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YOURLOGOHERE
Illinois State University
Body Composition
Chapters 7 and 8
YOURLOGOHERE
Illinois State University
Body Composition Overweight vs Overfat Metropolitan Life Insurance Height-
Weight Charts
YOURLOGOHERE
Illinois State University
Two-component Model: Fat mass Fat-free mass
YOURLOGOHERE
Illinois State University
Four Component Model Adipose Bone Muscle Water
YOURLOGOHERE
Illinois State University
Criterion Referenced Standards:
College Aged Men Women
Underfat < 3% <12% Healthy Zones 3-20% 12-30% Overfat >20% > 30% Obese > 25% > 35%
YOURLOGOHERE
Illinois State University
Essential Fat Necessary for normal physiologic
function Men = ~ 3% Women = ~ 12%
YOURLOGOHERE
Illinois State University
Non-essential fat Stored energy Average for College Aged Man = 12% Woman = 12%
YOURLOGOHERE
Illinois State University
Average for College Aged
Male = 15%Female = 24%
YOURLOGOHERE
Illinois State University
Sport specific body fat levels
Movement required? Resistance to movement required?
YOURLOGOHERE
Illinois State University
Body Composition Abnormalities
Obesity Epidemic– $168 billion expense– 33.3% of all U.S. adults are obese - “an
excess of body fat frequently resulting in a significant impairment of health”
– ~70% are sedentary– ~25% of school-aged children are
obese.– 70% chance of early death.
YOURLOGOHERE
Illinois State University
Creeping Obesity Food Intake Activity Levels Basal Metabolic Rate
YOURLOGOHERE
Illinois State University
Fat Management Energy in = energy out = no
change in fatness Energy in > energy out = get
fatter Energy in < energy out = lose
fat
YOURLOGOHERE
Illinois State University
IT IS JUST AS DANGEROUS TO YOUR HEALTH TO BE
UNDERFAT AS IT IS TO BE OVERFAT!!!!!
YOURLOGOHERE
Illinois State University
Underfatness and eating disorders
Anorexia nervosa Bulimia nervosa
YOURLOGOHERE
Illinois State University
Factors Influencing Body Composition
Energy intake Energy output Genetics
YOURLOGOHERE
Illinois State University
Fat Patterning Sex related patterns Genetic based patterns
YOURLOGOHERE
Illinois State University
Truncal Adiposity
YOURLOGOHERE
Illinois State University
Fat Storage One door room. Primary storage sites. Secondary storage sites. Hyperplasia vs Hypertrophy
YOURLOGOHERE
Illinois State University
Unwise Fat Loss Techniques
1. Starvation. Fat loss Water loss = dehydration Muscle loss. Fat gain.
YOURLOGOHERE
Illinois State University
Unwise Fat Loss Techniques
2. Decreased retention Laxatives and Diuretics
– dehydration– malnutrition
YOURLOGOHERE
Illinois State University
Unwise Fat Loss Techniques
3. Increased metabolism. Stimulants
– tolerance– addiction
YOURLOGOHERE
Illinois State University
Unwise Fat Loss Techniques
4. Liposuction.
YOURLOGOHERE
Illinois State University
Unwise Fat Loss Techniques
5. Magic.– Pills– Lotions– Vibration– etc
YOURLOGOHERE
Illinois State University
Reality vs Image
YOURLOGOHERE
Illinois State University
YOURLOGOHERE
Illinois State University
YOURLOGOHERE
Illinois State University
YOURLOGOHERE
Illinois State University
YOURLOGOHERE
Illinois State University
Maintenance of a Healthy Body Composition Profile
The only proven way to maintain a healthy body composition profile is to balance healthy nutrition with regular exercise.
YOURLOGOHERE
Illinois State University
Fat Loss
Dieting alone is ineffective
YOURLOGOHERE
Illinois State University
Fat Loss
Exercise alone is also ineffective.
You would have to run 35 miles to expend the energy in one pound of fat!
YOURLOGOHERE
Illinois State University
Fat Loss
Of the two, exercise is most influential
YOURLOGOHERE
Illinois State University
ACSM recommends eat 250 less per day expend 250 more per day
– (walk 2.5 miles) = 500 kcal per day reduction
YOURLOGOHERE
Illinois State University
ACSM recommends do this 7 days a week = 3500 kcal in a week = 52 lbs in a year
See additional recommendations
YOURLOGOHERE
Illinois State University
Assessment of Body Composition
1. Chemical analysis of cadavers. Most accurate Can only pre-test Tough finding volunteers
YOURLOGOHERE
Illinois State University
Assessment of Body Composition
2. Hydrostatic weighing.– Land weight– Residual Volume and
GI volume– Water weight– Archimedes’ principle– Density– Percent fat.– + 2 percent error.
YOURLOGOHERE
Illinois State University
Assessment of Body Composition
3. Skinfold assessment. Subcutaneous fat Site specific
measurements Population specific
equations– Jackson, Pollock,
Wilmore– Lohman– Yuhaz
+ 3-4 percent error
YOURLOGOHERE
Illinois State University
Assessment of Body Composition
4. Body Mass Index wt (kg)/ht
2 (m)
Normal = < 25 men; < 27 women Moderately obese = 25-30 men;
27-30 women Massively obese = 30-40 either Morbidly obese = > 40.
YOURLOGOHERE
Illinois State University
Assessment of Body Composition
5. Bioelectric Impedance Analysis
Electrical current Total body water
volume Body density Fat mass +3-20 percent error
(depending on equation)
YOURLOGOHERE
Illinois State University
Assessment of Body Composition
Bod Pod Air
displacement
YOURLOGOHERE
Illinois State University
Concerns of Assessment: Confidentiality Accuracy Purpose Over-emphasis
YOURLOGOHERE
Illinois State University
Current Body Wt
Goal % Fat*
Goal % LBM*
Current % Fat*
Current Fat Wt
Current LBM
Target Body Wt
1
* % is expressed as a decimal. Divide by 100 before entering the data.
X byminus
minus
Computing Target Wt assuming all wt. Loss is fat
Fill in boxes with double lines and compute others