JUGOIMPORT-SDPR broj 22, decembar 2006.

SRBIJA I NJENA ODBRAMBENA INDUSTRIJA UEVROATLKANSKIM INTEGRACIJAMASERBIA AND ITS DEFENSE INDUSTRYIN EURO-ATLANTIC INTEGRATIONS

PROTIVOKLOPNI SISTEMVOĐENE RAKETE BUMBARBUMBAR (BUMBLE-BEE)ANTI-TANK MISSILE SYSTEM

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Glavni i oodgovorni uurednik

Zamenik gglavnog iiodgovornog uurednika

Izvršni uurednik

Likovni uurednik

Uređivački oodbor

Prevod

Prepress -- DDTP

Fotografija

Štampa

Adresa rredakcijeBulevar umetnosti 2

Beograd

telefoni: (381-11)222 44 00 222 44 44

faks: (381-11) 222 45 77222 45 99

Editor-in-Chief

Deputy EEditor-in-Chief

Executive EEditor

Art DDirector

Editorial BBoard

Translation

Prepress –– DDTP

Photo

Printed aat

Editorial OOffice2, Bul.umetnosti StBelgrade

phone (381-11)222 44 00 222 44 44

fax (381-11) 222 45 77222 45 99

Izdavač • Publisher

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YUGOIMPORT-SDPR

Nenad Miloradović

Svetlana Šujak-Marković

Aleksandar Lijaković

Marko Kopitović

Odeljenje za prevodilačke poslove Translation department of

Yugoimport-SDPR

Marko KopitovićBojana Đokić

Marko Stojanović

BatAtisak

e-mail: fdsp@eunet.yu

http://www.yugoimport.com

Branko Todorović

Zoran Jelić, Milić Jauković, Vesna D.Stupar, Predrag Milićević, Bojana Đokić,

Slobodan Jolkić, Vesna I. Stupari Violeta Kalanj

SRBIJA I NJENAODBRAMBENAINDUSTRIJA U

EVROATLANTSKIMINTEGRACIJAMA

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PROTIVOKLOPNI SISTEMVOĐENE RAKETE BUMBAR

BUMBAR (BUMBLE-BEE)ANTI-TANK MISSILE SYSTEM

BRODSKI SISTEMI INAORUŽANJE U USLOVI-

MA ASIMETRIČNOGRATOVANJA

SHIPBORNE EQUIPMENTAND COMBAT SYSTEMS IN

ASYMMETRIC THREATENVIRONMENT

EDEPRO- DOMAĆE ZNANJE ZACEO SVETEDEPRO – LOCAL KNOWLEDGEFOR THE WHOLE WORLD

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PONUDA SRPSKEODBRAMBENE INDUSTRIJEU GLOBALNOM RATU PRO-TIV TERORIZMASERBIAN DEFENSEINDUSTRY OFFERIN GLOBAL WAR AGAINSTTERROR

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Svetozar Šutić, inženjer

(Tehnološko-metalurški fakul-

tet u Beogradu) i ekonomista

(Ekonomski fakultet u Novom

Sadu)., dao je značaj doprinos

afirmaciji ugleda Jugoimport-

SDPR u zemlji i svetu.

Profesionalnu karijeru započeo

je u TV Titograd i TV Novi

Sad odakle prelazi u SDPR u

junu 1986. godine. U našem

preduzeću je obavljao brojne

odgovorne dužnosti do maja

2005. godine kada prelazi u

preduzeće EVCONS Group iz

Beograda.Govorio je engleski, nemački i

ruski.

Svetozar Šutić bio je stručnjak za među-

narodni marketing, poznavalac i zagovornik

uvođenja integralnog informacionog sis-

tema i sistema kontrole kvaliteta u

Jugoimport-SDPR. Objavio je brojne

stručne radove iz ovih oblasti.

Svetu Šutića pamtićemo kao velikog stručn-

jaka, neumornog i odgovornog radnika,

smirenog i umerenog čoveka, dobrog i poš-

tovanog prijatelja. Njegova toplina, opti-

mizam i pregalaštvo će nam uvek nedosta-

jati.

Svetozar Šutić, engeneer

(Faculty of Technology and

metalurgy in Belgrade) and

economist (Faculty of Economy

in Novi Sad), gave exceptional

contribution to the affirmation

of our company both in our

country and worldwide.

Svetozar Šutić commenced his

professional career in TV studio

in Podgorica and Novi Sad. On

arrival to Yugoimport-SDPR in

1986, he was responsible for a

number of duties until May 2005

when he moved to EVCONS Group in

Belgrade. He spoke fluently English,

German and Russian.

Svetozar Šutić was an expert in interna-

tional marketing, connoisseur and sup-

porter of implementation of integral infor-

mation system and quality control system

into Yugoimport-SDPR.

We shall always remember Svetozar Šutić

as exceptional expert, dedicated collabo-

rator, skilled and capable executive, calm,

reasonable man, good and respected friend.

We shall always miss his wormth, optimism

and hard working.

IN MEMORIAMSvetozar Šutić(1945 - 2006)

SERBIA AND ITSDEFENSE INDUSTRY

IN EURO-ATLANTIC INTEGRATIONS

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JUGOIMPORT-SDPR završava i ovu poslovnu godinuostvarujući značajan porast ugovaranja u odnosu na prethod-nu godinu. Godina 2006. prošla je u znaku nastavka izuzetnihmarketinških napora preduzeća u cilju ostvarivanja kontin-ualnog prisustva JUGOIMPORT-SDPR kao integrišućesnage srpske odbrambene industrije na globalnom tržištunaoružanja i vojne opreme i ostvarenja zadatih ciljeva koji semogu sublimirati sloganom: dosegnuti svet...

Naglašeno prisustvo u praktično svim regionima sveta,kroz učešće na međunarodnim izložbama NVO (Singapur,Jordan, Francuska), kao i kroz nastavak višegodišnjihaktivnosti nastupa na ciljnim tržištima, proširili su krug part-nera, produbili i učvrstili ranije uspostvljene kontakte i dovelido novih ugovora, te povećanja izvoza srpske odbrambeneindustrije kao osnovnog strateškog partnera JUGOIMPORT-SDPR.

Time se još jednom dokazuje ranije istaknuto zapažanjeda se napredak na globalnom tržišištu NVO mora planiratina «duge staze», tj. da zahteva značajna ulaganja i dugotra-jne napore. Prisustvo na svetskom tržištu, svakako, nije samopo sebi dovoljno za uspeh. Ono samo otvara mogućnosti plas-mana robe i usluga u uslovima oštre konkurencije. Analizapotreba tržišta uopšte, kao i konkretnih kupaca, neophodnaje za usmeravanje ponude i donošenje odluke o ulaganju ineposrednom učešću u razvoju tržišno atraktivnih proizvo-da, odnosno programa modernizacije sredstva NVO. U oveaktivnosti JUGOIMPORT-SDPR ulaže velike napore posled-njih godina.

Nakon prestanka postojanja Državne zajednice Srbija iCrna Gora, JUGOIMPORT-SDPR je postao Javno Preduzećeu vlasništvu Republike Srbije.

Nedavno pristupanje Republike Srbije programu«Partnerstvo za mir» zatvorilo je prvi krug višegodišnjihprocesa evroatlanskih integracija. Sve to vreme JUGOIM-PORT-SDPR aktivno učestvuje u pronalaženju puteva zaposlovne integracije srpske odbrambene industrije sa visoko-razvijenim zemljama Zapadne Evrope i SAD, pre svega ucilju opremanja Vojske Srbije visokosofisticiranim sredstvi-ma NVO sredstvima iz uvoza, uz istovremeno učešće pre-duzeća srpske odbrambene industrije u tim projektima. Toučešće ne obuhvata samo kooperaciju u proizvodnji sred-stava koja se isporučuju Vojsci Srbije, već i širu proizvodnukoopraciju, čime se upošljavaju kapaciteti i podiže tehničko-tehnološki nivo srpske odbrambene industrije.

JUGOIMPORT-SDPR will end this business year show-ing once more significant increase of contracted deals com-pared to preceding year. Year 2006 was marked by contin-ued intensive marketing efforts to retain the presence ofJUGOIMPORT-SDPR as integrating force of the Serbiandefense industry in global arms and defense equipment mar-kets and to achieve designated goals that may be summa-rized with the slogan: reaching the world…

Pronounced presence in practically all regions in the world,participation in international arms exhibitions (Singapore,Jordan, France) as well as continued activity of many yearsin target markets have expanded the roster of our partners,deepened and strengthened previously established contacts,leading to concluding of new contracts and increased exportsales of the Serbian defense industry being the key strate-gic partner of JUGOIMPORT-SDPR.

This testifies to already emphasized view that progress inglobal arms and defense equipment markets requires long-term planning, i.e. that it entails significant investing andenduring efforts. The presence itself in the world marketdoes not warrant success. It only opens the venues for salesof goods and services in a highly competitive market. Analysesof the market in general and of specific needs of particularcustomers are required for directing of quotations and deci-sion making to invest in development of market-attractiveproducts, including upgrading of weapons and equipmentin service. These activities were the subject of major effortson the part of JUGOIMPORT-SDPR in recent years.

DOSEGNUTISVET...

REACHING THEWORLD …

PišeNenad Miloradović

ByNenad Miloradović

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Saglasno procesima evroatlantskih integracija, strateškiciljevi srpske odbrambene industrije obuhvataju i integracijunjenih istraživačko-razvojnih i proizvodnih kapaciteta u odgo-varajuće evroatlantske programe razvoja i proizvodnje sred-stava NVO. Istraživačko–razvojni opitni, remontni i proizvod-ni kapaciteti vojnotehničkog instituta, tehničkog opitnog cen-tra, tehničkih remontnih zavoda, kao i preduzeća odbram-bene industrije sa svojom laboratorijskom, proizvodnom ikadrovskom bazom, sa zaokruženim ciklusima razvoja iproizvodnje složenih sredstva NVO, značajno višedecenijskoiskustvo u samostalnom razvoju i proizvodnji širokog dijapa-zona sredstava NVO razvijenih na osnovu zapadnih i istočnihstandarda i koncepcija, kao i integracijom zapadnih i istočnihkoncepcija, predstavljaju značajne komparativne prednostisrpske odbrambene industrije i dobru osnovu za navedenetehničko-tehnloške integracije. Poslednjih godina JUGOIM-PORT-SDPR ostvario je nekoliko projekata koji pridaju nave-denom domenu.

S druge strane, posebno značajan doprinos srpske odbram-bene industrije razvoju sistema globalne bezbednosti i inte-grisanju srpske odbrambene industrije u pomenuti sistem,presdstavlja aktivno i intenzivno učešće u programima opre-manja oružanih snaga i snaga bezbednosti zemalja koje sesuočavaju sa narastalim problemom savremenog terorizma.Poslednjih godina, JUGOIMPORT-SDPR je ostvario znača-jne rezultate u ovoj oblasti bazirajući svoju ponudu navisokom kvalitetu i pouzdanosti proizvoda srpske odbram-bene industrije, kao i na svom intenzivnom prisustvu na tržiš-tu i ulaganjem u razvoj tržišno atraktivnih proizvoda.

Završavajući još jednu uspešnu poslovnu godinu, svimpartnerima i prijateljima iz zemlje i inostranstva JUGOIM-PORT-SDPR želi uspešnu Novu 2007. godinu, sa željom dazajedno dosegnemo svet...

After the demise of the State Union of Serbia andMontenegro, JUGOIMPORT-SDPR has become a PublicEnterprise owned by the Republic of Serbia.

Recent joining by the Republic of Serbia of the“Partnership for Peace” completed the first round of theprocess of Euro-Atlantic integrations that lasted several years.Throughout that period JUGOIMPORT-SDPR was activein seeking the ways and means for business integration ofthe Serbian defense industry with its counterparts in high-ly developed countries of Western Europe and the USA, pri-marily by equipping Serbian Army with imported sophisti-cated arms and equipment with simultaneous involvementof Serbian defense equipment companies in these projects.Such participation includes not only co production of equip-ment supplied to Serbian Army, but broader industrial coop-eration as well, leading to higher employment of domesticcapacities and technical-technological advancement ofSerbian defense industry.

In keeping with the processes of Euro-Atlantic integra-tions, strategic objectives of Serbian defense industry alsoinclude integration of domestic research & development andmanufacturing capacities in relevant Euro-Atlantic arms &equipment development and production programs. AvailableR&D, test, overhaul and production capacities of the Military-Technical Institute, Technical Test Center, overhaul depotsand defense industry factories with their laboratories, man-ufacturing facilities and human resources, with completedcycles of development and production of complex weaponsystems, significant experience of several decades in indige-nous development and manufacturing of broad variety ofarms and equipment developed against Western and Easternstandards and concepts, including integration of Western

and Eastern concepts – all these factors repre-sent significant comparative advantage ofSerbian defense industry and solid foundationfor above stated technical-technological inte-grations. In recent years JUGOIMPORT-SDPRhas achieved several projects within that area.

On the other hand, particularly significant con-tribution by Serbian defense industry to glob-al security and its integration in that systemcomprises active and intensive participation inoutfitting the armed and security forces of thecountries faced with increasing threats of mod-ern terrorism. In recent years JUGOIMPORT-SDPR has achieved prominent results in thisfield, basing its offers on high quality and reli-ability of Serbian defense products, as well asrelying upon its intensive presence on the mar-ket and investing in commercially attractiveproducts.

In closing another successful business year,JUGOIMPORT-SDPR wishes to all partnersand friends from our country and abroad a pros-perous New Year 2007, wishing our joint reach-ing the world..

Do pre dvadesetak godina, pod pojmovima “anti-teroris-tičke jedinice”, “anti-teroristička dejstva”, kao i “sredstvanaoružanja i vojne opreme (NVO) namenjena anti-teroris-tičkim jedninicama” podrazumevane su relativno usko speci-jalizovane, specijalno odabrane, obučene i opremljene for-macije vojske i policije, njihova dejstva i odgovarajuća sred-stva NVO koja su, po svojoj osnovnoj koncepciji i primen-jenim tehničkim rešenjima, posebno prilagođena upotrebiu rešavanju tipičnih taktičkih situacija antiterorističke borbe.Takav pristup bio je diktiran opštim faktorima globalnebezbednosti koji su podrazumevali izazove terorizma kaorelativno uske, specifične i, pre svega, ograničene pretnje sastanovišta masovnosti terorističkih grupa i organizacija, te irealizovanih terorističkih dejstava. Promene globalne bezbed-nosti koje su usledile karakteriše značajna revizija pristupapojmu antiterorističkih dejstava koja postaju znatno masovni-ja i počinju da se kombinuju sa oružanim pobunama zah-vatajući prostorno širi deo teritorije. To je postalo posebnoznačajno u naseljenim područjima koja postaju praktičnoključna područja vođenja savremenih oružanih sukoba.Pretvaranje čitavih gradova i širih naseljenih područja u pros-torni, ravnomerno uspostavljeni “epicentar” borbenih dejs-tava navedene kategorije dovelo je do eskalacije posebnoosetljivog problema zaštite civilnog stanovništva.

Razvoju sredstava NVO koja su po osnovnim koncepci-jskim i taktičko-tehničkim karakteristikama prilagođena,odnosno posebno pogodna za upotrebu u aktuelnim uslovi-ma protivterorističkih, odnosno protivgerilskih / pro-tivpobunjeničkih operacija, mirovnih i drugih operacija,posvećuje se pažnja u odbrambenoj industriji Srbije, te i uobe prethodne Jugoslavije. Razlozi za to leže u značajnomiskustvu snaga bezbednosti i oružanih snaga Republike Srbijepočev od kraja 80-ih godina prošlog veka u izvođenjuantiterorističkih i antigerilskih operacija na Kosovu gde suse snage bezbednosti Republike Srbije, kao i OS SRJugoslavije suočile su se sa mnogim aspektima aktuelnim udanašnjem globalno proklamovanom ratu protiv terorizmaupravo u navedanim sukobima, kao i izvesna bliskost nave-denih uslova savremenih antiteroristočkih / antipobunjeničkihdejstava sa doktrinom prisutnom u razvoju OS prethodneJugoslavije, koja je podrazumevala intenzivan razvoj pešadi-jskog naoružanja borbenog sistema pešadijske i

Until about twenty years ago, the terms “anti-terroristunits”, “anti-terrorist operations” and “arms & equipmentdesigned for anti-terrorist units” comprised relatively strict-ly specialized specially selected, trained and equipped mil-itary and police formations, their operations and specificweapons and equipment which, in their concept and tech-nical solutions were specially adapted for typical tactical sit-uations of anti-terrorist combat. This approach resultedfrom general factors of global security which considered ter-rorist challenges as relatively limited specific terrorist threatsin comparison to massive terrorist groups and organizationsand execution of their terrorist activities. Subsequent changesin global security situation are characterized by revisedapproach to anti-terrorist operations since the threats werenow combined with armed rebellions embracing larger ter-ritories. These events became more prominent in populat-ed areas that comprise key areas where present day conflictsare waged. Converting of complete cities and other settle-ments into area, uniformly spread “epicenter” of combatoperations of that nature, has escalated the sensitive issueof protection of civilian population.

Serbian defense industry focuses special attention on devel-opment of weapons and equipment which, in their conceptand tactical-technical characteristics are adapted and suit-ed for use in anti-terrorist, anti-guerilla, counter-rebel andpeace-keeping and other operations. Reasons for this aresignificant experiences gained by our security and militaryforces since 1980-ies in waging anti-terrorist and anti-gueril-la operations in Kosovo, where Serbian police forces andarmed forces of FR Yugoslavia were faced with many aspectssimilar to currently proclaimed global war against terrorism.Also, there is marked similarity of present-day anti-terror-ist and counter-rebel operations with the doctrine of devel-opment of the former Yugoslav Army, characterized by inten-sive development of small arms, combat systems for infantryand counter-infantry operations and of combat anti-armorsystems.

Bearing in mind the need for integration of Serbian defenseindustry and of the country’s defense and security structuresinto global security system, for a number of years intensiveefforts were made to develop modern surveillance and area

PONUDA SRPSKEODBRAMBENEINDUSTRIJE UGLOBALNOMRATU PROTIV

TERORIZMA

SERBIAN DEFENSEINDUSTRY OFFERIN GLOBAL WARAGAINST TERROR

PišeAleksandar Lijaković

ByAleksandar Lijaković

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protivpešadijske borbe, i borbenog sistema protioklopneborbe.

Imajući u vidu potrebu za integracijama odbrambeneindustrije Republike Srbije, kao i odbrambeno-bezbednos-tnih struktura zemlje u celini u sistem globalne bezbednosti,već više godina se intenzivno radi na razvoju savremenih sis-tema za osmatranje, kontolu teritorije, odnosno na njihovomprostornom integrisanju sa komandnoinformacionim sis-temima i sistemima za upravljanje vatrom na nivou pešadi-jskih antiterorističkih jednica, borbenih vozila i sistemavatrene podrške. Razvojem ovakvih sistema upotpunjena jei zaokružena celina ponude srpske odbrambene industrijeu ovoj oblasti. Preduzeća odbrambene industrije i ustanoveMO i MUP Republike Srbije – Vojnotehnički institut ,Tehnički opiti centar i Institut bezbednosti iz Beograda,Zastava Oružje iz Kragujevca, Prvi Partizan iz Užica, Slobodaiz Čačka, Krušik iz Valjeva, Milan Blagojević Lučani, PrvaIskra Barič, Trajal i 14 Oktobar iz Kruševca, TRZ Čačak,Lola sistem iz Železnika, IRITEL i IMTEL iz Beograda, kaoi druga preduzeća odbrambene industrije uključeni su uprograme razvoja i proizvodnje, kao i programe modifikaci-ja, modernizacija i konverzije u oblasti sredstva NVO kojasu po konceptu posebno prilagođena izvođenju antiteroris-tičkih operacija u širem smislu. Osnovne kategorije tih sred-stava NVO i usluga iz ponude šire odbrambene industrijeSCG su sledeće:

1. Streljačko naoružanje, sredstvapešadijske bliske vatrene podrške, protivok-lopno/protivfortifikacijsko naoružanje,municija i lična zaštitna oprema

• savremeni borbeni pištolji kalibra familije CZ 999 9 mmi .40 S&W, kao i borbeno-sportski pištolji familije TOP XXnamenjene prestižnim takmičenjima u praktičnom gađan-ju u organizaciji IPSC, u kojima pripadnici jedinica bezbed-

control equipment and provide its spatial integration withthe command-information and fire control systems at thelevel of infantry anti-terrorist units, combat vehicIes and firesupport systems. Development of such systems rounds-upthe capability of Serbian defense industry in this field. Serbiandefense industry enterprises and Serbian military and policeestablishments – Military-Technical Institute, TechnicalTest Center, Institute of Security, Belgrade, Zastava Oružjeof Kragujevac, Prvi Partizan of Užice, Sloboda of Čačak,Krušik of Valjevo, Milan Blagojević Lučani, Prva Iskra Barič,Trajal and 14 Oktobar of Kruševac, TRZ Čačak, Lola sis-tem of Železnik, IRITEL and IMTEL of Belgrade and oth-er defense industry enterprises are involved in arms andequipment modification, modernization and conversion pro-grams the concept of which is specially adapted for use inanti-terrorist operations in general. Main families of weaponsand equipment involved include:

1. Small arms, infantry close fire supportweapons, anti-armor and anti-fortificationsweapons, ammunition and personalprotection equipment

• Advanced combat issue pistols, family CZ 999 9mm and.40 S&W, also combat-sporting pistols family TOP XX,intended for competition marksmanship under IPSC orga-

nization, events where members of Serbianpolice force regularly achieve excellent results;pistols of family CZ 999 manifest highest reli-ability, previously achieved by family CZ 99,including barrel life of 200,000 cartridges.• Official shotgun cal. 12• Family of automatic weapons in calibers7.62x39 mm, 7.62 x 51 mm and 5.56 x45 mm,that includes the reliable standard assaultrifle M70 AB2, distributed in 500,000 units,assault rifle M77 in NATO caliber 7.62x51mm which again is the favored caliber foranti-terrorist operations; he latest family ofassault rifles M21 /M21S/M21K of cal. 5.56x45mm NATO, already in use by the police insecurity risk areas; family of automatic riflesmade in Serbia based on Kalashnikov designand recognized around the world for their highreliability, product quality and for its techni-cal solutions.• Sniper rifles, including tactical high-preci-sion rifle cal. 7.62 x 51 mm and semi-auto-matic sniper rifle M91 cal. 7.62x 54 mm• Long-range rifle in calibers 12.7x107 mmand 12.7 x 99 mm capable of engaging differ-

ent categories of targets in anti-terrorist combat, at rangesof up to 2000 m; characterized by high accuracy, powerfulgas brake and spring absorber, resulting in recoil compara-ble to recoil of medium hunting carbine, high reliabilityowing to oversized Mauser mechanism.

• GP machine gun/machine gun M84, cal. 7.62 x 54 mmis one of the most popular products of Serbian defense indus-try (not only among small arms), with its technological solu-tions it surpasses other weapons of that category in respectof reliability and endurance – barrel life is 20,000 rounds

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nosti Republike Srbije postižu izizetne rezultzate; pištoljifamilije CZ 999 karakteriše, pre svega, dokazana visoka pouz-danost dostignuta kod modela familije CZ 99, uključujućiživotni vek cevi od 200 000 metaka.

• službena sačmara kalibra 12• familje automatskog oružja u kalibrima 7.62x39 mm,

7.62 x 51 mm i 5.56 x45 mm, koje uključuju stndardnu pouz-danu jurišnu pušku M70 AB2 koja je distribuirana u količi-ni od 500 000 primeraka, pušku M77 u kalibru 7.62x51 mmNATO koji danas postaje ponovo sve privlačniji kalibarjurišnog oružja za savremene uslove antiterorističkih operaci-ja, kao i najnoviju familiju jurišnih pušaka M21 /M21S/M21Ku kalibru 5.56x45 mm NATO koju već koriste snage bezbed-nosti u kriznim područjima; familije automatskog oružjaproizvedene u Srbiji na bazi sistema Kalašnjikov karakter-iše u svetu već dugo prepoznatljiv visok nivo pouzdanosti,kvalieteta proizvodnje i primenjenih tehničkih rešenja.

• snajperske puške, uključujući taktičku pušku visoke pre-ciznosti u kalibru 7.62 x 51 mm i poluautomatsku snajper-sku pušku M91 kalibra 7.62x 54 mm

• dalekometna puška u kalibrima 12.7x107 mm i 12.7 x 99mm, koja omogućava gađanje različitih kategorija ciljeva uprotivterorističkoj borbi do daljina od 2000 m; sredstvokaraketriše visoka preciznost, kao i moćna gasna kočnica iopružni amortizer, koji trzaj dovode na nivo trzaja srednjeglovačkog karabina i visoka pouzdanost primenjenog uvećanogsistema Mauzer

• Mitraljez/puškomitraljez M84, u kalibru 7.62 x 54 mmjeste jedan od tržišno najznačajnih proizvoda srpske odbram-bene industrije, ne samo u domenu strelječkog naoruđan-ja; sredstvo primenjenim tehnološkim rešenjima prevazilazidruga oružja te kategorije u oblasti pouzdanosti funkcije iizdržljivosti - vek cevi iznosi 20 000 metaka, a oružje možeda ispali do 500 metaka u jednom neprekidnom rafalu beznarušavanja funkcije; mitraljez je standardno opremljenoptičkim nišanom

• Famillija teških mitraljeza 12.7 x 107 mm, razvijenih nabazi mitzraljeza NSV, namenjenih za ugradnju u borbena iterenska vozila, lake patrolne čamce i druge plovne objekte,koja uključuje i pešadijsku varijantu, montiranu na pešadi-jeko postolje; Pešadijski teški mitraljez razvijen je na osnovuaktuelnih iskustava, opremljen je optičkim nišanom i u kom-binaciji sa mitraljezom M84 i snajper-skim puškama predstavlja izuzetnoefikasno sredstvo za zaštitu visokoriz-ičnih zona terorističko-pobunjeničkihaktivnosti, do daljina do 2000 m

• Automatski bacač granata u kali-bru 30 mm ABG M93, dometa do 1700m, koji omogućava precizno dejstvo natačkaste ciljeve na daljinama do 400 m,a do 1700 m na prostorni raspoređenoljudstvo uključujući i ljudstvo zaklon-jeno uglovima zgrada i drugim urban-im i poljskim zaklonima

• Prigušivači pucnja za pištolje, auto-mate, automatske i snajperske puške iodgovarajuće prigušene municije;

• Podcevni bacači granata 40 mm,lanseri ručnih/lansirnih granata ilanseri tromblonskih mina koji se mon-

whereby 500 rounds can be fired in continuous burst with-out affecting its functioning; machine gun is provided withoptical sight as standard.

• Family of heavy machine guns cal. 12.7 x 107 mm, devel-oped based on the NSV design, intended for mounting oncombat and cross-country vehicles, on light patrol boats andother vessels, it includes infantry version mounted on stand.Infantry heavy machine gun was developed with considera-tion of actual experience and outfitted with optical sight. Incombination with machine gun type M84 and sniper riflesit represents formidable defense system against terroristincursions, up to 2000 m distance.

• Automatic grenade launcher cal. 30 mm ABG M93, rangeto 1700 m, enables precision engaging of spot targets up to400 m, against area targets up to 1700 m, including person-

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tiraju na standardnejurišne puške i odgo-varajuća municija 40mm ruskog i NATOstandarda, ručne iručnolansire granatei tromblonske mine- razornog, osvetl-javajućeg, dimnogdejstva

• Nesmrtonosnamunicija na bazi šok-fleš efekta i hemi-jskih sredstava zaprivremeno ones-p o s o b l j a v a n j eraspoloživa u viduručnih i ručno-lan-sirnih granata,granata 40 mm,tromblonskih mina

• Prenosni minobacač tipa «commando» 60 mm dometa1700 m

• Laki minobacači velikog dometa u kalibru 60 mm, 81mm i 120 mm velikog dometa sa odgovarajućom razornom,osvetljavajućom i dimnom municijom; minobacače karak-terišu srtazmerno male mase za nivo ostvarenih dometa, –5200 za kalibar 60 mm, 6800 za kalibar 81 mm i 9500 m ukalibru 120 mm, kao i visoka brzina gađanja;

• Protivoklopna sredstva u kalibrima 64 mm, 90 mm, 120mm, sa bojnim glavama kumulativnog dejstva i bojnim glava-ma termobaričkog dejstva, trenutno rapoloživom u kalibru90 mm posebno prilagođenim za dejstvo na ciljeve u pro-tivterorističkim i specijalniom dejstvima; Raketni lanser OSAu kalibru 90 mm, originalno namenjen za dejstvo protiv bor-benih vozila, u uslovima posebno je pogodan za dejstvo nautvrđene objekte, posebno malorazmerne ciljeve na daljina-ma do 600m, ukljujčujući objekte poljske i urbane forti-fikacije

• BUMBAR prenosni sistem vođene protivolopne raketedometa do 1000 m omogućava takođe anitrorističkim jedini-cama samostalno efikasno dejstvo protiv posebno značajnihotpornih tačaka; sistem sa stanovišta upotrebe u razmatra-noj kategoriji oružanih sukoba karakteriše visoka prenosivosti borbena autonomija, – tim od dva borca može da za rela-tivno kratko vreme dejstvuje na pet ciljeva, mogućnost dejst-va iz zatvorenog prostora, malo demaskiranje strelca, viso-ka efiakasnost na cilju i visoka verovatnoća pogađanja, čimese takođe smanjuje mogućnost neželjenog dejstva protivcivilnog stanovništva.

• Sredstva lične balističke zaštite, uniforme i druga ličnaoprema - taktički prsluci, maskirna oprema i dr. prilagođe-na različitim klimatskim, geografskim i taktičkim uslovimaupotrebe jedinica vojske i policije; Osnovni parametri kon-cepcije - nivo balističke zaštite i površina tela koja se štitizaštitnim prslukom i balističkim pločama mogu se variratiprema konkretnik zahtevima /uslovima korisnika; u proizvod-nji se nalaze prsluci zaštite nivoa IIIA i ploče do nivoa zaštiteIV, uključujući i ploče anatomski oblikovane u trodimen-zionalanoj tehnologiji. Osnovni materijali koji se koriste zaproizvodnju prsluka jesu aramidna i polietilenska vlakna

nel masked by buildingcorners and otherurban and fielddefilades.• Silencers for pistols,submachine guns,automatic and sniperrifles and appropriatelow-noise ammunition.• Underslung grenadelaunchers cal. 40 mm,hand grenade andgrenade launchers,rifle grenade launchersfitted on standardassault rifles; appro-priate ammunition 40mm of Russian andNATO standard, handand launcher fired

grenades and rifle grenades – high explosive, illuminating,smoke types.

• Disabling ammunition based on shock-flash effect andchemical agent for temporary disabling of hostile manpow-er, delivered as hand and hand launcher fired grenades, cal.40 mm grenades and rifle grenades.

• Portable mortar cal. 60 mm “commando”, range to 1700m.

• Light mortars of increased range, cal. 60mm, 81mm and120mm, extended ranges with HE, illuminating and smokecharges; mortars are characterized by relatively low weightcompared to firing ranges: 5200 m for cal. 60mm, 6800 mfor cal. 81mm, 9500 m for cal. 120mm and by high rate offire.

• Anti-armor launchers cal. 64 mm, 90 mm, 120 mm, withshaped charge warheads and thermo baric warheads present-ly available as cal. 90 mm, specially adapted for anti-terror-ist and special targets; rocket launcher OSA cal. 90 mm orig-inally developed for armor defeating, suitable for fortifiedbuildings and small dimension targets at ranges to 600mincluding field and urban fortifications.

• BUMBAR (Bumble bee) portable guided anti-armormissile of range to 1000m, suitable for autonomous use byanti-terrorist units against important hardened targets; inrespect of application in stated operations its characteris-tics are high portability and combat autonomy – team of twofighters can engage five targets within short time, suitablefor firing in enclosed area, low signature to unmask opera-tor, high target effectiveness and high hit probability, there-fore reduced possibility to hit civilians.

• Personal ballistic protection equipment, uniforms andother personal gear – tactical vests, camouflage equipment,etc. adapted for different climatic, geographic and tacticaluses by the military and police. Basic concept parameters:level of ballistic protection and body parts protected by pro-tective vest and ballistic plates may vary, depending onrequirements of users. Protective vests in current produc-tion offer level of protection IIIA, plates up to level IV, includ-ing anatomically shaped plates in 3-dimensional technolo-gy. Chief materials used to produce vests are aramide andpolyethylene fibers - (Kevlar and Dyneema), whereas plates

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(Kevlar i Dyneema), dok se ploče rade u najčešće od poli-etilenskih vlakana do nivoa III i u kombinaciji ovih matrijalasa keramikom za nivoe III + i IV. Šlemovi balistički seproizvode od Vlakana i obezbeđuju nivo zaštite V50 do 550m/s.

• Desantni i specijalni padobrani;

2. Borbena i neborbena vozila, naoružanje,programi modifikacija, modernizacija i kon-verzije

• Programi modernizacije tenkova familije T-55, uključu-jući kineske derivative tog tenka, kao i tenkova familije T-72omogućavaju uspešno korišćenje tij tenkova u navedenimdejstvima, pre svega imajući u vidu povećanje balističkezaštite primenom eksplozivnmog reaktivnog oklopa i drugihrešenja, kao i integraciju panoramske osmatračko-mernesprave komandira i komandno-informacionoig sistema, čimese izrazito poboljšava upravljanje vatrom i razmena podata-ka sa drugim elementima borbenog poretka u realnom vre-menu

• Familija teških oklopnih transporterea, razvijena na bazikonverzije tenka T-55; prvi realizovani član familije pred-stavlja borbeno vozilo za podršku borbenih inženjeracaMUNJA. Vozilo predstavlja ekonomski izuzetno prihvatljivoprelazno rešenje za resavanje niza taktičkih situacija u savre-menom urbanom ratištu; Sredstvo omogućava prevoz ode-lenja od 8 ljudi uključujući i tri stalna člana posade'vozača,komandira i nišandžiju. Koncept zaštite omogućava, uz dos-tizanje zaštite od dejstva ručnih PO sredstava višeg nivoanego što je nivo dostignut kod većine savremenih borbenihvozila pešadije primenom reaktivnog oklopa i modularnogoklopa (u perspektivi), kao i drugih elemenata pasivne zaštite,a uz značajan nivo pokretljivosti, posebno uz primenu mod-ularne pogonske grupe razvijene za modernizaciju tenka T-55. Koncept takođe omogućava ugradnju daljinski upravl-jane oružne stanice.

• programi modifikacije / konverzije / modernizacije bor-benih i neborbenih vozila, uključujući izradu oklopne zaštitei ugradnju naoružanja - automatskih bacača granata 30 mm,mitraljeza kalibra 7.62 x 54 mm i 12.7 x 107 mm i topova 20mm u vidu turela, podižućih platformi, kupola ili daljisnkiupravljanih turela na borbena i neborbena vozila, a u ciljutransporta do reona dejstva i neposredne vatrene podrškedejstava specijlnih jedinica;

• Konverzija oklopnog automobila BRDM-2 u borbenovozilo za podršku specijalnih snaga VUK takođe predstval-ja primer ekonomski prihvatljivog rešenja savremenog vozi-la prilagođenih aktuelnim uslovima i omogućava postizanjeznačajnih performansi. Konverzija se obavlja u okviru gen-eralnog remonta vozila, i obuhvata u osnovi poboljsanjepokretljivosti (ugradnjom dizel motora povecane snage),poboljsanje vatrene moci (ugradnjom spregnutog mitraljezasnajperskog tipa 7,62 mm i automatskog bacaca granata kali-bra 30mm), poboljsanje balisticke zastite do 14,5mm sa ceonestrane i 12,5mm sa bocnih strana, rekonstrukciju unutrasnjegprostora za smestaj 8 clanova posade sa kompletom speci-jalnom opremom i licnim naoruzanjem, ugradnju uredjajaza globalno pozicioniranje (GPS) i satelitsku navigaciju,ugradnju panoramskog optoelektronskog sistema za osma-tranje, ugradnju bacaca dimnih kutijasa hidrauličnom i elek-

are made of polyethylene fiber for protection level III andcombined with ceramics for protection level III+ and IV.Ballistic helmets are made of fibers and offer level of pro-tection V50 for velocities up to 550 m/s.

• Air drop and special parachutes.

2. Combat and utility vehicles, armaments,modification, modernization and conversionprograms

• Programs for modernization of the T-55 family of tanks,including their Chinese derivates, as well as of the T-72 fam-ily of tanks enable effective use of these vehicle in anti-ter-rorist operations due to improved ballistic protection by fit-ting of explosive and reactive armor and other solutions, byintegration of commander’s panoramic sight/ranger withcommand/information system which significantly enhancesfire control and exchange of information with other elementsof battle order in real time.

• Family of heavy armored personnel carriers, based onconverted T-55 chassis. First developed vehicle MUNJA pro-vides combat support to combat engineers. It is a very eco-nomical transient solution for resolving of numerous tacti-cal situations in urban battlefield. The vehicle carries 8 per-sons including 3 crew members: driver commander and gun-ner. Self defense offers protection from rocket launchers,higher than protection offered by most current infantry fight-ing vehicles, being protected by reactive armor (in perspec-tive, modular armor) and other passive protection devices.It provides solid mobility and it is powered by modular pow-er pack (developed for T-55 tank modernization program).The concept also offers fitting of remotely controlled weaponsstation.

• Modification (conversion) programs for combat and util-ity vehicles include fitting of armor protection, mounting offirearms – automatic grenade launchers 30 mm, machineguns cal. 7.62 x 54 mm or 12.7 x 107 mm, cannons cal. 20mm, mounted in cupolas, lifting platforms, turrets or remote-ly controlled cupolas for combat and utility vehicles, designedto transport the vehicle to engagement area and for directfire support to special units.

• Conversion of armored car BRDM-2 into combat vehi-cle for support of special forces, named VUK, is another eco-nomically acceptable solution of contemporary vehicle withsolid performance, adapted to specific conditions. Conversionis performed during general overhaul and, generally, cov-ers improvement of vehicle performance (fitting of higherpower diesel engine), enhancing of fire power (mounting ofslaved, sniper type machine gun cal. 7.62 mm and automat-ic grenade launcher cal. 30 mm), improved ballistic protec-tion 14.5 mm at front and 12.5 mm on sides, reconstructionof the interior to accommodate 8 persons complete with spe-cial equipment and personal arms, installation of GPS andsatellite navigation units, fitting of optoelectronic panoram-ic surveillance system, fitting of smoke charge launcherswith hydraulic and electro-pneumatic installations, etc.

• Family of wheeled armored personnel carriers 6x6: Inbasic version, they are armored troop carriers; by recon-struction they can be developed in combat vehicles for dif-ferent applications, vehicle capacity is section of 8 infantry-men, concept of armor protection may vary by mounting ofadd-on panels arranged to meet expected tactical situations.

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tropneumatskom instalacijom, itd.• Familija oklopnih transportera-točkaša formule 6x6: u

osnovnoj verziji vozilo predstavlja oklopni transporter, dokse na osnovu nadgradnje osnovne verzije može dobiti famil-ija borbenih vozila različite namene; vozilo omogućavatransport odelenja pešadije sastava do 8 boraca, a kon-cept oklopne zaštite omogućava variranje nivoa oklop-ne zaštite montiranjem panela mod-ula dodatnog oklopa u zavisnosti odočekivanih taktičkih situacija. Konceptpredviđa ugradnju bacača dimnihpuškarnica čime se omogućavasamoodbrana vozila u krugu od prib-ližno 360 stepeni, što je posebno znača-jno za borbu u naseljenom mestu. Takođe,moguća je ugradnja uredjaja za globalno pozi-cioniranje (GPS) i satelitsku navigaciju, ugrad-nju panoramskog sistema za osmatranje, meren-je koordinata i praćenje cilja, uređaja za detekcijuradarskog zračenja i komandno-informacionog sistema, kaoi ugradnju bacača dimnih kutija sa hidraulicnom i elektro-pneumatskom instalacijom, itd. U varijanti izviđačkog vozi-la, vozilo se može opremiti panoramskim sistemom za osma-tranje i merenje. U razvoju se nalazi familija univerzalnihdaljinski upravljanih oružnih stanica.

• turela M86/06 razvijena je na bazi turele M86, original-no razvijene za borbeno vozilo vojne policije VPB M86; ture-lu M86/06 karakteriše dodatna leđna balistička zaštita strel-ca, kao i modularna koncepcija postolja za naoružanje, kojaomogućava brzu zamenu oružja u poljskim uslovima; u ture-lu se, osim originalno ugrađenog mitraljeza M86 7.62 mm,u zavisnosti od očekivane taktičke situacije, mogu montiratipešadijski mitraljez M84 7.62 mm, mitraljez 12.7 mm NSVsa refleksim nišanom i bacač granata ABG M93 30 mm.

• Turela razvijena kao naoružanje teškog oklopnog trans-portera/vozila za podršku borbenih inženjeraca MUNJA,naoružana je automatskim bacačem granata M93 30 mm ipešadijskim mitraljezom M84 7.62 mm. Ista turela origi-nalno je predviđena i za ugradnju u borbeno vozilo za podrškuspecijalnih snaga VUK, razvijenog na bazi konverzijeoklopnog automobila BRDM2

• Univerzalna oružna platforma ugrađena na podižućihidraulični cilindar (u transportnom položaju platforma jespuštena, u borbnom podignuta), na koju se opciono mogumontirati dvostruki bacač granata 30 mm, bestrzajni top 82mm, raketni lanseri kalibra 128 mm ili 57 mm ili mitralez12.7 mm. Platforma se ugrađuje na terenska vozila sa zad-njom platformom, koja mogu biti ralizovana sa ili bez balis-tičke zaštite.

• Familija kupola M91 za ugradnju u oklopne transportere(OT) i borbena vozila pešadije (BVP); Originalno razvoje-na za modernizovano borbeno vozilo pešadije BVP M80 A1,predstavlja rešenje pogovo za ugradnju različite OT i BVP,guseničare i točkaše. Do sada je za potrebe ino-kupca kupo-la ugrađena u oklopni transporter BTR-50, čime je ovaj stariOT praktično konvertovan u amfibijsko jurišno borbeno vozi-lo.

Kupola je naoružana topom M86 razvojenom u Srbiji nabazi metka za top AK-230, čija balistika omogućava izuzetnovisoku efikasnost protiv utvrđenih objekata urbanog i poljskogtipa, lasnirnim sistemom sa modernizovanim raketama

The concept also provides fitting of smokecharge launchers in portholes to provideself-protection within the circle of about360o – very important for urban combat.

It is also possible to equip thevehicle with GPS and satellitenavigation units, with

panoramic surveillance,coordinate measuring andtarget tracking system,command-informationsystem, radar detection

system, fitting of smokecharge launchers withhydraulic and electro-pneu-

matic installations, etc.Reconnaissance version of the vehi-cle may be outfitted with panoramic

surveillance and measuring system.Under development is a family of uni-

versal remotely controlled weapons stations.• Cupola M86/06 was developed from cupola M86, orig-

inally produced for combat vehicle of military police VPBM86; the M86/06 cupola offers added ballistic protection forgunner’s back and modular weapons mount that enablesquick change of weapon in field conditions. Cupola canmount the original M86 machine gun cal. 7.62, or infantrymachine gun M84 cal. 7.62, NSV machine gun cal. 12.7 mmwith reflex sight or grenade launcher ABG M93 30 mm.

• Cupola developed for arming of heavy armored person-nel carrier / support vehicle for combat engineers MUNJAcontains automatic grenade launcher M93 cal. 30 mm andinfantry machine gun M4 7.62 mm. The same cupola wasoriginally developed for combat vehicle of special forces VUK,developed by conversion of armored car BRDM2.

• Universal weapons platform with hydraulic lift cylinder(in traveling position platform is lowered, in combat posi-tion it is raised) may be armed alternately with dual grenadelauncher cal. 30 mm, recoilless gun cal. 82 mm, rocketlaunchers cal. 128 mm or cal 57 mm, or machine gun cal.12.7 mm. This platform is mounted on cross-country truckswith cargo platform and can be executed with or without bal-listic protection.

• Family of turrets M91 for installation on armored per-sonnel carriers and infantry fighting vehicles. Originallydeveloped for upgraded IFV type BVP M80 A1, it is a ready-made solution suitable for outfitting different armored per-sonnel carriers and infantry fighting vehicles, tracked orwheeled. So far, it was fitted to APC type BTD-50 of a for-eign client, thus converting this ageing armored car intoamphibious assault vehicle. Its turret is armed with M86gun, developed in Serbia, using ammunition for AK-230 theballistics of which are highly effective against urban an fieldfortified objects; other armament includes later F version ofMalutka missile with thermo baric warhead, effective againstfortified targets. That system is effective against hardenedtargets up to 3000 m away, it has very high hit probabilityand offers strong fire support in anti-terrorist operationswith minimum collateral damage. Main gun has slavedmachine gun cal. 7.62 mm while development is under wayof a remotely controlled automatic grenade launcher cal. 30

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Maljutka, čija varijanta F ima termobaričnu bojnu glavu, efi-aksnu protiv utvrđenih objekata. Sistemom se mogu gađatiotporne tačke na daljinama do 3000 m sa vrlo visokomverovatnoćom pogađanja, čime se pruža vatrena podrška pro-tivterorističkim dejdtvima uz minimizaciju kolateralne štete.Top je spregnut sa mitralejzom 7.62 mm, dok je u razvoju idaljinski upravljan automatski bacač granata 30 mmintegsisan u sustemom za upravljanje vatrom, namenjendejstvu na protivnika

koji je uglovima zgrada, rovovima i drugim zaklonima.• Sistem bacača dimnih kutija u kalibru 82 mm može se

ugrađivati u različitim konceptima na kupole ili tela borbenihi neborbenih vozila. Ovaj sistem, za koji je razvijena, osimdimne, i granata sa CS-kompozicijom, predstavlja veomaznačajno sredstvo za samoodbranu vozila, posebno u uslovi-ma zasednih dejstava u naseljenom mestu.

• Programi oklopljavanja terenskih i transportnih nebor-benih vozila - na bazi navedeih iskustava VSCG i policijskihsnaga MUP Republike Srbije u protivterorističkim operaci-jama na Kosovu, odbrambena industrija SCG razvila je nizprograma izrade oklopne zaštite i naoružavanja bornenih ineborbenih vozila. Programi oklopljavanja obuhvatili su izraduoklopne zaštite gore navedenih klasičnih terenskih patrol-nih vojnih policijskih vozila, kao i oklopljavanje terenskihkamiona domaće I strane proizvodnje iz inventara VSCG Ipolicije, koji omogućavaju zaštitu ukrcanog ljudstva u sluča-ju zasednih dejstava strelječkom municijom. Treba nagla-siti da je trend oklopljavanja kamiona, već prisutan globalnoposle iskustava iz Iraka od 2003. godine do danas, bio aktuel-na u našoj zemlji od sredine 90’ih godina, posle iskustav naKosovu. Razvijeni su postupci oklopljavanja do nivoa balis-tičke zaštite protiv streljačke municije 7.62 mm sa projek-tilom sa olovnim jezgrom uz korišćene čeličnih ploča, dokse viši nivoi zaštite mogu postići u kombinaciji sa moduli-ma (panelima ) dodatnog oklopa izrađenim od keramike idrugih materijala (kompozita ili aluminijuma).

mm, integrated with fire control system and designed forneutralization of hostile manpower sheltered behind build-ings, in trenches and other defilades.

• Smoke charge launching system cal. 82 mm may beinstalled either on turret of hull of various combat and util-ity vehicles. This system uses smoke and CS-compositioncharges and represents important self-defense system, espe-cially in ambushes in urban environment.

• Armor protection for cross-country transport and util-ity vehicles – development based on experience acquired byYugoslav Army and Serbian police forces in anti-terroristoperations in Kosovo has resulted in a number of armorprotection and weapons fitting programs for combat andnon-combat vehicles by our defense industry. Armor pro-tection included fitting of armor on conventional cross-coun-try military and police patrol vehicles, as well as fitting ofarmor on cross-country trucks of domestic and foreign man-ufacture in service with the military and the police, aimedat providing protection from small arms ambush fire toembarked manpower. It may be noted that armor plating oftrucks is globally pursued since the Iraqi war of 2003; in ourcountry; however, it was a pressing matter since middle 90-ies after Kosovo experience. Procedures were developed toprovide armor protection against 7.62 mm lead core projec-tiles by using steel plates, whereas higher protection can beachieved in combination with add-on modules (panels) madeof ceramics or other materials (composites, aluminium).

3. Observation, reconnaissance and areacontrol systems

• Panoramic surveillance, coordinates measuring and tar-get tracking equipment is mounted on electro-hydraulic lift-ing platform is designed for fitting on vehicles and vesselsand comprises surveillance sub-system based on TV cam-eras of narrow and wide angle of view, thermal imaging cam-era and laser rangefinder. The system terrain observation,automatic tracking and measuring of coordinates, fire con-trol with locally integrated weapons (on board the vehicle)as well as distribution of target data via command-informa-tion system (KIS).

• Family of IR-5/15 ground observation radarsenables netting into battery of observationradars capable of detecting, locating andtracking in all weather condi-

tions, day and night,within a zone of expected

terrorist activities, resp. a zonewith important objects, several hundred

meters to a number of kilometers deep.The system is able to detect crawling ter-

rorists and, interfaced with command-infor-mation system, it will allow automatic detec-tion and recognition of targets and distrib-ution of information to anti-terrorist unitsor fire control systems.• Equipment using seismic sensorsdetects movement of humans; it interfaceswith central computer or command-infor-

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E3. Sistemi za osmatranje, izviđanje, kontroluteritorije

• Panoramski uređaj za osmatranje, merenje koordinata ipraćenje cilja, smeštan na elektrohidrauličkoj podižućoj plat-formi, namenjem ugradnji u vozila i plovne objekte, opreml-jem osmtaračkim podsistemom na bazi TV kamera uskog iširokog vidnog polja, termovizijskom kamerom i laserskimdaljinomerom, omogućava osmatranje terena, automatskopraćenje i merenje koordinata cilja, upravljanje vatrom lokalno-integrisaniom naoružanjem (na istom vozilu) kao i distribu-ciju podataka o ciljevima preko komandno-informacionog sis-tema (KIS).

• Familija radara IR-5/15 za osmtaranje zemljišta samogućnošću umrežavanja u bateriju osmatračkih radaraomogućava otkrivanje, lociranje i praćenje u svim meteo uslovi-ma, danju i noću zone očekivanih aktivnosti terorista, odnos-no zone značajnih objekata do dubine od nekoliko stotinametara do više kilometara, iuključujući otkrivanje terorista kokjise kreću puzeći; umreženi sa komandno-informacionim sis-temom, omogućavaju automatski režim rada sa otkrivanjem,prepoznavanjem ciljeva i distribucijom podataka premaantiterorističkim jedinicama ili sistemima za upravljenje vatrom.

• Uređaj na bazi seizmičkih senzora za otkrivanje kretanjaljudstva umreženih sa centarlnim računarom ili komandno-informacioniom sistemom omogućava kontrolu teritorije kojase štiti u svim meteo–uslovima, danju i noću, sa automatskimprenosom podataka o ciljevima prema anti-terorističkim jedini-cama ili oružnim sistemima.

• Sistem za zvukometrijsko izviđanje položaja minobacačkei snajperske vatre predstavlja varijantu sistema za zvukometri-jsko artiljerijsko izviđanje, posebno prilagođenu osnovnim pret-njama u antiterorističkim operacijama. Osnovna funkcije sis-tema jesu: korekcija vatre sopstvene artiljerije, bazirana naanalizi akustičkih signala generisanih eksplozijom artiljerijskihi raketnih projektila; procena 3D koordinata vatrenog položa-ja i mesta eksplozije projektila; detekcija, lociranje (procenakoordinata) i identifikacija neprijateljske artiljerije, raketnihsistema, minobacača i snajpera, posebno u naselejnim područji-ma. Tehnički koncept sistema se zasniva na: prostorno-frekven-cijskom lociranju akustičkih izvora korišćenjem MUSICmetode; za prostornu selekciju se koristi širokopojasni «beamforming»; lociranje se vrši metodom triangulacije. Derivativsistema posebno prilagođen otkrivanju položaja snajperske idruge streljačke vatre, kao I mobacačke vatre sastoji se od nizauređaja koji se postavljaju u vidu mreže, pokrivajući naseljenoili drugi zaštićeno područje postavljanjem jednog uređaja (sis-tem senzora sa računarom i modemom) na jednici površine.Podaci o klasi i položaju neprijateljekog delovanja sa greškomreda veličine do nekoliko metara stiču se u komandi centar.

4. Sredstva elektronskog ratovanja

• Sistem za automatsku kontrolu mobilnih komunikacija7G (12G) koristi se kontrolu mobilnih komunikacija na defin-isanom prostoru, u frekventnom opsegu između 9 kHz i 7(12)GHz; Sistem za automatsku kontrolu i ometanje mobilnih tele-fona ima sledeće karaketristike: detekcija NMT450i,AMPS/DAMP, GSM800/1800, CDMA, DECT mobilnih tele-fona i procena njihovih parametara, kao što su vrsta standar-da, broj kanala, nivo signala; ometanje signala bazne stanicekada se informacija šalje izabranom korisniku; zona ometan-

mation system and provides area protection in all meteo con-ditions, day and night, relevant target information are auto-matically relayed to anti-terrorist units or weapons systems.

• Sound measuring equipment for reconnaissance of mor-tar and sniper positions is a variant of artillery sound mea-suring equipment, specially adapted for detection of terror-ist threats. Its main functions are: fire adjustment of ownartillery based on analysis of acoustic signals from ownartillery and rocket projectiles; evaluation of 3D coordinatesof firing position and burst position, detection, pinpointing(assessed coordinates) and identification of hostile artillery,rocket launchers, mortars and snipers, particularly in urbanareas. Technical concept utilizes spatial-frequency locationof sound source employing MUSIC methods; for spatialselection wide-band “beam forming” is used, location is bymeans of triangulation. Derivative system for detection ofsniper and other small arms fire and mortar positions con-sists of a number of units spread as network covering a set-tlement of area observed, with one unit (system of sensors,computer and modem) placed per unit of area. Informationon the class and position of hostile fire (with an error of sev-

eral meters) are transmitted to commandcenter.

4. Electronic warfareequipment

• Mobile communications automaticcontrol system 7G (12G) serves forcontrol of mobile communicationswithin designated area, in the frequen-

cy range of 9 kHz and 7(12) GHz; systemfor automatic control and jamming of mobiletelephony has the following specifications:detection NMT450i, AMPS/DAMP,

GSM800/1800, CDMA, DECT of mobilephones and evaluation of their parameters,such as type of standard, number of chan-

nels, signal level, jamming of base stationsignal when information is transmitted

to selected user, jamming zone: 30 min enclosed space, 1 km in the open,

total jamming period 4.8 ms.Mobile communications jam-

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ja: u zatvorenom prostoru 30m, napolju 1 km; ukupno vremeometanja 4,8 ms. Sistem za ometanje mobilne komunikacijeJammini je namenjen za postavljanje u institucijama kao štosu: kancelarije, pozorišta, koncertne hale, bolnice, zatvori, crkve;u roku od 300 mikrosekundi Jammini detektuje prisustvomobilnog telefona, određuje broj frekventnih kanala; intervalometanja traje od 0.8 do 1 sekunde; sistem može da radi ceodan i u potpunosti je adaptiran za frekventno skakanje;

• Radio ometači protiv daljinski upravljanih improvizovaniheksplozivnih sredstava namenjeni su pre svega za zaštitu kon-voja i VIP zaštitu, kao i za zadatke zaštite pri patrolnim i udarn-im zadacima u okviru anti-terorističkih dejstva i kontroli pros-tora. Moguće konfiguracije: samo širokopojasni ometač; ometači osmatrački prijemnik; automatizovani prijemnik-ometač sasoftverskim paketom za brzo frekventno inteligentno pre-traživanje spektra i ometanje. Oprema za radioelektronskuzaštitu protiv radio-kontrolisanih improvizovanih eksplozivnihsredstava jeste u osnovi generator šuma, namenjen za zaštituprotiv radio-kontrolisanih improvizovanih eksplozivnih sred-stava kao i za zaštitu podataka koji se dobijaju radio putem.Raspoložive su i prenosna i stacionarna varijanta. Može se mon-tirati na bilo koji tip vozila. Ometanje se može vršiti na mak-simalnom deomtu do 60 m. Obezbeđena je zaštita podatakaod više tipova prisluškivanja. Raspon snage: GVS-BOMBJAM-6U/64 W; GVS-BOMBJAM-7A/75 W. Frekventni opsezi: 20-250 MHz; 250-500 MHz; 500-750 MHz; 750-1000 MHz;(GVS-ometač -7A) 1000-1400 MHz; (GVS-ometač -7A) 1400-2000 MHz

• Radio-goniometar RGK 2/3, kontejnerskog tipa, namen-jen ugradnji u terensko vozilo, omogućava izviđanje, otkrivan-je, određivanje položaja, klasifikaciju i prisluškivanje radio-ure-đaja u frekfentnom opsegu 20-500 MHz

5. Sredstva ratne mornarice:

• Brzi patrolni čamci dijapazona deplasmana od 3 do 250tona, izrađeni od aluminijuma i kompozitnih materijala proizve-deni u srpskim brodogradilištima predstvaljaju vrlo pogodneplatforme za integraciju različitih sistema za osmatranje, upravl-janje vatrom i oružnih sistema (takođe razvojenim u Srbiji, presvega u vidu derivativa opisanih sistema). Takvi čamci, čimepostaju efiaksna sredstva za obavljanje niza zadataka iz dom-ena bezbednosti - antiterorističkih, antipiratskih dejstva i zaštitezona i sl. na rekama, jezerima i priobalju.

Opisana sredstva posebno su pogodna za naoružavanje iopremanjeOS zemalja kojeseposlednjihgodina suočavajusarastućimproblemomterorizma. Opremanjemovihzemalja srp-ska odbrambena industrija doprinosi razvoju i boljemfunkcionisanju sistema globalne bezbednosti, povećavajućiunkupnuborbenuefikasnost oružanihsnaga i snaga unutrašn-jebezbednosti tihzemalja, a uzekonomskiprihvatljiveizdatke,saglasno navedenimiskustvima i pristupu razvoju sredstvaNVOnavedenihkategorija. Tutreba naglasiti još jednomznača-jne komparativne prednosti srpske odbrambene industrije usmislu poznavanja zapadnih i istočnih standarda, kao i pri-menu visokih tehnologija u proizvodnji sredstva NVO itočnogstandartda, što je posebno značajno za partnere koji su udosadašnjemrazvoju oružanih snaga bili okrenuti timstan-dardima. Na taj način postiže se kvalitetnoi brzoopremanje iosposobljavanjepartnera za štosamostalniji i efikasniji odgov-or na izazove savremenog terorizma.

ming system Jammini is intended for installation at institu-tions such as offices, theaters, concert halls, hospitals, pris-ons, churches; within 300 microseconds Jammini will detectthe presence of mobile phone, determine the number of fre-quency channels, jamming interval is 0.8 to 1 second; thesystem can operate entire day and it is fully adapted to fre-quency hopping.

• Radio jammers against remotely controlled improvisedexplosive devices are primarily intended for protection ofconvoys and for VIP protection, as well as for protection dur-ing patrolling and assault missions in anti-terrorist opera-tions and area control. Possible equipment configurations:wideband jammer only, jammer and surveillance receiver,automated jammer-receiver with software package for intel-ligent spectrum scanning and jamming. Equipment for RFprotection against improvised remote controlled explosivedevices is essentially a noise jammer which can also protectinformation received by radio. Both mobile and stationaryversion of this equipment are available which can be mount-ed on any vehicle. Jamming is effective up to 60 m distance.Data protection is provided from several kinds of intercep-tion. Power range: GVS-BOMBJAM-6U/64 W; GVS-BOM-BJAM-7A/75 W. Frequency ranges: 20-250 MHz; 250-500MHz; 500-750 MHz; 750-1000 MHz; (GVS-jammer-7A)1000-1400 MHz; (GVS-jammer-7A) 1400-2000 MHz.

• Radio direction finder RGK 2/3, of container type, intend-ed for mounting on a jeep, enables reconnaissance, detec-tion, location, classification and interception of radio sets inthe frequency range of 20-500 MHz.

5. Navy equipment

• Fast patrol boats, displacement range 3 to 250 tons, builtof aluminium and composite materials in Serbian shipyards,represent superior platforms for outfitting with varied sur-veillance, fire control and weapons systems (also developedin Serbia, mostly as derivatives of described systems). Theseboats are very effective in performing of varied security-relat-ed missions - anti-terrorist, anti-piracy and protection ofrivers, lakes and coastal sea zones.

All types of equipment described above are eminently suit-ed for arming and equipping of armed forces of the countriesfaced with increasing terrorist threats. By helping to equipsuch countries, Serbian defense industry will contribute tothedevelopment and moreefficient functioningof global secu-rity and enhance combat effectiveness of armed forces andinternal security of the countries involved, against economi-cally acceptable expenditures conforming tooutlined experi-ences and development approaches adopted for the equip-ment described. Once more, comparative advantages ofSerbian defense industry need to be pointed out: familiaritywithbothWestern and Eastern standards, application of hightechnological standards in manufacturing of arms & defenseequipment of Eastern standards, whichis of great importancetothose partners whoin development of their armed forces todate have relied upon those standards. This approach willenable our partners to achieve rapid and qualitative capa-bility for autonomous and effective response to the threats ofpresent-day terrorism.

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osle više godina intenzivnih aktivnosti, proteklih meseci jeuspešno zatvoren »prvi krug« evroatlantskih integacijaRepublike Srbije njenim pristupanjem programu»Partnerstvo za mir« i potpisivanjem sporazuma CEFTA uBukureštu. Takođe, otvorena je kancelarija za vezu sa NATOu zgradi Ministarstva odbrane u Beogradu, dok pregovori opridruživanju EU napreduju uz dobro poznate problemevezane za saradnju naše zemlje sa Haškim tribunalom.

Shodno tome očekuje se i značajno intenziviranje sarad-nje sa zemljama NATO u smislu bolje prodaje naoružanja ivojne opreme proizvedenog u Srbiji državama članicamaNATO, odnosno industrijske kooperacije i tehnoloških inte-gracija odbrambene industrije naše zemlje sa vodećimnacionalnim i multinacionalnim kompanijama odbrambeneindustrije zemalja članica Alijanse. Naša odbrambena indus-trija tu ima niz komparativnih prednosti. Između ostalog, tuje familijarnost sa standardima razvoja i proizvodnje NVOistočnog (pre svega ruskog) i zapadnog porekla, a tu su iznačajni istraživačkorazvojni i proizvodni kapaciteti i kvalite-tan stručni kadar.

Poznato je da smo još u periodu od 50-ih do 80-ih godina

After many years of intensive activities, “first round” ofEuro-Atlantic integrations was successfully completed inrecent months for the Republic of Serbia by its joining the‘Partnership for Peace’ program and signing of CEFTAagreement in Bucharest. Also, a NATO liaison office wasopened at the Ministry of Defense building in Belgrade whilenegotiations for joining the EU proceed shadowed by well-known problems related to cooperation of our country withthe Hague Tribunal.

Therefore, significant intensifying of cooperation withNATO countries may be expected in respect of strongersales of arms and defense equipment produced in Serbia toNATO member states, as well as industrial cooperation andtechnological integrations of our defense industry with lead-ing national and multinational corporations of the Alliancecountries. Our defense industry presents a number of com-parative advantages. Among others, it is familiar with devel-opment and manufacturing standards for arms and defenseequipment of both Eastern (primarily Russian) and Westernorigin, additionally it possesses significant R&D and man-ufacturing capacities and skilled human resources.

It is a known fact that in the period between1950-ies and 1980-ies, namely at the timeof completely different global military-polit-ical circumstances, our country enjoyed sig-nificant cooperation with NATO countries.Just remember the “off-shore” program inthe 50-ies and intensive production of cal.105mm and 155 mm artillery ammunitionfor armed forces of Greece and Turkey,countries which with then Yugoslavia rep-resented (an informal but practical)Southern Wing of NATO treaty and which,at the time, were technologically laggingbehind our defense industry. We can alsorecall collaboration in production with theFrench Aerospatial as strategic partnerwhen over 200 Gazelle helicopters (knownlocally as “Partisan”) were produced in ourcountry which supplied large number ofhelicopter component sets in offset. Otherexamples of cooperation include supply of“Viper” turboengine components to Boeing,construction of supersonic wind tunnel inŽarkovo, development project of “new com-

SRBIJA I NJENAODBRAMBENAINDUSTRIJA U

EVROATLANTSKIMINTEGRACIJAMA

SERBIA AND ITSDEFENSEINDUSTRY INEURO-ATLANTICINTEGRATIONS

PišeAleksandar Lijaković

Svetlana Šujak Marković

ByAleksandar LijakovićSvetlana Šujak Marković

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prošlog veka, dakle u vreme sasvim drugačije globalne voj-nopolitičke slike, ostvarivali značajnu saradnju sa članicamaNATO. Setimo se »off-shore« programa iz 50-tih godina,koji je obuhvatao proizvodnju u našim fabrikama municijepo američkoj dokumentaciji, uključujući kalibre 105 mm i155 mm, za potrebe američkih snaga u Evropi, kao i oružanihsnaga Grčke i Turske, zemalja koje su zajedno sa tadašn-jom Jugoslavijom (neformalno, ali praktično) činile južnokrilo NATO pakta. Setimo se zatim proizvodne kooperaci-je tokom koje smo, u strateškom partnerstvu sa francuskomfirmom Aerospatial, kod nas proizveli preko 200 helikopteraGazela (kod nas poznat i pod nazivom »Partizan«), a u kon-traisporukama isporučili partneru delove za proizvodnjuvelikog broja tih helikoptera. Tu je i proizvodnja delova tur-bomlaznog motora »Viper«, zatim proizvodnja hidrauličkihkomponenata i elemenata konstrukcije vazuhoplova za kom-paniju Boeing, izgradnja supersoničnog aerotunela uŽarkovu, razvoj »Novog aviona«, prenos tehnologija Olin-Winchester za proizvodnju sferičnog baruta u Lučanima,proizvodnja borbenih uniformi za oružane snage zemaljačlanica NATO, da pomenemo samo neke programe.

Mogućnosti za intenzivnu saradnju Republike Srbije izemalja članica programa Partnerstvo za mir danas su vrlorealne, imajući u vidu potencijale odbrambene industrijenaše zemlje. Integracija istraživačkorazvojih i proizvodnihkapaciteta srpske odbrambene industrije u aktuelne među-narodne programe razvoja složenih sredstava NVO svakakojeste značajan i jedan od strateških ciljeva naše odbrambeneindustrije.

Da li to znači da je realno očekivati i intenziviranje sarad-

bat aircraft”, technology transfer of spherical powder fromOlin-Winchester to Lučani, production of combat uniformsfor NATO members countries, to name but few.

The prospects of more intensive cooperation betweenSerbia and members of Partnership for peace are very real-istic today, keeping in mind the potential of our defenseindustry. Integration of R&D and manufacturing capacitiesof Serbian defense industry in current international devel-opment programs involving complex weapon systems with-out doubt represents one of significant strategic objectivesfor our defense industry.

Is it realistic to expect more intensive cooperation man-ifested by volume sales of arms to armed services of Western

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nje na planu kvantitativno značajnijih isporuka sredstavaNVO za potrebe OS zapadnih zemalja? Na primer, da li jerealno očekivati realizaciju masovnijih isporuka našihautomatskih pušaka za potrebe OS zemalja zapada? Svakakoda to nije jednostavno, budući da standardna vojnička puš-ka predstavlja jedan od najznačajnijih nacionalnih simbolaodbrambene industrije određene zemlje, odnosno njenihvojnopolitičkih integracija.

S tim uvezi, želimo da iznesemo neka naša marketinškaiskustva. Predstavnik ministrarstva odbrane jedne od naj-moćnijih evropskih država članica NATO je, tokom poseteštandu Jugoimport-SDPR na izložbi IDEX 2005 u AbuDabiju, videvši neke postupke ispitivanja puške M-21 uTehničkom opitnom centru u Nikincima, prikazane na pro-motivnom filmu, izjavio da sa puškom njihovog proizvođačataj postupak nije moguće izvesti. Takođe, predstavnikproizvođača upravo tog streljačkog naoružanja, koji pripadakrugu od nekoliko najznačajnijh svetskih kompanija u tojoblasti, rekao je sledeće na jednoj drugoj izložbi, uzevši uruke karabin M21K sa integrisanom »pikatini« šinom na pok-lopcu sanduka i podcevnim bacačem granata: »Vi ovu puškumožete da prodajete NATO-u.«

Ulaskom Srbije u NATO program Partnerstvo za mirotvara mogućnost za ponovno uspostavljanje saradnje domaćeodbrambene industrije sa vojnim industrijama drugih zemal-ja sveta. Uspostavljanje poslovne saradnje sa renomiranimkompanijama iz zemalja članica NATO omogućiće fabrika-ma odbrambene industrije naše zemlje da prošire svojeproizvodne asortimane, modernizuju tehnologiju i proizvod-nu opremu, a nadamo se i dovesti do osetnijeg zapošljavan-ja stručne radne snage.

S druge strane, partneri iz inostranstva imaće uJugoimport-SDPR, inetgratoru razvoja domaće odbrambeneindustrije i izvozniku njenih proizvoda, kao i u svim fab-rikama naše odbrambene industrije, sigurne isporučiocedelova, komponenti, gotovih proizvoda pa i složenih sistemaNVO.

Nadamo se da će srpska odbrambena industrija u izmen-jenim okolnostima na Balkanu i u svetu, ponovo postatirespektabilan faktor na međunarodnom tržištu NVO i timepovratiti status jednog od značajnijih državnih izvoznih bren-dova kakav je bila vojna industrija SFRJ pre 90-tih godinaprošlog veka.

countries? For instance, is it realistic to expect massivedeliveries of our assault rifles to Western armies? This isnot a simple matter since military rifle represents a hall-mark of national defense industry, respectively of its mili-tary-political integrations. Referring to that issue, we cancite some marketing experiences of our own. A MOD rep-resentative from one of most powerful European NATOcountries, while visiting the Jugoimport-SDPR chalet atIDEX 2005 exhibition in Abu Dhabi and viewing promotiontape showing the test procedure for the M-21 rifle at ourtest facility in Nikinci, commented that those test proce-dures could not be performed with military rifle made inhis country.

Also, a representative of that particular rifle manufactur-er that belongs to the inner circle of most important inter-national companies, while visiting another arms exhibitionand taking in his hands our carbine M21K that features inte-grated “Picatini” rail on breech cover and underslunggrenade launcher, stated that “we could sell this rifle toNATO”.

Entering of Serbia into NATO program Partnership forpeace opens up possibilities for reestablishing of coopera-tion between our defense industry and defense industriesof other countries worldwide. Establishment of businesscooperation with famous companies from the countriesmembers of NATO will provide for our defense industrypossibility to extend their production programs, modern-ize applied technologies and their production equipment,and hopefully substantial opening of working places for qual-ified manpower.

On the other hand, foreign partners will find inYugoimport-SDPR, the integrator of Serbian defense indus-try and the exporter of its products, as well as in all facto-ries of our defense industry, reliable supplier of parts, com-ponents, ready-made products and complex defense sys-tems.

We hope that in changing environment of both the Balkansand worldwide, Serbian defense industry will again becomerespectable factor on the international market thus restor-ing its status as one of Serbian major export brands as thedefense industry of SFRY used to be before the nineties ofthe last century.

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Usvajanjem Strategije razvoja info-rmacionog društva naša zemlja je učini-la značajan korak na svom putu ka inte-graciji u Evropsku uniju. VladaRepublike Srbije usvojila je pomenutustrategiju 5. oktobra ove godine.Uključivanjem informaciono-komunika-cionih tehnologija (IKT) u razvojne strategije naše zemljeobezbeđen je osnovni preduslov za izgradnju savremenenacionalne privrede i modernog društva u skladu sa evro-pskim standardima.

U okviru Strategije razvoja informacionog društvaRepublike Srbije, kao deo njenog akcionog plana,konkretno

By adopting the Strategy of Development of IT Society,our country has made a major step forward on its way towards

the integration with the European Union.The Government of the Republic of Serbia

adopted the above Strategy on October5 this year. Incorporation of theInformation and Communication

Technologies (ICT) in the development strategies of ourcountry ensures the basic precondition for building of a mo-dern national economy and modern society in line with theEuropean standards.

Within the framework of the Strategy of Development ofIT Society of the Republic of Serbia, as a part of its actionplan, the strategic priorities, initiatives, objectives, spheresof competences, and time frames have been specifically

defined, including E-education as well.The initiative is related to the educa-tion of citizens covering basic ICTskills, in line with the standards of com-puter literacy, which are compatiblewith ECDL (European ComputerDriving License). The objective of thisinitiative is to train the citizens in theuse of computers in their daily activi-ties and to enable them to, by conti-nuous improvement of their knowledgeand skills, remain competitive in theconditions of ever changing IT society.While assessing the priorities and ini-tiatives defined in the Strategy ofDevelopment of IT Society of theRepublic of Serbia, Yugoimport-FDSPhas, as a highly organized modernprocess-oriented business system,quickly noticed their particular impor-tance both for the company itself andfor the society as a whole. As early as

NOVINE UAKTIVNOSTIMAJUGOIMPORT-

SDPR IZ DOMENAINFORMACIONO-

KOMUNIKACIONIHTEHNOLOGIJA

NEWSCONCERNING THEACTIVITIES OFYUGOIMPORT-FDSP IN THE AREAOF INFORMATIONANDCOMMUNICATIONTECHNOLOGIES

PišuSlobodan KrstićVioleta Kalanj

BySlobodan KrstićVioleta Kalanj

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LITYsu definisani strateški prioriteti, inicijative, ciljevi, nadležno-

sti i rokovi koji uključuju i E-obrazovanje. Inicijativa se odnosina obrazovanje građana za osnovne IKT veštine, u skladu sanacionalnim standardima kompjuterske pismenosti koji sukompatibilni sa ECDL (European Computer DrivingLicence). Cilj ove inicijative je opismeniti građane da koristekompjutere u svojim svakodnevnim aktivnostima i omogući-ti im da, kroz stalno usavršavanje svojih znanja i sposobnosti,ostanu konkurentni u uslovima stalno promenjivog info-rmacionog društva.

Evropska Unija (EU), a potom i UNESCO prihvatili suECDL standard naveden u Strategiji razvoja informacionogdruštva Republike Srbije kao osnovni standard informatičkepismenosti. Nosilac nacionalne ECDL licence za Srbiju jeJISA - Jedinstveni informatički Savez Srbije. DefinisanjeECDL standarda kao osnove budućeg informaciono-komu-nikacionog znanja u Srbiji predstavlja jednu od strateškihprekretnica za brže uključenje našeg društva u savremenesvetske tokove.

Ceneći prioritete i inicijative definisane u Strategiji razvo-ja informacionog društva Republike Srbije, Jugoimport-SDPRje, kao visoko organizovan savremeni procesno orijentisanposlovni sistem, brzo uočio njihovu veliku važnost kako zasamo preduzeće, tako i za društvo u celini. Već 15. septe-mbra 2006.godine, akreditacijom od strane Jedinstvenoginformatičkog saveza Srbije, Jugoimport-SDPR je registrovankao zvanični međunarodni ECDL test centar.

Sertifikacijom po zahtevima ISO 9001:2000 standardapočetkom 2005. godine, projektovanjem originalnog pro-cesno orijentisanog informacionog sistema u skladu sa zahte-vima sistema menadžmenta kvalitetom i njegovom imple-mentacijom u intranet baziran na visoko sofisticiranim, mo-dernim, bezbednosno i funkcionalno pouzdanim IKT resu-rsima, Jugoimport-SDPR je znatno unapredio efikasnostsvog poslovanja što se neposredno odrazilo na povećanjeprofita i sveukupne vrednosti preduzeća. Sertifikacijomzaposlenih po ECDL standardu, opšte prihvaćenom sta-ndardu informatičke pismenosti u Evropi i svetu, Jugoimport-SDPR će dodatno unaprediti efikasnost svog poslovanja ipovećati svoju sveukupnu vrednost.

Jugoimport-SDPR je održao konferencija za novinare 25.oktobra 2006. godine na kojoj je promovisana usvojenaStrategija razvoja informacionog društvaRepublike Srbije. Time je Jugoimport-SDPRmaksimalno podržao sve definisane prioritete iinicijative, a ujedno i promovisao svoj novootvoreniECDL test centar. Pored Stevana Nikčevića, ge-neralnog direktora Jugoimport-SDPR i SlobodanaKrstića, rukovodioca Samostalnog odeljenja zainformatiku i kvalitet, ujedno i koordinatoraECDL test centra Jugoimport-SDPR i člana ži-rija za dodelu nagrade DISKOBOLOS, pomenu-toj konferenciji za novinare prisustvovali suProfesor Dr Marijana Vidas Bubanja, predse-davajući inicijative Elektronska jugoistočna Evropapakta za stabilnost jugoistočne Evrope i koordi-nator radne grupe za izradu Nacionalne strategi-je razvoja informacionog društva, Zoran Savić,jedan od učesnika u kreiranju i izradi strategije,Đorđe Dukić, predsednik Jedinstvenog info-rmatičkog saveza Srbije, Đorđe Ilić, direktor se-ktora sertifikacije SGS Beograd, kao i članovi

September 15, 2006, through accreditation by the UniqueIT Association of Serbia, Yugoimport-FDSP was registeredas the official international ECDL Test Center.

By our certification in compliance with the requirementsof ISO Standards 9001 : 2000 in the beginning of 2005, bydesigning the original process-oriented IT system in accor-dance with the requirements of the quality management sys-tem and by its implementation in intranet based on highlysophisticated, advanced, security-wise and functionally reli-able ICT resources, Yugoimport-FDSP has considerablyimproved the efficiency of its business operations, which hasbeen directly reflected on the increase of profit and the over-all values of the company. By certification of its employeesaccording to the ECDL standard, the generally adopted sta-ndard of IT literacy in Europe and worldwide, Yugoimport-FDSP will additionally improve the efficiency of its businessoperations and increase its overall value.

Yugoimport-FDSP held a press conference on October25, 2006, at which it promoted the adopted Strategy ofDevelopment of IT Society of the Republic of Serbia. TherebyYugoimport-FDSP provided maximum support to all thedefined priorities and initiatives and, at the same time, pro-moted its own newly opened ECDL Test Center. Apart fromStevan Nikcevic, the General Manager of Yugoimport-FDSP,and Slobodan Krstic, the Head of the Independent IT &Quality Department and, at the same time, the Coordinatorof ECDL Test Center of Yugoimport-FDSP and a memberof the jury awarding the DISKOBOLOS award, the ProfessorDr Marijana Vidas Bubanja, the Chairperson of the initia-tive the Electronic Southeast Europe of the Stability Pact ofSoutheast Europe and the Coordinator of the Working Groupfor drafting of the National Strategy for the Development ofIT Society, Zoran Savic, one of the participants in the cre-ation and drafting of the Strategy, Djordje Djukic, thePresident of the Unique IT Association of Serbia, DjordjeIlic, the Director of the Certification Sector of SGS Belgrade,as well as the members of the jury granting the annual awardDISKOBOLOS, which is awarded for the highest-qualityimplementation in the area of ICT in Serbia, were also pre-sent at the above press conference.

After having undertaken ECDL testing of its own employ-ees, ECDL Test Center of Yugoimport-FDSP will start

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žirija za dodelu godišnje nagrade DISKOBOLOS, koja sedodeljuje za najkvalitetnije implementacije u oblasti IKT uSrbiji.

Posle sprovedenog ECDL testiranja svojih zaposlenih,ECDL test centar Jugoimport-SDPR će početi sa prijemomprijava za ECDL testiranje svih zainteresovanih kandidatadrugih pravnih lica i građanstva. Osim ECDL testiranjaJugoimport-SDPR tržištu nudi i kvalitetnu ECDL obuku,ECDL literaturu, audio-vizuelne CD za samostalnu i gru-pnu ECDL obuku kandidata, kao i mogućnost ostalih name-nskih obuka i testiranja u skladu sa zahtevima i u dogovorusa zainteresovanim licima.

Otvaranjem ECDL test centra Jugoimport-SDPR je učiniosamo prvi korak kojim daje doprinos u strateškim oprede-ljenjima naše države u pogledu razvoja informacionog dru-štva.

Imajući u vidu ostale važne prioritete i inicijative defi-nisane u Strategiji razvoja informacionog društva RepublikeSrbije kao i ogromno iskustvo koje posedujemo u oblastispoljnotrgovinskog prometa, veliki broj pouzdanih i cenjenihpartnera u zemlji i inostranstvu, dobro organizovan i fleksi-bilan procesno orijentisan poslovni sistem i akumuliranoznanje u oblastima informaciono-komunikacionih tehnologi-ja, sistema menadžmenta kvalitetom i ostalih oblasti bitnihza efikasnu organizaciju savremenih poslovnih sistema,Jugoimport-SDPR planira i otvaranje novog profitno orijen-tisanog segmenta svog poslovanja koji se odnosi na sve aspe-kte ponuda domaćim i stranim partnerima iz domena info-rmaciono-komunikacionih tehnologija i znanja i domenakonsalting usluga u oblasti sistema menadžmenta kvalite-tom u skladu sa svetskim standardima.

Jugoimport-SDPR je poznat po tome da usmerava svojeposlovanje na različita tržišta shodno vrsti programa, uslo-vljenih privrednim i ekonomskim okruženjem i specifičnimfaktorima, karakterističnim za određene regione i pojedi-načna tržišta. Uspostavljeni dosadašnji poslovni odnosi sadomaćim i stranim partnerima, zasnovani su na visokom ste-penu obostranog poverenja i čvrstom kredibilitetu, i ulivajupoverenje našim budućim partnerima.

Informaciono-komunikacione tehnologije pružaju velikemogućnosti i imaju sveopšti uticaj na nacionalne privrede iglobalnu konkurentnost. Jugoimport-SDPR će, u narednomperiodu, pokušati da integriše sve ključne aktere na domaćemIKT tržištu u cilju zajedničkog partnerskog nastupa na svimtržištima koja mogu da obezbede IKT profit.

Spremnost Jugoimport-SDPR da upotpuni razvoj novimprofitabilnim programima, na osnovu svoje dosadašnjeuspešnosti i organizovanosti, dokaz je njegove prilagodljivostisavremenim tržišnim i ekonomskim uslovima i težnje dabude ne samo učesnik na tržištu već i stvarni kreator novogdruštveno ekonomskog okruženja.

Informaciono-komunikaciona tehnologija je jedinstvenapo mnogo čemu, što ističe i Strategija razvoja informacionogdruštva Republike Srbije. Ona ima karakteristike tehnologi-je ‚praga’, s potencijalom da brzo promeni čitavu strukturudruštva i preoblikuje način na koji je organizovana našaprivreda.

Inicijativa vezana za promociju i unapređenje informa-cionog društva treba da omogući Srbiji da krene dalje upravcu razvoja i da se potpuno integriše u globalnu ekonomi-ju mnogo brže nego korišćenjem bilo koje druge tehnologi-je.

receiving applications for ECDL testing of all interested ca-ndidates from other legal entities and the citizens. Apartfrom ECDL testing, Yugoimport-FDSP is also offering tothe market high-quality ECDL training, ECDL literature,audio-visual CDs for individual and group ECDL trainingof candidates, as well as the possibility of other special-pu-rpose training and testing in compliance with the require-ments and upon agreement with the interested parties.

By opening the ECDL Test Center, Yugoimport-FDSPhas made only the first step with which it is contributing tothe strategic commitments of our state with respect to thedevelopment of IT society.

Bearing in mind the other important priorities and initia-tives defined in the Strategy of Development of IT Societyof the Republic of Serbia as well as the huge experience wehave in the area of foreign trade, a large number of reliableand esteemed partners both in the country and abroad, wellorganized and flexible process-oriented business system,and accumulated knowledge in the areas of information andcommunication technologies, the quality management sys-tem, and other areas of importance for efficient organiza-tion of advanced business systems, Yugoimport-FDSP isalso planning to open a new profit-oriented segment of itsbusiness operations, which is related to all aspects of theproposals to the domestic and international partners in thearea of information and communication technologies andknow-how and in the area of consulting services in the fieldof the quality management system in compliance with theinternational standards.

Yugoimport-FDSP is renowned for streamlining its busi-ness operations to various markets subject to the type of theprogram, conditioned by the industrial and economic envi-ronment and specific factors, characteristic for certainregions and individual markets. The so-far established busi-ness relations with the domestic and foreign partners, basedon a high degree of mutual trust and solid credibility, inspireconfidence to our future partners.

The information and communication technologies offergreat opportunities and have an overall influence on thenational economies and global competition. Yugoimport-FDSP will, in the forthcoming period, endeavor to integrateall the key stakeholders in the domestic ICT market for thepurpose of joint partnership appearance in all the marketsthat can ensure ICT profit.

Readiness of Yugoimport-FDSP to complete its develo-pment with new profitable programs, on the basis of its so-far success and organization, it the evidence of its adapt-ability to the modern market and economic conditions andthe endeavors not only to be a participant in the market butalso the actual creator of a new social and economic envi-ronment.

The information and communication technologies areunique in many aspects, which is also stressed in the Strategyof Development of IT Society of the Republic of Serbia. Theyhave the characteristics of the threshold technologies, withthe potential to rapidly change the entire structure of thesociety and to reshape the way in which our economy is orga-nized.

The initiative related to the promotion and improvementof IT society should enable Serbia to proceed further withthe development and to fully integrate in the global econo-my much faster than by using any other technology.

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Osnovna namena i koncept sredstva

Protivoklopni sistem vođene rakete BUMBAR je lakoprenosno protivoklopno sredstvo za napadna i odbrambenadejstva na malim daljinama. BUMBAR mogu koristiti najnižetaktičke jedinice pešadije u svim borbenim situacijama uzsve prednosti zaklanjanja koje omogućava konfiguracija ter-ena, fortifikacijski objekti i urbana sredina. Mogućnost lan-siranja iz zatvorenog prostora daje BUMBARU atribut pravogodbrambenog oružja. Domet do 600 m uz mogućnostpovećanja do 1000 m, odlično je prilagođen zoni neposredneprotivoklopne odbrane pešadije.

U poređenju sa ručnim bacačima raketa maksimalni dometrakete BUMBAR je dvostruko ili čak trostruko veći, uz ukup-nu masu i ukupnu fleksibilnost taktičke upotrebe koja jeuporediva sa ručnim lanserima nevođenih raketa i uz efikas-nost na cilju koja je uporediva sa teškim sistemima vođenihraketa velikog dometa. Domet sistema BUMBAR praktičnopokriva minimalni domet protivoklopnih raketa za velikedaljine na kome je verovatnoća pogađanja cilja ovih sistemasrazmerno mala.

BUMBAR je prvenstveno protivoklopni sistem, ali njegoveosobine omogućavaju izvršenje mnogo šireg spektra bor-benih zadataka. Višenamenska upotreba sistema ostvarenaje primenom alternativnih bojevih glava za uništavanje nepri-jateljskih bunkera, otpornih tačaka, utvrđenih objekata ipešadije u poljskim zaklonima. Borbena autonomija i lakaprenosivost, zajedno sa fleksibilnošću taktičke upotrebe,mogućnost dejstva iz zatvorenog prostora, uz visoku efikas-nost primenjenih bojnih glava, čini BUMBAR pogodnim za

Weapon application and main concept

Anti-armor guided missile system BUMBAR is a light-weight portable offensive and defensive anti-armor weaponfor close ranges. BUMBAR may be operated by the lowestinfantry tactical units in all combat situations, by making useof cover afforded by terrain configuration, fortified objectsand urban environment. Capability of launching in enclosedspaces earns BUMBAR the attribute of a truly defensiveweapon. Its range of 600 meters, with possible increase to1000 meters, is perfectly suited for infantry close range anti-tank defenses.

Compared to hand-held rocket launchers, maximum rangeof BUMBAR missile is two to three times greater, its totalmass and overall flexibility in tactical use are comparable tounguided rocket launchers and its target effectiveness iscomparable to large, long-range guided missile systems.Effective range of the system BUMBAR practically coversthe minimum range of long-range anti-armor missiles, whentheir target hit probability is comparatively poor.

BUMBAR is primarily an anti-armor system, its proper-ties, however, allow engaging within a much broader spec-trum of combat missions. Multi-purposness of the systemis achieved by application of alternative warheads designedfor annihilation of hostile bunkers, points of resistance, for-tified objects and infantry in field covers. Highly portableand autonomous in combat, flexible for use in various tac-tical situations, able to fire in enclosed spaces and providedwith highly effective warheads, system BUMBAR is also wellsuited for anti-terrorist operations, particularly in urban

areas. Two additional tactical advantages, notrelated to conventional anti-armor combat,deserve special mention as particularly promi-nent in urban anti-terrorist engagements.These are: minimum effective range of only 60m at which missile can be effectively guided totarget and high probability of hitting fast, rela-tively small targets (light combat vehicles, armedand armored jeep-type vehicles) at short ranges(up to 200 m). Principle of direct guidance alongthe line of sight to target, comprises heavy war-head (of comparatively greater mass than war-heads of so-called controllable anti-armor mis-siles that impact the armor from upper hemi-sphere) and provides greater effectivenessagainst fortified objects, an important factor foranti-terrorist operations.

PROTIVOKLOPNISISTEM

VOĐENE RAKETEBUMBAR

BUMBAR(BUMBLE BEE)ANTI-TANKMISSILE SYSTEM

PišeAleksandar Lijaković

ByAleksandar Lijaković

primenu u antiterorističkim operacijama, posebno u urban-im sredinama. Treba naglasiti još dve taktičke prednostiBUMBARA koje, osim u klasičnoj protivoklopnoj borbi,posebno dolaze do izražaja u savremenim antiterorističkimdejstvima u urbanim sredinama. To su kratak minimalnidomet (60 m) na kome se raketa može efikasno voditi do cil-ja, kao i velika verovatnoća pogađanja brzih relativno malihciljeva (laka borbena vozila, naoružana i oklopljena terens-ka vozila) na kratkim dometima (do 200 m); Princip direk-tnog vođenja do cilja po nišanskoj liniji, koji podrazumevaprimenu teške bojne glave (srazmerno veće mase nego uslučaju bojnih glava PO raketnih sistema razvijenih na bazitakozvanih upravljivih raketa, kod kojih se primenjuju lakšebojne glave koje dejstvuju na oklop iz gornje polusfere)omogućava veću efikasnost protiv utvrđenih objkata, poseb-no značajnu u antiterorističkoj borbi.

Sa stanovišta odnosa cena - efiaksnost, primenjeni kon-cept omogućava da cena BUMBARA bude znatno niža odcene sistema baziranih na upravljivim raketama iste kate-gorije dometa, a uz veću verovatnoću pogađanja kojuomogućava vođenje rakete. Sistemi 3. generacije, kod kojihsu primenjene glave za samonavođenje, značajno su skupljiod sistema baziranih na upravljivim raketama.

Taktička upotreba

Oružjem BUMBAR rukuje jedan vojnik iz dvočlanog pro-tivoklopnog tima. Drugi vojnik nosi, u zavisnosti od taktičkesituacije, jednu, dve ili tri rezervne rakete u transportno-lansirnim cevima. Na ciljeve do borbenih daljina od 300 mraketa se može lansirati sa ramena strelca, a preko 300 m sapostolja ili oslonca. Raketa se lansira sa ramena, u stojećemili klečećem položaju, u kojima strelac koristi raspoloživiprirodni oslonac ili, u slučaju urbane sredine, prozor, otvoru zidu ili slično. Mogućnost lansiranja sa ramena znatnoproširuje fleksibilnost taktičke upotrebe BUMBARA, skraću-je vreme dejstva, te doprinosi dinamici borbenog dejstva. Usaglasnosti sa dinamikom dejstva jeste i kratko vreme zamenelansirne cevi posle lansiranja sa novom raketom u lansirnojcevi.

From the point of cost-effectiveness, the concept appliedenables considerably lower price of the BUMBAR miss com-pared to prices of controllable missile systems of similarrange. AT systems of 3rd generation, equipped with hom-ing heads are, in turn, significantly more expensive than con-trollable missile systems.

Tactical use

One soldier of the two-member antitank team operatesthe weapon BUMBAR. The other team member carries,depending on tactical situation, one, two or three spare mis-siles in their transporting/launching tubes. At combat rangesto 300 m, missile may be shoulder launched, for distancesexceeding 300 m launching is from the stand. Missile isshoulder launched in standing or kneeling position whenoperator uses available natural support or, if in a settlement,he takes support of a window, wall opening, etc. The abilityof shoulder launching considerably expands flexibility of tac-tical uses, reduces firing time and contributes to higher com-bat dynamics. In line with the dynamics of BUMBAR engage-ment is short time needed to replace the launching tube witha new tube with missile.

Shoulder launching enables effective missile guidance upto 300 m in range, conditioned by stability of the line of sightand limitations of operator. The use of stand will stabilizethe line of sight up to 600 m (resp. to 1000 m for the latestversion of the missile). Application of bipod or tripod standand mechanism for target tracking in azimuth and elevationallows effectiveness at maximum range without use any nat-ural of other support, by firing in sitting, kneeling or proneposition.

The missile is guided to target by means of guidance andlaunching mechanism. This device in traveling position iscarried by operator, together with bipod/tripod stand, in spe-cial knapsack. Depending on tactical situation, missile oper-ator can carry one or two extra missiles, in addition to theknapsack. Thus a two-man team carries up to 5 missiles incombat, achieving high combat autonomy. Before firing,operator attaches the guidance and launching unit to the

tube with missile. In respect of the BUMBARflexibility of tactical use, significant quality isintroduced by image projection fromguidance/launching unit’s TV camera on opera-tor’s eyepiece, located on his helmet. Image istransferred by cable, permitting the operator toassume comfortable position of his head and bet-ter view of combat situation immediately prior tomissile firing, to make better selection of avail-able supports or covers, including cover fromdirect small arms fire. Together with minor dis-closing of firing position and capability to fire inenclosed area, all these factors increase the prob-ability of survival of missile operator.Sub-title:

Description of BUMBAR system

The BUMBAR system is based on improvedsemiautomatic command guidance system (SAC-LOS). After launching, operator only needs tokeep reticle of the sight aligned with the target

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Lansiranje sa ramena omogućava efikasno vođenje raketedo daljina od 300m, što je uslovljeno stabnilnošću nišanskelinije, odnosno ograničenjima operatora. Korišćenjem oslon-ca nišanska linija se stabilizuje i daljina dejstva se povećavana maksimalnih 600 m (odnosno 1000 kod nove varijanterakete). Primena lansirnog postolja sa dvonošcem ilitronošcem, sa mehanizmom za praćenje cilja po azimutu ielevaciji omogućava ostvarivanje dejstva na maksimalnoj dalji-ni u uslovima nepostojanja prirodnih ili drugih oslonaca izsedećeg/klečećeg ili ležećeg položaja.

Raketa se do cilja vodi pomoću uređaja za vođenje i lan-siranje. Ovaj uređaj u marševskom položaju prenosi strelaczajedno sa dvonožnim/tronožnim postonjem, u posebnomrancu. U zavisnosti od taktičke situacije strelac, pored ran-ca, može da nosi jednu do dve rakete, tako da borbeni dvočlanitim u borbi prenosi do 5 raketa, čime se postiže visoka bor-bena autonomija. Kada strelac želi da gađa cilj, on postavl-ja uređaj za vođenje i lasiranje na raketu u lansirnoj cevi. Sastanovišta fleksibilnosti taktičke upotrebe BUMBARA, znača-jan kvalitet unosi rešenje projektovanja slike sa TV kamereuređaja za vođenje i lansiranje na monitor na okularu strel-ca smešten na borbenom šlemu. Prenos slike izvodi sekablom i omogućava udobniji položaj glave strelca, bolji pre-gled borbene situacije neposredno pre izvođenja gađanja iširu mogućnost korišćenja raspoloživih oslonaca, odnosnozaklona, uključujući i zaklon od neposredne streljačke vatre.Zajedno sa malim demaskiranjem i mogućnosti lansiranjaiz zatvorenog prostora, ova osobina doprinosi povećanjuverovatnoće preživljavanja strelca.

and the missile will fly along the line of sight until impacton target. By guidance method, BUMBAR belongs to sys-tems of 2nd generation, however it possesses two propertyfeatures available to 3rd generation anti-armor missile sys-tems. These are “soft” launching with low muzzle velocitythat enables missile launching in closed area and minorunmasking effect of the firing position, as well as guid-ance/launching locator protection from jamming achievedwith the use of CCD matrix sensors, fast image processingcomputer and robust missile tracer recognition algorithm.Application of appropriate software for signal processing inguidance and launching unit and tracer computer deter-mines missile’s position while rejecting jamming. TV cam-era operation is synchronized with the guidance and tracersystem by hybrid electrical circuit in the missile during twosecond prior to missile launch. Micro-cable for guidancecommands to the missile has been retained for effective pro-tection from jamming and lower cost of the missile.

Anti-armor guided missile system BUMBAR uses tandemshaped charge warhead. Warheads are spaced by four cal-

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Opis sistema BUMBAR

Sistem BUMBAR zasnovan je na primeni usavršenog polu-automatskog komandnog sistema vođenja (SACLOS). Nakonlansiranja potrebno je da strelac samo drži končanicu nišan-skog uređaja na željenoj tački cilja, dok raketa leti okonišanske linije do susreta sa ciljem. Prema načinu vođenja,BUMBAR spada u sisteme druge generacije, ali posedujedve osobine protivoklopnih sistema treće generacije. To su„meki" način lansiranja rakete malom početnom brzinomkoji omogućava dejstvo iz zatvorene prostorije i mali demaski-rajući efekat na vatrenom položaju, kao i zaštita uređaja zavođenje i lasiranje raketeod ometanja ostvarena jeprimenom CCD matričnihsenzora brzog računara zaobradu slike i robustnogalgoritma za prepoznavan-je trasera rakete.Primenom odgovarajućegsoftvera za obradu signalau računaru uređaja zavođenje i lasiranje i traseraodređuje se položaj raketeuz odbacivanje smetnji.Sinhronizacija rada TVkamera uređaja za vođen-je i lansiranje i trasera vršise u trajanju od dvesekunde pre lansiranjarakete. Mikrokabl zaprenos komandi na raketuje zadržan zbog efikasnezaštite od ometanja ismanjenja cene rakete.

Protivoklopna vođenaraketa sistema BUMBAR,ima tandem kumulativnubojnu glavu. Rastojanje odčetiri kalibra izmeđubojnih glava, postignuto jepostavljanjem osnovnebojne glave iza marševskograketnog motora.

Minimalna daljinagađanja od 60m određenaje zonom bezbednostioperatora od dejstva tan-dem kumulativne bojne glave.Uvođenje rakete u tunel vođenja na ras-tojanju od 60 m ostvareno je snažnimsistemom za upravljanje vektorompotiska marševskog motora smeštenim u blizini težišta rakete.Novo rešenje sistema za upravljanje vektorom potiskaomogućava raketi da „oštro" manevriše i pri malim brzina-ma (u odnosu na poznate rakete druge generacije poluprečnikkrivine putanje je manji osam puta u prvih 100 m leta).Marševski motor se pali pošto raketa dejstvom startnog moto-ra pređe rastojanju od približno 3 metra od lansera.

Pošto je pravilno usmerio oruđe postavljanjem cilja u cen-tar končanice nišanskog sistema, strelac treba da pritisneokidač držeći cilj sve vreme u centru končanice, dok raketane pogodi cilj. Uređaj za vođenje i laniranje određuje putan-

ibers, with primary warhead positioned behind sustainerrocket motor.

Minimum fringe range of 60m is determined by safety fac-tor for operator from effects of tandem shaped charge war-head. Missile enters the guidance tunnel at 60 m from themuzzle by powerful guidance system controlling thrust vec-tor of sustainer motor, situated close to missile’s center ofgravity. Novel solution of guidance by control of the thrustvector enables sharp maneuvers even at low speeds (com-pared to familiar 2nd generation missiles, trajectory radiusof turn is eight times tighter during the first 100 m of flight).

Sustainer motor fires atabout 3 m from launchtube, the distancereached by ejectionmotor.After proper aiming, withtarget in the center ofsighting device reticle,operator depresses thetrigger and keeps the tar-get in the center untilmissile impact. Guidanceand launching mecha-nism determines the tra-jectory from detected IRenergy emitted by tracermounted at the missilerear. Information on mis-sile trajectory are com-pared to viewing line setby operator while aimingthe weapon on target.Should missile deviatefrom viewing line, equip-ment will generate con-trol signal that correctsthe trajectory, sent viamicro cable attached tomissile. Missile is con-trolled by a pair of inter-ceptors for every nozzleof sustainer motor.Activation of interceptorsin sustainer motorexhaust jets during vari-able periods ensures

minimum missile deviations from theline of target viewing. On impact, con-tact cap at missile tip is short-circuit-ed, first activating the fuze of secondary

warhead, then of the primary warhead. Secondary warheadis designed to neutralize tank reactive armor, enabling effec-tive penetration of main armor by shaped charge jet of pri-mary warhead. Upon completing missile guidance, opera-tor removes guidance/launching mechanism from launch-ing tube, attaching it to new tube with missile.

The BUMBAR system consists of the weapon, test equip-ment with spare tools and accessories, training kit and pack-ing.

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ju na osnovu detektovane IC energije koju emituje trasersmešten na zadnjem delu rakete. Podaci o putanji raketeporede se sa linijom viziranja kojuodređuje strelac usmeravanjemoružja prema cilju. Ukoliko rake-ta odstupa od linije viziranja (cen-trar slike), uređaj generiše upravl-jačke signale za korekciju putanjekoji se šalju mikrokablom premaraketi. Raketom se upravlja sa jed-nim parom interceptora na svakomod mlaznika marševskog motora.Unošenjem interceptora u izdu-vne mlazeve marševskog motora urazličitim trajanjima obezbeđujese minimalno odstupanje raketeod linije viziranja cilja. Pri udaruu cilj kontaktna kapa rakete sekratko spoji i aktivira upaljač prvopomoćne, a zatim osnovne bojne glave. Pomoćna bojna gla-va treba da neutrališe eksplozivni reaktivni oklop tenka i timeomogućava efikasno dejstvo kumulativnog mlaza osnovnebojne glave rakete na osnovni oklop tenka. Kada je završenovođenje rakete, strelac skida uređaj za vođenje i lansiranjesa lansirne cevi i postavlja ga na cev sa novom raketom.

Sistem BUMBAR sastoji se od oružja, merno-ispitneopreme sa rezervnim alatom i priborom, opreme za obukui opreme za pakovanje

Značajna tehnička dostignuća razvijena iprimenjena na sistemu BUMBAR"

- Tandem kumulativna bojna glava za uništenje savre-menih tenkova i tenkova sa ERO

- Optoelektronski digitalni TV koordinator rakete za kojisu razvijeni novi računari i softver za vođenje i upravljanjeraketom

- Zaštita koordinatora od ometanja IC mamcima primenomrobustnih algoritama za frekventnu, amplitudsku, položa-jnu i diferencijalnu diskriminaciju smetnji, koji rade u sinhro-nizaciji sa IC traserom rakete

- Savremena rešenja bloka elektronike rakete, primenommikroprocesora i namenski razvijenih konektora interfejsarakete i lansirne cevi

- Novo rešenje nišanskog durbina sa CCD TV kameromiLCD čime su otklonjeni ergonomski problemi i olakšanatehnologija njegove izrade

- Visoko efikasan sistemza upravljanje vektorompotiskarakete koji 25% aksijalne komponente potiska pretvara ubočnu upravljačku silu rakete

- Robustnorešenje pogonske grupe rakete otporno na tem-peraturske varijacije ambijenta u operativnom temper-aturskom području od -30°S do 50°S

- Novo rešenje slobodnog žiroskopa koji se zaleće energi-jom gasa pod pritiskom iz gasogeneratora, za PO rakete čijilet traje do 10s

- Novi mikrokabl visoke prekidne čvrstoće, od ugljeničnihvlakana, za dozvučne brzine rakete do 300 m/s

- Savremeno rešenje lansirne cevi i njoj pripadajućih ele-

Significant advanced technical featuresdeveloped and incorporated on BUMBARsystem

- Tandemshaped charge warheadcapableof destroyingmoderntanksand tanks equipped with explo-sive-reactive armor- Optoelectronic digital missile TVcoordinator comprising speciallydeveloped computers and missileguidance and control software- Coordinator protected from IRflare jamming by application ofrobust algorithms for frequency,amplitude, position and differen-tial discrimination of jamming,operating in synchronization withmissile IR tracer

- Advanced missile electronics circuitry using micro-processors and specially developed missile to launch tubeinterface connectors

- Novel solution of sighting telescope withCCD TV cameraand LCD eliminates ergonomic problems and facilitatesits manufacturing technology

- Highly efficient missile thrust vector control systemcon-verting 25% of thrust axial component into lateral missilecontrol force

- Robust solution of missile propulsion resistant to varia-tions of ambient temperatures, operations within the rangeof -3O°C to 50°C

- Novel solution of free gyrospinning under pressure fromgas generator, suitable for AT missiles with time of flightup to 10 s

- Newmicrocable of high tensile strength, made of carbonfibers, suitable for subsonic speeds to 300 m/s

- Advanced launching tube and accessories made of light-weight materials tube also serves for missile storing andtransport

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menata od lakih materijala koja je ujedno i kontejener zaskladištenje i transport rakete

Predstojeća usavršavanja sistema:

Faza 1. Integracija termovizijske kamere; povećanjedometa na 1000 m; razvoj novih bojnih glava - termobaričkei probojno-rušeće, namenjene za dejstvo na utvrđene objek-te; uvođenje pokretne končanice sa automatskim praćenjemcilja u lokator uređaja za vođenje i lansiranje

Faza 2. Integracija glave za samonavođenje

Follow-on system upgrading:

Phase 1: Integration of thermal imaging camera, extend-ed range to 1000 m; development of new warheads – ther-mobaric and concrete-piercing-demolition; new warheadsdesigned for fortifications; introduction of moving reticlewith automatic target tracking for locator of missile guid-ance/launching unit.

Phase 2.: Integration of homing head of 3rd gen. missile

Uređaj za vođenje i lansiranje ima sledećekarakteristike:

- IC senzor CCD TV kamera- spektralno područje 0.7-1.1 mikrometara- vidno polje širokougaonog objektiva 10- ugao nadvišenja ose širokougaonog objektiva 6'- vidno polje uskougaonog objektiva 1,2- osa uskougaonog objektiva paralelna sa osom nišanskog

durbina- vidno polje nišanskog durbina 12- uvećanje nišanskog durbina 3 puta

Taktičko- tehničke karakteristike sistemaBUMBAR- komandno vođena raketa druge generacije sa mikrok-

ablom za prenos komandi

- kalibar rakete ..................................................... 136mm- minimalni domet ................................................ 60m- maksimalni domet............... 600m ( u razvoju 1000 m)- vreme leta do cilja na 600 m.............................. 4.6 s- verovatnoća pogađanja nepokretnih i pokretnih ciljeva

............................................................................ veća od 95%- probojnost bojne glave ............................ preko 1000mm- masa lansirnog sistema na vatrenom položaju ... 18 kg- dužina oruđa u marševskom položaju ........... 1164mm- broj poslužilaca ...................................................... dva- mali demaskirajući efekat na vatrenom položaju- mogućnost gađanja iz zatvorene prostorije- mogućnost gađanja noću- masa rakete u transportno-lasnirnoj cevi ......... 14 kg- masa rakete ......................................................... 12 kg- bojna glava tandem kumulativna- kalibar osnovne bojeve glave ........................... 136mm- kalibar pomoćne bojeve glave ............................ 55mm- maksimalna brzina rakete ................................ 250m/s- početna brzina rakete 18m/s- vreme od povlačenja okidača do pogađanja cilja na dalji-

ni od 600 m ..................................................... manje od 5 s- masa tronošca .......................................................... 4 kg- masa uređaja za vođenje ........................................ 4 kg- masa lansirne cevi.................................................... 2 kg- ugao nadvišenja ose LC............................................ 100

Guidance and launching equipment of thefollowing specifications:

- IR sensor .............................................. CCD TV camera- Spectrum range...............................0.7-1.1 micrometers- Wide angle lens field of view ........................................10- Wide angle lens superelavation angle........................... 6'- Narrow angle lens field of view ...................................1,2- Narrow angle lens axis parallel to sighting telescope axis- Sighting telescope field of view .................................. 12- Sighting telescope magnification.................................x 3

Tactical-technical specifications of theBUMBAR system

- Command guidance missile of 2nd generation with microcable for transfer of

commands- Missile caliber .................................................... 136mm- Minimum range ….................................................. 60m- Maximum rang...... 600m (1000 m under development)- Time of flight to target at 600 m ………........… 4.6 s- Hit probability for stationary and moving targets

....................................................................greater than 0.95- Warhead penetration ...............................over 1000mm- Launching system mass in firing position ........ 18 kg- Weapon length in traveling position .............. 1164mm- Number of operators................................................. two- Low disclosing signature at firing position- Capable of firing in closed spaces- Night firing capability- Mass of missile in transporting/launching tube.. 14 kg- Missile mass .......................................................... 12 kg- Warhead .....................................tandem, shaped charge- Primary warhead caliber .................................. 136mm- Secondary warhead caliber................................. 55mm- Missile maximum velocity ..................................250m/s- Missile muzzle velocity..........................................18m/s- Time from trigger depressing to impact on target at 600m

.…..................................................................... less than 5 s- Mass of tripod .......................................................... 4 kg- Mass of guidance/launching mechanism ............... 4 kg- Mass of launching tube ........................................... 2 kg- LC axis superelevation angle ................................ 10|O

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Savremeni borbeni uslovi sistema protivvazdušne odbrane(PVO) nameću izuzetno složene opšte i posebne zahteve,posebno podsistemi vazdušnog osmatranja i javljanja (VOJ).Jedan od osnovnih zadataka projektovanja sistema protiv-vazdušne odbrane jeste projektovanje mreže radaskih položa-ja za borbeni raspored jedinica VOJ. Zadatak postaje izuzetnosložen ako se postave strogi taktičko-tehnički zahtevi pod-sistemu za vazdušno osmatranje i navođenje ( VOJIN). Jedanod najstrožih zahteva jeste otkrivanje u realnom vremenu ineprekidno praćenje ciljeva malih refleksnih površina, naizuzetno malim visinama, na daljinama koje omogućavajuoptimalnu reakciju sistema PVO. Zadatak postaje još složeni-ji ako se zna da je osnovni uslov za preživljavanje sistemaVOJ u ratnim dejstvima manevar jedinica VOJ pokretom.Ovaj zahtev višestruko povećava broj radaskih položaja(RP),odnosno usložava potrebnu mrežu radarskih položaja za dateuslove osmatranja i praćenja.

Projektovanje mreže radarskih položaja

Primarni parametri koji diktiraju projektovanje mreže suzakrivljenost zemljine površine, profil reljefa, refleksna površi-na cilja i tipovi raspoloživih antenskih sistema radara.Sekundarni parametri su trenutno stanje ispravnostiradarskih sistema i stanje atmosfere. Od ovih parametaraneposredno zavisi broj radarskih položaja i radara za zadatetaktičko-tehničke zahteve. Zakrivljenost zemljine površinekao parametar koji određuje mrežu radarskih položaja utičetako da se ciljevi ispod radarskog horizonta ne mogu osma-trati. Iz formule za pad zemljine krivine može se izračunatida se na daljini od 100 km ne mogu videti ciljevi visine ispod800 m, odnosno 591 m, ako se u obzir uzima povijanje ele-ktromagnetnih talasa (radaski horizont ). Ako pretpostavi-mo da je zona za koju se projektuje mreža radarskih položa-ja idealno ravničarska, vidimo da već prvi parmetar traži višeradskih položaja ako je zahtevana visina otkrivanja mala, adaljina otkrivanja relativno velika.

Kako se taj odnos kreće pokazaćemo na sledećim prime-rima. Neka je površina zahtevane zone otkrivanja na visina-ma 600 m recimo 90000 km2 (300 km x 300 km), površinakoju jedan radar pokriva za tu visinu je krug prečnika 200km i površine 31400 km2. U taktici VOJ se umanjuje na 2,6zbog potrebe preklapanja radarskog polja, pa je površina za

The current combat conditions of air-defense systems(ADSs) impose particularly complex overall and specialrequirements, particularly for the subsystems of air surveil-lance and reporting (AS&R). One of the basic tasks whendesigning an air-defense system is to design the system ofa net of radar posts for combat deployment of AS&R units.This task becomes particularly complex if strict tactical andtechnical requirements are set for the subsystem of air sur-veillance and guidance (AS&G). One of the strictest require-ments is the detection in real time and continuous trackingof targets of small radar cross-sections, on particularly lowaltitudes, at ranges that enable optimal response of ADS sys-tems. This task becomes even more complex if it is knownthat the basic condition for survival of an AS&R system inmilitary actions is the maneuver of AS&R units by move-ment. This requirement multiply increases the number ofradar posts (RP), i.e. makes more complex the required netof radar posts for the given conditions of surveillance andtracking.

Designing the Net of Radar Posts

The primary parameters that dictate designing of the netare the curvature of the earth’s surface, the cross-section ofthe relief, radar cross-section of the target, and types of theavailable radar antenna systems. The secondary parametersare the current proper operating state of the radar systemsand the state of the atmosphere. The number of radar postsand radars directly depends on the above parameters for theset tactical and technical requirements. The curvature ofthe earth’s surface as the parameter, which defines the netof radar posts, has such an influence that the targets belowthe radar horizon cannot be surveilled. From the formulafor the decline of the earth’s curvature, it is possible to cal-culate that, at a range of 100 km, targets at an altitude below800 m, or 591m, cannot be seen if bending of the electro-magnetic waves it taken into account (radar horizon). If weassume that the zone for which the net of radar posts isdesigned is ideally lowland, we see that already the first para-meter requires more radar posts if the required altitude ofdetection is low, and the detection range is relatively long.

We shall demonstrate how this relationship works on thefollowing examples: Let us assume that the square area of

IZBORRADASKOGPOLOŽAJA

POMOĆURAČUNARA

COMPUTER-AIDEDSELECTION OFRADAR POSTMODERNIZATIONPROGRAMME

Pišepuk. Jolkić Slobodan, dipl. ing.

ByCol. Slobodan Jolkic, B.Sc

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jedan radar u stvari 26000 km2. Iz odnosa površina zonei površine koju radar pokriva dobija se potreban brojradara. U ovom slučaju 3, odnosno 4 radara za pouz-dano prekrivanje. Ako bi zahtev bio da visina otkrivanjabude 147 m, u tom slučaju za istu zonu trebalo bi nam13 radara.

Konfiguraci ja terena,odnosno reljef kao drugi pri-marni parametar, takođeutiče na složenost mrežeradarskih položaja povećan-jem broja radara, zbogstvaranja radarskih maski(Slika broj 1).

U taktici VOJ, brojradarskih položaja u odnosuna ravničarski teren, uveća-va se za 20-25% zbog utica-ja reljefa, što, u našem primeru, sada iznosi oko 16.Refleksna površina cilja, odnosno taktičko-tehničkizahtev da se ciljevi malih refleksnih površina otkriva-ju i prate na optimalnoj daljini, takođe značajno utičena broj radarskih položaja u mreži. U to se možemouveriti analizom vertikalnog dijagrama zračenja pro-računatog na osnovu radarske jednačine gde se kaopromenlj iv i parametaruzima refleksna površinacilja.

Proračunat di jagramzračenja dat je na slici 2.Sa slike se vidi da ako ciljlet i na visini 1000 mrefleksne površine15-20m2, on će biti otkriven nadal j ini 125 km. Ako jerefleksna površina samo5 m2, onda će ci l j bit iotkriven na 65 km.

Tip antenskih sistemaradara takođe utiče nabroj radarskih položaja.Antenske sisteme koji koriste refleksnu površinuokolnog tla za formiranje dijagrama zračenja ne može-mo postaviti bilo gde, već tamo gde nam reljef dozvol-java. Stoga možemo zaključiti da je za jednostrukoprekrivanje, bez rezervne radske mreže i mreže kojane vrši manevar pokretom, potrebno odrediti relativnoveliki broj radarskih položaja u zadatoj zoni osmatranjaza relat ivno skromne taktičko-tehničke zahteve.Uključimo li strožije zahteve, posao projektovanjaradarske mreže višestruko se uvećava.

Do skoro su komandne jedinice VOJ mrežu radarskihpoložaja i radarsku mrežu projektovale i analiziraleklasičnom metodom koja zahteva dugotrajno računanjei obimno crtanje horizontalnih dijagrama otkrivanja.U toku agresije, zbog izuzetne dinamike manevrapokretom i čestog narušavanja mreže vatrenim dejstvi-ma, metoda klasičnog određivanja radarskih položajapraktično je dala vrlo slabe rezultate. Uspostavljanjenarušene radarske mreže u ratu uglavnom se baziralona iskustvima Komandi jedinica VOJ stečenim u miru.

the required zone of detection at the altitudes of 600m is,let’s say, 90,000 km2 (300 x 300 km), the square area cov-ered by one radar for that altitude is a circle of a diameter of200 km and of an area (P = r2 π) of 31,400 km2. In AS&Rtactics, π is reduced to 2.6 because of the need to coincidethe radar field and, therefore, the square area for one radar

is actually 26,000 km2. Therequired number of radars isobtained from the ratio between thesquare area of the zone and the areacovered by the radar. In this case,3 or 4 radars for reliable coverage.If the requirement for the altitudeof detection were 147 m, in such acase, we would need 13 radars forthe same zone.The terrain configuration, or therelief as the second primary para-

meter, also influences the complexity of the net of radar postsby increasing the number of radars, because of creation ofradar dead zones (Figure No. 1).

In AS&R tactics, the number of radar posts with respectto the lowland terrain, is increased by 20-25% because ofthe influence of the relief, which is now around 16 in our

case. The target radar cross-section, or the tactical and tech-nical requirement for the tar-gets of small radar cross-sec-tions to be detected and trackedat an optimal range, also has asignificant influence on thenumber of radar posts withinthe net. We can ascertain thisby the analysis of the verticalcoverage diagram calculated onthe basis of a radar equation inwhich the target radar cross-section is taken as a variableparameter.

The calculated coverage dia-gram is given in Figure 2. The Figure shows that if a targetflies at an altitude of 1,000 m, and has a radar cross-sectionof 15-20m2, it will be detected at a range of 125 km. If theradar cross-section is only 5 m2, then the target will be dis-covered at a range of 65 km.

The type of the radar antenna systems also has influenceon the number of radar posts. The antenna systems that usethe reflexive surfaces of the surrounding ground to form thecoverage diagram cannot be put anywhere, but only therewhere the relief permits us to do so. Therefore, we may con-clude that for single-layer coverage, without a standby radarnet and the net that is not maneuvering by movement, it isnecessary to determine a relatively large number of radarposts in the given surveillance zone for relatively modest tac-tical and technical requirements. If we include stricterrequirements, the job of designing a radar net is multiplyincreased.

Until recently, the command units of AS&R had designedand analyzed the net of radar posts and radar network byapplying the conventional method that requires a long-time

Slika broj 1

Slika broj 2

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IESKlasična metoda određivanja radarskog

položaja

Klasična metoda određivanja radarskog položaja zasnivase na određenim geografskimmerenjima na karti i terenu naosnovu kojih se računaju i iscr-tavaju horizontalni dijagramiotkrivanja za date visine. Samproces započinje grubom pro-cenom reljefa zone i izviđanji-ma na terenu radi određivanjapotencijalnih radarskih položa-ja. Nakon donošenja odluke olokaciji položaja, komanda pris-tupa izradi horizontalnih dija-grama mogućnosti otkrivanja zanajmanje četri do pet visina. Pritom, horizontalni dijagramiotkrivanja vrše se za dva do tritipa radara. Dijagrami se rade tako što se na svakih 2 do 4stepena u krugu od 3600 na geografskoj karti snima vertikalnipresek reljefa. Očitani podaci unose se na dijagram radarskoghorizanta na kome se iscrtavavertikalni presek reljefa. Da bise dobili podaci vertikalnog pre-seka reljefa za 3600 potrebno jegornji postupak ponoviti naj-manje 72 puta ako se snimanjevrši na svakih 50.

Na iscrtani vertikalni presekreljefa, u određenom azimutu,postavlja se vertikalni dijagramzračenja crtan na paus papiru(Slika 6) za određeni tip radarai zadatu rafleksnu površinu cil-ja. Pomoću ovih podataka crtase horizontalni dijagrammogućnosti otkrivanja radara saodređenog radarskog položaja(Slika 7).

Iz izloženog postupka možese oceniti obim posla koji komandejedinica VOJ treba da urade da bi sedošlo do dijagrama mogućnosti otkri-vanja jedne radaraske mreže koris-teći klasičnu metodu (Slika 5).

Takođe se može naslutiti obimposla kada jedinice vrše manevarpokretom, ili se isključuju iz rada izbilo kojih razloga. U tom slučaju, pos-tupci se moraju ponovljati i iscrtavatinovi dijagrami na osnovu kojihkomandant donosi odluke.

calculation and extensive drawing of horizontal coverage dia-grams. In the course of an aggression, because of the par-ticular speed of the maneuver by movement and frequentdisruption of the net by fire actions, the method of conven-

tional determination of radarposts has yielded practicallyvery poor results. Recovery of adisrupted radar net in war waspredominantly based on theexperiences of the commandsof the AS&R units acquired inpeacetime.

Conventional Methodof Determining a RadarPost

The conventional method ofdetermining a radar post isbased on certain geographic

measurements on the map and in the field on the basis ofwhich the horizontal coverage diagrams are calculated anddrawn for the given altitudes. The very process starts with

rough assessment of the reliefof the zone and reconnaissancein the field for the purpose ofdetermining the potential radarposts. After brining the deci-sion on the location of the post,the command proceeds withthe elaboration of the horizon-tal probability coverage dia-grams for minimum four tofive altitudes. Thereby, thehorizontal coverage diagramsare done for two to three typesof radars. The diagrams aremade in such a way that atevery 2 to 4 degrees within thecircle of 360o on the geograph-ic map, the vertical cross-sec-tion of the relief is recorded.The readout data are enteredin the diagram of radar hori-

zon in which the vertical cross-sectionof the relief is drawn. In order to obtainthe data of the vertical cross-sectionof the relief for 360o, it is necessary torepeat the above procedure minimum72 times if recording is done at every5o.

The vertical coverage diagram drawnon tracing paper (Figure 6) for a cer-tain type of radar and the given targetradar cross-section is superimposedon the drawn vertical cross-section ofthe relief, at a certain azimuth. Withthe help of those data, the horizontalprobability coverage diagram of radarfrom a certain radar post (Figure 7) isdrawn

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Softverski paket IORP - metoda pomoćuračunara

Razvojem računarske tehnike otvorila se mogućnostprimene računara za kreiranje radarske mreže. Paralelno sarazvojem računarske tehnike razvijali su se i geografski infor-macioni sistemi koji su omogućili pravljenje trodimenzion-alnih interaktivnih topografskih karata bez prostornih, vre-menskih ili tematskih ograničenja. Ova dva uslova bila sudovoljna da se pristupi izradi softverskog paketa za izvrša-vanje zadatka izbora i ocene radarskih položaja (IORP).Izradom softverskog paketa IORP obezbeđen je alat oficiruroda VOJ da vrlo brzo i efikasno kreira radarsku mrežu osma-tranja. Softver omogućava brzo dobijanje svih relevantnihpodataka o mogućnosti radarske mreže i podataka za upravlj-anje mrežom u realnom vremenu.

Projektovanjem softverskog paketa IORP trebalo je ost-variti sledeće: definisati koncepciju modela virtualnoggeografsko-informacionog sistema sposobnog da izvrši pre-ciznu predikciju radarske vidljivosti; ostvariti predikcijuradarske vidljivosti na osnovu modela radara, karakteristikecilja, stanja atmosfere i trodimenzionalnog modela terena;vernu 2D i 3D vizualizaciju dobijenih rezultata i interakti-van rad korisnika sistema radi optimizacije radarske mrežeu okviru postavljenih TTZ.

Softverski paket komunicira sa korisnikom kroz sledećedijaloge: modelovanje radara, modelovanje ciljeva, modelo-vanje atmosfere, izbor radarskih položaja, postavljanje radarana definisani radarski položaj, izračunavanje horizontalnogdijagrama, definisanje slojeva za otkrivanja i dvodimenzion-alni prikaz.

Modelovanje radara predstavlja definisanje tehničkih karak-teristika radara, od kojih se formira radarska mreža. Ciljevise karakterišu tipom i efektivnom refleksnom površinom. Naosnovu stanja atmosfere, program proračunava njen uticajna mogućnost otkrivanja radara (radarske mreže), u različitimatmosferskim prilikama. Radarski položaji se definišu jedin-stvenim nazivom pod kojim se čuvaju u bazi podataka.Pomoću ovih dijaloga korisnik može vrlo brzo da odgovorina to šta se dešava sa mogućnostima otkrivanja definisaneradarske mreže u slučaju njenog narušavanja. Praktično,

From the presented procedure, it is possible to assess thevolume of work that the commands of the AS&R units shoulddo in order to get to the probability coverage diagram of radarnet using the conventional method (Figure 5).

It is also possible to have a presentiment of the volume ofwork when the units do the maneuver by movement or switchoff the operation for any reason whatsoever. In such a case,the procedures must be repeated and new diagrams mustbe drawn based on which the commander brings his deci-sions.

IORP Software Package – Computer-AidedMethod

The development of computer techniques has opened upthe possibility to apply computers to create radar net. In par-allel with the development of computer techniques, the geo-graphical information systems (GIS) were also developing,which have enabled making of three-dimensional interac-tive topographic maps without spatial, time or thematic lim-itations. These two preconditions were sufficient to proceedwith the elaboration of a software package for performanceof the task of selection and assessment of radar posts (IORP).By making IORP software package, a tool has been provid-ed for an officer from AS&R arm of service to create radarsurveillance net very quickly and efficiently. The softwareenables fast obtaining of all the relevant data on the poten-tials of radar net and the data for net management in realtime.

By designing IORO software package, the following shouldhave been achieved: to define the concept of the model ofvirtual geographical and information system capable of mak-ing a precise prediction of radar visibility; to achieve a pre-diction of radar visibility on the basis of the radar model,characteristics of the target, state of the atmosphere andthe three-dimensional model of the terrain; authentic 2Dand 3D visualization of the obtained results and interactivework of the system users for the purpose of optimization ofthe radar net within the set tactical and technical require-ments.

The software package communicates with the user throughthe following dialogues: radar modeling, target modeling,atmosphere modeling, selection of radar posts, deploymentof radars on the defined radar posts, calculation of the hor-izontal coverage diagram, definition of the layers for detec-tion and the two-dimensional presentation.

Radar modeling represents the definition of technical char-acteristics of the radars, of which the radar net is formed.The targets are characterized by type and effective radarcross-section. On the basis of the state of the atmosphere,the program calculates its influence on the probability ofdetection by radars (radar net), in different atmosphericconditions. Radar posts are defined by a unique name underwhich they are stored in the database. With the help of thesedialogues, the user can very quickly give an answer as to whathappens with the probabilities of detection by defined radarnet in case of its disruption. Practically, this means that thecommanding of AS&R units has an efficient tool, whichenables management of the radar net in real time.

The graphical presentation of the horizontal coverage dia-gram on a geographic map is determined by layers.

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to znači da komandovanje jedinicama VOJ raspolaže efikas-nim alatom koji mu omogućava upravljanje radarskommrežom u realnom vremenu.

Grafiči prikaz horizontalnog dijagrama otkrivanja radarana geografskoj karti određen je slojevima. Slojevi mogusadržati jedan ili više radara, odnosno, kompletnu radarskumrežu. Parametri sloja su visine za koje se proračunava hor-izontalni dijagram, atmosfera i cilj, kao i stil iscrtavanja (boja,tip šrafure, debljina linije).

Proces izračunavanja započinje selekcijom željenog brojapostavljenih radara u mreži i selekcijom opcije izračunavanja.Opcija izračunavanja podrzumeva definisanje rezulucionećelije po daljini i azimutu. Za grube procene mogućnostizadaju se šire rezolucijone ćelije i program se izvršava veo-ma brzo (za par sekundi). Za proračunavanje velike tačnos-ti zadaju se uske rezolucione ćelije po azimutu i daljini i pro-račun traje duže (oko minut). Izračunata zona otkrivanjamože biti prikazana u dve i tri dimenzije. Izgled horizon-talnog dijagrama otkrivanja jednog radara za više visina datje na slici 6, a radarske mreže za jednu visinu na slici 7.

Sve dobijene rezultate moguće je štampati na papiru, štoje obično i krajnji rezultat projektovanja radarskih mreža.Naravno, standardnim postupcima korisnika računara dobi-jeni rezultati mogu se poslati nekom drugom korisniku elek-tronskim putem, ako su računari umreženi.

Nakon izračunavanja horizontalnog dijagrama otkrivanja,program omogućava trodimenzionalnu analizu dobijenihrezultata. Ova analiza omogućava dobijanje horizontalnih ivertikalnih preseka mogućnosti otkrivanja pojedinačnihradara i uzroka nastalih radskih maski.

Pažljivim čitanjem i upoređivanjem klasične metode pro-jektovanja radarske mreže i metode pomoću računara, možese zaključiti da je realizovan jedan moćan računarski alat zaprojektovanje radarskih mreža. Ovaj računarski programomogućava upravljanje radarskim mrežama u najsloženimoperativno-taktičkim situacijama, u realnom vremenu. Poredtoga, ovaj program može se koristiti za određivanje zonaradarske vidljivosti «plavog» pod uslovom da se iz obavešta-jnih izvora dobiju tačne lokacije radarskih položaja i tipoviradara plavog.

Realizovani program predstavlja dobru osnovu za real-izaciju ekspertskih programa višestruke namene koji mogubiti sastavni delovi programa sistema C4I. Ovakvi programipostoje u svetu i upoređenjem njihovih mogućnosti imogućnosti ovog programa vidi se da je program IORP usamom vrhu.

The layers may contain one or more radars or the com-plete radar net. The parameters of a layer are the altitudesfor which the horizontal diagram is calculated, the atmos-phere, and the target, as well as the style of drawing (color,type of hatching, line thickness).

The process of calculation starts with the selection of thedesired number of the deployed radars within the net andselection of the option of calculation. The option of calcu-lation implies the definition of the resolution cell by rangeand azimuth. For rough assessment of probability, widerresolution cells are set and the program operates very quick-ly (for a few seconds). For a calculation of great accuracy,narrow resolution cells are set by range and azimuth and thecalculation lasts longer (around one minute). The calculat-ed zone of detection can be presented in two or three dimen-sions. The view of the horizontal coverage diagram of a radarfor a number of altitudes is given in Figure 6, and of a radarnet for one altitude in Figure 7.

It is possible to print all the obtained results on paper,which is usually the actual ultimate result of designing radarnets. Naturally, the results obtained through the standardprocedures of the user of a computer can be sent to anoth-er user electronically if the computers are networked.

After the calculation of the horizontal coverage diagram,the program enables three-dimensional analysis of theobtained results. This analysis enables obtaining of the hor-izontal and vertical cross-section of the probability of detec-tion of individual radars and causes for occurrence of radardead zones.

By careful reading and comparison of the conventionalmethod of radar net designing and the computer-aidedmethod, it can be concluded that a powerful computer toolhas been created for radar net designing. This computerprogram enables management of radar nets in the most com-plex operational and tactical situations, in real time.Additionally, this program can be used for determination ofthe zones of radar visibility of “blue” under the conditionthat the exact locations of radar posts and type of radar blueare obtained from the intelligence sources.

The produced program represents a good basis for cre-ation of multi-purpose expert programs that can be integralparts of the program of C4I system. Such programs exist inthe world and by comparing their capabilities and the capa-bilities of this program, it can be seen that IORP programis among the very top ones.

Izradi programa prethodio je doktorski rad docentaElektronskog fakulteta mr. dipl. ing. Rančić Dejana. Programje realizovala ekipa programera sa Elektronskog fakulteta izNiša.U izradi zahteva i definisanju matematičkih modelaučestvovao je docent elektrotehničkog fakulteta u Beogradupukovnik dr. Aleksandar Kostić puk.Lipovac Lazar dip. ing.spec.i puk. Jolkić Slobodan dipl. ing.

Making of the program was preceded by the doctoral the-sis of the Assistant Professor of the Faculty of Electronics,Dejan Rancic, M,Sc. The program was made by a team ofprogrammers from the Faculty of Electronics in Nis. TheAssistant Professor of the Faculty of Electrical Engineering,Colonel Dr Aleksandar Kostic, Colonel Lazar Lipovac, B.Sc.spec., and Colonel Slobodan Jolkic, B.Sc., participated in theelaboration of the requirements and definition of the math-ematical models.

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Osnovu svakog sistema za kontrolu vazdušnog prostora uratu i miru čini osmatračka mreža radarsko-računarskihsredstva velikog dometa. U miru radarska sredstva radeneprekidno obezbeđujući dežurni sistem PVO i sistem obuke.Angažovani broj radara zavisi od niza faktora, pre svega odstrategijskog opredeljenja zemlje u organizaciji protivvaz-dušne odbrane u ratu i dežurnog sistema PVO u miru. Usvakom slučaju, ovaj broj nije mali i u srednje razvijenimzemljama kreće se od 20-40 radara instaliranih na radarskimpoložajima i jednog do tri sistema za automatsku obradupodataka u operativnim centrima. Ovom broju radara trebadodati i broj akvijziciskih radara iz sastava artiljerijsko-raket-nih jedinica koji se koriste kao dopuna sistema kontrole vaz-dušnog prostora.

Radarsko-računarska sredstvaproizvedena u periodu 1960 -1980 realizovana su u skladu satehnološkim dostignućima togvremena. Sredstva su uglavnomrealizovana na bazi snažnihpredajnih elektronskih cevi izve-denih u specijalnoj tehnologiji.Tom tehnologijom raspolagali susamo vodeći svetski proizvođačiove opreme. Vek trajanja ovihpredajnih cevi maksimalnodostiže 10.000 radnih časova.Naša iskustva su pokazala da jeovaj broj radnih časova nerealanjer je životni vek ovih cevi unašim eksploatacionim uslovimajedva dostizao do 5.000 radnih časova.

Pored skupih predajnih cevi (10.000,00 - 20.000,00 USDmagnetroni, 60.000,00 - 120.000,00 USD, CFA,TWISTRON), u radaskim predajnicima za modulatorskisklop i antensku skretnicu takođe su se koristile elektronskecevi određenog veka trajanja čija cena nije zanemarljiva, aproizvodi ih samo određeni broj proizvođača u svetu. U pri-jemnom delu radarskih uređaja upotrebljavani su specijal-ni elektronski sklopovi bazirani na cevnoj tehnologiji složene

The basis of every air space control system, both in war andpeace, represents the surveillance network of long-rangecomputerized radar systems. In peacetime, radars are oper-ated around the clock, feeding the information for the airdefense system on alert, and for providing of training. Thenumber of radars deployed depends on many factors, aboveall on the strategic concept of a country regarding the orga-nization of its air-defense system in wartime and the peace-time air-defense system on alert. In any case, this numberis not small, and in a middle-income country, this numberranges from 20 to 40 radars, installed at radar sites, and oneto three automatic data-processing systems in command andcontrol centers. A number of target-acquisition radars should

be added to the above number,deployed in artillery rocketunits, which are used to sup-plement the air space controlsystem.Radar and automatic data-pro-cessing units, produced in theperiod from 1960 to 1980, weredeveloped in line with techno-logical achievements of thatperiod. The units were basedmostly on the powerful elec-tronic transmitting tubes, madeusing a special technology. Thistechnology was available only tothe leading producers of thisequipment. The life of thosetransmitting tubes could be

maximum 10,000 operating hours. However, our experienceshave shown that this life estimate is unrealistic, since thelife of such tubes in our conditions of exploitation couldbarely reach 5,000 operating hours.

Besides the expensive transmitting tubes (USD 10,000 –20,000 magnetrons, 60,000 – USD 120,000, CFA,TWISTRON), in radar transmitters, the modulator assem-bly and antenna switch also employed electronic tubes of acertain life, the price of which was not insignificant either,

STANJE ITENDENCIJE

MODERNIZACIJERADARSKO-

RAČUNARSKIHSREDSTAVA

SISTEMA PVO

THE CURRENTSTATUS ANDTRENDS INMODERNIZATIONOF AIR-DEFENSERADAR SYSTEMS

Pišepuk. Jolkić Slobodan, dipl. ing.

ByCol. Slobodan Jolkić, BSc.Eng.

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tehnološke izvedbe. Ove elektronske komponente takođepripadaju klasi komponenata koje su mogli proizvesti ili jošuvek proizvode samo specijalizovani proizvođači. Stoga semože zaključiti da su održavanje i opravkaradarskih uređaja proizvedenih u periodu1960 - 1980 bili, a i danas su visoko zav-isni od izvornih proizvođača.

Proizvođači radaskih uređajasavremene tehnologije napustili suproizvodnju rezervnih delova za radarestare tehnologije, što dodatno optereću-je sistem održavanja ovih radara. Iz ovihrazloga skoro sve armije koje su bileopremljene radarima stare tehnologije,opredelile su se za sukcesivnu nabavkunovih ili modernizaciju starih radara. Međutim, nabavkanovih radara ograničena je cenom i određenim vrstamazabrane koje diktiraju politički faktori. Obzirom da je pro-ces zanavljanja radarskih sredstava dugotrajan (od pet dodeset godina), ove zemlje imaju stalnu potrebu za mo-dern-izacijom radara u okviru redovnog remonta, pogotovo ako natržištu ne mogu da nabave rezervne delove.

Opredeljenju za modernizaciju radarskih sistema dopri-neo je nagli razvoj računarske tehnologije dostupne na svet-skom tržištu, a naročito upotreba i dostupnost digitalnih sig-nal procesora. Pored toga, razvojem poluprovodničkih preda-jnika modularnog tipa sa kompresijom impulsa, održavanjeradarskih sistema postalo je višestruko jeftinije jer nemapotrošnje katode i nužne zamene predajnih cevi posleodređenog broja radnih časova. Ova činjenica predstavljadodatni razlog za modernizaciju postojećih radarskih si-stema.

Naša zemlja se opredelila za modernizaciju radarskih sred-stava zbog cene novih radara i mogućnosti da sopstvenimsnagama modernzuje postojeće radare. Da bi neko mogaoda konstruiše ili modernizuje ovako složene elektronske ure-đaje dovoljno je da raspolaže odgovarajućim softverskimkapacitetima te da, nabavkom hardvera i izradom sopstvenogsoftvera, uspešno reši ove zadatke i ravnopravno konkurišeostalim proizvođačima na svetskom tržištu. Upravo u ovojčinjenici leži naša šansa jer raspolažemo respektivnimkapacitetima za realizaciju vrlo složenih softverskih prozvo-da.

U periodu 1990 - 2004 Vojska je razvila elektronske ure-đaje (prikazane na slikama) na bazi digitalnih signal proce-sora koji u potpunosti mogu da zamene sledeće tehnološkizastarele radarske uređaje:

- radarske prijemnike cevne tehologije i neke prijemnikeizvedene u diskretnoj poluprovodničkoj tehnologiji,

- radarske pokazivače na bazi katodnih cevi visoke perzis-tencije,

- radarske ekstraktore primarnih i sekundarnih eho sig-nala izvedenih u diskretnoj poluprovodničkoj tehnologiji,

- kompletne procesore za obradu radarskih signala i zašti-tu radara od elektronskog ometanja,

- konzolne pokazivače u operativnim centrima na bazikatodnih cevi,

- uređaje za automatsko slanje i prikazivanje radarskihpodataka korisnicima,

- softverske pakete centralnih računara za automatskuobradu radarskih podataka u operativnim centrima,

and which were produced by a limited number of produc-ers in the world. Radar receivers employed special electronicassemblies, which were based on tube technology of com-

plex workmanship. Those electronic components alsobelong to the class of components, which

could be produced, or which are stillproduced only by specialized manu-facturers. Therefore, it can be con-cluded that the maintenance and repairof radars, manufactured in periodbetween 1960 and 1980, were, and stillare, heavily dependent on their originalproducers.The producers of modern technologyradars have ceased to produce spare

parts for the radars of old technology, which puts an addi-tional strain on the system of maintenance of those radars.For this reason, almost all the armed forces, which wereequipped with the radars of old technology, have decidedeither to successively acquire new radars, or to modernizethe old ones. However, the acquisition of new radars is ham-pered by their price and by certain sorts of a ban, which isimposed by political factors. Taking into account that theprocess of replenishment of radar assets is a long one (fromfive to ten years), these countries have a permanent need forradar modernization, within the framework of regular over-hauls, especially if they cannot obtain spare parts in the mar-ket.

Determination to modernize radar systems was given aboost by an unprecedented development of computer tech-nologies available in the international market, and especial-ly the usage and the availability of digital signal processors.Additionally, by development of modular semi-conductortransmitters, featuring pulse compression, the maintenanceof radar systems has become much cheaper, since there isconsumption of cathode-ray tubes, and no need for replace-ment of transmitting tubes after a certain number of oper-ating hours. This fact represents another reason in favor ofmodernization of the existing radar systems.

Our country has opted for the modernization of radars dueto the price of the new radars and because of its ability tomodernize the existing radars by its own means. In order tobe able to design or modernize such complex electronicdevices, it is sufficient to have adequate software capacitiesand, after procuring the necessary hardware and developingof indigenous software, to successfully complete these tasks,and to compete in the world market with other manufac-turers on equal footing. Exactly here lies our chance, sincewe have respectable capacities for development of very com-plex software packages.

In the period from 1990 to 2004, the Armed Forces devel-oped the electronic systems (shown on the pictures) basedon digital signal processors, which can completely replacethe following, technologically obsolete, radar equipment:

- Radar receivers, based on tube technology, and certainreceivers, made using the discrete semi-conductor tech-nology,

- Radar indicators based on high-persistence cathode-raytubes,

- Radar extractors of primary and secondary echo signals,made using the discrete semi-conductor technology,

- Complete processors for analysis of radar signals and

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- softverske pakete za komandovanje i upravljanje siste-mom PVO iz operativnih centara,

- elektromehaničke doboš memorije centralnih računaraza automatsku obradu radarskih podataka u operativnimcentrima,

- test opremu i opremu za simulaciju,- elektroagregate različite snage, rotacione pretvarače-

frekvencije i- zastarelu modemsku opremu.

Trenutno je u razvoju poluprovodnički predajnik koji ćezameniti magnetronske predajnike i omogućiti potpununezavisnost radarske tehnike cevne tehnologije od izvornogproizvođača. Dobijanjem poluprovodničkog predajnika izsopstvenog razvoja u kombinaciji sa već razvijenim sre-dstvima, realno je očekivati da se u vrlo kratkom roku (nared-nih 5 godina ako se obezbede materijalna sredstva) tehnološ-ki nivo postojećih radarsko-računarskih sistema podigne nanajviši nivo. To je istovremeno i šansa našim proizvodnimkapacitetima elektronskih uređaja da se ravnopravno pojavena svetskom tržištu sa proizvodima koji su uveliko traženi ičija će tražnja imati uzlazni trend u narednih deset do pet-naest godina.

Glavna pitanja koja se ovde mogu postaviti su sledeća:- da li smo konkurentni sa cenom koju dajemo potenci-

jalnim kupcima;- koji politički faktori mogu uticati na realizaciju opre-

manja naše vojske i prodaju proizvoda stranom kupcu;- raspolažemo li finansijskim sredstvima za finalizaciju,

integraciju i robusiranje već razvijenih radarskih uređaja;- da li smo u stanju da objedinimo postojeće kapacitete

proizvođača ovih elektronskih uređaja u jedinstvenu celinu;- da li smo u stanju da organizujemo da ova celina izvrša-

va pojedinačne zadatke samostalno kao zasebna jedinica ada u integraciji kompletnog sistema modernizacije radskihsredstava deluje kao jedinstveni tim;

- možemo li realno da procenimo pojedinačan doprinossvakog učesnika u realizaciji projekta.

Ako smo u stanju da damo realne odgovore na ova pitanjai da na taj način procenimo i smanjimo rizik koji svaki pro-jekat nosi u sebi, možemo se nadati da ćemo ubrzo produžitivek upotrebe naše radarske tehnike za narednih 15 godina,kao i da ćemo sigurno biti konkurentni na stranom tržištu.

radar protection against electronic jamming,- Console indicators in the command and control centers,

based on cathode-ray tubes,- Units for automatic transmission and presentation of

data to the users,- Software packages for central computers for automatic

processing of radar data in the command and control cen-ters,

- Software packages for command and control of airdefense assets from the command and control centers,

- Electromechanical drum memories of central comput-ers for automatic processing of radar data in the commandand control centers,

- Testing and simulation equipment,- Electric power generators of various output, rotational

frequency converters, and- Obsolete modem equipment

At the moment, the semiconductor transmitter is underdevelopment, which will replace the magnetron transmit-ters, which will, in turn, enable the radar systems to becomeindependent from the tube technology previously suppliedby the original manufacturer. By obtaining the indigenous-ly developed semiconductor transmitter, in combination withalready developed systems, it is realistic to expect that, in avery short time period (5 years, if adequate funding is pro-vided), the technological level of the existing radar and com-puter systems will be elevated to the highest level. At thesame time, this is an opportunity for our producers of elec-tronic devices to appear in the world market on equal foot-ing with the products for which there is a huge demand,which will have an upward trend of in the next 10 to 15 years,.

The main issues that could be raised here are the follow-ing ones:

- Are we competitive with the price we offer to the poten-tial buyers;

- What are the political factors, which might influence theprocess of equipping of our Armed Forces and sales of ourequipment to foreign buyers;

- Do we have the financial resources to finalize, integrate,and ruggedize the already developed radar systems;

- Are we capable to pool the existing production capaci-ties of electronics manufacturers;

- Are we capable to organize this pool of manufacturers tocarry out individual tasks independently as separate units,and to operate as a pool during the integration of the com-plete system of modernization of radar systems;

- Can we make a realistic estimate of the contribution ofevery participant in the implementation of this project.

If we are capable of answering these questions realistical-ly, and thus assess and lower the risk, which is incorporat-ed in every project, we can hope that soon we will extend theuseful life of our radar systems for the following 15 years, aswell as that we will certainly be competitive in the world mar-ket.

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Analizirajući savremene trendove borbenih operacija namoru, analitičari ističu narastajuću pretnju asimetričnogratovanja, pod kojim se podrazumeva korišćenje nekonve-ncionalne taktike i sredstava za napad na ratne brodoverazličitog deplasmana i namene. Savremena praksa prepo-znaje asimetrično ratovanje na moru kao jednu od najvećihpretnji modernim mornari-cama, opremljenim sre-dstvima projektovanim zauslove rata naotvorenom moru protivjednako dobro opreml-jenog neprijatelja. Opštiutisak je da je većina veli-kih pomorskih siladanašnjice svesna novepretnje koja može da imnaruši dominaciju, o čemu go-vori i izjava odlazećeg glavnokomanujućegameričke mornarice admirala Vernona Klarkada najveću pretnju američkoj mornarici pre-dstavlja asimetrično ratovanje.

Novu dimenziju oblikovanju modernihmornarica daje i narastuća pretnja pirata(«gusara») i krijumčara, koji u drskimprepadima ne prezaju od napada na mno-go veće trgovačke brodove, služeći seprvenstveno streljačkim naoružanjem. Upojedinim regijama svetskog okeana, problempomorskog piratstva je poprimio alarmantnerazmere tako da je inicirana međudržavnasaradnja s ciljem smanjenja ovog vida kriminala.Upravo u cilju sprovođenja ovakvih mera u Jugoistočnoj Azijiu blizini prolaza Malaka, inače poznatog po čestim napadi-ma na trgovačke brodove, realizovane su zajedničke patroleindijske i singapurske mornarice.

Među osnovna srestva kojima pribegavaju razne terori-stičke organizacije i pirati, u operacijama protiv ratnih i velik-ih trgovačkih brodova ističu se mali, brzi čamci naoružanistreljačkim naoružanjem sposobni da se približe potenci-jalnoj meti neopaženo, koristeći ograničenja osmatračkihsredstava na brodu i da otvore vatru po ranjivim mestima,kao što su komandno mesto, skupa oprema ili posada, u cilju

Analysis of current trends in combat operations at sea,shows emerging threat of asymmetric warfare, which co-mprises use of non-conventional tactics and means to attackwarships of different displacement and purpose. Modern

warfighting theory recognizes asymmetricwarfare at sea as one of the most

dangerous threats to modernnavies, which are equippedprimarily to conduct combatoperations at open sea againstconventionally equippedadversary. General impressionis that vast majority of today’snaval powers is well aware of

threat which mighthamper their domi-nation, which is co-

rroborated by state-ment of former Chief of Naval Operationsof US Navy Adm. Vernon Clark who saidthat the biggest threat to the US Navy wasrepresented by asymmetric warfare.A new dimension has been added to mo-dern navies forming due to emerging pira-cy and smuggling threat, which are capa-ble of intercepting large commercial li-ners, using primarily small arms. In some

regions of World Sea, piracy problem hasalarmed countries, which have initiated coo-peration in order to reduce presence of thistype of criminal activity. One such example is

Southeast Asia, where in the area of Malacca Straitwhich is known for frequent piracy attacks, Indian andSingaporean navies have launched joint patrols.

Among main assets used by terrorist organizations andpirates, in their attacks on warships and merchant ships, arefast, maneuverable boats armed with small arms which arecapable of un-noticeable approach to potential target, usingcertain limitations in shipborne surveillance system, andopen fire aiming for most vulnerable spots such as commandpost, compex-expensive equipment and crew, with basic aimof temporary or permanent incapacitation of ship to performits combat mission. This type of boats are equally dange-rous in “suicide” missions, when filled with explosive they

BRODSKI SISTEMII NAORUŽANJE U

USLOVIMAASIMETRIČNOG

RATOVANJA

SHIPBORNEEQUIPMENT ANDCOMBAT SYSTEMSIN ASYMMETRICTHREATENVIRONMENT

PišePredrag Milićević

ByPredrag Milićević

privremenog ili trajnog onesposobljavanja broda da vrši svo-ju funkciju. Ovi čamci su opasna pretnja brodovima i usamoubilačkim misijama, kada se «filovani» eksplozivom pri-bližavaju meti velikom brzinom, i u stanju su da nanesuozbiljne štete i brodovima velikog deplasmana. Tipičanprimer ovakve pretnje je napad na američki razarač Cole,klase Arleigh Burke, deplasmana preko 9000 tona usidren uadenskoj luci, nesumnjivo jedan od najozbiljnijih napada naameričku mornaricu u post hladnoratovskom periodu. Pretnjuu uslovima asimetričnog ratovanja predstavljaju i letelice,koje mogu biti laki putnički/poljoprivredni avioni ili bespi-lotne letelice koje su u stanju da se karakterističnim pro-filom leta «provuku» ispod brodskih osmatračkih sredstavai nanesu udar po najvažnijim mestima na brodu. Iako mod-erna istorija ne beleži pokušaje ovakvog tipa u cilju uništen-ja brodova velikog deplasmana, iskustvo 11. septe-mbra činida se i ovakvom tipu pretnji posveti dužna pažnja.

Imajući u vidu da je većina mornarica svoja sredstva ioružne sisteme razvijala prema uslovima ratovanja naotvorenom moru, suprotstavljajući se konvencionalnoj pret-nji, da bi se na efikasan način pariralo novoj pretnji razvijenisu sistemi koji pretenduju da postanu pouzdana poslednjalinija odbrane broda kako od konvencionalnih tako i od neko-nvencionalnih sredstava.

Analizirajući sisteme za blisku zaštitu brodova u novimuslovima, uočavaju se sledeći trendovi razvoja:

- odbrana od brzih i manevrišućih ciljeva, kako vazdušnihtako i površinskih, prvenstveno se oslanja na automatsketopove srednjih kalibara sa velikom brzinom gađanja, pričemu se većina proizvođača oslanja na modularan koncept,koji korisnika ne ograničava u izboru kalibra oruđa;

- u cilju povećanja preciznosti topovi se sprežu sa sofisti-ciranim optoelektronskim senzorskim sistemima kojiobezbeđuju pouzdanu detekciju, identifikaciju i praćenjekako vazdušnih tako i površinskih ciljeva danju, noću i uuslovima smanjene vidljivosti. Rad noću i u uslovima sma-njene vidljivosti realizuje se korišćenjem termkovizijskekamere, koje uglavnom funkcionišu na talsnim dužinama od8 do 14 mikrona;

- uočljivo je da se radarine koriste tako često kaodeo osmatračkog sistemaza odbranu on nekonve-ncionalnih pretnji, što semože objasniti izvesnimtehničkim nedostacimaradara pri osmatranjuakvatorije pri malim ele-vacijama, što odgovarataktičkim uslovimaasimetričnog ratovanja,ali i potrebom za kompa-ktnošću sistema zaupravljanje vatrom s ci-ljem što manje potrošnjeenergije i smeštaja naograničenu zapreminu,što predstavlja jedan odimperativa kada serazmatra ugradnja brod-skih sistema;

approach potential target at high speed, and are capable ofinflicting significant damage even to major surface comba-tants. This tactic is exemplified by the attack on USNdestroyer Cole, of Arleigh Burke class, with full displace-ment of over 9000 tons which was anchored in the port ofAden. That was undoubtedly one of the most effective attackson US Navy in post Cold War global environment.

Threat in asymmetric warfare is posed also by aircraft,either light commercial or agricultural airplanes, or evenunmanned aerial vehicles which are capable of flying belowshipborne surveillance system field of view, by using opti-mized flight profile, and attack the most vulnerable areas ofthe ship. Although modern history doesn’t report such highprofile attacks, the events of 9-11 deserve due attention tothis type of threat.

Bearing in mind that most of the navies have developedtheir shipborne equipment and combat systems in accor-dance with the requirements of combat at open sea, in co-nventional type armed conflict, new systems had to be deve-loped which would assume the role of ship’s last line ofdefence against both conventional and non-conventional i.e.asymmetric threat.

Analysis of systems for ship close protection in modernthreat environment, following trends in development areeasily recognizable:

- defence from fast, maneuverable targets, both surfaceand airborne, is based on medium caliber automatic guns,with rapid firing capability, where many designers have ado-pted modular approach which will enable free choice ofweapon caliber;

- in order to increase system’s overall efficiency, guns areconnected with sophisticated optoelectronic sensor systems,which will provide reliable detection, identification and tra-cking of both airborne and surface based targets, day, nightand under adverse weather conditions. Operation at night,and in adverse weather conditions is performed by use ofthermal imaging camera, operating in 8-14 microns band;

- radars are rarely use as the ship’s surveillance system

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- da bi se obezbedila visoka verovatnoća pogađanja cilja, uuslovima pokretne platforme kakav je brod koji beleži va-ljanje, propinjanje i skretanje, zahtev za stabilizacijom inišanske i linije gađanja predstavlja neminovnost;

- operator sistema za blisku zaštitu broda uglavnom jesmešten u unutrašnjosti broda, čime ne samo da jeobezbeđeno daljinsko upravljanje, već je i smanjen brojposlužilaca uz redukovane logističke troškove i značajnounapređenje nivoa ukupne zaštite;

- realizacija samog gađanja može biti ili centralizovanakada sistem bliske zaštite broda automatsku komandu gađa-nja dobija od brodskog sistema za komandovanje i kontroluili individualna kada se gađanje vrši oslanjajući se na lokalnimultisenzorski sistem za upravljanje vatrom, koji je povezansa sistemom bliske zaštite broda;

- na osnovu operativnih iskustava, većina korisnika zadrža-va mogućnost lokalne «manuelne» kontrole topa kao re-zervnog radnog režima. Takođe, na zahtev korisnika, ovimsistemima se mogu dodati vođene rakete kratkog dometabilo protivoklopne bilo protvvazdušne rakete kratkog dometasa pasivnim samonavođenjem, u cilju povećanja efikasnostisistema i proširenja zone dejstva.

U nastavku je dat pregled nekih realizovanih rešenja, kaoi nekih projekata koji se nalaze u fazi razvoja a pripadajusredstvima za blisku zaštitu brodova od konvencionalnih iasimetričnih napada.

Nemačka industrijska grupacija Rheinmetall-DeTec pote-ncijalnim korisnicima nudi tri različita koncepta kao uni-verzalni odgovor na konvencionalne i nekonvencionalne pre-tnje.

Švajcarska filijala, Oerlikon Contraves (Contraves ili co-ntra aves, što u prevodu sa latinskog znači protiv ptica) nudibrodski top Milenijum, poznat i pod oznakom GDM-008.Radi se o topu kalibra 35 mm, optimizovanog sa municijomnove generacije tipa AHEAD, jednim od najjačih komerci-jalnih aduta ove komapnije. Koncept AHEAD podrazumevaprojektil opremljenim vremenskim upaljačem koji se pro-gramira na ustima cevi, putem trostepenog induktivnog navo-ja, pri čemu je vreme aktiviranja upaljača određeno u okvirusistema za upravljanje vatrom na osnovu parametara kre-tanja cilja i balistike topa. Košuljica projektila je prefragme-ntisanog tipa, sa 152 volframska cilindra mase 3.3 gramaoštrih ivica, čime je postignut maksimalan efekat pri dejstvuna vazdušne ciljeve. U brodskoj varijanti, Oerlikon Contravespredlaže integraciju topa Milenijum sa optoelektronskim

against non-conventional threats, which can be explainednot only by certain drawbacks while scanning aquatory at lowelevation angles, which corresponds to tactical characteris-tics of asymmetric warfare, but the need for compact struc-ture with low energy consumption also;

- in order to attain high kill probability, from the platformat motion which moves in pitch, roll and yaw, stabilizationof line of sight and line of fire are mandatory;

- system operator is placed within the hull, thus enablingnot only remote control, but reduced manning requirement,lower logistic support costs and significant improvement ofoverall protection level;

- firing sequence can be centralized, when close-in pro-tection system relies on automatic firing command issuedby combat management system or individual when firing isperformed solely relying on local multisensor surveillancesystem, which is tied to close-in protection system;

- based on operational experience, most users are unwill-ing to relinquish local or manual mode of operation, resort-ing to it in case that primary operating mode fails to oper-ate correctly. Also, there is option of enhancement of close-in protection systems by integration of medium range mis-siles (up to 10 km) either anti-tank or air defence which willresult in increase of system’s efficiency and kill envelopeenlargement.

Overview of several solutions available on the market willfollow, as well as projects which are in development phaseand belong to close-in protection system.

German industrial group Rheinmetall-DeTec offers poten-tial customers three different concepts of close protectionas universal answer to both conventional and asymmetricthreats.

Its Swiss subsidiary, Oerlikon Contraves company(Contraves, derived from contra aves which in latin standsfor against birds) offers Millennium naval gun, also knownunder designation GDM-008. It is a 35 mm naval gun, opti-mized with new generation ammunition of AHEAD concept,one of the most commercially viable products of this com-pany. AHEAD concept entails projectile fitted with time fuze,programmed at the muzzle, by use of three stage inductivecoil where time of activation is calculated within fire controlsystem based on target motion features and gun ballistics.Shell is of pre-fragmented type, with 152 tungsten pelletsweighting 3.3 grams each, with maximum effect against aer-ial targets. In shipborne version, Oerlikon Contraves pro-poses integration of Millennium naval gun with optoelec-tronic system MSP500, which has proved itself in severaltests which simulated real operational environment, to becapable of detecting and tracking targets such as fast, maneu-verable boats used in asymmetric warfare. Company citesthat in tests performed in 2002. on experimental vessel SeaSlice, just off Pacific coast, MSP500 system was capable ofdetecting and tracking targets such as submarine periscope,which speaks favorably of system’s characteristics i.e. itscapability that in conjunction with 35 mm naval gun createsefficient close-in protection system. First buyer ofMillennium naval gun was Danish Naval Material Command,which acquired four guns for integration with new Absalonclass vessels two each, one on the bow and other above heli-copter hangar, which will function in conjunction withCEROS200 electro-optic system developed by Swedish com-pany Saab.

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sistemom MSP500, koji je u višetestiranja koji su simulirali realneuslove pokazao sposobnost da otkri-va i pouzdano prati ciljeve kao što sumali, brzi čamci kakvi se koriste uuslovima asimetričnog ratovanja.Proizvođač, čak navodi, da je u okvirutestiranja 2002. godine u pacifičkompriobalju na eksperimentalnomplovilu Sea Slice, elektrooptički si-stem MSP500 bio u stanju da otkri-va i prati cilj kakav je podmorničkiperiskop, što govori o respektivnimkarakteristikama ovog sistema koji usprezi sa topom 35 mm predstavljaefikasan sistem za blisku odbranubroda. Prvi kupac topa Milenijum jedanska mornarica, koja planira da na oba nova broda klaseAbsalon ugradi po dva topa, i to jedan na pramcu a drugi ukrmenom delu na helikopterskom hangaru, koji ćefunkcionisati u sprezi sa elektrooptičkim sistemom CEROS200 koji je razvila švedska kompanija Saab.

Nemačka kompanija Mauser je sredinom 90-tih godina,na osnovu analiza nemačke mornarice o budućim potreba-ma, započela razvoj sistema MLG27 (Mauser Light Gun)koja kao osnovu koristi automatski top 27 mm, revolverskogtipa, kakav se ugrađuje u avione Tornado i Tajfun(Eurofajter).

U okviru kupole relativno male mase, oko 850 kg, ugrađenje top i optoelektronski sistem, nemačke kompanije AtlasElektronik, sa dnevnim i noćnim kanalom, laserskim dalji-nomerom i uređajem za praćenje ciljeva.

Topom se daljinski upravlja, iz unutrašnjosti kabine, samogućnošću ručnog ili automatskog praćenja. Obezbeđenoje dejstvo po azimutu od 340 stepeni, dok je polje dejstva poelevaciji ograničeno između -15 i +60 stepeni, čime je osi-gurano respektivno polje dejstva po ciljevima u vazdušnomprostoru. Efikasno dejstvo protiv lakih brodova i vazdušnihciljeva je 2500 m, dok je dejstvo protiv obalskih ciljeva efika-sno na dometima do 4000 m. Municijski komplet od 90 meta-ka omogućava osam zahvata ciljeva sa rafalima od jedanaestmetaka. Kompanija Mauser rešenje MLG27 reklamira kaoosnovno naoružanje na brodovima manjeg deplasmana kaošto su patrolni brodovi, dok je na većem brodovima kao štosu korvete i fregate služi kao pomoćno naoružanje, prve-nstveno namenjeno za samoodbranu. Jedini kupac za sadaje nemačka mornarica, koja je naručila 83 komada za ugra-dnju na brodove različitog tipa, između ostalog fregate F123i F124 kao i na novu korvetu K130. Sledeći korak u razvoju,koji kompanija Mauser nudi potencijalnim korisnicima jetop MLG25 predstavljen početkom 2005. godine, sa topom25 mm Bushmaster I sa dvostrukim hranjenjem i munici-jskim kompletom od 220 metaka, spregnut sa optoelektron-skim senzorskim sistemom koji je postavljen iznad oruđa.

Treće rešenje, koje nudi grupacija Rheinmetall-DeTecpredstavlja koncept Astrapi, u okviru koga se predlaže inte-gracija širokog spektra senzora i «efektora» pod kojima sepodrazumeva artiljerijsko i raketno naoružanje, koje je pre-ma navodima proizvođača sposobno da odgovori strogimzahtevima korisnika u pogledu efikasne borbe protiv nekon-vencionalnih-«terorističkih» ciljeva.

German company Mauser has ini-tiated in mid-90s development ofMLG27 (Mauser Light Gun) sys-tem, based on analysis of GermanNavy, which is built around four-chamber revolver type automaticgun identical to those built intocombat aircraft Typhoon andTornado.Within relatively lightweight turret,of around 850 kg mass, gun andoptoelectronic system, supplied bygerman company Atlas Elektronik,are installed. Optoelectronic systemhas day channel, night channel, laserrangefinder and target tracking sys-tem.

Gun is remotely operated, from within the cabin, withoptional automatic or manual target tracking. Field of actioncovers 340 degrees in azimuth, and from -15 to +60 degreesin elevation, ensuring respective kill envelope. Maximumeffective range against light surface targets and aerial ta-rgets is 2500 m, while coastal targets can be engaged at rangesup to 4000 m. Combat load of 90 rounds enables eightengagements with ripples of 8 rounds. Mauser company pre-sents MLG27 as main armament on smaller displacementboats such as patrol boats, while on vessels such as corvettesand frigates it serves as auxiliary armament with self-defenceas main function. The only buyer, so far, is German Navywhich has ordered 83 systems for installation on boats of di-fferent types, such as frigates F123 and F124 as well as newcorvette K130.

Next step in development, presented to potential cu-stomers at the beginning of 2005, is MLG25 system, withdouble-feed 25 mm Bushmaster I automatic gun and co-mbat load of 220 rounds, coupled with optoelectronic sys-tem mounted above the gun.

Third solution, offered by Rheinmetall-DeTec is Astrapiconcept, envisaging integration of different types of sensorswith “effectors” which comprise artillery and missile sys-tems, which is according to manufacturer capable of effi-cient engagement of different targets, including non-con-ventional i.e. terrorist targets.

Comprehensive family for close-in protection of naval ve-ssels, by the name of Typhoon which development was ini-tiated in mid 90-s with the use of certain solutions from over-head weapon station OWS25 developed for armoured fight-ing vehicles, is offered by Israeli company Rafael. Typhoondebuted in 1995, integrated on Super Dvora fast patrol boatof Israeli Navy, when its operation was tested in conjunctionwith El-Op’s optoelectronic system MSIS. Up to now,Typhoon featured several types of guns such as: 20 mmGIAT M621, M693, 30 mm Oerlikon KCB, 30 mmBushmaster Mk44, Mauser Mk30 Model F as well as triplebarreled 12.7 heavy machine gun GAU-19/A. Rafael alsooffers integration of anti-armour missile with maximumeffective range up to 8 km of NT-D type (Neged TankDandy, anti-tank Dandy) which was recently labeled withofficial designation Spike-ER. Also, Typhoon can be inte-grated with short range air defence missiles, of “fire-and-forget” type such as Stinger, Strela, Igla. All necessary ca-lculations are performed by ballistic computer installed on

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Respektivnu familiju sistema za blisku zaštitu brodova,Typhoon, nudi i izraelska kompanija Rafael, čiji je razvojzapočeo sredinom 90-tih godina oslanjajući se na rešenjedaljinski upravljane kupole OWS25, namenjene za ugradnjuna oklopna borbena vozila. Svoju premijeru, Tajfun je 1995.godine doživeo u varijanti sa topom 25 mm Bushmaster Ina patrolnom brodu izraelske mornarice Super Dvora, kadaje njegovo funkcionisanje testirano u sprezi sa optoelek-tronskim sistemom MSIS kompanije El-Op. Do danas, saTajfunom je integrisano više različitih tipova topova kao štosu: 20 mm GIAT M621, M693, 30 mm Oerlikon KCB,Bushmaster Mk44, Mauser Mk30 Model F, kao i trocevnimitraljez 12.7 mm GAU-19/A. Kompanija Rafael nudi i inte-graciju sa topom protivoklopnih raketa dometa do 8 km klaseNT-D (Neged Tank – protivtenkovski, Dandy), koji sadaima zvaničnu oznaku Spike-ER, kao i protivvazdušnih rake-ta kratkog dometa sa pasivnim IC samonavođenjem klaseStrela, Igla ili Stinger. Sve neophodne proračun izvodi bal-istički kompjuter postavljen na samom topu, dok se osma-tranje i praćenje može vršiti ili preko sistema postavljenogna samom topu ili oslanjajući se na brodski osmatrački sis-tem, bilo u optoelektronskoj bilo u radarskoj formi. Premaraspoloživim podacima, pored izraelske mornarice koja jefinansirala razvoj ovog sistema, među korisnike Tajfuna ubra-jaju se i tradicionalni korisnici izraelskog naoružanja kao štosu Indija, Singapur, Australija i Šri Lanka koja je kao plat-formu za sistem Tajfun izabrala ruski top kalibra 23 mm.

Poznati svetski proizovđač brodskih topova, italijanskakompanija Oto Melara, oslanjajući se na višedecenijsku tradi-ciju i iskustvo, kao odgovor na moderne pretnje ratnimbrodovima uključujući i asimetrično ratovanje, nudi rešen-je u formi hibridnog artiljerijsko-raketnog sistema koji nosioznaku Mod 584. Stručna javnost je detaljnije upoznata saovim sistemom tokom razmatranja arhitekture borbenog sis-tema novih korveta klase Baynunah moranirice UjedinjenihArapskih Emirata, koji se u borodgradilištu u Abu Dabijugrade prema francuskoj licenci.

Budući da se radi o korisniku koji je s jedne strane suočensa pretnjom asimetričnog ratovanja, u regionu Zalivazabeleženom još sredinom 80-tih godina kada su se maliiranski čamci neuspešno zaletali u pravcu velikih američk-ih brodova, kao i njegove spremnosti da za svoju bezbednostizdvoji značajna sredstva, posebna pažnja posvećena je sis-temu za blisku zaštitu brodova. Odbrana broda, zamišljenakao višeslojna, se pored raketnog sistema ESSM i topa 76mm, u poslednjoj liniji oslanja na do tada malo pozanti sis-tem Mod 584 u čijem su razvoju uzeta u obzir mnoga savre-mena iskustva. Prema raspoloživim podacima, sistem zablisku zaštitu brodova Mod 584 može da koristi dva varijantetopova u kalibru 30 mm, i to Mauser Mk30 i ATKBushmaster Mk44 (varijanta koju je izabrala mornarica UAE)sa borbenim kompletom od 140 metaka, dok je u varijanti satopovima 25 mm Oerlikon KBA ili ATK Bushmaster M242borbeni komplet povećan na 200 metaka. Sistem podržavaviše radnih režima, počevši od daljinskog upravljanja naosnovu podataka dobijenih od centralizovanog sistema zakomandovanje i kontrolu pa sve do upravljanja na osnovupodataka dobijenih od elektrooptičkog senzorskog sistemapostavljenog na samom topu. Još jedna potvrda o sveprisut-nosti modularnog koncepta, po kojem korisnik u skladu sadoktrinarnim opredeljenjima kao i taktičkim, tehničkim ifinansijskim ograničenjima bira konačnu konfiguraciju

the gun, while surveillance and tracking can be executed bysystem mounted either on the gun or relying on shipbornesurveillance system, either radar or optoelectronic. Accordingto available data, besides Israeli navy which financed thedevelopment of this system, other customers of Typhooncan be found amongst traditional users of Israeli weaponrysuch as India, Singapore, Australia and Sri Lanka, whichused Russian gun 23 mm as a platform for Typhoon.

A renowned gun manufacturer, Italian company OtoMelara, relying on its tradition and experience has come upwith a solution for threats facing modern navies in the formof hybrid, artillery-missile system which carries the desig-nation Mod584. This system was presented to the public indetail during the discussions regarding combat system archi-tecture of new corvettes of Baynunah class, ordered by UAENavy, which will be built by ADSB in Musaffah shipyardunder French license.

Bearing in mind that the user, UAE Navy, is faced withthreat of asymmetric warfare which has been reported inGulf region in mid 80’s when small Iranian craft unsuc-cessfully tried to perform suicide attacks on larger US shipsand also the fact that UAE is capable of earmarking signi-ficant amount of money into development of its armed forcesspecial attention has been paid to ship close-in protectionsystem. Ship’s defence has been contemplated as multi-lay-ered one, where besides ESSM missile system and 76 mmmedium caliber gun last layer of defence relies on Mod584which embodies many advanced solutions, stemming fromanalysis of modern combat environment. As artillery arma-ment, Mod584 can use two types of 30 mm guns MauserMk30 and ATK Bushmaster Mk44 (chosen by UAE Navy)with combat load of 140 rounds, while 25 mm gunBushmaster M242 permits combat load of 200 rounds.System supports several operation modes, starting withremote control based on data supplied from centralized com-mand and control system, right up to electro-optic gun slew-ing using gun-mounted system. This can be seen as yetanother proof of ubiquitous modular approach, where userin accordance with its doctrinary approach and tactical, tech-nical requirements and financial constraints will choose finalsystem configuration. This, developmental modular approachis slowly migrating from bigger platforms such as: aircraft,ship, tank to subsystem and armament level owing primar-ily to advanced software packages enabling “virtual” designin accordance with customer’s requirements, succeeded byrapid prototyping and acceptance tests. The manufacturesoffers additional firepower improvement by installing launch-ers for MANPADS class air defence missiles, thus addi-tionally strengthening last line of defence. UAE Navy hasopted for Igla-S missiles, which are credited with success-ful coping with targets such as cruise missiles. Within pro-ject of equipping new generation frigates of Formidable class,which are built in Singapore under French license, localcompany ST Kinetics has offered system known as NRWS(Naval Remote Weapon Station). Main armament is 30 mmgun, which has coaxially mounted 7.62 mm general purposemachine gun, with efficient range up to 2500 m, and 200rounds per minute rate of fire. The gun is remotely con-trolled, from within the hull. As with other systems of thisclass, the user has the option to mount MANPADS class airdefence missiles in order to improve firepower and increasekill envelope.

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sistema, koji se sa velikih sistema kao što su avion, brod, tenkpolako «seli» na nivo podsistema opreme i naoružanja zah-valjujući pre svega softverskim paketima koji omogućavaju«virtuelno» projektovanje u skladu sa zahtevima korisnika,na osnovu čega se u relativno kratkom roku izrađuje prototipkoji kreće u testiranje i konačno proizvodnju. Proizvođačnudi dodatno povećanje vatrene moći ugradnjom lansera zaprotivvazdušne rakete klase «ispali i zaboravi», čime se dodat-no ojačava poslednja linija odbrane. Mornarica UAE je nasvojim oruđima ugradila po četiri lansera za ruske raketeIgla-S, koje se od ranijih verzija odlikuju sposobnošću da seuspešno nose sa ciljevima kakve su krstareće rakete.

U sklopu opremanja fregata nove generacije klaseFormidable, koje se u Singapuru grade prema francuskojlicenci, lokalna kompanija ST Engg odnosno njena filijalaST Kinetics je singapurskoj mornarici kao konkurencijuizraelskom sistemu Tajfun, u ulozi poslednje linije odbranebroda kako od konvencionalnih tako i od asimetričnih pret-nji, ponudila rešenje pod oznakom NRWS (Naval RemoteWeapon Station). Kao osnovno naoružanje usvojen je topkalibra 30 mm, sa kojim se može spregnuti koaksijalni mitral-jez 7.62 mm, sa efikasnim dometom do 2500 m, i brzinomgađanja do 200 metaka u minutu. Topom se upravlja daljin-ski, iz unutrašnjosti broda. Kao i na drugim rešenjima, i ovdeje korisniku ostavljena mogućnost da sa topom spregne pro-tivvazdušne rakete klase «ispali i zaboravi», čime bi se znača-jno unparedila vatrena moć i povećala zona dejstva.

Od ostalih rešenja ovog tipa, prisutnih na svetskom tržiš-tu, izdvaja se i koncept francuske komapnije GIAT promo-visan pod oznakom NARWHAL (Naval Remote WeaponHighly Accurate, Lightweight) koji omogućava ugradnjutopova 20, 25 ili 30 mm, integrisanih sa lakim postoljem kojiomogućava ugradnju i na brodove manjeg deplasmana.

Ponuda Jugoimport-SDPR

Imajući u vidu narastajuću pretnju asimteričnog ratovan-ja na moru, Jugoimport-SDPR u oslanjajući se na domaćenaučno-istraživačke, razvojne i proizvodne resurse, razma-tra različite mogućnosti opremanja i naoružavanja brodovarazličitog deplasmana u cilju pružanja adekvatnog odgovo-ra na ovu savremenu pretnju.

Aktuelna razmatranja vezana za asimterično ratovanje namoru kao jedan od preduslova za uspešnu borbu ističu potre-bu za senzorskom fuzijom, u cilju formiranja jednoznačneslike bojišta-akvatorije, na osnovu čega se donose odluke oeventualnom daljem angažovanju borbenih platformi, kojemogu biti smeštene u vazduhu, na kopnu, na ili ispodpovršine mora. S tim u vezi, domaća odbrambena industri-ja kao pouzdan izvor podataka o kretanju neprijateljskih plovi-la različitog deplasmana (kao i eventualnih niskoletećih cil-jeva) nudi osmatračko-nišanski sistem MOMS koji u sebiobjedinjuje CCD kamere za širokougaono i uskougaonoosmatranje, termovizijsku kameru (koja funkcioniše na talas-noj dužini od 8 do 14 mikrona) kao i laserski daljinomer kojise koristi za određivanje dometa. Zahvaljujući kompaktnomdizajnu i maloj masi MOMS se može instalirati na širokomspektru plovila, počevši od malih, brzih patrolnih čamacagde predstavlja jedini izvor informacija pa sve do brodovavećeg deplasmana (korvete, fregate) gde ovaj uređajfunkcioniše u sprezi sa radarima većeg dometa, čime se dobi-ja integrisano osmatračko rešenje spremno da se koristi i u

Of other systems, available on the world market, one shouldmention NARWHAL (Naval Remote Weapon HighlyAccurate, Lightweight) concept developed by French com-pany GIAT, providing integration of 20, 25 and 30 mm guns,mounted on light pedestal thus enabling integration withsmall displacement ships.

Yugoimport-SDPR offer

Baring in mind emerging threat of asymmetric warfare atsea, Yugoimport-SDPR incooperation with local scientific-research, development,design and production capacities is actively analyzing vari-ous options of equipping and arming ships of various dis-placement in order to achieve maximum possible reactionto this modern threat.

Modern considerations regarding asymmetric warfare atsea name sensor fusion as prerequisite for successful targetengagement, namely to create unified situational awarenesspicture based upon which further decisions on actual targetengagement using weapon platforms, be they aerial, landbased, surface or sub-surface, will be made. In order to havereliable source for detecting and tracking movements of ene-my surface targets as well as low flying aerial targets, Serbiandefence industry has developed MOMS surveillance-sight-ing system which embodies wide and narrow field of viewCCD daylight cameras, thermal imaging camera (operatingat 8-14 microns wavelength) and laser rangefinder. Owingto compact design and low weight, MOMS can be integrat-

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modernim, konvencionalnim operacijama karakterisanimintenzivnim ometanjem i protivelektronskom borbom. Kaoprirodan korak dalje nameće se integracija osmatračko-nišan-skog sistema MOMS sa komandom višeg nivoa (smeštenebilo na drugom brodu bilo na kopnu), korišćenjem hard-versko-softverske infrastrukture komandno-informacionogsistema, u cilju maksimizacije efekta korišćenja sopstvenihsnaga.

U domenu oružnih sredstava, Jugoimport-SDPR svojimpartnerima može da ponudi ugradnju širokog spektra sred-stava, među kojima ističemo: mitraljeze 7.62mm, teškemitraljeze 12.7mm, automatske bacače granate 30mm i više-cevne bacače raketa kalibra 128mm koji pored gađanja nepri-jateljskih plovila i vatrene podrške sopstvenim jedinicamamogu da se koriste i u sklopu operacija širih razmera protivneprijateljskih snaga na kopnu. Za gađanje ciljeva na dome-tima do 60 km mogu se koristiti vođene rakete tipa ALAS,koje imaju izuzetno visok nivo preciznosti, zahvaljujući speci-fičnom sistemu upravljanja realizovanom korišćenjemoptičkog kabla kojim se na operatorov panel prenosi slika saglave za samonavođenje u jednom smeru, dok se u drugomsmeru prenose komande na raketu. Kao inovativan pristuprešavanju problema asimetričnog ratovanja valja istaći i kon-cept ugradnje teških mitraljeza 12.7mm na brodove većegdeplasmana, tipa fregata, čime je i ovim velikim brodovimakoji su tradicionalo prvenstveno angažovani u borbama naotvorenom moru pružena mogućnost adekvatnog odgovorana novu globalnu bezbednosnu pretnju.

U red novih rešenja koje Jugoimport-SDPR nudi u ciljuborbe protiv asimteričnog ratovanja na moru može se svrsta-ti i sredstvo koje po svom izgledu i načinu upotrebe podsećana harpun, tradicionalno oružje čoveka u borbi sa morskimnemanima. Međutim, danas se ovakvo sredstvo koristi u bor-bi sa čamcima koji se koriste za krijumčarenje ljudi i raznihvrsta roba, sa osnovim ciljem da se mreža koju ovo sredstvonosi zaplete međupropelere ovihčamaca, onemoguću-jući na taj način nji-hovo dalje kretanje istvarajući predusloveza dalju policijskuakciju hapšenja kri-jumčara i spašavanjatereta. Stoga ovorešenje možemosvrstati u red «nesm-rtonosnog oružja» zaborbu protiv pirata ikrijumčara, odnosnou misijama u kojimaće savremene svetskemornarice sve češćeučestvovati.

ed with wide spectrum of surface vessels, ranging from small,fast patrol craft where it represents sole source of targetinformation right up to greater displacement vessels(corvettes, frigates) where this device operates in conjunc-tion with long and medium range radars thus creating inte-grated surveillance solution effective in modern operations,credited with intensive jamming and electronic counte-rmeasures. Next phase in development could be integrationof MOMS with higher level command (either shipborne orland based) by use of hardware-software infrastructure ofcombat management system, in order to maximize use ofallied troops.

In the area of weapon platforms, Yugoimport-SDPR canoffer its potential customers installation of wide range ofsystems among which are: 7.62mm general purpose machinegun, 12.7mm heavy machine guns, 30mm automatic grenadelaunchers and 128mm multiple rocket launchers which canbe effectively used not only in asymmetric warfare missionsbut in standard maritime operations at sea and fire supportfor embarked troops ashore. For longer range engagements,Yugoimport-SDPR can offer ALAS missile system, effectiveat ranges up to 60 km, with novel guidance system using two-way fiber optic link, which transmits image seen by hominghead in and guidance commands to the missile. One inno-vative solution to tackle asymmetric warfare, offered byYugoimport-SDPR, is installation of 12.7mm heavy machineguns on frigate sized combatant, thus enabling these bigships which are primarily engaged in “green water” or “bluewater” operations to adequately respond to modern securi-ty challenge.

Among new systems offered by Yugoimport-SDPR, weshould also mention system which by its appearance andmodus operandi closely resembles harpoon, traditionalweapon of man to fight various beasts at sea. Nowadays, thisweapon is used to combat small boats which are used by

criminals in smug-gling of various typesof illegal goods andhuman trafficking.Main purpose of this“weapon” is todeploy dense webwhich will cause pro-peller of smugglingvessel to “jam” thusstopping it effective-ly. This solution rep-resents “non-lethal”approach to fightingvarious types ofsmugglers and crim-inals, missions inwhich modern glo-bal navies will bemore and moreengaged.

Čamac Koral naoružan teškimmitraljezom12.7 mm, kojise nalazi u upotrebi u nigerijskoj policiji u zadacima kont-role obalne zone protiv krijumčara i pirata

Koral light patrol boat armed with12.7 mmheavy machinegun, in use withNigerian police in missions against smugglersand pirates

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Kraj svake poslovne godine pravi jetrenutak za sumiranje rezultata ost-varenih u proteklom periodu. Zagospodina Bogoljuba Vasiljevića,diplomiranog mašinskog inženjera idoskorašnjeg direktora Sektora zarazvoj, inženjering i tehničku podrškuu Jugoimport-SDPR, kraj 2006.godine trenutak je i za sumiranjerezultata bogate profesionalne kari-jere duge skoro četrdeset godina.

Svoje školovanje i radno angažo-vanje Bogoljub Vasiljević vezao je zavojnu industriju naše zemlje idokazao da je upornim radom,velikim trudom i strpljenjem mogućeostvariti rezultate kojima želimo dadosegnemo maksimum. GospodinVasiljević – Bube kako ga saradnicidraže oslovljavaju, bio je spreman daza naš kompanijski časopis izneseutiske i podeli iskustva nastala tokomsvoje bogate karijere, da nam iznese svoju viziju i per-spektive razvoja naše kompanije. Nadamo se da će nakonodlaska u penziju, sredinom iduće godine, gospodinVasiljević i dalje učestvovati u aktivnostima Jugoimport-SDPR jer je bila čast imati ga u svojim redovima.

Gospodine Vasiljeviću, pripadate prvim generacijama kojesu svoje srednje, a kasnije i fakultetsko obrazovanje veza-le za potrebe vojne industrije nekadašnje Jugoslavije. AkoJugoimport-SDPR predstavimo kao deo vojno-privrednogsektora, onda ste praktično ceo radni vek proveli u okviruvojne industrije.

Da, tako je. Završio sam Srednju tehničku školu uKragujevcu, koja je bila pod nadležnošću tadašnjegDržavnog sekretarijata narodne odbrane (DSNO). Tu školusu pohađala deca iz svih krajeva bivše Jugoslavije, tačnijesa lokaliteta Bosne i Hercegovine, Hrvatske i Srbije gde suse tada podizala ili obnavljala preduzeća vojne industrije.Mogu reći da su ljudi koji su završili STŠ u Kragujevcu bilinosioci razvoja i organizovanja proizvodnje u fabrikamavojne industrije. Dobar deo moje generacije nastavio jestudije na mašinskom fakultetu u Beogradu, odsek vojnomašinstvo, kao stipendisti DSNO. Daleke školske 1962/63.godine, sa profesorom Acom Stamatovićem, prvi put samposetio Centralni poligon za ispitivanje NVO u Nikincima.

The end of each business year is theright time to sum up the resultsaccomplished in the period that isbehind us. For Mr. BogoljubVasiljevic, a mechanical engineer and,until recently, Director of theDevelopment, Engineering andTechnical Support Division inYugoimport-SDPR, the end of 2006is the right time to sum up the resultsof a rich and almost forty-year longcareer.Bogoljub Vasiljevic has been tied tothe defense industry of this countrysince his schooldays and the begin-ning of his career, and has shown thatpersistant work, great effort andpatience can lead to top results. Mr.Vasiljevic – or Bube, as his associateslike to call him - was willing to pre-sent his impressions and share hisexperience with the readers of our

company magazine, as well as to present his vision andprospects of our company.

It was a great honor to have Mr. Vasiljevic in our ranksand we hope that his retirement in the coming year will notprevent him from taking part in the business activities ofYugoimport-SDPR.

Mr. Vasiljevic, you belong to those first generations whichhave been tied to the former Yugoslav defense industrysince their high-school and university days. Consideringthat Yugoimport-SDPR is a part of military-economic sec-tor, we can say that you have spent all your active life indefense industry.

Yes, you are right. I finished the Technical High School(THS) in Kragujevac, which at the time came within thecompetence of the State Secretariat of National Defense(DSNO). This school was attended by students from allover former Yugoslavia, or to be more precise, from thoseareas of Bosnia and Herzegowina, Croatia and Serbia wheredefense companies were being built or restored. I can saythat the graduates from the THS in Kragujevac were thechampions of development and production in defenseindustry factories. A large part of my class proceeded withthe studies at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering inBelgrade, Military Engineering Department, as DSNO

VIZIJAUSPEŠNOG

RAZVOJA

A VISION OFSUCCESSFULDEVELOPMENT

PišeBojana Đokić

ByBojana Đokić

Kako sam imao obavezu da, kao vojni stipendista, radim 16godina u preduzećima Vojne industrije i da se aktiviram učin poručnika JNA, prvi problem je nastao u određivanjupreduzeća gde ću raditi. DSNO mi je ponudio mogućnostizbora između preduzeća “Marko Orešković“ iz LičkogOsika i “Slavko Rodić“ iz Bugojna što sam a priori odbio.Posle dužeg razmatranja dogovoreno je da svoj profesion-alni put započnem u “Prvom partizanu“, Užice (PPU), gdesam radio prvih deset godina svog radnog veka.

U početku vašeg profesionalnog angažovanja vojna indus-trija tadašnje Jugoslavije imala je dosta problema. Na kojinačin ste se kao mlad inženjer suočili sa situacijom koja vasje zatekla u ’’Prvom partizanu’’ i na kojim poslovima stesticali prva radna iskustva?

Početak rada nije bio nimalo ružičast. Na istoj sedniciRadničkog saveta kada sam primljen u radni odnos, okto-bra 1967. godine, doneta je odluka o otpuštanju 250 radni-ka zbog smanjenja obima posla. Kako je tada fabrika„Igman“ iz Konjica sa istim proizvodnim programom ikapacitetom tri puta većim od kapaciteta PPU imala pri-mat u proizvodnji za potrebe JNA i popunjavanja stokova,“Prvom partizanu“ je saopšteno da mora tražiti nove pro-grame ako želi da opstane, i to vlastitim snagama, bez finan-sijske pomoći države. Za ’’Prvi partizan’’ je to bio podsti-caj da uđe u osvajanje proizvodnje manevarske municije sačeličnom čaurom, prvo sa plastičnim zrnom, a potom bezzrna, koja i danas egzistira. Ovaj novo osvojeni proizvodniprogram spasao je od gašenja „Prvi partizan“ - namenskuproizvodnju. Tada su osvojeni osnovni kalibri 7,62x39mmM68, 7,9x57mm M69, 7,62x51mm i 7,62x54mm, a kasnijei ostali kalibri u skladu sa zahtevima tržišta. Uporedo smo

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scholarship holders. Far back in the schoolyear 1962/63 Ivisited, with professor Aca Stamatovic, the military CentralTest Ground in Nikinci for the first time. As a militaryscholar, I was obliged to commit 16 years of my career tothe defense industry companies and to come into activeservice with the Yugoslav National Army (JNA) as a lieu-tenant. So, the first difficulty for me was to decide on thecompany where I would start my work. DSNO offered meto choose from the “Marko Oreskovic“ company from LickiOsik and the “Slavko Rodic“ company from Bugojno, whichI a priori refused. After considerable thought, it was decid-ed that I should start my professional life with “Prvi parti-zan“ in Uzice (PPU), where I worked for the first ten yearsof my career.

At the beginning of your professional life, the Yugoslavmilitary industry of the time met with many problems. Whatwas it like to come into grips with the state of affairs youfound at ’’Prvi partizan’? What were the projects in whichyou gained your first working experience?

The beginning of my career was not optimistic pink atall. In October 1967, at the same Workers' Council sessionwhen I was employed, a decision was reached to lay off 250workers due to reduced volume of production. Having thesame manufacturing program and a three times biggercapacity than the PPU, the „Igman“ factory from Konjichad a lead in production for the needs of the JNA, so “Prvipartizan“ was told to look for new programs to survive,applying its own strength, without financial support of theState. This encouraged ’’Prvi partizan’’ to start masteringproduction of blank ammunition with steel cartridge cas-

es, first with the plastic bullets andthen without the bullets. This newlyacquired production program, whichis still extant, saved „Prvi partizan“from being closed down. This is whenthe production of basic calibers suchas 7.62x39mm M68, 7.9x57mm M69,7.62x51mm and 7.62x54mm was alsomastered, followed later by other cal-ibers dictated by the market. We hada parallel production of service ammu-nition. As a young engineer with athree-year working experience, I wasappointed a technical manager ofDefense Production Division where Itook over technology-oriented activi-ties i.e. production facility modern-ization, as well as the mentionedammunition development and designprograms. When it was decided to dis-locate the production, as the head ofa working team I was entrusted withthe task of defining the TechnologicalProject on the basis of which infra-structure facilities were to bedesigned. The experience I gainedwith these capital investment projectsat that time was very useful for myfuture career.

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CEradili i bojevu municiju. Kao mlad inženjer sa trogodišn-

jim radnim iskustvom, postavljen sam za tehničkog direk-tora Namenske proizvodnje gde sam, pored poslova narazvoju i konstrukciji municije, preuzeo i poslove tehnologi-je, odnosno modernizacije proizvodnog pogona. Kada jedoneta odluka o izmeštanju proizvodnje, meni je poverenzadatak vođenja radnog tima za definisanje Tehnološkogprojekta, što je bila osnova za projektovanje infrastrukturnihobjekata. Iskustvo koje sam tada stekao u investicionimposlovima veoma mi je koristilo u daljem radu.

Krajem 1977. godine prelazite u Saveznu direkciju zapromet i rezerve proizvoda sa posebnom namenom (SDPR).Radeći na poslovima planiranja razvoja vojne industrijeimali ste priliku da svoja znanja i mogućnosti realizujete uAlžiru, Uzbekistanu i drugim zemljama sa kojima smo imalidobru poslovnu saradnju. Na kojim ste projektima biliangažovani?

Na predlog Vojno privrednog sektora SSNO moje radnoangažovanje nastavlja se u Saveznoj direkciji za promet irezerve proizvoda sa posebnom namenom, odakle samodmah upućen u Alžir u okviru Tehničke pomoći Direkcijivojne industrije Alžira. Tamo sam proveo tri godine. Naosnovu ličnog iskustva predložio sam formiranje prototipskeproizvodne linije za malu municiju, kao prvu fazu izgrad-nje buduće fabrike municije u Alžiru. Medjutm, ovaj pred-log nije podržan od strane SDPR koji je preferirao da seodmah ide na izgradnju fabrike municije velikog kapacite-ta, polazeći od iskustva iz Iraka, gde smo tada bili u zamahusa investicionim radovima. Nažalost, alžirci su se tadaobratili firmi FN iz Liježa i realizovali zamisao.

U SDPR sam se vratio 1980. godine i bio sam raspoređenu Sektor inženjeringa, Odeljenje za pripremu i ugovaran-je inženjering poslova. U periodu od 1980. do sredine 1996.godine radio sam na mnogim ponudama i zaključenju ugov-ora iz domena transfera tehnologije za proizvodnju sred-stava NVO, kao i na ponudama i ugovorima za izgradnju iopremanje fabrika po principu „ključ u ruke“. Najveći deoponuda odnosio se na investitore iz Iraka, Libije, Irana,Angole, Etiopije, zemalja Južne Azije i Dalekog istoka.Sredinom 1996. godine upućen sam u Uzbekistan u zajed-ničko preduzeće „Himprojekt“, koje je formirano sa državn-im Institutom za hemijsko inženjerstvo, sa ciljem prodorana to tržište sa našim tehnologijama.Zbog oskudice finan-sijskih sredstava kod obe strane ova zajednička firma nijeopstala. Po povratku iz Uzbekistana, 1998. godine, odmahsam se uključio u projekat K-30, transfer tehnologije muni-cije 30x165mm za topove 2A42, 2A72 i Gš301, za kineskogpartnera. Saugovorači na ovom projektu su bili: “Sloboda“iz Čačka, „Milan Blagojević“ iz Lučana, “Krušik“ iz Valjevai “Zastava“ iz Kragujevca. Realizacija ovog projekta se odvi-jala za vreme sankcija i bombardovanja Jugoslavije 1999.godine što je dovelo do posebnih problema. Ipak, prevaz-išli smo sve i ugovor je, na naše i zadovoljstvo kineskoginvestitora, potpuno završen i naplaćen. Na ovom projektuaktivno je učestvovao i puk. Anastas Paligorić.

Poslednje godine rada u Jugoimport-SDPR proveli ste namestu Direktora Sektora za razvoj, inženjering i tehničkupodršku. To je period kada je naše preduzeće ulagalo velike

At the end of 1977 you moved to the Federal Directorateof Supply and Procurement (SDPR). Being engaged inplanning the defense industry development you were giv-en an opportunity to apply your knowledge and abilities inAlgeria, Uzbekistan and other countries we had good busi-ness relations with. Which projects were you engaged in?

At the proposal of the Military Economic Division of theSSNO (Federal Secretariat of National Defense) my careerwas continued with the Federal Directorate of Supply andProcurement, which sent me immediately to Algeria as partof the Technical Assistance Program to the AlgerianDefense Industry Directorate. I spent three years there.Based on my personal experience, I proposed setting up ofthe prototype processing line for small caliber ammuni-tion, as the first stage of the future ammunition factory inAlgeria. However, this proposal was not accepted by SDPR,which preferred to erect a high-capacity ammunition fac-tory right away, based on its experience from Iraq, whereour capital investment works were in full swing.Unfortunately, the Algerians then approached the FN com-pany from Liege and accomplished their own plan.

I returned to SDPR in 1980 and was assigned to theEngineering Division, Department for contracting of engi-neering projects. From 1980 to mid 1996 I was involved inpreparing various offers and contracts in the field of trans-fer of technology for armaments and defense equipment,as well as in offers and contracts for erection and furnish-ing of different factories, on «turn-key basis“. Most of theoffers were for the employers in Iraq, Libya, Iran, Angolaand Ethiopia, as well as in South Asian and Far East coun-tries. In mid 1996 I was sent to Himproject in Uzbekistan,our joint-venture company established together with thestate Institute for Chemical Engineering with the aim ofpromoting our technologies. For lack of funds on both sides,this joint-venture did not survive. After coming back fromUzbekistan in 1998, I joined the K-30 project for a Chinesepartner which covered the transfer of technology for30x165mm ammunition for 2A42, 2A72 and Gš301 guns.Our co-contractors in this project were: “Sloboda“ fromCacak, „Milan Blagojevic“ from Lucani, “Krusik“ fromValjevo and “Zastava“ from Kragujevac. This project tookplace during the sanctions and the bombing of Yugoslaviain 1999, which created real difficulties for us. However, wemanaged to overcome all the obstacles and finilize the con-tract, collecting all the payment to the mutual satisfactionof our side and the Chinese employer. I have to mentionthat colonel Anastas Paligoric had an active part in this pro-ject.

You spent your final years in Yugoimport-SDPR as theDirector of Development, Engineering and TechnicalSupport Division. This was the time when our companyspared no effort trying to mitigate the well-known effectsof the nineties of the last century. Now it is safe to say thatour ambitions, good organization and, most of al,l the rangeof products we can offer, paved our way for returning to theglobal market as a serious, competative and reliable part-ner. In your opinion, which projects can now be marked asespecially important?

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napore da ublaži posledice nastale devedesetih godinaprošlog veka iz dobro poznatih razloga. Sada se sa sig-urnošću može reći da smo velikim ambicijama, dobrom orga-nizovanošću i, pre svega, programom koji možemo daponudimo, uspeli da stvorimo dobre osnove da se na svet-skom tržištu ponovo pojavimo kao ozbiljan, konkurentan ipouzdan partner. Koji projekti po vašem mišljenju da ima-ju poseban značaj u našoj poslovnoj ponudi?

Poslednjih desetak godina imali smo velike poslovneaktivnosti na setu ugovora sa Libijom (saradnja sa njihovimRazvojnim centrom), Indonezijom na ponudi isporuke itransfera tehnologije za proizvodnju sferičnog baruta,Pomenuo bih i marketinške i ugovorne aktivnosti vezaneza tržište Južne Amerike. Najzad smo, posle dugog mar-ketinškog rada, uspeli da plasiramo opremu za municijumalih kalibara proizvedenu u “Prvom partizanu“ i očeku-jemo uspešan nastavak saradnje. Poslednje dve godine samaktivno angažovan na realizaciji ugovora za isporuku samo-hodne top-haubice 155mm B-52 NORA koja je ušla u ser-ijsku proizvodnju. Ovaj projekat zahtevao je veliku upornosti istrajnost u angažovanju Jugoimport-SDPR u procesimaplaniranja i kontrole proizvodnih aktivnosti saugovorača.Da smo imali većih ingerencija u upravljanju i organizaci-ji proizvodnje, verujem da bi proizvodnja bila vremenskikraća. U svakom slučaju, iz ovog projekta mogu se izvućipouke za dalji rad na sličnim zahtevima.

Gospodine Vasiljeviću, recite mi na kraju kako sagleda-vate perspektive Jugoimport-SDPR u budućnosti i šta jevaša poruka za one koji nastavljaju sa mesta gde vi zavra-vate svoju uspešnu dugogodišnju profesionalnu karijeru?

S obzirom na promene uslova za obavljanje spoljnotr-govinskog prometa NVO, a imajući u vidu činjenicu da stoti-nak firmi u Srbiji ima licencu za bavljenje ovim poslovima,kao i činjenicu da su preduzeća vojne industrije dobilamogućnost da samostalno ponude svoje proizvode i uslugei na kraju, da Ministarstvo odbrane ima pretenzije da sesamostalno bavi ovim poslovima, rad našeg preduzeća veo-ma je otežan i složen. Nije ni malo lako naći van zemljedovoljno poslova i naći u zemlji domaće firme koje ćekvalitetno i na vreme isporučiti robu i izvršiti usluge. Stogamislim da je potpuno ispravno rešenje orijentacija postavl-jena u Jugoimport-SDPR da se oformi odeljenje za razvo-jne aktivnosti koje, po mom mišljenju, treba što pre dop-uniti organizovanjem jednog proizvodno-remontnog pog-ona za određena sredstava NVO, ne ulazeći u osnovnetehnologije šest preduzeća odbrambene industrije Srbije.Samo samostalnom opremljenošću i umešnošću organizo-vanja kooperacije sa nedostajućim tehnologijama mogućeje ostvariti perspektivu mogućnosti prihvatanja i realizaci-je raznovrsnih poslova, što je nada za bolje sutra. Ovo mis-lim kao nadogradnju na postojeću infrastrukturu preduzeća.Pri tom, uvek se mora budno pratiti odnos proizvodnih ineproizvodnih radnika u preduzeću koji mora biti korek-tan radi ekonomičnog poslovanja firme.

Želeo bih na kraju da istaknem da iskreno verujem u daljuuspešnost poslovanja Jugoimport-SDPR a sa svoje stranespreman sam da i dalje pomognem prema potrebi i zahte-vu SDPR.

In the past ten years we had significant business activi-ty regarding a set of contracts with Libya (cooperation withtheir Development Center) and with Indonesia - regard-ing delivery of ball powders and the pertaining transfer oftechnology. I would also like to mention our marketing andcontracting pursuits related to South America. Afterextenisve marketing activities, we finally managed to sellour processing equipment for small caliber ammunition,manufactured by “Prvi partizan“, and we expect to contin-ue this cooperation successfully. In the past two years Itook an active part in the implementation of contracts signedfor supply of self-propelled gun Howitzer 155mm B-52NORA, which has now reached the mass production stage.This project required great determination and persistanceon the part of Yugoimport-SDPR, in the planning and con-trol of our co-contractor's production activities. Had webeen given a chance for greater influence on productionmanagement and organization, I believe that productionwould have taken less time. Anyway, we should draw a les-son from this project for some future projects with simi-lar requirements.

Mr. Vasiljevic, how do you see the prospects ofYugoimport-SDPR, and what would be your message tothose who will resume your work, when you end up thislong, fruitful career?

The circumstances for carrying out the foreign trade ofarmaments and defense equipment have changed. Weshould also have in mind the fact that about a hundred oth-er Serbian companies are licensed for this line of work, aswell as the fact that the defense industry companies aregiven the opportunity to sell their products and servicesindependently, and finally that the Ministry of Defense hassimilar aspirations, the position of our company is extreme-ly hard and complex. It is not easy to find projects abroador to find indigenous companies which can supply high-quality goods or services in due time. This is why I thinkthat Yugoimport-SDPR has made a good decision estab-lishing a development department, which should, in myopinion, be added a production and overhaul facility forcertain armaments and defense equipment, without touch-ing the basic technologies of the six defense industry com-panies in Serbia. Only if fully equipped and independent,as well as skilled enough to set up a cooperation with themissing technologies it would be possible to create the con-ditions for implementation of various projects. This is ourhope for a better future. Apart from this, I think that a bal-ance between production and non-production workersshould always be kept so as to make the company's opera-tions most cost-effective.

In the end, I would like to point out quite clearly that Ihonestly believe in Yugoimport-SDPR's successful future.As for me, I am ready and willing to offer my help if andwhen needed.

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Istorijat

Preduzeće EDePro (Engine Development and Production)ima dugogodišnju tradiciju u razvoju, projektovanju iproizvodnji turbomlaznih i raketnih motora. Koreni pre-duzeća sežu trideset godina unazad, kada je osnovanaLaboratorija za mlaznu propulziju Mašinskog fakultetaUniverziteta u Beogradu. Danas je preduzeće EDePro pre-raslo u uspešnu, međunarodno priznatu firmu koja se baviistraživanjem, razvojem, proizvodnjom i prometom novih,modernizacijom postojećih sredstava naoružanja i vojneopreme (NVO), kao i primenom visokotehnoloških rešenjau protivgradnoj zaštiti i drugim civilnim namenama.

Profil kompanije

Preduzeće EDePro je godinama među vodećim organi-zacijama u projektovanju i proizvodnji turbomlaznih i raket-nih propulzivnih sistema različitih tipova i namena.Fleksibilnost u projektovanju omogućila je postizanje viso-kih performansi realizovanih rešenja, a s druge straneobezbedila je mogućnost brze realizacije projekata i aktivnos-ti u odbrambenoj i srodnim industrijama. Težište delova-nja preduzeća je stalno oslanjanje na vrhunski stručni kadar

History

The Company EdePro (Engine Development andProduction) has a long tradition in the development, design,and production of turbojet and rocket engines. The foun-dations of the Company were laid thirty years ago, when theLaboratory for Jet Propulsion was founded at the Faculty ofMechanical Engineering of the University in Belgrade. Today,EdePro has grown into a successful, internationally renownedCompany, which is engaged in the research, development,production, and trade in the new, and modernization of theexisting munitions and defense equipment, as well as in theapplication of high-tech solutions in hailstorm defense, aswell as in other civilian applications.

Company Profile

The EdePro Company has been, for years, among the lead-ing organizations engaged in the design and production ofturbojet and rocket propulsion systems of different typesand applications. The flexibility in the design has enabledthe accomplishment of high performances of the realizedsolutions, and, on the other hand, it has enabled the possi-bility of fast realization of projects and activities in the defense

EDePro-DOMAĆE ZNANJE

ZA CEO SVET

EDePro – LOCALKNOWLEDGE FORTHE WHOLEWORLD

PišeGoran Memon, dipl.ing.

ByGoran Memon, B.Sc. Eng.

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Nu aktuelnim oblastima, i filozofiju sopstvenog, originalnograzvoja, što rezultuje visokim nivoom efikasnosti u radu ikvalitetom realizovanih projekata. U preduzeću danas radepredstavnici nekoliko generacija stručnjaka i specijalista,tako da EDePro zapošljava više doktora nauka, magistara ispecijalista u tehničkim delatnostima značajnim za njegovrad. Pored toga, određeni broj stručnjaka preduzeća jeangažovan u izvođenju redovne nastave na Mašinskom fakul-tetu Univerziteta u Beogradu, kao i u okviru izvođenja dok-torskih i magistarskih studija. Direktor EDePro, redovniprofesor dr Branislav Jojić, ujedno je i šef katedre za va-zduhoplostvo Mašinskog fakulteta u Beogradu.

Strateška opredeljenja preduzeća EDePro su:• Istraživanje i razvoj u oblasti sistema mlazne propulzi-

je na bazi tečnih i čvrstih pogonskih materija,• Projektovanje i proizvodnja turbomlaznih motora male

snage i potiska namenjenih za pogon bespilotnih letelica,jedrilica, helikoptera i maketa letelica,• Razvoj, projektovanje i proizvodnja bespilotnih letelica

različitih namena,• Razvoj, projektovanje i proizvodnja savremenih sre-

dstava i sistema naoružanja i vojne opreme (NVO).• Remont i modernizacija postojećih sredstava i sistema

NV,.• Realizacija edukativnih programa, stručnih, specijal-

ističkih i naučnih kurseva iz oblasti delatnosti preduzeća itransfer različitih tehnologija.

Poslovna politika preduzeća EDePro definiše aktivnosti uproizvodnom, edukativnom i razvojnom sektoru delatnosti.

Proizvodni program preduzeća predstavljaju realizovaniprojekti: proizvodnja kompozitnih raketnih goriva, proje-ktovanje i proizvodnja sklopova i podsklopova više tipova pro-tivgradnih raketa, projektovanje i proizvodnja gasogenera-tora (base-bleed jedinica) za artiljerijske projektile, remontraketnih motora i gasogeneratora raketa tipa vazduh-vazduhi zemlja-vazduh, proizvodnja raketnih motora za artiljerijskerakete različitih kalibara.

Razvojni programi obuhvataju aktuelne istraživačke pro-jekte: turbomlazni motor TMM-040 MONGOOSE malihdimenzija i klase potiska 40 daN, sistem višenamenskognavođenog projektila ALAS, žirostabilisana artiljerijska rake-ta R-107 kalibra 107mm za višecevni bacač raketa (VBR)dometa 11 km, hibridni artiljerijski projektil kalibra 155 mmRA/BB sa raketnim motorom i jedinicom gasogeneratora,raketa R-400 dometa 140 km.

Edukativni programi predstavljaju aktivnosti usaglašenesa obrazovnim planom Mašinskog fakulteta u Beogradu, ausmereni su ka obrazovanju i usvršavanju kadrova iz oblastimlazne propulzije. Korišćenjem naprednih CAD/CAM pro-jektnih metoda polaznicima kurseva se prezentiraju najsavre-menije metode projektovanja i sve to kroz praktičan rad narealnim konstrukcijama i razvojnim programima. Takođe,polaznicima se omogućava da interaktivno učestvuju u inple-mentaciji novih tehnologija i sadržaja u procesu projekto-vanja. Na osnovu bogatog iskustva formiranog školovanjemviše generacija inostranih studenata iz različitih zemalja,preduzeće EDePro garantuje visok nivo kvaliteta stečenogznanja kod svih polaznika.

and related industries. The Company’s main effort is to per-manently rely on the top-notch experts in the topical areas,and to pursue the philosophy of its own, original develo-pment, which results in a high level of efficiency in work andthe quality of realized projects. Today, the Company employsthe representatives of few generations of experts and spe-cialists and, hence EdePro employs a substantial number ofPhDs, masters of science, and specialists in fields, whichare important for its operations. Besides, a certain numberof Company’s experts are teaching at the Faculty ofMechanical Engineering of the University in Belgrade, aswell as within the postgraduate studies. The Director ofEdePro, the full-time Professor Branislav Jojić, PhD, is alsothe head of the Department of Aeronautics at the Faculty ofMechanical Engineering in Belgrade.

The strategic commitments of EdePro are:- Research and development in the field of jet propulsion,

based on liquid and solid fuels;- Design and production of low-output and thrust turbojet

engines intended for UAV, motor glider, helicopter, and mock-up power plants;- Development, design, and production of unmanned aer-

ial vehicles for different applications;- Development, design, and production of modern muni-

tions and weapon systems and defense equipment;- Overhaul and modernization of the existing munitions

and weapon systems;- Various training programs, expert, specialist, and scien-

tific courses in the areas of the Company’s expertise and trans-fer of different technologies.

The business policy of EdePro Company defines the acti-vities in the production, educational, and development sec-tors.

The product range of the Company is represented by real-ized projects: production of composite rocket fuels, design andproduction of assemblies and subassemblies for a number oftypes of anti-hailstorm rockets, design and production of gasgenerators (base bleed units) for artillery ammunition, over-haul of missile engines and gas generators for air-to-air andsurface-to-air missiles, production of rocket motors for artilleryrockets of different calibers.

The development program includes our current researchprojects: small TMM-040 MONGOOSE turbojet engine ofthe thrust class of 40 daN, multi-purpose ALAS guided mi-ssile system, gyro-stabilized artillery rocket R-107 of 107mmcaliber for multi-barreled rocket launchers with the maxi-mum range of 11 kilometers, hybrid artillery ammunition of155 mm caliber RA/BB with rocket motor and gas genera-tor unit, R-400 ballistic missile of the maximum range of140 km.

The educational programs are represented by activities,which are harmonized with the curriculum of the Faculty ofMechanical Engineering in Belgrade, and they are intend-ed for education and specialization of research staff in thefield of jet propulsion. By using the advanced CAD/CAMdesign methods, the course attendants are presented withthe latest design methods, and everything is done throughpractical work on real designs and development programs.

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NPreduzeće EDePro poseduje tehnološki savremene labo-ratorije za ispitivanje karakteristika turbomlaznih i raketnihmotora, čvrstih raketnih goriva kao vazduhoplovnih materi-jala. Laboratorija za ispitivanje turbomlaznih motora pose-duje naprednu platformu za ispitivanje turbomlaznih moto-ra u realnim eksploatacionim uslovima. Savremenaakviziciona i merna oprema omogućava merenje i zapisivanjevelikog broja parametara u realnom vremenu. Stoga su la-boratorije ove namene preduzeća EDePro, među malobro-jnim laboratorijama u ovom delu Evrope.

Proizvodni programi

Najveći deo proizvodnog i razvojnog programa preduzećaEDePro oslonjen je na proizvodnju termoplastičnog ko-mpozitnog raketnog goriva razvijenog po sopstvenoj, origi-nalnoj tehnologiji. Postojeća proizvodna linija obezbeđujevisokoserijsku proizvodnju različitih tipova pogonskih pu-njenja raketnih motora i generatora gasa. Ovi proizvodi kara-kterišu se visokim specifičnim impulsima, odličnimmehaničkim osobinama, visokom pouzdanošću i dugotrajn-im vekom upotrebe. Najnovija istraživanja usmerena su kaosvajanju segmentnih pogonskih punjenja (relativno ma-njih dimenzija), čime bi bilo omogućeno formiranje veliko-gabaritnih, modularno građenih punjenja raketnih motora.Takav pristup obezbeđuje procentualno manja ulaganja imanje složeno proizvodno okruženje. Projektovanje, razvoji proizvodnja savremenih raketnih motora, pored ostalog,uslovljeni su dobrim poznavanjem materijala i tehnologijaizrade delova, čija je osnovna funkcija termička zaštita nosećihkonstrukcija. Posebnost ovakvih tehničkih rešenja i pose-dovanje iskustva u realizaciji usmerili su preduzeće u pravcu

Also, the course attendants are enabled to interactively pa-rticipate in the implementation of new technologies and co-ntents in the design process. Based on a rich experience,gained by educating multiple generations of foreign studentsfrom different countries, EdePro guarantees a high level ofquality of the knowledge acquired by all course attendants.

EdePro Company has technologically advanced laborato-ries for testing of the characteristics of turbojet engines androcket motors, solid rocket fuels as well as the materials usedin aircraft construction. Turbojet engine testing lab has anadvanced platform for testing of turbojet engines in reali-stic operational conditions. The modern acquisition andmeasuring equipment enables measuring and recording ofa large number of parameters in real time. Therefore, theselaboratories of EdePro Company are among the rare ones ofthis kind in this part of Europe.

Production Programs

The largest part of EdePro’s production and developmentprogram is relying on the production of thermoplastic, co-mposite rocket fuel, developed based on its own, originaltec-hnology. The existing production line enables a large-volume production of different types of fuels for rocketmotors and gas generators. These products are character-ized by high specific impulses, excellent mechanical prop-erties, high reliability and long service life. The latest researchis aimed at mastering of the production of segmented solidpropellants (of relatively smaller dimensions), which wouldenable making of high-volume, modular built propellants ofrocket motors. Such an approach ensures smaller invest-ments percentage-wise and a less complex production envi-ronment. The design, development, and production of mod-ern rocket motors are, among other things, conditioned bya good knowledge of the materials and parts making tech-nologies, whose basic function is thermal protection of thebearing structures. The special feature of such engineeringsolutions and the experience in realization have oriented theCompany towards its own design, development of an indige-nous technology for production of parts and sub-assembliesmade out of thermo-protecting, composite polymer mate-rials, which fulfill their function through the process of abla-tion. At the same time, the existing technological line is alsocompatible with the technology for production of elastomerelements for defense industries. Such a concept enables theimplementation of all above programs within the frameworkof a single production unit.

122 mm Artillery Rocket “GRAD”

One of the most important products of EdePro is the rock-et motor for 122 mm artillery rockets, GM and G-2000,intended for use from multiple rocket launcher systems BM-21 “GRAD”. The GM rocket is a modified original rocketM-21 OF, in which the original charge and chamber of therocket motor were replaced, which increase of the maximumrange by 40%. The G-2000 rocket represents a unique solu-tion in the range of 122 mm caliber rockets, with the rangeexceeding 40 kilometers (increase of the maximum rangein comparison with the original rocket is 100%).

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sopstvenog projektovanja, razvoja tehnologije proizvodnjedelova i podsklopova od termozaštitnih, kompozitnihpolimernih materijala koji svoju funkciju ostvaruju kroz pro-ces ablacije. Paralelno, postavljena tehnološka linija omoguća-va i tehnologiju proizvodnje specijalnih elastomernih ele-menata za namensku industriju. Ovakav koncept omoguća-va realizaciju svih navedenih programa u okviru jedinstveneproizvodne celine.

Artiljerijska raketa kalibra 122 mm “GRAD“

Jedan od najznačajnih proizvoda firme EDePro predsta-vlja raketni motor za artiljerijske rakete kalibra 122 mm GMi G-2000 namenjene za upotrebu u višecevnim raketnim la-nsirnim sistemima BM-21 „GRAD“. Raketa GM je modi-fikovana originalna raketa M-21 OF kojoj je zamenjenopogonsko punjenje i komora raketnog motora, uz poveća-nje maksimalnog dometa od 40%. Raketa G-2000 predstavljajedinstveno rešenje u kalibru 122 mm dometa preko 40 km(povećanje maksimalnog dometa u odnosu na originalnuraketu je 100%).

Protivgradne rakete

Preduzeće EDePro, u kooperaciji sa poslovnim partneri-ma, je vodeća organizacija u jugoistočnoj Evropi za prozvo-dnju protivgradnih sistema. Realizovani proizvodi se deceni-jama uspešno koriste u okviru redovne protivgradne zaštiteu našoj zemlji i u inostranstvu. Postoje dva tipa protivgra-dnih raketa (A-6 i A-8) čija je upotreba jednostavna i po-uzdana. Zbog svojih kvaliteta (performansi, pouzdanosti ibezbednosti) ove rakete svakim danom osvajaju nova trži-šta širom planete.

Gasogenerator (base-bleed jedinica) zaartiljerijske projektile

Preduzeće EDePro proizvodi gasogeneratore za artiljeri-jske projektile od kalibra 76 mm do 155 mm. Performanseproizvedenih gasogeneratora su vrhunske i omogućavajupovećanje dometa više od 30% u odnosu na klasičan arti-ljerijski projektil. Pouzdanost pripaljivanja i rada gasogen-eratora na putanji je stoprocentna. Maksimalni domet pro-jektila sa ovim gasogeneratorima je veći nego sa gasogene-ratorskim jedinicama drugih svetskih proizvođača. Najvećeserije gasogeneratora su proizvedene za projektile kalibara105 mm i 155 mm. Trenutni proizvodni kapacitet preduzećaje preko 40,000 punjenja na godišnjem nivou.

Remont i modernizacija postojećih sistema NVOPreduzeće EDePro je kadrovski i tehnološki opremljeno

za realizaciju remonta i modernizacije postojećih složenihsistema NVO, naročito u domenu raketnog pogona. Zapaženrezultat ostvaren je učešćem u uspešnom remontu raketavazduh-vazduh druge generacije R-60K i R60MK. U osnovi,remont ovih raketa sastojao se u zameni postojećeg raketnogmotora novoproizvedenim raketnim motorom preduzećaEDePro koji svojim performansama u potpunosti odgovaratehničkim zahtevima za raketu R-60K i R60MK. Pored toga,proizvedeno je i potpuno novo punjenje generatora gasa kojeima bolje performanse od originalnog.

Anti-Hailstorm Rockets

EdePro Company, in cooperation with its business part-ners, is the leading company in South-Eastern Europe forthe production of anti-hailstorm systems. The realized prod-ucts have been used for the regular protection against hail-storms for decades, both in our country and abroad. Thereare two types of anti-hailstorm rockets (A-6 and A-8), whichare easy to use and reliable. Because of their qualities (per-formances, safety, and reliability), these rockets are findingnew markets every day, throughout the planet.

Gas Generator (Base-Bleed Unit) forArtillery Ammunition

EdePro Company produces gas generators for artilleryammunition, with calibers ranging from 76mm to 155 mm.The performances of the produced gas generators are supe-rior and they provide an increase in range of over 30% withrespect to a conventional artillery shell. The reliability ofignition and operation of gas generators on the trajectory is100%. The maximum range of the ammunition with thesegas generators is longer than of those of other world manu-facturers. The biggest series of gas generators have beenproduced for ammunition of 105mm and 155mm calibers.The current production capacity of our Company is over40,000 charges per annum.

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EdePro Company has the adequate manpower and tech-nologies to conduct overhaul and modernization of the exist-ing complex munitions and defense equipment, especiallyin the field of rocket propulsion. The noted result wasachieved during participation in the successful overhaul ofthe second-generation air-to-air missiles R-60K andR-60MK. Basically, the overhaul of these missiles consist-ed of the replacement of the existing missile engine with thenew missile engine, produced by EdePro, whose perfo-rmances meet all the technical criteria for missiles R-60Kand R-60MK. Additionally, a brand new gas generator chargewas produced, which has better performances than the ori-ginal one.

Programs under Development

In its business orientation, EdePro Company devotes asignificant part of its resources towards research and deve-lopment programs, which are nowadays the necessary pre-condition for survival in an ever more demanding and sele-ctive market. This is why the Company has focused its corebusiness on two priorities. The first one is further develo-pment of rocket motors based on solid and liquid fuels, aswell as the development of new, solid composite rocket fuels,of high power performance. The second priority is the deve-lopment of turbojet engines, above all for unmanned aerialvehicle systems. Apart from these two priorities, EdeProCompany develops, in parallel the integral unmanned aeri-al vehicle systems, guided targets for different purposes, aswell as light and ultra-light aircraft (aircraft and helicopters).

Missile R-400

An important development program is the ballistic mi-ssile, of the range of 140 kilometers, in 400 mm caliber. Themissile is powered by a modular solid fuel missile engine.This missile is a unique solution within the class of tacticallong-range ballistic missiles, and it represents a modernasset for ground combat support.

Turbojet Engines

A special department of EdePro Company is working onthe research, development, design, and production of

turbojet engines of different designs and purposes.For replacement of the existing generator on M-

84 (T-72) tanks, a turbo engine TM-40 wasdeveloped, of an output of 40 kW. This tur-

bo engine can equally use several types offuels (standard fuel, kerosene, diesel

fuel). Apart from the above applica-tion, this tu-rbo engine can be

used as a propulsion unit fordifferent types of APUs

(Auxiliary Power Units). TheCompany is also developing TMM-040 MUN-

GOOSE turbojet engine of the thrust of 40 daN, whichis primarily designed to power unmanned aerial vehicles.This turbojet engine is being developed by using the low-cost manufacturing technology, which will contribute to its

Razvojni programi

U svojoj poslovnoj orijentaciji preduzeće EDePro znača-jan deo resursa usmerava ka istraživačkim i razvojnim pro-gramima koji su danas nužni uslov opstanka na sve zahtevni-jem i izbirljivijem tržištu. U tom cilju preduzeće je usmer-ilo delatnost u dva prioritetna pravca. Prvi pravac je daljirazvoj raketnih motora na bazi čvrste i tečne pogonske mate-rije, kao i razvoj novih, čvrstih kompozitnih raketnih gorivavisokih energetskih performansi. Drugi pravac je razvoj tur-bomlaznih motora prvenstveno za sisteme bespilotnih lete-lica. Pored ova dva osnovna pravca preduzeće EDePro para-lelno razvija integalne sisteme bespilotnih letelica, vođenemete različitih namena, kao i lake i ultralake letelice(helikoptere i avione).

Raketa R400

Značajan razvojni program predstavlja balistička raketadometa 140 km u kalibru 400 mm. Pogon rakete je raketnimotor sa čvrstim pogonskim punjenjem modularnog tipa.Ova raketa je jedinstveno rešenje u klasi taktičkih raketavelikog dometa i predstavlja savremeno sredstvo za podrškukopnenih snaga.

Turbomlazni motori

Posebno odeljenje preduzeća EDePro bavi se istraživa-njem, razvojem, projektovanjem i proizvodnjom turbom-laznih motora različite konstrukcije i namene. Za potrebuzamene postojećeg agregata na tenku T-72 (M-84) razvijenje turbomotor snage TM-40 snage 40kW. Ovaj turbo motorkoristi ravnopravno više vrsta goriva (benzin, kerozin, dizelgorivo). Osim za navedenu primenu, ovaj turbomotor možese koristiti kao pogonska jednica za različite tipove APU(Auxiliary Power Unit). Preduzeće razvija i turbomlaznimotor TMM-040 MONGOOSE potiska 40 daN, prvenstvenonamenjen za pogon bespilotnih letelica. Ovaj turbomlaznimotor razvija se u low cost tehnologiji izrade čime se postižekonkurentna tržišna cena. Takođe, na ovom motoru prove-rava se koncept gradnje jednovratilnog turbomlaznog moto-ra sa trostepenim aksijalnim kompresorom i jednostepenomturbinom potiska do 500 daN.

Raketni sistem ALAS

Projekat razvoja protivoklopnog sistema poslednje ge-neracije-ALAS u potpunosti je realizovalo preduzeće EDeProna osnovu sopstvenog višegodišnjeg istraživanja na planurazvoja mlazne pogonske grupe (razvoj turbomlaznog moto-ra TMM-040 MONGOOSE), velikog inženjerskog iskustvau projektovanju vazduhoplovnih i raketnih sistema, kao ipraćenja savremenih svetskih trendova razvoja bespilotnihsistema različitih namena. Sam sistem ALAS kategorizovanje kao taktički sistem za podršku dejstva pešadije čije jeosnovno sredstvo savremeni navođeni projektil sa sopstve-nim propulzivnim pogonom. Sistem ALAS namenjen je zaizolaciju bojišta i protivoklopnu borbu na srednjim i velikimdaljinama (do 25km), kao i za dejstva po važnim tačkastimciljevima u dubini teritorije protivnika.Takođe, sistem ALASposeduje mogućnost funkcionisanja u više modova rada.Autonomno navođenje na fiksne ciljeve, aktivno navođenjena izabrani cilj i slobodno pretraživanje terena sa izboromželjenog cilja.Višenamenska funkcija ovog sistema ogleda seu mogućnosti menjanja prioritetnih ciljeva tokom same mi-sije (na bazi odluke operatera) i mogućnosti manevrisanjau zoni dejstva, izmene vrste i tipa bojne glave prema vrsticilja na osnovu visoke modularnosti sekcije korisnog tereta,kao i mogućnosti izbora programirane putanje na osnovuunošenja podataka poznatog cilja i parametara putanjeunošenjem podataka u memoriju on-board računara leta prepočetka same misije. Sistem ALAS poseduje savremeni TVpodsistem za pretraživanje, zahvat ciljeva i navođenje na cilj,dok se komandni signali sa zemlje kao i slika sa TV podsi-stema sa rakete prenose putem optičkog kabla do zemaljskestanice. Sistem ALAS je koncipiran da može da funkcionišekao nezavistan odbrambeno-napadački sistem: za protivo-klopnu borbu, za protivbrodsku borbu kao i za dejstva ponepokrenim ciljevima. Sistem ALAS se lako integriše u većeformacijske jedinice i punu snagu i efikasnost pokazuje usadejstvu sa uvezanim sistemima za izviđanje, od kojih dobi-ja potrebne informacije o lokaciji ciljeva.

competitive market price. Also, this engine is being used totest the concept of a single-shaft turbojet engine, with three-stage axial compressor and a single stage turbine, with thethrust of up to 500 daN.

ALAS Missile System

The project of the development of the last-generationantitank system ALAS is realized completely by EdeProCompany, based on its own several-years long researchin the field of development of jet propulsion group (devel-opment of the TMM-040 MUNGOOSE turbojet engine),long engineering experience in the design of aeronauti-cal and rocket systems, as well as on the following of thelatest world trends in the field of the unmanned systemsfor different applications. The ALAS system itself is cat-egorized as a tactical infantry support system, whose maincomponent is the modern guided missile with its ownpropulsion. The ALAS system is intended for battlefieldisolation and for combat against armored vehicles onmedium and long ranges (up to 25 km), as well as forengagement of important spot targets in the depth of theenemy territory. Additionally, the ALAS system is a mul-timodal system. Autonomous guidance on fixed targets,active guidance on selected targets, and the free searchof the field, with the selection of the desired target. Themultimode function of this system is reflected in the pos-sibility to change the priority targets in the course of themission (based on the decision of the operator), and thepossibility of maneuvering in the zone of action, of changeof the kind and type of the warhead, depending on thetype of the target, which is based on a high level of mod-ularity of warhead section, as well as on the possibility tochoose the programmed trajectory, based on input of thedata on the known target, and trajectory parameters, byinputting data into the memory of the on-board flightcomputer before the execution of the mission. The ALASsystem possesses a modern TV subsystem for search, tar-get acquisition and guidance, while the command signalsfrom the ground, as well as the TV subsystem picture

from the missile, are trans-mitted through an optic cableto the ground station. TheALAS system is envisaged tobe able to operate as an inde-pendent defensive/offensivesystem: in anti-armor com-bat, anti-ship combat, as wellas against static targets. TheALAS system is easy to inte-grate into larger units, and itshows its full strength andefficiency in coordinatedaction with networked recon-naissance systems, whichfeed it with the necessary dataon target locations.

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PPT-Namenska je akcionarsko društvo u sastavuHolding kompanije Industrija hidraulike i pneumatike„Prva Petoletka“-Trstenik. Osnovana je 23.marta 1949.godine kao državno preduzeće za proizvodnju borbenihaviona i aviona za obuku. Nakon formiranja, doneta jeodluka da se avioni proizvode u Mostaru („SOKO“), aPetoletki je povere-na proizvodnjahidroinstalacija istajnih trapova zaavione. Da bi seuposlili svip r o i z v o d n ikapaciteti, fabrikaje proizvodila i dru-gi proizvodi zapotrebe JNA kaošto su: leđni pla-m e n o b a c a č i ,mitraljeska posto-lja, bacači bombi,računari za artilje-rijska oruđa itd.

Petoletka je jačalaslužbe istraživanjai razvoja i značajnoproširila programproizvodnje. Poredproizvodnje za potrebe JNA širila je proizvodnju za civilnenamene, razvijajući hidrauličke i pneumatske uređaje i si-steme za drumska i šinska vozila, poljoprivredne,građevinske, rudarske i druge mašine i procese.

Na temelju tehnološke opremljenosti i stečenih znanja uprojektovanju i proizvodnji stajnih trapova i hidraulike zavojnu primenu, razvijenu su novi programi za civilno tržište.Tako su formirane posebne fabrike u okviru Prve Petoletke

PPT-Namenska is a shareholding company within theHolding Company Hydraulics and Pneumatics «PrvaPetoletka» - Trstenik. It was founded on March 23, 1949as a state enterprise built to manufacture combat andtrainer aircraft. Upon its forming, the government decid-ed that aircraft would be produced in Mostar („SOKO“)

and PPT wasentrusted withmanufacture of air-craft hydraulicinstallations andlanding gear. Inorder to employ allits productioncapacities, the fac-tory undertook pro-duction of a varietyof products for the

needs of theY u g o s l a vPeople's Army,such as back-pack flamet h r o w e r s ,machine gunstands, grenadelaunchers, cal-culators for

artillery weapons, etc.Petoletka engaged to strengthen its research and devel-

opment services and broaden its manufacturing range. Inaddition to producing for the YPA needs, it expanded itsproduction for civil markets by developing hydraulic andpneumatic equipment for road vehicles and railways, foragricultural, civil engineering, mining machinery andprocesses.

MODERNAFABRIKA

ŠIROKOGPROIZVODNOG

PROGRAMAI VELIKIH

MOGUĆNOSTI

MODERNFACTORY WITHWIDEMANUFACTURINGPROGRAMAND GREATCAPABILITIES

PišeAna Vasilev

Milenko Beloica

ByAna VasilevMilenko Beloica

HYDRAULICS AND PNEUMATICS INDUSTRY„PRVA PETOLETKA“ – TRSTENIKPPT – NAMENSKA A.D.

INDUSTRIJA HIDRAULIKE I PNEUMATIKE„PRVA PETOLETKA“ – TRSTENIK

PPT – NAMENSKA a.d.

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TEHNOLOŠKA OPREMLJENOST ITEHNOLOŠKE MOGUĆNOSTI

PPT-Namenska poseduje savremen mašinski park, dobroopremljene ispitne i metrološke laboratorije za proizvodnjunajsloženijih uređaja i sistema za vojno i civilno tržište.

Mašinska obrada u PPT-Namenska predstavlja skladanspoj visoko obrazovanih stručnih radnika i mašinskog pa-rka prema aktuelnom stanju tehnike u svetu. Za svakutehnološku obradu koju zahtevaju savremeni hidraulički ipneumatički uređaji, na raspolaganju je širok izbor mašinaza struganje, glodanje, bušenje, proširivanje, okruglo, ravnoi kopirno brušenje, lepovanje, honovanje, provlačenje, kali-brisanje, rolovanje, sačmarenje, zavarivanje (autogeno, elek-trolučno i pomoću trenja), elektroeroziju i td. Samo jedanmanji deo su precizne univerzalne mašine konvencionalnogtipa, dok su veći broj NC i CNC mašine.

Obradni centri različitih tipova koriste se za obradu ko-rpusnih delova sa velikom tačnošću. Ekstremno visokatačnost kod pojedinih delova ostvaruje se samo ukoliko seproizvodnja odvija u klimatizovanim uslovima. Zbog togajedan broj mašina u PPT-Namenskoj radi u specijalnoopremljenim prostorima u kojima je moguće temperaturumašine, rashladnog sredstva, radnog komada, alata i pribo-ra održavati stalno na 20°C. U prvom redu, u takvim uslovi-ma izvodi se precizno ravno, okruglo i kopirno brušenje,koordinatno bušenje i brušenje, CNC glodanje i bušenje,honovanje i lepovanje i uparivanje, montaža i ispitivanje se-rvorazvodnika.

Proizvodnja hidrauličkih i pneumatičkih uređaja i sistemane bi bila moguća bez odgovarajućih postupaka termičkeobrade i galvanske zaštite. Najveći deo savremenih tehno-lo-ških postupaka iz ove oblasti već godinama se vrlo uspešnokoristi i razvija u PPT-Namenska. Tako su u primeni mekoi normalizacijsko žarenje, poboljšanje, kaljenje u sonomkupatilu, zaštitnom gasu i vakuumu, indukciono kaljenje,cementacija i karbonitriranje u gasu, kratkotrajno i dugo-trajno gasno nitriranje, nitriranje po Tenifer postupku i bori-ranje u prahu. Postojeća oprema ispunjava najstrožije zahtevedomaćih i svetskih standarda. U oblasti galvanskih prevla-ka razvijeni su postupci hromiranja, niklovanja, cinkovanja,

Based on technological dedication and expertise acquiredin design ad manufacture of landing gear and hydraulics formilitary aircraft, new programs for commercial markets weredeveloped as well. Special plants were established withinPrva Petoletka for production of hydraulics, industrial andbraking system pneumatics, power actuators, sealing com-ponents, tools, industrial electronics, articulated joints andother products. With expansion of the manufacturing range,new facilities were built and employment was provided toincreasing numbers of workers. The products of PrvaPetoletka attained the world-class quality and the Companyused to and continues to achieve significant export sales forits products.

Numerous products developed at Prva Petoletka weregranted for production by other factories; even new facto-ries were erected to produce them. So, for example, indus-trial vacuum cleaners, reduction gear and super-finisherswere granted to Equipment and Parts Factory in Brus (1963),hydraulic lifts to Univerzal of Banja Luka (1963), hydraulicbrakes for automobiles to '21 October' in Kragujevac (1964),piping to 'Fadip' in Novi Bečej (1964), tractor hydraulicpumps to IMT of Belgrade (1964), hydraulic shock absorbersto 'Shock Absorbers Factory' in Priština (1964-1967), imple-ments to Implements Factory in Aleksandrovac (1964),hydraulic components to a factory in Novi Pazar (1981), spe-cial-purpose components to a factory in Bijelo Polje (1983)and articulated joints to a factory in Leposavić (1988).

PPT-Namenska has expanded its manufacturing range sothat presently it is a factory well equipped with machines,laboratories and other facilities, employing skilled work force.PTT-Namenska, one of 18 shareholding companies withinthe Holding Company 'Prva Petoletka' has at its disposalabout 49,000 m2 of business area, over 400 machines and810 workers; it turns our high-quality products for thedomestic but predominantly for international markets.

TECHNOLOGICAL OUTFIT AND TECHNOLOGI-CAL CAPABILITIES

PPT-Namenska possess modern machines and well-equipped laboratories and metrology labs needed to produceand test most complex equipment and systems built fordefense and commercial markets.

Machining processes at PPT-Namenska comprise a well-matched interface of highly skilled workers and machines,in keeping with state of the art in the world. For every tech-nological operation requisite for advanced hydraulic andpneumatic equipment, there are available varied turning,milling, drilling, boring, round, flat and copy grinding, lap-ping, honing, broaching, calibrating, rolling, pelting, weld-ing (gas, arc, friction), chemical etching, etc. machines.Conventional precision universal machine tools compriseonly small portion of production equipment, most of equip-ment consists of NC and CNC machines.

Different types of processing centers are used to machinecasings with high precision. Extreme accuracy of certaincomponents is achievable only in clean air-conditionedrooms. For this reason a number of machines at PPT-Namenska are located in specially equipped rooms wheremachine, cooling liquid, work piece, tools and accessoriesoperate in constantly kept temperature of 20oC. This envi-ronment is primarily used for flat, round and copy precision

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bruniranja fosfatiranja. Kontrola kvaliteta i u ovoj oblastiostvaruje se na najsavremenijim aparatima u toku odvija-nja i po završenom procesu.

Prostorije za montažu uređaja su posebno obezbeđenetako da omogućuju besprekorno održavanje čistoće. Pojedinaodeljenja za montažu specifičnih uređaja, kao što su oni zavazduhoplovstvo, imaju potpuno kontrolisanu i klimatizo-vanu atmosferu.

PPT-Namenska ima opremu za ispitivanje i kontroluproizvedenih uređaja i sistema u fazi razvoja (homologaci-je) i serijske proizvodnje u skladu sa MIL standardima, kaošto su: probni stolovi za funkcionalna ispitivanja hidrauli-čkih, pneumatskih i gorivnih uređaja i sistema; probni stoloviza ispitivanje stajnih trapova (bacanja, udari, zamor i tra-jnost); laboratorija za ispitivanje kočnica, guma i točkovaaviona; probni stolovi za ispitivanje na udare, vibracije,ubrzanje.

Pored klasične kontrolne opreme, PPT-Namenska ima ilaserski merni sistem, trokoordinatne merne mašine, pro-filprojektore, konturografe, mikroskope.

PPT-Namenska poseduje metrološku laboratoriju zaproveru kontrolne opreme, za pritisak i dužinu, kao i ko-ntrolnu opremu za proveru strukture materijala, hemijskogsastava i mehaničkih karakteristika i laboratoriju za proveručistoće ulja prema standardima ISO, MIL i DIN.

PROIZVODNI PROGRAM

PPT-Namenska projektuje, konstruiše, proizvodi, ispitu-je, servisira i remontuje uređaje i sisteme iz oblastihidraulike, pneumatike, procesne tehnike i servotehnike zapotrebe vojske i civilnog tržišta, vrši usluge proizvodnje ure-đaja i sistema, po zahtevima domaćih i stranih kupaca.

Proizvodni program PPT-Namenska obuhvata proizvodeza potrebe vojske, proizvode za procesnu tehniku, proizvodeiz oblasti servotehnike i ostale proizvode.

milling, for CNC grinding and drilling, honing, lapping andpairing, for assembling and testing of servo actuators.

Production of hydraulic and pneumatic equipment is notpossible without appropriate heat and surface protectiontreatments. Majority of modern technological processes havebeen successfully used by PPT-Namenska for many years.Thus used are soft and normalization glowing, improving,salt bath, protective gas and vacuum hardening, inductionhardening, gas cementing and carbonating, short and long-term gas nitrating, Tenifer process nitrating and powderboring. The equipment in use meets the strictest domesticand international standards. Galvanic coating processesinclude chromium, nickel and zinc plating, blueing and phos-phating. Quality control is assured with most modern devices,applied during and after completed processes.

Equipment assembly rooms are specially protected forfaultless cleanliness. Certain departments where criticalunits, such as aircraft equipment, are assembled are pro-vided with clean air and air conditioning.

PPT-Namenska possesses test and control equipment forfinished products and systems, for homologation in devel-opment and control during production run, according toMIL standards, including test benches for functional test-ing of hydraulic, pneumatic and fuel supply equipment andsystems; landing gear test stand (drop, jolt, fatigue,endurance); aircraft brake, wheel and tire testing rig; testbenches for jolt, vibration and acceleration testing.

In additional to conventional control equipment PPT-Namenska also employs laser measuring system, 3-coodi-nate measuring machines, profile projectors, contour graphsand microscopes.

PPT-Namenska owns metrological laboratory for inspec-tion of control equipment in respect of pressure and length,as well as control equipment for structure of materials, chem-ical composition and mechanical properties, and fuel test-ing laboratory according to ISO, MIL and DIN specifica-tions.

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Proizvodi za potrebe vojske obuh-vataju proizvodnju za vazduho-plovstvo, KOV i mornaricu.

Vazduhoplovstvo: Stajni trapoviza avione (nosni i glavni), amortiz-eri, kočnice hidrauličke brave,pumpe (hidraulične i gorivne),hidromotori, servopokretači za pri-marne i sekundarne komande leta,razvodnici, ventili, filteri, hidroaku-mulatori, cilindri, slavine, spojnice,rezervoari, priključci, pneumatskisistemi i instalacije, hidrauličkiagregati i dizalice itd.; elektropneumatski i elektrohidrauličkisistemi za rakete (Grom, REHS).

KOV: Tenkovski program (tenk M-84(T-72); tenk T-55;vozila:BRDM-2; BVP-M80A; BOV): elektrohidraulički si-stem za upravljanje vatrom po elevaciji i pravcu, hidraulič-ki sistem za upravljanjem tenkom i podmazivanje trans-misije, hidrauličke pumpe menjača, hidraulički sistem zapodmazivanje motora, pneumatski sistem sabijenog va-zduha, hidraulički amortizer, komponente sistema za hlađen-je, komponente za gorivo, cilindri, razvodnici, kočni cilin-dri, cilindar pomoćnih točkova, odušni ventil, pneumatskiservouređa. Tenkovski program obuhvata još proizvodnjudelova za protivavionski top (Galileo i Bofors) i to elektro-hidraulički sistem za upravljanje vatrom po elevaciji i pravcu,kompletan sistem hidraulike i pneumatike za raketne lansere

„Orkan“ i „Košava“, kao i minobacače MB 60mm; MB 82mmi MB 120mm. Pored toga, PPT-Namenska proizvodi i radina modernizaciji i razvoju novih minobacača.

Mornarica: PPT Namenska proizvodi elektrohidrauličkisistem kormilarenja, elektrohidrauličk sistem za lanser rake-ta (sistem „Krma“), komponente hidrauličkih sistemadomaćih i ino podmornica, remont sistema i druge kompo-nente za brodove PN-27, DBM, PČ, VPBR.

MANUFACTURINGPROGRAM

PPT-Namenska designs, builds,produces, tests, services and over-hauls hydraulic, pneumatic, pro-cessing and servo equipment andsystems designed for military andgeneral applications, it also offersmanufacturing of equipment andsystems against specifications ofdomestic and foreign customers.Manufacturing program of PPT-Namenska comprises products forthe military, processing equipment,

power actuated equipment and other products.Products intended for military applications include pro-

duction for Air Force, Land Forces and Navy.

Air Force: Aircraft landing gear (both nose and main),shock absorbers, brakes, hydraulic lock brakes, pumps(hydraulic and fuel), hydraulic motors, servo actuators forprimary and secondary flight controls, distributors, valves,filters, hydro accumulators, cylinders, cocks, couplings, tanks,connectors, pneumatic systems and installations, hydraulicgenerators and lifts, etc.; electro-pneumatic and electrohydraulic systems for rockets (Grom, REHS).

Land Forces: Tank program (M-84/T-72 tanks); T-55tank; armored vehicles (BRDM-2; BVP-M80A; BOV): elec-tro hydraulic fire control system in elevation and azimuth,tank hydraulic steering system and transmission lubrica-tion, gearbox hydraulic pumps, hydraulic engine lubricat-ing system, compressed air pneumatic system, hydraulicshock absorber, engine cooling system components, fuelsystem components, cylinders, distributors, braking cylin-ders, compensating wheel cylinder, venting valve, pneumaticservo unit. Tank program also includes production ofreplacement parts for anti-aircraft guns (Galileo, Bofors),specifically for elevation and azimuth electro-hydraulic sys-tems; complete hydraulic and pneumatic systems for mobilemissile launchers «Orkan» and «Košava»; hydraulics for mor-tars MB 60mm, MB 82mm and MB 120mm. In addition,PPT-Namenska manufactures, upgrades and develops newmortars.

Navy: PPT Namenska produces electro hydraulic ruddersystems, electro hydraulic system for rocket launchers(„Krma“), hydraulic components for domestic and foreign-built submarines, for overhaul, and makes various compo-nents for ships type PN-27, DBM, PČ, and VPBR.

Products for processing industries include the following:machines for production of blown plastic containers,machines for injected plastic products, bottle rinsingmachines, filling machines for mineral and cooking oils,beer, mineral water, liquid detergents, etc.; single and mul-tihead closing machines for bottles with screwed caps,machines for bottle labeling, packing and transporting,machines for forming and closing of cardboard boxes,machines for packing in shrinking thermo foil, palletizers,bottle inspection machines and numerous other machinesof different capacities, as well as tools for plastics injectingand extruding.

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NProizvodi za procesnu tehniku obuhvataju sledećeproizvode: mašine za proizvodnju duvane plastične amba-laže, mašine za brizganje proizvoda od plastike, mašine zaispiranje flaša, punilice za mineralna i jestiva ulja, pivo, kiseluvodu, tečne deterdžente itd., zatim zatvaračice za navojnezatvarače sa jednom i više glava, etiketirke, upakivače,usmerivače boca, mašine za formiranje i zatvaranje karton-skih kutija, mašine za pakovanje u termo skupljajuću foliju,paletizere, mašine za kontrolu ispravnosti boca i drugemašine u više veličina i varijanti, kao i alate za duvanu i bri-zganu plastiku i ekstrudere.

Proizvodi iz oblasti servotehnike: Razvoj servorazvodni-ka u PPT-Namenska otpočeo jepre tridesetak godina. Od tada dodanas stečeno je značajno iskust-vo u ovoj oblasti tehnike zahvalju-jući čemu PPT-Namenskaproizvodi više tipova i varijanti ser-vorazvodnika, međusobno različi-tih po gabaritnim i priključnimmerama i po statičkim idinamičkim karakteristikama. Uproizvodnom programu nalaze sejednostepeni, dvostepeni i troste-peni servorazvodnici kao, naprimer, elektrohidraulički servo-razvodnici za regulaciju protoka(serija A, B, B31, D, G, H, E),elektrohidraulički se-rvorazvodnici za regulaciju pritiska(serija PA, PD), trostepeni elektrohidraulički servorazvod-nici, hidraulički i ele-ktrohidraulički servopokretači i ser-vosistemi za regulaciju položaja, brzine i sile.

Obzirom na iskustvo stručnjaka PPT-Namenska i napostignut nivo tehnološkog razvoja, vreme potrebno za osva-janje proizvodnje novih tipova servorazvodnika svedeno jena svega nekoliko meseci. Na zahtev kupca za vrlo kratkovreme se mogu osvojiti i specijalni tipovi servorazvodnikakod kojih jedna ili više karakteristika odstupa od standa-rdnih vrednosti.

Izmedju ostalih osvojena je proizvodnja minijaturnog se-rvorazvodnika serije A koji tehnološki predstavlja jedan odnajsloženijih proizvoda iz ove oblasti, a koristi se kod pri-marnih komandi leta borbenih aviona. Gabaritne i priključnemere , kao i dinamičke i statičke karakteristike su u skladusa standardom SAE ARP 490 E. Njegov kvalitet i pouzdanostu radu već su dokazani prvo kroz homologaciju, a zatim i urealnim uslovima rada.

Napravljeni su i određeni koraci u osvajanju nove gen-eracije servorazvodnika. Radi se o direktno upravl-janom jednostepenom servorazvodniku sa četiriupravljačke ivice motorom (DDV) i direktnoupravljanom jednostepenom servorazvodnikusa osam upravljačkih ivica (DDV).

Ostali proizvodi: U poslednjihdesetak godina u PPT-Namenskapoklanja se velika pažnja razvo-ju i proizvodnji vazdušnihsportsko-lovačkih pušaka zastrano tržište. Razvijeno je i ser-ijski se proizvodi više tipova i var-ijanti ovih pušaka raznih karakteris-

Servo technique products: Development of servo distrib-utors was initiated at PPT-Namenska thirty years ago. Sincethen, valuable experience in this field has been gained sothat PPT-Namenska currently produces several types andversions of servo distributors, of different dimensions andconnector sizes and of different static and dynamic perfor-mance. Manufacturing range includes single-step, two-stepand three-step servo distributors such as, for example, elec-tro hydraulic servo distributors for flow regulation (seriesA, B, B31, D, G, H, E), electro hydraulic servo distributorsfor pressure regulation (series PA, PD), three-step electrohydraulic servo distributors, hydraulic and electro hydraulic

servo starters and position, speedand force regulating servo sys-tems.With this vast experience of PPT-Namenska engineers andachieved advanced level of eth-nology, time needed to developand place in production new typesof servo distributors has beenreduced to several months only.Upon request from customers, itis possible to develop, in very shorttime, special servo distributorswith one or more specificationparameters different from stan-dard values.

Among other products, the Company has acquired pro-duction of miniature servo distributor series A which is tech-nologically one of the most complex items in the field andwhich is used in the system of primary flight controls oncombat aircraft. Dimensions and connectors, dynamic andstatic specifications of this product are according to SAEARP 490 E. The quality and reliability of these products wasproven in homologation and in actual service.

Development is under way to acquire the next generationof servo distributors. The product in question is a directlycontrolled single step servo distributor with four motor-con-trolled edges (DDV) and directly controlled single-step ser-vo distributor with eight motor-controlled edges (DDV).

Other products: In last decade,PPT-Namenska had directed con-

siderable efforts to develop andmanufacture air rifles andsporting rifles for foreign mar-

kets. A number of types and versions of these armswere developed and are in series production, fea-turing different characteristics and design. In addi-

tion to multi-purpose police rifle (XCRG-MSRG)which is in series production, development is under way

of new rifle for the same application that should offerimproved performance characteristics.

Production run at PPT-Namenska also includes air rifles(S-16; S-16x; AGS, BR1), multi-purpose police rifle MSRG-38 (firing tear as, rubber bullets and flares), componentsand sub-assemblies for printing industry (printing of cur-rency bills and newspapers), clamping and accessory toolsfor machine tools, destined for domestic and foreign mar-kets.

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tika i dizajna. Pored višenamenske puške za policiju (XCRG-MSRG) koja se serijski proizvodi, radi se na razvoju novepuške iste namene, ali koja bi trebala da bude boljih karak-teristika.

U serijskoj proizvodnji PPT-Namenska su još vazdušnepuške (S-16; S-16x; AGS, BR1), puške za policiju, višena-menske MSRG-38 (za suzavac, gumene metke, svetlećerakete), delovi i podsklopovi za grafičke mašine (za šta-mpanje novca i novinskih publikacija), stezni i pomoćni alatiza mašine alatke za domaće i strano tržište.

AKTUELNI PROIZVODI IRAZVOJNI PROJEKTI

Koristeći postojeće tehnološke mogućnos-ti, potencijale stručnog kadra u oblastiistraživanja i razvoja, a uz saradnju sastručnim službama kupaca, stalno se razvi-jaju novi proizvodi i usavršavaju postojećikoji imaju tražnju na domaćem i stranomtržištu.

U periodu 2000 – 2006 PPT Namenska jerazvila stajni trap, brave, upornice i kom-ponente hidroinstalacije aviona Lasta 95,homologovala rešenja i proizvela komplete za ugradnju nadve prototipske letelice.

Lasta 95 je avion nove generacije započetnu i osnovnu obuku, razvijen daomogući visok nivo obuke i lak prelazna naprednu obuku na bilo komavionu. Stajni trapovi ove letelice sutipa poluge-klackalice sa gasno uljn-im amortizerima na nosnoj i glavnojnozi. Projektovani su u saradnji saVojno-tehničkim institutom, Žarko-vo, u skladu sa standardima FAR 23,vojnim standardima vojske Srbije iMIL standardima. Prva ispitivanja uletu aviona Lasta 95 planirana su za 2007. godinu.

CURRENT PRODUCTS AND DEVELOPMENTPROJECTS

Utilization of available technological base, of humanresources' potential in the field of research and developmentand cooperation with specialist services of customers resultin constant development of new products and upgrading ofexisting lines that are in demand in the domestic and for-eign markets.

In the period 2000 – 2006, PPT-Namenska had developedlanding gear, locks, struts and hydraulic installation com-

ponents for Lasta 95 aircraft, which passedthe homologation and sets were manu-factured for fitting in two aircraft proto-types.Lasta 95 is a new generation aircraft for ini-tial and basic training, developed to ensurehigh level of piloting skills and easy trans-fer to advanced training on any aircraft inservice. Landing gear for this aircraft con-sists of rocker struts with gas/oil shockabsorbers for nose and main wheels.Landing gear was designed in cooperationwith Air-Technical Institute, Žarkovo with

application of FAR 23 standards, Serbian Military Standardsand MIL specs. First flight tests ofLasta 95 are planned for year 2007.

Upon request from a foreign cus-tomer, PPT-Namenska had devel-oped and has in series productionaircraft hydraulic pumps andhydraulic motors of improved char-acteristics; a piston-axial pump ofhigher speed (4000-7000 r.p.m.),specific flow of 2.4 cm3/o and ofextremely compact dimensions forits rated pressure of 210 bar; as wellas a piston-axial hydraulic motor with

minimum stable speed of 0,8±0,3 r.p.m., maximum spin-ning speed of 8000 r.p.m. and specific flow rare of 6 – 13cm3/o.

Upon special requests from customers, there were devel-oped several types of electro-hydraulic servo actuators,designed for hydraulics in test benches, aircraft and rock-ets. These actuators are designed as compact units com-prising integrated linear inductive position and/or speedsensor in its piston rod and electro-hydraulic servo distrib-utor of high dynamic performance. These units are charac-terized by high quality of execution, low friction and preci-sion functioning.

PPT-Namenska enjoys significant, broad cooperation withexpert teams of Jugimport-SDPR in the field of modern-ization and development of new equipment and systems,such as, mortars (cal. 60mm of lightweight construction andextended range, calibers 81mm, 82mm, 120mm), tank M84AB1 (featuring upgraded hydraulic and pneumatic compo-nents and systems, upgraded shock absorbers, camera lift-ing device, etc.), self-propelled gun-howitzer NORA-B52cal. 155mm (upgraded breechblock and breach, new bar-rel, new automatic loader comprising projectile feed and

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Nnim stabilnim brojem obrtaja 0,8±0,3 o/min, maksimalnimbrojem obrataja od 8000o/min i specifičnim protokom 6 do13 cm3/o.

Po specijalnim zahtevima kupca razvijeno je više tipovaelektrohidrauličkih servoaktuatora sa primenom uhidrauličkim sistemima probnih stolova, aviona i raketa. Oviaktuatori su konstruktivno rešeni kao kompaktne jedinicesa integrisanim linearnim induktivnim davačem položaja i/ilibrzine u klipnjači i elektrohidrauličkim servorazvodnikomvisokih dinamičkih mogućnosti. Odlikuju se visokim kvalite-tom izrade, malim trenjem i preciznom funkcionalnošću.

PPT-Namenska ima značajnu i veoma dobru saradnju sastručnim ekipama Jugimport-SDPR u oblasti modernizaci-je i razvoja novih uređaja i sistema kao što su, na primer,minobacači (60mm lake konstrukcije, produženog dometa,81mm, 82mm, 120mm), tenk M84 AB1 (modernizacijahidrauličkih i pneumatskih uredjaja i sistema, amortizera,sistema za podizanje kamere i dr.) i NORA-B52 – samo-hodna top-haubica kalibra 155mm (modernizovan zadnjaki zatvarač, nova cev, sistem za automatsko punjenje sasta-vljen od donosača projektila i donosača barutnog punjenja,mehanizam za opaljenje i dr.), SH3 – Modernizovana haubi-ca 105mm (izrada modernizacionog seta: zadnjak, zatvarač,cevi, gasna kočnica i ostalih pratećih elemenata).U PPT-Namenskoj proizvode se i razvijaju najsloženiji uređaji i sis-temi sa veoma strogim tehničkim zahtevima, što zahteva vrlokvalitetne materijale i uske tolerancije izrade. Svi proizvodise detaljno ispituju i homologuju prema zahtevima svetskihstandarda (MIL, ARP, GOST i td.) što govori da su proizvo-di razvijeni u PPT-Namenska nivoa i kvaliteta poznatih svet-skih proizvođača. Ovo se potvrđuje i proizvodima koje PPT-Namenska trenutno realizuje za strane kupce, a koji u sve-mu odgovaraju navedenim svetskim standardima.

Zahvaljujući dostignutom nivou kvaliteta svojih proizvo-da, PPT-Namenska je ostvarila saradnju sa nekoliko vodećihsvetskih firmi iz oblasti avioindustrije. PPT-Namenska jedobila sertifikat firme BOEING za proizvodnju i isporukudelova i uredjaja za ugradnju u civilne avione prema njihovimzahtevima i standardima.

Pored američke firme BOEING, PPT-Namenska je ost-varila značajnu saradnju sa još nekoliko značajnih vaz-duhoplovnih firmi i to MOOG (SAD), Aviostar, Motostroitelj,IL (Rusija), SHL – IAI (Izrael), Messier – Hispano i Lucas(Francuska).

Stručni kadar i dobra tehnološka opremljenost PPTNamensku preporučuju kao pouzdanog partnera za sarad-nju u svim navedenim oblastima.

international standards (MIL, ARP, GOST, etc.) that assurequality standards on par with the most reputed world man-ufacturers. This is testified by the products, currently man-ufactured at PPT-Namenska for foreign buyers, which ful-ly meet the above stated world standards.

Owing to the attained level of quality of its products, PPT-Namenska enjoys cooperation with several leading compa-nies of the world aviation industry. PPT-Namenska is cer-tified supplier for Boeing Aircraft Co. for the supply of com-ponents and equipment for fitting in civil airliners accord-ing to specifications and standards of that manufacturer.

In addition to Boeing, PPT-Namenska has achieved sig-nificant cooperation with several other important aviationcompanies, including MOOG (USA), Aviostar,Motostroitelj, IL (Russia) , SHL – IAI (Israel), Messier –Hispano and Lucas (France).

Expertise of its human resources and appropriate level ofits technical outfitting recommend PPT-Namenska for reli-able partners in cooperation in all above described areas.

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Tehnički Remontni Zavod Kragujevac (TRZK) jespecijalizovana, savremeno opremljena vojna ustanovau sastavu Ministarstva odbrane Republike Srbije, savisoko razvijenom tehnologijom i iskustvom od56.godina rada na generalnom i tehničkom održa-vanju ubojnih sredstava (UbS) za potrebeoružanih snaga. TRZK jedini na teritoriji Srbije,a nekada i SFRJ, ima zaokružen sistem održa-vanja UbS. Kroz kontrolna ispitivanja i ispitiva-nja hemijske stabilnosti baruta vrši se nadzorkvaliteta uskladištenih UbS,od municije za ličnonaoružanje preko artilje-rijske municije svih kalibara,mina svih vrsta, donevođenih raketa za više-cevne lansere, a na osnovudobijenih rezultata predlažei realizuje njihovo održa-vanje.

Osnova poslovne politikenalazi u Deklaraciji o politi-ci kvaliteta u kojoj se kažesledeće: Tehnički RemontniZavod će, u saglasnosti saposlovnom politikomZavoda, usmeravati svojeaktivnosti ka obezbeđenju istalnom unapređenjukvaliteta radi ispunjavanja zahte-va kupaca i korisnika usluga ipoboljšanja performansi orga-nizacije. Kvalitet proizvoda iusluga, uz povećanu efikasnosti ekonomičnost poslovanja,predstavlja najznačajniji prio-ritet Zavoda.

Smatramo da je način da se u tome uspe osvojiti procesposlovne izvrsnosti i to je suština naše strategije. Želimo danas i dalje znaju po pouzdanosti i kvalitetu naših tradi-cionalnih proizvoda i usluga, ali i da se nametnemo tržištunovim i još boljim. Standard kvaliteta JUS ISO 9001:2001 iSNO 9010:2005 uveden je 2005. godine i sertifikovan sistemmenadžmenta kvalitetom (QMS) od strane akreditovanogsertifikacionog tela Ministarstva Odbrane Sektora za mate-rijalne resurse Uprave za odbrambene tehnologije. Stalan

The Technical Repair Facility Kragujevac (TRFK) isa specialized military facility with up-to-date equipment

and machinery within the complement of the Ministryof Defense of the Republic of Serbia, with highlydeveloped technology and 56 years of experience inoperations on general repair and technical mainte-nance of live ordnance (LO) for the requirementsof armed forces. TRFK is unique in the territory of

Serbia, as was once in the territory of the formerSFRY, and has an integrated system of LO mainte-

nance. Through control testsand testing of chemical sta-bility of powder, the quality ofstored LO is monitored, rang-ing from the ammunition forsmall arms through artilleryammunition of all calibers,mines/grenades of all kinds,to unguided rockets for mul-tiple rocket launchers and, onthe basis of the resultsobtained, their maintenanceis proposed and realized.

The rationale of our businesspolicy is contained in theDeclaration on the QualityPolicy, which stipulates thefollowing: the TechnicalRepair Facility shall, in line

with the business policy of the Facility, streamline its activi-ties to ensure and continuously improve the quality for thepurpose of meeting the requirements of the clients and usersof services and upgrading of the performances of the organi-zation. The quality of products and services, with increasedcost-effectiveness and business efficiency, represents the firstpriority of the Facility.

We deem that the method to succeed in this it to master theprocess of business excellence and that is the core of our strat-egy. We want to continue to be renowned for reliability andquality of our traditional products and services, but also toimpose ourselves upon the market with new and even betterones. The quality standards JUS ISO 9001:2001 and SNO9010:2005 were introduced in 2005 and the QualityManagement System (QMS) was certified by the accreditedcertification body of the Ministry of Defense, the MaterialResources Sector (MRS) of the Defense Technologies

TEHNIČKIREMONTNI

ZAVOD

THE TECHNICALREPAIR FACILITYKRAGUJEVAC

PišuMarketing TehničkogRemontnog Zavoda

ByMarketing of the TechnicalRepair Facility

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Nnapor menadžmenta usmeren je ka tomeda se Poslovnik o kvalitetu i Deklaracijao politici kvaliteta shvate kao neopho-dna suština poslovnog ponašanja svihzaposlenih.

VOJNI program: Vremenom UbS gubesvoje početne karakteristike usled hemi-jskih i mehaničkih oštećenja, ili zastare-vaju usled pojave i uvođenja savremeni-jih UbS.

TRZK realizuje aktivnosti iz domenaodržavanja UbS, praćenja stanja, labo-ratorijska ispitivanja hemijske stabilnostibaruta i raketnih goriva, poligonskih ba-lističkih ispitivanja, tehničkog održavanja(Tehnički pregled UbS, čišćenje i zašti-ta, kompletiranje i prepakivanje, delab-oracija, uništavanje UbS i njihovih ele-menata, obuka za tehničko održavanje...),generalno održavanje UbS.

Takođe, TRZK izrađuje UbSpomoćne namene: vežbovna, maneva-rska, školska, opitna. Ova UbS sunamenjena za vežbanje, obuku i izvođen-je pojedinih vrsta ispitivanja UbS ili nje-govih elemenata, oružja, oruđa, lanserai drugih sistema.

Održavanje UbS na lokaciji naručio-ca: Opremljeni smo specijalnim prenos-nim alatima i pokretnom radionicom zaremont municije. Po zahtevu, našespecijalizovane ekipe izvršiće tehničkipregled, analizirati, obraditi podatke ostanju UbS i otkloniti neispravnosti.

Remont UbS instaliranjempokretnihradionica: Radionica pokretna RK-M85 predstavlja savre-meno rešenje sistema za kvalitetno održavanje klasičnih UbSna terenu i poljskim uslovima. Zbog svoje fleksibilnosti i vrlovelike mogućnosti prilagođavanja, od najjednostavnijih donajsloženijih zahteva remonta UbS, radionica omogućavaekonomičnije održavanje UbS.

Sanacija mesta masovnih eksplozija: U slučaju nesreća imasovnih eksplozija u skladištima UbS kada, po pravilu,dolazi do ozbiljnije kontaminacije neeksplodiranim UbS,nudimo uslugu potpune sanacije zemljišnog prostora.Posedujemo veliko dugogodišnje iskustvo u obavljanju ovihkrajnje složenih i rizičnih operacija.

Izrada elemenata UbS i alata i uređaja za održavanje UbS:U saradnji sa VTI osvojili smo izradu niza elemenata UbSod kojih ističemo: generator gasa za metak 130 mm i 155mm, izradu elemenata bombe ručne, detonatorske pojačnikeza mine 82 mm i 120 mm (od TNT i flegmatizovanog he-ksogena), izradu ambalaže za mikro pakovanja (upaljač, bo-mba detonator). Ističemo da su skoro svi alati i uređaji kojise koriste u procesu održavanja UbS naš proizvod.

Inženjering u delatnosti održavanja UbS. Za potrebenaručioca vršimo projektovanje i izradu alata i uređaja zaodržavanje UbS, kompletnih tehnoloških linija, kao i prenostehnologije, stručnu pomoć i nadzor.

Department. Permanent efforts of the ma-nagement are concentrated on having theQuality Rulebook and the Declaration onthe Quality Policy understood as the indis-pensable essence of the business conductof all the employees.DEFENSE program: In time, LO loosesthe initial characteristics due to the chem-ical and mechanical damages, or becomesobsolete due to emergence and launchingof more advanced LO.TRFK is engaged in the activities from thearea of LO maintenance, monitoring of thestate, laboratory testing of chemical stabil-ity of powder and rocket fuels, range bal-listic tests (Technical inspection of LO,cleaning and conservation, reassembly, andrepacking, deactivation, destruction of LOand their elements, training in technicalmaintenance, etc.), general overhaul of LO.Additionally, TRFK manufactures LO forsecondary purposes: drill, blank, practice,test ammunition. These types of LO areintended for exercises, training, and carry-ing out of certain types of tests of LO orelements thereof, weapons, artillery pieces,launchers, and other systems.LO Maintenance at the client’s site/insta-llation: We are equipped with specialportable tools and with a mobile workshopfor overhaul of ammunition. At request, ourspecialized teams will perform technicalinspection, analyze, process the data on thestate of LO and eliminate the deficiencies.Overhaul of LO by settingupmobilework-

shops:The mobile workshop RK-M85 represents an advancedsolution of the system for quality maintenance of convention-al LO on the site and in field conditions. Due to its flexibilityand particularly large adaptability to the requirements of LOrepair, from the simplest to the most complex ones, the work-shop enables us to maintain LO cost-effectively.

Clearing of places of mass explosions: In case of accidentsand large-scale explosions in LO stores which, as a rule, causeserious contamination with UXO, we offer the services of co-mplete clearing of the land. We have a large long-term expe-rience in carrying out such extremely complex and risky ope-rations.

Manufacture of LO elements and tools and equipment forLO maintenance: In cooperation with the Military TechnicalInstitute, we have mastered the manufacture of a series of LOelements of which we would point to: gas generators for 130mm and 155 mm rounds, manufacture of the elements of handbomb, detonator boosters for 82 mm and 120 mm grenades(of TNT and phlegmatized hexogen), manufacture ofpackaging for micro packing (fuse, bomb, detonator). We pointout that almost all the tools and equipment used in the processof LO maintenance are our own products.

Engineering in the activity of LO maintenance. For therequirements of the customer, we design and manufacturetools and equipment for LO maintenance, complete produc-tion lines, as well as transfer the technology, provide techni-cal assistance and supervision.

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Veliko iskustvo koje TRZK ima u realizaciji svih nivoaodržavanja UbS, kao i razvijeni kapaciteti za projektovanje iizradu alata i uređaja koji su namenjeni za ove specifičnetehnološke procese, omogućili su da možemo ponuditikvalitetan inženjering u ovoj stručnoj oblasti.

Projektovanje i izrada alata, uređaja i mašina za održa-vanje UbS: Kadrovski smo potpuno osposobljeni za proje-ktovanje i izradu alata, uređaja i mašina za održavanje UbS.

Prenos tehnologije, stručna pomoć i nadzor: Tehničkoodržavanje UbS realizuje se primenom odgovarajućihtehnologija koja se mogu dobiti uz alate, uređaje i tehnološkelinije. U sklopu prenosa tehnologije vršimo izradu i monti-ranje opreme, izradu tehnološke i druge literature i obukustručnog kadra naručioca u TRZK, kao i na lokaciji naručio-ca. U daljem radu nudimo saradnju i usluge stručne pomoćii nadzora.

DOPUNSKI program: Uticaj globalnih promena na makropolitičkom i ekonomskom planu, smanjenje obima posla zapotrebe Vojske Republike Srbije, prouzrokovao je i usme-ravanje ka dole navedenim dopunskim proizvodnim pro-gramima.

Projektovanje i konstrukcija podrazumeva izradu ko-nstruktivno-tehnološke dokumentacije prilagođeneraspoloživim resursima, a prema zahtevu potencijalnognaručioca; inženjering u oblasti prerade metala, inženjeringu oblasti prerade drveta i proizvoda od drveta, inženjeringiz oblasti prerade–brizganja plastomera.

Program obrade metala obuhvata izradu alata, uređaja iopreme potrebnih za odvijanje tehnoloških procesa, kao iizradu proizvoda u serijskoj i pojedinačnoj proizvodnji stru-ganjem glodanjem, brušenjem, koordinatnim bušenjem,izradu alata za štancovanje i savijanje lima do 2 mm debljine,izradu alata za brizganje plastomera (termoplasta), izraduukrasnih i dekorativnih predmeta od mesinga (“Radijus”).

Program “Radijus” obuhvata izradu mesinganih svećnja-ka, satova raznih oblika i veličina, ukrasnih vaza, pepeljara,kutija za nakit, stalaka za kišobrane, čeličnih gimnastičkihručnih tegova i druggih predmeta.

Programobradedrveta: na visoko produktivnim stolarskimmašinama vršimo izradu drvene ambalaže svih oblika idimenzija, palete svih oblika i dimenzija (proizvođački brojJZP 016-01), kancelarijski nameštaj i enterijer, košnice “DB”,“LR”,“AŽ” prema sopstvenoj tehničkoj dokumentaciji, mete-orološke zaklone, kućice za pse.i druge proizvode.

The large experience TRFK has in carrying out all levels ofLO maintenance, as well as the developed capacities for designand manufacture of tools and equipment intended for thesespecific engineering processes, have enabled us to be in a posi-tion to offer high-quality engineering in this area of expertise.

Design and manufacture of tools, equipment, and machinesfor LO maintenance: We have all the skilled personnel need-ed for design and manufacture of tools, equipment, andmachines for LO maintenance.

Technology transfer, technical assistance and supervision:Technical maintenance of LO is carried out by applying rel-evant technologies that can be provided with the tools, equip-ment, and production lines. Within the technology transfer,we manufacture and install the equipment, elaborate the engi-neering and other documentation, and train the skilled per-sonnel of the customer within TRFK, as well as at the cus-tomer’s site. In further operations, we offer cooperation andservices of technical assistance and supervision.

SUPPLEMENTARYprogram: The effects of global changeson political and macro economic level, the decrease of the vol-ume of workload for the requirements of the Armed Forces ofthe Republic of Serbia, has also caused our orientation towardsthe below specified supplementary production programs.

Design and construction includes elaboration of the designand engineering documentation adapted to the availableresources, in accordance with the requirements of the poten-tial customer; engineering in the area of metal working, engi-neering in the area of woodworking and production of wood-en products, engineering in the field of processing–jet mold-ing of plastomer.

The program of metal working includes the manufacture oftools, units, and equipment required for the technologicalprocesses, as well as for the manufacture of products in seriesand individually by turning, milling, grinding, jig drilling, ma-nufacture of the tools for pressing and bending of sheet met-al up to 2 mm thick, manufacture of the tools for plastomer jetmolding (thermoplast), manufacture of ornamental and dec-orative objects of brass (“Radijus”).

“Radijus” program includes the manufacture of brass ca-ndlesticks, clocks of various forms and sizes, decorative vas-es, ashtrays, jewel boxes, umbrella stands, steel gym grip handweights, and other objects.

Programof woodworking: on the highly efficient wood-working machines, we manufacture wooden packaging of allforms and dimensions, palettes of all forms and dimensions(manufacturer No. JZP 016-01), office furniture and interiordecoration, bee-houses “DB”, “LR”,“AŽ” according to ourown technical documentation, shelters from the elements,kennels, and other products.

Surface protection includes protection of metal productsapplying the procedures of mechanical and chemical removalof the products of corrosion from metal surfaces, protectionof metal surfaces by applying the procedures of passivation,phosphatizing, galvanization, and lacquering including lacquerbaking. We also apply surface protection of wooden surfacesusing agents for protection against worms (Pentolat), as wellas surface coating of wooden and metal products with all kindsof paints.

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NPovršinska zaštita obuhvata zaštitu metalnih proizvodapostupcima mehaničkog i hemijskog odstranjivanja pro-dukata korozije sa metalnih površina, zaštitu metalnih površi-na postupcima pasivizacije, fosfatiranja, cinkovanja, lako-vanja sa pečenjem laka. Takođe vršimo površinsku zaštitudrvenih površina sredstvima za zaštitu od napada štetočina(Pentolat), kao i površinsku zaštitu drvenih i metalnihproizvoda svim vrstama boja.

Skladištenje i prevoz: raspolažemo sa skladišnim pro-storom namenski izgrađenim za čuvanje eksplozivnih mate-rijala u skladu sa zakonskim propisima i isti možemo ponu-diti potencijalnim zakupcima. U sklopu skladištenja mogućeje angažovanje vozila za prevoz eksplozivnih materijala.

VIZIJA TRZK koncipirana je u saglasnosti sa našim ana-lizama i zahtevima MO SMR Uprave za odbrambenetehnologije i pretpostavljenih potreba tržišta uz maksima-lno iskorišćenje vlastitih resursa. Prioritet je transformaci-ja prema potrebama Vojske Srbije uz uvažavanja i potrebatržišta, iskorišćenje svih raspoloživih kapaciteta, osvojanjenovih tržišta uključujući i inostrana, prestruktuiranje delakapaciteta iz vojnog u civilni program, zaštitita interesazaposlenih, osvajanje nove tehnologije remonta. Ovakav kon-cept vizije sadrži našu višedecenijsku tradiciju, poslovni ugledi glavne pravce razvoja.

Prilikom donošenja poslovnih odluka rukovodstvo TRZKima u vidu postignut nivo bezbednosti života i zdravljazaposlenih i zaštitu životne sredine u skladu sa zakonom iostalim pravnim aktima koji regulišu ovu oblast, SNO i JUSkoji se odnose na rad sa eksplozivom i drugim opasnimmaterijama i naređenja iz MO SMR Uprave za odbrambenetehnologije, kao i zahteve kupca i raspoloživost potrebnihmaterijalno tehničkih sredstava.

Analize tržišta već su uslovile promene u poslovnoj politi-ci, uključivanje u tržišnu utakmicu sa tradicionalnim vo-jnimprogramom, ali i sa ponudom novih, za tržište interesantnihcivilnih programa, uključujući i osvajanje inostranog trži-šta. Jedan od naših ciljeva jeste da postanemo glavni regio-nalni centar za demilitarizaciju rashodovanih, neperspe-ktivnih ili zabranjenih UbS i minsko-eksplozivnih sredsta-va. Analize naših eksperata, takođe i MO SMR UOT, pokazu-ju da u naoružanju okolnih armija ima mnogo više UbS negošto predviđa strategija evro-atlantske bezbednosti. Takođe,međudržavne konvencije obavezuju na uništenje pojedinihvrsta minsko-eksplozivnih sredstava (npr. protiv-pešadijskemine), a značajna je i količina zastarelih, rashodovanih i začuvanje vrlo opasnih UbS.

Vrlo je inspirativna i realna ideja da se umesto uništava-nja eksplozijama, spaljivanjem ili potapanjem u more, deoUbS, posle delaboracije, vrati privredi u vidu sekundarnihsirovina (mesing, aluminijum, čelik, plastika, eksploziv...)za izradu novih proizvoda, a istovremeno i zaštiti životna sre-dina. Ova ideja je postala stvarnost. TRZK je angažovan daza NATO agenciju “NAMSA” demilitarizuje protivpešadi-jske mine. Posao je dobijen zbog najboljih uslova koje smoponudili u odnosu na međunarodno tržište. Milionita dela-boracija, proslavljena uz visoke državne i strane goste, bilaje prilika da se zbog ukupne satisfakcije zainteresovanihstrana najavi i buduća saradnja.

Storage and transport: we have a storage facility specificallyconstructed for storage of explosive materials in compliancewith the statutory regulations and we offer the same to thepotential leasees. Along with the leasing the storage space, itis possible to rent vehicles for transport of explosive materi-als.

TRFK VISION has been conceived in accordance with ouranalyses and the requirements of the MOD MRS DefenseTechnologies Department and the assumed market require-ments with maximum utilization of our own resources. Thepriority is the transformation in line with the requirements ofthe Armed Forces of Serbia while taking into account the ma-rket needs, utilization of all available capacities, winning newmarkets including foreign ones, restructuring of a part of themilitary production capacities by converting the military pro-gram into a civilian one, protection of the interest of the emp-lo-yees, mastery of a new technology of overhaul. Such a con-cept of our vision incorporates our decades-long history, busi-ness reputation, and the main trends of development.

When bringing business decisions, the management ofTRFK bears in mind the achieved level of safety of the life andhealth of the employees and the environment protection incompliance with the law and other legal documents governingthis area, SNO and JUS related to the operations with explo-sives and other hazardous matters, and orders from the MODMRS Defense Technologies Department (DTD), as well asthe requirements of the customers and availability of therequired material and technical assets.

Market analyses have already given rise to the changes inour business policy, joining in the market competition withthe traditional defense program, but also with the offer of new,civilian programs interesting for the market, including win-ning of foreign markets. One of our objectives is to becomethe main regional center for demilitarization of written-off,obsolete or prohibited LO and mines and explosive devices.The analyses of our experts, as well as those of MOD MRDDTT, indicate that, in the arsenals the neighboring armies,there are much larger quantities of LO than it is envisaged bythe Euro-Atlantic security strategy. Additionally, the govern-ment-to-government conventions impose the obligation todestroy certain types of mines and explosive devices (e.g. anti-personnel mines), and the quantity of obsolete, written-off andvery-hazardous-to-keep LO is also considerable.

A very realistic and inspirational is the idea, instead ofdestructing by blasting, burning or sinking in the sea, to returna part of LO, after deactivation, to the industries in the formof secondary materials (brass, aluminum, steel, plastics, explo-sive, etc.) for the manufacture of new products and, at the sametime, to protect the environment. This idea has become real-ity. TRFK has been engaged to, for NATO NAMSA Agency,demilitarize the anti-personnel mines. The contract was award-ed to us because of the best terms and conditions we hadoffered compared to the international market. The millionthdeactivation, celebrated with the high-ranking governmentand foreign guests, was the opportunity to announce futurecooperation as well because of the overall satisfaction of theinterested parties.

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S obzirom na specifičnu delatnost TRZK i činjenicu da jeu svim ključnim procesima prisutan visok stepen opasnostipo život i zdravlje radnika, selekciji, izboru i usmerenjukadrova u TRZK pridaje se posebna važnost i značaj. Striktnose insistira na stručnosti i osposobljenosti radnika za oba-vljanje odredjenih poslova, njihovom psiho-fizičkom zdravljui usklađenosti njihovih ličnih karateristika sa zahtevima poslai uslovima u kojima se posao obavlja. Selekcija kadra je sta-lni proces koji se odvija pri prijemu, obučavanju, praktičnoj

Linda Bird, Rear Admiral of US Navy and the Directorof NATO NAMSA Agency, on September 14, 2006, at theceremony in TRFK on the occasion of the millionth demili-tarization of anti-personnel mines stated: A million minesrepresents 110 tons of explosive that may be used for co-mmercial purposes. 750 tons of waste iron have been obtainedfor various industrial productions. Moreover, over 60 tons ofplastics, which can be used to manufacture of sewer pipesand over 100 tons of other byproducts can be used for vari-ous civilian products. By having avoided outdoor detona-tions, hundreds of millions of liters of noxious gases have notbeen discharged into the environment, which is important forpreservation of the environment.“We also quote the statement of the Director of the

Armaments Control Department of the NATO Headquarters,Michale de Migens, given to mass media on the occasion ofdestruction of the millionth anti-personnel mine: „In only oneyear, a million of anti-personnel mines were destroyed, or73 percent of the total quantity. That is a big job and youhave done it excellently. This is the biggest NATO project inSerbia up to now. With it, our relations improve, and the ulti-mate goal is to achieve higher security, both in your countryand in the territory of the entire Balkans. I expect us to pro-ceed along the same lines.“The Secretary of the Ministry of Defense of Serbia Zvonko

Obradović, on the same occasion, stated the following: „Since1975, anti-personnel mines have killed millions of innocentpeople and many children. That is why this project is par-ticularly important. The Ottawa Convention has been signedby 151 states, and Serbia has courageously undertaken theobligation to share with them the responsibility in resolvingof this problem on international scale. At the same time, thisis a way to establish improved security in the entire region.In this way, Serbia is demonstrating that it is ready for Euro-Atlantic integrations, and the Technical Repair Facility fromKragujevac did the job entrusted to them more than well.The objective of the Ministry of Defense is to now promotethis facility in the international market as well“.

In view of the specific activity of TRFK and the fact that,in all the key processes, the life and health of employees areexposed to a high degree of hazard, in TRFK, special atten-tion and importance is attributed to the recruitment, selec-tion, and specialized training of the manpower. We strictlyinsist on the professional skills and training of workers in

“Linde Bird, kontraadmiral američke vojske i direktorNATO agencije „NAMSA“, 14. 09. 2006.god., na svečanos-ti u TRZK povodom milionite demilitarizacije protivpeša-dijskih mine je izjavila: „Milion mina je 110 tona eksplozi-va koji može biti iskorišćen u komercijalne svrhe. Dobijenoje 750 tona otpadnog gvožđa za različitu industrijsku proi-zvodnju. Takođe, preko 60 tona plastike od kojih se mogunapraviti kanalizacione cevi, a više od 100 tona drugih nusproizvoda može biti iskorišćeno za različite civilne proizvode.Time što su izbegnute detonacije na otvorenom, stotine mil-iona litara štetnih gasova nije ispušteno u okolinu, što jeznačajno za očuvanje prirodne sredine“. Navodimo i izjavudirektora Odeljenja za kontrolu naoružanja glavnog štabaNATO, Majkla di Migensa, datu sredstvima javnoginformisanja prilikom uništenja milionite protivpešadijskemine: „Za samo godinu dana uništeno je milion pro-tivpešadijskih mina, ili 73 posto od ukupne količine. To jeveliki posao i vi ste ga obavili odlično. Ovo je do sada najvećoprojekat NATO u Srbiji. Njime se unapređuju naši odnosi,a krajnji cilj je da se postigne veća bezbednost, kako u vašojzemlji tako i na prostoru čitavog Balkana. Očekujem da ovimputem i nastavimo.“Sekretar Ministarstva Odbrane Srbije Zvonko Obradović

istom prilikom izjavio je sledeće: „Od 1975. godine pro-tivpešadijske mine su ubile milione nedužnih ljudi i mnogodece. Zato je ovaj projekat izuzetno značajan. Otavsku ko-nvenciju je potpisala 151 država, a Srbija je hrabro preuzelaobavezu da sa njima podeli odgovornost u rešavanju pro-blema svetskih razmera. Istovremeno, ovo je način da seuspostavi bolja bezbednost u celom regionu. Srbija ovimputem pokazuje da je spremna za evro-atlantske integraci-je, a kragujevački Tehnički remontni zavod je više nego dobroobavio povereni mu posao. Cilj Ministarstva odbrane je daovu ustanovu sada promoviše i na međunarodnom planu“.

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Nproveri osposobljenosti, raspoređivanju, pa sve do upućivanjana školovanje i poslediplomsko usavršavanje. Unapređenjekvaliteta kadrova podržava se stalnom obukom i obrazova-njem, čime se postiže da svi zaposleni svoje zadatke obavl-jaju kvalitetno i na najbolji način.

Većina poslova u TRZ ima karakter timskog rada jer suradne operacije sledljive, a konačni proizvod - usluga je rezu-ltat zatvorenog ciklusa većeg broja uzajamno povezanihoperacija, odnosno direktnog učešća većeg broja izvršilaca.Iako se timskim radom ostvaruje kolektivni učinak, dopri-nos svakog pojedinca u timu je merljiv i vrednovan u skladusa utvrđenim kriterijumima čime se postiže usklađivanjeindividualnih i timskih ambicija sa ciljevima TRZK kao orga-nizacije. Zavisno od postavljenog cilja za ostvarivanje poslovnepolitike organizovan je i timski rad u formi odbora, radnihgrupa, timova, komisija i ekipa u koje su uključeni zaposlenirazličitog profila zanimanja iz različitih organizacionih celi-na.

TRZK shvata da je za uspeh na mikro ili makro planuneophodan komplementaran tim ljudi koji se u isto vremerazlikuju i međusobno dopunjuju. Zaposleni koji su poje-dinačno dobro funkcionisali uče veštine efikasnog timskograda kao metoda rešavanja. Moderno poslovanje nalaže dabudemo različiti, drugačiji od konkurencije, da stalno razvi-jamo novi i kvalitetniji proizvod ili uslugu.

S obzirom na podvučenu ulogu tržišta u novoj koncepcijiposlovne politike, a i da bi se najpovoljnije odgovorilodugoročnim i kratkoročnim zahtevima i izazovima zai-nteresovanih strana, rukovodstvo TRZK je kao strategijupreduzeća usvojilo osvajanje procesa poslovne izvrsnosti krozprimenu politike kvaliteta čiji je osnovni sadržaj usposta-vljeni sistem menadžmenta kvalitetom (QMS).

Kao element ukupne poslovne politike proistekle iz potrebei očekivanja kupaca i drugih zainteresovanih strana, TRZKna čelu sa direktorom utvrdio je politiku kvaliteta kojom sudefinisani osnovni ciljevi u vezi sakvalitetom proizvoda i usluga, kao iobaveze svih zaposlenih u njihovomostvarivanju i stalnom unapređenju.U postupku preispitivanja QMSistovremeno se preispituje i Politikakvaliteta radi postizanja njene ade-kvatnosti i da bi služila kao stalniokvir za utvrđivanje i preispitivanjeciljeva kvaliteta.

Napominjemo da je 9. novembra2006. godine, u Privrednoj komoriSrbije u Beogradu TehničkiRemontni Zavod Kragujevac dobioOskar Kvaliteta u kategoriji velikihorganizacija za oblast Politika i strate-gija i Ljudski resursi, na konkursuza Nacionalnu nagradu za poslovnuizvrsnost Srbije od Fonda za kultu-ru kvaliteta i izvrsnost (FQCE)Beograd. TRZK je prvi i za sada jedi-ni od ustanova Vojske Srbije ili pre-duzeća namenske proizvodnje saprestižnom nagradom FQCE.

carrying out certain operations, their psychological and phys-ical health and matching of their individual characteristicswith the requirements of the job and the conditions in whicha job is carried out. Manpower selection is a continuousprocess, which takes place when recruiting, training, hands-on qualification testing, deployment, all the way to theirreferral to schools and postgraduate studies. Upgrading ofthe quality of the personnel is supported by continuoustraining and education, whereby it is achieved that all theemployees carry out their assignments properly and in thebest way.

TRFK is aware that, for the success on micro or macrolevel, it is indispensable to have a complementary team ofpeople who, at the same time, differ from one another andcomplement one another. The employees, who have indi-vidually functioned well, learn the skills of efficient teamwork as a method of problem solving. Modern businessoperations force us to be specific, different from our com-petition, to continuously develop new and better-qualityproducts or services.

In view of the stressed role of the market in the new con-cept of our business policy and, also, in order to best respondto the long-term and short-term demands and challengesof the interested parties, the management of TRFK hasadopted, as the strategy of the enterprise, mastering of theprocesses of business excellence through implementationof the quality policy the basic content of which is the estab-lished quality management system (QMS).

As an element of the overall business policy resulting fromthe needs and expectations of the customers and other inter-ested parties, TRFK, headed by its director, has establishedthe quality policy, which defines the basic objectives relat-ed to the quality of products and services, as well as theobligations of all the employees in their performance andcontinuous improvement. In the process of QMS review,

the Quality Policy is simultaneouslyreviewed for the purpose of achiev-ing its adequacy and in order to useit as a permanent framework for set-ting and reviewing the quality objec-tives.We hereby stress that, on November9, 2006, in the Chamber ofCommerce of Serbia in Belgrade, theTechnical Repair Facility Kragujevacwas awarded the Quality Oscar in thecategory of big organizations for thearea of Policy and Strategy andHuman Resources, at the competi-tion for the National Award forBusiness Excellence of Serbia fromthe Fund for Quality Culture andExcellence (FQCE) Belgrade. TRFKis the first and, for the time being,the only institution of the ArmedForces of Serbia or defense indus-try enterprises with the prestigiousFQCE award.

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Razvoj tehnologija doveo je do raznovrsnih izazova u svimzemljama sveta. Ti izazovi su naročito oštri u malim i siro-mašnim zemljama kao što je Srbija. Nivo tehnologije pružaveliku šansu takvim zemljama sa stanovišta mogućnosti rea-lizacije složenih sistema kako u industriji tako i u Vojsci. Tos druge strane znači da jemoguće ostvariti izvestanstepen tehnološke neza-visnosti u malim zemlja-ma. Ali za to je neopho-dna čvrsta povezanostvisokog školstva sa indu-strijom. Taj problem jeprisutan i u najrazvijeni-jim, ali je dominantan umalim zemljama. Sledećitakvu potrebu naUniverzitetu u NovomSadu, na njegovomFakultetu tehničkih nau-ka, razvijana je delatnosttransfera znanja u privre-du, koja pored obra-zovnog procesa i procesaistraživaškog rada činicelinu delatnosti ovogFakulteta. Rezultati koji su iz toga proistekli su impresivni.

Fakultet tehničkih nauka (www.ftn.ns.ac.yu) osnovan je 18.maja. 1960. godine kao Mašinski fakultet u Novom Sadu usastavu Univerziteta u Beogradu. Zajedno sa još šest faku-lteta sa područja Vojvodine, Fakultet ulazi u sastav Univerzitetau Novom Sadu, 28.juna1960. godine.

Otpočinjanje studija elektro i građevinske struke, 1971.godine, uslovilo je izmenu naziva Fakulteta u FAKULTETTEHNIČKIH NAUKA (FTN), 22. aprila 1974. godine. Danasse na Fakultetu organizuju studije iz devet struka sa 69 obra-zovnih profila. Ovakva fizionomija svrstava Fakultet tehni-čkih nauka u Novom Sadu među najrazvijenije visokoškolskeinstitucije u zemlji i regionu.

Fakultet tehničkih nauka je naučno-obrazovna institucijasastavljena od 13 departmana, šest stručnih službi, devetnaučno-stručnih centara i devet malih preduzeća. Lociran jeu sedam zgrada na 30.000m2, sa 703 zaposlena i preko 9.000studenata. Do danas je na Fakultetu tehničkih nauka diplomi-ralo oko 9.200 studenata, magistriralo 520, a doktorsku di-sertaciju odbranilo 223 kandidata.

Development of technology has brought variety of cha-llenges world-wide. These challenges are especially severein small and underdeveloped countries such as Serbia.Increase in technological level gives big chance to such cou-ntries to develop complex systems for industrial and mili-

tary applications. On theother hand, it meansthat it is possible tomake some degree oftechnological indepe-ndence in small cou-ntries. To do this, tightconnection betweenhigh education andindustry is essential.This problem is imma-nent in developed cou-ntries but it is prevai-ling in under developedcountries. Followingthis need, on theFaculty of TechnicalSciences at theUniversity of Novi Sadactivities are developedto foster the transfer of

knowledge into the industry. These activities together witheducational process and research work are three main pri-nciples of the Faculties organization and function.Accomplished results through described processes areimpressive.

The Faculty of Technical Sciences was established on May18, 1960, as the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering in NoviSad, and as the part of the University of Belgrade. Togetherwith six other faculties from territory the AutonomousProvince of Vojvodina on June 28, 1960., it became an inte-gral part of the University of Novi Sad.

Since 1971, the Faculty established the studies in electri-cal engineering and civil engineering. Therefore from April22, 1974, the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering grew intothe Faculty of Technical Sciences. Today, the Faculty pe-rforms studies in 9 fields with 69 educational profiles. Thisbrings the Faculty of Technical Science side by side withmost developed higher educational institution in Serbia andregion of South East Europe.

NAUKA U SLUŽBIPRAKTIČNIH

DOSTIGNUĆA

SCIENCE INSERVICE OFPRACTICALACCOMPLISHMENTS

PišeNikola Teslić

ByNikola Teslić

THE FACULTY OF TECHNICAL SCIENCES– IRAM – RT d.o.o.

FAKULTET TEHNIČKIH NAUKA UNIVERZITETA UNOVOM SADU

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NDelatnost Fakulteta je orijentisana u tri područja: obra-zovna, naučnoistraživački rad i razvoj i primena istraživanjau praksi.

Obrazovanje se ostvaruje kroz trostepeni ciklus školova-nja: prvi nivo čine osnovne akademske studije koje (u zavi-snosti od struke) traju 3, 3,5 i 4 godine (180 – 240 ESPBbodova); drugi nivo su diplomske akademske studije – mas-ter, koje zajedno sa osnovnim akademskim studijama trajupet godina na svim departmanima (300 ESPB). Treći nivočine doktorske studije koje traju tri godine (180 ESPB).

Uz ove studije organizuju se specijalističke studije i,u saradnji sa renomiranim evropskim univerzitetima, među-narodne MBA ( Master of Business Administration).

Fakultet tehničkih nauka na osnovnim studijama izvodinastavu iz sledećih oblasti visokog obrazovanja:

• MAŠINSTVO: Proizvodno mašinstvo, Mehanizacija ikonstrukciono mašinstvo, Energetika i procesna tehnika,Tehnička mehanika

• ELEKTROTEHNIKA I RAČUNARSTVO: Energetika,elektronika i telekomunikacije, Računarstvo i automatika

• INDUSTRIJSKO INŽENJERSTVO I MENA-DŽMENT: Industrijsko inženjerstvo, Inženjerski menadž-ment

• GRAĐEVINARSTVO• SAOBRAĆAJ• ARHITEKTURA• GRAFIČKO INŽENJERSTVO I DIZAJN• INŽENJERSTVO ZAŠTITE ŽIVOTNE SREDINE• MEHATRONIKANaučnoistraživačka delatnost Fakulteta tehničkih nauka

je usmerena na realizaciju naučnoistraživačkih projekataodnosno podprojekata iz područja osnovnih istraživanja, ino-vacionih projekata, projekata tehnološkog razvoja, projeka-ta programa energetske efikasnosti kao i istraživačkih pro-jekata po zahtevu privrednih preduzeća.

Fakultet nudi svoje usluge u rešavanju aktuelnih proble-ma privrede u područjima koja pokriva. Profesori fakultetadrže predavanja, po pozivu, na mnogim Univerzitetima unajrazvijenijim zemljama sveta. Značajni rezultati su ost-vareni u međunarodnoj saradnji o čemu svedoči veliki brojrealizovanih međunarodnih projekata.

Biblioteka Fakulteta raspolaže fondom od preko 160.000bibliotečkih jedinica. Za potrebe svojih korisnika bibliotekakoristi veoma razvijenu službu međubibliotečke razmene sadrugim bibliotekama u zemlji i inostranstvu.

Veliki broj studentskih organizacija brine o interesima stu-denata ne samo iz domena studija već i o kulturnom izabavnom životu. Razmene studenata i stručne prakse orga-nizuju brojne međunarodne studentske organizacije kojepostoje na Fakultetu.

Fakultet je sertifikovao sistem kvaliteta po međunarodnimstandardima EN ISO 9001:2001 kod Saveznog zavoda za sta-ndardizaciju i međunarodne sertifikacione organizacijeRWTÜV iz Esena. Fakultet, odnosno njegovi departmaniorganizuju sedam stalnih konferencija u zemlji i inostranstvui izdaju tri međunarodna časopisa na Engleskom jeziku.

Specifičnost Fakulteta su devet malih i srednjih firmi kojefunkcionišu u okviru Naučno-tehnološkog parka, jedinstvenogna našim prostorima.

Ideja o saradnji sa industrijom je u okviru FTN jedna odtri potpuno ravnopravne komponente pored naučnog i obra-zovnog rada. Devedesetih godina prošlog veka u okviru FTN

The Faculty of Technical Studies is the educational andscientific institution comprising 13 institutes – departments,6 scientific centers, 6 administration offices and 9 small com-panies. The Faculty is located in 7 buildings on the area of30.000m2, with 703 employees and more then 9,000 stu-dents. Until now, approximately 9.200 students graduatedfrom the Faculty, 520 obtained MSc degree and 223 candi-dates obtained PhD degree.

Activity on the Faculty is focused in tree fields: educa-tional, scientific-research work and development & appli-ance research in practice.

Education on the Faculty is organize in tree level cycle:1st level is base academic studies which (in dependence fromoccupation) take 3, 3.5 or 4 years (180 – 240 ESPB points);2nd level is master academic studies, which together withbase academic studies takes five years on all department(300 ESPB). 3rd level is Doctoral studies that take threeyears (180 ESPB).

The Faculty also offers programs for a specialist studiesin cooperation with reputable European University's of theinternational MBA (Master of Business Administration).

The Faculty of Technical Science organizes studies at theundergraduate level from following fields:

• MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND PRODUC-TION ENGINEERING: Production Engineering,Mechanization and Construction Engineering, Energy andProcess Engineering, Technical Mechanics

• ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING:Power, Electronics and Telecommunications Engineering,Computing and Automatics

• INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND MANAGE-MENT: Industrial Engineering, Engineering Management

• CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT• TRAFFIC ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT• ARCHITECTURE• GRAPHICAL ENGINEERING AND DESIGN• ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING• MECHATRONICS

Research activities of The Faculty of Technical Sciencesis aimed at realization of scientific research projects as torealization of subprojects in field of basic research, inve-ntion projects, projects of technological development, pro-jects of energy efficiency program as research projectsdemanded by industry.

The Faculty offers its services in solving actual problemsin industry in fields that treats.

Faculty’s professors lecture on many universities in di-fferent countries.

Significant results are achieved in international coopera-tion that is seen in large number of realized internationalprojects.

Library of the Faculty disposes with fund of over 160.000units. For its users needing library uses very developed se-rvice of interchange with other libraries in country andabroad.

High number of student’s organizations cares on student’sinterests as in domain of studies as in domain of cultural lifeand entertainment. Student’s exchange and practical workare organized by number of student’s organizations on theFaculty.

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su počela da se otvaraju preduzeća koja su proistekla saFakulteta a blisko vezana sa naučnoistraživačkim radom.Napravljeni okvir je kasnije pretočen u okvir naučno-tehnogloškog parka Univerziteta u Novom Sadu. NaučnoTehnološki park Univerziteta u Novom Sadu(http://www.nosic.ns.ac.yu) je okvir za pretakanje visoketehnologije i rezultata naučno istraživačkih aktivnosti u pre-duzeća.

Jedno od prvih preduzeća osnovanih u okviru FakultetaTehničkih Nauka pre 15 godina bilo je FTN-IRAM-RTd.o.o., preduzeće proisteklo sa katedre za Računarskutehniku i Računarske komunikacije, a koje jejednako zanačajan doprinos kakosaradnje sa industrijom tako isa Vojskom.

FTN-IRAM-RT se odosnivanja bavi delatnostimakoje se izučavaju na samojkatedri, a to je projekova-nje hardvera, softvera urealnom vremenu i raču-narskih komunikacija iliono što se u savremenojnauci naziva Sistemi zasno-vani na računaru. Početkomdevedesitih godina pre-duzeće je ušestvovalo i bilonosilac u nizu projekata kojesu rezultovale automatizaci-jom gasovodne mreže Vojvodine, aostavareni su i zavidni rezultati u automatizaciji linija zaproizvodnju podnih obloga SINTELON iz Bačke Palanke.FTN-IRAM-RT je pronašao svoje mesto i u oblasti proje-ktovanja hardvera i softvera za telekomunikacije. Primeraradi, razvijene su biblioteke softvera za sledeće siga-nlizacije: SSNo7, DSS1, V5.1, V5.2, X.25. Ovi soft-verski moduli su ugrađeni u proizvode domaćeindustrije: DKTS, IRITEL, DžITI, a u ino-stranstvu: STROM-Češka,LONIIS-Rusija, Nemačka i sl.

Fokus preduzeća FTN-IRAM-RT danas su razvoj i pro-jektovanje uređaja iz oblasti raču-narstva, računarske tehnike i raču-narskih komunikacija, neke odosovnih oblasti koje preduzeće pokri-va su: (i) projektovanje hardvera, (ii)projektovanje sistema na bazi FPGA, (iii)projekovanje sistema, algoritama i softveraza digitalnu obradu signala, (iv) robotika i (v)proizvodni kapaciteti za namensku proizvodnju.

FTN-IRAM-RT je jedan od deset najvećih potrošača ele-ktronsih komponenti, imajući u vidu da je ovo razvojnoi-staživačka firma koja je razvila veliki broj različitih ploča uprethodnom periodu. Tim za projektovanje hardvera oso-posobljen je za projektovanje najsloženijih uređaja koji tre-ba da zadovolje sve kriterijume elektromagnetne kompati-bilnosti, pouzdane masovne prozvodnje i to kako za klaseindustrijskih uređaja tako i za namenske - vojne uređaje.

Jedna od važnih komponenti je projektovanje sistema nabazi programabilnih sekvencijalnih mreža (FPGA). FTN-IRAM-RT tj. Katedra za Računarsku Tehniku koristi FPGA

The Faculty of Technical Sciences has certificated its qual-ity system according to the international standards ISO9001:2001 at the Federal Bureau for Standardization and atthe International Certificate Organization RWTÜV fromEssen, Germany.

Departments of Faculty organize seven conferences incountry and abroad, and publish three international maga-zines in English language.

There are nine small and medium firms act-ing as a part of Scientific-technological

Park, unique in our region.

The idea of cooperation of theFaculty of Technical Sciences

with industry is one of threemain Faculties activities side

by side with educational andscientific work. In the90’s, first companies

connected with theFaculty were founded and

started to develop. These com-panies are closely connected toscientific research activities.This model is later used asmodel within Scientific-te-chnological Park of the

University in Novi SadScientific-technological Park of the University in

Novi Sad (Novi Sad Innovation Centrehttp://www.nosic.ns.ac.yu ) is frame for streaming high tech-

nology and results of scientific research activity to co-mpanies.

Company FTN-IRAM-RT d.o.o is founded with-in the Faculty of Technical Sciences, 15 years

ago. This company, derived from the Chair forComputing Engineering and

Communications, gives sig-nificant contributionin cooperation with

industry as well aswith the Army.FTN-IRAM-RT sinceits foundation in 1991 isactive in areas that arestudied on the Chair forComputing Engineeringand Communications.

These areas are hard-ware, real-time software

or as it is called in modern science, Computer based sys-tems. In the 90's the company participated in series of pro-jects which results are automation service of gas pipelinenetwork. Besides that, some high results are achieved inautomation flow line of floor panel’s production SINTELONBacka Palanka. FTN-IRAM-RT founded its place in area ofprojecting hardware and software for telecommunication.For example, software bibliothecas for following types of sig-naling have been developed: SSNo7, DSS1, V5.1, V5.2, X.25.

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Nintegrisana kola za rešavanje niza izuzetno složenih proble-ma digitalne obrade video signala, zaštite signala (kripto-vanje), komunikacionih problema, složenih problema u di-gitalnoj obradi video signala. Isto tako, ova tehnologija i int-enizivno obrazovanje kadra u preduzeću stvorili su okruže-nje stručnjaka i odgovarajuće softverske pakete za projekto-vanje integrisanih kola. Ono što je trend u posednjih neko-liko godina je verifikacija integrisanih kola na FPGA pla-tformama u čemu FTN-IRAM-RT postiže zapažene rezu-ltate.

Digitalna obrada signala je nezamenljiv deo savremenihračunarskih sistema, FTN-IRAM-RT je svih 15 godina prisu-tan u ovoj oblasti i može se pohvaliti rezultatima u oblasti-ma primene ovih tehnologija: Audio obrada signala, Obradavideo signala, Obrada govornih signala i Komunikacije.

Audio obrada signala odlikuje se nizom implementiranihaudio standarda za kompresiju i dekompresiju, poboljšanjeaudio signala, kao i višekanalne kodere-dekodere. Neki odpomenutih tandarda implementirani su na razne pla-tforme (MP3, AAC, AC3, DPL, Virtulizer, WMAitd.). Pored implementacije algoritma na RISCarhitekture, tim inženjera okupljenih u okviruFTN-IRAM-RT osposbljen je da pruži podrškuu atestiranju portovanih rešenja kod sertika-cionih tela.

Obrada video signala je jedna od najza-htevnijih oblasti obrade signal s obzirom nakoličinu podataka koja treba da se obradi urealnom vremenu. Najčešće se obrada videosignal radi uz pomoć FPGA integrisanih kola,ali moguće su i određene obrade na namenskimDSP programabilnim platformama. Referenceu ovoj oblasti su algoritmi za skaliranje, ko-nverziju brzine ispisa slike, redukciju šumaitd. U saradnji sa Vojnotehničkim istitutomVojske Srbije razvoj FTN-IRAM-RT radi naproblemima detekcije pozicije eksplozijei tipa oružja koje ju je izazvalo.

U govornim tehnologijamasvi relevatnih standardi zakodovanje-dekodovanje govo-ra su implementirani narazličite DSP-RISC arhitekture(ITU-T G.726, ITU-T G.728,ITU-T G.729, ITU-TG.723.1). Na osnovudobijenih rezultata razvije-na je namenska tehnologijaza kodovanje govora naizuzetno niskim bitskim brzinama2400 bit/sč. Digitalnu obradusignala u komunikacija karatkerišeniz modulacionih tehnologija koje surazvijene za: iznajmljene linije(dvožično/ četvorožično), komutiranelinije (PSTN/ISDN) ili HF i UHF/VHF radiovezom. Navedeni modemi su realizovani postandardima ITU-T V.23, ITU-T V.26, ITU-TV.22bis, ITU-T V.32, MIL-STD-188-110B,STANAG 4285, MIL-STD-188-181A.

Jedan od interesantnih pravaca predstavlja istraži-vanje sopstvenog autonomnog robota koje obuhvata

These software modules are built in domestic industryproducts: DKTS, IRITEL, GT and abroad: STROM-CheckRepublic, LONIIS- Russia, Germany etc.

Today, focus of company FTN-IRAM-RT is developingof appliances in area of computing and computer sciences.Some of basic areas are: (i) hardware designing, (ii) design-ing systems on FPGA bases, (iii) designing systems, algo-rithms and software for digital signal processing, (iv) robo-tics and (v) manufacturing capacity for dedicated produc-tion.

With its experience and developed net of components sup-pliers, FTN-IRAM-RT is one of the biggest domestic cu-stomers of electronic components. Hardware designingteam is trained for projecting the most complicated devicesthat must fulfill the most rigorous criteria’s of electromag-netic compatibility, trustful mass production, all that forindustrial devices and dedicated military devices.

One of the significant components is designing systemson based on FPGA. FTN-IRAM-RT, i.e. The Chair forComputing Engineering and Communications uses FPGAintegrated circuits for solving highly complicated problemsin: video signal digital processing, signal security (crypto-protection), computer communication problems. This tech-nology and intense education in company created enviro-nment: experts + software packages for integrated circuitsdesigning. Trend in the last few years is verification of inte-

grated circuits on FPGA platforms where FTN-IRAM-RThas attained distinguished results.Digital signal processing is irreplaceable part of moderncomputer systems. Since its foundation FTN-IRAM-RT

has been present in this area and it can be very proud withresults in these applications: Audio signal process, Videosignal process, Speech signal process and Communications.

Audio signal processing is based on series of implement-ed audio standards for compression and decompression,improving audio signals and multi-channel coders-decoders.

Some standards are implemented on differentplatforms: MP3, AAC, AC3, DPL, Virtulizer,

WMA etc. Besides of algorithm imple-mentation on RISC architectures,

engineer teams assembled inFTN-IRAM-RT are qualified to

give costumers support inattest according to ce-rtificate organizations.Video signal processing

is the most demanded areain signal processing due to amount

of data that should be processed in realtime. Mainly, video signal pro-cessing is made with FPGAintegrated circuits. There ispossibility of some process-ing in dedicated DSP plat-forms. References in thisarea are: scaling algorithms,algorithms for picturespeed change conversion,noise reduction etc. As partof its own development and

in cooperation with theMilitary Technical Institute, there are results in solving

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sve oblasti kojima se bavi FTN-IRAM-RT:hardver, audio obrada signala, video obrada sig-nala i upravljanje. Projektovani robotiobezbeđuju udaljenu ko-ntrolu i upravljan-je, kao i poluautomatske režime rada ukojima robot samostalno rešavaodređene pro-bleme za mikrosred-inu, dvosmerni audio-video prenospodataka, sa odeđenim poboljšan-jima za redukciju ambijetalnogšuma, praćenje govornika (head-tracking system). Razvijena plat-forma predstavlja polaznu osnovu(skup tehnologija) za razvoj final-nih proizvoda sa elementima kojipostoje unutar postojećeg sistema.

FTNI-IRAM-RT se fokusira naproizvodnju malih i srednjih seri-ja, sa osnovnim naglaskom da su upitanju proizvoidi za namenskatržišta sa visokim stepenomizlanog kvaliteta i pouzdanosti.Uređaji koji se proizvode zado-voljavaju stroge klimo-mehaničkezahteve, zahteve za EMC, a u istovreme su cenom atraktivni na svet-skom tržistu.

Treba napomenuti i dugogodišnju saradnju savojnim naučnoistraživačkim insitucijama VojskeSrbije: Vojno tehničkim insititutom VS(http://www.vti.mod.gov.yu/) (u oblasti projektovanja savre-menih sredstava komunikacije – modema, obrade zvuka iniza drugih projekata razvoja složenih sistema), Tehničkimopitnim centrom KOV VS (http://www.toc.vj.yu/) (u oblastiispitvanja razvijenih sre-dstava za domaće i strano tržište),Vazduhoplovni optini ce-ntar VS (http://www.voc.vj.yu/) (uoblasti modernizacije po-stojećih merno kontrolnih uređa-ja).

problem of explosion detection and detection of used typeof arms.

In speech technologies all relevant standards for speechcoding-decoding are implemented on different DSP-RISCarchitectures. For example: ITU-T G.726, ITU-T G.728,ITU-T G.729, ITU-T G.723.1. Using these results it isdeveloped dedicated technology for speech coding on verylow bit rates of 2400 bps.Digital signal processing and communication character-ize series of modulation technologies developed for leasedlines (2 wires or 4 wires), switched lines (PSTN/ISDN)or HF and UHF/VHF radio links. Foregoing modems arerealized by standards: ITU-T V.23, ITU-T V.26, ITU-T

V.22bis, ITU-T V.32, MIL-STD-188-110B, STANAG 4285,MIL-STD-188-181A.

One of the interesting course in research is developmentof own autonomous robot. This research contains all areasof FTN-IRAM-RT, including in final result: hardware, audiosignal process, video signal process, controlling. Projectedrobots provide remote control and guidance, as semi-auto-matic work regime in which robot independently solvesproblems for micro environment, 2 way audio-video datatransmit, with some improvements in noise reduction andhead-tracking system. Developed platform correspond base– congregation of technologies – for developmnet of finalproducts with elements from existing system.

FTN-IRAM-RT focuses on manufacturing small andmedium series, with stress on products for dedicat-

ed market with high quality and reliability degree.Devices which are produced fulfill severe

weather-mechanical demands,EMC demands.These products are

also attrac-tive withits priceon globalmarket.

Cooperation through years with military scientif-ic research institutions of Serbian Armed Forces should

be mentioned:Military Technical Institute (http://www.vti.mod.gov.yu/):

in area of modern communication systems – modems, soundprocess and other projects in complex system development.

Technical Test Center (http://www.toc.vj.yu/): in area oftesting developed appliances for domestic and foreign mar-ket. Trimness and teams competence makes possible to ser-vice global market.

The Air Force Flight Test Centre (http://www.voc.vj.yu/):in area of modernizing meter-controlling devices.