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African Humid Tropics Regional Programme African Humid Tropics Regional Programme –– World Agroforestry CentreWorld Agroforestry Centre
OVERVIEW OF ICRAF RESEARCH ACTIVITIES IN WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA
PAPER PRESENTED AT Bamako Workshop
Zac TchoundjeuICRAF REGIONAL DIRECTORPO. Box 16 317 Yaoundé CameroonEmail: [email protected]
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme African Humid Tropics Regional Programme –– World Agroforestry CentreWorld Agroforestry Centre
Articulations
1. Structure of ICRAF WCA Region
2. Main Projects being implemented in WCA
3. Way Forward
4. CONCLUSION
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme African Humid Tropics Regional Programme –– World Agroforestry CentreWorld Agroforestry Centre
ICRAF IN THE WORLD
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme African Humid Tropics Regional Programme –– World Agroforestry CentreWorld Agroforestry Centre
VISION & MISSION• Vision: Rural transformation of smallholder
households by strategically increase their use of trees in agricultural landscapes to improve their food security, nutrition, income , health, shelter, energy resources and environmental sustainability.
• Mission: Generate science-based knowledge about the diverse roles trees play in agricultural landscapes and to use research top advance policies and practices to benefit the poor and the environment.
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme African Humid Tropics Regional Programme –– World Agroforestry CentreWorld Agroforestry Centre
ICRAF GLOBAL RESEARCH PRIORITIES
• GRP1: domestication, utilization and conservation of superior agroforestry germplams
• GRP2: Maximizing on-farm productivity of trees and agroforestry germplasm
• GRP3: Improving tree product marketing for smallholders
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme African Humid Tropics Regional Programme –– World Agroforestry CentreWorld Agroforestry Centre
ICRAF GLOBAL RESEARCH PRIORITIES
• GRP4: Reducing risks to land health and targeting agroforestry intervention to enhance land productivity
• GRP 5: Improving the ability of farmers, ecosystems and governments to cope with climate change
• GRP 6: Developing policies and incentives for multifunctional landscapes with trees that provide environmental services
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme African Humid Tropics Regional Programme –– World Agroforestry CentreWorld Agroforestry Centre
21 countries330 million people1200 million ha
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme African Humid Tropics Regional Programme –– World Agroforestry CentreWorld Agroforestry Centre
ECOSYSTEMS OF WCA REGION
AHT is a hot spot with more than 1800 endemic plant species31 endemic threatened birds35 endemic threatened mammals
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme African Humid Tropics Regional Programme –– World Agroforestry CentreWorld Agroforestry Centre
Distribution of Area under Cultivation By Distribution of Area under Cultivation By ZoneZone
55--year Average (2003year Average (2003--2007)2007)
9
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme African Humid Tropics Regional Programme –– World Agroforestry CentreWorld Agroforestry Centre
Yield per hectare by ZoneYield per hectare by Zone
20075yr Average(2003‐2007)
World 541 524
Africa 539 510
America 327 334
Asia & Oceania 772 786
10
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme African Humid Tropics Regional Programme –– World Agroforestry CentreWorld Agroforestry Centre
FOREST IS NOT ONLY LOGS AND TIMBERFOREST IS NOT ONLY LOGS AND TIMBER
Over two thirds of the 600 million people in Africa rely directly or indirectly on forest for their livelihoods
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme African Humid Tropics Regional Programme –– World Agroforestry CentreWorld Agroforestry Centre
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme African Humid Tropics Regional Programme –– World Agroforestry CentreWorld Agroforestry Centre
NTFPS can generate more income (FCFA)
30.00
50.00
70.00
90.00
110.00
130.00
150.00
170.00
190.00
210.00
230.00
250.00
1966 1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002
calendar year
US
cent
s/lb
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1996 1997 1998 1999
CocoaIrvingiaRicinod.
Volatility of coffee price
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme African Humid Tropics Regional Programme –– World Agroforestry CentreWorld Agroforestry Centre
Participatory Tree Domestication (PTD)
Put simply PTD refers to:• the means communities select, propagate and manage
high-value indigenous fruit trees and medicinal plants and integrate them in the various farming systems,
• Species for domestication are mainly selected encompassing indigenous knowledge and genetic selection based on scientific principles
• A strong partnership is developed with scientists, civic authorities and private companies.
• PTD is a farmer driven and market lead process. It focuses on species farmers consume best with high potentials for local, regional and international markets
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme African Humid Tropics Regional Programme –– World Agroforestry CentreWorld Agroforestry CentreGnetum africanum
SPECIES UNDER DOMESTICATION
Irvingia gabonensis
Ricinodendron heudelotiiKola nitida
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme African Humid Tropics Regional Programme –– World Agroforestry CentreWorld Agroforestry Centre
Allanblackia floribunda
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
laur
icm
yrist
icpa
lmit i
cste
aric
olei
cC1
8:2
AllanblackiaPalm oilPalm kernelRape oil
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme African Humid Tropics Regional Programme –– World Agroforestry CentreWorld Agroforestry CentreHow to multiply the selected species: rooting cuttingsrooting cuttings
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme African Humid Tropics Regional Programme –– World Agroforestry CentreWorld Agroforestry Centre
Grafting
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme African Humid Tropics Regional Programme –– World Agroforestry CentreWorld Agroforestry CentreHow to multiply the selected species: air layeringair layering
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme African Humid Tropics Regional Programme –– World Agroforestry CentreWorld Agroforestry Centre
Creation of a cultivar
Earlier fruiting, smaller trees and uniform quality
Dacryodes edulis
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme African Humid Tropics Regional Programme –– World Agroforestry CentreWorld Agroforestry Centre
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme African Humid Tropics Regional Programme –– World Agroforestry CentreWorld Agroforestry Centre
BAOBAB VEGETABLE BANK
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme African Humid Tropics Regional Programme –– World Agroforestry CentreWorld Agroforestry Centre
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme African Humid Tropics Regional Programme –– World Agroforestry CentreWorld Agroforestry Centre
Farmer-Managed Vegetative Propagation Unit
Non-mist rooting propagator
Humidity chamber
Shade house
Stockplant
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme African Humid Tropics Regional Programme –– World Agroforestry CentreWorld Agroforestry Centre
ENTREPRENEURIAL SPIRIT IN PILOT VILLAGES
DRCNigeria
Cameroon
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme African Humid Tropics Regional Programme –– World Agroforestry CentreWorld Agroforestry Centre
Approaches for linking rural communities to
markets
1. Integrating small farmers into value chains
2. Building local skills for improving competitiveness
3. Appraising market-led opportunities for rural communities
4. Strengthening service providers
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme African Humid Tropics Regional Programme –– World Agroforestry CentreWorld Agroforestry Centre
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
RegionalRetailer (3)
LocalTraders (4)
LocalCollectors (4)
LocalCollectors (3)
RegionalRetailer (4)
Farmer (1-4)
Profit margin received by market actors
HOW TO INCREASEHOW TO INCREASEFARMER INCOMESFARMER INCOMES
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme African Humid Tropics Regional Programme –– World Agroforestry CentreWorld Agroforestry Centre
Collectives action / Group Sales
GuaranteeFunds
GuaranteeFunds
SensitizationMeetings
SensitizationMeetings
Workshop &TrainingWorkshop &Training
MarketSurveyMarketSurvey
Building linkages between farmersand traders
Building linkages between farmersand traders
Improve harvest and post-harvest techniques
Improve harvest and post-harvest techniques
Njansang Examples
Farmers
Farmer Farmer Enterprise Enterprise DevelopmeDevelopment In nt In CameroonCameroon
Group DynamicsGroup Dynamics
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme African Humid Tropics Regional Programme –– World Agroforestry CentreWorld Agroforestry Centre
Some ResultsSome Results
• In 2005, 4 farmers enterprises generates received 709,075 FCFA from the sale of njansang.
• In 2006, they generated 2,826,000FCFA.
• In 2007 they generated 2,472,150FCFA.
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
1800000
2000000
Nkoloboudou
Ondeck
Melen
Ekpwasso
nVillages enterprise
Amou
nt Amount 2005
Amount 2006Amount 2007
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme African Humid Tropics Regional Programme –– World Agroforestry CentreWorld Agroforestry Centre
The Njansang Kernel Cracking machine:
Percentage of success 90
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme African Humid Tropics Regional Programme –– World Agroforestry CentreWorld Agroforestry Centre
Cassava Processing Micro Enterprise
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme African Humid Tropics Regional Programme –– World Agroforestry CentreWorld Agroforestry Centre
Enhance agricultural Income Generating
Options in West and North West
regions of Cameroon
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme African Humid Tropics Regional Programme –– World Agroforestry CentreWorld Agroforestry Centre
Post harvest machines
Ventilated dryers for drying tree, food and spice products Multipurpose mills
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme African Humid Tropics Regional Programme –– World Agroforestry CentreWorld Agroforestry Centre
GENERALISED TREE SPECIES DOMESTIGRAM
PRIORITY SPECIES(and alternate species)
Procurement(Tree Seed Suppliers
Directory)
Exploration
Collection
Conservation,Diversity Assess.
IPR, Access, Exchange & Benefit Sharing
EVALUATION
On station On farm
PROPAGATION
MANAGEMENT ADOPTION
Laboratory On station On farmVillage
On station On farm
• Species trials• Literature searches• Expert input/meetings (historically)• Farmer surveys (indigenous knowledge)• On-farm/nursery tree inventories• Market surveys
- survival- growth- repro. ecology- genetic variation
- survival- growth- niche- scale- assess. method- compatibility- indig. knowledge
- molecular- nutrition- processability- seed quality
- nursery practices- propagule type- symbionts
- nursery practices- propagule type- indig. knowledge
- spacing- watering- fertilizing- thinning- coppicing- pruning- top working- fruit set- pest/disease- reprod. ecology
Collaboration& linkages
- marketing/process- outgrower scheme- germ. delivery- collective action- farmer exchanges- demonstrations- targeting climate
market, soils, popn- policy- certification- incentives-environmentalservice payments
• training important for all aspects• species/techniques also for domesticating the landscape
PRODUCTIONIDENTIFICATION
- spacing- watering- fertilizing- thinning- selection- coppicing- pruning- top working- fruit set- pest/disease- conservation- indig. Know.
MULTIPLICATION
- on farm- on station- Nat. Seed Cent.- composition- spacing- thinning- selection- fruit set- forecasting- timing
Seed Vegetative
- on farm- in community- on station- Nat. Hort Cent.- no. clones- mother blocks- selection- forecasting- timing
DIVERSEGERMPLASM
NARROWGERMPLASM
Actively Discourage
(e.g. TSSD, DD, NGOs)
Nomenclature(Bot. Nom. Dbase)
Documentation(Agroforestree Dbase)
selection
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme African Humid Tropics Regional Programme –– World Agroforestry CentreWorld Agroforestry Centre
• Early fruiting and capture of desired traits are great incentive for adoption.
• Market of agroforestry products is being gradually developed with appropriate transformation and packaging methods.
• Indigenous fruit trees have high potentials to improve livelihood of local populations helping to achieve the MDGs (Poverty eradication, hunger reduction, improved of health and nutrition)
Conclusion
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme African Humid Tropics Regional Programme –– World Agroforestry CentreWorld Agroforestry Centre
Conclusion…Indigenous fruit portfolio now at the heart of key
global environmental processes• Convention to combat desertification
Agroforestry for land regeneration• Biodiversity Convention
Role of agroforestry in biodiversity conservation• Climate Change Convention
Agroforestry as a key to adaptationSmallholder projects for carbon sequestration
• UN Forum on ForestsKey role of trees outside forests