious about how he could both do a good job at work and lead a pleasant life. Known for his generosity, Little Giant G revealed his secret to others without hesitation. First, “I was used to make my brain work more”, Little Giant G said. Watching other people’s puzzled faces, he further explained, “I always kept thinking how I could learn from the mistakes I made in the past and turned them into stepping stone for future improvement. That’s why I had such a huge head”, he joked. Second, to raise others’ attention, he pointed his two strong arms and legs and said, “To seek continuous advancement at work, I exercised my left arm of constant learning to absorb and grow as much knowledge as I can.” “Besides, I took the initiative in every project at work with my right arm of quality consciousness”, he added. In addition to powerful arms, he humbly said, “Without putting on the shoes of teamwork and cooperation, and walking with legs of quality assurance and customer-oriented service, I couldn’t make a way out of each single step.” Last, he said, “With nice coordination of head, and two arms and legs, core ability could therefore come into being.” All of a sudden, Little Giant G paused. Everyone was staring at him and hoping to know what the core ability was all about. After a few seconds, Little Giant G grinned and continued: “core ability was widely obtaining the quality consciousness, actively involving in work and learning, and constantly improving with teamwork spirit.” Once he had finished his sentence, everybody clapped their hands and rejoiced. It is said that Little Giant G later opened his own company called GMORS. He taught his people his philosophy of making a successful work. This has become the core value of GMORS manpower quality and has been passed down to everyone in GMORS. A Chinese proverb goes well, “An artisan must first sharpen his tools if he is to do his work well.” This implies that if a man wants to do a good job, then he must prepare a nice tool first. Similarly, if you want to succeed in your business, then you should never miss GMORS. GMORS not only offers you sealing solutions to solve your problems, we also give you core value of Little Giant G to fight for you through the ups and downs. Now, let’s go to GMORS!
Little Giant G - files
Little Giant G
AcknowledgementsThanks to Abigail Chen/ Human Resources for providing relevant materials. Without your efforts, Little Giant G will not come into being.
www.gmors.com/gtimesG-TIMES • SEPTEMBER 30 & DECEMBER 30, 20122
Introduction to Measuring InstrumentsBy Ting-yu Kuo/ QA Dept.
“Nonstop to pursue outstanding performance in elastomeric seals industry” is the spirit that drives GMORS to keep growing since establishment in year 1981. A compression machine symbols GMORS’ first step, and today GMORS footprints extend across many countries around the world. More importantly, GMORS product quality has been improved from general grades to several international quality certificates such as ISO-9002, TS-16949, AS-9100, etc. To live up to the promise of “Honor GMORS Quality, Honor GMORS Customers”, GMORS Quality Assurance Team is devoted to assure excellent quality; therefore, the following will focus on appropriate technique applied in measuring instrument and the comparison among diverse measuring instruments. Since measuring instrument on the market now varies, selecting correct and proper instrument is pretty essential. Basically, measuring instrument for O-ring, Molded shape or Gasket can be classified into two types: one is to measure inside and outside dimension, and the other is to measure thickness.
1. Measuring instrument for ID & OD: Includes Manual Vision Measuring Machine, 3D Automated Vision Measuring Machine, Measuring Tape, Caliper, Auto Visual Inspection Machine, Single Piece Visual Inspection Machine , and Fitting Gauge.
2. Measuring instrument for CS:Inc ludes Cal iper, Thickness gauge , Micrometer Screw Gauge, 3D Automated Vision Measuring Machine.
[Caliper] capable of measuring inside, outside dimensions and the length. It is mobile for measuring and is easier to carry and use. The best measuring precision can be 0.010mm from digital readout, but with higher potential measuring deviation owing to manual operation.[Auto Visual Inspection Machine] is designed to perform a 100% inspection of circular rubber seals, detecting surface defects or irregularities. In addition to measure dimensions, it also can sort the parts into different quality categories. However, the maximum size is limited by the lens and hardware units of the auto machine operation system. The dimensional sensor accuracy is between 0.010mm to 0.030mm based on varied dimensions.[Single Piece Visual Inspection Machine]a non-contact automatic measurement, which measures dimensions through vision systems and obtains the required information directly from images and/or by fast and accurate laser system. It also can control and measure more pieces at one time, or one piece for larger dimensions. The best measuring accuracy is within 0.010mm.[Fitting Gauge] suitable for measuring rubber parts with irregular complex shapes or circular parts, which requires actual functional fit. It is an attribute detect method and does not have higher measuring accuracy. But its advantages are fast, easier and exact.
[Caliper] quick and mobile for height or thickness measuring operation, but with higher potential measuring deviation owing to manual operation.[Thickness gauge] is a quick and easier measuring instrument. The fixed weight loading of measuring probe enables more accurate measuring results and prevents from manual measuring deviation. The best measuring accuracy is within 0.010mm.[Micrometer Screw Gauge] a contact measuring device for short distance, which is similar to Caliper, but with additional measuring procedures for readout. The best measuring accuracy is within 0.010mm.
[Manual Vision Measuring Machine] is capable of measuring kinds of dimension like diameter, length, angle and radius by using a fixed magnification probe. Measuring accuracy is between 0.010mm to 0.020mm. The measuring is more time-consuming because of its more complex measuring procedures.[ 3D Au toma ted Vi s ion Measu r ing Machine] is for more functional measuring operation and more capable of measuring various dimensions like diameter, length, angle, radius and geometric dimensions. This system provides a high precision measurement solution for large parts with programmable zoom lens, servo motion control and measure parts can up to 2.5 meters, and also is commonly used with multiples of smaller parts nested in a fixture for machine inspection automatically. Measuring accuracy can be around 0.010 mm.[Measuring Tape] capable of measuring circular parts with larger and/or huge dimensions. The measuring readout is by human eyes resulting in different measuring statistics. But, if manual measuring operation is appropriate, measuring accuracy can be between 0.10mm to 0.20mm.
height or thickness measurement. With excellent precision, measuring accuracy is within 0.010 mm. But the measurement is more time-consuming, due to more measuring procedures and/or the time spent on cutting the measured parts for height or thickness measuring. Rubber seals are elastomeric materials whose size and shape are easily deformed under pressure or other force from the outside. Although rubber has shape memory, the shape cannot completely recover from compression or extension. Therefore, it is required to make sure the product is not deformed notably, not changed by external force and has no obvious surface defect, e.g. incomplete filling, cutting angle, residual flash, so that the measure data can be precise. It would be a better way to measure rubber products with non-contact instruments to prevent the data from human factors and this is the so-called Gauge R&R (Repeatability & Reproducibility). To measure dimension of rubber seals by using non-contact measuring instruments, GMORS would like to recommend 3D Automated Vision Measuring Machine, Single Piece Visual Inspection Machine and Auto Visual Inspection Machine.[3D Automated Vision Measuring Machine] (Micro Vu). Has powerful function. Accuracy is within 0.01mm. Mainly for measuring gasket, part dimension, cross-section, roundness and defects on the surface. [Single Piece Visual Inspection Machine] (Kalix,Migg,Auto gauge) Mainly for measuring O-ring ID 2mm~450mm. Is able to receive measuring statistics of ID, OD and CS dimensions in a short time and to control production variance, SPC and follow-up revision.[Auto Visual Inspection Machine] (Doss, Basler Vario, UTP) Use to inspect appearance and dimension of O-ring, which is more accurate than traditional visual sorting; but costs more time and money. This inspection is not a must if customers do not bring up a need for this special request. In terms of thickness measurement, GMORS prefers to use Mitutoyo as main testing equipment which can collect data rapidly without interference of human factors. To acquire objective data, the force spring on the inside should be taken out so that the test can do a contact measurement with low force. 3D Automated Vision Measuring Machine can be used for cross-reference to get the most accurate data when measurement has argument.
[3D Automated Vision Measuring Machine] a non-contact height or thickness measurement, by using Z axial projection and/or cutting the parts for
www.gmors.com/gtimes G-TIMES • SEPTEMBER 30 & DECEMBER 30, 2012 3
2. Special purpose U-cup seal – one-way direction for rod or piston only. Wiper: UA2, UB1Damper: UE1Piston only: UC3, UC6, UC7
Usually, we define the rod or piston d i m e n s i o n w i t h I N C H o r M M . We GMORS have a complete series of hydrau-pneumatic seals specification. If you have any questions about the seals, please contact Mr. Lubby for more information (via phone +886-4-781-0288 EXT# 18222 or via email: [email protected])
Except for the unique application, generally speaking we classify the seals into two types.
The application of hydrau-pneumatic sealing is quite different from O-rings sealing. To make a better sealing performance, we have to understand the conditions well before selecting the seals. In the following article, we make a brief introduction about the hydrau-pneumatic seals application.
By Trulli Hsieh/ Application Engineer
First, we need to realize the specification of the hydrau-pneumatic seals; for rod and piston. The dimension for rod we show it as d x D x H (rod groove inner d x outer D x Height). For piston, we show it as D x d x H (piston groove outer D x inner d x Height). Second, the clear information for the following conditions is important. 1. d 25 x D 35 x H 9 mm for rod2. Temperature- to determine the material type3. Pressure- to define the material hardness4. Medium (liquid or air)- to choose the proper compounds that could be well resistant in that medium5. Movement and the location- to confirm the seals shape and the function. For
Once we have the location and the dimensions, and also confirm the usage conditions, we are able to select a suitable seal according to the catalogue. (See Figure 1.) Symmetrical piston/rod U-cup seal UF20023:25 x 35 x 9 mm could be used in this environment; GMORS compound N8594AA is recommended. (Figure 1.)
Brief Introduction to Hydraulic&Pneumatic Seals
To sum up above measuring technologies for current rubber components, please also find a GeMao Rubber Measuring Equipments List below and understand what GMORS measures our supplied parts with the advanced equipments.
O: Main equipment ( Excellent ) △: Optional equipment (good) X: Not recommend
3D Micro-Vu Optical (non-contact) O O X △ O O O O O O O
Auto-Gauge Optical (non-contact) O O
Kalix (UTP) Optical (non-contact) O O X
Migg (DOSS) Laser (non-contact) O O
Basler Vario Optical (non-contact) O O O O
Scrappix (UTP) Optical (non-contact) O O X O O △
Thickness Gauge Digital (contact) O
PI Tape Ruller (contact) O
Caliper Digital (contact) X X X △ △
Micrometer Micrometer (contact) X X
Fitting Gauge Gauge (contact) △ △ △
Roughness Machine Digital (contact) O
X2 Magnifer Vision (non-contact) △ △
x7 - x45 Magnifier (w/ monitor)
CCD (noncontact) △ △
Comparing with other competitors, GMORS has several high-precision Single Piece Visual Inspection Machine, 3D Automated Vision Measuring Machine and Auto Visual Inspection Machine. All instruments’ precision must be deliberately evaluated, and any one with precision below 0.01mm will not be adopted. With high quality instruments, proper testing methods and integrated training are necessary to eliminate inaccuracy as much as we can. When doubt occurs on measuring products during manufacturing process, GMORS owns various instruments to do cross assessment to obtain the most accurate data. Besides, if measuring gap exists between customers and GMORS, GMORS will make cross-refer with customer’s data and communicate with customers regarding testing methods to avoid disagreement effectively. Thus, GMORS is confident of providing products with high-precision and quality to satisfy clients’ demands. Our main objective is to reach customers’ satisfaction, and GMORS will always be your best rubber components partner. Right now, it is time to make a great decision to select GMORS as your best partner!
example, if we have the customer’s condition, temperature -20℃ to 120℃ pressure < 14Mpa in the hydraulic environment (GMORS compounds meet various hydraulic oils in the market) back and forth movement in piston
1. Symmetrical U-cup seal – can be used for rod and piston. Ex. UF1, UF2, UF3, UF4, UF5, UF6, UH1, UH2
Measuring Characteristics
Measuring Equipments
www.gmors.com/gtimesG-TIMES • SEPTEMBER 30 & DECEMBER 30, 20124
Dear GMORS Partners, By Lucy Hsu/ Sales Dept.
G-TIMESChief Editor/ Monica Liao
Editorial Team/ Antony Hsu, Paul NienLubby Lu, Evan Tseng,
Lucy Hsu
When to Use FFKM Material?By Christine Wu/Sales Dept.
F F K M i s t h e a b b r e v i a t e d n a m e o f P e r f l u o r o e l a s t o m e r s . F F K M o r Perfluoroelastomer is the complete fluorinated rubber; it is widely used in the most dangerous and strict technique environment for sealing.
The fully-fluorinated monomers contained in FFKM are the reason it exhibits superior chemical resistance. (Figure 1.) Considering various chemical properties like strong alkali, strong acid, oxidant, fuel, ketones and so on, where most of the polymers are unable to
(Figure 1.)
GMORStay Healthy, Stay Positive According to World Health Organization (WHO), obesity is defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health. It can cause a number of chronic diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Obesity is not a disease but it somehow can be fatal if one’s weight is way out of control. In addition to obesity, smoking likewise, can be a great threat to our health. For the worse, nonsmokers who are exposed to secondhand smoke also suffer from the related diseases. Therefore, in response to Bureau of Health Promotion, Taiwan, GMORS Administrative Department has initiated “3:8 Weight-Loss Contest” and “Non-Smoking-GMORS Activity” since this mid-September, hoping to create a pleasant and friendly work environment for GMORS employees.
A swearing-in ceremony held on September 15th in GMORS headquarters.
Everybody was lining up to measure their weight. By the way, do you know what 3:8 stands for? In Taiwanese pronunciation, it means “thinner.”
Ladies and gentlemen, 3:8 Award goes to…
Ta-da! Congratulations to Kuo-hs iang, Er ic , and Daisy! Kuo-hsiang(right) won first prize. Guess how much weight did he lose? It’s nearly 29 pounds! Awesome, isn’t it?
Phenix was taking his oath, “I, Phenix, from now on, will NOT have barbeque ANYMORE.”
To quit smoking habit, our GM, Mr. Henry Nien says “Yes, we can!”
Kaiming, one colleague from Cost Center, is determined to kick smoking habit for good.
Welcome to G-TIMES! This issue begins with the story of Little Giant G. Well, what do you think of Little Giant G? Are you inspired by him that you want to work hard for your boss, too? If you are, I am sure sooner or later the door to job promotion will open for you. Or are you more interested in his favorite Pearl Milk Tea and wonder its taste? Believe me, Pearl Milk Tea is the same irresistible as Little Giant G. Next time you visit GMORS, let us do the honors and treat you this supper yummy drink. Okay, enough for the stomach, but is anything for your food for thought in this issue? Definitely, yes! In this issue, we introduce GMORS measuring equipments, remind a few considerations when selecting hydraulic and pneumatic seals, and focus on how AEM and FKM materials apply to Turbocharger System. Last, this time, we also prepare delicate gifts for our honest readers. Let’s join and receive at http://www.gmors.com/GTIMES/ !
Photos provided by Ya-fen Huang/ Human Resources and Eric Hsieh/ Sales Dept.
h a n d l e , F F K M g i v e s o u t s t a n d i n g performancein the widest possible range of chemicals as the bonds between carbon and fluorine atoms are extremely strong making the chemical structure virtually unbreakable. Perfrez, is particularly designed for handling harsh applications, for examples Petro-chemical, CPI, Semiconductor…e t c . T h e b a c k b o n e o f P e r f r e z i s p e r f l u o r o e l a s t o m e r s w i t h G M O R S professional lab and R&D teamwork that we can proudly introduce Perfrez to meet most of requirements in the harshest environments.Looking for alternative? For more specific information on FFKM material products, please contact me any time via phone +886-4-781-2299 EXT# 28024 or via email: [email protected].
www.gmors.com/gtimes 5G-TIMES • SEPTEMBER 30 & DECEMBER 30, 2012
How AEM and FKM Materials Apply to Turbocharger System By Samson Lu/ Laboratory & Application Engineer
Diesel engine technology attracts so much of our attention with its amazing capability of supplying strong and efficient power. However, this technology is controversial due to the air pollution particles (Particle Matter, PM) caused during combustion. To strike a balance between power and environmental protection, Exhaust Gas Recirculation System (EGR System) therefore came into being. EGR works by re-circulating part of the blow-by gas back to the engine cylinders to help the complete combustion; at the same time, works by using the waste heat of blow-by gas to make more stable engine temperature. (See Figure 1.)
Figure 1. Rubber parts in air management
Over a century of development, diesel engine technology has gone through a great move forward in the latest 20 years. Two main factors have caused this revolution, the use of biodiesel and the implementation of environmental regulations, which put rubber seals in an even harsher usage environment. Hence, we have to choose more high-end materials and re-design the compound recipe to accommodate rubber seals to the acidic substances and higher usage temperature under a more complicated medium. 1. Use of biodiesel In recent years, oil depletion and the instability among international community have raised great concern, so does the oil price soar year by year. Also, fossil fuel is a non-renewable energy, which impacts the environment a lot. This is why seeking alternative energy now becomes a hot-button issue. In addition to solar and wind power energy, biofuel is another common alternative. Biofuel can be divided into two types: gasoline type with methanol and ethanol additive; biodiesel type with fatty acid ester coming from animal and plant resources. This new alternative brings rubber seals a huge influence, due to its varied compositions and different volume of additives. What makes the compound recipe design even harder is that there is no standard specification among the countries yet, and specifications of automotive components also differ from each brand.
Biodiesel can hugely affect rubber seals because its molecules can easily invade the rubber structure and result in volume expansion, i.e. loosen structure, lower harness and broken appearance. Excessive volume expansion of the rubber seals causes extrusion from groove seam and leads to leakage problem. Experimental data indicates that biodiesel with partial fatty acid ester added will influence rubber seals far more than pure diesel or biodiesel. Therefore, the existing materials and compound recipes fail to meet the requirements of this new fuel system, and we must apply new materials and adjust the formula to meet the demand. Currently, GMORS has developed a series of compounds that allow rubber seals to withstand the direct and indirect contact with biofuel and biodiesel.
OEM X OEM Y
Acid Type Mineral Organic
pH 3.3 3.0
Main Acid Sulfuric Acid Formic Acid
Minor Acid Nitric Acid Proprionic Acid
Other ingredients NaCl, NaOH Ammonium Salts
Table 1. Composition of acid condensate solutions in biodiesel
Table 2. Features of AEM and FKM Compounds
AEM Compounds* FKM Compounds**
Service Temperature, °C 175 250
Short Term Peak Temp, °C 200 275
Low Temperature, Tg,°C -30 to -40 -10 to -30
Fluid Resistance in
Engine Oil/ATF Good Good
Gasoline Fair Good
Gasoline/Alcohol Blends Fair Good
Acid Condensate Good Good
Gasoline Permeation Fair Low
Good Comp Set at Temp, °C 150 200
Performance in CSR at 150°C Good Good
Table 3. Recommended AEM and FKM compounds for EGR systemGMORS cmpd No. G6506AA G7006AA V7617AA V7618AA
Type AEM GLS AEM GFKM GLT LT grade
peroxideFKM GF 70% F peroxide
Description
improved oil resistance, fair low temperature
resistance,DOTG free
excellent low temperature resistance, DOTG free
best low temperature resistance among FKMs,
Tg -30°C, a special formula for biodiesel
applications
best chemical resistance, less low
temperature resistance among FKMs, a special
formula for biodiesel applications
Hardness, (Shore A ), (ASTM D2240-05)
68 74 76 76
Tensile Strength, psi (Mpa) (ASTM D412-06a)
2578(17.43) 2601 (17.94) 2716(18.73) 3382(23.32)
Elongation, (%) (ASTM D412-06a)
220 204 236 295
Modulus at 100%, psi (Mpa) (ASTM D412-06a)
1029.5(7.1) 1379(9.51) 715(4.93) 773(5.33)
2. Implementation of environmental regulations - Euro Standard Recently, European Union (EU) has promoted vehicle emission control of harmful substances such as PM, NOx, Acids. So far, from the present Euro V (year 2009) and to the future Euro VI (year 2014), recirculation rate of the blow-by gas and exhaust gas condensate in EGR system has to increase from 25% to 75%. To achieve the requirements of reducing the harmful substances, the working temperature of the engine goes up from 100 ℃ to 150 ~ 200 ℃. Thus, in the past we use NBR, HNBR and ECO materials; now we are forced to replace with ACM, AEM and even FKM, which have better high temperature resistance. New EGR system contains either low pressure loop or high pressure loop. (Figure 2.) Temperature of low pressure loop is about 150 ℃, and thus we recommend AEM material, i.e. GMORS G7005AA and G7006AA. Moreover, temperature of high pressure loop is about 200 ℃, and we suggest GMORS V7618AA, a high fluorine content FKM formula that is especially designed for biodiesel medium. Biodiesel after combustion will produce more acidic substances with pH value around 3.0. Among acidic substances, organic acids such as formic acid and acetic acid are more destructive to rubber seals.
www.gmors.com/gtimes 6G-TIMES • SEPTEMBER 30 & DECEMBER 30, 2012
From test data Figure 3. and Figure 4., we can see changes in properties after one week at 90℃ in mineral and organic acid by different elastomers, i.e. AEM, FKM, ACM, CPE, ECO. In mineral acid, OEM X, shows that besides AEM and FKM, other materials have obvious changes in physical properties. In organic acid, OEM Y, ACM is ruined by the organic acid and has dramatic changes in volume swell, which is almost doubled. CPE and ECO have been decomposed and the value can not even be measured. Only AEM and FKM can remain normal.
Figure 3. Change in properties after 168h@90℃ in mineral acid by different elastomers
Figure 4. Change in properties after168h@90℃ in organic acid by differentelastomers
Test data Figure 5. and Figure 6. reveals further analysis of different kinds of AEM and FKM. In mineral acid, OEM X, shows no obvious changes in physical properties. But in organic acid, OEM Y, ACM can still remain normal; for FKM, only certain recipes can withstand the impact under
Figure 5. Change in properties after 168h@90℃ in mineral acid
Figure 6. Change in properties after 168h@90℃ in organic acid
Figure 7. Change in properties from 1 to 6 weeks@90℃ in organic acid
Figure 8. Change in tensile strength at break after 168h testing in organic acid by higher temperatures
Figure 9 . Change in volume after 168h testing in organic acid by higher temperatures
To sum up, due to the tension raised by oil depletion and high oil price, use of biodiesel has become the trend. After combustion, biodiesel will produce acidic materials which cause great damage on rubber seals. Therefore, in order to choose appropriate materials , we need to take this into consideration when developing new recipes. Further more, the stricter emission standards force the system working temperature to increase so that rubber seals have to be able to withstand a higher temperature. Analysis indicates that AEM material is preferable in low pressure loop (working temperature is about 150 ° C) and a special formula of high fluorine content FKM is more suitable in high pressure loop (working temperature is over 150 ° C). As the requirements of automotive industry have become tougher, so engineers have to set a higher standard when designing new formulas. Low-end materials are therefore gradually replaced with high-end materials. This situation occurs not only in EGR system but also in radiator of cooling system. And as the system working temperature increases, substituting EPDM by VQM and FKM has become a must.
AcknowledgementsThanks to DuPont team for providing some data and background knowledge. Thanks to Edward McBride, K. Kammerer, L. Lefebvre, Tony Tan and Gabriel Wu; this article would not be complete without your help.
To make sure that AEM and FKM can meet the Euro VI requirements, test temperature in organic acids needs to increase to 120° C or even to 150° C. Tensile strength and volume change turn out to maintain a certain level,which obviously proves
special environments. When we extend the test duration to six weeks, we can see that only AEM and specially formulated peroxide high fluorine FKM can maintain its stability of physical properties. (Figure 7.)
that AEM and FKM are the most suitable material under a high-temperature and acidic environment in turbocharged EGR system.
