Zavala-Hildago, Jorge

8/3/2019 Zavala-Hildago, Jorge

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Sea-Level trends alon Mexico’s coast

orge ava a- a goCentro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, UNAM

e pe ern n ez aguey, os . an agoInstituto de Geofísica, UNAM

SEA LEVEL RISE IN THE GULF OF MEXICO , MARCH 1-3 2010



Background

It is operated by the Institute of Geophysics in UNAM Sea level measurements began in 7 sites: 4 along the Mexican Pacific

, ,Gulf of Mexico (Veracruz, Coatzacoalcos and Progreso).

In 1957, 11 stations were working. Between 1 1 8 1 sites were workin : 8 in the Pacific coast and

6 along the Mexican coast of the Gulf of Mexico.

Measurements on several sites were taken during short periods (~one year)

The main goal was to know the tides in the more important ports of theCountry.

More than 30 sites have been studied and tide calendars and tables aree a orate or t em.



Location of Ver acruz tide-gauge and benchm arks



Gulf of Mexico



Mean w inds from QuickSCAT 1996-2006





Temperature and currents at 40 m



Sea level in Veracruz, Ver.



Sea level in Cd. Mader o, Tam ps.



Sea level in Tuxpan, Ver .



Sea level in Alvarado, Ver .



Sea level in Coatzacoalcos, Ver .



Sea level in Cd. del Carm en, Cam p.



Sea level in Pr ogreso, Yuc.



Sea level long-term trends

Site

Trend

(mm/year) Period

.

in thecomputation

Alvarado, Ver. 1.9 ± 2.3 1955-1981 19

Cd. del Carmen, Camp. 3.4 ± 1.0 1956-1990 26

- . .

Coatzacoalcos, Ver. 2.9 ± 1.5 1952-1988 22

Progreso, Yuc. 2.5 ± 1.2 1952-1984 27

Veracruz, Ver. 1.9 ± 0.6 1952-2003 43

Tuxpan, Ver. 2.8 ± 2.3 1958-1989 16



Sea level differen ce betw een Veracr uz an d

Cd. Mader o



Current work in UNAM sea level network



Modernization of UNAM sea level service

Monitor and forecast

Tides

Storm surges

Sea level changes due to atmospheric and oceanographic

phenomena e c es

Long term sea level changes (climate change and other processes)

Earthquakes and slow earthquakes

Coastal oceanography

Tsunamis



UNAM sea level network UNAM sea level network

WORKING: 12PROGRAMMED FORREHABILITATION:14

MATLAPAZ

TOP

PES

TAMPRO

SNCAR

MZTL

SNBLAS COZ

IM

VER

CA R

PVALL

L CAR

ZIHUA

ACA

SALCR

Ca m

ALV COA

CHETFRO

P MOR

P ANG HUAT PCHIS



Almost real time data (Veracru z)http://www.mareografico.unam.mx



Alm ost rea l time data (Acapulco)http://www.mareografico.unam.mx



Conclusions

climate change one of them

Regional studies are needed to monitor local sea levelchan es and trends

Positive sea level trends are observed in all analyzed sites inthe Mexican coasts of the Gulf of Mexico

and 1.79 mm year-1), intermediate trends in Cd. del Carmen,Tuxpan and Progreso (3.38, 2.82 and 2.45 mm year-1). Thelargest trend is observed in Cd. Madero, Tamps. (9.16

mm year-1). A careful update of these trends is needed with new data Is ur ent to make an extraordinar effort to monitor the sea

level with state of the art technology



Thank you !

Veracruz, Ver



Mexican tide-gauge stations

Traditional New stations

Float sensor Benchmark network

(GLOSS prototype)

Sea level float sensor

(sometimes) Tide-gauge ruler Observer

Benchmark network GPS Sea level radar sensor Sea level pressure sensor Meteorological sensors (SLP, air

temperature, relative humidity,

Ocean variables (temperature,salinity, waves)

Tide-gauge ruler Electronic observer (switch)



Sites with longest time series



1998 Ver acruz daily sea level



Current work in UNAM sea level network



Website and database Website and databasehttp://www.mareografico.unam.mx

Near real time data

Database



Veracruz



Veracruz



Cd. del Carm en



Isla Mujeres



Celestún



Tuxpan



Cozumel



Pto. Morelos Q. R.



Instruments

C - GPS

Float sensor

Transmission by GPRS



Leveling



Maintenance

i ifi



Mexican Pacific



Sea level in Acapulco, Gro.

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Zavala-Hildago, Jorge

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