Submitted to :- Neeraj Raheja Submitted by :- Harsh Kishor (Asst. Professor) Roll No :- 11107111

Class :- M.Tech(CSE) 2nd Year

Seminar Report On

ZigBee

Origin Of Name ZigBee The domestic honeybee, a colonial insect, lives in a hive that contains a

queen, a few male drones, and thousands of worker bees.

The survival, success, and future of the colony is dependent upon continuous communication of vital information between every member of the colony.

The technique that honey bees use to communicate new-found food sources to other members of the colony is referred to as the ZigBee Principle.

Using this silent, but powerful communication system, whereby the bee dances in a zig-zag pattern, she is able to share information such as the location, distance, and direction of a newly discovered food source to her fellow colony members.

Instinctively implementing the ZigBee Principle, bees around the world industriously sustain productive hives and foster future generations of colony members.

What is ZigBee ? ZigBee is a Ad-hoc networking technology for Low Rate –Wireless

Personal Area Networks(LR-WPAN).

Based On IEEE 802.15.4 standard that defines the Physical(PHY) and Medium Access Control(Mac) Layers for ZigBee.

Intended for 2.45 Ghz , 868 Mhz and 915 Mhz Band.

Low in cost ,complexity & power consumption as compared to competing

technologies. Intended to network inexpensive devices .

Data rates touch 250Kbps for 2.45Ghz ,40 Kbps 915Mhz and 20Kbps for 868Mhz band.

ZigBee General Characteristics

Data rates of 20 kbps and up to 250 kbps Star or Peer-to-Peer network topologies 255 devices per network Support for Low Latency Devices Carriers Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance(CSMA-

CA ) Channel Access Fully handshake protocol for transfer reliability Low Power Usage consumption 3 Frequencies bands with 27 channels Extremely low duty-cycle (<0.1%)

Market Requirements

Global licence free Industrial, Scientific and Medical(ISM) band operation Unrestricted geographic use Automatic/semi-automatic installation Ability to add or remove devices Possible voice support 10k-115.2kbps data throughput 10-75m coverage range (home/garden) Support for 32-255 nodes Support for 4 critical devices 4-100 co-located networks 0.5-2 year battery life Up to 5m/sec. (18kmph) permitted mobility

ZigBee Alliance

What is ZigBee Alliance?

An organization with a mission to define reliable, cost effective, low-power, wirelessly networked, monitoring and control products based on an open global standard.

Alliance provides interoperability, certification testing, and branding.

ZigBee Protocol Overview

Node Types

Network Topology

Protocol Stack Architecture

ZigBee Protocol Overview Contd.

Different Node Types in a ZigBee Network

Full Function Device (FFD): Can communicate with every type of device. A FFD can operate in three different modes:

PAN Coordinator: Sends beacon frames, provides routing

information, manages short, network-specific addresses Coordinator: Acts as router. Normal device.

Reduced Function Device (RFD): Can only talk to a single FFD.

ZigBee Protocol Overview Contd.

Different Network Topology in a ZigBee Network

Star NetworkIn the star topology, the PAN coordinator chooses a unique (withinits radio sphere of influence) PAN id. All attached nodes can onlytalk to the central PAN coordinator.

ZigBee Protocol Overview Contd.

Different Network Topology in a ZigBee Network

Peer-to-Peer NetworkWithin a peer-to-peer topology, each FFD can communicate withany other device within its range. A RFD may only communicatewith a single FFD at a given time.

ZigBee Protocol Overview Contd.

Different Network Topology in a ZigBee Network

Multi-Cluster NetworkLarger networks may be established by forming multi-clustertopologies. Each cluster has a single cluster head that isresponsible for coordination within the cluster.

ZigBee Protocol Overview Contd.

ZigBee / IEEE 802.15.4 Protocol Stack Architecture

The IEEE 802.15.4 standard describes the physical and MAC layer.

ZigBee builds on the IEEE standard and defines the network and application layer.

ZigBee Protocol Overview Contd.Physical(PHY) Layer

The physical layer is responsible for: Activation/Deactivation of transceiver. Channel selection, assessment. Transmission and reception of packets. Frequency bands: 2.4 GHz (worldwide), 868 MHz (EU), 916MHz (US)

Medium Access Control(MAC) Layer

The following services are provided by the MAC layer: Beacon management Channel access Guaranteed Time Slot (GTS) management Frame validation Acknowledgment Association, disassociation

ZigBee Protocol Overview Contd.Network(NWK) Layer

The lower level of the ZigBee protocol builds on the MAC layer ofIEEE 802.15.4.

Topology specific routing Security New device configuration Network startup Joining/leaving a network Addressing Neighbour discovery Route discovery Reception control

ZigBee Protocol Overview Contd.Application Layer

The application layer provides the following services: Maintain tables for binding Fragmentation, reassembly and reliable data transport Provide communication endpoints for the application Discovering devices and application services. Initiating/responding to binding requests between endpoints

Addressing

Each ZigBee node has a unique 64 bit MAC address Additionally the Coordinator maintains a table to map the 64 bit addresses to network-specific 16 bit addresses Within each node, the application can define up to 240

Application endpoints.

How is ZigBee related to IEEE 802.15.4? ZigBee takes full advantage of a powerful physical radio

specified by IEEE 802.15.4

ZigBee adds logical network, security and application software

ZigBee continues to work closely with the IEEE to ensure an integrated and complete solution for the market

ZigBee Channel Access OptionsTwo channel access mechanisms:

Non-beacon networkA simple, traditional multiple access system used in simple

peer and near-peer networksStandard CSMA-CA communicationsPositive acknowledgement for successfully received

packets

Beacon-enabled networkSuperframe structure- network coordinator transmits

beacons at predetermined intervalsDedicated bandwidth and low latencyLow power consumption mode for coordinator

What is Beacon Mode ?

A very powerful mechanism for controlling power

consumption in extended networks like cluster tree or Mesh

Allows all clients in a local piece of the network the

ability to know when to communicate with each other

PAN has a coordinator that manages the channel and

arranges the calls

Significant value will be in system power consumption for networks which are

primarily battery powered

ZigBee network applications

PERSONAL HEALTH

CARE

ZigBeeLOW DATA-RATE RADIO DEVICES

HOME AUTOMATION

CONSUMER ELECTRONIC

S

TV VCRDVD/CDRemote control

securityHVAClightingclosures

PC & PERIPHERAL

S

consolesportables

educationalTOYS & GAMES

INDUSTRIAL &

COMMERCIAL

monitorssensors

automationcontrol

mousekeyboardjoystick

monitorsdiagnostics

sensors

ZigBee – Highly Reliable Mesh and tree networking protocol provides

redundant paths

Automatic retries and acknowledgements

Broadcast delivery scheme ensures reliable

broadcasts across the network

Parents keep track of messages for sleeping

Children

High intrinsic interference tolerance

Multiple channels Frequency agility Robust modulation

ZigBee – Highly Secure Utilizes Advanced Encryption Standard(AES) 128-bit encryption

Concept of a “trust center”

Link and network keys

Authentication and encryption

Security can be customized for the application

Keys can be “hard-wired” into application

Advantages of ZigBee Reliable and self healing

Supports large number of nodes

Easy to deploy

Very long battery life

Secure

Low cost

Can be used globally

Thank You