ADJECTIVES

WHAT? КАКОЙ?

redgood

interestingcol

d

long

Не изменяются ни по родам,

ни по числам, ни по падежам

a young man

a young woman

young people

Изменяются только по степеням сравнения

Adjectives

Simple(простые)

Derivative(производн

ые)

Compound(сложные)

Simple adjectives

No prefixes & suffixes

bigred

blacksho

rt

They have prefixes or suffixes or both of

them.

Derivativeadjectives

natural unnatu

ral

incorrect

Formed by connection of two words in one

Compoundadjectives

Dark-blue

Cold-heartedSnow-white

Comparative(сравнительна

я)

Degrees of comparison

Superlative(превосходная

)

Positive(положительна

я)

Adjective form Comparativeсравнительная

Superlativeпревосходная

Only one syllable, ending in EОдин слог, заканчивается на EExamples: wide, fine, cute

Add –rДобавляем –rwider, finer, cuter

Add –stДобавляем –stthe widest, the finest, the cutest

Only one syllable, with one vowel and one consonant at the end.Один слог с одной гласной и одной согласной в конце.Examples: hot, big, fat

Double the consonant, and add –erУдваиваем согласную +erhotter, bigger, fatter

Double the consonant, and add –estУдваиваем согласную +estthe hottest, the biggest, the fattest

Only one syllable, with more than one vowel or more than one consonant at the end.Один слог, более одной гласной или одной согласнойExamples: light, neat, fast

Add –erДобавляем -erlighter, neater, faster

Add –estДобавляем -estthe lightest, the neatest, the fastest

Adjective form Comparativeсравнительная

Superlativeпревосходная

Two syllables, ending in Y.Два слога, заканчивается на Y.Examples: happy, silly, lonely

Change y to i, then add –ery → i+ -erhappier, sillier, lonelier

Change y to i, then add –esty → i+ -estthe happiest, the silliest, the loneliest

Two syllables or more, not ending in Y.Два или более слогов.Examples: modern, interesting, beautiful

Use “more” before the adjectiveИспользуем “more”more modern, more interesting,more beautiful

Use “most” before the adjectiveИспользуем “most”the most modern, the most interesting,the most beautiful

Exceptionsgoodхороший

betterлучше

(the) bestсамый хороший, лучше всех

badплохой

worseхуже

(the) worstсамый плохой, хуже всех

little маленький 

lessменьше

(the) leastсамый маленький, меньше всех

farдалёкий

1.fartherболее отдалённый, более далекий (по расстоянию)

1.(the) farthestсамый далекий

2. furtherдальнейший, последующий (по порядку), добавочный

2. (the) furthestсамый отдаленный, самый далекий

nearблизкий

nearerболее близкий

1. (the) nearestблизкий ближайший (по расстоянию)2. (the) nextбудущий, следующий (по порядку)

oldстарый

1. olderболее старый

1. (the) oldestсамый старый, старший

2. elderстарше

2. (the) eldestсамый старший

lateпоздний

1. laterболее поздний (по времени)

1. (the) latestсамый поздний, последний

2. latter(по порядку)

2. (the) lastсамый последний (по порядку); прошлый

• She is older than my sister.

• My elder brother graduated from Moscow University. 

• The nearest house is the library.

• The next lesson is English. 

common commoner / more common

the commonest / the most common

likely likelier / more likely

the likeliest / the most likely

pleasant pleasanter / more pleasant

the pleasantest / the most pleasant

polite politer / more polite

the politest / the most polite

simple simpler / more simple

the simplest /the most simple

stupid stupider / more stupid

the stupidest / the most stupid

subtle subtler / more subtle

the subtlest

sure surer / more sure the surest / the most sure

Comparatives are used to compare two things. You can use sentences with “than”, “but”, ”as…as”, “ less”

Jack is taller than Julia. Julia is tall, but Jack is taller.

UsageComparativ

es:

Superlatives are used to compare more than two things. Superlative sentences usually use “the”, because there is only one superlative.

Masami is the tallest in the class. Julia is tall, and Jack is taller, but Masami is the tallest.

Superlatives:

In English, it is common to use more than one adjective before a noun -- for example, "He's a silly young fool," or "she's a smart, energetic woman." When you use more than one adjective, you have to put them in the right order, according to type. 

1) Opinionотношение

2) Sizeразмер

5) Colourцвет

3) Ageвозраст

4) Shapeформа

6) Originпроисхождение

7) Materialматериал

8) Purposeцель

Opinion

An opinion adjective explains what you think about something (other people may not agree with you). Examples: silly, beautiful, horrible, difficult

Size A size adjective, of course, tells you how big or small something is. Examples: large, tiny, enormous, little

Age An age adjective tells you how young or old something or someone is. Examples: ancient, new, young, old

Shape A shape adjective describes the shape of something. Examples:square, round, flat, rectangular

Colour A colour adjective, of course, describes the colour of something. Examples: blue, pink, reddish, grey

Origin An origin adjective describes where something comes from. Examples: French, lunar, American, eastern, Greek

Material

A material adjective describes what something is made from. Examples: wooden, metal, cotton, paper

Purpose

A purpose adjective describes what something is used for. These adjectives often end with "-ing". Examples:sleeping (as in "sleeping bag"), roasting (as in "roasting tin")

The basic types of adjectives

Opinion

Size Age Shape Colo

urOrigin

Material

Purpose

a silly young

English man

a huge round metal bow

l

a small red sleep

ing bag