ZEPPELINS

Benefits: Speed: 55-70 mph / silent -wind

High Altitudes: 22,000 ft / hydrogen blimp

Long Distance: Germany to England and back!

Weapons: 2 ton bomb / machine guns

Large capacity: move soldiers / supplies

Black Paint Underbody: hide from search lights!

Problems: Costly: manufacture / fuel

Not Accurate: kill more civilians than soldiers / hit target only 10% of time

Wind:

Planes!!!• Fly higher: lose oxygen / freeze

• Slow / Size (800 ft)

• Incendiary bullets: nitro-glycerine / phosphorous ignited the hydrogen gas

IMPACT:

TERROR WEAPON

RECONNAISSANCEEARLY ADVANTAGE: GERMANY

MACHINE GUN / SUPPLIES / MEN

FORCED DEVELOPMENT OF PLANES

AIRPLANES

PROBLEMS:Material: wood, cable (drag), fabric / catch fire

Speed: 50-80 mph / poor distance

Engine too Heavy: crash landing / hand guns / bricks / spears

Reconnaissance: pilot take notes

Machine Gun: no place to put it / stand / shoot propeller off!

Airplane Improvements:Material: STEEL

Speed: 120-200 mph

Engine: multi engine / bi plane / triplane

Reconnaissance: camera

Machine Gun: synchronize its firing with the rotation of the propellers

IMPACT:SCOUT

STALEMATE IN AIR! - FIGHTER

BOMB TRENCHES AND BEHIND LINE

BOMBER

Machine Guns

PROBLEMS: Heavy: mounted only / 30-60 kg / 6-10 operators

Short burst: overheat / limited range / jammed

Firepower limited: 400-600 round per minute

Crank operated

IMPROVEMENTS: Water cooling: built-in system

Firepower: 800-1200 rounds per minute / material bullet belt

Efficient: recoil power of the previously fired bullet to reload rather than hand-powered

Weight: 10-15 kg 1918 submachine gun

IMPACT:MOBILE WEAPON

FORCED WAR INTO TRENCHES

STALEMATE

MEN CARRY IT

KILLER

Chemical Warfare

PROBLEMS:• Tear gas (bromide)- irritate eyes / cough /

sneezing

• Chemicals: not lethal!

• Delivery systems: grenades / hand cranked containers / wind / limited range

• Weather: cold temperature freezes gas vapors

• Not Accurate

1

2

3

Gas MasksIMPROVEMENTS:

Delivery systems:

• artillery shells

• cylinders for

long range

IMPROVEMENTS:

IMPROVEMENTS:

Inhaling its vapor it destroyed the victim's respiratory organs- choking attacks

Acute bronchitis or pneumonia develops / fight to breath / gangrene of lung

CHLORINE

Lips and mouth are parched and the tongue is covered with a thick dry fur

Sensation of suffocation

Blistering skin, vomiting, sore eyes, internal and external bleeding lungs bleed/ Death 5 weeks

Scent - Odorless / Sulfur and Nitrogen Mustard

Difficult to defend against

IMPROVEMENTS:Blister Agent MUSTARD GAS

Remained potent in soil for weeks after release: making capture of infected trenches a dangerous undertaking.

IMPROVEMENTS:

• MORE LETHAL THAN CHLORINE / carbonyl chloride

• embedded in respiratory organs of body / less coughing – more inhaled

• Hay scent- odorless and colorless

• Choke, respiratory failure, pulmonary failure, bleed out

• Gas replaces oxygen cells.

PHOSGENE

IMPACTTerror weapon

High Injuries / only 10% of deaths in war / Russia hit hardest

Created gaps in Trench / prolonged war!

Submarines

U-Boats

PROBLEMSSPEED: 11 mph / pigeons

DISTANCE: 10 mile limit / thin skin / blind

DIVE: 100 ft / 1 hour

ENGINES: steam / petroleum - slow, fumes, catch fire, heavy

WEAPONS: no deck guns / torpedo hand-crank / explosive detonator / 2 miles / 15 mph / minelayers

IMPROVEMENTS:• SPEED: 20-35 mph

• DISTANCE: 100s miles

• ENGINES: diesel driving electric power / generators

• COMMUNICATION: hydrophone listen for propellers / sonar radio waves detect metal / periscope mirror system / gyrocompass / Morse cooe

• WEAPON: machine guns / air compressed torpedo spring / circle torpedo / magnetic torpedo /

StealthLusitaniaBlockade

IMPACT

TANKS

PROBLEMS:SPEED: 3 mph / too heavy

ENGINE: fumes / inside with men / fireball

OPERATION: hard to steer / poor eye slits / thin armor / tractor with wheels!

WEAPON: turret fall off / turret not turn / Stuck in mud

IMPROVEMENTS:SPEED: 10-12 mph / lighter / series of functions

ENGINE: diesel / outside chamber /

OPERATION: steel plates / steering column / caterpillar tracks / unhitching beam for mud / rhombus

WEAPON: rotating turret / machine guns

IMPACT

GERMANY LOSES WAR!!

TANKS BUST TRENCHES

REVOLUTIONIZE WAR: infantrymobile