INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING STUDIES Volume VIII /Issue 2 / JAN 2017

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ZIGBEE BASED INDUSTRY MONTOROING USING WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK J.MEENAKSHI 1, B.KIRAN KUMAR 2

1 J. Meenakshi, M. Tech Student, Lords Institute of Engineering & Technology, Near Police Academy,

Appa Junction, Himayath sagar, Ranga Reddy Dist., Telangana, India.

2 B. Kiran Kumar, Assistant Professor, Lords Institute of Engineering & Technology, , Near Police Academy,

Appa Junction, Himayath sagar, Ranga Reddy Dist., Telangana, India.

Abstract: Technological advancements in the silicon

industry, as predicted by Moore’s law, have enabled

integration of billions of transistors on a single chip.

To exploit this high transistor density for high

performance, embedded systems are undergoing a

transition from single-core to multi-core. Although a

majority of embedded wireless sensor networks

(EWSNs) consist of single-core embedded sensor

nodes, multi-core embedded sensor nodes are

envisioned to burgeon in selected application

domains that require complex in-network processing

of the sensed data. In this paper, we propose

architecture for heterogeneous hierarchical multi-core

embedded wireless sensor networks (MCEWSNs) as

well as architecture for multi-core embedded sensor

nodes used in MCEWSNs. We elaborate several

compute-intensive tasks performed by sensor

networks and application domains that would

especially benefit from multi-core embedded sensor

nodes. This paper also investigates the feasibility of

two multi-core architectural paradigms V symmetric

multiprocessors (SMPs) and tiled many-core

architectures (TMAs) V for MCEWSNs.

Key Words— Microcontroller, GPRS wireless

transmission module, ZIGBEE, Sensors.

I. INTRODUCTION

In olden days, the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm

was coined in which computers were able to access

data about objects and environment without human

interaction. It was aimed to complement human-

entered data that was seen as a limiting factor to

acquisition accuracy, pervasiveness and cost. So it is

a main disadvantage of an existing method. The

proposed method is as follows. We can overcome the

disadvantage of the existing method by Two

technologies were traditionally considered key

enablers for the IoT paradigm: While the former is

well established for low-cost identification and

tracking WSNs bring IoT applications richer

capabilities for both sensing and actuation.

The application requirements for low cost, high

number of sensors, fast deployment, long lifetime,

low maintenance, and high quality of service are

considered in the specification and design of the

platform and of all its components. In fact, WSN

solutions already cover a very broad range of

applications, and research and technology advances

continuously expand their application field. This

trend also increases their use in IoT applications for

versatile low-cost data acquisition and actuation. In

this project we have two sections. In section1 we

have sensors and Zigbee. In this we are getting the

status of the sensors and transmitted to the section 2

using ZIGBEE wireless communication. Section2

will receive the information and upload it into

internet server using GPRS. The system uses a

compact circuitry built around LPC2148 (ARM7)

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microcontroller Programs are developed in

Embedded C. Flash magic is used for loading

programs into Microcontroller.

II. THE HARDWARE SYSTEM

Fig 1: Node Section

Fig 2: Monitoring section

The LPC2148 microcontrollers are based on a 32 bit

ARM7TDMI-S CPU with real-time emulation and

embedded trace support, that combines the

microcontroller with embedded high speed flash

memory of 512 kB. A 128-bit wide memory interface

and a unique accelerator architecture enable 32-bit

code execution at the maximum clock rate. For

critical code size applications, the alternative 16-bit

Thumb mode reduces the code by more than 30 %

with minimal performance penalty.

Due to their tiny size and low power consumption,

LPC2148 microcontrollers are ideal for the

applications where miniaturization is a key

requirement, such as access control and point-of-sale.

A blend of serial communications interfaces ranging

from a USB 2.0 Full Speed device, multiple UARTS,

SPI, SSP to I2Cs and on-chip SRAM of 8 kB up to

40 kB, make these devices very well suited for

communication gateways and protocol converters,

soft modems, voice recognition and low end imaging,

providing both large buffer size and high processing

power. Various 32-bit timers, single or dual 10-bit

ADC(s), 10-bit DAC, PWM channels and 45 fast

GPIO lines with up to nine edge or level sensitive

external interrupt pins make these microcontrollers

particularly suitable for industrial control and

medical systems.

III. METHODOLOGY

Micro controller: This section forms the control unit

of the whole project. This section basically consists

of a Microcontroller with its associated circuitry like

Crystal with capacitors, Reset circuitry, Pull up

resistors (if needed) and so on. The Microcontroller

forms the heart of the project because it controls the

devices being interfaced and communicates with the

devices according to the program being written.

ARM7TDMI: ARM is the abbreviation of Advanced

RISC Machines, it is the name of a class of

processors, and is the name of a kind technology too.

The RISC instruction set, and related decode

mechanism are much simpler than those of Complex

Instruction Set Computer (CISC) designs.

Liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat panel display,

electronic visual display that uses the light

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modulation properties of liquid crystals. Liquid

crystals do not emit light directly. LCDs are available

to display arbitrary images or fixed images which can

be displayed or hidden, such as preset words, digits,

and 7-segment displays as in a digital clock.

WIFI: We have enormous flexibility that a wireless

connection brings to an embedded application. The

addition of wire-less provides more choices for

monitoring, control and the dissemination of

information. Practically speak- ing, remote locations

become more accessible and costs drop. The

following list summarizes some of the benefits of a

Wi-Fi network.

Fig 3: WIFI Module

•Wireless Ethernet: Wi-Fi is an Ethernet

replacement. Wi-Fi and Ethernet, both IEEE 802

networks, share some core elements.

• Extended Access:: The absence of wires and cables

extends access to places where wires and cables

cannot go or where it is too expensive for them to go.

• Cost Reduction

• Mobility: Wires tie you down to one location.

Going wireless means you have the freedom to

change your location without losing your connection.

• Flexibility. Extended access, cost reductions, and

mobility create opportunities for new applications as

well as the possibility of creative new solutions for

legacy applications

GSM Technology:

An embedded system is a special-purpose system in

which the computer is completely encapsulated by or

dedicated to the device or system it controls. Unlike a

general-purpose computer, such as a personal

computer, an embedded system performs one or a

few pre-defined tasks, usually with very specific

requirements. Since the system is dedicated to

specific tasks, design engineers can optimize it,

reducing the size and cost of the product. Embedded

systems are often mass-produced, benefiting from

economies of scale. Global System for Mobile

Communication (GSM) is a set of ETSI standards

specifying the infrastructure for a digital cellular

service. The standard is used in approx. 85 countries

in the world including such locations as Europe,

Japan and Australia.

Fig 4: GSM

GPS: The Global Positioning System (GPS) offers

the capability to accurately determine location

anywhere on earth in addition to speed, altitude,

heading, and a host of other critical positioning data.

GPS is widely used in military, consumer, and

service markets with applications ranging from

container shipping to weapons systems and handheld

devices. The GPS system consists of 24 satellites

orbiting in six planes around the earth. The satellites

transmit a microwave signal, which is read by the

GPS receiver on earth. The GPS receiver requires a

successful lock onto at least four GPS satellites to

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gather an accurate signal for calculating position and

velocity. The module triangulates its position with

relation to three satellites, using a fourth satellite as a

clock source. The GPS system is designed such that

at any point, a GPS module on earth has a clear view

of at least four satellites, barring any obstruction such

as buildings, interiors of a canyon, dense foliage, or

mountains. This application note details important

data considerations and implementation methods to

integrate a GPS receiver with a CY8C29466 device

and enable data logging through an SD card. Finally,

the GPS data is parsed and displayed onto an LCD

screen.

Fig 6: GPS Position determining

GPRS: GPRS is expected to profoundly change the

mobile data services that GSM, CDMA and TDMA

(ANSI-I36) network operators can offer. GPRS will

increase opportunities for higher revenues and enable

new, differentiated services and tariff dimensions to

be offered (such as a charge for the number of

kilobytes of data transferred). GPRS combines

mobile access with Internet protocol (IP)-based

services, using packet data transmission that makes

highly efficient use of radio spectrum and enables

high data speeds. It gives users increased bandwidth,

making it possible and cost-effective to remain

constantly connected, as well as to send and receive

data as text, graphics and video. GPRS (general

packet radio service) is a packet-based data bearer

service for wireless communication services that is

delivered as a network overlay for GSM, CDMA and

TDMA (ANSI-I36) networks. GPRS applies a packet

radio principle to transfer user data packets in an

efficient way between GSM mobile stations and

external packet data networks. Packet switching is

where data is split into packets that are transmitted

separately and then reassembled at the receiving end.

GPRS supports the world's leading packet-based

Internet communication protocols, Internet protocol

(IP) and X.25, a protocol that is used mainly in

Europe. GPRS enables any existing IP or X.25

application to operate over a GSM cellular

connection. Cellular networks with GPRS

capabilities are wireless extensions of the Internet

and X.25 networks.

A physical end-to-end connection is not required

because network resources and bandwidth are only

used when data is actually transferred. This makes

extremely efficient use of available radio bandwidth.

Fig 7: GPRS Network

ZIGBEE Technology:

ZIGBEE is a new wireless technology guided by the

IEEE 802.15.4 Personal Area Networks standard. It

is primarily designed for the wide ranging automation

applications and to replace the existing non-standard

technologies. It currently operates in the 868MHz

band at a data rate of 20Kbps in Europe, 914MHz

band at 40Kbps in the USA, and the 2.4GHz ISM

bands Worldwide at a maximum data-rate of

250Kbps. The ZIGBEE specification is a

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combination of Home RF Lite and the 802.15.4

specification. The specification operates in the

2.4GHz (ISM) radio band - the same band as 802.11b

standard, Bluetooth, microwaves and some other

devices. It is capable of connecting 255 devices per

network. The specification supports data transmission

rates of up to 250 Kbps at a range of up to 30 meters.

ZIGBEE's technology is slower than 802.11b (11

Mbps) and Bluetooth (1 Mbps) but it consumes

significantly less power. 802.15.4 (ZIGBEE) is a new

standard uniquely designed for low rate wireless

personal area networks. It targets low data rate, low

power consumption and low cost wireless

networking, and its goal is to provide a physical-layer

and MAC-layer standard for such networks.

The data transfer capabilities are much higher in

Bluetooth, which is capable of transmitting audio,

graphics and pictures over small networks, and also

appropriate for file transfers. ZIGBEE, on the other

hand, is better suited for transmitting smaller packets

over large networks; mostly static networks with

many, infrequently used devices, like home

automation, toys, remote controls, etc. While the

performance of a Bluetooth network drops when

more than 8 devices are present, ZIGBEE networks

can handle 65000+ devices.

Humidity sensor: Based on a unique capacitive cell,

these relative humidity sensors are designed for high

volume, cost sensitive applications such as office

automation, automotive cabin air control, home

appliances, and industrial process control systems.

They are also useful in all applications where

humidity compensation is needed. Full

interchangeability with no calibration required in

standard conditions Instantaneous desaturation after

long periods in saturation phase Compatible with

automat zed assembly processes, including wave

soldering, reflow and water immersion High

reliability and long term stability Patented solid

polymer structure. Suitable for linear voltage or

frequency output circuitry. Fast response time.

Individual marking for compliance to stringent

traceability requirements.

Temperature Sensor: A temperature sensor is a

device typically a thermocouple or RTD that provides

for temperature measurements through an electrical

signal .A thermocouple is made from two dissimilar

metals that generate electrical voltage in direct

proportion to changes in temperature.

IV. CONCLUSION AND RESULT

By this system, information of different route

members by using the RFID readers and Tags. In one

different route is having one robot i.e., vehicle that is

having temperature and pressure sensor of the driver.

By using these two sensors, we can know about the

information about the persons in different route area

in Underground Mines and vice-versa in other routes.

Here are the two Nodes and Monitor Kits in which all

the parts are assembled

Fig 8: Node section

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Fig 9: Monitoring section

VI. REFERENCES

[1] I.F. Akyildiz, T. Melodia, and K.R. Chowdhury,

‘‘Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks:Applications

and Testbeds,’’ Proc. IEEE, vol. 96, no. 10, pp. 1588-

1605, Oct. 2008.

[2] I.F. Akyildiz, W. Su, Y. Sankarasubramaniam,

and E. Cayirci, ‘‘Wireless Sensor Networks: A

Survey,’’ Elsevier Comput. Netw., vol. 38, no. 4, pp.

393-422, Mar. 2002.

[3] Y. Liu and S.K. Das, ‘‘Information-Intensive

Wireless Sensor Networks: Potential and

Challenges,’’ IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 44, no. 11,

pp. 142-147, Nov. 2006.

[4] RockwellRockwell Automation, Oct. 2011.

[Online]. Available: www.rockwellautomation.com .

[5] T.T.-O. Kwok and Y.-K. Kwok, ‘‘Computation

and Energy Efficient Image Processing in Wireless

Sensor Networks Based on Reconfigurable

Computing,’’ in Proc. ICPPW, Columbus,OH, USA,

Aug. 2006, pp. 43-50.

[6] R. Kleihorst, B. Schueler, A. Danilin, and M.

Heijligers, ‘‘Smart Camera Mote with High

Performance Vision System,’’ in Proc. Workshop

DSC, Boulder, CO, USA, Oct. 2006, pp. 1-5.

[7] A.Munir, A. Gordon-Ross, and S. Ranka,

‘‘Parallelized Benchmark- Driven Performance

Evaluation of SMPs and Tiled Multi-Core

Architectures for Embedded Systems,’’ in Proc.

IEEE IPCCC, Austin, TX, USA, Dec. 2012, pp. 416-

423.

AUTHORS DETAILS

STUDENT DETAILS:

Name : J.Meenakshi Qualification : Master of Technology Mail Id : jedimeenakshi@gmail.com Phone : 9491005846

GUIDE DETAILS:

B. KIRAN KUMAR completed

B.Tech in 2006 from JNTUH & M.Tech in 2010

from JNTUH. Having 10 years of teaching

Experience. Field of interest is VLSI System Design,

wireless communication, Digital Electronics.

Presently working as Associate Professor in

Department of Electronics and Communication

Engineering, LORDS Institute of Engineering and

Technology, Hyderabad.