ZAKAT CORE PRINCIPLES &TECHNICAL NOTE

Prinsip Utama Zakat dan Catatan Teknis

ZAKAT CORE PRINCIPLEPrinsip Utama Zakat

Zakat Core Principle

• Core Principles for Effective Zakat Supervision (Prinsip-prinsip Utama UntukPengawasan Zakat yang Efektif) atau lebih dikenal dengan Zakat Core Principles adalah Standar Internasional Pengelolaan dan Pengawasan Zakat yang diperkenalkan oleh Kementrian Agama, Baznas, Bank Indonesia, dan lembagazakat dari 10 negara yang tergabung dalam International Working Group on Zakat Core Principle (IWGZCP).

• IWGZCP terdiri dari perwakilan negara dan lembaga seperti Islamic Development Bank, Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, Singapore, India, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Turki, Bosnia, Sudan, Afrika Selatan, New Zaeland dan Australia. Group ini bertemusecara berkala terutama pada pertemuan tahunan World Zakat Forum

• ZCP diendorse oleh Islamic Development Bank pada 2016 di Istambul dandilaunching oleh Bank Indonesia.

• Dari ZCP ini disusun aturan teknis yang disebut Technical Note (Catatan Teknis) untuk menjelaskan ketentuan-ketentuan lebih rinci mengenai standarpelaksanaan zakat yang efektif, efisien, dan sesuai syariah

Model Kelembagaan Amil Berbagai Negara

ModelCharacter of Collection

Compulsory Voluntary

Full Government

Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Sudan, Libya,

Yemen Arab Republic,

Kuwait,Malaysia (Johor, Kedah,

Kelantan, Perak, Perlis, Sabah, and

Terengganu)

Bangladesh, Bahrain, Jordan,

Indonesia

Government-linked institution

(Corporation)

Malaysia (Pulau Pinang, Selangor,

Sarawak, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang,

Melaka, and Wilayah Persekutuan)

Singapore, Egypt

NGO- South Africa, Algeria, Indonesia

DAFTAR ISI

• I. Foreword to Review• Background• Objectives• Methodology• Regulatory Aspects of Zakat

• General Activities of Zakat Management

• Institutional Foundation• Zakat Administers Qualifications• Supporting Infrastructures• General Regulatory Framework for

Zakat Management• Zakat Regulations and Basel Core Principles

in Comparison• Preconditions for Effective Zakat

Supervision

• I. Pendahuluan

• Latar Belakang

• Tujuan

• Metodologi

• Aspek Regulasi Zakat• Aktivitas Umum Manajemen Zakat• Dasar Kelembagaan• Kualifikasi Administrator Zakat• Infrastruktur Pendukung• Kerangka Regulasi Umum Manajemen Zakat

• Regulasi Zakat dan Prinsip Inti Basel dalamPerbandingan

• Pre-kondisi untuk Pengawasan Zakat yang Efektif

DAFTAR ISI

• II. Assessment Methodology• Use of Methodology

• Assessment of Compliance

• Practical Considerations in Conducting an Assessment

• III. Proposed Core Principles with Its Criteria for Compliance Assessment• Legal Foundation: ZCP 1 – 3

• Supervisory Approach: ZCP 4 – 6

• Zakat Governance: ZCP 7 – 8

• Intermediary Function: ZCP 9 – 10

• Risk Management: ZCP 11 – 14

• Shari’ah Governance: ZCP 15 – 18

• II . Metodologi Penilaian (Asesmen)

• Penggunaan Metodologi

• Penilaian Kepatuhan

• Pertimbangan Praktis dalamMelaksanakan Asesmen

• III. Proposal Prinsip Utama dengan Kriteriauntuk Penilaian Kepatuhan

• Dasar Kelembagaan : ZCP 1 – 3

• Pendekatan Pengawasan: ZCP 4 – 6

• Tata Kelola Zakat: ZCP 7 – 8

• Fungsi Intermediari: : ZCP 9 – 10

• Manajemen Risiko: ZCP 11 – 14

• Tata Kelola Syariah : ZCP 15 – 18

BACKGROUND

• Economic development program is set by government to deliver prosperity to the society in every countryacross the globe.

• Despite colorful general figure of economic development, disparity in the society becomes a major issue in almost every country in the world.

• Islam has a genuine spirit in promoting economic justice and equality through the implementation of redistribution mechanism called Zakat.

• An international collaboration in terms of working group is deemed necessary to explore the potential of zakat development in the future.

• Program pembangunan ekonomi diatur olehpemerintah untuk memberikan kemakmuranbagi masyarakat di setiap negara di seluruhdunia.

• Meskipun terdapat berbagai keberhasilan daripembangunan ekonomi, disparitas dalammasyarakat menjadi masalah utama di hampirsetiap negara di dunia.

• Islam memiliki semangat tulus dalammempromosikan keadilan ekonomi dankesetaraan melalui penerapan mekanismeredistribusi yang disebut Zakat.

• Kolaborasi internasional dalam hal kelompokkerja dianggap perlu untuk mengeksplorasipotensi pengembangan zakat di masa depan.

OBJECTIVES

• The Zakat Core Principles are formulized to set minimum regulatory requirements so that the operations zakat mobilization can be effectively conducted. The document contains 2 main objectives as follows:• (i) Providing a brief description about the

foundation of zakat operations used to set the Zakat Core Principles.

• (ii) The Zakat Core Principles provides all regulatory aspects relating to the Zakat operations that promote effective Zakat operations.

• Prinsip Utama Zakat diformulasikanuntuk menetapkan persyaratanperaturan minimum sehingga operasimobilisasi zakat dapat dilakukansecara efektif. Dokumen berisi 2 tujuan utama sebagai berikut:• (i) Memberikan deskripsi singkat tentang

dasar operasi zakat yang digunakanuntuk menetapkan Prinsip Inti Zakat.

• (ii) Prinsip Inti Zakat memberikan semuaaspek peraturan yang berkaitan denganoperasi Zakat yang mendorong operasiZakat yang efektif.

METHODOLOGY

• The structure of the Zakat Core Principles uses the contemporary structure of financial regulations i.e. the international banking standards that has been internationally accepted with necessary adjustments in certain aspects representing Zakat operations that do not exist in the conventional system. The analysis conducted in this study assesses the relevance of the contemporary regulatory elements to a possible zakat regulation.

• The paper classifies the regulatory items which are in contradiction of the concept of zakat and relevant to the proposed zakat regulation. Based on the historical zakat system and Qur’anic analysis, this paper may also offer new elements of regulations for zakat system.

• Struktur Prinsip Utama Zakat menggunakanstruktur kontemporer dari peraturan keuanganyaitu standar perbankan internasional yang telahditerima secara internasional dengan penyesuaianyang diperlukan dalam aspek-aspek tertentu yang mewakili operasi Zakat yang tidak ada dalamsistem konvensional. Analisis yang dilakukan dalampenelitian ini menilai relevansi elemen regulasikontemporer dengan kemungkinan regulasi zakat.

• Makalah ini mengklasifikasikan item peraturanyang bertentangan dengan konsep zakat danrelevan dengan peraturan zakat yang diusulkan. Berdasarkan pada sistem zakat historis dan analisisAl-Qur'an, makalah ini juga dapat menawarkanelemen peraturan baru untuk sistem zakat.

Regulatory aspects of Zakat

• Zakat being the third pillar of Islam refers to the determined portion of wealth prescribed by Allah to be distributed among the due beneficiaries.

• In Islamic jurisprudence, zakat is the expenditure that is legal and compulsory. A payment of zakat is the fulfillment of Muslim’s obligation as khalifah in this world

• four aspects that has to be observed for zakat collection in adherence to Shari’ah principles,

• Zakatable wealth and its method of calculation• Methods of collection• Promotion of Zakat Collection• Safe keeping

• Zakat menjadi pilar ketiga Islam mengacupada porsi kekayaan yang ditentukan olehAllah untuk dibagikan kepada para penerimamanfaat.

• Dalam yurisprudensi Islam, zakat adalahpengeluaran yang legal dan wajib. Pembayaran zakat adalah pemenuhankewajiban Muslim sebagai khalifah di duniaini

• Empat aspek yang harus diperhatikan untukpengumpulan zakat sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip Syariah,

• Kekayaan zakat dan metode perhitungannya• Metode pengumpulan• Promosi Koleksi Zakat• Penyimpanan yang aman

Regulatory aspects of Zakat

• While for disbursement and allocation program, there are 3 aspects that should be observed under the purview of Shari’ahprinciples• Recipients and Zakat Allocation

• Area of distribution

• Performance indicators

• Dalam program pencairan danalokasi, ada 3 aspek yang harusdiperhatikan di bawah asasprinsip-prinsip Syariah• Penerima dan Alokasi Zakat

• Area distribusi

• Indikator kinerja

Zakat Regulations and Basel Core Principles in Comparison

BCP 1 : Responsibilities, objectives and powers

BCP 2 : Independence, accountability, resourcing and legal protection

for supervisors

BCP 3 : Cooperation and collaboration

BCP 4 : Permissible activities

BCP 5 : Licensing criteria

BCP 6 : Transfer of significant ownership -

BCP 7 : Major acquisitions -

Basel Core Principles

Supervisory Powers, Responsibilities and FunctionsKewenangan, Tanggungjawab dan Fungsi Pengawasan

ZCP 1 : Objectives, independence, and powers

Tujuan, Independensi dan Kewenangan

ZCP 2 : Permissible activities

Aktifitas yang dibolehkan

ZCP 3 : Licensing criteria

Kriteria Perizinan

Zakat Core Principles

Supervisory Powers, Responsibilities and FunctionsKewenangan, Tanggungjawab dan Fungsi Pengawasan

Zakat Core Principles

ZCP 4 : Zakat supervisory approach

Pendekatan Pengawasan Zakat

ZCP 5 : Zakat supervisory techniques and tools

Teknik dan Instrumen Pengawasan Zakat

ZCP 6 : Zakat supervisory

Pengawasan Zakat

ZCP 7 : Corrective and sanctioning powers of zakat supervisor

Kewenangan Korektif dan Sangsi oleh Pengawas Zakat

Basel Core Principles

BCP 8 : Supervisory approach

BCP 9 : Supervisory techniques and tools

BCP 10 : Supervisory reporting reporting

BCP 11 : Corrective and sanctioning powers of

supervisors

BCP 12 : Consolidated supervision -

BCP 13 : Home-host relationships -

Zakat Regulations and Basel Core Principles in Comparison

Prudential Regulations and RequirementsPengaturan dan Syarat Kehati-hatian

Zakat Core PrinciplesBasel Core Principles

BCP 14 : Corporate governance

BCP 15 : Risk management process

BCP 16 : Capital adequacy

BCP 17 : Credit risk

BCP 18 : Problem assets, provisions and reserves

BCP19 : Concentration risk &large exposure limits

BCP 20 : Transactions with related parties

BCP 21 : Country and transfer risks

ZCP 8 : Good amil governance (Tata Kelola Amil)

ZCP 9 : Collection management (Manajemen Penghimpunan)

ZCP 10 : Disbursement management (Manajemen Pencairan)

ZCP 11 : Country and transfer risks (Risiko Negara dan Transfer)

Zakat Regulations and Basel Core Principles in Comparison

BCP 22 : Market risk

BCP 23 : Interest rate risk in the banking book -

BCP 24 : Liquidity risk

BCP 25 : Operational risk

BCP 26 : Internal control and audit

BCP 27 : Financial reporting and external audit

BCP 28 : Disclosure and transparency

BCP 29 : Abuse of financial services

ZCP 12 : Reputation and muzakki loss risk (Risiko Reputasi dan Kerugian Muzakki)

ZCP 13 : Disbursement risk (Risiko Pencairan)

ZCP 14 : Operational risk (Risiko Operasional)

ZCP 15 : Shari’ah control and internal audit (Pengawasan Syariah dan Audit

Internal)

ZCP 16 : Financial reporting and external audit (Pelaporan Finansial dan Audit

Eksternal)

ZCP 17 : Disclosure and transparency (Pengungkapan dan Transparansi)

ZCP 18 : Abuse of zakat services (Penyalahgunaan Pelayanan Zakat)

Zakat Core PrinciplesBasel Core Principles

Prudential Regulations and RequirementsPengaturan dan Syarat Kehati-hatian

Zakat Regulations and Basel Core Principles in Comparison

Six Major Areas of Zakat Core PrinciplesEnam Bidang Penting dalam Prinsip Utama Zakat

No. Dimensions ZCP

1 Legal Foundations

Dasar Kelembagaan

ZCP 1 – ZCP 3

2 Zakat Supervision

Pengawasan Zakat

ZCP 4 – ZCP 6

3 Zakat Governance

Tata Kelola Zakat

ZCP 7 – ZCP 8

4 Intermediary Function

Fungsi Intermediari

ZCP 9 – ZCP 10

5 Risk Management

Manajemen Risiko

ZCP 11 – ZCP 14

6 Shari’ah Governance

Tata Kelola Syariah

ZCP 15 – ZCP 18

ZCP form (See Appendix)

ZCP –Area

Essential Criteria

Additional Criteria

Legal Foundations

Dasar Kelembagaan

ZCP - 1Objectives, independence, and powersTujuan, Independensi danKewenangan

Laws, regulation, or other legal framework for zakat supervision is clearly defined to provide each responsible authority with the necessary legal powers and independent rule.

Hukum, peraturan, atau kerangka hukum lainnya untuk pengawasan zakat secara jelas didefinisikan untuk memberikan setiap otoritas yang bertanggungjawab dengan kekuatan hukum yang diperlukan dan aturan independen.

ZCP – 2Permissible ActivitiesKegiatan yang Dibolehkan

Laws, regulations, or other arrangements clearly define the permissible activities of zakat institutions in accordance with the principles of shari’ah, including the field of zakat collections, zakat disbursement, and other religious charitable funds.

Hukum, peraturan, atau pengaturan lain dengan jelas mendefinisikankegiatan yang diizinkan dari lembaga zakat sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsipsyariah, termasuk bidang pengumpulan zakat, pencairan zakat, dan dana amal keagamaan lainnya.

ZCP – 3Licensing CriteriaKriteria Perizinan

The licensing authority has the regulatory power to set criteria for licensing zakat institutions and reject applications that do not meet the criteria.

Otoritas perizinan memiliki kekuatan regulasi untuk menetapkan kriteriaperizinan lembaga zakat dan menolak aplikasi yang tidak memenuhi kriteria

Zakat Supervision

Pengawasan Zakat

ZCP – 4Supervisory ApproachPendekatan Pengawasan

The zakat supervisor has a supervision scheme on an integrated basis covering all aspects of the zakat collection and zakat disbursement.

Pengawas zakat memiliki skema pengawasan secara terpadu yang mencakup semua aspek pengumpulan zakat dan pencairan zakat.

ZCP – 5Supervisory Techniques and ToolsTeknik dan InstrumenPengawasan

The zakat supervisor uses an appropriate range of techniques and tools to implement the supervisory approach and employs zakat supervisory resources which are subject to adequate validation and verification.

Pengawas zakat menggunakan berbagai teknik dan alat yang tepat untuk menerapkan pendekatan pengawasan danmenggunakan sumber daya pengawasan zakat yang harus melaluivalidasi dan verifikasi yang memadai.

ZCP – 6Supervisory ReportingLaporan Pengawasan

The zakat supervisor collects, reviews, and analyses zakat institutions’ performance.

Pengawas zakat mengumpulkan, meninjau, dan menganalisis kinerja lembaga zakat.

Zakat Governance

Tata Kelola Zakat

ZCP – 7Corrective and sanctioning power of zakat supervisorKewenangan Korektif danPemberian Sangsi PengawasZakat

The zakat supervisor has an adequate range of supervisory tools to bring about timely corrective actions, the ability to revoke the license of zakat institutions and to recommend its revocation.Pengawas zakat memiliki serangkaian alat pengawasan yang memadaiuntuk menghasilkan tindakan korektif yang tepat waktu, kemampuan untukmencabut izin lembaga zakat dan merekomendasikan pencabutannya.

ZCP – 8Good Amil GovernanceTata Kelola Amil

The zakat supervisor determines that zakat institutions have robust amilgovernance’s policies and processes covering shari’ah compliance, strategic tools, control environment, zakat management knowledge and responsibilities of the zakat institutions’ Boards

Pengawas zakat menentukan bahwa lembaga zakat memiliki kebijakandan proses tata kelola amil yang kuat yang mencakup kepatuhansyariah, alat strategis, lingkungan kontrol, pengetahuan manajemenzakat, dan tanggung jawab pengurus/dewan lembaga zakat

Intermediary Function

Fungsi Intermediari

ZCP – 9Collection managementManajemen Penghimpunan

The zakat supervisor determines that zakat institutions have adequate policies and processes for nisabassesment and zakatable assets.

Pengawas zakat menentukan bahwa lembaga-lembaga zakat memiliki kebijakan dan proses yang memadai untuk penilaian nisab dan asetyang dapat dikenakan zakat.

ZCP – 10Disbursement managementManajemen Pencairan

The zakat supervisor determines that zakat institutions have adequate policies and processes to manage zakat funds and distribution system

Pengawas zakat menentukan bahwa lembagazakat memiliki kebijakan dan proses yang memadai untuk mengelola dana zakat dan sistemdistribusi

Risk Management

Manajemen Risiko

ZCP – 11Country and transfer riskRisiko Negara dan Transfer

The zakat supervisor determines that zakat institutions have adequate policies and processes to control country risk and transfer risk of zakat in their international zakat transfer activities

Pengawas zakat menentukan bahwa lembaga zakat memiliki kebijakan dan proses yang memadai untuk mengendalikan risiko negara dan mentransfer risiko zakat dalamkegiatan transfer zakat internasional mereka.

ZCP – 12Reputation Risk and Lack of ConfidenceRisiko Reputasi danKepecayaan

The zakat supervisor determines that zakat institutions have an adequate management framework to handle contagion, reputation, and lack of confidence risks.

Pengawas zakat menentukan bahwa lembaga zakat memiliki kerangka kerjamanajemen yang memadai untuk menangani risiko penularan, reputasi, dankurangnya kepercayaan diri.

ZCP – 13Allocation riskRisiko Pengalokasian

Zakat institutions should be able to mitigate allocation risks such as financial position sound and misallocation of distribution activities

Lembaga zakat harus dapat memitigasi risiko alokasi seperti posisi keuangan yang sehat dan kesalahan alokasi kegiatan distribusi

ZCP – 14Operational and shariahcompliant riskRisko Operasional dan Syariah

The zakat supervisor determines that zakat institutions should have proper operational and shariah compliant risks management to minimize potential fraudulent practices, anticipation towards system breakdown and any other potential disturbance.

Pengawas zakat menentukan bahwa lembaga zakat harus memiliki manajemen risikoyang sesuai dengan operasional dan syariah untuk meminimalkan potensi praktikpenipuan, antisipasi terhadap gangguan sistem dan potensi gangguan lainnya.

Shari’ah Governance

Tata Kelola Syariah

ZCP – 15Shari’ah control and internal auditPengawasan Syariah dan Audit Internal

The zakat supervisor determines zakat institutions to have appropriate shari’ah control and internal audit frameworks to establish and maintain a properly controlled operating environment in the light of shari’ah.

Pengawas zakat menentukan lembaga zakat untuk memiliki kontrolsyariah yang sesuai dan kerangka kerja audit internal untukmembangun dan memelihara lingkungan operasi yang terkendalidengan baik dalam kerangka syariah.

ZCP – 16Financial Reporting andExternal AuditLaporan Keuangan dan Audit Eksternal

The zakat supervisor determines that zakat institutions maintain reliable records of financial statements, annual publication and external audit function.

Pengawas zakat menentukan bahwa lembaga zakat memeliharacatatan laporan keuangan yang dapat diandalkan, publikasi tahunandan fungsi audit eksternal.

ZCP – 17Disclosure and transparencyPengungkapan dan Transparansi

The zakat supervisor determines that zakat institutions regularly publish consolidated information that is easily accessible and fairly reflects their financial condition and performance.

Pengawas zakat menentukan bahwa lembaga-lembaga zakat secarateratur mempublikasikan informasi terkonsolidasi yang mudah

TECHNICAL NOTECatatan Teknis

Technical NoteCatatan Teknis• Technical Note adalah standar turunan (derivasi) dari Zakat Core Principles

• Technical Notes yang sudah ditetapkan sebagai rincian aturan dari ZCP, yaitu• Technical Note on Good Amil Governance (Tata Kelola Amil)

• Technical Note on Risk Management (Manajemen Risiko)

• Technical Note on Sharia Governance (Tata Kelola Syariah)

• Sedang dalam pembahasan• Technical Note on Disclosure and Transparency (Pengungkapan dan Transparansi) –

draft

• Technical Note on Financial Reporting and External Audit (Laporan Keuangan danAudit Eksternal) - draft

Implementasi

• Implementasi ZCP dan Technical Notes mulai dilaksanakan di Indonesia Tahun 2020 dengan melibatkan beberapa lembagapengelola zakat dengan focus mengukur tingkat /indeks kesesuaianpengaturan dan manajemen lembaga zakat kepada standar yang telahditetapkan.

AKHIR PRESENTASITerima kasih

Appendix

Zakat Core Principles Key Words

ZCP - 1

Objectives, independence,

and powers

Laws, regulation, or other legal framework for zakat supervision is clearly defined to provide each responsible

authority with the necessary legal powers and independent rule.

Essential criteria 1. The main objective of zakat supervision is to promote the minimum standard for sound regulation and supervision

of zakat management system.

2. The effective zakat system should have a solid legal foundation in terms of zakat act.

3. The ruling zakat act is adequate and comprehensively translated into operational regulation.

4. The elements of independence and power to regulate have to be clearly mentioned in the articles of zakat act. Zakat

funds should be managed independently in accordance with shari’ah rules.

5. Zakat act and its operating rules and regulations have to be recognized by other relevant acts and regulations.

6. The zakat act should clearly define regulatory and supervisory structures that cover shari’ah rules.

7. The zakat supervisor has the power to:

a) get full access to zakat institutions’ Boards, management, staff and records;

b) review the overall activities of a zakat institution, both collection and disbursement;

c) impose an appropriate corrections, sanctions and revoke the zakat institution’s license when a zakat institution is

not complying with the rules

8. In case for minority Muslim country, zakat institutions should comply with prevailing local regulation and legal

Islamic council, such as Charity Act or other relevant rules and regulations in the absence of zakat supervisor.

Additional criteria 1. Zakat system has to have a logical and operational relationship with central and local government activities.

2. The zakat supervisor has to have sufficient local and cross border cooperation with other regulatory bodies.

3. In case for minority Muslim country, zakat institutions should cooperate with local government and charity

organization for humanitarian purposes.