ZZZZThuat Ngu Chong Set AV VA

7/31/2019 ZZZZThuat Ngu Chong Set AV VA

1/177

0

HUT NG CN BN V

CHNG ST V NI T

ASIC TERMS OF LIGHTNING

PROTECTION AND EARTHING

Bin son: V Hng Cng

Trung tm in tMy tnh

i hc Khoa hc tnhin TPHCM

-TP. HCH MINH, 2012


2/177

1

Li ni uTi liu ny c son tho trong khun khbin son ti liu cho

chuyn THIT KIN HP CHUN ca Trung tm in tMy tnh, Trng

i hc Khoa hc Tnhin TP. HCh Minh.

Ti liu c hon thnh s tho nhm mc ch kp thi trgip thut

ng cho nhng ai ang ccng nghin cu chuyn su v k thut thc

hnh chng st, mt k thut ang c xem lc t ti liu bng ting

Vit.

Mt sngi cho rng k thut chng stcn nhiu iu m h. Thc t

khng hn l nh vy !

Tiu chun chng st v ni t cho cc cng trnh hin nay ang c

nhiu pht trin i mi trn phm vi th gii. Trong thi i bng n

cng ngh hin nay, cc thnh phn iu khin v truyn thng nhy nhiungy cng hin din nhiu trong cc cng trnh. Do cc k thut v

tiu chun chng st mi khng cha ra cc bin php bo vchnh bn

thn cng trnh m cn cc bin php bo vcho cc h thng bn trong

cng trnh . ng thi cng v mc ch gim thiu nhiu in p v

in t, hin nay trong nhng cng trnh quan trng, cc tiu chun mi

khuyndng duy nht mt h thng ni t cho tt ccc mc ch ni

t h thng, ni t chng stv ni t vin thng/iu khin.

Cc thut ng mi trong k thut ni t v chng st bao hm cc khi

nim v bin php k thut mi, do cn phi c a ra khng ch

di dng tn gi m phi di dng nh ngha. Do cc mc tc

chch trnh by theo dng nh ngha song ng Anh-Vit.

Trn quan im tn trng s thng nht thut ng. Cc thut ng hin

hnh ting Vit trong ti liu ny hon ton tng thch vi cc thut

ngang c s dng trong nhng tiu chun chng st, tiu chun lp

t in, v tiu chun lp t vin thng hin hnh ca Vit Nam.

Cc thut ng mi c nghtrong ti liu ny hu ht c dch

mt-mt t nhng thut ng ting Anh trong cc tiu chun mi ca y

Ban K thut in Quc tIEC v Lin hip Vin thng Quc t ITU, theonguyn tc tn trng k tha thut ng khoa hc.

Ti liu c chia lm hai phn: Phn tra cu Anh-Vit trgip cho

nhng ngi ang nghin cu c hiu c cc ti liu, tiu chun chng

st v ni t bng ting Anh. Phn tra cu Vit-Anh nhm gip cho cc

hc vin chuyn THIT KIN HP CHUN nm chc ngha cc thut

ngv tip thu thng nht mt s thut ng mi, trnh hiu nhm trong

hc tp.

Ngoi ra cn mt vn thc tl hin nay mt s quc gia c tiu

chun chng st ring, khng thng nht vi nhau, ng thi khng thngnht vi tiu chun quc t. V dtiu chun v thit b chng st

phng tia tin o, l tiu chun quc gia ca Php v Ty Ban Nha,,


3/177

2

nhng khng ph hp vi tiu chun IEC v Tiu chun quc gia ca Vit

Nam Cc thut ngdng ring cho cc tiu chun loi nyc t trong

du >phn bit r.

Mt cch thc t, ti liu ny, ra i trc khi thc hin tm nguyn

son xong GIO TRNH K THUT CHNG ST, nh l mt s th hin cch lm

vic khoa hc ca tc gi.

Xin gi li cm nsu sc n PGS TS Nguyn Hu Phng, ngi thy knh

mn, lun ng vin, khch ltc gitrn con ng hc tp v nghin

cu.

Cng xin gi li cm nchn thnhn tt ccc ng nghip v cc hc

vin cho nhiu gip c thhon thnh s tho ti liu.

Tc gi mong nhn c nhiu kin ng gp ca mi ngi v nhng sai

st v thiu st ca tp sch nhny./-

V Hng Cng, [email protected], 0983809620, www.ttdtmt.com


4/177

3

PHN TRA CU ANH-VIT

Above-ground electronic equipment enclosure (AG/EEE) --

Cu trc che chn bo v thit bin tt ni trn mt t

Mt cu trc che chn bo v thit bin tm ton b phn hoc mt

phn c t ni trn mt t. Thit b lp t c th tip cn y

tbn trong. Phn loi AG/EEE bao gm nhng cu trc di chuyn c, v

cn c nhng cu trc mt phn hay ton bc xy dng hoc lp t

ti cng trng.

An EEE that is wholly or partially above ground level. Installed

equipment is fully accessible from the interior area. The AG/EEE

subcategory includes transportable structures as well as structurespartially or fully constructed or assembled on-site.

Air termination -- Cc thu st

Mt b phn n ca h thng cc thu st, nh mt kim (thanh) thu st,

li thu st, hay dy thu st, nhm tip nhn cc tia st,

A single component of air-termination system such as a rod, a conductors

mesh, or a catenary wire intended to intercept lightning flashes.

Air-termination system -- H thng cc thu st

B phn ca H thng chng st bn ngoi dng nhng phn tnh kim thu

st, li thu st, hay dy thu st tip nhn nhng tia st.

Part of an external LPS using metallic elements such as rods, mesh

conductors or catenary wires intended to intercept lightning flashes.

Alluvium -- Ph sa.

Arm's reach -- Tm (tay) vi

Vng tip cn tip xc bn ngoi mt im trn mt b mt ni ngi ta

thng ng v di chuyn xung quanh xt n gii hn m mt ngi c th

vi ti bng tay theo mi pha, khng c h tr.

Zone of accessibility to touch extending from any point on a surface

where persons usually stand or move about to the limits which a person

can reach with the hand, in any direction, without assistance.


5/177


6/177

5

Basic protection -- Bo vchnh (bo vc bn)

Bo v chng in git di iu kin khng c s c.

Protection against electric shock under fault-free conditions.

Below-ground electronic equipment enclosure (BG/ EEE) --

Cu trc che chn bo v thit bin tt ngm di mt t

Mt cu trc che chn bo v thit bin t nm ton bdi mt t,

tr cng vo, ngun cung cp xoay chiu v thit biu ho. Thit b

lp t c th tip cn y tbn trong.

An EEE that is completely below ground level except possibly for an

entryway, a.c. power service, and environmental control equipment.

Installed equipment is fully accessible from the interior area.

Bond -- Lin kt

ng dn nhm cung cp kt ni dn in gia h thng thu st v cng

trnh kim loi khc, ng thi gia cc phn ca cng trnh kim loi.

Conductor intended to provide electrical connection between the LPS and

other metalwork and between various portions of the latter.

Bonding bar -- Thanh lin kt

Thanh kim loi trn , nhng lp t kim loi, nhng b phn dn in

bn ngoi, nhng ng dy in lc v truyn thng, v nhng cp khc

c th ni lin kt vi mt H thng chng st.

Metal bar on which metal installations, external conductive parts,

electric power and telecommunication lines and other cables can be

bonded to an LPS .

Bonding-bus --ng dn kt ni

Mt dy dn hoc mt nhm dy dn kt ni tm tip t chnh vi cc

thnh phn kim loi trong nh trm vin thng.

A conductor or a group of conductors for connecting the main earth

terminal to metal parts in telecommunication building.


7/177

6

Bonding network (BN) -- Mng lin kt

Mng ni lin kt tt ccc phn dn ca cu trc v ca cc h thng

bn trong (ngoi trcc phn mang in) vo h thng in cc t.

BN nhm che chn nh hng in tcho cc h thng thit bin tv

con ngi.

Interconnecting network of all conductive parts of the structure and of

internal systems (live conductors excluded) to the earth-termination

system.

BN is intended for electromagnetic shielding for electronic equipment

and human beings.

Breakdown voltage (Ub) --in p nh xuyn

in p nh xuyn l in p xung nh thng gia cc thnh phn kim

loi trong li cp v v kim loi ca cp.

Impulse breakdown voltage between metallic components in the core and

the metallic sheath of a telecommunication cable.

Carboniferous sediments -- Trmtch c carbon.

Cardiac fibrillation -- Rung lit tim

Rung lit cc c ca mt hay nhiu ngn tim, dn n nhiu lon chc

nng tim.

Fibrillation of the muscles of one or more heart chambers, leading to

a disturbance of cardiac function.

Cathodic protection -- Bo v chng hiu ng ca-tt

Min nhim in ha to nn bng cch phn cc ca-tt ng cch.

Electrochemical immunity produced by an appropriate cathodic

polarization.

Characteristic impedance -- Tng trc tnh

Tham schnh xc nh s lan truyn tn hiu in dc theo mt ng

dy. Tn hiu ny lun l mt cp ca hai sng chy, in p U(t) v

dng in i(t), chng lin kt cng v lan truyn cng mt vn tc. Tngtrc tnh Zc (cn gi l tng trsng) l t s hng gia hai gi

trny, ngha l Zc = U(t) / i(t).


8/177

7

The main parameter for defining electrical signal propagation along a

line. This signal is always a pair of two mobile waves, voltage u(t) and

current i(t), that are rigidly linked and which propagate at the same

speed. The characteristic impedance Zc (also referred to as "wave

impedance") is the constant ratio between these two values, i.e. Zc =

u(t) / i(t).

Class I equipment -- Thit b cp I

Thit btrong bo v chng in git khng ch ph thuc vo cch

in chnh, m cn bao gm nhng phng tin kt ni nhng b phn dn

in hn mt dy dn bo v trong h thng lp t cnh.

Equipment in which protection against electric shock does not rely on

basic insulation only, but which includes means for the connection of

exposed conductive parts to a protective conductor in the fixed wiring

of the installation .

Class II equipment -- Thit b cp II

Thit b trong bo v chng in git khng ch ph thuc vo cch

in chnh, m cn ph thuc vo nhng phng an ton cng thm nh

cung cp cch in bsung. Khng c dphng kt ni cc phn kim

loi h ca thit bn mt dy dn bo v, v khngyu cu d

phng trong h thng lp t cnh.

Equipment in which protection against electric shock does not rely on

basic insulation only, but in which additional safety precautions such

as supplementary insulation are provided, there being no provision for

the connection of exposed metalwork of the equipment to a protective

conductor, and no reliance upon precautions to be taken in the fixed

wiring of the installation .

Class of LPS -- Cp ca H thng chng st

S chphn hng ca mt h thng chng st theo mc bo v chng st m

n c thit k.

Number denoting the classification of an LPS according to the lightning

protection level (LPL) for which it is designed .

Clamp -- Kp .

Clay --t st .

Clay shales -- phin st.


9/177

8

Clay slates -- st xm .

Combination type SPD -- SPD loi kt hp

SPD kt hp chai thnh phn chuyn mch in p v hn chin p, n

c th biu ltnh cht chuyn mch in p, hn chin p hoc chai, ph thuc vo c tnh ca in p p dng.

SPD that incorporates both voltage-switching and voltage-limiting type

components and that may exhibit voltage-switching, voltage-limiting or

both voltage-switching and voltage-limiting behaviour, depending upon

the characteristics of the applied voltage.

Combustible materials -- Vt liu dchy.

Common Bonding Network CBN -- Mng lin kt chung

Phng tin chnh ni lin kt v ni t hiu qubn trong mt cng

trnh vin thng. N l tp hp nhng thnh phn kim loi ni lin kt

vi nhau mt cch chnh hoc tnh c to nn phn chnh ca mng

lin kt chung trong mt cng trnh. Nhng thnh phn ny gm c: thp

kt cu hay nhng thanh ct thp, ng nc kim loi, ng lun (thp) ca

in a.c., dy dn bo v, gi cp, dy dn lin kt. CBN lun lun c

topo li v c kt ni vo mng ni t.

The principal means for effecting bonding and earthing inside a

telecommunication building. It is the set of metallic components that

are intentionally or incidentally interconnected to form the principal

BN in a building. These components include: structural steel or

reinforcing rods, metallic plumbing, a.c. power conduit, PE conductors,

Common d.c. return power system (d.c. C) --

Ngun mt chiu ng v chung

Mt h thng ngun DC trong dy dn vc ni vi mng lin kt

(BN) xung quanh ti nhiu vtr. Mng lin kt chung (BN) ny c th

l mt mng lin kt mt li (MBN) (kt qul ta c mng MBN vi ngun

mt chiu ng v chung) hoc mt mng lin kt cch ly (IBN) (kt qu

l ta c mng IBN vi ngun mt chiu ng v chung). Cng c nhng cu

hnh phc tp hn.

A d.c. power system in which the return conductor is connected to the

surrounding BN at many locations. This BN could be either a mesh-BN

(resulting in a d.c.-C MBN system) or an IBN (resulting in a d.c.-C IBNsystem). More complex configurations are possible.


10/177

9

Common mode (CM) -- Mt chung

in p nh nhau vi tt ccc dy dn trong mt nhm khi o gia nhm

ny, ti mt vtr cho trc, vi mt im tham chiu bt k(thng l

t).

Voltage common to all conductors of a group as measured between that

group at a given location and an arbitrary reference (usual earth).

Compact and crystalline sandstone -- Sa thch cng v tinh th.

Conductive part -- B phn dn in

B phn c thmang dng in.

Part which can carry electric current.

(Conductive) screen, (Conductive) shield (US) -- Che chn dn in

B phn dn in gip che chn hay phn cch nhng mch in v/hoc dy

dn.

Conductive part that encloses or separates electric circuits and/or

conductors.

Conductor -- Dy dn

Phn dn in nhm mang mt dng in chnh.

Conductive part intended to carry a specified electric current.

(Conductor) continuity fault, open circuit fault -- Sct dy

Tnh trng mt phn tc tng trtng i ln bt ng hin din giahai im ca cng mt ng dy.

State of an item characterized by the accidental presence of a

relatively high impedance between two points of the same conductor.

(Conductor) continuity fault current -- Dng in sct dy

Dng in trong mt tng tr to nn s c mt lin tc ca dy dn

Electric current in the impedance causing the conductor continuity

fault.


11/177

10

Connected line --ng dy kt ni .

Connecting component -- Thnh phn kt ni

B phn ca H thng chng st dng kt ni cc dy dn vi nhau hay

vi cc lp t kim loi.

GHI CH: Cng bao gm thnh phn bc cu v ming m rng.

Part of an LPS which is used for the connection of conductors to each

other or to metallic installations .

NOTE: This also includes bridging component and expansion piece.

Connection -- Kt ni, Mi ni

v d: Cadweld connection Mi ni Cadweld.

Connection current (of F.O.C)Ic -- Dng in mi ni(ca cp quang)

Dng in vcp nh nht, gy nn h hng chnh, c nh gi vi php

th nghim khnng khng dng xung t bin ca nhng thnh phn kt

ni.

Minimum sheath current value, causing primary failures, evaluated with

the test for surge current resistibility of the interconnecting

elements.

Connector -- u ni .

Construction -- (Kt cu) xy dng .

Contents -- Vt cha .

Conventional earthing impedance -- Tng tr ni t quy c

T s ca cc tr snh ca in p cc t v dng in cc t, theo

cch tng qut, ngha l khng xy ra ng thi.

Ratio of the peak values of the earth-termination voltage and the earth-

termination current which, in general, do not occur simultaneously.


12/177

11

Conventional touch voltage limit UL --in p tip xc quy c

Gi tr ti a ca ca in p tip xc k vng n c cho php duy tr

khng hn nh trong nhng iu kin v nh hng bn ngoi xc nh.

Maximum value of the prospective touch voltage which is permitted to be

maintained indefinitely in specified conditions of external influences.

Coordinated SPD system -- H thng SPD theo ta

SPD c la chn ng, c lp t v xp xp theo ta to thnh

mt h thng nhm mc ch gim h hng cho cc h thng in v in

t.

SPDs properly selected, coordinated and installed to form a system

intended to reduce failures of electrical and electronic systems.

>

Cost of protection measure -- Chi ph ca bin php bo v .

Cost of residual loss -- Chi ph tn tht cn li.

Cost of total loss without protection measure -- Chi ph tn tht tonbkhi khng c bin php bo v.

Coupler -- Kp-l, ng ni

Mi ni c / in gia hai nhiu phn ca mt h thng chng st.

Mechanical and/or electrical junction between two or more portions of a

LPS.


13/177

12

Dangerous sparking -- Phng in nguy him

Phng in do st to nn thit hi vt cht trong cng trnh cn c

bo v.

Electrical discharge due to lightning which causes physical damage in

the structure to be protected.

Data line --ng dliu

Cp mang thng tin, phn bit vi in nng.

GHI CH: v d vng d liu l nhng ng dy in thoi, ng dy

iu khin txa v ng dy tn hiu.

Cable carrying information as distinct from power.

NOTE: Examples of data lines are telephone lines, telemetry control and

signal lines.

Differential mode (DM) -- Mt vi sai

in p ti mt im cho trc, gia hai dy dn khc nhau ca mt nhm.

GHI CH: mt vi phn i khi c gi l mt ngang.

Voltage at a given location between two conductors of a group.

NOTE: Differential mode is sometimes known as transverse mode.

Direct contact -- Tip xc trc tip

Tip xc in ca ngi hay vt vi b phn mang in.

Electric contact of persons or animals with live parts.

Direct lightning current to aerial cables (J) --

Dng st nh trc tip gy h hng cho cp treo (J)

Dng st nh nht nh vo mt cp treo gy ra mt c phng in xung

t.

Minimum lightning current which strikes an aerial cable causing a

flashover to ground.


14/177

13

Double insulation -- Cch in kp

Cch in bao gm ccch in chnh v cch in b sung.

Insulation comprising both basic insulation and supplementary

insulation.

Down conductor -- Dy xung

Dy dn ni mt b phn thu st vi mt cc ni t.

Conductor that connects an air termination with an earth termination.

Down-conductor system -- H thng dy xung (Ht dn st xung)

L mt phn ca h thng chng st bn ngoi, nhm mc ch dn dng stt h thng cc thu st xung h thng cc ni t.

Part of an external LPS intended to conduct lightning current from the

air-termination system to the earth-termination system.

Downward flash -- Tia st hng xung

Tia st khi u bng tia tin o (leader) hng xung, tm my

xung t.

GHI CH: Tia st hng xung gm mt c st ngn trc tin, sau c

thl nhng c st ngn lin tip. Mt hay nhiu c st ngn c th

theo sau bng mt c st di.

Lightning flash initiated by a downward leader from cloud to earth.

NOTE: A downward flash consists of a first impulse, which can be

followed by subsequent impulses. One or more impulses may be followed by

a long stroke.

Duration of long stroke current Tlong -- Thi gian xung dng c st di

Thi gian trong khong dng in ca c st di c tr s t 10% tr s

nh lc tng cho n 10% tr snh lc gim.

Time duration during which the current in a long stroke is between the

10 % of the peak value during the increase of the continuing current and

10 % of the peak value during the decrease of the continuing current.


15/177

14

>

Earth , Ground (US) --t

L vt th dn in (Tri) t, c in th ti mi im c quy c

xem nh bng khng.

Conductive mass of the Earth, whose electric potential at any point is

conventionally taken as equal to zero.

Earth (verb) , Ground (verb) (US) -- Ni t (Tip t)

To mt kt ni in gia mt im cho trc trong mt h thng, mt lp

t, hay mt thit b, v mt t ti ch.

GHI CH: Kt ni vt ti chc thl:

- Chnh, hay

- Khng chnh hay bt ng

V c thvnh vin hoc tm thi.

Make an electric connection between a given point in a system or in an

installation or in equipment and a local earth .

NOTE The connection to local earth may be

intentional, or

unintentional or accidental

and may be permanent or temporary.

Earth electrode, Ground pole (US) --in cc t (Cc tip t)

Mt b phn hay nhm cc b phn dn in tip xc mt thit vi t v

cung cp kt ni in vi t.

A conductive part or a group of conductive parts in intimate contact

with and providing an electrical connection with earth.


16/177

15

Earth electrode resistance --in trin cc t

in tr ca mt in cc t so vi t.

Resistance of an earth electrode to earth.

Earth fault , Ground fault (US) -- Sc chm t

Xy ra mt ng dn in bt ng gia mt dy dn mang in v t.

GHI CH: ng dn c thi qua mt cch in hng, qua kt cu (v d

ct, gin gio, cn cu, thang), hay i qua cy ci (cy to, bi cy) v

c thc mt tng trng k.

Occurrence of an accidental conductive path between a live conductor and

the Earth .

NOTE: The conductive path can pass through a faulty insulation,

through structures (e.g. poles, scaffoldings, cranes, ladders), or

through vegetation (e.g. trees, bushes) and can have a significant

impedance.

Earth fault current -- Dng in sc chm t

Dng in s c chy vo t.

Fault current which flows to earth.

Earth fault factor , Ground fault factor (US)

H s sc chm t

Ti mt vtr cho trc ca mt h thng 3 pha, v i vi mt cu hnh

h thng cho trc, l t s gia gi tr hiu dng cao nht ca in p

tn scng nghip pha-t trn mt dy pha khe mnh trong thi gian

mt s c chm t nh hng mt hay nhiu dy pha ti mt im bt k

ca h thng, vi gi tr hiu dng ca in p tn scng nghip pha-t c tht c ti vtr cho trc trong trng hp khng c s c

chm t nh vy.

At a given location of a three-phase system, and for a given system

configuration, ratio of the highest root-mean-square value of line-

to-earth power frequency voltage on a healthy line conductor during

an earth fault affecting one or more line conductors at any point

on the system, to the root-mean-square value of line-to-earth power

frequency voltage which would be obtained at the given location

in the absence of any such earth fault.


17/177

16

Earth fault loop impedance -- Tng trvng sc chm t

Tng tr ca mch vng s c chm t bt u v kt thc ti im s c

chm t, k hiu Zs.

GHI CH: Vng s c chm t gm c nhng thnh phn sau bt u tim

s c:

Dy dn bo v mch;

Cc ni t ca ngi s dng v dy dn t; v

Vi h thng TN, ng v kim loi; hoc vi h thng TT v IT,

ng vt; v

ng i qua im trung tnh ni t ca my bin p v dy qun

ca my bin p; v

Dy dn pha tmy bin p n im s c.

Impedance of the earth fault current loop starting and ending at the

point of earth fault, denoted by the symbol Zs .

NOTE: The earth fault loop comprises the following, starting at the

point of fault:

The circuit protective conductor; and

The consumers earthing terminal and earthing conductor; and

For TN systems, the metallic return path; or for TT and IT systems,

the earth return path; and

The path through the earthed neutral point of the transformer and thetransformer winding; and

The phase conductor from the transformer to the point of fault.

Earth grid -- Li ni t

in cc t di dng hai nhm in cc t chn nm ngang, song song,

trong cng mt vng hnh ch nht, thng t gn nh thng gc vi

nhau, vi cc in cc c ni lin kt ti mi giao im.

Earth electrode in the form of two overlapping groups of buried,

parallel, horizontal electrodes in the same rectangular area, usually

laid approximately at right angles to each other, with the electrodes

bonded at each intersection.

Earth leakage current -- Dng r t

Dng in chy vo t, hay vo nhng b phn dn in ngoi lai, trong

mt mch in ang tt (cha h hng).


18/177

17

GHI CH: Dng in ny c thc mt thnh phn in dung bao gm c kt

qu do s dng cc tin c chch.

Current which flows to earth, or to extraneous-conductive-parts, in a

circuit which is electrically sound .

NOTE: This current can have a capacitive component including that

resulting from the deliberate use of capacitors.

Earth potential rise (EPR) --tng tht .

Earth-return path, Ground-return path (US) --ng vt

ng dn in cung cp bi t, dy dn hay b phn dn in gia nhng

btr ni t.

Electrically conductive path provided by the Earth, conductors or

conductive parts between earthing arrangements.

Earth rod -- Cc (thanh) t

in cc t dng thanh, c ng thng vo trong t, v tip xc trc

tip vi t.

Earth electrode with shape of rod, driven horizontally into earth andcontact directly with earth.

Earth-surface voltage (to earth),

Ground-surface voltage (to ground), Ground potential (US) --

in p mt t (so vi t tham chiu),in th mt t

in p gia mt im xc nh trn mt t v t tham chiu.

Voltage between a specified point on the Earth's surface and reference

earth.

Earth termination system --

H thng in cc t , H thng in cc tip t

Phn ca mt trang b ni t trong phm vi cc in cc t v ni lin

kt gia chng.

(Phn ca h thng chng st bn ngoi nhm dn v phn tn dng st vo

trong t.)


19/177

18

The part of an earthing installation that is restricted to the earth

electrodes and their interconnections.

(Part of an external LPS which is intended to conduct and disperse

lightning current into the earth.)

Earth termination system resistance --in tr h thng in cc t

in tr gia mi ni kim tra v t: n bng thng s ca tng

in th, o mi ni kim tra so vi mt tham chiu xa v cng, v

mt dng in p dng vo in cc t.

Resistance between the test joint and earth: it equals the quotient of

potential increase, measured at the test joint with respect to an

infinitely remote reference, and of the applied current to the earth

electrode.

Earth-termination voltage --in p in cc t

Hiu in th gia h thng in cc t v t xa.

Potential difference between the earth-termination system and the remote

earth .

Earthed concentric wiring -- Dy dn ng trc ni t

H thng dy dn trong mt hay nhiu rut dn bc cch in c bao

bc sut chiu di ca chng bng mt dy dn, v d, mt v bo v kim

loi, n ng vai tr nh mt dy PEN.

Wiring system in which one or more insulated conductors are completely

surrounded throughout their length by a conductor, e.g. a metallic

sheath, which acts as a PEN conductor.

Earthing , Grounding (US) -- Ni t .

Earthing arrangement, Grounding arrangement (US) --

Btr ni t

Tt c kt ni in v kh clin quan n ni t trong mt h thng,

mt lp t hay mt thit b.

All the electric connections and devices involved in the earthing of a

system, an installation or an equipment.


20/177

19

Earthing conductor, Ground conductor (US) -- Dy dn t (Cp dn t)

Mt dy dn bo v kt ni cc hay thanh ni t chnh n in cc t.

A protective conductor connecting the main earth terminal or bar to the

earth electrode.

Earthing-conductor voltage (to earth),

Grounding-conductor voltage (to ground) (US) --

in p dy dn t so vi t

in p gia dy dn t so vi t tham chiu.

Voltage between the earthing conductor and reference earth.

Earthing for work, Grounding for work (US) -- Ni t lm vic

Ni t ngt ngun cc b phn mang in sao cho cng vic c th

thc hin m khng c nguy him in git.

Earthing deenergized live parts so that work may be performed without

danger of electric shock.

Earthing resistance --in tr tip t

in tri vi dng in truyn lan tcc in cc tip t, k c

dy ni cc in cc.

Resistance to the current propagate from the earth electrodes, composed

of all connector and electrodes.

Earthing system, Grounding system (US) --

H thng ni t, H thng tip t

H thng ton b kt hp h thng in cc t v mng lin kt.

Complete system combining the earth-termination system and the bonding

network.

Earthing switch, Grounding switch (US) -- Chuyn mch ni t

Kh c chuyn mch c kh cho nhng b phn ni t ca mt mch in,

c khnng khng dng s cnh l ngn mch trong mt thi gian ch

nh, nhng khng i hi phi mang dng dn bnh thng ca mch in.


21/177

20

Mechanical switching device for earthing parts of an electric circuit,

capable of withstanding for a specified duration electric currents under

abnormal conditions such as those of short-circuit, but not required to

carry electric current under normal conditions of the electric circuit.

Effective lightning collection area -- Din tch thu st hiu dng .

(Effective) touch voltage --in p tip xc hiu dng

in p gia nhng b phn dn in khi tip xc ng thi bi mt ngi

hay mt ng vt.

GHI CH: Gi trin p tip xc hiu dng c th bnh hng ng k

bi tng tr ca ngi hay vt trong tip xc vi nhng b phn dn

in.

Voltage between conductive parts when touched simultaneously by a person

or an animal .

NOTE: The value of the effective touch voltage may be appreciably

influenced by the impedance of the person or the animal in electric

contact with these conductive parts.

Electric burn -- Chy in

Chy da hay mt c quan ni tng gy nn bi mt dng in dc theo b

mt ca n hay xuyn qua n.

Burning of the skin or an organ caused by an electric current along

its surface or through it.

Electric contact -- Tip xc in

Trng thi hai hay nhiu b phn dn in tip xc vi nhau bt nh hay

khng chnh v to nn mt ng dn n lin tc.

State of two or more conductive parts which touch each other

accidentally or intentionally and form a single continuous conductive

path.

(Electric) counterpoise system -- H thng i trng in

Dy dn hay h thng dy dn, chn trong t, v kt ni in vi nhng

ct ca ng dy cp treo.


22/177

21

Conductor, or system of conductors, buried in the ground, and

electrically connecting the footings of the supports of an overhead

line.

Electric shock --in git

Hiu ng sinh l do kt qu tmt dng in i qua mt c thngi hay

ng vt.

Physiological effect resulting from an electric current through a human

or animal body.

Electrical enclosure -- (Cu trc) che chn in

Cu trc che chn cung cp bo v chng li nhng nguy him tin liu c

th xy ra do in.

Enclosure providing protection against the foreseen dangers created by

electricity.

Electrical system -- H thng in

H thng kt hp cc thnh phn cp in h th.

System incorporating low voltage power supply components .

(Electrical) tetanization -- Co rt c (do in)

S co li ca c ti a hay gn ti a do bkch thch in.

GHI CH: Mt sco rt c lin tc c c th to nn do bkch thch

in lp li nhng thi khong ngn hn thi gian co rt c to nn

bi mt tc nhn kch thch n.

Maximal or nearly maximal muscular contraction caused by electricalstimulation.

NOTE: A continuous tetanization may be produced by electric stimuli

repeated at intervals shorter than the duration of the tetanization

produced by a single stimulus.

Electrically independent earth electrodes --in cc t c lp vin

in cc t c vtr cch xa mt in cc khc sao cho dng ti a nu

chy qua mt trong chng khng lm nh hng ng kn in th cain cc kia.


23/177

22

Earth electrodes located at such a distance from one another that the

maximum current likely to flow through one of them does not

significantly affect the potential of the other(s).

(Electrically) instructed person --Ngi c hun luyn vin

Ngi c c vn hay c gim st bi ngi c knng vin c

th nhn lnh ri ro v trnh c him nguy m in c thgy ra.

Person adequately advised or supervised by electrically skilled persons

to enable him or her to perceive risks and to avoid hazards which

electricity can create.

(Electrically) protective barrier -- Ro chn bo v(in)

B phn cung cp bo v chng tip xc trc tip t bt khng tip

cn thng thng no.

Part providing protection against direct contact from any usual

direction of access.

(Electrically) protective enclosure --

(Cu trc) che chn bo v vin

Che chn in in bao quanh cc b phn bn trong ca thit b chng

truy nhp n cc phn mang in nguy him t mi pha.

Electrical enclosure surrrounding internal parts of equipment to

prevent access to hazardous-live-parts from any direction.

(Electrically) protective obstacle -- Vt cn bo v(in)

B phn ngn tip xc trc tip khng chnh, nhng khng ngn tip

xc trc tip bng hnh ng c.

Part preventing unintentional direct contact, but not preventing

direct contact by deliberate action.

(Electrically) protective screen,

(Electrically) protective shield (US) - Che chn bo v vin

Che chn dn in dng ngn cch mt mch in v/hoc dy dn khi

nhng phn mang in nguy him.


24/177

23

Conductive screen used to separate an electric circuit and/or

conductors from hazardous-live-parts.

(Electrically) protective screening,

(Electrically) protective shielding (US) --

(S, bin php)Che chn bo v vin

Ngn cch nhng mch in v/hoc dy dn khi nhng phn mang in nguy

him bng che chn bo v vin c ni n h thng lin kt ng

th bo v nhm cung cp bo v chng in git.

Separation of electric circuits and/or conductors from hazardous-live-

parts by an electrically protective screen connected to the

protective equipotential bonding system and intended to provide

protection against electric shock.

(Electrically) protective separation -- Phn cch bo v (vin)

Phn cch mt mch in khi mt mch khc bng phng tin:

- cch in kp hay

- cch in chnh v che chn bo v hay

-cch in tng cng.

Separation of one electric circuit from another by means of:

- double insulation or

- basic insulation and electrically protective screening or

- reinforced insulation.

(Electrically) skilled person --Ngi c knng vin

Ngi vi o to v kinh nghim thch hp c th nhn lnh ri ro v

trnh c him nguy m in c thgy ra.

Person with relevant education and experience to enable him or her

to perceive risks and to avoid hazards which electricity can create.

Electrocution --in git cht

in git gy cht.

Fatal electric shock.


25/177

24

Electromagnetic screen -- Che chn in t

Che chn bng vt liu dn in nhm gim sxm nhp ca cc trng

in tkhc nhau vo trong vng xc nh.

Screen of conductive material intended to reduce the penetration of avarying electromagnetic field into a given region.

Electronic equipment -- Thit bin t

Nhng thit b truyn thng, nhng h thng vin trc (o lng t xa),

my tnh, iu khin v o lng, nhng lp t in tcng sut v

nhng thit btng ng c cha cc thnh phn (linh kin) in t.

Communication equipments, telemetry, computer, control and

instrumentation systems and power electronic installations and similar

equipment incorporating electronic components.

Electronic equipment cabinet (EEC) -- Ca-bin thit bin t

Mt cu trc che chn bo v thit bin t, m tt c thit bc

lp t trong c th tip cn tpha ngoi v khng phi i vo bn

trong.

An EEE for which all installed equipment can be fully accessed from theoutside without having to enter an interior area.

Electronic Equipment Enclosure (EEE) ---

Cu trc che chn bo v thit bin t

Mt cu trc cung cp bo v vt cht v mi trng cho thit bin t

vin thng, v:

- Chc mt tng;- C khng gian nn khng ln hn 100m2;

- C nhu cu ngun in AC.

A structure that provides physical and environmental protection for

electronic communication equipment, and that:

has only one level;

has a floor space of no more than about 100 m2;

has a need for a.c. mains power service.


26/177

25

Electronic system -- H thng in t

H thng kt hp nhng thnh phn in t nhy cm nh nhng thit b

vin thng, my tnh, nhng h thng iu khin v o lng, h thng v

tuyn in, v nhng lp t in tcng sut.

System incorporating sensitive electronic components such as

telecommunication equipment, computer, control and instrumentation

systems, radio systems, power electronic installations.

Equipment transient design level (ETDL) --

Gii hn xung thit k ca thit b

Mc xung ln nht cho php mt thit b(ring l) vn hot ng, khng

bh hi, c xc nh bng th nghim.

Level of transients to which a piece of equipment has been

satisfactorily tested.

Equipotential bonding -- Lin kt ng th

Kt ni in t nhng b phn dn in lv nhng b phn dn in

ngoi lai nh mt in th thc cht bng nhau.

Electrical connections putting various exposed conductive parts and

extranous conductive parts as a substantially equal potention.

(Equipotential) Bonding conductor, Equipotential conductor --

Dy lin kt (ng th), Dy ni ng th

Mt dy dn bo v cung cp lin kt ng th.

A protective conductor providing equipotential bonding.

Equipotentiality --ng th

Trng thi khi nhng phn kim loi u mt in th thc cht bng

nhau.

State when conductive parts are at a substantially equal electric

potential.

Equipotentialization by means of a meshed earthing system --

ng thha bng h thng ni t dng li.


27/177

26

Equivalent collection area of a structure AE

Din tch thu st tng ng

Mt din tch phng trn mt t s chu cng mt slng cc tia st

nh cng trnh ang kho st.

A flat ground surface subjected to the same number of lightning flashes

as the structure under consideration.

Expected risk of damages (Rd)--

Ri ro k vng ca nhng (bin c) thit hi

Gi trtrung bnh c thc ca tn tht hng nm (vcon ngi v dch

v) do st, tng ng vi tng gi tr (vcon ngi v dch v) ca i

tng c bo v.

Value of probable average annual loss (humans and goods) due to

lightning, relative to the total value (humans and goods) of the

structure to be protected .

Explosive materials -- Vt li

u d

n.

Exposed conductive part -- B phn dn in h

B phn dn in ca thit bc th tip xc, n khng l b phn mang in

nhng c th trthanh mang in di nhng iu kin s c.

Conductive part of equipment which can be touched and is not a live part but

might become live under fault conditions.

External conductive parts -- B phn dn in bn ngoi

Nhng hng mc kim loi tri di, i vo hayi ra cng trnh cn bo

v, nh ng nc, thnh phn cp bng kim loi, ng cp kim loi,v.v,

n c th mang mt phn dng st.

Extended metal items entering or leaving the structure to be protected

such as pipeworks, metallic cable elements, metal ducts, etc., which may

carry a part of the lightning current.


28/177

27

External lightning protection system --

H thng (bo v) chng st bn ngoi

Phn ca h thng chng st bao gm mt h thng cc thu st, mt h

thng dy xung, v mt h thng in cc t.

Part of the LPS consisting of an air-termination system, a down-conductor system and an earth-termination system .

External LPS isolated from the structure to be protected --

HT (bo v)chng st bn ngoi cch ly vi cu trc cn bo v

H thng chng st bn ngoi btr theo cch lm cho ng i ca dng

st khng tip xc vi cu trc cn bo v.

LPS with an air-termination system and down-conductor system positioned

in such a way that the path of the lightning current has no contact with

the structure to be protected .

External LPS not isolated from the structure to be protected --

HT chng st bn ngoi khng cch ly vi cng trnh cn bo v

H thng chng st bn ngoi btr theo cch lm cho ng i ca dng

st c th tip xc vi cng trnh cn bo v.

LPS with an air-termination system and down-conductor system positioned

in such a way that the path of the lightning current can be in contact

with the structure to be protected.

Extranous conductive part --

B phn dn in ngoi lai, B phn dn in ng ri

B phn dn in c th chu mt in th, thng lin tht, v khngto thnh b phn ca h thng lp t in.

Conductive part being liable to introduce a potential, generally earth

potential, and not forming part of the electrical installation.

Failure current (for telecom line) Ia --

Dng gy h hng (cho ng dy vin thng)

Ga trnh nh nht ca dng st to nn mt h quang trc tip trncp v gy nn h hng chnh.


29/177

28

Minimum peak value of the lightning current giving rise to a direct arc

on the cable and causing primary failure.

Failure of electrical and electronic systems --

H hng cc h thng in v in t

Thit hi vnh vin ca cc h thng in v in t do LEMP.

Permanent damage of electrical and electronic systems due to LEMP .

Fault -- Sc

Tnh trng ca mch trong dng in chy theo mt tuyn bt thng v

khng chnh.

GHI CH: iu ny c th dn th hng cch in hay ni tt cch in.

Tng tr gia cc dy mang in hoc gia dy mang in v b phn dn

h (hay ngoi lai) ti im s cc xem nh khng ng k.

Circuit condition in which current flows through an abnormal or

unintended path .

NOTE: This can result from an insulation failure or the bridging of

insulation conventionally. The impedance between live conductors or

between live conductors and exposed or extraneous-conductive-parts at

the fault position is considered negligible

Fault protection -- Bo v sc

Bo v chng in git di nhng iu kin s cn.

Protection against electric shock under single-fault conditions.

Fibrillation -- Co git, rung lit

S co qup c do cc si c ring ltc ng khng phi hp.

Muscular twitching involving individual muscle fibres acting without

Co-ordination.

Fissiles shales -- phin dip thch .


30/177

29

Fixing component -- Thnh phn cnh

Phn ca HTCS c dng cnh (gn) cc phn tvo cu trc cn

bo v.

part of an LPS which is used to fix the elements of the LPS to the

structure to be protected .

Flash charge QFLASH --in tch tia st

Tch phn thi gian ca dng st trong thi gian di tia st.

Value resulting from the time integral of the lightning current for the

entire lightning flash duration.

Flash duration T --di tia st

Thi gian tia st chy vo ti im nh trng.

Time for which the lightning current flows at the point of strike.

Foundation earth electrode --in cc t dng mng

Phn dn in c chn trong t bn di mng ta nh hoc, hay lm

hn, c m trong b tng ca mng ta nh, thng c dng mt vng

kn.

Conductive part buried in the soil under a building foundation or,

preferably, embedded in concrete of a building foundation, generally in

form of a closed loop.

Frequency of damage (Fd) -- Tn sut thit hi

S ln st nh trung bnh hng nm gy thit hi cho cng trnh vin

thng.

Average annual number of lightning discharges which cause damage in a

telecommunication plant.

Front time of short stroke current T1 --

Thi gian sn trc ca xung dng c st ngn

Tham so xc nh bng 1,25 ln khong thi gian gia nhng thi im

khi tr sxung t c 10% v 90% tr snh.


31/177

30

Virtual parameter defined as 1,25 times the time interval between the

instants when the 10 % and 90 % of the peak value are reached

Function (of structure) -- Cng nng (ca cng trnh) .

Functional earth, Functional grounding (US) -- Ni t chc nng

Ni t mt hay nhiu im trong mt h thng, mt lp t, hay mt

thit b, cho mc ch khc hn an ton in.

Earthing a point or points in a system or in an installation or in

equipment, for purposes other than electrical safety.

Functional-equipotential-bonding -- Lin kt ng th chc nng

Lin kt ng th nhm mc ch khc hn bo v.

Equipotential bonding for operational reasons other than safety.

Functional insulation -- Cch in chc nng

Cch in gia nhng b phn dn in, cn thit cho vn hnh bnh

thng ca thit b.

Insulation between conductive parts, necessary for the proper

functioning of the equipment.

Global earthing system -- H thng ni t ton cc

H thng ni t tng ng c to ra bng cch ni lin kt tt c

nhng h thng ni t cc b sao cho bo m, bng gn ca cc h

thng ni t, rng kkhng c in p tip xc nguy hiim. Nhng h

thng nh vy cho php phn chia dng s c chm t theo mt cch chokt qu mt s gim tng tht ti h thng ni t cc b.

GHI CH 1: Mt h thng nh vy c thni l to nn mt b mt chun

ng th.

GHI CH 2: S hin din ca h thng ni t ton cc c thc xc

ng bng nhng php o ly mu hoc tnh ton cho nhng h thng in

hnh. V din hnh ca nhng h thng ni t ton cc l nhng trung

tm thnh ph; nhng vng thhay cng nghip vi ni t h thv

cao thphn b.

Equivalent earthing system created by the interconnection of local

earthing systems that ensures, by the proximity of the earthing systems,


32/177

31

that there are no dangerous touch voltages. Such systems permit the

division of the earth fault current in a way that results in a reduction

of the earth potential rise at the local earthing system.

NOTE 1: Such a system could be said to form a quasi equipotential

surface.

NOTE 2: The existence of a global earthing system can be determined by

sample measurements or calculation for typical systems. Typical examples

of global earthing systems are in city centres; urban or industrial

areas with distributed low- and high-voltage earthing.

Gneiss -- g-nai.

Grid-like spatial shield -- Che chn khng gian dng li

Che chn tc trng vi cc ch m.

GHI CH: Vi mt ta nh hay mt phng, n hay c xy dng bng cch

ni lin kt nhng thnh phn kim loi tnhin ca kt cu (v d nhng

thanh ct thp trong b tng, khung sn kim loi v nhng phn chu lc

kim loi).

Magnetic shield characterized by openings.

NOTE: For a building or a room , it is preferably built by nterconnected

natural metal components of the structure (e.g. rods of reinforcement in

concrete, metal frames and metal supports).

Ground group -- T tip t

Mt hay nhiu in cc tip t c lin kt in vi nhau, c chn

trc tip trong t hoc tip xc vi t.

One or several earth electrodes interconnected, burried directly in or

in intimate contact with earth.

Hazardous-live-part -- B phn mang in nguy him

B phn mang in, di nhng iu kin no , nc thgy in git

nguy him.

Live part which, under certain conditions, can give a harmful electric

shock.


33/177

32

Horizontal electrode -- in cc nm ngang .

Igneous rocks -- ni la.

Immediate mechanical damage -- Thit hi c kh ti ch .

Impedance earthed neutral system,

Impedance grounded neutral system (US) --

H thng trung tnh ni t vi tng tr

H thng trong t nht mt im trung tnh c ni t qua mt kh

cc mt tng trc thit k hn dng ngn mch pha-t.

System in which at least one neutral point is earthed through a

device having an impedance designed to limit the line-to-earth short-

circuit current.

Impedance to earth -- Tng tr vt

Tng tr ti mt tn s gia mt im xc nh trong mt h thng, mt

lp t, hay mt thit bv t tham chiu.

Impedance at a given frequency between a specified point in a system or

in an installation or in equipment and reference earth.

Impulse voltage --in p xung

in p xung c cc c im c trng theo cch tng tnh dng xung.

Impulse voltage has characteristics in the same way as impulse current.

Indicating plate -- Bin bo

Bin ghi chi tit slng v vtr cc in cc t.

Plate detailing the number and positions of earth electrodes.

Indirect contact -- Tip xc gin tip

Tip xc in ca ngi hay vt vi b phn dn in h trthnh

mang in trong iu kin s c.

Electric contact of persons or animals with exposed-conductive-parts

which have become live under fault conditions.


34/177


35/177

34

Internal lightning protection system -- H thng chng st bn trong

Phn ca HTCS bao gm cc ni lin kt ng th chng st v/hoc cc b

tr cch ly vi HTCS bn ngoi.

Part of the LPS consisting of lightning equipotential bonding and/orelectrical insulation of external LPS .

Internal systems -- H thng bn trong

Nhng h thng in v in tbn trong cng trnh.

Electrical and electronic systems within a structure .

IONIZATION -- Ion ha

Dy qu trnh vt l theo cc ion c to ra. Mt ion l mt nguyn

t hay mt nhm nguyn t ly thm (ion m) hay mt i (ion dng)

mt hay hn electron, bng in phn hay qua pht x,

Series of physical processes by which ions are created. An ion is an

atom or group of atoms that have gained (negative ion) or lost (positive

ion) one or more electron, by electrolysis or through radiation.

Isolated Bonding Network (IBN) -- Mng lin kt cch ly

L mng lin kt c mt im ni n (SPC) n mng lin kt chung

hoc mt mng lin kt cch ly khc. Tt ccc mng lin kt cch ly

u c 1 ng ni ti t qua im ni n.

A bonding network that has a single point of connection (SPC) to

either the common bonding network or another isolated bonding network.

All IBNs considered here will have a connection to earth via the SPC.

Isolated d.c return power system (d.c - I) --

Ngun mt chiu ng vcch ly

Mt h thng ngun DC trong dy dn vc mt im ni duy nht ni

vi mng lin kt chung (BN). Cng c nhng cu hnh phc tp hn.

A d.c. power system in which the return conductor has a single point

connection to a BN. More complex configurations are possible.


36/177

35

Isolated neutral system -- H thng trung tnh cch ly

H thng trong im trung tnh khng ni t chnh, ngoi tr

nhng kt ni tng tr cao cho nhng mc ch bo vhay o lng.

System in which the neutral point is not intentionally earthed,

except for high impedance connections for protection or measurement

purposes.

Isolating interfaces -- Giao tip cch ly

Nhng kh cc khnng lm gim cc xung dn trn nhng ng dy vo

LPZ.

GHI CH 1: Bao gm cc bin p cch ly vi mn chn ni t t gia

nhng cun dy, nhng cp quang khng c kim loi, v nhng bcch ly

cp quang.

GHI CH 2: c tnh cch in ca kh c tthn thch hp cho p dng

ny hoc nh qua SPD.

Devices which are capable of reducing conducted surges on lines entering

the LPZ .

NOTE 1: These include isolation transformers with earthed screen

between windings, metal-free fibre optic cables and opto-isolators.

NOTE 2: Insulation withstand characteristics of these devices are

suitable for this application intrinsically or via SPD.

Isolating spark gap (ISG) -- Khephng in cch ly

Thnh phn vi khong cch phng in dng cho vic cch ly cc b phn

lp t c tnh dn in.

GHI CH: Trong bin cst nh trng, nhng b phn ny tm thi kt

ni dn in vi nhau do p ng vi sphng in.

Component with discharge distance for isolating electrically conductive

installation sections.

NOTE: In the event of a lightning strike, the installation sections are

temporarily connected conductively as the result of response to the

discharge.

Isolation -- Cch ly

t b phn kim loi trong v trn mt cng trnh cch h thng chngst sao cho b phn kim loi ny khng phi dn mt phn ca dng st.


37/177

36

Positioning of metal in and on a structure relative to the lightning

protection system so that the metal is not required to carry any part of

of the lightning current.

Keuper sandstone -- Sa thch Keuper.

Keraunic level (Td) --Mc keraunic

Sngy mi nm ngi ta nghe thy ting sm mt vtr a l.

Gi trngy dng trung bnh trong mt nm,ly t tng sngy dng

trong mt chu k hot ng 12 nm ca mt tri, ti mt trm quan trc

kh tng.

Number of days per year on which thunder is heard in a given location.

Average value of thunderstorm days number per year, taken from the sum

number of thunderstorm days in an activity period of 12 years of the

Sun, recorded at a meteorological observatory station.

Joint -- Mi ni

Ch kt ni c v/hoc in gia hai hay nhiu phn ca mt h thng

chng st.

Mechanical and/or electrical junction between two or more portions of a

lightning protection system.

>

Leakage current -- Dng in r

Dng in trong mt dng dn khng mong mun di iu kin vn hnh

bnh thng.

Electric current in an unwanted conductive path under normal operating

conditions.


38/177

37

LEMP protection measures --

Bin php bo v chng xung in tdo st LEMP

Bin php p dng bo v nhng h thng bn trong chng li nhng

hiu ng ca LEMP (Xung in tdo st).

GHI CH:y l mt phn ca bo v chng st ton b.

Measures taken to protect internal systems against the effects of LEMP

(Lightning electromagnetic impulse).

NOTE: This is part of overall lightning protection.

LEMP Protection Measures System LPMS --

H thng bin php bo v chng xung in tdo st

L mt h thng hon chnh ca cc bin php bo v chng li xung in

tdo st (LEMP) cho cc h thng lp t bn trong cng trnh.

The complete system of LEMP protection measures for the internal

installations of the structure.

Let-go threshold (current) --Ngng dng thot ra c

Gi tr ln nht ca dng in i qua c th mt ngi m ngi c

th tthot ra c.

Maximum value of electric current through the body of a person at which

that person can release himself or herself.

Let-through voltage --in p thng qua

in p nh ti a xy ra trong 100 s ca thi gian p dng sng th

nghim (test wave).

Maximum peak voltage occuring within 100 s of application of the test

wave.

Life hazard -- Him nguy sinh mng.

Lightning -- St

St l hin tng phng in c tia la km theo ting ntrong khng

kh, n c th xy ra bn trong m my, gia hai m my mang in tch


39/177

38

tri du hoc gia m my tch in vi t. Mt cng trnh, trong qu

trnh khai thc, chu tc ng ca st nh sau:

- Tc ng do st nh trc tip: l tc ng ca dng st nh trc

tip vo cng trnh;

- Tc ng do dng st lan truyn v cm ng: l tc ng th cp ca

st do cc nh hng tnh in, in t, galvanic...

Discharge phenomenon with flash and thunder in the air, occuring inside

the cloud, or between two clouds with opposite electric charge, or

between a charged cloud and earth. A structure, in operation process, is

affected by lightning as:

- Affected by direct lightning flash: the effect of direct lightning

flash to the structure.

- Affected by the effects of lightning current propagation and

induction: the secondary effects of lightning by electrostatic,

electromagnetic, galvanic influences.

Lightning current I -- Dng in st

Dng in chy vo im nh trng.

Current flow at the point of strike.

Lightning current parameters -- Tham sdng st.

(Lightning) dangerous event -- Bin c nguy him(do st)

Tia st nh vo hay nh gn cng trnh cn bo v, nh vo hay nh

gn ng dy kt ni vo cng trnh cn bo v, v gynn thit hi.

Lightning flash to or near the structure to be protected, or to or near

a line connected to the structure to be protected that may cause damage.

Lightning earth -- Ni t chng st

Btr ni t nhm mc ch bo v chng st.

Earthing arrangement for the purpose of lightning protection.

Lightning electromagnetic impulse (LEMP) -- Xung in tdo St

Tt c nhng hiu ng in t ca dng st, qua kt ni in tr, incm v in dung, to nn nhng xung t bin v trng in t.


40/177

39

All electromagnetic effects of lightning current via resistive,

inductive and capacitive coupling which create surges and

electromagnetic fields .

Lightning equipotential bonding EB -- Lin kt ng th chng st

Lin kt vo H thng Chng st ca nhng b phn kim loi ng ri,

bng cch dng nhng kt ni dn in trc tip hay qua nhng SPD,

gim hiu sin th to nn bi dng st.

Bonding to LPS of separated metallic parts, by direct conductive

connections or via surge protective devices, to reduce potential

differences caused by lightning current .

Lightning flash density NG -- Mt st

Mt st l s ln st nh xung mt n v din tch mt t trong

mt nm (ly bng 1 km2).

Yearly number of lightning flashes to ground per area unit (1km).

Lightning flash near a line -- Tia st nh gn mt ng dy

Tia st nh vo ni gn mt ng dy kt ni vo mt cu trc cn

bo vv n c thgy ra nhng qu p nguy him.

Lightning flash striking close enough to a line connected to the

structure to be protected that it may cause dangerous overvoltages

Lightning flash near a structure -- Tia st nh gn mt cu trc

Tia st nh vo ni gn mt cu trc cn bo vv n c thgy ra

nhng qu p nguy him.

Lightning flash striking close enough to a structure to be protectedthat it may cause dangerous overvoltages .

Lightning flash near an object -- Tia st nh gn mt vt th

Tia st nh vo ni gn mt vt th cn bo vv n c thgy ra

nhng qu p nguy him.

Lightning flash striking close enough to an object to be protected that

it may cause dangerous overvoltages.


41/177

40

Lightning flash to a line -- Tia st nh vo ng dy

Tia st nh vo mt ng dy kt ni vo mt cu trc cn c bo v.

Lightning flash striking a line connected to the structure to be

protected .

Lightning flash to a structure -- Tia st nh vo cu trc

Tia st nh vo mt cu trc cn bo v.

Lightning flash striking a structure to be protected .

Lightning flash to an object -- Tia st nh vo mt vt th

Tia st nh vo mt vt th cn bo v.

Lightning flash striking an object to be protected .

Lighning flash (to earth) -- Tia st (xung t)

Hin tng phng in c ngun gc kh quyn gia my v t gm c mt

hay nhiu c st.

Electrical discharge of atmospheric origin between cloud and earth

consisting of one or more strokes.

Lightning impulse current -- Dng xung st

Xung dng in di tn s thp, xut hin khng c chu k nht nh,

tng vt n gi trnh, ri gim xung n gi trkhng. Cc c

trng ca dng xung st l:

- Gi trnh (bin ) xung, I;

- Thi gian sn trc t gi trnh, T1;

- Thi gian sn sau gim n na gi trnh, T2;

- Dng sng dng xung, T1/T2.

Impulse current of low frequencies band, appears in unspecified period,

rises up to peak value,then reduce to zero. Characteristics of it are:

- Peak value (amplitude) of impulse;

- Front time to peak value, T1;

- Time to half value on the tail, T2;

- Wave shape of the impulse current, T1/T2 .


42/177

41

Lightning protection (LP) -- (Bo v) chng st

H thng ton b bo vcng trnh, v/hoc nhng h thng in v

in t trong nhng cng trnh chng li cc hiu ng ca st, bao

gm mt H thng chng st (LPS) v cc Bin php bo v chng xung t

bin (SPM)

Complete system for the protection of structures and/or electrical and

electronic systems in those structure from the effects of lightning,

consisting of a Lightning Protection System (LPS) and Surge Protection

Measures (SPM).

Lightning protection designer -- Ngi thit k chng st

Chuyn gia thng tho v c knng thit k LPS.

Specialist competent and skilled in the design of the LPS.

Lightning protection installer --Ngi lp t chng st

Ngi thng tho v c knng lp t LPS.

Person competent and skilled in the installation of the LPS.

Lightning protection level (LPL) -- Mc b

o v

chng st

L con slin quan n mt tp hp cc tham sdng st tng ng vi

xc sut m cc gi tr thit k ln nht v nh nht skhng bvt

qu trong hin tng st nh tnhin.

GHI CH: Mc bo v chng st c dng thit k nhng bin php bo

v da theo tp hp tham s ca dng st.

Number related to a set of lightning current parameters relevant to the

probability that the associated maximum and minimum design values will

not be exceeded in naturally occurring lightning .

NOTE: Lightning protection level is used to design protection measures

according to the relevant set of lightning current parameters.

Lightning Protection System LPS -- H thng (bo v) chng st

L mt h thng hon chnh c dng lm gim cc thit hi vt cht

do st nh vo cng trnh.

Complete system used to reduce physical damage due to lightning flashes to a

structure.


43/177

42

Lightning protection zone (LPZ) --Vngbo v chng st

Vng trong mi trng in t ca st c xc nh.

GHI CH: nhng bin ca mt vng bo v chng stLPZ khng cn phi

trng vi bin ca vt th(v d: tng, sn, trn).

Zone where the lightning electromagnetic environment is defined .

NOTE: The zone boundaries of an LPZ are not necessarily physical

boundaries (e.g. walls, floor and ceiling).

Lightning protective cable -- Cp c bo v chng st

Cp c bit c bn in mi tng cng, v kim loi ca n tip xc

vi t, hoc trc tip hoc bng cch dng v bc nha dn in.

Special cable with increased dielectric strength, whose metallic sheath

is in continuous contact with the soil either directly or by the use of

conducting plastic covering.

Lightning protective cable duct -- ng cp chng st -

ng cp tip xc in tr thp vi t.

VD: ng cp kim loi gia cng bng b tng vi thp kt cu lin kt

Cable duct of low resistivity in contact with the soil .

EXAMPLE: metallic duct interconnected with structural steel

reinforcements of concrete.

Lightning risk -- Ri ro st .

>

Lighning strike -- C st nh trng

Mt tia st nh trng mt cu trc.

Lightning flash attatching to a structure.


44/177

43

Lightning stroke -- C st

Mt c th trong nhng xung dng phn bit ca mt tia st.

One of the single distinguishable current impulses of a lightning flash.

Lightning thread -- Him ha st .

Limited-current source -- Ngun (hn) dng

Thit b cung cp in nng cho mt mch in:

- Vi dng trng thi n nh vin tch c gii hn n mc khng

nguy him, v

-c trang bcch ly bo vin gia ng ra thit bv bt k bphn mang in nguy him no.

Device supplying electric energy to an electric circuit:

- with a steady-state current and an electric charge limited to

non-hazardous levels, and

- equipped with electrically protective separation between the output of

the device and any hazardous-live-part.

Line --ng dy

ng ngun hay ng vin thng kt ni vi cng trnh cn bo v.

Power line or telecommunication line connected to the structure to be

protected .

Line-to-earth short-circuit -- Ngn mch pha t

Ngn mch gia mt dy pha v t, trong mt h thng trung tnh ni tcng hay trong mt h thng trung tnh ni t tng tr.

GHI CH: Dng ngn mch c thc thit lp, v d, qua mt dy dn

t v mt in cc t.

Short-circuit between a line conductor and the Earth, in a solidly

earthed neutral system or in an impedance earthed neutral system

NOTE: The short-circuit can be established, for example, through an

earthing conductor and an earth electrode.


45/177

44

Line-to-earth voltage, Line-to-ground voltage (US) --in p pha-t

in p gia mt dy pha v t tham chiu ti mt im cho trc ca

mt mch in.

Voltage between a line conductor and reference earth at a given point of

an electric circuit.

Line-to-line short-circuit -- Ngn mch pha-pha

Ngn mch gia hai hay nhiu dy pha, kt hp hay khng vi ngn mch

pha-t ti cng mt im.

Short-circuit between two or more line conductors, combined or not

with a line-to-earth short- circuit at the same place.

Line-to-line voltage --in p phapha

in p gia hai dy pha ti mt im cho trc ca mt mch in.

Voltage between two line conductors at a given point of an electric

circuit.

Line-to-neutral voltage --in p pha-trung tnh

in p gia mt dy pha v dy trong tnh ti mlt im cho trc camt mch in.

Voltage between a line conductor and the neutral conductor at a given

point of an AC circuit.

Live part -- B phn mang in

Dy dn hoc b phn dn in chnh c cp in trong s dng bnh

thng, bao gm dy trungtnh nhng, theo quy c, khng phi l dy

PEN.

Conductor or conductive part intended to be energized in normal use,

including a neutral conductor but, by convention, not a PENconductor.

Local Area Network (LAN) -- Mng cc b

H thng truyn thng d liu, h trcc Lp (layers) 1 v 2 ca Mu

chun ISO (ISO Reference Model) cho cc kt ni nhng H thng M (Open

Systems), c phm vi gia 2 u cui (end-to-end) ln n 1km, v c

tnh nng vn hnh h trthng qua cho d liu kt hp (aggregate

data) nh yu cu ca cc trm (thit bu cui).


46/177

45

Data communications system supporting layer 1 and 2 of the ISO Reference

Model for Open Systems Interconnections, having a geographic coverage up

to 1 km end-to-end and possessing sufficient performance to support the

aggregate data throughput required by stations (data terminal equipment)

being used.

(Local) earth , (Local) ground (US) --t ti ch

Phn ca t tip xc vi mt in cc t v in th ca n khng nht

thit bng khng.

Part of the Earth which is in electric contact with an earth electrode

and the electric potential of which is not necessarily equal to zero.

Log book -- S ghi

S ghi nhng kt quv bo co o thv kim tra nh k ca mt h

thng lp t chng st.

A book logged in it results and reports of periodic tests and checks of

a lightning protection system.

Long stroke -- C st di

Phn ca tia st ng vi mt dng lin tc.

GHI CH: di xung ny Tlong (t tr s 10% ca sn trc n tr s

10% ca ui xung) tiu biu thn 2ms n khng qu 1s.

Part of the lightning flash which correspond to a continueing current.

NOTE: The duration time TLONG ( Time from 10% value on the front to the

10% value on the tail) of this continueing current is typically more

than 2 ms and less then 1s.

Long stroke charge Qlong --in tch c st di

Tch phn thi gian ca dng st trong mt c st di.

Time integral of the lightning current in a long stroke .

Loss LX -- Tn tht

Lng trung bnh ca tn tht (ngi v ti sn) l hu qu ca mt loi

thit hi do mt bin c nguy him, so vi gi tr(ngi v ti sn)ca cu trc cn bo v.


47/177

46

Mean amount of loss (humans and goods) consequent on a specified type of

damage due to a dangerous event, relative to the value (humans and

goods) of the structure to be protected .

Loss, Mean (relative) amount of loss, Expected loss per damage (Lx) --

Tn tht, Trng s tn tht,

Tn tht dch v k vng vi mi thit hi (Lx)

Lng trung bnh tng i tn tht i vi mi thit hi (bin c nguy

him) gy nn bi mt tia st.

Gi trLx thay i vi loi tn tht:

- L1: Tn tht mng sng;

-L2: Tn tht dch vcng cng;

- L3: Tn tht di sn vn ha;

- L4: T tht gi tr kinh t.

Mean relative amount of loss per damage (dangerous event) caused by a

lightning flash.

The Loss value Lx varies with the type of loss:

- L1: Loss of human life;

- L2: Loss of public service;

- L3: Loss of cultural heritage;- L4: Loss of economic values.

Loss of cultural heritage -- Tn tht di sn vn ha .

Loss of economic value -- Tn tht gi tr kinh t .

Loss of human life -- Tn tht nhn mng .

Loss of service to puplic -- Tn tht dch vcng cng .

Loss of social value -- Tn tht gi trx hi .

Magnetic screen -- Che chn t

Che chn bng vt liu st t nhm gim sxm nhp trng tvo trong

vng xc nh.

Screen of ferromagnetic material intended to reduce the penetration of a

magnetic field into a given region.


48/177

47

Main earth terminal (MET), Main earth bar (MEB)

Main earthing terminal, Main earthing busbar

Main grounding terminal (US), Main grounding busbar (US) ---

Cc ni t chnh (MET), Thanh ni dt chnh (MEB)

Cc hay thanh l mt phn ca btr ni t ca mt h thng lp t vcho php kt ni in cho mt sdy dn cho nhng mc ch ni t.

Terminal or busbar which is part of the earthing arrangement of an

installation and enabling the electric connection of a number of

conductors for earthing purposes .

Malfunction -- Vn hnh sai.

Marble -- hoa cng.

Marls --t st vi.

Meshed earthing system -- H thng ni t dng li .

Mesh Bonding Network (MBN) -- Mng lin kt mt li

Mng lin kt m tt ccc khung thit b, gi , cabin, v thng

thng, dy dng ca ngun mt chiu, c ni lin kt vi nhau ng

thi vi mng lin kt chung (CBN) ti nhiu im. Kt qul mng lin

kt mt li MBN lm tng cng Mng lin kt chung CBN.

Bonding network in which all associated equipment frames, racks and

cabinets, and usually, the d.c. power return conductor, are bonded

together as well as at multiple points to the CBN. Consequently, the

mesh-BN augments the CBN.

Mesh Isolated Bonding Network (M-IBN) -- Mng lin kt cch ly mt li

Mng lin kt cch ly m trong cc thnh phn ca n c ni vi

nhau to thnh mt cu trc dng mt li.

A type of IBN in which the components of the IBN (e.g. equipment frames)

are interconnected to form a mesh-like structure.

cable racks, and bonding conductors. The CBN always has a mesh topology

and is connected to the earthing network.


49/177

48

Metal installations -- Lp t kim loi

Nhng hng mc kim loi ko di vo cng trnh cn bo vn c th to

nn mt ng dn cho dng st, nh ng nc, cu thang, ray dn hng

thang my, cc ng gi, si, v iu ha khng kh, ct thp lin kt,

Nhng phn thp kt cu.

Extended metal items in the structure to be protected which may form a

path for lightning current, such as pipework, staircases, elevator guide

rails, ventilation, heating and air-conditioning ducts, interconnected

reinforcing steel, structural metal parts

Mid-point -- im gia

im chung gia hai thnh phn mch i xng m hai im i din ca n

c kt ni in n hai dy pha khc nhau ca cng mt mch.

Common point between two symmetrical circuit elements the opposite ends

of which are electrically connected to different line conductors of the

same circuit.

Mid-point conductor -- Dy im gia

Dy kt ni in vim gia v c khnng gp phn vo vic phn phi

in nng.

Conductor electrically connected to the mid-point and capable of

contributing to the distribution of electric energy.

Multiple stroke lightning flash -- Tia st nhiu c

Tia st gm c trung bnh t3 n 4 c st, vi khong cch thi gian

tiu biu gia chng chng 50ms.

GHI CH: c nhng bo co vtia st gm vi chc c st, vi khong

cch thi gian gia chng t10ms n 250ms.

Lightning flash consisting in average of 3 or 4 strokes, with typical

time intervals between them of about 50ms.

NOTE: there have been reports of lightning flashes consisting of several

tens of strokes, with time intervals between them from 10ms to 250ms.

Mutual inductance --in cm tng h

Tnh cht ca mt mch theo mt in p c cm ng trong mt mchvng bi mt dng in bin thin trong mt dy dn ring bit khc.


50/177

49

Property of a circuit whereby a voltage is induced in a loop by a

changing current in a separate conductor.

Natural component of LPS -- Thnh phn tnhin ca H thng chng st

Nhng thnh phn c tnh dn in, khng dng ring cho h thng chngst (HTCS), m c dng thm cho HTCS, hoc trong mt strng hp c

th cung cp chc nng cho mt hay nhiu phn ca HTCS.

GHI CH: Nhng v d ca thut ngny bao gm:

- Cc thu st tnhin;

- Dy xung tnhin;

- in cc t tnhin.

Conductive component installed not specifically for lightning protection

which can be used in addition to the LPS or in some cases could provide

the function of one or more parts of the LPS.

NOTE: Examples of the use of this term include:

natural air-termination;

natural down-conductor;

natural earth electrode.

Neutral conductor -- Dy trung tnh

Dy dn ni im trung tnh ca mt h thng v c khnng gp phn vo

vic truyn dn nng lng in; trong BS 7671 thut ngcng chdy

dn tng ng ca mt h thng IT hoc DC trkhi c xc nh khc.

Conductor connected to the neutral point of a system and capable of

contributing to the transmission of electrical energy; the term also

means the equivalent conductor of an IT or d.c. system unless otherwise

specified in BS 7671.

Natural Earth Electrode --in cc t tnhin

Cc b phn bng kim loi ca cng trnh c tip xc trc tip vi t

v c s dng cho mc ch tip t.

Metalworks of the building in contact directly with earth and used for

earthing purpose.


51/177

50

Neutral-point displacement voltage --

in p dch chuyn im trung tnh

in p gia im trung tnh thc hoc o so vi t tham chiu, trong

mt h thng nhiu pha.

Voltage between the real or virtual neutral point and reference earth,in a polyphase system.

Neutral point treatment -- Ni trung tnh

Cch thc kt ni in ca im trung tnh vt.

Manner of electric connection of the neutral point to reference earth.

>

Nominal voltage --in p danh nh

in p theo mt h thng lp t (hay mt phn ca h thng lp t)c thit k.

GHI CH: Nhng dy in p danh nh sau y (gi tr hiu dng a.c.) c

xc nh:

a-in p cc thp: khng qu 50V a.c. hoc 120 V d.c. khng dn sng, gia

dy vi dy hoc vi t;

b- Hp (in p thp): cao hn in p cc thp nhng khng qu 1.000V

a.c. hoc 1.500V d.c., gia dy vi dy, hay khng qu 600V a.c hoc 900V

d.c.gia dy vi t;


52/177

51

c- Cao p (in p cao): cao hn 1.000 V a.c. hoc 1.500 V d.c. gia dy vi

dy, hay cao hn 600V a.c hoc 900V d.c.gia dy vi t;

in p thc t ca mt h thng lp t c thkhc gi trdanh nh mt

lng trong dung sai chun nh.

Voltage by which an installation (or part of an installation) is

designated .

NOTE: The following ranges of nominal voltage (r.m.s. values for a.c.)

are defined:

a- Extra-low normally not exceeding 50 V a.c. or 120 V ripple free d.c.,

whether between conductors or to earth;

b- Low normally exceeding extra-low voltage but not exceeding 1,000 V

a.c. or 1,500 V d.c. between conductors, or 600 V a.c. or 900 V d.c.

between conductors and earth;

c- High exceeding 1,000 V a.c. or 1,500 V d.c. between conductors, or

600 V a.c. or 900 V d.c. between conductors and earth .

The actual voltage of the installation can differ from the nominal value

by a quantity within normal tolerances.

Non-conducting environment --Mi trng khng dn in

Dphng ni mt ngi hay ng vt tip xc mt b phn dn in h

trnn c in nguy him sc bo v bng mi trng tng tr cao

xung quanh i tng (v dtng hay nn cch in) v bng cch trnh

xa cc b phn dn ni t.

Provision whereby a person or an animal touching an exposed-conductive-

part that has become hazardous-live is protected by the high impedance

of his environment (e.g. insulating walls and floors) and by the

absence of earthed conductive parts.

Number of dangerous events due to flashes near a line NI --

S bin c nguy him do st nh gn mt ng dy

Strung bnh k vng hng nm ca nhng bin c do nhng tia st nh

gn mt ng dy.

Expected average annual number of dangerous events due to lightning

flashes near a line .


53/177

52

Number of dangerous events due to flashes near a structure NM --

S bin c nguy him do st nh gn mt cng trnh


gn mt cng trnh

Expected average annual number of dangerous events due to lightningflashes near a structure.

Number of dangerous events due to flashes to a line NL --

S bin c nguy him do st nh vo mt ng dy


vo mt ng dy.


flashes to a line .

Number of dangerous events due to flashes to a structure ND --

S bin c nguy him do st nh vo mt cng trnh

Strung bnh k vng hng nm ca cc bin c do nhng tia st nhvo

mt cng trnh.


flashes to a structure.

Number of dangerous events due to flashes to a telecommunication line NL

S bin c nguy him do st nh vo mt ng dy vin thng

Strung bnh k vng hng nm cc bin c nguy him do nhng tia st

nh vo mt dng dy dch v.


flashes to a service line.

Object to be protected --i tng cn bo v

Ta nh hay dch v cn c bo v chng nhng hiu ng ca st.

Structure or service to be protected against the effects of lightning.

Occupant and contents -- C dn v vt cha .


54/177

53

Ordinary person --Ngi bnh thng

Ngi khng phi l ngi c knng cng khng phi l ngi c hun

luyn.

Person who is neither a skilled person nor an instructed person.

Overhead earth wire, Overhead ground wire (US) -- Dy t treo

Dy dn ni t chnh ti mt s hay tt ccc ct ca mt ng dy

treo, n thng nhng khng nht thit c lp t pha trn cc dy

dn ca ng dy.

Conductor intentionally earthed at some or all supports of an overhead

line, which is generally but not necessarily installed above the line

conductors.

Parallel-earthing-conductor, Parallel-grounding-conductor (US) --

Dy dn t song song

Dy dn thng t dc theo tuyn cp cung cp mt kt ni tng tr

thp gia btr ni t 2 u ca tuyn cp.

Conductor usually laid along the cable route to provide a low impedance

connection between the earthing arrangements at the ends of the cable route.

Partial (conductor) continuity fault current --

Dng in sct dy ring phn

Dng in ti mt im cho trc ca mt mng do kt qu t mt s c

mt lin tc dy dn ti mt im khc trong cng mt mng.

Electric current at a given point of a network and resulting from a

conductor continuity fault at another point of the same network.

Partial short-circuit current -- Dng in ngn mch ring phn

Dng in ti mt im ca mt mng kt qu do mt ngn mch ti mt

im khc trong cng mt mng.

Electric current at a given point of a network resulting from a short-

circuit at another point of the same network.

Peak value I -- Gi trnh

Gi tr ti a ca dng in st.


55/177

54

The maximum value of lightning current.

PEL conductor -- Dy PEL

Dy dn kt hp c chc nng dy dn ni t bo vv dy pha.

Conductor combining the functions of both a protective earthing

conductor and a line conductor.

PEM conductor -- Dy PEM

Dy dn kt hp c chc nng dy dn ni t bo vv dy im gia.


conductor and a mid-point conductor.

PEN conductor -- Dy PEN

Dy dn kt hp c chc nng ca dy dn ni t bo vv dy dn trung

tnh.


conductor and a neutral conductor .

Perception-threshold-current --Ngng dng cm nhn c

Gi tr ti thiu ca dng in i qua c th mt ngi hay mt ng vt

gy ra mt cm gic no cho ngi hay ng vt .

Minimum value of electric current through the body of a person or

animal which causes any sensation for that person or animal.

Physical damage -- Thit hi vt cht

Thit hi i vi mt cng trnh (hay vt cha ca n) do nhng hiu ng

c, nhit, ha, hay n ca st.

Damage to a structure (or to its contents) due to mechanical, thermal,

chemical or explosive effects of lightning .

Physical restriction -- Hn ch li gn.


56/177

55

Point of strike (impact point) --im nh trng

im ni tia st nh trng mt t, hoc nhng i tng nh cao (v

d cng trnh, h thng chng st, ht dch v, cy ci,v.v).

GHI CH: Mt tia st c thc nhiu hn mt im nh trng.

Point where a lightning flash strikes the earth, or protruding structure(e.g. structure, LPS, service system, tree, etc.)

NOTE: A lightning flash may have more than one point of strike.

Porous limestone -- vi xp .

Porous sandstone -- Sa thch xp

Portable equipment -- Thit bdi ng (Thit bxch tay)

Thit bin c di chuyn trong khi ang vn hnh hay, n c thc

di chuyn t mt ni ny n ni khc trong khi ang ni vi ngun in.

Electrical equipment which is moved while in operation or which can

easily be moved from one place to another while connected to the supply.

Potential gradient -- Gradient in th

Hiu sin th mi n v chiu di o ti im theo chiu n c

gi tr ln nht.

Potential difference per unit length measured at that point in the

direction in which it is a maximum.

Power line --ng ngun

ng dy phn phi cp in nng vo mt cng trnh cp nng cho

thit bin v in tt , nh l nhng ngun chnh h th (HT)

hay trung th (TT).

Distribution line feeding electrical energy into a structure to power

electrical and electronic equipment located there, such as low voltage

(LV) or high voltage (HV) electric mains .


57/177

56

(Power) system earthing, (Power) system grounding (US) --

Ni t h thng

Ni t chc nng v ni t bo v ca mt im hay nhiu im trong

mt h thng ngun in.

Functional earthing and protective earthing of a point or points in anelectric power system.

Primary failure -- H hng chnh

Thit hi gy nn bi mt tia st nh trng mt ng dy vin thng

gy hu qugin on dch vu.

Damage caused by a lightning strike in a telecommunication line that has

as consequence the interruption of service.

Probability of damage PX -- Xc sut thit hi

Xc sut m mt bin c nguy him sgy nn thit hi cho mt cng

trnh cn bo v

Probability that a dangerous event will cause damage to or in the

structure to be protected.

Prospective touch voltage --in p tip xc k vng

in p gia nhng b phn dn in tip xc ng thi vi nhau khi

nhng phn dn in ny khng b tip xc bi mt ngi hoc mt vt.

Voltage between simultaneously accessible conductive parts when those

conductive parts are not being touched by a person or an animal.

>

Protection against electric shock -- Bo v chng in git

Dphng cc bin php gim ri ro in git.


58/177

57

Provision of measures reducing the risk of electric shock.

Protection earth, Protective grounding (US) -- Ni t bo v

Ni t mt hay nhiu im trong mt h thng, mt lp t, hay mt

thit b, v mc ch an ton in.

Earthing a point or points in a system or in an installation or in

equipment, for purposes of electrical safety.

Protection efficiency of external lightning protection system --

Hiu qu bo v ca h thng chng st bn ngoi

Hiu qu bo v ca h thng chng st nh trc tip c th hin bng

t l gia s ln st nh hng nm khng gy h hng cho cng trnh vtng s ln st nh vo cng trnh.

Protection efficiency of an external lightning protection system is

represented by the ratio of the annual lightning events number not

causing failures to the structure and the total annual lightning events

number to the structure.

Protection factor (damage correction factor) Kd-

H s bo v (h s hiu chnh thit hi)

H stnh n hiu qu ca nhng bin php bo v, n cho php nh gi

thp tn sut thit hi.

Factor taking into account the effect of protection measures,

which allows a conservative evaluation of the frequency of damage.

Protection measures -- Bin php bo v

Nhng bin php c p dng trong mt cng trnh cn bo v, nhm gim

cc ri ro.

Measures to be adopted in the structure to be protected, in order to

reduce the risk.

Protection multiple earthing (PME) -- Ni t bo va im

Btr ni t trong nhng h thng TN-C-S, trong dy trung tnhngun c dng kt ni tdy dn t ca h thng lp t vt.


59/177

58

Earthing arrangement found in TN-C-S systems, in which the supply

neutral conductor is used to connect the earthing conductor of an

installation with earth.

>.

>.

Protective conductor -- Dy bo v

Dy dn yu cu cho mt s bin php bo v chng in git bng cch

kt ni vin vi nhau bt k nhng b phn no sau y:

B phn dn in h;

B phn dn in ngoi lai;

Cc ni t chnh;

in cc t;

im ni t ca ngun in, hay mt trung tnh nhn to.

A conductor required by some measures for protection against electricshock by connecting electrically together any of the following parts:

Exposed-conductive-parts;

Extraneous-conductive-parts;

Main earthing terminal;

Earth electrode(s);

Earthed point of the source, or an artificial neutral.

Protective-equipotential-bonding -- Lin kt ng th bo v

Lin kt ng th nhm mc ch bo v.

Equipotential bonding for the purposes of safety.

Public power --in li

Ngun in h th, nhn t mng in cng cng ca a phng.

Low voltage power supply, from the local public power network.


60/177

59

Pure economic loss -- Tn tht thun kinh t .

Quality factor of a metal-sheathed cable --

H s phm cht ca cp c v kim loi

T sin p xung cho php ln nht i vi cht cch in gia cc si

li cp v v kim loi ca n vi trkhng truyn t ca v. T sny

c biu din bng Ka.km.

Ratio of the maximum impulse voltage withstand for the insulation

between cable conductors and its sheath, to its transfer impedance. This

ratio is represented by Ka.km.

Quartzite -- Thch anh

Radio communication system -- H thng thng tin v tuyn

H thng thng tin dng phng tin truyn dn l sng v tuyn in.

Communication system using the radio waves as transmission means.

Radio Wave (RW) -- Sng v tuyn in

Sng in t truyn trong khng gian c quy nh c tn s nhhn

3000 GHz.

Electromagnetic wave propagated in space with specified frequency less

than 3000GHz.

Rated impulse withstand voltage level UW --

Mc in p khng xung nh mc

in p khng xung ca thit b hay mt b phn ca n, c cho bi nh

sn xut, c trng khnng chu ng qu p chnh cho cch in ca

n.

Impulse withstand voltage assigned by the manufacturer to the equipment

or to a part of it, characterizing the specified withstand capability of

its insulation against (transient) overvoltages.


61/177

60

Rated residual operating current In -- D

Date post:	05-Apr-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	uyvukd3
View:	220 times
Download:	0 times

ZZZZThuat Ngu Chong Set AV VA

Documents