Zigbee NationsZigbee Nations

Team IPATeam IPAKirill BelyayevKirill Belyayev

Amjad ChaudhryAmjad ChaudhryArush DhawanArush Dhawan

Aditya KaundinyaAditya KaundinyaBilal YousufiBilal Yousufi

Amjad Chaudhry

Introduction/Zigbee Outline

In-Car Automation and In-Car Automation and Monitoring SystemMonitoring System

Sensors are placed throughout a car and Sensors are placed throughout a car and wirelessly send data back to a central wirelessly send data back to a central terminalterminal– Data displayed on LCDData displayed on LCD– Zigbee is used to transmit and receive DataZigbee is used to transmit and receive Data– Audio and Visual Warnings will be given if a Audio and Visual Warnings will be given if a

sensor detects something has fallen below the sensor detects something has fallen below the threshold.threshold.

What is Zigbee?What is Zigbee? Zigbee is a short-range wireless connectivity Zigbee is a short-range wireless connectivity

option ideal for low- power and low data rate option ideal for low- power and low data rate applications based on the IEEE 802.15.4 applications based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standardstandard

Zigbee devices may run for   several years Zigbee devices may run for   several years with an original battery because of its low with an original battery because of its low power consumption. power consumption.

It works well in noisy environments, mesh It works well in noisy environments, mesh networking   networking  

Zigbee operates at 2.4 GHzZigbee operates at 2.4 GHz

ImplementationImplementation We will use Zigbee technology to measure different We will use Zigbee technology to measure different

components of a car and display the data on a main components of a car and display the data on a main LCD screen. LCD screen. – Tire PressureTire Pressure– TemperatureTemperature– Battery Voltage Battery Voltage – Proximity SensorProximity Sensor– Fluid SensorFluid Sensor

If any of the sensors detect a critical level our If any of the sensors detect a critical level our system will be used to provide audio/visual system will be used to provide audio/visual warnings to the driver. warnings to the driver.

ImplementationImplementationThe basic steps in order to accomplish this goal are to:The basic steps in order to accomplish this goal are to: Implement Zigbee Wireless Configuration.  We send one digital value Implement Zigbee Wireless Configuration.  We send one digital value

from one chip to other chip. from one chip to other chip. Send Multiples Values and store them in some database. Send Multiples Values and store them in some database. A/D Converter – Convert Some Analog Signal to DigitalA/D Converter – Convert Some Analog Signal to Digital Display the data on an LCD screenDisplay the data on an LCD screen Our primary goal would be to make this system modular. Our primary goal would be to make this system modular.

– For example, we could add any type of sensor, and it would integrate into the For example, we could add any type of sensor, and it would integrate into the systemsystem

GoalsGoals

MinimumMinimum– Zigbee Based Tire Pressure Monitor that Zigbee Based Tire Pressure Monitor that

transmits data to a central terminal where it can transmits data to a central terminal where it can be displayed on a LCDbe displayed on a LCD

OptimalOptimal– Multiple Sensors that transmit through Zigbee Multiple Sensors that transmit through Zigbee

Wirelessly to a central terminal, where that data Wirelessly to a central terminal, where that data can be stored, manipulated, and displayed on a can be stored, manipulated, and displayed on a LCDLCD

MotivationMotivation A 15 psi loss from the optimal tire pressure A 15 psi loss from the optimal tire pressure

will increase fuel consumption between 10% will increase fuel consumption between 10% to 15% to 15%

Proper tire inflation will increase tire life by Proper tire inflation will increase tire life by over 25% over 25%

Proper tire inflation will also increase the Proper tire inflation will also increase the tire’s responsiveness, traction, and handling.tire’s responsiveness, traction, and handling.

Other sensors will monitor the different Other sensors will monitor the different components of the car.components of the car.

Save Fuel. Increase EfficiencySave Fuel. Increase Efficiency

SafetySafety Increase ReliabilityIncrease Reliability

Parking Sensors

Tire Pressure Sensors

Fluids level Sensors

Temperature sensors

Battery voltage sensors

LCD Screen

Keypad Speaker

Main Terminal

System ArchitectureSystem Architecture

Bilal Yousufi

Power

Physical IssuesPhysical Issues

The Final Build will need to be hardened The Final Build will need to be hardened against the elements such asagainst the elements such as– Shock (i.e. Bumpy Roads)Shock (i.e. Bumpy Roads)– Extreme Weather (Operating Temperature Extreme Weather (Operating Temperature

between -20 between -20 °C°C to 50 to 50 °C°C» Sensors should have small temperature coefficients Sensors should have small temperature coefficients

or will need compensated based on environmental or will need compensated based on environmental factorsfactors

– WaterproofedWaterproofed

Power SystemPower System

Power Architecture for Primary Power Architecture for Primary TerminalTerminal

Car Battery Buck Converter

LCD Screen5V

Main Terminal3.3V

Voltage Sensor Auto-Off

Issues with using a Car BatteryIssues with using a Car Battery

Battery DrainBattery Drain– Auto-Off Switch if Battery Voltage drops too Auto-Off Switch if Battery Voltage drops too

lowlow– Mechanical Hard Switch when not in useMechanical Hard Switch when not in use

Power Surges on Car Start-UpPower Surges on Car Start-Up– Possible SolutionsPossible Solutions

» Capacitors in parallel with BatteryCapacitors in parallel with Battery» UPS Connected to BatteryUPS Connected to Battery

Development Phase OverviewDevelopment Phase Overview

We will use AC/DC Power Supplies to We will use AC/DC Power Supplies to power up our system power up our system

Actual Build OverviewActual Build Overview

The Car Battery will be the main source of The Car Battery will be the main source of power. power.

A DC-DC Converter will be used to step-A DC-DC Converter will be used to step-down to the appropriate voltagesdown to the appropriate voltages

A Voltage Regulator will be used to ensure A Voltage Regulator will be used to ensure the the microchips are safe from variations the the microchips are safe from variations in the battery voltage, temperature, and in the battery voltage, temperature, and other environmental factorsother environmental factors

Zigbee, Sensors, and Zigbee, Sensors, and MicrocontrollersMicrocontrollers

Burst TransmissionsBurst Transmissions Development PhaseDevelopment Phase

– Power AdaptersPower Adapters Final Build Final Build

– Main Board will be Connected to Car BatteryMain Board will be Connected to Car Battery– Sensors, and attached Zigbee will be powered Sensors, and attached Zigbee will be powered

by batteryby battery

Zigbee, Sensors, and Zigbee, Sensors, and MicrocontrollersMicrocontrollers

Sensor and Zigbee Power Supply Issues– The Wireless Sensors that are placed

throughout the car will need an independent power source

– Sensors’ Maximum Power Dissipation 20mA» Zigbee Transmitters Run at 3.3V. The sensors we

will using will run at voltage between 3V to 6V Solution: Buck-Boost Converter

Kirill Belyayev

User Interface/Software

Main TerminalMain Terminal

MC9S08GT60Freescale 8 bit

MC13192 2.4 GHzRF Data Modem

RS 232DB9

Serial Port

F-51851LCD Screen

PLD

RTC (optional)

Speaker or buzzer(+ D/A if required)

Keypad

EEPROM(optional)

LCDLCD OPTREX F-51851OPTREX F-51851 Graphic Monochrome LCDGraphic Monochrome LCD 240 x 64 dots240 x 64 dots 8 bit parallel8 bit parallel

Development Board Development Board 13192DSK-A0E13192DSK-A0E

Two 2.4 GHz wireless nodes compatible with the IEEE 802.15.4   standard         Two 2.4 GHz wireless nodes compatible with the IEEE 802.15.4   standard          MC13192 2.4 GHz RF data modem           MC13192 2.4 GHz RF data modem            MC9S08GT60 low-voltage, low-power 8-bit MCU for baseband operations           MC9S08GT60 low-voltage, low-power 8-bit MCU for baseband operations            Integrated sensors                 Integrated sensors                  MMA6261Q 1.5g X-Y-axis accelerometer + MMA1260D 1.5g Z-axis accelerometer          MMA6261Q 1.5g X-Y-axis accelerometer + MMA1260D 1.5g Z-axis accelerometer             Printed transmit-and-receive antennae          Printed transmit-and-receive antennae             Onboard expansion capabilities for external application- specific development activities           Onboard expansion capabilities for external application- specific development activities            Onboard BDM port for MCU Flash reprogramming and in- circuit hardware debugging           Onboard BDM port for MCU Flash reprogramming and in- circuit hardware debugging            RS-232 port for monitoring and Flash programming           RS-232 port for monitoring and Flash programming            LEDs and switches for demonstration, monitoring and control           LEDs and switches for demonstration, monitoring and control            Connections for nine-volt battery or external power supply     Connections for nine-volt battery or external power supply      * Hardware supports Freescale's IEEE 802.15.4 MAC and example   SMAC software    * Hardware supports Freescale's IEEE 802.15.4 MAC and example   SMAC software       * Preprogrammed accelerometer demonstration and additional   downloadable sample applications     * Preprogrammed accelerometer demonstration and additional   downloadable sample applications      * Metrowerks' CodeWarrior Development Studio for HCS08 special   edition     * Includes USB HCS08 BDM * Metrowerks' CodeWarrior Development Studio for HCS08 special   edition     * Includes USB HCS08 BDM

Multilink Programmer (13192DSK-BDM only)       NOTE: Requires a HCS08 BDM Multilink Programmer for debug Multilink Programmer (13192DSK-BDM only)       NOTE: Requires a HCS08 BDM Multilink Programmer for debug and   program capability and   program capability

Development BoardDevelopment Board

Software OverviewSoftware Overview

We will use CodeWarrior (developed by Freescale We will use CodeWarrior (developed by Freescale Semicondoctor) as our programming environment. Semicondoctor) as our programming environment.

The Microcontroller utilizes MAC(Media-The Microcontroller utilizes MAC(Media-Access-Control) functions to instruct the Zigbee Access-Control) functions to instruct the Zigbee transceiver.transceiver.

We will be writing our code in the C language We will be writing our code in the C language with the use MAC functions.with the use MAC functions.

Code will be written for the data Code will be written for the data transmission/collection and the user interface.transmission/collection and the user interface.

Aditya Kaundinya

Sensors

SensorsSensorsTransmitter

MicroController

Sensor

A/D

RF

BuiltInto

Sensor Chip

Tire Pressure Monitoring

Used to warn driver of below-optimal tire pressure.

GE – NPX-1 sensor Battery Supply Voltage – typically 3 V Digital output 450-1400 kPa pressure range

Distance Sensor

Used to warn driver of objects when backing out of driveway, etc.

IR Proximity Sensor - Sharp GP2Y0A21YK

4.5 V to 5.5 V operating voltage 30 mA average current consumption 10 cm to 80 cm range (4" to 32")

Temperature Sensor

Can be used to automatically adjust temperature within the car.

Sensirion - SHT10 sensor Temp. accuracy: +/- 0.5°C @ 25 °C Calibrated & digital output (2-wire

interface) Low power consumption (typ. 30 µW)

Arush Dhawan

Sensors/Logistics

Voltage and Current Sensor for Battery

A voltage sensor for detecting a terminal voltage of a battery connected to a load.

A current sensor for detecting a current flowing from the battery to the load.

Means for collecting the voltage value detected by the voltage sensor and the current value detected by the current sensor every predetermined time.

The voltage and current values are then transmitted to the main terminal which is then displayed on the LCD screen.

Audible and/or visual warning when Voltage becomes low (falls below 12V)

ScheduleSchedule

Division of LaborDivision of Labor

Kirill Belyayev Amjad Chaudhry Arush Dhawan Aditya Kaundinya Bilal YousufiZigbee Hardware X X XMain Board X XSensor Implementation X XZigbee Software X XSensor Software X XPCB Layout/Soldering X XPower X XInstallation X X X X X

Team MembersDivision of Labor

BudgetBudgetPart Cost Quantity Total Cost SupplierDevelopment Kit 350 1 350 FreescaleTire Pressure Sensors 25 4 100 GEVoltage Sensor 15 1 15 FreescaleCurrent Sensor 15 1 15 FreescaleProximity Sensors 10 6 60 FreescaleTemperature Sensors 10 2 20 FreescaleWeather Proof Casing 10 5 50PCB Boards 100 1 100Misc Circuit Components 75 1 7525W Buck Converter 35 1 35Converters (<1W) 10 5 50LCD 60 1 60Keypad 30 1 30Speaker 10 1 10Centeral Terminal Case 10 1 10Batteries 10 10 100Zigbee Transceivers 10 12 120 FreescaleZigbee Microcontrollers 6 12 72 Freescale

Total 1272.00Remaining -272.00

Risks and Fallback OptionsRisks and Fallback Options Digital Wireless Technology is unfamiliar technology for us. We are lacking Digital Wireless Technology is unfamiliar technology for us. We are lacking

experience with Zigbee, and we might run out of time.experience with Zigbee, and we might run out of time.– It will take at least a month to familiarize ourselves with the technology. It will take at least a month to familiarize ourselves with the technology.

For this reason, our project is scalable, and we can add or subtract sensors For this reason, our project is scalable, and we can add or subtract sensors depending on how much time we have. depending on how much time we have.

Sensors implementation ( Specifically - Sensor to Zigbee Communication) Sensors implementation ( Specifically - Sensor to Zigbee Communication) will take significant time to fully understand.will take significant time to fully understand.

ExtensionsExtensions

Implement OBD (On-Board Diagnostics) Implement OBD (On-Board Diagnostics) with Zigbeewith Zigbee– Nearly all cars made after 1998 have a built in Nearly all cars made after 1998 have a built in

OBD system that uses sensors all around the OBD system that uses sensors all around the car, usually only available to mechanics.car, usually only available to mechanics.

» Not a Standardized SystemNot a Standardized System» Proprietary Software used to download data from Proprietary Software used to download data from

sensors.sensors.

Questions?Questions?