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Zakaah
SheikhAbdulAzeezibnBaaz
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First Edition, 1425/2004
2004 All rights reserved The Islamic Propagation Office at Rabwah
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1425/2004
2004
::
:..
:
omc.islamhouse@en
:4454900491606526-27
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4
All Praises are due toAllah alone, andmay the Peace andBlessingsofAllahbeuponhim (Muhammad)afterwhom
thereisnoProphet,anduponhisfamily,companions.
Toproceed:
Iwrote this treatise inorder to sincerely advise and remind
[the Muslims] about the obligation of Zakaah, a matter in
which many Muslims have been too careless and lenient.
Many do not offer their Zakaah in accordance towhat has
beenlegislatedinthereligion,despiteitsgreatnessanditsbe
ing one of the five pillars of Islamwithoutwhich it (Islam)
cannotstand.TheProphet()said:
Islam has been built (by Allah) upon five: The testi
mony (Shahaadah) that none has the right to be wor
shipped exceptAllah, and thatMuhammad is theMes
senger of Allah (Laa ilaaha illAllah, Muhammadur
Rasoolullaah); establishingSalaah,givingZakaah,Fast
ing(Sawm)themonthofRamadan,andperformingHajjtotheHouse[ofAllah](theKabah).(BukhariandMus
lim)
ThefactthatZakaahisanobligationupontheMuslimsisone
ofthemostapparentindicationsofthebeautyofIslamandthe
concernithasforitsadherents.ThebenefitsofZakaaharein
deednumerous,and[ithasbeenmadeobligatory]duetothe
direneedofthepooramongsttheMuslims.
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Fromitsbenefitsarethefollowing:
1. It strengthens thebondsof lovebetween the rich and the
poor,foritisfromhumannaturethatapersonshowsaffinity
tothosewhotreatthemwell.
2.Itpurifiesandcleansesthesoulanddistancesitfromgreed
and
avarice,
as
indicated
in
the
Noble
Qur`aan
when
Allah
()
says:
TakeSadaqah (alms) from theirwealth inorder topu
rify them and sanctify themwith it. [Surah atTawbah
(9):103]
3.ItcausesMuslimstogrowaccustomedtoperformingactsof
generosity,hospitalityandempathytowardsthosewhoarein
need.
4. Itbrings increaseandblessings tooneswealth,andAllah
replacesit(thewealthgivenascharitywithsomethingbetter),
asAllah()said:
And whatsoever you spend of anything (in Allahs
Cause),Hewillreplaceit.AndHeistheBestofprovid
ers.[SurahasSaba(34):39]
InaSaheeh(authentic)hadeeth,theProphet()said:
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OchildofAdam!SpendincharityandWe(Allah)will
spendonyou.1
Therearenumerousotherbenefits thatmaybe found in the
legislationofZakaah.
Aseverewarninghasbeen issued to thosewhodonotoffer
Zakaah
out
of
greed
as
well
as
those
who
fall
short
in
doing
so.Allah()said:
*
And thosewhohoardupgold and silver [alkanz: the
money, the Zakaah of which has not been paid], and
spenditnotintheWayofAllah, announceuntothema
painful torment. * On the Day when that (alkanz:
money,goldandsilver,etc.,theZakaatofwhichhasnotbeenpaid)willbeheatedintheFireofHellandwithit
will bebranded their foreheads, their flanks, and their
backs,(and itwillbesaiduntothem): Thisisthetreas
1Narrated by asSuyuti in AlJaami asSagheer.Declared saheeh byAlAlbani.
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urewhichyouhoardedforyourselves.Nowtasteofwhat
youusedtohoard.[SurahatTawbah(9):3435]
AnytypeofwealthfromwhichZakaahhasnotbeenofferedisregardedashoardeduptreasure(alkanz)forwhichonewill
bepunishedontheDayofJudgement.Thishasbeenindicated
in
the
saheeh
hadeeth
in
which
the
Prophet
()
said:
Noownerofgoldor silverwhodoesnotoffer itsdue
right (Zakaah) except that in the Day of Judgement,
platesoffirewillbebeatenoutforhim,andtheywillbe
heated in the Fire of Jahannam (Hell) and their flanks,
foreheads, and their backs will be branded with them.
Whenever theywillcool, itwillbedoneagain to them,
onaDayofwhichitslengthisfiftythousandyears,until[Allah] judgesbetween all [His] slaves.Hewill seehis
path,eithertoJannah(Paradise),ortoJahannam.(Mus
lim)
TheProphetthenfurthermentioned(inthehadeeth)thatone
whoownscamel,cattle,andsheepanddoesnotoffertheZa
kaahdueuponitwillbepunishedthroughthemontheDayof
Judgement.
IthasalsobeenauthenticallyreportedoftheMessengerofAl
lah()thathesaid:
Whomever Allah has provided with wealth and does
notoffer theZakaahdueupon it,on theDayof Judge
ment itwillbemade intoabaldheadedpoisonousmale
snakewithtwoblackspotsovertheeyes.Thesnakewillencirclehisneckandbitehischeeksandsay,Iamyour
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wealth, I am your hoarded treasure! The Prophet ()
thenrecitedAllahssaying:
And let not those who covetously withhold of that
which Allah has bestowed on them of His Bounty
(Wealth)thinkthatitisgoodforthem(andsotheydo
notpay theobligatoryZakaah).Nay, itwillbeworse
for them; the things which they covetously withheld
shallbe tied to theirneckslikeacollaron theDayof
Resurrection.
[Surah
Aali
Imraan
(3):180]2
2AlBukhaari.
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Wealth upon which Zakaah is Due
Zakaah has been made obligatory upon four categories ofwealth:
1)Grainsandfruitsproducedbytheearth,2)Grazingorherdinganimalswhichfeedfreelyfrom
theearth,
3)Goldandsilver,4)And inventory (stock)withwhich one does busi
ness.
Foreachofthesecategories,thereisaspecifiedamountunderwhichZakaahisnotobligatory(termedasnisaab).
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Fruits and Grains
Thenisaabforfruitsandgrainsis5wasaq,andonewasaqisequalto60saameasuredduringthetimeoftheProphet().
Thisamount,measuredaccordingtothesaaduringthetime
of
the
Prophet
(),
such
as
dates,
raisins,
wheat,
rice,
barley,
andtheirlikes,isequalto300saaaccordingtothesaaduring
thetimeoftheProphet().[Onesaa]isequalto4handfulsof
anaveragesizedman.3
Theamountwhichisdueuponfruitsandgrains[ifitreaches
thenisaab]is10%ifthedatepalmsorplantsrelieduponnatu
ralmeansforwater,suchasrain,rivers,flowingstreamsand
theirlikes.
If they relied on unnaturalmeans forwater, such as using
animals towaterormachineswhich liftwateror their likes,
theamountwhichisdueuponthemis5%,ashasauthentically
beenreportedbytheMessengerofAllah()4.
3Onesaaisequaltoabout3kilogramsofrice.4InahadeethnarratedbyalBukhaari:
Theamountdueuponthatwhichiswateredbytheskyorstreams,or
was..isatenth,andwhatwasfedby(manual)wateringatwentieth.
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Grazing Animals
Thenisaabforcamels,cattleandsheepwhichfedfromnatural
grazinghasbeendetailed invariousauthentichadeethofthe
MessengerofAllah(),andonewhodesiresknowledgeabout
thismayask the scholarsabout them. If itwerenot thatweseeknotto lengthen[thistreatise]wewouldhavementioned
theminordertogainthemostbenefit.
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Gold and Silver
Thenisaab forsilver is140miskals. In thecurrencyofSaudiArabia, this is equal to 56 riyals. The nisaab for gold is 20
miskals,whichisequalto113/7pounds,equalto92grams.
The amount which is due upon them is 2.5 % of the total
amountifitreachedthenisaabandwasinhiscontinuouspos
sessionforaperiodofone[Hijri]year.
Profitsmustbecalculatedwiththeoriginalstock,anditisnot
aconditionthattheybe inapersonspossessionforaperiod
ofoneyear, justas thenewbornsofherding animalsare to
taledalongwith theanimals. If theoriginalamount [ofgold
andsilver]hasreachedthenisaab,it isnotconditionthatthe
profitsbe inonespossession for theperiodofoneyear (i.e.
Zakaahmustbepaidonthewholeamount).
PaperCurrency
The
paper
currency
and
coined
money
which
people
use
to
daycomeundertherulingofgoldandsilver,whethertheybe
calledDirhams,Dinars,Dollars,oranythingelse. If itsvalue
reachesthenisaabofsilverorgoldanditisinapersonspos
sessionforaperiodofoneyear,Zakaahbecomesdueuponit.
Jewelry
Goldandsilver jewelryalsocomesunderthe[general]ruling
ofgoldandsilver.Ifitsweightreachesthenisaabanditis in
possession foraperiodofoneyear,Zakaahbecomesobliga
toryupon it.This is thecaseeven if the jewelrywasactually
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wornby theowneror lent toothers [andnot just stored for
lateruseorprofit]accordingtothecorrectofthetwoopinions
whichthescholarshold.Thisisduetothegeneralwordingof
theProphet()whenhesaid:
Noownerofgoldor silverwhodoesnotoffer itsdue
right (Zakaah) except that in the Day of Judgement,
platesoffirewillbeflattenedforhim
asmentionedpreviously.
IthasalsobeenconfirmedoftheProphet()thathesawtwo
goldbanglesonthehandofawomanandhesaid:
Doyouofferthezakaahforthis?Shereplied,No.He
said,AreyoupleasedthatAllahenclosesyouwithtwo
banglesoffireontheDayofJudgement?Soshethrew
themandsaid,TheyareforAllahandHisMessenger.
(AbuDawudandanNasaa`iwithaHasanchainofnarra
tion)
Ithasauthenticallybeen reportedofUmmSalamah () that
sheworesomegoldjewelry,andsoshesaid,OMessengerof
Allah! Is this regarded ashoardedwealth (alKanz)?He ()replied,
Whatever had reached the amount liable for Zakaah,
and then Zakaah is paid upon it, it is not regarded as
hoardedwealth(alkanz).
Therearealsootherhadeethmentionedinthisregard.
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Inventory (Stock)
Inventoryisthetotalamountofthosecommoditieswhichareinonespossessionforthepurposeofsale.Onemusttotalhis
inventoryattheendoftheyear,and2.5%mustbepaidfrom
its
value,
whether
its
value
was
equal,
greater
than,
or
less
thanitsprice.Samurahnarrated:
TheMessengerofAllah()wouldorderustogiveZa
kaahforourcommoditieswhichweowninordertosell(totradewith).(AbuDawud)
Someexamplesofcommoditieswhichareincludedinthisrul
ingareasfollows:
1.Landwhichonebuysandsells,2.Buildings,3.Cars,4.Machineswhichliftwater,5.Allothercommoditieswhichoneownsinordertosell.
Asforthebuildingswhichoneownsandgivesoutonrentbut
doesnotsell,Zakaahisdueuponitsrent,ifitisinhisposses
sion for a year [after having reached the nisaab].As for itsvalue,thereisnoZakaahuponit,foritisnotownedinorder
tosell.
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Those who have right over Zakaah
TheZakaahisarightofAllah,andoneshouldnotpreferthosewhodonothaverightto itoverothers.Apersonshouldnot
trytobenefitinanywayfromit,norshouldheuseittoavoid
some
personal
harm.
He
should
not
seek
to
protect
his
own
wealththroughit,norshouldheseektowardoffanyblame.
Rather,what is obligatory is that aMuslim give Zakaah to
thosewhohave rightover itanddeserve itandnot forany
ulteriormotive.HeshoulddosojoyfullyandsincerelyforAl
lahinorderthathe isnotheldresponsibleforitandreceives
abundantrewards.
Allah()clarifiedinHisNobleBookthecategoriesofpeople
whohavearightovertheZakaah.Allah()said:
The Sadaqaat (here it means Zakaah) are only for the
Fuqaraa(poor),andtheMasaakeen(thepoor)andthose
employed to collect (the funds); and for to attract the
heartsof thosewhohavebeen inclined (towardsIslam);
andtofreethecaptives;andforthoseindebt;andforAl
lahsCause (i.e.forMujaahidoon thosefighting in the
holywars),andforthewayfarer(atravelerwhoiscutoff
fromeverything);adutyimposedbyAllah.AndAllahis
AllKnower,AllWise.[SurahatTawbah(9):60]
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Allah reminds His servants by concluding this verse with
thesetwoGreatNamesofAllah,thatHeisAllKnowledgeable
of the conditions ofHis slaves;He knowswho exactly de
servesZakaahandwhodoesnot.HeisAllWiseinhisLegisla
tion,Will andMeasure;He does not do things except in a
mannerwhichisperfectlysuitable,evenifsomeofthesecrets
ofHisWisdommaybeunknowntosomepeople.Inthis,Hisslaves findpeace inHisLegislationandalsosubmitandsur
rendertoHisWisdom.
WeaskAllah thatHegrantusand theMuslimsTawfeeq in
His religion,andTruthfulness inour relationshipwithHim,
andthatweracetothatwhichpleasesHim,andthatHekeeps
ussafefromthosethingswhichearnHisAnger;indeedHeis
AllHearingandNear.
AndmaythePeaceandBlessingsofAllahbeuponHisslave
andmessenger,Muhammad, anduponhis family and com
panions.
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Selected Verdicts regarding Zakaah
Zakaah on Salaries
Q.Iamanemployeewhoearnsagoodsalary,allpraiseisforAllah, but I do not know how I should offerZakaah for it.
Should Ioffer it foreverymonth,orshould Iselectacertainmonth and offer Zakaah forwhatever I have inmy hands,
whether I earned it frommywork or otherwise?Also, if I
spent all my money and then earned some more which
reachesthenisaab,shouldIstartcalculatingtheyearfromthe
date
I
received
the
first
amount
which
finished,
or
from
the
dateIreceivedthenewamount?
A.Whenever you obtained a certain amount ofmoney, you
should start to calculate theyear from thatdateyou receive
thenewamount[if itreachedthenisaab].Wheneveryouob
tainmoney,youshouldmakeachartmentioningthis.Whena
yearpasses on this new amount [which has reached theni
saab],youshouldoffer itsZakaah.Zakaahshouldbeoffered
forwhatyouobtainedinMuharraminMuharram[ofthefol
lowingyear],whatyouobtained inSafar inSafar [of the fol
lowingyear], andwhatyouobtained inRabeeulAakhir in
RabeeulAakhir[of the followingyear]5, etc.But ifyoupaid
5If thesalaryofonemonthdoesnotreach thenisaab, then thecalculation
startswhenitdoesreachthenisaab.Soifittakesthreemonthstoreachthe
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Zakaah for the lastamountbeforehandalongwith the first,
paying itbefore its time, it is fineandyouare thanked.So if
you have received a salary for Muharran, Safar, Rabeeul
Awwal,RabeeulAakhir, etc., andyouhave recorded allof
them,andthenyoupaytheZakaahforallofthembeforehand
alongwithMuharram, there isnoharm in this.Youwillbe
payingtheZakaahforallofthemwhenayearpassesonthefirstamount.Thereisnoharmifyoudothis,ratherthisisbet
ter and preferable6.Butwhat is obligatory upon you is that
you pay theZakaahwhen its time comes;whenever a year
passesuponacertainamount[whichhasreachedthenisaab],
youmustpaywhat isdueupon itaccording toyourrecords
andtime.Andifyoupaidwhatwasdueuponsomeportionof
thatwealthbefore itsactual timealongwith [thepaymentof
nisaab, this is the date on which the calculation should start. The nextamountwill be recorded thenext time the amount reachesnisaab,which
maybe a fewmonths later. So thepersonmaynotnecessarily bepaying
Zakaah foreverymonthhereceivedasalary,butratherhe ispaying iton
thatamountwhichhasbeeninhispossessionforaperiodofayearsincethe
timeitreachedthenisaab.
6Thereason it ispreferable is that it isextremelydifficult torecordall the
moneywhichcomes intoapersonshandsand leaves them,and thismay
leadapersontoimproperlyofferhisZakaah.IfapersonpaystheZakaahfor
the remaining 11monthswhen a year passes on the first amountwhich
reached thenisaab, thenhewillhave surelypaidwhatwasdueonallhis
wealth for that year.Although hewas unsurewhether the remaining 11
monthsactuallywillhaveremainedinhispossessionforatotalyear,what
everextrahepaysisregardedascharity.
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Zakaahonthewealth]beforeit,thenthere isnoharm inthis
as we mentioned. (Majmooul Fataawaa, AbdulAzeez ibn
Baaz,v.14,p,138)
Q. Iamanemployeewhoearnsasalary,andeverymonth I
save
a
portion
if
it.
There
is
no
certain
percentage
which
I
save,
sohowshouldIpaytheZakaahdueuponthiswealth?
A. It isobligatoryuponyou topay theZakaahofeverypor
tionwhichyouhavesavedifayearpasseswithitinyourpos
sessionandithadreachedthenisaab.IfyoupaidtheZakaah
foralltheamountsbeforehandatthetimeayearpassesonthe
firstamount,this issufficient.Inthiscase,theZakaahonthe
lateramountswouldhavebeenpaidbeforehandbeforeayear
passesuponit,andpayingZakaahbeforeayearpassesupon
wealthispermissible,especiallyincaseswherethereisaneed
and a legislative advantage in doing so. (Majmooul Fa
taawaa,AbdulAzeezibnBaaz,v.14,p,143)
Zakaah on Loans.
Q. By the Grace of Allah and his Guidance, I worked for
twentyyears,and Isavedthreesumsofmoney.I lentarela
tiveofmine an amount for a fixed timeperiod, and time is
passing and I have no hope of reimbursement. The second
amountIlenttoanotherrelativeinordertodosomebusiness,but years have passedwithout him doing anythingwith it.
Thethirdamountisinmypossession.
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WhatistherulingregardingtheZakaahontheamountwhich
wasnotreimbursed,theamountwhichwasgivenforbusiness
purposesbutwasnotused,andtheamountfromwhichIper
sonallyspend?Enlightenus,mayAllahenlightenyou.
A.YoumustpayZakaah for theamountwhichyouhave in
yourpossessionaswellastheamountwhichiswithyourrela
tive for business but did not use itwhenever a year passes
uponit,exceptifyourrelativespenttheamountyougavehim
[forbusiness]forsomepersonalneedand isunabletoreturn
it.Inthiscasethere isnoZakaahupon ituntilhereimburses
youandayearpasseswithitinyourpossession.
Asfortheamountwhichiswithyourfirstrelative,thematter
requires
some
further
clarification.
Ifhehaswealthand isabletopayyouback,youmustpay
Zakaah upon the amount whenever a year passes upon it.
There isnoharm indelaying theZakaahuntilhereimburses
youandpaying forall thepreviousyears,but it issaferand
betterthatyoupayiteveryyearasaprecautionagainstforget
fulnessordeath.
If he is unable to reimburse you, or he is able but is con
stantlydeferringpaymentorisrefusingtopay,itisnotobliga
toryuponyou topay theZakaahaccording to thecorrectof
thetwostancesofthescholars,untilhereimbursesyouanda
yearpasseswith it inyourpossession.Zakaah ismeantasa
consolation(tothepoor),andthisconsolationisnotobligatory
uponwealthwhichyoudonowknowwhetheryouwillob
tain.(MajmooulFataawaa,AbdulAzeezibnBaaz,v.14,p,42)
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Interest-based Dealings with Banks and its Zakaah
Q.Manypeopledealwithbanks,anditmaybethattheygetintoimpermissibledealingslikeinterest.IsZakaahtobepaid
onthisamount,andhowistobeoffered?
A. It is impermissible todeal in interest,whetherwithbanks
or anything else,and all theprofitsgained from interest are
impermissible.Theyarenotconsideredhiswealth,and ifhe
tookpossessionofitknowingtherulingofAllahinitsregard,
itisobligatorythathedisposes(ofthatwealth)bygivingitto
charitablepurposes.Ifhehasnottakenpossessionof it,he is
only allowed to take back his capital amount, asAllah ()
said:
*
Oyouwhobelieve!BeafraidofAllahandgiveupwhatremains(duetoyou)frominterest,ifyouare(really)be
lievers.*And ifyoudonotdo it, then takeanoticeof
war from Allah and His Messenger. But if you repent,
youshallhaveyourcapitalsums.Dealnotunjustly (by
askingmore thanyour capital sums),andyou shallnot
bedealtwithunjustly(byreceivinglessthanyourcapital
sums).[SurahalBaqarah(2):278279]
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IfhehadtakentheinterestbeforeknowingtherulingofAllah
initsregard,hemaykeepitanditisnotobligatoryuponhim
todisposeofit,asAllahsaid:
Allahhaspermitted tradingand forbidden interest.So
whosoever receives an admonition from his Lord and
stopseating interest shallnotbepunished for thepast;
his case is forAllah (to judge);butwhoever returns [to
dealing in interest)], such are thedwellersof theFire
theywillabidetherein.[SurahalBaqarah(2):275]
ThepersonmustpayZakaahonthatportionwhichisnotfrom
theprofitsofinterest,ashedoesforallhisotherwealthupon
whichZakaahisdue.Butifhedidnothaveknowledgeofits
impermissibility,Zakaahmust alsobepaidupon theprofits
made
from
interest
before,
for
it
is
like
the
rest
of
his
wealth
due to theversementioned above,AllGuidance toCorrect
ness is fromAllah. (Majmooul Fataawaa,AbdulAzeez ibn
Baaz,v.14,p,153)
Giving Zakaah to Islamic Centers
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Q.ThereisacharitablecenterforteachingQur`aantowomen
whichwill soonbe open, by theWill ofAllah (), and this
center, like other charitable projects, needsmuch money to
meetitsexpenditures,likesalariesfortheteachers,officefur
niture,busesfortheteachersandstudents,etc.Is itpermissi
ble,Orespectedsheikh,thatZakaahbespentonthiscenter?
A. It isnotpermissible thatZakaahbe spenton itexcepton
those teachers who are needy andwhose husbands do not
spendonthem,andthosewhohavenowelltodoguardians
whichareabletospenduponthem.Salariesshouldbeonlybe
given[fromtheZakaah]tothoseofthemwhorequiremoney
for their necessary expenditures.As for office furniture and
buses,moneyotherthanZakaahshouldbespentonthem,like
charitabledonations, endowments, andgeneral charity.And
Allah knows best. (Abdullah ibn Jibreen,
www.islamtoday.net)
