Working Title: A Model Development for E-Waste Management System in Klang Valley Malaysia By: Zaipul Anwar Zainu Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Ahmad Rahman Malaysia Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia RINKOU PRESENTATION Sharing of experience and information
Transcript
1. Working Title: A Model Development for E-Waste Management
System in Klang Valley Malaysia By: Zaipul Anwar Zainu Supervisor:
Prof. Dr. Ahmad Rahman Malaysia Japan International Institute of
Technology, Universiti Teknologi RINKOU PRESENTATION Sharing of
experience and information
2. INTRODUCTION: What is E-Waste? E-waste is defined as waste
from electrical and electronic assemblies containing components
such as accumulators, mercury-switches, glass from cathode-ray
tubes (CRT) and other activated glass or PCB capacitors, or
contaminated with cadmium, mercury, lead, nickel, chromium, copper,
lithium, silver, manganese or PCB. In other words E-waste contains
various hazardous components that is very harmful to the
environment if not handled or disposed properly. Source: Department
of Environment (DOE), 2011
3. Type of E-Waste E-waste is referred to as all kind of
electric and electronic (EEE) appliances that are discarded by
users. Easier to buy new EEE than to repair or upgrade resulting in
increase in e-waste. Public awareness on e-waste is very poor.
4. Examples of E-Waste 4 Sample of e-waste: PCB boards, wires
& cables, monitor, computer, flourescent lamp, washing machine,
microwave, freezer, smartphones etc.
5. Classification of Solid Waste In general, waste management
involves collection, transportation, segregation, treatment and
disposal of organic, recyclable and inert waste. Waste are treated
by filling the land-site, incineration, recycling and composting.
Waste (also known as rubbish, trash, refuse, garbage, junk, and
litter) is unwanted or useless materials, which has lost its value
to its owner or does not impose any economic value.
6. Why E-waste? Fastest Growing waste stream Malaysia is facing
a sharp increase amount of generated e-waste over the years.
Malaysia is also exposed to the e-waste trading or smuggling
activities due to its location in the middle of the e-waste
movement route. The increasing amount of e-waste generated in
Malaysia is also coupled with e- waste being imported from other
countries. A quick search using Google Trends at
http://google.com/trends showed increasing interest and news about
this issues. Interest over time Years E-waste Medical Waste
Industrial Waste Municipal Waste Trends Results: Sharp
increase
7. Malaysia among top 5 nations in the world with highest
smartphone usage Malaysia is one of the 5 countries around the
globe where smartphone usage is higher than computers. 51% of
Malaysians use smartphones compared to the 39% that use computers.
China, Hong Kong, Singapore and South Korea are the other countries
in Asia that have the same trend according to survey done by Google
at http://consumerbarometer.com. And each user of smartphones in
Malaysia in average own 1.2 device/person Consumer Barometer
Result:
8. E-waste Generated in Malaysia Future Projection for E-waste
in Unit Quantity in Malaysia for the Year 1981 - 2020. (Source:
Asia E-Waste Project, 2009). Sharp increase
9. Current Scenario In 2013 the generation of e-waste in
Malaysia is about 800,000 tonnes and forecasted to increase (about
5% increase or more a year) to 1.11 million tonnes in 2020. E-waste
now is regarded as the most challenging waste stream in the
country. (Source: Asia E-Waste Project, 2009). Bulk of e-waste
generated by households and business entities/institutions are NOT
collected by the DOE-licensed e- waste contractors (The
DOE-licensed contractors mostly collect from industrial facilities
in a regulated manner).
10. E-Waste Effects on Environment & Human Health If
e-waste is disposed in landfills, the metal components will be lost
for future use. In addition, these materials have also the
potential to leach out into landfills and will contaminate the
surface and ground water Nevertheless many of these products can be
reused, refurbished, or recycled in an environmentally sound manner
so that they can become less harmful to the environment.
Groundwater contamination from land-fill site
11. Rise of e-waste in Malaysia Laws & Regulation
Technology Development Affordable Dependent on EEE Trends Variety
choices Easy to purchase No legal laws No mandatory requirement
Laws only for industry no laws for household No training Poor
Exposure Lack of awareness Ignorance Causes of rise of E-waste in
Malaysia
12. Importance to Effectively Manage E-waste Malaysia is also
facing problems with rapid growth of domestic e-waste volume. With
the increasing number of Malaysias population living in urban areas
and adopting modern lifestyle, the generation of domestic e-waste
is expected to grow. Other than the increasing amount of e- waste,
another issue regarding e-waste in Malaysia is improper disposal of
e-waste and illegal e-waste recycling. These activities have the
potential to pollute the environment and pose significant health
hazard to the society. Thus with all these reasons it is very
important for the country to quickly start to find ways on how to
properly manage the e- waste stream in order to sustain the
environment and healthy growth of the country.
13. Current Practices on E-Waste Management Products from the
partial recovery facilities are still considered as scheduled
wastes and need to be sent to the full recovery facilities. Until
June 2011, 152 e-waste recovery facilities are licensed by DOE. In
Malaysia, E-waste has been listed under the scheduled wastes, in
the Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations 2005, came
into force on 15 August 2005. But this law is only applicable for
industry not household. 132 facilities are partial recovery and
another 20 facilities are full recovery. In general, e-wastes from
industries and commercial centers are properly collected and sent
to the recovery facilities, however no proper collection system and
law regarding e-waste from household has been established in
Malaysia.
14. 14 State Partial recovery Full recovery F.T. Kuala Lumpur 5
0 Johor 15 4 Kedah 15 1 Melaka 14 3 Negeri Sembilan 5 1 Perak 5 0
Pulau Pinang 39 7 Sarawak 7 0 Selangor 27 3 Total 132 20 Grand
Total 152 Approved E-Waste Recovery Facilities in Malaysia,
2013
15. Approved Land-fill Sites in Malaysia, 2013 We already have
too many land fill site, and many of them have reached its useful
life also. It is high time for us to seriously think about
recycling our waste materials effectively.
16. 18 Legislation and Policy on E-Waste In Malaysia, E-waste
has been listed under the scheduled wastes, in the Environmental
Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations 2005, came into force on 15
August 2005. With the inclusion of e-waste into the 2005
regulation, it enables Malaysia to control illegal transboundary
movement of e-waste; At the national level, all e-waste generators
are required to notify their e-waste generations to DOE. E-waste
recovery facilities are also required to obtain license from DOE to
carry out their recovery operations; Residues from recovery
operation must be disposed of at premises approved by DOE.
17. Collection, segregation and transportation of household
e-waste Existing recycling facilities are still not capable to
handle all types of e-waste especially the bulky ones (eg. air
conditions, refrigerators); Capacity building to manage household
e- waste in an Environmentally Sound Manner Disposal/ collection
fee for household e-waste. Take-back system. Legislation and policy
Transboundary movement of e-waste Managing the informal sectors
Other Issues on E-Waste
18. Supporting system to assist in the management of household
e-waste management. Establishment of proper household e-waste
management system. Specific legislation on Household E-waste.
Disposal/Collection fee for household e-waste Hazardous content of
e-waste and its harmfulness to environment. Significant growth and
increase in quantity of e-waste being disposed. Summary of From
Literature Reviews
19. Research Problem The quantity e-waste being disposed in
Malaysia has been consistently and significantly increasing over
the years as projected by Asia E-waste Project (2009) and reported
by United Nations Environmental Program (2010) and as further
elaborated in Section 2.4 Improper disposal of household e-waste
can cause severe environmental pollution such as reported by Janz
and Bilitewski (2008) and further elaborated in Section 2.5. There
is no separate legislation or policy between the industry and
household e-waste was found on the Environmental Quality (Scheduled
Wastes) Regulations 2005 by DoE as explained in Section 1.2.
Therefore a study need to be done on how to address issues related
to household e-waste as compared to industrial e-waste. There is no
proper household e-waste management system has been established in
Malaysia until today as reported by DoE's 2012 Annual Report and
further elaborated in Section 2.5.5. There is no adaptation of
information technology such as the establishment of take- back
system, optimisation analysis and reverse logistic system to assist
in the collection management of household e-waste in Malaysia as
reported by Shumon et al., 2014 and further elaborated in Section
2.6.4.
20. Research Objective Development of a model for a sustainable
collection, recovery and recycling system for household e-waste in
Malaysia. The focus of the research will be in Klang Valley and the
completed research can be used and expanded to contribute to
nationwide collection system.
21. Research Questions How significant is the impact of e-waste
to our country if there is no proper collection system? What are
the major obstacles or constraint to the success of household
e-waste collection system in the country? Which methodology and
resources are needed to develop a successful household e-waste
collection and treatment? Who are the actors involved in household
e-waste collection and management in Malaysia and how significant
are their roles? What are the incentives that can be provided to
promote the proper management and treatment of household e- waste
in Malaysia? How various applications such as management
information system application can be used to assist in the e-waste
management system?
22. Conceptual Framework Attribute GLOBAL E-WASTE ENVIRONMENT
NATIONAL E-WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM KLANG VALLEY INPUT Delphi
Process KLANG VALLEY POLITICAL ECONOMICAL SOCIAL TECHNOLOGICAL
ENVIRONMENTAL LEGAL Model of E-waste Management System under
development Qualitative Method Case study approach Delphi Process *
Case studies * Successful system * International guidelines *
Expert opinions * Consumer feedback Adaption of Information
Technology for development of supporting system for e-waste
management. Simulation of E- waste Management System model using
MIS application New Model of E-Waste Management System
23. Research Methodology: Qualitative Method Research
methodology chosen is Qualitative Method. The main aim in
conducting this research was to explore and develop an effective
and efficient e-waste management system in the country. Qualitative
method have the ability to produce a wealth of detailed
information, necessary if e-waste management is to be investigated
in an exploratory manner. Unlike quantitative research methodology
which does not recognize individuality of research subjects or
respondents (and therefore may oversimplify the complexities of
interaction of actors of governance in the case of this research);
qualitative methodology recognizes subjective ideas, experience and
perspective of individual respondents thus inducing the production
of richer insights and more precise generalisations.
24. Research Approach: Case Study Approach Once the decision on
research methodology has been made, the next important decision is
to arrive at an appropriate research approach. Creswell (2007)
suggests five types of qualitative research approach: narrative
research, phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography and case
study. One way to decide on the right approach is to assess the
type of research questions posed. Yin (2003) suggests that the case
study approach is the most appropriate approach when undertaking
research which asks mostly how or why questions.
25. Data Collection Method: Interview, Observation, Document
Review, Simulation The next important step in research design is to
decide on the most appropriate data sources and data collection
methods. Having analysed the three main qualitative methods namely
interviews, observations and review of documents plus doing a
computer simulation models, I decided to adopt all the four methods
to address the research questions, with interviewing and case study
being used as the main research tool.
26. Item DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES Organisation selection 5
organisation/parties will be selected based on their involvement in
this area: DOE, PPSPPA, vendor/contractors, local authorities
(DBKL), selected waste generators (consumers) Team selection A
panel assessment board of each or will determine one team/personnel
working on e-waste related project one team/personnel working on
related project such as industrial waste for benchmark purpose
Collection of data 1. In-depth, structured and unstructured
interview 2. Delphi Method 3. Non-participant observation 4.
Document and report analysis Data management and simulation Using
Atlas.Ti & Mendeley Using MIS application such as ERP with
mobile apps integrated Data security : password protected Data
privacy : agreement with responding companies Details on Selection
of Target Respondents
27. Delphi Method Skulmoski, G., Hartman, F., & Krahn, J.
(2007). The Delphi method for graduate research. Journal of
Information Technology Education: Research, 6(1), 1-21.
28. Expected Research Outcome & Contribution to Knowledge
The developed system is expected to be used as a model to
contribute to the nationwide household e-waste collection system.
The developed system is expected to be used as a guide for future
commercial development such as the establishment of a fully modern
e-waste recovery facilities in the country. The developed system is
crucial to be implemented for the sustainability of our
environmental and societal system.
29. Expected Limitations Coverage of research scope is quite
wide compare to resources available. Currently the author has been
able to acquire cooperation from Malaysia's Department of
Environment (DOE), Waste Management Association of Malaysia,
Environmental Research Association of Malaysia (ENSEARCH) and a
group of researchers in waste management in Faculty of Engineering
University of Malaya to assist the author with this research.
Funding for the research project. As currently this research hasnt
received any funding yet, the author expected there would be
shortcomings in carrying out the research project. Therefore a
proposal to request funding for this project will be initiated once
this research proposal has been accepted. The unavailability of
expert panel with regards to e-waste management system since a
comprehensive implementation model has not been established.
30. Conclusion This research proposal explains the prevailing
household e-waste management scenario in Malaysia. All the main
aspects are considered, including the volume of e-waste generation,
its impact on the environment and economy, e-waste management
practices, electronic items end-user attitudes, e-waste collection
and recovery activities, and legislative responses. This research
will play a significant role in contributing to the government
effort to protect the environment exploring various opportunities
to bring about social and environmental benefit to the local
community.
31. Some Tips to Share on Proposal Defense Can anyone point out
any mistake or do you have any comments? Visit
http://pollev.com/zaipul to provide your feedback. 34
32. Did not clearly clarify the type of Model to be develop
Model Process Simulations & Optimisations? Best practices /
SOPs / Manual? Business Model? 35
33. Presented Research Methodology and the Tools To Be Used
Research Methodology Qualitative Method Approach: Case Study Data
Collection Interview, Observation, Documents Review, Simulations
Delphi Method 36
34. 37 Corrected Research Methodology And The Tools To Be Used
Research Methodology Qualitative Method Approach: Case Study Data
Collection Interview, Observation, Documents Review, Simulations
Delphi Method Data Collection Interview, Observation, Documents
Review,
35. Some Other Tips.. Some other things to consider when
preparing for your PD presentation 38
36. Use Presenter View and Scripts 39 Use Presenter View
feature in Slide Show Menu in MS Power Point. Use script, notes in
PPT to avoid mumbling or panic. Dont use other presentation
software without this features.
37. Write more than 100 pages and properly bind your proposal
with good cover page 40 Good first impressions. Youll feel like
youre already halfway finishing your thesis. Yahoo! Use ring
binding instead of comb binding Ring binding Comb binding
38. Make sure you use the correct format for referencing such
as APA format Read this blog: http://blog.apastyle.org 41
39. Use Smart Art in PowerPoint to enhance the graphic
presentations. Example of choosing a SmartArt Graphics in
PowerPoint 42
40. Thank You For Your Attention. An E-Waste Robot