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1Youth Violence: What We Need To Know
YOUTH VIOLENCE:WHAT WE NEED TO KNOW
Report of the Subcommittee on Youth Violence of the Advisory Committee to the Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences Directorate, National Science Foundation
February 1 and 2, 2013
This document has been archived.
Youth Violence: What We Need To Know2
1Youth Violence: What We Need To Know
YOUTH VIOLENCE: WHAT WE NEED TO KNOW
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INTRODUCTION
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Youth Violence: What We Need To Know2
YOUTH VIOLENCE AND EXPOSURE TO MEDIA VIOLENCE
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caused
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At-risk Individuals
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Fantasy-reality Distinctions and Transfer to Real-life Settings
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3Youth Violence: What We Need To Know
Group Processes
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Environmental Factors -
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Biological Factors
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SOCIAL REJECTION AND PEER HIERARCHIES-
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rampage shooters
poor urban youth,
Youth Violence: What We Need To Know4
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5Youth Violence: What We Need To Know
COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY
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FAMILY INFLUENCES ON VIOLENT BEHAVIOR
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Youth Violence: What We Need To Know6
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DATA MINING FOR PREDICTION AND INTERDICTION OF SHOOTINGS
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7Youth Violence: What We Need To Know
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GUN POLICY AND YOUTH
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Youth Violence: What We Need To Know8
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CONCLUSION-
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9Youth Violence: What We Need To Know
APPENDIX A: SUMMARIES FROM SUBCOMMITTEE PARTICIPANTS
Table of Contents
Adolescent Pecking Orders, Failed Joiners and the Logic of Signaling Behavior Among Rampage Shoot Shooters,
Media Violence and Youth Violence
Rejection and Lethal Violence, ,
A Brief Look at Sociological Perspectives on Peer Hierarchies, Organizational Conditions in Schools, and Youth
Some Key Facts About Criminal Violence Pertinent to the Relation of Self-Control to Violence
Family Roles in Youth Violence,
Understanding Factors of Youth Violence Through the Study of Cyberbullying,
Data Mining for Prediction of Youth Violence: Methods, Challenges, Open Questions,
Patterns of Access to Guns Among Adolescents/Young Adults, Recent Advances in Interdiction, Public Opinion Toward Assault Weapons,
An Evolutionary Perspective on Youth Violence,
Youth Violence: What We Need To Know10
Adolescent Pecking Orders, Failed Joiners and the Logic of Signaling Behavior Among Rampage Shoot Shooters
are
What We Need to Know
11Youth Violence: What We Need To Know
The role of social media in signaling behavior
institutional trust.
intersection between adolescents and adults
The relationship between institutional structure and the detection of deviant behavior
Perceptions of masculinity
Youth Violence: What We Need To Know12
Media Violence and Youth Violence
1 M
scripts
13Youth Violence: What We Need To Know
11
cooperative condition
competitive conditioncontrol condition
Youth Violence: What We Need To Know14
arousal theory
social cognitive theory
schema theory
psychoanalytic theory
The Evidence
Stereotype formation
Motivational incentives.
15Youth Violence: What We Need To Know
Behavioral outcomes.
Link between Media Aggression Research and Rampage Shootings
Reducing the Risks for Rampage Shootings
Youth Violence: What We Need To Know16
Rejection and Lethal Violence
Aggression Versus Ingratiation
Individual Differences in Sensitivity to Rejection
“If..Then” Perspective on Responses to Rejection Cues
source form
Self-regulatory Competency
17Youth Violence: What We Need To Know
Why Does Rejection Have Such a Profound Effect in Adolescence?
Why Lethal Violence?
Need for Future Research
Youth Violence: What We Need To Know18
19Youth Violence: What We Need To Know
Lessons Worth Pursuing From the Study of Suicide in Youth
Youth Violence: What We Need To Know20
A Brief Look at Sociological Perspectives on Peer Hierarchies, Organizational Conditions in Schools, 1
Conceptualizing Peer Hierarchies
1
21Youth Violence: What We Need To Know
111
A Note on Methods
Future Research Questions
Youth Violence: What We Need To Know22
23Youth Violence: What We Need To Know
Some Key Facts About Criminal Violence Pertinent to the Relation of Self-control to Violence
See Bibliography References121
Youth Violence: What We Need To Know24
Family Roles in Youth Violence
Family-focused Intervention and Youth Violence
25Youth Violence: What We Need To Know
Recent Reports on Family Roles in Risk and Resilience
Barriers to Families Seeking Help for Youth Violence Concerns
Building on Future Longitudinal Studies of Child Development
Needed Research on Family Roles in Prenatal Development and Early Childhood
Strategies to Improve Monitoring by Parents to Reduce Youth Violence
Research Needed on Intergenerational Transmissions of Risk and Protection for Violence
Youth Violence: What We Need To Know26
Improving Systems Designed to Support Families
27Youth Violence: What We Need To Know
Understanding Factors of Youth Violence Through the Study of Cyberbullying
Teens and Social Media
Cyberbullying
Bullying and Violent Behavior
Computational Methods
Detection
Youth Violence: What We Need To Know28
Prevention and Intervention
Studying Factors of Youth Violence in Social Media
29Youth Violence: What We Need To Know
Data Mining for Prediction of Youth Violence: Methods, Challenges, Open Questions
“Data mining… may be particularly helpful in identifying signaling behavior that precedes rare events. What are the most recent advances in understanding signaling behavior through data mining? What are the civil liberties implications of their use?”
Background
prediction regression, modeling
detection
youth violence
Methodsplace-based crime prediction
where when who
individual-based crime prediction
links
Challenges
Youth Violence: What We Need To Know30
open questions
31Youth Violence: What We Need To Know
Patterns of Access to Guns Among Adolescents/Young Adults, Recent Advances in Interdiction, Public Opinion Toward Assault Weapons
Less than 21 (n=642)
21 and older (n=765)
n % n %FFL 36 5.6 123 16.1Friends/Family Member 233 36.3 323 42.2Street/Black Market 303 47.2 224 29.3Gun Show/Flea Market 5 0.8 19 2.5Stolen/Victim 65 10.1 76 9.9
Youth Violence: What We Need To Know32
How Should the Debates Over Gun Control Be Productively Framed to Capture the Adolescent and Young Adult Access Questions?
33Youth Violence: What We Need To Know
An Evolutionary Perspective on Youth Violence
ongoing interactions in developing individuals between genetic, endocrine, and environmental factors
in vivo
Youth Violence: What We Need To Know34
1 Developmental Psychology, 43
Psychological Bulletin, 136
Science, 295,
Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 38
Children and the faces of television: Teaching, violence, selling
, , Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100
Communication Research, 30
Child Development, 74
Multivariate applications in the social sciences
11 Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58
American Psychologist, 58,
Pediatrics, 123
American Psychologist, 56
Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44
National Television Violence study, vol. 1
National Television Violence study, vol. 2
Journal of Communication, 52
Journal of the American Medical Association, 291,
Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 160,
, Television and behavior: Ten years of
35Youth Violence: What We Need To Know
The handbook of children, media, and development
Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 15
Children’s gender schemata: Origins and implications New Directions in Child Development
Psychological Bulletin, 95
A primer of Freudian psychology
Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 8
Sex Roles, 45
Children’s gender schemata: Origins and implications New Directions in Child Development
Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 8
The handbook of children, media, and development
Psychological Bulletin, 136
American Behavioral Scientist, 51
American Behavioral Scientist, 51
Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 1
The handbook of children, media, and development
Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 1
Journal of Personality, 78
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70
Psychological Bulletin, 122
Handbook of self-regulation: Research, theory, and applications
Social Cognition, 17
Coping and defending: Processes of self-environment organization
American Psychologist, 54,
, ,
Psychological Science, 15
Youth Violence: What We Need To Know36
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry Law
Psychological Medicine
Child Psychiatry and Human Development
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
New Directions for Youth Development
New Directions for Youth Development
Journal of Media Psychology
Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking
Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking
Journal of Adolescent Health,
Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking
Issues in Mental Health Nursing
Peer Power: Preadolescent Culture and Identity.
Annual Review of Sociology
The Gang: A Study of 1,313 Gangs in Chicago.
Delinquent Boys: The Culture of the Gang.
The Adolescent Society: The Social Life of the Teenager and Its Impact on Education.
Subcultural theory: Traditions and Concepts.
Keepin’ It Real: School Success Beyond Black and White
Stubborn Roots: Race, Culture, and Inequality in U.S. and South African Schools.
Freaks, Geeks, and Cool Kids: American Teenagers, Schools, and the Culture of Consumption
American Sociological Review
37Youth Violence: What We Need To Know
Annual Review of Sociology
Social Science and Medicine
American Sociological Review
Keepin’ It Real: School Success Beyond Black and White
Youth Violence
Juvenile Justice Bulletin
Code of the Street: Decency, Violence, and the Moral Life of the Inner City.
Journal of Adolescence
Why Girls Fight: Female Youth Violence in the Inner-City
Journal of Contemporary Ethnography
Punished: Policing the Lives of Black and Latino Boys.
American Sociological Review
Law & Society Review
Ethnography
Law & Society Review
Ethnography
Violence: A Micro-sociological Theory
Schools and Delinquency
Maximum Security: The Culture of Violence in Inner-City Schools
Governing Through Crime: How the War on Crime Transformed American Democracy and Created a Culture of Fear
Homeroom Security: School Discipline in an Age of Fear.
Schools Under Surveillance: Cultures of Control in Public Education
Social Problems
Trust in Schools: A Core Resource for Improvement.
Great American City: Chicago and the Enduring Neighborhood Effect.
Youth Violence: What We Need To Know38
111 Social Problems
Criminology
Taking Stock: The Empirical Status of Theory in Criminology
Pnas
Psychological Inquiry
Journal of Personality
J. Exp. Criminology, 5:83-120.
Pnas
Journal of Community Psychology
Psychological InquiryChild maltreatment and the early onset
of problem behaviors: can a program of nurse home visitation break the link?
Criminology
Taking Stock: The Empirical Status of Theory in Criminology
A General Theory of Crime
Aggression and Violence
American Journal of Sociology
Arch.Pediatr.Adolesc.Med
Pnas
Journal of Community Psychology
American Sociological Review
International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology
J. Exp. Criminology
Criminology
Journal of Personality
Journal of Interpersonal Violence
The Oxford Handbook of Crime Prevention
39Youth Violence: What We Need To Know
Serious and Violent Juvenile Offenders: Risk Factors and Successful Interventions.
American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 43
The Cambridge Handbook of Environment in Human Development
Children and Youth in Crisis: Protecting and Promoting Human Development in Times of Economic Shocks.
Development and Psychopathology, 19,
Annual Review of Psychology, 63,
Development and Psychopathology, 22
Child Development, 79
Annual Review of Psychology, 62
From Juvenile Delinquency to Adult Crime: Criminal Careers, Justice Policy, and Prevention.
Infant Mental Health Journal, 27
Multisystemic Treatment of Antisocial Behavior in Children and Adolescents
From Jjuvenile Delinquency to Adult Crime: Criminal Careers, Justice Policy, and Prevention
Development and psychopathology, 22
Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16,
Development and Psychopathology, 23
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
Child development, 80
Child development, 80
Child Development, 82
Toward an Integrated Science of Research on Families: Workshop Report.
Preventing mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders among young people: Progress and possibilities.
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
Youth Violence: What We Need To Know40
Annual Review of Psychology, 63,
Psychoneuroendocrinology, 36
Development and Psychopathology, 24
Student Mobility: Exploring the Impact of Frequent Moves on Achievement: Summary of a workshop
Homeless Children: Update on Research, Policy, Programs, and Opportunities: Prepared
Common Sense Media,
Common Sense Media
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,
Annual Symposium of the American Medical Informatics Association
Bullying, Depression, and Suicidal Ideation in Finnish Adolescents: School Survey
Journal of Adolescence
In The Best Technology Writing
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology,
Journal of School Violence,
Journal of Adolescent Health
CyberPsychology & Behavior
Journal of School Health
Children and Youth Services Review
General Psychiatry
Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine
JAMA
IEEE Computer,
Machine Learning and Applications and Workshops (ICMLA),
Proceedings of International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology,
41Youth Violence: What We Need To Know
ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems (TiiS)
Proceedings of the 12th Dutch-Belgian Information Retrieval Workshop
International Journal of Computational Linguistics Research,
Web Technologies and Applications Lecture Notes in Computer Science
Proceedings of the 21st international Conference Companion on World Wide Web
Natural Language Processing and Information SystemsLecture Notes in Computer Science
Computers in Human Behavior
The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas,
Privacy, Security, Risk and Trust
Journal of School Health
Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology
ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems (TiiS)
ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems (TiiS)
International Conference on Weblogs and Social Media (ICWSM)
NAACLHLT
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology,
Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Issues of Sentiment Discovery and Opinion Mining, WISDOM
IEEE Intelligent Systems
International Conference on Weblogs and Social Media
Empirical Natural Language Processing Conference (EMNLP),
IAPR 2nd Workshop on Cognitive Information Processing
