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近代中國西南邊地研究述略 187 <abstract>
An Overview of Southwest Border Area Study of
Modern China
CHEN Boyi
45) 1
As China was suffering much internal and external pressure in the late nineteenth
century, certain political factors affected scholarship further, especially in areas
pertaining to the ideas of statecraft and border control. Distinguished late-Qing
scholar Wang Guowei concluded that, “after the Daoguang (1820-1850) and Xianfeng
(1851-1861) reigns…the historians expand their historical geographical studies to
frontiers.” It was absolutely true, and this conclusion pertinently described de facto
rising of border studies. Under the dual pressure of “saving the nation” and
“enlightening the people,” an urgent political situation promoted an expansion of
border studies, not only limited to the previous northwestern historical and
geographical studies, with which scholars had previously engaged. Furthermore, the
new-style historical geography studies, which inherited the legacies from both the
Western academic method and the Chinese “evidential scholarship” (puxue樸學)
tradition, also established the basis of Southwest Studies. The British and French who
focused much more on their political and economic gain in Southwest China were
also enthusiastic about the regional research. They produced a number of
investigations, which have not yet been investigated. With increasing pressure from
the British and French colonial powers, the Chinese paid a knee-jerk reaction to the
border areas, including the realms of frontier, railway, national defense, and so on.
Officials and scholars both discussed and wrote more on these issues. By WWII, the
Southwest had become the last defensible area for the Chinese; naturally this attracted
the whole country. The studies during that period related to the resistance of the
Japanese invasion and the war strategies, aiming to reveal the spirit of China and
45) Department of History, Peking University
188 아시아연구 10(2010. 8)
Chinese people. Chinese scholars also enjoyed great success in Southwest
anthropological fieldworks against the backdrop, while archeology studies also
achieved a higher status. In the People’s Republic of China era, scholars began to
focus more on the topics of borders and ethnic groups, which indicate the historical
and practical concerns within the national and ethnical consciousness. The full
practice of ethnology and anthropology lead to a deeper study after 1980s, which
merged as a pattern of historical anthropology study. This type of study contains the
analyses of border, ethnicity, identity, and the interaction between the state and the
local society. I seek to present an overview of Southwest Studies and show the
characteristics of different researches in these turbulent periods, hoping others could
benefit from this introduction afterward.
Key words: Southwest Study, Frontier, Regional Study
원원원원 : 2010.03.31 심심심심 : 2010.07.20 게게게게 : 2010.08.06
