Zoology Review

Fisheries & Wildlife

Terms

• Biology – Study of living things

• Botany – Study of plants

• Zoology – Study of animals

• Fauna – the animals that live in an area

• Flora – the plants that live in an area

Classification

• Taxonomy

• This class is focused on the phylum Chordata

• Chordata has a subphylum called vertebrata– Animals with a backbone,

skull, and spinal cord

Vertebrata

• 5 classes of vertebrates:– Fish– Amphibians– Reptiles– Birds– Mammals

Animal Behaviors & Habits

• Behaviors allow animals to live in their habitats– The way they feed– The way they protect themselves– The way they reproduce

• Behaviors may be learned or instinctual• Behaviors allow animals to adapt to changes• Behaviors allow animals to form a niche• A niche is a role that an animal plays in its

habitat

Animal Structure or Anatomy

• The anatomy of an animal enables it to survive in its habitat– The way it moves– The way it eats

• Examples– Wolves have canine and incisor teeth that allow them

to eat meat– Deer have a ruminant digestive tract that allow them

to eat grass and leaves– Ducks have a flat bill that allow them to scoop food

from water

Animal Nutrition & Digestion

• Most animals have a simple stomach– Food is broken down by

enzymes

• Ruminants have a multiple compartment stomach– Bacteria in the rumen ferment

foods high in fiber

• Birds use a crop and a gizzard to break down food before it reaches the stomach

Common Factors

• All animal digestion occurs with nutrients being carried by water– From the digestive tract– Into the blood stream

• In the blood stream nutrients are carried to cells where they are used for:– Energy– Growth– Reproduction