Zero Emission IGCC with Rectisol technology · Power producer´s favorized solution:?? ... - 12...

Zero Emission IGCC with Rectisol®

Zero Emission IGCC with Rectisol technology

Presentation at the GTC 2002 in San FranciscoU.Koss, M. Meyer

Lurgi Oel.Gas.Chemie GmbH


TOC

Background

Why IGCC…..?

Why Rectisol?

CO2 Bulk Removal

Trace components, mercury

Plant Configuration

Features & Figures

The Presentation will cover…….


Background

Kyoto protocol is still alive- also the DOE finances considerable R&D activities

CO2 emission taxes are being discussed or in place

Primary focus on improving efficiencies, but …..... sequestration of CO2 might be necessary

Sequestration- in aquifers seems feasible- in oil fields (Enhanced Oil Recovery) is proven technology

Focus of interest:De-carbonization of coal based power production!


Why IGCC……..

Scrubbing CO2 from Flue Gas with MEA !?

…..when CO2 will have to be sequesterred?

Power producer´s favorized solution:

? ?


Estimated Figures for 500 MWel. / MEA Flue Gas Scrubbing 1) :

Flue Gas to be de-carbonized: 2 000 MM SCFDMEA Circulation Rate: 66 000 gpmLP Steam Consumption: 1 200 tons/hourMEA losses: 1 000-1 500 tons/year Loss in overall efficiency: 20 - 28 %

Trace component behavior: ?

Arrangement:- 6 Absorption towers, Φ 8 m - 12 Regeneration towers, Φ 6 m

CAPEX increased by: approx. 80 %

MEA Figures

1) Electrical Efficiency w/o de-carbonization 45 %, with de-carbonization 33 %


Why IGCC…..?

IGCC´s are proven technology

De-carbonized gas (hydrogen) generation is proven technology

Penalty for de-carbonization is low compared to other solutions

Synergies with removal of other contaminants lead to a

„Zero Emission IGCC“


Why Rectisol®?

Rectisol® Regeneration

H2SRectisol®

CO ShiftConversion

CO2Rectisol®

OxyClaus®

SRURefrigeration

Unit

Raw GasfromGasification

Fuel Gasto Turbine

Liquid CO2

Sulphur Product

CO2Liq.

Rectisol® Fuel Gas Conditioning Package:


Complete removal of H2S

Complete removal of trace contaminants

Excellent availability & cheap

No solvent degradation!

No environmental problems!

Your gas turbine likes it!

and

Best-suited for CO2 bulk removal

Rectisol® uses generic Methanol

Why Rectisol®?


CO2 Bulk RemovalSolvent Characteristics

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2 1,4

CO2 Partial Pressure in MPa

CO

2 Loa

ding

in %

wt.

Chemical Solvents(Amines)

Selective physical Solvents

Rectisol®


CO2 Bulk RemovalSolvent Characteristics

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2 1,4

CO2 Partial Pressure in MPa

CO

2 Loa

ding

in %

wt.

MEA, 25 wt% at 140 °FaMDEA®, 50 wt% at 158 °FSelexol® at 104 °F

Purisol® at 104 °FRectisol® at -4°F


0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2MPa

CO

2 Loa

ding

in %

wt.

CO2 Bulk RemovalFlash Regeneration

∆pCO2 available

Atm. Pressure Raw GasCO2 Partial Pressure

Rectisol® FlashRegenerationPotential (92%)

aMDEA® FlashRegenerationPotential (61%)

Selexol® Flash RegenerationPotential (90%)


It´s the small bugs that can bother you most!

Trace Contaminants

Carbonyls

COS

NH3

MercaptansHCN

Hg

CS2

VOC´s


Removed by……..

Absorption, e.g….

- Total Sulfur < 100 ppb (v)

- VOC not detectable!

- HCN below detection level (0.01 ppmv)

- NH3 below detection level

or

Temperature Trap:

- Inside Rectisol®, the Gas “sees” -76°F!

Trace Contaminantsin Rectisol®


1,E-10

1,E-09

1,E-08

1,E-07

1,E-06

1,E-05

1,E-04

1,E-03

1,E-02

1,E-01

1,E+00

1,E+01

-120 -80 -40 0 40 80 120 160 200 240

Temperature, °F

Hg

Part

ial P

ress

ure,

mba

r

Literature DataExtrapolated Curve

Rectisol

Elemental Mercury Vapor Pressure

Mercury


Non-elemental mercury precipitated in quench and cooling

Elemental mercury condensed in gas refrigeration or latestat cold absorber top

- theoretical figure: not detectable

- analytical figure: 1-2 ppb(v)(in standard Rectisol® / 340 psia)

- after dilution with combustion air: 0,1 - 0,2 ppb(v)

UK Environment Protection act: 200/ 600 µg/Nm3

OSHA limit: 50 µg/Nm3 ~ 6 ppb

=> no additional mercury removal process step needed!

Mercury


Plant ConfigurationBlock Flow Diagram


Plant Configuration

Rectisol® with integrated Clean Gas Shift

Gas Expander, providing double benefit:- energy recovery- refrigeration effect through cold expanded gas

Lurgi OxyClaus® SRU- approx. 30 % lower invest relative to air Claus- excellent drain for ammonia stripper offgas

Tailgas re-compression, i.e. Emissions-free sulphur recovery

No COS hydrolysis needed!

Technical Highlights


Plant ConfigurationPFD


Features & Figures

For producing 500 MWel

appr. 260 MM SCFD of Hydrogen Fuel have to be generated

appr. 360 MM SCFD of Raw Syngas have to be de-sulfurized

appr. 430 MM SCFD of Syngas have to be de-carbonized after the Shift Conversion

, assumed that…...

Efficiency “conventional” IGCC: ηel = 50 %

Efficiency drop “Zero Emission”: 7 %- points


Rectisol® plant- Solvent circulation rate: 4100 gpm- LP steam consumption: 39 tph- Electricity consumption (incl. Refrig.): 13 MW- one single train!

Shift conversion:- HP steam consumption: 170 tph- Electricity consumption: 1,4 MW

OxyClaus® : - Sulfur Production (quality “bright yellow”): 180 tpd - Oxygen consumption: 3,7 tph - Electricity consumption: 3,4 MW- MP steam production: 30 tpd- LP steam production: 6 tpd

Features & Figures


500 MWel.

Flue Gas Volume approx. 3000 MM SCFD

SO2 < 1 lb/h

VOC´s below detection limit

Mercury < 0.2 ppb(v) or < 0.013 lb/h

NOx depending on gas turbine design

CO2 10 - 30 tph or 20 - 60 g/ kWh 1)

1) CO2 emission “conventional” IGCC : 780 g/ kWh

EmissionsFeatures & Figures


Rectisol Absorber,at Sasol II, RSADiameter: 5.4 mHeight: 62 mOp. Press.: 23 barg

The largest single train

HP absorption in the World,

643,000 m³n/hof Feed Gas

per train

References


3 SGP Gasifiers100000 m³n/h Syngas

Rectisol®81000 m³n/h H2to NH3 Synthesis

CO Shift Conv.134000 m³n/h

UREA Plant,Quimigal, Portugal

References


Conclusion

“Zero Emission IGCC” withRectisol® Fuel Gas Conditioning Package

means

Very low CO2 emissions

Maximum single train capacities

No sulfur emissions

Complete removal of trace contaminants like e.g. COS, HCN, NH3, Hg…...

Highest possible overall efficiency among the IGCC processes with CO2 removal

Energy efficient recovery of pure CO2


What´s left?

Based on the results, the overall efficiency of theIGCC has to be re-calculated

In case H2S can be sequesterred together with CO2 ,concept may be changed toRaw Gas Shift followed by Standard Rectisol®

Remaining Technology Challenge:Hydrogen fuelled gas turbine


Thank you for your attention!


Standard Rectisol®for MEGAMMONIA


Solvent Characteristics

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,1 1,2 1,3CO2 Partial Pressue in MPa

CO

2 Loa

ding

in %

wt.

Rectisol® at -20°C

aMDEA®, 50 wt% at 70°C

MEA, 25 wt% at 60°C

Purisol® at 40 °C

Selexol® at 40 °C

Purisol® at 0 °C

Selexol® at 40 °C

Date post:	09-May-2018
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