The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 An Act to provide for the protection and improvement of environment
and the prevention of hazards to human beings, other living creatures,
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Legal Requirement Compliance/Application
plants and property
The Air (Prevention & Control of
Pollution) Act,1981
An Act to provide for the prevention, control and abatement of air
pollution, relates to the issue of the Consent to Establish (CTE) and
Consent to Operate (CTO)
The Water (Prevention & Control of
Pollution) Act, 1974
An Act to provide for the prevention and control of water pollution,
relates to the issue relates to the issue of the Consent to Establish
(CTE) and Consent to Operate (CTO) for the water requirement for the
day to day project operations and daily unit wise waste generation
Forest (Conservation) Act 1980, Forest
Conservation Rules, 1981
Conservation and protection of forests areas and applicable policy for
diversion of forest areas for non- forest purpose/activities.
Environmental Impact Assessment
Notification, 2006 (As amended)
Activities attracting prior environmental clearance from either state or
central authorities and its procedure is defined.
Coastal Regulation Zone Notification,
2011
An act to empower the State and the GoI authorities to take measures
for protection of the coastal environment and preventing, abating and
controlling environmental pollution in the coastal areas
The Noise Pollution (Control & Regulation
) Rules, 2000, amendment rules, 2010
Control of noise pollution
Solid Waste Management Rule,2016 (as
amended)
Solid waste generation and management
Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and
Resettlement Act, 2013
For land acquisition and R&R applicable for the project development
E-Waste Management Rule,
2016,amended 2018
Waste electrical and electronic equipment, whole or in part or rejects
from their manufacturing and repair process, which are intended to
be discarded
The Construction and Demolition (C&D)
Waste Management Rules, 2016
Handling the materials as per the provisions of the storage and
disposal of the Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste
Management Rules
Hazardous waste management rules,
2016
To ensure safe handling, generation, processing, treatment, package,
storage, transportation, use reprocessing, collection, conversion, and
offering for sale, destruction and disposal of Hazardous Waste
The Manufacture, Storage and Import of
Hazardous Chemical (Amendment) Rules,
2000
Prevention of accidents and major damages due to handling of
hazardous materials
1.4 PORT SITE
Proposed site for port development is located at Bhavanapadu village, located at latitude of 18°35’ N;
longitude of 84°26'E, Santhabommali mandal, Srikakulam district, Andhra Pradesh. The port location is
about 85 nautical miles of north east of Visakhapatnam Port. Location map is shown in Figure 1.2. Port
location is shown in Figure 1.3 and Port site photographs is given in Figure 1.4.
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Figure 1.2 : Location Map
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Figure 1.3: Port Layout map
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Open land with seasonal flora Open land with scrub vegetation
Figure 1.4: Port Site Photographs
Land area of 1010 acres (408.7 ha) with a waterfront of 10.3 km is allotted by GoAP for development of
Bhavanapadu port. Land comprises of scattered trees of cashew, casuarina, palm trees , coastal sand,
salt pans and open scrub areas. The port site is sloped towards Bay of Bengal and elevation varies from
2.0 m to 22.0 m.
CONNECTIVITY
The National Highway No. 16 (Chennai-Kolkata) is at a distance of about 14km to the proposed
Bhavanapadu port. The nearest railway station to the proposed port location is Naupada Junction (East
Coast Railway) on Chennai- Howrah BG main line at about 7 km from Bhavanapadu. Naupada junction is
177km from Visakhapatnam and 231km from Bhubaneswar. Dedicated road/rail corridor is proposed
from the proposed port site. Out of 1010 acres, an area of ~184 acres is required for external road/rail
connectivity.
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Figure 1.5: Road and Rail Connectivity Map (a)
Figure 1.6: Road and Rail Connectivity Map (b)
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1.5 NEED FOR BHAVANPADU PORT DEVELOPMENT
INDIAN PORT INDUSTRY
The Indian ports and shipping industry plays a crucial role in sustaining growth in the country's trade and
commerce and stands at 16th spot among the maritime countries. India has a long coastline of about
7,517 kilometres (km) with 13 major ports and 187 non-major ports currently operating on the western
and eastern coasts of the country. Major Indian ports handled 581.3 million metric tonnes (MMT) of
cargo in the financial year 2014-15, while non-major ports handled 471.2 MMT of cargo. Since ports
handle almost 95 per cent of trade volumes in India, the rising trade has contributed significantly to the
country’s cargo traffic. Indian government is planning to increase cargo capacity to 2,493.1 MMT by
2017 for supporting the growing demand. Similarly, the government will also increase cargo traffic at
major ports and non-major ports to 943.1 MMT and 815.2 MMT by FY17 respectively 2017 for
supporting the growing demand. Similarly, the government will also increase cargo traffic at major ports
and non-major ports to 943.1 MMT and 815.2 MMT by FY17 respectively.
Source: DPR
Based on the traffic handled at Indian major and non-major ports from 2001-02 to 2018-19, it can be
seen that the traffic growth of non-major ports is steady increasing over the last 19 years from 96.27 to
581.22 million tons with average growth rate of 6.7%. The percentage share of non-major ports in traffic
in over all traffic handled at Indian ports is also steadily increasing from 25.08% in 2001-02 to 45.4% in
2018-19.
PORTS IN ANDHRA PRADESH
Large ports are namely the Visakhapatnam Port, Gangavaram Port, Krishnapatnam port and Kakinada
Deep Water Port. Visakhapatnam Port is India’s largest cargo handling port with handling capacity of 65
Million Metric Tonnes Per Annum (MMTPA). Gangavaram Port is India’s deepest port with 21 m draft
and automated handling. Its present capacity is 35 MMTPA and ultimate capacity is 200 MMTPA.
Kakinada Deep Water Port has four berths with 12 MMTPA handling capacity having 13 metres draft.
Krishnapatnam port with a deep draft of 21 m is bulk handling port with ultra-modern cargo handling
facilities.
Among all states in India, Gujarat state occupies the top slot of 399 million tons handled in 2018-19
followed by Andhra Pradesh with 103.333 million tons, but the gap is huge. The percentage share of
Gujarat ports in cargo handling is more than 68% whereas the next highest share of Andhra Pradesh is
only 17.8 %. The east coast ports in Tamil Nadu handles the cargo of 0.963 million tons and Odisha ports
handles 22.186 million tons.
Due to development of coastal shipping for movement of bulk cargo, higher coastal shipment of coal by
100 million tonne per annum (MTPA) and higher coastal shipment of other commodities (cement, steel,
fertiliser, food grains, POL) by 50 MTPA" alone could result in savings to the tune of Rs 11,500 crore by
2025, according to Sagarmala project. Building of new coastal capacities for 120 MTPA steel and cement
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in southern Gujarat, Central Andhra Pradesh, northern Karnataka, Odisha and northern Andhra Pradesh
would result in savings of another Rs 8,500 crore.
Source: DPR
BHAVANAPADU PORT SCENARIO
The competitive ports for Bhavanapadu are Visakhapatnam and Gangavaram on the south along Andhra
Pradesh coastline and Gopalpur and Paradip on the north along Odisha coastline. Potential cargo
competition from Paradip port can be for the cargo generated through Central Chhattisgarh region and
Central Odisha. These areas do not fall in any mineral rich cluster of the states. The upcoming power
plants, graphite and alumina deposits can act as cargo demand centers for Bhavanapadu port.
Vishakhapatnam bound cargo emanating from Northern Odisha mines can be captured by upcoming
Gopalpur port and newly proposed Bhavanapadu. Further, the possibility diversion of cargo from
Southern Odisha and South Chhattisgarh is more to Bhavanapadu port because of its proximity, when
compared to Vishakhapatnam port. The containerization level of the hinterland is lower than the
country average. And the ports on the east coast do have capacity problems. For Bhavanapadu there are
great opportunities in this market. Due to economic growth break bulk has an increasing market and
gives opportunities to Bhavanapadu. Iron ore and fertilizer are industries which show a growth in the
whole area. The direct hinterland of Bhavanapadu has several producers and customers for these
products. Alumina and other minerals are expecting to have a large growth, and are closer to the
Bhavanapadu port then the existing ports; this also means a good opportunity for Bhavanapadu
The classification of districts near Bhavanapadu into primary, secondary and tertiary hinterland is done
as per the logistical advantages offered by Bhavanapadu port as well as the proximity with other
competing ports in the region.
The primary hinterland of Bhavanapadu covers Vizianagaram District and Srikakulam District in Andhra
Pradesh. The primary hinterland has a low population density and little industrial activity. The secondary
hinterland covers Chattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh and Southern Odisha sharing boarder with
Andhra Pradesh and located in close proximity with Bhavanapadu. The primary and secondary
hinterlands of Bhavanapadu port are shown in Figure 1.7.
The tertiary hinterland covers all the neighbouring states, as well as northern states. The secondary and
the distant hinterland is relative large because of the good hinterland connections. The existing ports
along east coast and the existing ports along Andhra coast in close proximity to each other difficult to
demarcation of the hinterland of each port and overlapping is inevitable to some extent. Hence,
competition among the ports is inescapable.
Bhavanapadu is situated close to the major port of Visakhapatnam. Geographically, Bhavanapadu is
located in an advantage position close to the border stages of Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and
Madhya Pradesh States. Hence, the traffic from the close proximity States of Chhattisgarh, Odisha,
Jharkhand and Madhya Pradesh may also be attracted to Bhavanapadu. Paradip Port is located in Odisha
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but because of the congested traffic the Proposed Port may be opted. However, attraction of the cargo
also depends upon the efficiency of the port operations, infrastructure facilities available at the ports.
Thus, development of Bhavanapadu Port is justifiable in terms cargo handling advantages.
Figure 1.7: Bhavanapadu Port Hinterland
1.6 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT DEVELOPMENT
Greenfield multipurpose port of Bhavanapadu I planned in multiple phases and Phase I development
plan is given in Table 1.3.
Table 1.3: Proposed Bhavanapadu Port Phase I Development S. No. Item Description
1. Port Location The proposed Greenfield port land falls under villages of Mulapeta, Rajapuram, Kothalingudu of Santhabommali Mandal, District Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh.
2. Land area for development
1010 acres (Port Development – 825.08 acres and External Connectivity – 184.92 acres)
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S. No. Item Description
3. Cargo Handling capacity ~23.53 MTPA for Phase I 83.3 MTPA for Phase II
4. Cargo type Iron ore, coal, lime stone, container cargo, edible oil, general cargo such as mineral sand, iron and steel products, fertilizers, granite, ferro products, jute products and food products such as soya and cashew.
5. Capital Dredging 14 million cu.m
6. Maintenance Dredging 2 million cu.m
7. Cargo berths Four berths; Three General Cargo berths and One Coal Handling berth
8. Breakwaters 2855m long South Breakwater 580m long North Breakwater
9. Approach channel Length 2200 m; width 225m; 19.2 m depth below CD
10. Turning Circle Diameter 575m; 18.4 m depth below CD
11. Cargo storage Stockyards will be developed - Total Storage area is 157.77 acres in Phase I
12. Project Cost Project Cost for Phase I - INR 3091.90 Crores
13. Employment Generation ~10,000 in terms of Direct and Indirect
1.7 EIA STUDY
In order to obtain prior Environmental Clearance from statutory authorities for proposed construction of
the Bhavanapadu port, Form 1 and ToR application was submitted to MoEF&CC and ToR was accorded
vide F.No. 10-56/2020-IA.III [Proposal No. IA/AP/MIS/173542/2020] dated September 01, 2021 and
enclosed as Annexure 1.1. The EIA study has been carried out as per approved Terms of Reference (ToR)
obtained from MoEF&CC.
1.8 TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) COMPLIANCE
The compliance to ToR is given in Table 1.4.
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Table 1.4: Compliance of ToR S.
No. TOR Point Compliance
Specific TOR
1 Forest Clearance shall be obtained for accessing the RoW APMB will obtain forest clearance from the state , the area is less than 5 ha (Status of FC)
2 The ecologically fragile area including CRZ 1A area etc. shall be demarcated and superimposed on the layout plan and submitted with a copy of layout superimposed on the HTL/LTL map demarcated on 1:4000 scales prepared by an authorized agency as per CRZ Notification (2011)
Draft Maps is provided in the report and final Maps has been provide after ground truthing
3 Risk analysis and its management plan for handling different types of liquid cargos (if handling)
shall be conducted and submitted
Detailed in Chapter-7 (Section 7.2)
Handling different types of cargos detailed in chapter 2.
4 Detailed modelling studies to understand whether the selected site can withstand severe cyclones
and develop design in accordance to due safety measures.
Detailed in Chapter-2
5 Erosion and accretion study at the mouth of the creek which is adjacent to the proposed site be
carried out and submitted.
Will be submitted at the time of finalizing the report
6 Comprehensive study on the sea level rise (based on the recent Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change (IPCC) predictions), its impact on coast and coastal erosion and port viability should
be done.
Will be complied
7 Importance and benefits of the project Detailed in Chapter-8
8 Submit a copy of layout superimposed on the HTL/LTL map demarcated by an authorized agency
on 1:4000 scales
Will be provided at the time of finalizing the report
9 Recommendation of the AP CZMA shall be obtained and submitted Awaiter from SCZMA
10 Submit superimposing of latest CZMP as per CRZ Notification (2011) on the CRZ map. Will be provided at the time of finalizing the report
11 Submit a complete set of documents required as per para 4.2 (i) of CRZ Page 7 of 13 Notification,
2011
Will be complied
12 Hydrodynamics study on impact of dredging on flow characteristics shall be carried out. Detaled in Chapter 4 (4.3.2) 13 A detailed study on the impact of proposed activity on marine ecology and marine biodiversity with
specific focus on the corals, mangroves and Mud flats in the proximity of the site should be
conducted and required mitigation plan be submitted.
Detailed in Chapter 4
14 A management plan for the area under which mangroves are or likely to be removed and
compensatory mangrove plantation plan be submitted
Detailed in Chapter 10 (Section 10.3)
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S. No.
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15 Requirement of water, power, with source of supply, status of approval, water balance diagram,
man-power requirement (regular and contract).
Detailed in Chapter-2
16 A certificate from the local body supplying water, specifying the total annual water availability with
the local authority, the quantity of water already committed the quantity of water allotted to the
project under consideration and the balance water available. This hould be specified separately for
ground water and surface water sources, ensuring that there is no impact on other users.
Detailed in Chapter 10
17 A certificate of adequacy of available power from the agency supplying power to the project along with the load allowed for the project.
Will be inclosed
18 A certificate from the competent authority handling municipal solid wastes, indicating the existing
civic capacities of handling and their adequacy to cater to the M.S.W. generated from project.
Will be inclosed
19 An assessment of the cumulative impact of all development and increased inhabitation being
carried out or proposed to be carried out by the project or other agencies in the core area, shall be
made for traffic densities and parking capabilities in a 05 kms radius from the site. A detailed traffic
management and a traffic decongestion plan drawn up through an organization of repute and
specializing in Transport Planning shall be submitted with the EIA.
Detailed in Chapter 4
20 A comprehensive plan for disaster management and mitigation be developed taking in to account
the products, processes and hazardous waste management and disposal if any. The plan should
also include financial provisions for the same and integrate these within EIA/EMP.
Detailed in Chapter-7 (Section 7.2)
21 Details and status of court case pending against the project, if any. Not applicable
22. Public hearing to be conducted and issues raised and commitments made by the project proponent
on the same should be included in EIA/EMP Report in the form of tabular chart with financial
budget for complying with the commitments made.
Has been complied
23. A tabular chart with index for point-wise compliance of above ToRs. The specific ToRs as
recommended above are in addition to all the relevant information as per the ‘Generic Structure of
EIA’ given in Appendix III and IIIA in the EIA Notification, 2006.
Page No: 13-18
24. As per the Ministry’s Office Memorandum F. No. 22-65/2017-IA.III dated 30th September, 2020,
the project proponent, based on the commitments made during Page 8 of 13 the public hearing,
specific studies as stated in paras (xiv) and (xv) shall include all the activities required to be taken to
fulfill these commitments in the Environment Management Plan along with cost estimates of these
activities, in addition to the activities proposed as per recommendations of EIA Studies and the
Has been complied
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S. No.
TOR Point Compliance
same shall be submitted to the ministry as part of the EIA Report. The EMP shall be implemented
at the project cost or any other funding source available with the project proponent.
25 In pursuance of Ministry's OM No. stated above, the project proponent shall add one annexure in
the EIA Report indicating all the commitments made by the PP to the public during public hearing
and submit it to the Ministry and the EAC.
Has been complied
Standard TOR
1 Reasons for selecting the site with details of alternate sites examined/rejected/selected on merit
with comparative statement and reason/basis for selection. The examination should justify site
suitability in terms of environmental angle, resources sustainability associated with selected site as
compared to rejected sites. The analysis should include parameters considered along with
weightage criteria for short-listing selected site.
Detailed in Chapter-5
2 Details of the land use break-up for the proposed project. Details of land use around 10 km radius
of the project site. Examine and submit detail of land use around 10 km radius of the project site
and map of the project area and 10 km area from boundary of the proposed/existing project area,
delineating project areas notified under the wild life (Protection) Act, 1972/critically polluted areas
as identified by the CPCB from time to time/notified eco-sensitive areas/interstate boundaries and
international boundaries. Analysis should be made based on latest satellite imagery for land use
with raw images.
Detailed in Chapter-2 and 3.3.6 of chapter 3
3 Submit the present land use and permission required for any conversion such as forest, agriculture
etc. land acquisition status, rehabilitation of communities/ villages and present status of such
activities.
Has been complied chapter 4 section 4.3.1
4 Examine and submit the water bodies including the seasonal ones within the corridor of impacts
along with their status, volumetric capacity, and quality likely impacts on them due to the project.
Has been complied in Chapter-4
5 Submit a copy of the contour plan with slopes, drainage pattern of the site and surrounding area. Chapter-2 (Section 2..4.1)
6 Submit the details of terrain, level with respect to MSL, filling required, source of filling materials
and transportation details etc.
Chapter 3 (Section 3.3)
7 Examine road/rail connectivity to the project site and impact on the existing traffic network due to
the proposed project/activities. A detailed traffic and transportation study should be made for
existing and projected passenger and cargo traffic.
Detailed in Chapter-2 (Section 2.7)
8 Submit details regarding R&R involved in the project Detailed in Chapter-7
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S. No.
TOR Point Compliance
9 Submit a copy of layout superimposed on the HTL/LTL map demarcated by an authorized agency
on 1:4000 scales along with the recommendation of the SCZMA.
Will be provided at the time of finalization the report
10 Submit the status of shore line change at the project site Will be provided at the time of finalization the report
11 Details of the layout plan including details of channel, breakwaters, dredging, disposal and
reclamation.
Has been complied in chapter 2 section (2.6.)
12 Details of handling of each cargo, storage, transport along with spillage control, dust preventive
measures. In case of coal, mineral cargo, details of storage and closed conveyance, dust
suppression and prevention filters.
Detailed in Chapter-2 (section 2.2.1)
13 Submit the details of fishing activity and likely impacts on the fishing activity due to the project.
Specific study on effects of construction activity and pile driving on marine life.
Will be provided at the time of finalizing the report
14 Details of oil spill contingency plan. Will be provided at the time of finalizing the report
15 Details of bathymetry study. Detailed in Chapter-2 (Section 2.4.1)
16 Details of ship tranquility study. Will be provided at the time of finalizing the report
17 Examine the details of water requirement, impact on competitive user, treatment details, use of
treated waste water. Prepare a water balance chart.
Deatiled in Chapter-2
18 Details of rainwater harvesting and utilization of rain water. Has been complied in the report
19 Examine details of Solid waste generation treatment and its disposal. Detailed in Chapter-2 (Section 2.8.6)
20 Details of desalination plant and the study for outfall and intake. Not Applicable
21 Examine baseline environmental quality along with projected incremental load due to the
proposed project/activities.
Detailed in Chapter-3
22 The air quality monitoring should be carried out according to the notification issued on 16th
November, 2009.
Detailed in Chapter-3
23 Examine separately the details for construction and operation phases both for Environmental
Management Plan and Environmental Monitoring Plan with cost and parameters.
Has been complied in chapter 6 and 10
24 Submit details of a comprehensive Risk Assessment and Disaster Management Plan including
emergency evacuation during natural and man-made disasters
Detailed in Chapter-7
25 Submit details of the trees to be cut including their species and whether it also involves any
protected or endangered species. Measures taken to reduce the number of the trees to be
removed should be explained in detail. Submit the details of compensatory plantation. Explore the
Detailed in Chapter-10 (Section 10.2 and Section 10.3)
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S. No.
TOR Point Compliance
possibilities of relocating the existing trees.
26 Examine the details of afforestation measures indicating land and financial outlay. Landscape plan,
green belts and open spaces may be described. A thick green belt should be planned all around the
nearest settlement to mitigate noise and vibrations. The identification of species/ plants should be
made based on the botanical studies.
Detailed in Chapter-10
27 The Public Hearing should be conducted for the project in accordance with provisions of
Environmental Impact Assessment Notification, 2006 and the issues raised by the public should be
addressed in the Environmental Management Plan. The Public Hearing should be conducted based
on the TOR letter issued by the Ministry and not on the basis of Minutes of the Meeting available
on the web-site.
Will be provided at the time of finalizing the report
28 A detailed draft EIA/EMP report should be prepared in accordance with the above additional TOR
and should be submitted to the Ministry in accordance with the Notification.
Has been complied in the report
29 Details of litigation pending against the project, if any, with direction /order passed by any Court of
Law against the Project should be given.
Not applicable
30 The cost of the Project (capital cost and recurring cost) as well as the cost towards implementation
of EMP should be clearly spelt out.
Deatiled in Chappter-10 (Section 10.6.2)
General Conditions
1 Certified Compliance Report issued by the MoEF&CC, Regional Office or concerned Regional office
of Central Pollution Control Board or the Member Secretary of the respective State Pollution
Control Board for the project along with an action taken report on issues which have been stated
to be partially complied or non/not complied.
Will be complied
2 The project proponent shall satisfactorily address to all the complaints/suggestions that have been
received against the project till the date of submission of proposals for Appraisal. Will be complied
3 Details of Emissions, effluents, solid waste and hazardous waste generation and their management
in the existing and proposed facilities.
Has been complied in chapter 4 (section 4.4.7)
4 The existing project should avail of and submit consent to operate from the state pollution Control
Board. Will be complied
5 Wastewater Management Plan shall be prepared and submitted Has been complied in chapter 10 (Section 10.1.10)
6 Details of Environmental Monitoring Plan shall be submitted Will be complied
7 To prepare a detailed biodiversity impact assessment report and management plan through the Has been complied in chapter 3 and 4
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S. No.
TOR Point Compliance
NIO or any other institute of repute on marine, brackish water and fresh water ecology and
biodiversity. The report shall study the impact on the rivers, estuary and the sea and include the
D Roads/Truck parking/ Railways Line /weigh bridges/ Yard etc. 60.60 24.52
E Car parking at various buildings 10.10 4.08
F Roads and Utilities (Water Supply, Drainage, Sewer, Power Supply, Power Station, Maintenance Buildings, Security Complexes, Fire Station, Gate House, Conveyor, Pipelines etc.,)
60.60 24.52
G Berth backup area 20.00 8.09
H Land required for construction of transit sheds 40.40 16.34
I Parks/Open Space 80.63 32.63
J For future expansion 60.60 24.52
K Greenbelt Area 200.00 80.94
Sub-total 825.845 334.16
L Area for external infrastructure (Road and rail connectivity to port; Rail@ 15m RoW and Road @ 45m RoW)
184.0 74.5
Total 1010 408.7
2.3 PORT TRAFFIC
The detailed traffic projections have been made under two scenarios i.e., (i) Likely scenario, (ii)
Optimistic (High) scenario for Phase I development of Bhavanapadu Port and given in Table 2.2
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Table 2.2: Traffic Projections for Bhavanapadu port
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RESULT INTERPRETATION
The soil samples were taken from 30cm, 60cm and 90cm depth from all the locations. The Interpretation
of Soil Characteristic has been dwelled in following sub-sections for three seasons:
Soil pH: Soil pH is an important soil property, which affects the availability of several plant nutrients. It
is a measure of acidity and alkalinity and reflects the status of base saturation. It measures the -ve
logarithm of hydrogen ions activity of soil solution and defines the soil acidity and alkanity.
The soil pH ranges from 5.4 to 6.1 from 30cm, 5.4 to 5.9 from 60cm, 5.4 to 5.7 from 90cm in
Post Monsoon season thereby indicating the soils is strongly acidic or moderately acidic.
The soil pH ranges from 5.9 to 6.3 from 30cm, 5.74 to 6.21 from 60cm and 5.3 to 6 90cm in Pre-
Monsoon season thereby indicating the soils is strongly acidic or slightly acidic.
The soil pH ranges from 5.36 to 6.08 30cm, 5.4 to 5.9 60cm , 5.21 to 5.84 90cm in Monsoon
season thereby indicating the soils are slightly acidic to strongly acidic.
Soil Texture: The soil texture of the study area are sandy to silty loam and clayey loam in nature
Organic Matter: The effect of soil organic matter on soil properties is well recognized. Soil organic
matter plays a vital role in supplying plant nutrients, cation exchange capacity, improving soil
aggregation and hence water retention and soil biological activity.
The organic carbon content of soil varied from 1.03 % to 1.2 % from 30cm depth 1.01 % to 1.11
% from 60 cm depth and 0.02 % to 1.03 % from 90 cm depth in Post Monsoon season, thereby
implying that soils are sufficient in organic carbon.
The organic carbon content of soil varied from 1.09 % to 1.21 % 30cm depth (Pre-Monsoon)
from 1.01 % to 1.22 % 60cm depth (Pre-Monsoon) from 0.95 % to 1.15 % 90cm depth (Pre-
Monsoon), thereby implying that soils are sufficient in organic carbon.
The organic carbon content of soil varied from 1.02 % to 1.23 % 30cm depth , 1.01 % to 1.11 %
60cm depth , 0.98 % to 1.1 % 90cm depth in Monsoon season, thereby implying that soils are
sufficient in organic carbon.
Macronutrients: Nutrients like Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K) are considered as
primary nutrients and sulphur (S) as secondary nutrient. These nutrients help in proper growth,
development and yield differentiation of plants and are generally required by plants in large quantity.
Available Nitrogen: Nitrogen is an integral component of many compounds including chlorophyll and
enzyme essential for plant growth. It is an essential constituent for amino acids, which is building blocks
for plant tissue, cell nuclei and protoplasm. It encourages the aboveground vegetative growth and deep
green colour to leaves. Deficiency of Nitrogen decreasing rate and extent of protein-synthesis and result
into stunted growth and develop chlorosis.
Available nitrogen content in the surface soils ranges between 448 to 515.2 kg/ha from 30cm
depth, 448 % to 537.6 kg/ha from 60cm depth, 448 to 537.6 kg/ha from 90cm depth in Post
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Monsoon season, thereby indicating that soils available are in medium range of nitrogen
content.
Available nitrogen content in the surface soils ranges between 448 to 547.6 kg/ha from 30 cm
depth, 403.2 to 604.8 kg/ha 60 cm depth and 425.6 to 560 kg/ha 90 cm depth in Pre-Monsoon
season, thereby indicating that soils available are ranging from medium to high nitrogen
content.
The surface soils range between 448 to 565 kg/ha from 30cm depth, 313.6 to 448 kg/ha from
60cm depth (Monsoon), between 219.2 to 492.8 kg/ha from 90cm depth in monsoon season,
thereby indicating that soils available are in medium range of nitrogen content.
Available Phosphorus: Phosphorus is important component of adenosine di-phosphate (ADP) and
adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP), which involves in energy transformation in plant. It is essential
component of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the seat of genetic inheritance in plant and animal.
Phosphorus take part in important functions like photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, crop maturation,
root development, strengthening straw in cereal crops etc. The availability of Phosphorus is restricted
under acidic and alkaline soil reaction mainly due to P-fixation. In acidic condition, it gets fixed with
aluminium and iron and in alkaline condition with calcium.
The availability of Phosphorus is restricted under acidic and alkaline soil reaction mainly due to
P-fixation. In acidic condition, it gets fixed with aluminium and iron and in alkaline condition
with calcium. Available phosphorus content ranges between 22 to 28 kg/ha from 30cm depth,
22 to 28 kg/ha from 60cm depth and 22 to 28 kg/ha from 90 cm depth thereby indicating that
soil available are in high range of phosphorus content during Post mosoon season.
Available phosphorus content ranges between 22 to 28 kg/ha from 30 cm depth, 22 to 29
kg/ha from 60cm depth, 22 to 27 kg/ha from 90cm, thereby indicating that soil available are
high range of phosphorus content during Pre mosoon season.
Available phosphorus content ranges between 22 to 38 kg/ha from 30cm depth, 22 to 35 kg/ha
from 60cm depth (Monsoon) and 20 to 28 kg/ha from 90cm depth (Monsoon), thereby
indicating that soils thereby indicating that soil available are medium to high phosphorus
content during mosoon season.
Available Potassium: Potassium is an activator of various enzymes responsible for plant processes like
energy metabolism, starch synthesis, nitrate reduction and sugar degradation. It is extremely mobile in
plant and help to regulate opening and closing of stomata in the leaves and uptake of water by root
cells. It is important in grain formation and tuber development and encourages crop resistance for
certain fungal and bacterial diseases.
Available potassium content in the soil ranges between 175.2 to 313.6 kg/ha from 30cm depth,
180.2 to 316.8 kg/ha from 60cm depth and 134.4 to 291.2 kg/ha from 90 cm depth, thereby
indicating medium to high in potassium content in the area during Post Monsoon season
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The soil ranges between 224 to 318.6 kg/ha from 30cm depth, between 224 to 291.2 kg/ha
from 60cm depth, between 201.6 to 318.6 kg/ha from 90cm depth thereby indicating medium
to high in potassium content during pre-monsoon season.
The soil ranges between 179.2 to 313.6 kg/ha from 30cm depth, between 134.4 to 291.2 kg/ha
60cm depth between 112 to 291.2 kg/ha from 90cm depth, thereby indicating indicating
medium to high in potassium content in the area during Monsoon season
Over all NPK levels in all the sampling locations are in medium to high level in terms of soil
fertility.
Sodium Absorption Ratio: The soils have excellent in SAR value in all samples in all season, in so far
as the SAR value ranges between 22 to 30 meq /kg from 30cm depth , 22 to 28 meq /kg from 60cm ,
22 to 28 meq /kg from 90cm depth in Post Monsoon Season.
SAR value ranges between 22 to 30 meq/kg from 30cm depth, 22 to 28 meq/kg from 60cm,
between 22 to 30 meq/kg from 90cm in Pre-Monsoon season.
SAR value ranges between 22 to 33 meq /kg from 30cm, 22 to 38 meq /kg in 60cm depth, 18 to
30 meq /kg from 90cm depth in Monsoon season.
Inference
Soils have good organic carbon and are capable of supporting agriculture. The soils of study area are
neither saline nor sodic as pH value of soils in all analysed samples is less than 8.5.
3.7 NOISE QUALITY
METHOD OF MONITORING
Sound Pressure Level (SPL) measurements were measured at all locations. The day noise levels have
been monitored during 6 am to 10 pm and night levels during 10 pm to 6 am at all the locations within
study area.
IDENTIFICATION OF SAMPLING LOCATIONS
A preliminary reconnaissance survey has been undertaken to identify the major noise generating
sources in the area. Noise at different generating sources has been identified based on the activities in
the study area and traffic. The noise monitoring has been conducted for determination of ambient noise
levels in the study area. The noise level at each location were recorded for 24 hrs.
NOISE MONITORING STATIONS
Table 3.27: Details of Noise Monitoring Stations Sr. No.
Locations Sampling Code
Direction Dist. (Km)
Coordinates
North East
1. Project site N1 - - 18°32'16.91"N 84°19'35.90"E
2. Near Bhavanapadu beach N2 N 1.1 18°34'2.89"N 84°20'59.10"E
3. Near Meghavaram Village N3 SW 4.75 18°30'6.01"N 84°15'54.95"E
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Sr. No.
Locations Sampling Code
Direction Dist. (Km)
Coordinates
North East
4. Near Telineelapuram Village N4 ENE 7.2 18°34'24.96"N 84°15'55.76"E
5. Near Selagapeta Village N5 WSW 4.06 18°34'32.21"N 84°19'10.73"E
6. Near Routhupuram Village N6 NW 5.84 18°37'23.84"N 84°19'30.00"E
7. Near Devda Village N7 NNW 5.5 18°37'51.62"N 84°20'34.14"E
8. Near Dabbalapadu Village N8 N 5.2 18°37'45.12"N 84°21'40.02"E
9. Near URK Puram N9 NNE 5.17 18°37'29.36"N 84°22'31.89"E
10. Near Bhavnapadu Harbour
Road N10 N 4.0 18°35'37.57"N 84°21'44.28"E
Figure 3.19: Noise Monitoring Photographs
AMBIENT NOISE QUALITY MONITORING RESULTS
The Noise monitoring results for Post-Monsoon (October 2020), Pre-Monsoon (April 2021) and
Monsoon season (September 2021) have been detailed out in Table 3.28.
Table 3.28: Leq day time and night time noise levels and Leq day and night time noise levels during Post-monsoon, Pre-Monsoon and Monsoon season study period
138. Tamarindus indica L. Caesalpiniaceae Terrestrial Planted
139. Tectona grandis L.f. Verbenaceae Terrestrial Wild
140. Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. Myrtaceae Terrestrial Planted *Source: Primary data collected by VSPL and supported through Secondary Literature
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Figure 3.22: Family-wise distribution of the Tree Species found in the Study Area
Figure 3.23: Habit-wise distribution of Tree Species found in the Study Area
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3.8.4.2 Shrub
The primary and secondary survey reveals the presence of 69 shrub species in the study area and its
environs. Euphorbiaceae is the predominant family representing 11 shrub species in the study area
followed by Malvaceae and Rubiaceae which covers 06 shrub species each. Table 3.30 exhibits the
important shrub species observed in the study area during the primary survey and supported by the
secondary literature.
Table 3.30: List of Major Shrub Species found in the Study Area
32. Solena amplexicaulis (Lam.) Gandhi Cucurbitaceae Terrestrial Wild *Source: Primary data collected by VSPL and supported through Secondary Literature
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Figure 3.25: Family-wise distribution of Herbaceous Flora found in the Study Area
FAUNAL DIVERSITY
3.8.5.1 Mammals
The list of faunal species found in the study area has been compiled with the help of secondary sources
like Forest Working Plans and was supplemented with information provided by local people during field
surveys in the study area. To study the probable occurrence of mammals in the area, 2- 3 km long
transects and trails were walked at each sampling site for any sighting and also by collecting indirect
evidence gathered by talking to locals during interaction. For compilation of list aid from Forest Working
Plans was considered. A total of 15 mammalian species reported from the study area. List of
Mammalian species compiled from secondary sources as well-found during field survey is given in Table
3.32.
Table 3.32: Important Mammalian Species Found in the Study Area
S.No. Common Name Zoological Name IUCN Status WPA (1972) Status
1. Spotted deer Axis axis LC Sch III
2. Jackal Canis aureus LC Sch II (Part I)
3. Indian fox Vulpes benghalensis LC Sch II (Part I)
4. Jungle cat Felis chaus LC Sch II (Part I)
5. Common mongoose Herpestes edwardsii LC Sch II (Part I)
6. Black naped hare Lepus nigricollis LC Sch IV
7. Rhesus macaque Macaca mulatta LC Sch II (Part I)
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Table 3.41: Average of data of Frequency, Density, Abundance and Shanon Wiener Diversity Index (H) of Benthic Organisms at M-3 Post - Monsoon, Oct 2020)
S.N Benthic Organisms Density
(ind.m-2) Frequency (%) Abundance Diversity Index (Shannon Wiener)
1 Euniphysa 1 3 1 0.019
2 Namalycastis 3 13 4 0.103
3 Nephtys 9 25 6 0.143
4 Magelona 11 28 12 0.200
5 Aryandes 6 15 4 0.107
6 Sabellidae 4 12 3 0.083
7 Millepora 14 29 11 0.241
8 Adelopora 23 39 20 0.315
9 Cyclohelia 29 43 21 0.307
10 Errina 24 44 19 0.316
Total 124 1.834
Table 3.42: Average of data of Frequency, Density, Abundance and Shanon Wiener Diversity Index (H)
of Benthic Organisms at M-4 (Post-Monsoon, Oct 2020)
S.N Benthic Organisms Density
(ind.m-2)
Frequency
(%) Abundance
Diversity Index
(Shannon Wiener)
1 Euniphysa 5 18 5 0.117
2 Namalycastis 17 49 13 0.270
3 Nephtys 12 31 9 0.181
4 Magelona 7 29 6 0.170
5 Aryandes 14 45 12 0.245
6 Sabellidae 7 18 5 0.093
7 Millepora 23 39 20 0.315
8 Adelopora 14 40 11 0.193
9 Cyclohelia 17 48 14 0.267
10 Errina 9 27 7 0.159
Total 125 2.01
Table 3.43: Average of data of Frequency, Density, Abundance and Shanon Wiener Diversity Index (H)
of Benthic Organisms at M-5 (Post-Monsoon, Oct 2020)
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Table 3.49: Average of data of Frequency, Density, Abundance and Shanon Wiener Diversity Index (H) of Benthic Organisms at M-3 (Pre-Monsoon, April 2021)
S.N Benthic Organisms Density
(ind.m-2) Frequency (%) Abundance Diversity Index (Shannon Wiener)
1 Euniphysa 14 45 12 0.245
2 Namalycastis 3 13 4 0.103
3 Nephtys 15 25 6 0.143
4 Magelona 17 28 12 0.250
5 Aryandes 6 15 4 0.107
6 Sabellidae 4 12 3 0.283
7 Millepora 14 29 11 0.241
8 Adelopora 16 39 20 0.315
9 Cyclohelia 29 35 21 0.207
10 Errina 24 32 19 0.216
Total 124 1.834
Table 3.50: Average of data of Frequency, Density, Abundance and Shanon Wiener Diversity Index (H)
of Benthic Organisms at M-4 (Pre-Monsoon, April 2021)
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Table 3.51: Average of data of Frequency, Density, Abundance and Shanon Wiener Diversity Index (H) of Benthic Organisms at M-5 (Pre-Monsoon, April 2021)
S.N Benthic Organisms Density
(ind.m-2)
Frequency
(%) Abundance
Diversity Index
(Shannon Wiener)
1 Euniphysa 5 25 5 0.131
2 Namalycastis 17 10 13 0.217
3 Nephtys 20 33 17 0.309
4 Magelona 11 40 9 0.213
5 Aryandes 15 10 12 0.200
6 Sabellidae 23 22 7 0.107
7 Millepora 18 32 7 0.111
8 Adelopora 15 33 4 0.290
9 Cyclohelia 21 9 20 0.286
10 Errina 7 12 8 0.213
Total 113 1.87
Table 3.52: Average of data of Frequency, Density, Abundance and Shanon Wiener Diversity Index (H)
of Benthic Organisms at M-6 (Pre-Monsoon, April 2021)
S.N Benthic Organisms Density
(ind.m-2)
Frequency
(%) Abundance Diversity Index (Shannon Wiener)
1 Euniphysa 10 13 4 0.213
2 Namalycastis 16 11 4 0.155
3 Nephtys 18 40 15 0.201
4 Magelona 21 9 20 0.256
5 Aryandes 2 4 2 0.169
6 Sabellidae 14 31 13 0.213
7 Millepora 25 50 18 0.301
8 Adelopora 10 25 7 0.152
9 Cyclohelia 18 22 15 0.211
10 Errina 16 18 5 0.293
Total 105 1.789
The data on frequency, density, abundance and diversity index (Shannon Wiener) of phytoplankton and
Zooplankton at different locations for Monsoon Season (September, 2021) has been presented in Table
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Table 3.57: Average of data of Frequency, Density, Abundance and Shanon Wiener Diversity Index (H) of Benthic Organisms at M-3 (Monsoon, September 2021)
S.N Benthic Organisms Density
(ind.m-2) Frequency (%) Abundance Diversity Index (Shannon Wiener)
1 Euniphysa 22 45 15 0.301
2 Namalycastis 8 15 4 0.103
3 Nephtys 10 24 6 0.143
4 Magelona 14 32 12 0.220
5 Aryandes 8 15 4 0.103
6 Sabellidae 4 12 3 0.083
7 Millepora 14 32 12 0.241
8 Adelopora 22 45 20 0.315
9 Cyclohelia 20 36 21 0.297
10 Errina 25 42 19 0.326
Total 147 2.13
Table 3.58: Average of data of Frequency, Density, Abundance and Shanon Wiener Diversity Index (H)
of Benthic Organisms at M-4 (Monsoon, September 2021)
S.N Benthic Organisms Density
(ind.m-2)
Frequency
(%) Abundance
Diversity Index
(Shannon Wiener)
1 Euniphysa 17 48 14 0.297
2 Namalycastis 9 22 9 0.118
3 Nephtys 14 40 11 0.253
4 Magelona 6 15 4 0.157
5 Aryandes 14 45 12 0.245
6 Sabellidae 7 18 5 0.093
7 Millepora 9 22 9 0.118
8 Adelopora 14 40 11 0.253
9 Cyclohelia 17 48 14 0.297
10 Errina 9 27 7 0.159
Total 116 1.99
Table 3.59: Average of data of Frequency, Density, Abundance and Shanon Wiener Diversity Index (H)
of Benthic Organisms at M-5 (Monsoon, September 2021)
earth works Pile driving activities Garbage and Sewage
contamination Clearing of local
vegetation for development works.
Wind / Dust movement
Increase in heavy metal concentration
Increase in Petroleum Hydrocarbons, Oil and grease loads
Contamination with e-coli and health impacting microbes
Not meeting drinking water standards
Rainfall runoff from open storage yards
Maintenance dredging activities
Waste and effluent disposal from Marine spread using the port
Bilge and ballast water from ships
Anti-fouling paints from ships bottom
Improper handling of sewage and garbage from ships
Impact on Noise Environment
Operation of vehicles and Construction machinery
Alarms, Sirens, Power generating equipment
Pile driving activities Dredging and
reclamation activities
Vibrations may be felt in the areas closer to the coast
Increased noise and vibration (continuous or variable) above a certain threshold value can impact the marine and terrestrial Fauna by affecting their ability to communicate, breed and find sources of food.
Operation of vehicles and
Machinery Marine traffic
movement of ships Operation of Cranes,
conveyors for cargo handling and other heavy equipment
Maintenance dredging activities
Vehicular traffic for cargo movement
Increased noise and vibration (continuous or variable) above a certain threshold value can impact the marine and terrestrial Fauna by affecting their ability to communicate, breed and find sources of food.
Impact on Soil Environment
Dredging activities Land Reclamation from
dredge spoils. Surface runoff during
earth works Garbage and Sewage
contamination
Deterioration in soil quality due to contamination and loss of productive fertile soil.
Change in basic soil characteristics leading to land use change.
Rainfall runoff from open storage yards
Maintenance dredging activities
Improper storage / handling of waste and effluents
Deterioration in soil quality due to contamination and loss of productive fertile soil.
Change in basic soil characteristics leading to land use change.
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Environmental Aspects
Pre-construction/ Land Acquisition/Construction Operation
Meteorology Wind speed, wind direction, temperature, relative humidity and rainfall
One (1)
365 Bureau of Indian Standards (IS 8829) and India Meteorological Department (IMD).
Online Monitoring Machine
Wind speed, wind direction, temperature, relative humidity and rainfall
One (1)
365
Air Quality All 12 parameters as per NAAQ standards
Five (5)
104 Fine Particulate Samplers for PM10, PM2.5, and Respirable Dust Sampler for SO2 and NO2, CO analyser /portable CO meter for CO and portable HC meter for HC (Hydro Carbon), other parameters as per standard methods.
National Ambient Air Quality Standards released during November, 2009
Noise Levels Day and night noise levels
Five (5)
12 24 hr continuous with 1 hr interval.
National Ambient Noise Standards, GSR 1063 (E), 1989
Water Quality
Physical, Chemical and Bacteriological
Ground water Six (6) Surface water Six (6)
3 Grab sampling and analysis by using standard methods.
IS10500, 2012 drinking water standards for Groundwater/potable water. Designated Best Use Classification of Inland Surface Water of National Rivers Conservation Directorate, MoEF&CC for Surface Water
Meteorology Wind speed, wind direction, temperature, relative humidity and rainfall
One (1)
365 Bureau of Indian Standards (IS 8829) and India Meteorological Department (IMD).
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Item Parameters to be monitored
Sampling Locations
Frequency per year
Methods for Sampling & Analysis
Compliance
Air Quality All 12 parameters as per NAAQ standards
Five (5)
104 Fine Particulate Samplers for PM10, PM2.5, Respirable Dust Sampler for SO2 and NO2, CO analyser /portable CO meter for CO and portable HC meter for HC (Hydro Carbon), other parameters as per standard methods.
National Ambient Air Quality Standards released during November, 2009
Noise Levels Day and night noise levels
Five (5)
12 24 hr continuous with 1 hr interval.
National Ambient Noise Standards, GSR 1063 (E), 1989
Water Quality Physical, Chemical and Bacteriological
Ground water Six (6) Surface water Six (6)
12 Grab sampling and analysis by using standard methods.
IS10500, 2012 drinking water standards for Groundwater/potable water. 12 De12signated Best Use Classification of Inland Surface Water of National Rivers Conservation Directorate, MoEF&CC for Surface Water
12 Collection and analysis of samples as per IS 2720
Baseline data & Environmental Compliance monitoring data.
STP outlet Physical, Chemical and Bacteriological
Two (2)
12 Grab sampling and analysis by using standard methods.
As per CPCB
Stack PM10, PM2.5, SO2, Two (2) 12 Fine As per CPCB
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Item Parameters to be monitored
Sampling Locations
Frequency per year
Methods for Sampling & Analysis
Compliance
Monitoring NO2, and co Particulate Samplers for PM10, PM2.5, and Respirable Dust Sampler for SO2 and NO2, CO analyser /portable CO meter for CO and portable HC meter for HC (Hydro Carbon), other parameters as per CPCB Guidelines.
COMPLIANCE AND REPORTING
The results of monitoring shall be reported to the statutory authorities: i) APPCB and ii)
Regional Office of MoEFCC, Chennai. Half yearly report should include condition of
Environmental clearance and status of compliance.
It shall also cover different statutory returns/ compliance reports to be submitted such as:
Submission of half yearly compliance report in respect of the stipulated prior environmental
clearance terms and conditions in soft copy to APPCB and Regional Office of MoEFCC on 1st
June and 1st December of each calendar year.
Submission of environmental statement for the financial year ending 31st March to the
APPCB on or before 30th September every year.
Records of Hazardous Waste if any in Form 4 as per Hazardous Waste Rules 2016.
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CHAPTER 7
ADDITIONAL STUDIES
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7 ADDITONAL STUDIES
7.1 SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
The Social Impact Assessment (SIA) includes a Census of all likely affected structures, and sample Socio-
economic Survey of project affected households. It also includes Consultations and Focused Group
Discussions (FGDs) with the affected people. The SIA identifies and measures impacts on land,
residential and commercial structures. The impact of the project on title holders, tenants, encroachers,
squatters, kiosks, wage earners/ operators residing/ operating on existing public/ government land and
loss of livelihood due to implementation of the proposed project.
SIA shall be carried out with the following broad objectives:
Assess adversely affected land and structures,
Benchmark affected land, structures, affected families and socio-economic status of the affected people,
Identifying potential impacts of the project affected families, and
Identifying impacts on the Community Property Resources.
RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN (RAP)
The Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) shall be prepared to provide mitigation measures of the impact
identified in the Social Impact Assessment (SIA).
An Entitlement Matrix (EM) shall be formulated with all possible types of losses and the corresponding
nature and scope of eligibility for entitlements. The Entitlement Matrix shall adopt the provisions of the
Land Acquisition (LA), Rehabilitation and Resettlement (R&R) assistances from The Andhra Pradesh State
Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation & Resettlement
(Andhra Pradesh Amendment) Act, 2018 and RFCTLARR Act, 2013.
The RAP shall also include entitlements for different types of impacts, institutional mechanisms,
implementation schedules, land acquisition and R&R budgets, assessment of income restoration
mechanisms, grievance redress mechanism, and internal and external monitoring mechanisms.
LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK
The Legal and Policy Framework (LPD) and principles adopted for addressing resettlement issues in the
Project have been guided by the proposed legislation and policies of the GOI, the state Government of
Andhra Pradesh and in accordance with the principles of APMB. Prior to the preparation of the
Resettlement Plan, a detailed analysis of the proposed national and state policies was undertaken and
an entitlement matrix has been prepared for the entire program. The section below provides details of
the various national and state level legislations studied and their applicability within this framework.
This Resettlement Policy is prepared based on the review and analysis of all applicable legal and policy
frameworks of the country and state policy requirements. A summary of applicable acts and policies is
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presented in the following paragraphs and the detailed policy review and comparison is provided in the
entitlement matrix.
PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVE
As per the Detailed Project Report (DPR) approximately 1010.00 Acres of land would be required for the
development of proposed Greenfield Port at Bhavanapadu, Srikakulam District, Andhra Pradesh. Out of
total land, approximately 320.05 acres of land shall be acquired from patta land (private land), 234.44
acres from salt pan land, 122.06 acres from coastal belt land, 66.54 acres from revenue land, 2.99 acres
from forest land, 79.00 acre from waste land and 184.92 acres required for external rail and road
connectivity. While the patta land shall be acquired as per RFCTLARR-2013 and RFCTLARR (Andhra
Pradesh Amendment) Act 2018, the salt land, revenue land, coastal belt land and forest land shall be
transferred from respective government department. In addition, the habitation of village Mulapeta and
Pathlingadu have been proposed to be displaced and relocated with workable R&R Plan and all basic
amenities.
The impacts of the project will not be limited to the land acquisition but will also affect and displace
people residing and/ or operating their petty business or other activities from the structures that are
falling in Mulapeta and Pathlingadu villages. Thus, the project will cause both physical and economic
impacts. Therefore, improvements on land will be impacted leading to relocation, disruption of shelter
and business, loss of livelihood, etc. The broad impacts likely to be caused due to the proposed project
are:
Loss of land (built-up, agricultural, open barren etc.);
Severance of land plots;
Residual land area becoming unviable;
Loss of structure (full or partial) of Titleholder, Squatter, Encroacher, Occupant;
Loss of other properties and assets such as boundary walls, hand pumps, tube wells, dug wells
etc.;
Displacement of owners and tenants of both residential and commercial entities;
Loss of livelihood of land owners and persons associated with land and business;
Loss of kiosk, work shed etc.;
Loss of trees, standing crops etc.;
Loss of common property resources such as religious places, graveyard, cremation places, water resources, village gates, etc.;
Impacts on the livelihood of persons losing business units including commercial encroachers and squatters,
Disruption of social network during the construction period and access to resources etc.
The purpose and objectives of legal and policy framework are to ensure that compensation and
resettlement and rehabilitation aspects of the project are consistent with the national, state laws,
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notifications and policies. Resettlement and rehabilitation activities are implemented in accordance with
the provisions laid down under this section.
LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR LAND ACQUISITION, RESETTLEMENT AND REHABILITATION
The following section outlines the laws, policy principles and procedures recommended to be followed
for land acquisition, compensation and resettlement and rehabilitation assistance for project affected
households/ persons (PAHs/PAPs).
The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 (RFCTLARR, 2013);
The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement (Andhra Pradesh Amendment) Act, 2018;
Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Acts, 2006;
The Scheduled Castes and The Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989;
The Gazette of India, Extraordinary, S.O 425(E), Ministry of Rural Development Notification dated 9th February 2016;
The Provisions of the Panchayats (Extension to the Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996;
Right to Information Act, 2005; and
CSR activities under Companies Act, 2013.
APPLICABLE SOCIAL SAFEGUARD POLICY FOR PROPOSED GREENFIELD PORT PROJECT
AT BHAVANAPADU
The social safeguard policies applicable for the proposed project are summarized in the Table below:
S. No. Acts, Notifications and
Policies Relevant to the Project Applicability
1. RFCTLARR 2013 The Act lays down procedures for land acquisition and providing resettlement & rehabilitation assistance.
Applicable
2. Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement (Andhra Pradesh Amendment) Act, 2018
This Act was published in first time on the 30th May, 2018 in the Andhra Pradesh Gazette for general information and deemed to have come into effect on 1st January 2014. As per Section 3 of this Act Chapter II and Chapter III of RFCTLARR 2013 are not applicable for this Project. As per this Act, State Government or its Authorized Office will enter into an agreement with the willing land owner to sell the land in favour of the State for the matters specified therein in a prescribed form.
Applicable
3. The Gazette of India, Extraordinary, S.O 425(E), Ministry of Rural Development Notification dated 9th February 2016
Notifies that market value of land shall be multiplied by a factor of 2 in the case of rural areas.
Applicable
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ENTITLEMENT MATRIX
Compensation for the lost assets to all displaced persons will be paid on the basis of replacement cost.
Resettlement assistance for lost income and livelihoods will be provided to both title holders and non-
title holders. Special resettlement and rehabilitation measures will be made available to the “Vulnerable
Group” comprises of DPs living below poverty line (BPL), SC, ST, women headed households, the elderly
and the disabled. An Entitlement Matrix has been formulated, which recognizes and lists various types
of losses resulting out of the project and specific compensation and resettlement packages. Entitlement
Matrix presented in Table 7.1 below:
Development of Green field Bhavanapadu Port, Dist. Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh
PART I. TITLE HOLDERS-Compensation for Loss of Private Property
1 Loss of Land (agricultural, homestead, commercial or otherwise)
1.1 Compensation for land at Replacement Cost or Land for land, where feasible
Land will be acquired by the competent authority in accordance with the provisions of RFCTLARR Act, 2013 and Andhra Pradesh RFCTLARR (Andhra Pradesh Amendment) Act, 2018.
Replacement cost for Land will be, higher of (i) market value as per Indian Stamp Act, 1899 for the registration of sale deed or agreements to sell, in the area where land is situated; or (ii)average sale price for similar type of land, situated in the nearest village or nearest vicinity area, ascertained from the highest 50% of sale deeds of the preceding 3years; or (iii) consented amount paid for PPPs or private companies.
Plus 100%solatium and 12%interest from date of notification to award.
The multiplier factor adopted by State Government for land in rural area, based on the distance from urban area to the affected area, will be applied.
In case of severance of land, house, manufactory or other building, As per Section 94(1), the whole land and /or structure shall be acquired, if the owner so desires.
2 Loss of Structure (house, shop, building or immovable property or assets attached to the land)
2.1 Compensation at replacement cost The market value of structures and other immovable properties will be determined by Competent Authority for Land Acquisition (CALA) on the basis of relevant Schedule of rates (SR) as on date without depreciation and consultation with Roads and Building Department.
Plus 100% solatium
For partly affected structures, the DP will have the option of – claiming compensation for the entire structure, if the remaining portion is unviable.
PART II. REHABILITATION AND RESETTLEMENT- Both Land Owners and Families Whose Livelihood is Primarily Dependent on Land Acquired
3 Loss of land 3.1 Employment to at least one member per affected family in
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the project or arrange for a job in such other project as may be required after providing suitable training and skill development in the required field and at a rate not lower than the minimum wages provided for in any other law for the time being in force.
Or
One-time payment of Rs.5,00,000/-for each affected household.
Or
Annuity policy that shall pay Rs, 2000/- per month for 20 years with appropriate indexation to CPITAL
3.2 Monthly subsistence allowance of Rs, 3000/-per month for a period of one year to affected households who require to relocate due to the project
3.3 Transportation assistance of Rs. 50,000/- for affected households who require to relocate due to the project
3.4 One-time assistance of Rs. 25,000/- to all those who loss a cattle shed
3.5 One time Resettlement Allowance of Rs, 50,000/- for affected household who have to relocate
3.6 Additional onetime assistance of Rs, 50,000/-to scheduled caste and scheduled tribe families who are displaced from scheduled areas and who require to relocate due to the project.
4 Loss of Residence 4.1 An alternative house for those who have to relocate, as per IAY specification in rural areas and constructed house/flat of minimum 50sq.m. in urban areas or cash in lieu of house if opted (the cash in lieu of house will be Rs, 70,000/-in the line with Gol IAY standards in rural areas and Rs, 1,50,000 in case of urban areas) , for those who do not have any homestead land and who have been residing in the affected areas continuously for a minimum period of 3years
Stamp Duty and registration charges will be borne by the project in case of new houses or sites.
4.2 Employment to at least one member per affected family in the project or arrange for a job in such other project as may
Development of Green field Bhavanapadu Port, Dist. Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh
be required after providing suitable training and skill development in the required field and at a rate not lower than the minimum wages provided for any other law for the time being in force. Or One Time payment of Rs, 5,00,000/- for each affected household. Or Annuity policy that shall pay Rs, 2000/- per month or 20 years with appropriate indexation to CPITAL.
4.3 Monthly subsistence allowance of Rs, 3000/- per month for a period of one year to affected households who require to locate due to the project.
4.4 Transportation assistance of Rs. 50,000/- for affected households who require to relocate due to the project.
4.5 One-time assistance of Rs. 25,000/-to all those who lose a cattle shed.
4.6 One-time assistance of Rs. 25,000/- for each affected family of an artisan or self-employed and who has to relocate.
4.7 One-time Resettlement Allowance of Rs. 50,000/-for affected household who have to relocate.
4.8 Additional onetime assistance of Rs. 50,000/-to scheduled caste and scheduled tribe families who are displaced from scheduled areas and who require to relocate due to the project.
4.9 Right to salvage affected materials.
5 Loss of shop /trade /commercial structure
5.1 Employment to at least one number per affected family in the project or arrange for a job in such other project as may be required after providing suitable training and skill development in the required field and at a rate not lower than the minimum wages provided for in any other law. Or One-time Payment of Rs. 5,00,000/-for each affected household Or
Development of Green field Bhavanapadu Port, Dist. Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh
Annuity policy that shall pay Rs. 2000/-per month for 20 years with appropriate indexation to CPITAL
5.2 Monthly subsistence allowance of Rs. 3000/- per month for a period of one year to affected household who require to relocate due to the project
5.3 Transportation assistance of Rs. 50,000/-for affected household who require to relocate due to the project.
5.4 One-time assistance of Rs. 25,000/-for each affected family of an artisan or self-employed or small trader and who has to relocate.
5.5 One-time Resettlement Allowance of Rs. 50,000/-for affected household who have to relocate.
5.6 Additional onetime assistance of Rs. 50,000/-to scheduled caste and scheduled tribe families who are displaced from scheduled areas and who require to relocate due- to the project
5.7 Right to salvage affected materials.
PART III. IMPACT TO SQUATTERS/ENCROACHERS-
6 Impact of Squatters 6.1 6.1.1
Loss of House Compensation at scheduled rates without depreciation for structure with 1-month notice to demolish the affected structure.
Only those directly affected squatters who live there will be eligible for all assistance. Structure owners within project boundary/ Government lands who do not live there and have rented out the structure will be provided compensation for structure and no other assistance will be provided to them. The occupier (squatter-tenant) will be eligible for other assistance.
6.1.2 Right to salvage the affected materials.
6.1.3 House construction grant of Rs. 70,000/-for all those who have to relocate and who do not have a house. Additional house site grants of Rs. 50,000 to those who do not have a house site
6.1.4 One-time subsistence allowance of Rs. 18,000/-
6.1.5 One time Shifting assistance of Rs. 10,000/-
6.2 6.2.1
Loss of shop Compensation at scheduled rates without depreciation for structure with one-month notice to demolish affected structure.
Only those directly affected squatters who do business there will be eligible for all assistance. Structure owners in Government lands who do not live
Development of Green field Bhavanapadu Port, Dist. Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh
6.2.2 Right to salvage the affected materials. there and have rented out the structure will be provided compensation for structure and no other assistance will be provided to them.
6.2.3 One-time rehabilitation grants of Rs. 20,000/-for reconstruction of affected shop.
6.2.4 One time subsistence allowance of Rs.18,000/- The occupier (squatter-tenant) will be eligible for other assistance. 6.2.5 Shifting time assistance of Rs. 10,000/-
6.3 6.3.1
Kiosks/ Street Vendors 1-month advance notice to relocate to nearby place for continuance of economic activity.
APMB and the implementation support NGO/ agency will consult such DPs and assess the requirement of subsistence allowance and rehabilitation grant.
6.3.2 For temporary loss of livelihood during construction period, a monthly subsistence allowance of Rs. 3000/-will be paid for the duration of disruption to livelihood, but not exceeding 3-Months.
6.3.3 If relocation to nearby place and continuance of economic activity in the same place is not possible, then one-time rehabilitation grants of Rs. 18,000/-
6.4 6.4.1
Cultivation 2-month notice to harvest standing crops or market value of compensation for standing crops.
7 Impact to Encroachers 7.1 7.1.1
Cultivation 2-month notice to harvest standing crops or market value of compensation for standing crops, if notice is not given
Market value for the loss of standing crops will be decided by the CALA in consultation with the agriculture or Horticulture Department
7.2 7.2.1
Structure 1-month notice to demolish the encroached structure
7.2.2 Compensation at scheduled rates without depreciation for the affected portion of the structure
The value of commercial structure and other immovable properties will be determined by CALA on the basis of relevant scheduled rates (SR) as on date without depreciation
PART IV. IMPACT TO VULNERABLE HOUSEHOLD
8 Vulnerable Household 8.1 Training for skill development. This assistance includes cost of training and financial assistance for travel/conveyance and food.
One adult member of the affected household, whose livelihood is affected, will be entitled for skill development.
8.2 One-time assistance of Rs. 25,000/-to DHs who have to relocate.
NGO will identify the number of eligible vulnerable displaced persons during joint verification and shall update the RP and will conduct training need assessment in
Development of Green field Bhavanapadu Port, Dist. Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh
consultations with the DPs so as to develop appropriate training programmes suitable to the DPs skill, education and the region. Suitable trainers or local resources will be identified by APMB and NGO in consultation with local training institutes/NSDC.
PART V. IMPACT DURING CIVIL WORKS
9 Impact to structure /assets/ tree/ crops
9.1 The contractor is liable to pay damages to assets/tree/crops in privet/public land, caused due to civil works
APMB will ensure compliance
10 Use of private land 10.1 The contractor should obtain prior written consent from the landowner and pay mutually agreed rental for use of private land for storage of material or movement of vehicles and machinery or diversion of traffic during civil works
PART VI. COMMON PROPERTY RESOURCES
11 Impact to common property resources such as places of worship, community buildings, schools, etc.
11.1 Relocation or restoration, if feasible, or cash compensation at replacement cost.
12 Utilities such as water supply, electricity, etc.
12.1 Will be relocated and services restored prior to commencement of civil works
The APMB will ensure that utilities are relocated prior to commencement of civil works in accordance with the civil works schedule.
PART VII. UNFORSEEN IMPACT
Unforeseen Impacts encountered during implementation will be addressed in accordance with the principles of RFCTLARR2013/ Andhra Pradesh RFCTLARR (Andhra Pradesh Amendment) Act, 2018. In addition to the all entitlements given in the non-tribal area, Tribal Development Plan will be prepared for development assistance of the affected tribal communities in course of the competent authorities’ community and human development plans covering the following aspects: a. Contribution of existing tribal development and/or human development plans b. Assistance of competent authorities to prepare new tribal development plans and implement the plans c. Development of alternate fuel, fodder and non-timber forest produce resources on non-forest lands
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APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY FOR SIA
The initial approach includes several discussions with the officials of APMB along with reconnaissance
visits to the site. The study approach has a combination of Review of available related data and
documents, Data collection from secondary sources and primary data collection through reconnaissance
surveys, Consultations with the stakeholders.
A combination of qualitative and quantitative approach shall be adopted for the Social Impact
Assessment. Socio-economic survey of representative sample households shall be conducted for
collection of information on current status of their living and magnitude of probable impact. The
qualitative research approach through Consultations and Focus Group Discussions with the primary
stakeholders shall also be adopted to gain a deeper understanding of the project impact. These
techniques also facilitate the involvement of the project affected people in the project and provide their
suggestions.
The various steps shall be adopted to conduct Social Impact Assessment which are described in the
Table 7.2 below:
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Table 7.2: Steps taken to prepare SIA & RAP Reports
STEP: 1 Mobilization
Meeting and discussions with APMB
Reconnaissance Survey/ Site visit
STEP: 2 Desk Research
Review of relevant data and documents
Study of Detailed Project Report, Layout Drawing, Acts & Policies, Guidelines and other administrative documents
Collection of data/ information from Secondary Sources
Formulation of Data Collection instruments from primary sources
STEP: 3 Field Studies
Site Visit for verifying the impact zone on ground and identify the impact zones/ areas
Selection of Enumerators and Supervisors and their field training
(It consisted of detail discussions on Questionnaires and Data collection methods, sampling process, identification of project households etc.)
Discussions with local community and local people about the projects, its benefits and adversities.
Conduct of Socio-Economic Survey
Conduct of Public/ Community Consultations
Focused Group Discussions
STEP: 4 Data Processing & Data Analysis
Scrutiny of filled-in-Questionnaires
Coding, data entry & verification
Tabulation of data
Generation of trial and final tables and
Data analysis to prepare output tables
STEP: 5 Preparation of R&R Estimates
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R&R Estimate shall be carried out after Census and Socio-economic Survey
STEP: 6 Generation of Reports
Generation of Draft SIA & RAP report
Final SIA & RAP reports after incorporating the comments and clarifications of Client.
Conventionally, the Census Survey shall be conducted for all affected families and sample Socio-economic survey shall be conducted for
approximately 25 percent of the Project Affected Families.
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PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS
Public Consultations/Focused Group Discussion shall be conducted with the Project Affected Persons
(PAPs) and relevant stakeholders at various locations in the project area. During public consultations
issues related to design of the project, benefits, land acquisition, compensation, income restoration,
employment generation, grievance redress, road access, safety etc. shall be discussed.
The Stakeholders consulted are a) primary stakeholders, who are affected persons and b) secondary
stakeholders, who are officials of Panchayats and local institutions. The consultations included the
following entities/ institutions as stakeholders.
Project Affected People
General Public
Head/ Sarpanch of the villages
PRIMARY PROJECT IMPACT AREA
This section provides an understanding of the demographic profile of the villages in the project affected
area, the social groups present, and the livelihood profile of the community. The purpose of this section
is to allow for an increased understanding of the key issues identified as well as identify areas of
intervention in future scenarios. As per the reconnaissance survey and Census of India 2011, there are
six numbers of hamlets namely Kothalingudu, Pathalingudu, Matchilesam Sunnapalle,
Reddikasunnapalle, Mulapeta and Vishnuchakram are coming under Rajapuram village. Out of these six
hamlets, the settlement of Mulapeta and Pathalingudu are impacted and attract Rehabilitation &
Resettlement due to the development of Proposed Bhavanapadu Greenfield Port. Hence, 100% Census
and 25% Socio-economic Survey shall be conducted of PAFs and Resettlement Action Plan shall be
prepared and implemented as per the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition,
INITIATION OF CENTRAL CONTROL ROOM -ON DISASTER LEVEL (I), (II) AND (III)
Chairman Port will decide when members of the Central Disaster Management Group will operate from
their respective dept control rooms and attend joint meetings at the Central Disaster Management
Control Room or when total central control room attendance is required. Whenever the Central Disaster
Management centre takes over responsibilities the On-Site Action Group now reports to the Central
control Room.
FIRE & EXPLOSION
A fire incident is described as the destruction or partial destruction by fire of a building or its contents.
The spread of fire can be very fast. Prompt and well-directed action can be decisive in escaping a major
fire loss. The biggest single need usually is not personnel and equipment. Most often it is the ability to
respond quickly and to confine the fire to manageable limits before it reaches the disaster stage. As
soon as the Fire & Safety Section arrives they will take charge of the scene, initiate the Incident
Command System and appoint a Fire Coordinator.
It is within the purview of the Fire & Safety Section to:
Evaluate the situation.
Determine equipment and manpower needs.
Notify appropriate agencies for assistance.
Confine and extinguish structural fires to area of origin and prevent additional exposure.
Reduce or eliminate structural damage and risk to persons.
Conduct rescue and lifesaving.
Provide medical services.
With the concerned Department conduct a fire investigation to determine point of origin and
cause.
Facilitate in returning structures back to service as soon as possible
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Table 7.19: Methods of Dealing with Different Types of Fires & Leakage
Types Methods
Fires from minor oil spillage on deck
or jetty
Use dry chemical or foam extinguishers or water fog or water spray
Fire from large spillage of oil or burst
hose on deck or jetty
Use large dry chemical appliance and follow up with foam or water
fog/spray. Cool surrounding area/risks with water spray
Fires from spillage of oil on
surrounding waters
Emulsification of oil with water jets or apply foam coverage as appropriate
-Electrical Fires
-Fire in buildings-canteen
Switch off power-use CO2 or dry chemical extinguishers
Fire in office involving combustible
material
Use dry powder fire extinguishers-water spray, Use Breathing apparatus.
Fire in cargo tanks Use foam or steam smothering.
FIRE IN COAL STORAGE
Coal is a potential fire hazard; coal storage requires careful study from the point of view of safety. Fire
in coal stock is also a major source of environmental pollution. In order to avoid these hazards, coal
storage facilities require careful evaluation in respect of fire safety, keeping in mind the
characteristics of the different types of coal used in the industries.
RISK FACTORS
Self-heating of coal to its ignition temperature, resulting in what is called spontaneous combustion, is a
phenomenon identified with coal storage in industries. Virtually all grades of coal (except high grade
anthracite) are vulnerable to spontaneous heating and ignition. Although the precise cause of the
spontaneous combustion of coal is not well defined, it is believed that when coal is freshly mined, the
fresh surface of coal pieces liberates absorbed hydrocarbons, chiefly methane (in varying
amounts), After the escape of the absorbed gases, the exposed surface of coal particles gets oxidized
by the oxygen in the ambient air. The oxidation is very slow but heat is generated in the process. If the
heat is not allowed to dissipate, the temperature of the coal may rise gradually but sufficiently enough
to cause the mass to ignite. It is also believed that this self-heating of coal usually occurs in about 90 to
120 days after the coal is extracted in mining operations.
Oxidation in coal stacks takes place mainly from loosely packed coal stacks and the consequent
availability of oxygen in the voids of the stacks. The rate of oxidation is high at the outer surface of
the stacks because of the availability of abundant oxygen there. The rise in temperature,
however, cannot be detected due to the dissipation of heat by air movement. This zone extends
roughly up to a depth of 0.5 m. The situation beyond this zone, say up to a depth of 1.5 m, is
different. The coal in this zone also different. The coal in this zone also oxidizers fairly rapidly in the
presence of adequate quantity of air entering the stack, but the heat generated in the course of this
reaction is generally partially dissipated through convection and conduction. The heat transfer from
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this zone depends on factors like ambient temperature, rate of air movement around that zone, free
moisture available in the material and thermal conductivity. The residual heat thus present in this
zone further raises the temperature of the coal mass until it attains the critical (threshold)
temperature i.e., the auto ignition temperature. Once it reaches critical temperature, the coal in the
zone starts burning and smoking and eventually erupts in flames. Proneness to spontaneous
combustion, therefore, can be determined by ascertaining the critical oxidation temperature or
crossing point. The lower the crossing point, the more is the proneness to self- heating.
All types of coal, when exposed to the atmosphere, are liable to suffer deterioration of quality
through surface oxidation, but the extent of deterioration differs from type to type. Lignite is a type
of brown coal containing a high percentage of volatiles. It is subject to weathering much more
rapidly than bituminous coal. It contains a large percentage of moisture (as much as 40%) as mined, of
which nearly 20% exists even before it is mined. Under dry hot ambient conditions, particularly in
India where temperature in a shed could go up to 450C and humidity to less than 30%, lignite oxidation
rate could be high. The rate of release of carbon monoxide which is indicative of the oxidation rate
may be as high as 70 m3 of CO per ton of lignite, which is about 100 times that of normal bituminous
coal. It has also been observed that in large coal storage yards left undisturbed for long periods,
smouldering takes place at the surface layers of the pile. In case of lignite, this phenomenon is more
rapid. Highly volatile coal is particularly liable to spontaneous combustion.
SAFEGUARDS/GUIDELINES TO ENSURE SAFETY IN COAL STORAGE YARD/SHED
Storage of large quantities of coal requires two conditions to be met viz. (i) avoidance of deterioration
in quality and (ii) avoidance of heating in the pile. While neither of the conditions can be fulfilled
completely, deterioration and risk of fire can be reduced to a minimum by careful manipulation of
the conditions of storage.
As basic necessary steps to avoid spontaneous heating in coal storage, the following guidelines are
recommended:
The ground or floor where coal is to be stored should be thoroughly cleaned of leaves, grass,
weds, pieces of wood, cotton waste or other organic waste and precautions taken to prevent
such matter from getting under, into or on the coal pile.
There should not be any steam or hot process pipelines or openings or sewers under, into,
through or adjacent to coal piles.
The storage site should be provided with drainage facility to prevent accumulation of water on
the ground.
Special attention should be given to monitoring of the coal stack, floor temperature in excess of
420C.
The stack should be planned so as to facilitate dissipation of heat by wind from the surface of
the stack. Any barrier / obstruction to wind should be removed.
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Newly broken fines of coal are more susceptible to spontaneous heating. Avoid dropping coal
from heights while piling and keep watch on newly broken fines of coal.
Avoid conical piles; this storage should be built up in layers by roll packing; this helps to exclude
oxygen and thus prevents fires by discouraging spontaneous heating.
Avoid alternative wetting and drying or keeping one part of the pile wet and another dry. If
such a situation arises, look out especially for spots where spontaneous heating occurs to take
proper corrective measures.
Coal stack should be limited in height. Low grade coal should not be piled higher than 3 m and
best grade not higher than 10 m to 12 m unless it is piled by the roll packing method. Coal
should be stored in mixed sizes as too many fines will be hazardous.
Do not allow any standing timber or pipes, poles, etc. in the piles. These may give rise to
formation of duct which allows sluggish air flow which may be sufficient for heating the coal but
not sufficient to dissipate the heat.
It is recommended to locate coal yards at least 6 m to 7 m away from any important buildings
and other combustible storage areas.
While selecting the site, it is to be kept in mind that all parts of the coal stock are accessible for
regular inspection and monitoring.
A well designed and well-maintained coal stack and a systematic consumption of coal from storage yard
are fundamental to fire safety in the storage of coal in industries.
PREVENTION OF SPREAD OF COAL STOCK FIRES
During the period of low off take, coal stock generally tends to build up to alarming levels. Since most
of the grades of coal are susceptible to spontaneous ignition if it is undisturbed for a certain period of
time, risk of fire exists in coal stacks. Following are the recommended precautions for preventing
spread of coal stock fire:
Consumption of coal should be done on first in-first out basis.
Some sealant and protective coatings are commercially available. The manufacturers claim that
by spraying these chemicals over the coal heaps, the probability of spontaneous ignition of coal
can be reduced. It is believed that these coatings form a film on the surface of the coal lumps
which reduces the chances of oxidation.
Check the temperature of the coal pile regularly if heating has been known to occur. Specific
attention should be given to the sloped sides of the piles where vulnerable air pockets exist. If
pile temperature exceeds 700C, open the pile and place the overheated material in a separate
small pile or use it promptly.
Inspection of stack is required to detect smouldering and organize removal / consumption of
the smouldering coal on priority and to extinguish the flames in time. Such inspections are vital
after the rains as water falling on the surface and penetrating the coal pile may aggravate and
accelerate spontaneous heating by assisting oxidation.
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Coal having high moisture content should be stored separately, if possible, and used promptly.
RE PROTECTION AND FIREFIGHTING
During selection of storage sites, it is to be ascertained that all parts of the stack are accessible
to mobile appliances for quenching fire in case of an emergency.
The entire coal yard should be protected with a water hydrant system. Hydrant heads need not
necessarily be equidistant from each other. They should be distributed in the stock yard in such
a way as to provide protection on all sides. Atleast one hydrant post should be provided for
every 30 m. in the area.
The capacity of the static water storage exclusively reserved for hydrant purpose should be
done as per the Fire Protection Manual, part-I, issued by the Tariff Advisory Committee (TAC).
The storage yard should also be provided with at least two hoses, each of 15 m length and
nozzles of not less than 16 mm diameter and not more than 25 mm diameter, kept in readiness
for use during fire emergency. While selecting the place of installation of hose reels, it is to be
seen that no part of the premises is more than 6m from a nozzle when the hoses are fully
extended.
During fire fighting, the fire fighters should dig out and remove the coal in the heated zone as
promptly as possible and then sufficient water can be applied to chill the burning coal below its
ignition point and thereby to extinguish the fire. During fire fighting operation, it is advisable to
keep a safe distance from the coal stock. Sometimes the water that penetrates the stock may
encounter a very hot spot and may be insufficient to quench the same. The water then turns
into steam that bursts out of the pile with considerable force.
The other recommended practice is to insert 50 mm pipes perforated with 9mm holes into the stack
of the affected zone. Water is then supplied through a hose attached to the upper end of the pipes.
This method of fighting coal stack fire is preferred because water can quickly cool the affected burning
coal to below its ignition temperature or cut off the air supply around the area due to formation of
steam.
FIRE FIGHTING FACILITIES
It is proposed to provide the following infra-structural Fire Fighting Services.
a) Underground/Surface Water Tank for Fire Fighting:
As per NBC 2016 Most Critical Water storage is for G+2 Administrative Building which is 10-15 m
Height Category. As per Table-7 of NBC Part -4. The required Capacity of Underground Tank is
50000 Litres.
b) Provision of Fire Fighting as/NBC 2016
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As per Table No. 7 of NBC 2016 Part-4 Fire & life Safety Following Provision are made in the
Proposed Buildings:
Provision of Fire Fighting in Administrative Building
Fire Extinguisher has been proposed.
First Aid Hose reel has been proposed
Down Comer as well as Wet Riser is proposed
Manual Fire Alarm System is Proposed in Staircase & Lobby
Automatic fire Alarm System is proposed in complete building
Yard Hydrant is not required as/NBC But Proposed as the All pumps are required to be
installed
Terrace Tank of 5,000 Litre as Required by NBC-2016 has been proposed on Terrace.
Terrace Pump of 450 LPM is proposed with Terrace Pump for Fire Fighting.
1 No. Main Hydrant Pump of 1620 LPM Is Proposed along with 1 No. diesel pump of 1620 LPM
1 No. Jockey Pumps is Proposed of 180 LPM
Underground Tank of 50,000 Litre is required.
Provision of Fire Fighting for Workshop Building
Fire Extinguisher has been proposed.
First Aid Hose reel has been proposed
Down Comer as well as Wet Riser is proposed
Manual Fire Alarm System is Proposed in Staircase & Lobby
Automatic fire Alarm System is proposed in complete building
Yard Hydrant is not required as/NBC But Proposed as the All pumps are required to be
installed
Terrace Tank of 20,000 Litre as Required by NBC-2016 has been proposed on Terrace.
Terrace Pump of 450 LPM is proposed with Terrace Pump for Fire Fighting.
1 No. Main Hydrant Pump of 1620 LPM Is Proposed along with 1 No. diesel pump of 1620 LPM
1 No. Jockey Pumps is Proposed of 180 LPM
Underground Tank of 75,000 Litre is required.
Provision of Fire Fighting for Ware house
Fire Extinguisher has been proposed.
Yard Hydrant is proposed with First Aid Hose Reel.
Terrace Tank of 10,000 Litre as Required by NBC-2016 has been proposed on Terrace.
Terrace Pump of 450 LPM is proposed with Terrace Pump for Fire Fighting.
1 No. Main Hydrant Pump of 1620 LPM Is Proposed along with 1 No. diesel pump of 1620 LPM
1 No. Jockey Pumps is Proposed of 180 LPM
Underground Tank of 50,000 Litre is required.
Provision of Fire Fighting for Jetty, Coal yard, substation and control room
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Fire hydrant system shall be installed at appropriate locations in berth, coal and break bulk stack yards,
sub-stations and control rooms etc.
INTERNAL FIRE HYDRANT SYSTEM
Administrative Building shall be provided with separate fire hydrant riser connected to the twin outlet
fire hydrant landing valve with fire hose cabinet consisting of swinging hose reel, fire man’s axe, 63 mm
dia canvas hoses and nozzles.
EXTERNAL HYDRANTS / RING /FIRE DEPARTMENT CONNECTION
Externally, a fire fighting ring main of 150 mm diameter shall be provided around Administrative
Building, Workshop and Warehouses. External yard hydrants shall be suitably located at 45
metercentres.
There will be a set of fire department inlet connections with 4 Nos. 63 mm dia male outlets, located
externally. These inlets will have connections to the main riser as well as to the fire hydrant static
storage tank.
PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
Portable fire extinguishers of following type are proposed in Administrative Building, Workshop and
Substation Buildings.
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) fire extinguisher of 4.5 kg. capacity cartridge type conform to IS 2878
/15683
ABC powder type fire extinguisher as per IS : 13849 /15683 of 6 kg capacity
D.C.P. type fire extinguisher 9 kg capacity cartridge type with Gun Metal cap 150 gram CO2 gas
cartridge, powder and brackets conforming to IS 2171-1985 (v). Reference &
Standards used for Design of Building Services
National Building code of India 2016 Part-IV for Fire Fighting Services
National Building Code of India 2016 Part IX Plumbing Services
NOMOGRAM OF HAZEN AND WILLIAM.S EQUATION
IS 2065 : 1983 Code of practice for water supply in buildings (second revision)
SP 35 : 1987 Handbook on water supply and drainage with special emphasis on plumbing
CPHEO Manual for Water Supply System
CPHEO manual for Drainage
3844 : 1989 Code of practice for installation and maintenance of internal fire hydrants and
hose reels on premises (first revision)
15105 : 2002 Design and installation of fixed automatic sprinkler fire extinguishing system
Table 7.20:Bhavanapdu Fire Fighting Resources BHAVANAPADU PORT FIRE FIGHTING RESOURCES –Capacity- Specs Nos
Foam Tender 03
Water Tender 02
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BHAVANAPADU PORT FIRE FIGHTING RESOURCES –Capacity- Specs Nos
DCP Tender 01
Large Trailer pump 01
High Expansion Foam Generator 02
Portable pumps petrol 01
Chain Saw 02
High Volume Long Range Water Monitor 02
Ground Monitor 02
Hose (Delivery Hose for Fire Fighting) 80
Floating Pump 02
Breathing Apparatus Sets 10
Proximity Suit 02
Fire Suits 02
Walkie-Talkie Sets for communication 06
Battery Operated Cutter 01
High Visibility Jacket 12
Lifebuoy 20
Life Jacket 20
Bolt Cutter 02
Safety Helmet 12
Portable Lamp Box 04
Flood Light 03
Fire Man Axe 02
Spade 04
Torch Light 06
Pick Axe 04
Lifting Bag 02
Circular Saw 02
Table 7.21: Fixed Fire Fighting Equipment- Tanker Jetty
Type Nos
Tower Monitor Foam 2
Base Monitor 2
Jumbo Water Curtain 4
Jumbo Jet 14
Hydrants 32
EVACUATION
There are a number of emergencies that could require evacuation. In some instances there must be
immediate evacuation. Full evacuation is often not needed. It should only be done if there is very high
risk to life. The more people to be evacuated, the greater the possibility of casualties during evacuation.
In an emergency, PORT employees and various tenant agencies have a responsibility to assist evacuating
the public.
If the decision is made to evacuate:
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Evacuation must be accomplished quietly, without panic and in an orderly manner. Injuries
suffered during evacuation due to panic or confusion can be as serious as those resulting from
the actual emergency.
Evacuation routes and pre-designated assembly areas should be identified in facility safety
meetings and exercises.
If only a small number of people must be controlled, evacuation instructions should be given in
person.
When a public address system must be used, the evacuation notice must be carefully phrased
to minimize alarm.
Fire alarms should only be used as an evacuation warning when there is no other way to
achieve a swift evacuation.
If time allows, and if available, some with proper expertise may be able to shut down non-
essential equipment.
As personnel evacuate, they should be instructed to take their personal belongings, provided
they can do so quickly.
Evacuated personnel are to gather at pre-designated assembly area and not congregate and
hinder emergency personnel or emergency vehicle access.
Some situations will require immediate evacuation, e.g., earthquake, fire, hazardous materials release,
while other events or the likelihood or anticipation of, e.g., bomb threat, severe weather, volcanic ash,
may also necessitate an evacuation but may allow more time to vacate the premises. These two
conditions merit different approaches.
Table 7.22:Average Number of Labour, Supervisors Within Port/Shift Sl.No Berth Details Mechanical Manual Number of labour employed per shift
1 Iron Ore Berth (IOB) Mechanised 65
2 Coal Berth –I (CHB) Mechanised
3 Quay. I (EQ-1) General 20
4 C.Yard.-I General 20
5 Multipurpose Berth(MPB) General 20
6 DSTB Trawlers 50
Total 175
Visitors 50
Grand Total 225
Table 7.23:Movements Through Gates
GATE 1 GATE 2
Entry for Labour
Trucks -export cargo Trucks export cargo
Office and Guest Cars
Table 7.24: Location of Canteens In Harbour area Berth
Opposite Admin Building -
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Table 7.25:Evacuation Action-Coordination and Specific Follow Up
DEPT & ACTION BY SPECIFIC ACTION
Administration -Secretary 1-Overall Supervision of Evacuation at township & Reports to Chairman
Traffic controller 2-Evacuation of work force at harbour area.
Administration - PRO 3-Announcement of Evacuation through PA on mobile units
Administration -Dy Secy & Estate Officer
4-Arrange Relief Centres ready to accommodate evacuated persons
Administration-Dy.Secy(G) 5-Procure Transport vehicles to transport persons at relief centres
Civil Eng - Addl CE 6-Provide adequate Drinking water at temporary evacuation shelters
Medical - Dy CMO 7-Provide Medicine and First Aid at Assembly points & relief centres
E&M Dept. EE(PED-1) 8-Provide adequate lighting at temporary evacuation shelters
Administration- PRO 9-Provide food at temporary evacuation shelters
Commandant 10-Confirmation that evacuation operations are complete
Administration-Secretary 11-Status Report to Chairman/Dy Chairman every hour
Table 7.26:Evacuation Routes
INCIDENT EVACUATION ROUTES (APPENDIX PORT LAYOUT)
1 Natural Calamities
Assemble near the main Fire station to proceed to the relief centres or to other constructed shelters
2 Toxic Gas Release
The route decision will be determined depending upon the wind direction at the time of the incident. It will be in the upwind direction of the outflow source direction.
3 Fire At Oil Berth Assemble at the fire station to proceed out as directed
4 Fire At Gen. Cargo Berth
Assemble at Gate No 1 or Gate No 2
Table 7.27:Relief Centres
S No Name of Institution Area
1 Pranavi College of Arts and Science Naupada
2 Government High School, Tekkali Vemulada
3 MPUP School, Tekkali Rotari Nagar
4. All cyclone shelters To be established near Naupada railway junction and
Bhavanapadu village
Table 7.28:Food Packets Suppliers
S.NO NAME OF THE AGENCY/HOTELS Area
1 Odiya Hotel Saravapeta
2 NRL Dhaba Srikakulum
3 Jagabandhu Odia Family Dhaba Saravapeta
4 Sudarshana Lodge Ayodhapuram
5 Bihar Bangla Dhaba Tekkali
6 Jagabandhu Dhaba Tharlipeta
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TRANSPORTATION-VEHICLE POOL
As soon as this Action Plan comes into force, the vehicle pool stands formed. The vehicles will be hired
from the following transport pool: Apart from the above E&M Dept. shall hire vehicles from the private
vehicles contractors for emergency work. The list of private vehicle contractors is given below:
Table 7.29:List of private vehicle contractors Sl. No. Name of the Institution to whom vehicles belong Area
1 KVR Travels Rotari Nagar, Tekkali
2 Anandh Travels Borigipeta
3 Travel Tales Jiyyannapeta
4 Pavitra Travels Allu Yogeswararao Santhabommali
All vehicles whether it is of Port or hired should be parked in the location from where it can be taken for
immediate use as soon as the people move into action.
CONTACT WITH RAILWAYS
Deputy Secretary (G) to ensures for the smooth movement of workers/employees for which he may get
in touch with the Station Master Bhavanapadu and apprise him about the situation so that the
movement of staff moves efficiently.
MEDICAL AND FIRST AID
Medical Department personnel respond to the emergency after getting the call. These procedures are
developed to assist them in responding the emergencies in effective manner and deal with preparations
of organizing the medical team after getting the call. Objective of these procedures is to assist
responding team in giving efficient treatment and speedy referrals if necessary.
PROCEDURE:
Record the emergency calls properly and allocates resources.
Ensure availability of life support equipment’s.
Continuously interact through telephone with POC Control Room and Fire Station.
Understand emergency situation from site personnel and Site Incident Controller (SIC).
Decide strategies to respond the emergency in coordination with SIC and get appropriate
assistance.
Receive and provide treatment to casualties.
Arrange additional resources with coordination from Site Incident Controller.
OIL SPILL CONTINGENCY PLAN
This plan delineates the response to the emergency actions to be taken during oil spillage. The major
objectives of this plan are:
Early detection and effective communication system for reporting about oil spill/discharge.
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Accurate collection, situation analysis and dissemination of information related to oil
spill/discharge.
Outlining of a response system, which is both effective and categorised, to counteract the oil
spill/discharge and also ensures safeguard of public health as well as welfare.
Delineation of format for records which is indispensable for successful implementation and
review of this plan.
OIL SPILL RESPONSE ORGANIZATION
The Oil Spill Contingency Plan shall have the organisational structure as shown below. This organization
structure is delineated as per the Guidelines and Inspection Handbook for Pollution Response Facilities
of Ports and Oil Handling Agencies by the Indian Coast Guard (CGBR No. 774).
Figure 7.2 Oil Spill Contingency Organisation
The following Teams shall comprise of the Oil Spill Contingency Response Organisation.
MANAGEMENT TEAM
The management team should have overall responsibility of the spill response operation. Its main
functions relate to:
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Overall execution of the plan.
Determining strategies for priority areas and the various polluted sites.
Reviewing operations.
Gathering and collating information.
Authorising media releases.
Controlling general financial aspects of the operation.
Interacting with other agencies involved in the clean-up operation, GoI agencies, the media and
public.
Preparing formal detailed management and situation reports.
Deciding when to terminate operations.
TECHNICAL TEAM
The technical team should be responsible for the management of all operations at the site of the
incident. On the basis of the oil pollution risk assessment, the technical team working in close
cooperation with the environmental team, should assess the situation, plan and implement the
response operation. The basic function of technical team is as under:
Collecting and evaluating incident information.
Identifying high risk areas.
Determining the best response strategy at each of the various polluted sites.
Monitoring the progress of the operation.
Preparing daily incident logs of operations.
Allocating resources on a priority basis.
Allocating outside contractors to specific sites and tasks.
Implementing the chosen strategy.
Directing the clean-up operations.
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT TEAM
The environmental management team should have extensive, detailed local knowledge of shoreline
habitats and species likely to be affected by clean-up operations. All clean-up operations shall be based
on the zero left over concept for termination of clean-up operation with the all available latest
technologies. The team should be able to provide advice on human health, ecological and amenity
interests. Working in close co-operation with the technical team, this team should fulfil several basic
functions, including provision of advice on:
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Risk and vulnerability of environmental features due to oil pollution.
Possible/probable impacts of the oil.
Priority for protection of sensitive sites.
Effect of clean-up methods on the local environment.
Potential and real effects on human health.
Help to implement the chosen strategies.
Monitoring and ensuring that priorities of clean-up techniques adequately reflect
environmental concerns.
Coordinating all environmental monitoring and sampling programmes.
Providing liaison links with other interested environmental organisations.
FINANCIAL TEAM
The financial team should be responsible for establishing an effective and efficient financial accounting
system and outlining procedures for preparing and submitting compensation claims in advance of an oil
spill incident. It should establish a detailed financial accounting system for effective and efficient
management of the financial aspects of an oil spill incident. The procedures need to be implemented in
advance, wherein all expenditure incurred during an incident can be logged and tracked. Once these
have been determined, all teams must be informed of the correct procedures to be followed in every
transaction that they carry out. It may be accepted that local authorities are responsible for shoreline
clean-up, but economic assistance may not be offered by GoI. Therefore, local authorities should
prepare a budget for the possibility of a major oil spill incident occurring within their area. A
Memorandum of Understanding could be drawn up, taking account of the prospects of the successful
recovery of costs and defining how much expenditure will be allowed and on what services. However, it
is impossible to accurately estimate the level of expenditure that may be incurred during an incident and
it is likely that the constraints of having an approved emergency budget may still have to be lifted
temporarily. Therefore, the financial arrangements cannot be too rigid. The local authorities should,
however, have some means of control over the discretion of those responsible for acquiring necessary
equipment, personnel, etc. to avoid the creation of further unnecessary financial problems.
LOGISTICS TEAM
The logistics team should be responsible for organizing, providing, marshalling and routing essential
personnel, vehicles, equipment, facilities, services and supplies to meet all the requirements of the
teams involved in the incident management. In order to determine the short and long term needs of the
incident, the team should take into account the fact that the incident may last only for few days or, on
the other hand might prolong up to several weeks or months.
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PRESS AND PERSONAL RELATIONS TEAM
In every oil spill incident, media management is one important activity to develop confidence among all
sections of the society and also among the affected parties.
Table 7.30: Oil Spill Response Equipment List S.No. Response Equipment Units Capacity/Dimension
1 Canadyne Fence Boom on reel with power pack M 225
2 Lamour brush skimmer system (12 m3/ h) Sets 2
3 Floating storage tank (25 m3) Nos 2
4 Lamour side collector (123 m3/h) Sets 2
OIL SPILL RESPONSE EQUIPMENT
The oil spill response equipment list is given in Table 7.30. This list shall be finalised after discussion with
Indian Coast Guard officials. The Port control room shall have the following equipment:
Tidal stream gauge: Rate of flow and direction of current.
Tide gauge: Tide height.
Wind gauge: Wind speed and direction.
VHF set with complete range of marine frequencies: Communication
TRAINING, INSPECTION AND DRILL SCHEDULE
The training, inspection and drill schedule for the management team and workers is given in Table 7.31.
Table 7.31: Training, Inspection and Drill Schedule
Training Duration Frequency Participant Remark
IMO Model course 2-5 days Once Key persons By maritime training institute
The list of telephone numbers and contact addresses required in the time of emergency need to be
prepared in the suggested format presented in Table 7.32
Table 7.32: Format for preparation of Telephone directory
Sl.No. Name /Designation Address Phone No.
MUTUAL AID SCHEME
Industrialization is growing rapidly in Andhra Pradesh with increasing number of large and medium scale
industries coming up. In spite of the latest process technology adopted and various safety measures
taken up by the units, there is a possibility of a mishap occurring. If such an eventuality arise, a large
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number of resources will be required in the shortest possible time, fire tenders, fire extinguishing media,
breathing apparatus, personal protective equipment’s etc in order to counter such a mishap. It is not
practicable to maintain such huge inventory by a single unit to meet any eventuality, as the potential
scenarios will vary in magnitude and frequency. So it will be immensely beneficial if the nearby
industries to enter into a Mutual Aid Scheme.
COLLISIONS
Collisions in which the cargo tanks are ruptured are generally accompanied by heavy sparking and
ignition of the leaking gases following the tank rupture. Fire generates heat and it may damage adjoining
tanks. External cooling is unlikely to prevent and best option is to evacuate ship and tow the vessel away
to open sea, safe distance from port.
Table 7.33: Collision: Port Flotilla And Vessels Calling At Bhavanapadu Port
SHIPBOARD-PORT EMERGENCY PLAN COLLISION
Action to be taken Action By Port Action By Vessel
1.Slow down and stop main engines 2.Sound Emergency Alarm: 3.Check for possibility of oil pollution
Master
1-Establish communication with other vessel and exchange information 2-Advise other vessels to keep clear-Hoist NUC Lights 3-Advise port for assistance 4-Advises agents of status requests surveyors-Class- P&I-Salvage association- 5-Secure evidence and maintain adequate records
HM with on-site action group.
1-Inspects/assesses damaged area& in - case of oil leakage determine whether de-berthing of the vessels will increase oil spill rate. 2-Ascertains oil pollution-ascertains leak source 3-Harbourmaster and Master of vessel to inspect vessels 4-Sounds all bilge, ballast and fuel tanks 5-Transfer oil from leaking tanks 6-Effects damage control and temporary repairs to stop oil leakage if any with the assistance of port action group and underwater welding team or salvage group
HM with on-site action group Coast Guard + Salvage efforts
Vessel emergency action group team
1-Provides First Aid 1-Attend engine room controls and services 2-Investigate engine room for damages and water ingress 3-Check steering gear 4-Reports status of the main engine and auxiliaries to Harbour master
HM + Dy. CMO. HM Vessel Engineering team
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Table 7.34: Fire / Explosion Checklist For Use In Emergency SHIPBOARD EMERGENCY PLAN FIRE / EXPLOSION OFF BERTH
INITIAL RESPONSE Cease all cargo and / or bunkering operation: Close manifold valves: Fire squads to position deemed best for fighting the fire: Inform terminal/loading master/bunkering personnel:
Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No
Yes/No
Ch. Eng. / Officer on duty Ch. Eng./ Officer on duty Chief Engineer/ Ch.Off. Master / Officer on duty/ Chief Engineer
SECONDARY RESPONSE Stop air intake into accommodation: Consider to stop non-essential air intake to engine room: Determine the extent of the damage, and decide what damage control measures can be taken: Determine whether there are casualties: Contain the fire and prevent it from spreading to other parts of the vessel: Assess health hazards from smoke: If possible, position the vessel to minimize the wind effect: Start recovering of any casualties: Notify authorities and outside organisation, as appropriate: Evaluate evacuation of non-essential crew:
FURTHER RESPONSE Assess the possibility of pollution from leakage: Fit scupper plugs if spillage on deck: Check all tanks and compartments: Alter trim if necessary: Transfer bunker internally, if required: Require assistance as deemed necessary: Comply with reporting procedures: If required, obtain permission from local authorities and/Or the terminal to continue normal operation
Table 7.35: Bunker Spill/Leakage Checklist for Use in Emergency
Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan Bunker Spill/Leakage
IMMEDIATE ACTION
Consider sounding Emergency Alarm:
Initiate vessel emergency response procedure:
Yes/No
SECONDARY RESPONSE
Consider to stop air intake into accommodation/engine room:
Reduce the tank level by dropping bunker into an empty or slack tank:
Assess fire risk from release of flammable substances, or health hazards from toxic
substances:
Prepare pumps for transfer of bunkers to shore/barge, if necessary:
Prepare spillage overboard, if necessary, by adjusting ship trim:
Contain spill with seals or absorbent materials:
Prepare portable pumps where it is possible to transfer spill into an empty or slack tank:
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Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan Bunker Spill/Leakage
Check scupper plugs for tightness:
Man fire station on deck if necessary:
Consider notification of authorities:
FURTHER RESPONSE
Clean-up as required by using material from provided contingency unit:
Transfer deck washing into slop tank:
Ensure that residues collected in the clean-up operation are stored carefully prior to
disposal:
Comply with reporting procedures:
If required, obtain permission from local authorities and/ or the terminal to continue
normal operation:
Table 7.36: Vessel Grounding In Port- Detailed Action by Port
Action By Marine Dept Details Of Specific Action
1-Master/Pilot Contacts Signal Station on VHF Ch 16 or Ch 14 and informs position of incident
2-Signal Station Informs HM, Dy Conservator and Coast Guard All vessels arriving and departing Bhavanapadu will be informed of the incident
3-Dy Conservator Informs coast guard for rescue of the grounded vessel.
2-Harbour Master Activates the on-site action group and assesses the situation, tide, wind direction, & inform DC. Through the Signal Station Advises all Pilots to report on duty
3- Sr. Pilot/BM/CO(flotilla)
Organises available tugs, launches, and keeps crew stand by and awaits instructions of the HM/Dy Conservator
4-Sr Hydro graphic Surveyor Proceeds by survey launch to vessel and obtains soundings around the vessel by the echo sounder and the hand lead.
6-Master of grounded vessel Records soundings of all tanks and also records draft, arrange soundings by hand lead around the vessel. Examines the soundings and draft around the vessel for transfer of bunkers, ballast or shift cargo to refloat vessel. Tow ropes to be kept ready
7-Master and Harbour Master Commence preparations for towing operations 2 hours before high tide. Vessel engines to be kept stand by to assist in the refloating operations. Takes all anti oil pollution measures.
8-Port , Navy or Coast guard & Salvage efforts
Hull leakages to be attended to by underwater welding by the Navy/coast guard or other available diving firms.
Table 7.37: Sinking Of Vessel In Port
Action By Port Marine Dept
Details Of Specific Action Action By Vessel
HM Ensures vessel is cleared of the channel / turning basin or berths to suitable area for normal traffic.
Activates the vessel action group
Signal Station Informs HM, Dy Conservator of the accident.
HM and Pilots Proceeds to the area with Tugs and conducts Rescue operations. Lower life boats
Dy Conservator Appraise to the Chairman and Dy Chairman and members of the Central Disaster Management group about the incident.
HM / Navy / Coast Guard
HM to initiates the rescue operation of the person on board.
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NATURAL CALAMITIES
7.2.33.1 ON SITE / INHOUSE EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS FOR NATURAL CALAMITIES
A) INCIDENT RESPONSE TEAM
An incident management team shall be constituted at the project site. This team should have the
following personnel:
i) Head of Port operations,
ii) Control room officer,
iii) Health and Safety officer
iv) Environment Management Cell
v) Department Heads,
vi) Security Officers
This team should have the details of people on duty and their locations on daily basis. The
evacuation plan should be available with the team. This team should have control on the emergency
alarm. One staff should be designated to inspect the preparedness on a daily basis.
Figure 7.3: Response Team Chart
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B) EMERGENCY ALARM
An emergency alarm /siren should be in place at the site area. The details of agencies competent
enough for issuing warning or alert pertaining to various types of disasters are given below. In case of
emergency when warning is given, the alarm at the site can be instantly activated and the vigilant
team including the emergency response team can immediately start the evacuation and rescue
operation. All the workers also should be advised to vacate and move to the designated safe places.
C) EMERGENCY RESCUE KIT
Minimum rescue resources should be kept in readiness. The following emergency rescue kit to be kept
at the site.
Lifesaving jackets
100 and 200 ft. ropes
Flashlights
Extra batteries
Battery operated radio
First aid kit etc.
D) ASSEMBLY POINT
Evacuation of people from risk areas is the priority when early warning is received, or the natural
warning sign indicates the immediate arrival of cyclone, Tsunami wave or rise of storm surge.
Evacuation plan describes the time span available before and during the Tsunami or storm surge
event. When facing local threat, evacuation procedures most possibly will have the character of a
'runaway effort' and people should not expect to receive much institutional support. The primary
objective should be bringing as many people as possible out of the reach of impact to safe or
'relatively safe' areas. Therefore, necessary steps have to be taken in advance to enable and
support the community at risk to protect themselves at any time.
Assembly points close to the open space of each building should be identified and marked with
appropriate sign boards which should be known to all employees. A mock drill should be carried out
every six months so that it acts as training as well as alertness to the employees.
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E) COORDINATION WITH GOVERNMENTAL AGENCIES
After the 2004 Tsunami affected the Indian sub-continent, the following organizations are involved on
watch and cautioning the government and public in the event of possibility of occurrence of Tsunami.
As a part of Tsunami hazard mitigation, warning systems have been established in India by the
coordination of the following organizations.
National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), New Delhi.
Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS), Hyderabad.
Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), New Delhi.
Srikakulum District Collectorate
Table 7.38: Contact Details of International and National Agencies
Organization Address Email ID Contact Number
NDMA NDMA Bhavan, A-1 Safdarjang Enclave, New Delhi -110029.
Source segregation of waste and storage at site using waste bins.
Through authorized vendors
Construction waste/debris
Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste Management Rules, 2016
Part of construction waste shall be used to strengthen the low-lying area of project site/ for approach road construction.
Through authorized vendors
Figure 10.2: Segregation Process from Identified Zones
LAND ENVIRONMENT
During construction phase, lot of ancillary developments like shops, restaurant, repair shops, etc. may
develop around the area. This may lead to additional load on the existing infrastructure in the area. The
following measures are recommended to be taken during construction phase:
Excavated material will be properly collected and stored within the project area.
Unwanted material will be properly disposed off in designated areas in consultation with the
Municipality.
All wastes, unused construction materials and construction equipment shall be removed from
the construction site after completion of the construction activities.
Hazardous wastes, generated during construction phase will be segregated in two categories
viz. usable and non-usable. Usable fractions will be handed over to the registered waste
recyclers and the non-usable fractions will be disposed off in consultation with the Municipality.
Recyclable solid waste be segregated & handed over to Material Management division for
recyclable. Non-recyclable waste to be handed over to Municipal authority.
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Proper storage and site practices would be encouraged to minimise the potential for damage or
contamination of construction materials.
Training of site personnel in proper waste management procedures would be undertaken.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
The impact on nearby settlements during construction phase will be due to air pollution and the noise
generating activities. However, the activities are limited to the construction phase and will cease upon
completion of the construction. Hence, this impact is considered to be negligible and therefore can be
classified as insignificant.
The dust suppression measures such as sprinkling of water and suitable enclosures around the high
noise generating areas within construction area will be provided.
The noise generating equipment will be provided with suitable enclosures such that cumulative noise
will be within permissible limits.
BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
The proposed project is construction of port. It is advisable; tree cutting should be avoided during the
construction phase.
There is average number of vegetation present near proposed project premises. Biodiversity for
trees, shrubs and herbs indicates medium biodiversity in the area.
According to primary and secondary survey, a total of 140 tree species belonging to 49 families
were found in the study area. The primary and secondary survey reveals the presence of 69
shrub species in the study area and its environs.
As per the floristic study of project area, there are no rare and endangered species are found.
Small patched of mangrove are noticed in the port site with species such as Avicennia marina,
Mangrove plantation plan is proposed with budgetary provisions
A total of 15 mammalian species reported from the study area. A total of 10 species of
Amphibians and 33 species of reptiles were recorded during the survey period. Among the 22
species of reptiles 2 were turtles, 13 were lizards and 7 were snakes.
During the field surveys a total of 111 species were sighted. Out of the total 111 avi-faunal
species 25 species are migratory birds (Winter & Summer visitors).
Out of the total 15 mammalian species recorded from the study area Seven (07) species were
classified under Scheduled-II (Par-I) and Three (03) species under Schedule-III and four (04)
species under Schedule-IV. While No mammalian Species were listed under Schedule-I of the
Wildlife (Protection), Act, 1972.
No mammalian species is listed under IUCN Red list of Threatened Species Version 2019.3 as
Rare, Endangered and Threatened (RET) Species.
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With regards to amphibian species two (02) species were listed under Schedule-IV while no
schedule-I, II & III species were found in the study area. Similarly no herpetofauna of ecological
importance were found in the study area as per IUCN Red List.
Among Reptiles One (01) Schedule-I, three (03) Schedule-II and One (01) Schedule-IV species
were found in the study area. With regards to IUCN Red list of Threatened Species Version
2019.3 as Rare, Endangered and Threatened (RET) Species, three (03) Vulnerable and three (03)
Near Threatened Reptile species were found in the study area.
With regards to the avifaunal species one (01) Schedule-I were reported/observed in the study
area, whereas three (05) avi-faunal specie are listed as Near Threatened (NT) and one (01)
species is listed under Vulnerable category of IUCN Red list of Threatened Species Version
2019.3.
10.1.14.1 Impacts
Tekkali creek which is supporting piscivorous birds and mangroves is adjacent to the proposed port
development, appropriate mitigation measures are to be taken during construction and operation
phase. In appropriate management methods and unscientific approach may lead to adverse effects on
the surrounding creek.
10.1.14.2 Mitigation measures
All care shall be taken that trees shall be protected as far as possible while site clearing and
infrastructure development.
No construction waste shall be disposed to nearby creek area
No construction activities to be conducted during night time
In consultation with Forest Department, more than twice number of the trees will be planted in
lieu of trees removed.
No construction activity will be allowed during the monsoon season so as to avoid breeding
period of fishes.
Use of silt curtains is recommended to confine areas of high turbidity during dredging and pile
diving.
Controlled dumping of the dredged material will be carried out beyond 20 m depths in the sea
as a designated site.
Areas with high fish yield or used by locals for fishing shall be avoided.
Appropriate selection of equipment for pile driving and dredging.
Providing silt screen to avoid movement suspended solid for a longer distance.
Uniform disposal of dredged material at identified disposal location.
A well planned implementation programme based on contractors dredge management plan.
Compensatory Mangrove Conservation Plan and Biodiversity plan is developed for the Scheduled I
species is prepared with budgetary provisions.
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10.2 GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT
Green belt is plantation of trees for reducing the pollution as they absorb both gaseous and particulate
pollutant, thus removing them from atmosphere. Green plants form a surface capable of absorbing air
pollutants and forming sinks for pollutants, it improves the aesthetic value of local environment. Green
belts are planned open spaces safeguarded from developmental activities such as construction of
buildings, factories, any other infrastructural activities; these areas are used only for growing vegetation
cover. Green belts in and around industrial areas are important for maintaining ecological health of the
region.
Source oriented approach is advantageous where a single industry is situated and the pollutants emitted
by the same are sought to be contained. The receptor-oriented approach is desirable in urban /
industrial complexes with multiple sources of pollution are present along with human settlements in
between. Generally, it is stated that tolerant species should be planted in green belts, other aspects
considered for selection of green belts viz. bio-geographic regions, soil quality, distance between
species, width and height with reference to pollution source, ideal density of plants, etc.
Greenbelt development will be carried out in and around the proposed port along the roadside and on
the vacant areas to reduce pollution as well as to improve aesthetic value within port premises. Species
recommended by Forest department will be selected on the basis of air pollution tolerance index of
tree. During the development of the green belt within the project area, it has to be emphasized that
those native plant species should be planted which are good ornamental values and are fast growing
with excellent canopy cover.
OBJECTIVES OF GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT PLAN
The Greenbelt Development has the following objectives:
Moderating the effect of wind and incoming radiation To arrest soil erosion at the embankment slopes To reduce the impact of ever-increasing noise pollution caused due to increase in number of
Vehicles Provide a shelter belt around the project area for dust absorption and and habitat to the local
fauna Improve ambient air quality and increase aesthetic value Conserve soil and moisture and provide healthy climatic conditions Create awareness for environmental conservation and tree planting
Coastal plantation:
Government of India has initiated and created a greenbelt along the coastal zone on newly accreted
land, the riverine coastal belt and abandoned embankments. The coastal Greenbelt is the measure to
prevent coastal erosion and reduce other natural hazards by planting trees and creating forests along
the coasts. To protect the embankment from tidal surges through planting on its outer slope, and to
protect life and property in the region by embankment plantings, as well as planting in the agricultural
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hinterland are of two main functions in coastal greenbelt. Casuarina equisetifolia, Cassia auriculiformis,
Eucalyptus globulus & Borassus flabellifer are the species selected for coast side dense plantation.
Rail & Road Corridor Plantation:
The road landscape is developed to maintain visual characteristics and uniformity in terms of landscape
along the stretch. To achieve this, the entire stretch of the project corridor has been divided into
homogenous landscape sections based on similarity in terms of available width, soil conditions, climate
(temperature and rainfall) and topography. A study on the local flora and vegetative cover native to
these sections was carried out as part of the field surveys to enable a choice of the suitable species for
particular section. Depending on the available ROW, plantation pattern has been
The first row along the road will be of small to medium sized ornamental trees.
Subsequent rows depending on the availability of width will comprise of ornamental and/or
shade bearing species, of more height than those in the first row. In rural sections the last row
will always be of shade bearing tall trees.
Planting of herbaceous species as ground cover, special landscapes, and embankment slopes.
Turfing with grass, special landscapes, and embankment slopes.
Block Plantations in Port:
Adequate green peripheral buffers (15m) are provided all along the port boundary. Adequate green
buffer of 50m will be maintained near Mangroves CRZ IA (as per norms), etc. and green buffers are
proposed near reserve forests will serve as lung space for the port. Tekkali Creek flows from North West,
a buffer of 100 m or width of the creek as per CRZ regulation is proposed and green areas will be
developed in the buffer area.
In overall Bhavanapadu Greenfield port area, an area of 218 acres (26.4%) is proposed under green
area.
Greenbelt is planned in 3 tiers i.e. Trees, Shrubs and Small bushes. These 3-tier plantation comprises of
native species as lower tier, bushes and shrubs as middle tier and trees as upper tier.
Indicative Sketch of Three Tier Greenbelt Development
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10.2.1.1 Cost estimations for Greenbelt Development
An area of 218 ac. (88.09 ha) is earmarked for green areas and greenbelt development apart from green
belt within the port. There are block plantations within the project site. Typical industrial greenbelt on
all sides of the plant site with 5 to 10 m width patches and strips of greenbelt with a spacing of 2.5 m x
2.5 m (2500 trees per Ha) Using Model plantation and Enriched Plantation. Approximately 220225
numbers of trees are proposed to be planted in Bhavanapadu Phase I Port. The survival of the plantation
shall be monitored frequently and survival rate of the plantation during operational phase shall not be
less than 80%.
A capital cost of Rupees 3.40 Crores shall be earmarked for this purpose and Rupees 1.02 Crores shall be
allocated for recurring expenses per annum towards green belt development and maintenance. The
capital and recurring cost will be spent over a period of time based on the port development plan.
10.2.1.2 Species for Plantation
The selection of plant species for the development depends on various factors such as climate, elevation
and soil. The plants would exhibit the following desirable characteristics in order to be selected for
plantation.
The species should be wind-firm and deep rooted.
The species should be fast growing and providing optimum penetrability.
The species should form a dense canopy.
As far as possible, the species should be indigenous and locally available.
Species tolerance to air pollution like SO2 and NO2 should be preferred.
There should be no large gaps for the air to spill through.
Trees with high foliage density, leaves with larger leaf area and hairy on both the surfaces.
Ability to withstand conditions like inundation and drought.
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Sl.No Particular of Work Quantity Rate/Man day per unit Total Man day Total Amount (Rs)
8 Erection of poles 64 Rs 80/ Pole 0 5120
Total Fencing cost (C) 49877.47
Total Cost First year 89325.07
Second Year - Plantation Work
A. Labour oriented works
1 Carriage of plant raised in nursery over a distance of 45 Km 550 No. 170/100 No. 0 935 2 Carriage of plants from road side to plantation site by manual labour
up to 2 Km 500 0.4Man day/100 No 2 636
3 Planting saplings in pits 500 1.8 man-days/100 No 9 2862 4 Carrying out first weeding, nirai operations and application of fertilizer
and pesticides including replacing of dead plants of previous year 500 1.25 man-days/100 No. 6.25 1987.5
5 Carrying out second weeding, nirai operations and application of fertilizer and pesticides including replacing of dead plants of previous year
500 1 man-days/100 No. 5 1590
6 Spraying pesticides and insecticides 500 0.6 man day/100 No. 3 954 7 Applying Irrigation 1 job L.S. 0 1600 8 Clearing of Fire lines 180 RM 2.25 man-days/Km 0.41 128.8
Total Labour oriented Works cost (A) 10693.3
B. Material Component
1 Cost of fertilizer (DAP/Urea) and Pesticides @ 40g and 10g / plant respectively
25 Kg 24 Rs/kg 0 600
2 Cost of Diesel for Irrigation 1 Job L.S. 0 1000 3 Contingency 1 Job L.S. 0 200 Total Material Component Cost (B) 1800 Total Second Year 12493.3
Third Year - Maintenance
A. Labour oriented works
1 Repair of fencing 1 ha. 2 man day/ha. 2 700 2 Cost of replacing of dead plants (10% mortality) 50 Rs 15 /No. 0 750 3 Carriage of plant raised in nursery over a distance of 45 Km 50 No. 170/100 No. 0 85 4 Carriage of plants from road side to plantation site by manual labour
up to 2 Km 50 0.4Man day/100 No 0.2 70
5 Carrying out first weeding, nirai operations and application of fertilizer 500 1.25 man-days/100 No. 6.25 2187.5
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Sl.No Particular of Work Quantity Rate/Man day per unit Total Man day Total Amount (Rs)
and pesticides including replacing of dead plants of previous year
6 Carrying out second weeding, nirai operations and application of fertilizer and pesticides including replacing of dead plants of previous year
500 1 man day/100 No. 5 1750
7 Spraying pesticides and insecticides 500 0.6 man day/100 No. 3 1050 8 Applying Irrigation 1 job L.S. 0 1600 9 Clearing of Fire lines 180 RM 2.25 man day/Km 0.41 143.5 Total Labour oriented Works cost (A) 8336
B. Material Component
1 Cost of fertilizer (DAP/Urea) and Pesticides @ 40g and 10g / plant respectively
25 Kg 24 Rs/kg 0 600
2 Cost of Diesel for Irrigation 1 Job L.S. 0 1000
3 Contingency 1 Job L.S. 0 200
Total Material Component Cost (B) 1800
Total Third Year 10136
Fourth Year - Second year of Maintenance
A. Labour oriented works
1 Carrying out first weeding, nirai operations and application of fertilizer and pesticides including replacing of dead plants of previous year
500 1.25 man-days/100 No. 6.25 2406.25
2 Applying Irrigation 1 job L.S. 0 1950 3 Watch and ward 1 job L.S. 0 3000 Total Labour oriented Works cost (A) 7356.25
B. Material Component
1 Cost of Diesel for Irrigation 1 Job L.S. 0 1100
2 Contingency 1 Job L.S. 0 200
Total Material Component Cost (B) 1300
Total Fourth Year 8656.25
Fifth Year - Third year of Maintenance
A. Labour oriented works
1 Fencing repair 1 ha. 2 man-days/ha. 2 848 2 Watch and ward 1 job L.S. 0 3300 Total Labour oriented Works cost (A) 4148
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Sl.No Particular of Work Quantity Rate/Man day per unit Total Man day Total Amount (Rs)
B. Material Component
1 Contingency 1 Job L.S. 0 220
Total Material Component Cost (B) 220
Total Fifth Year 4368
Sixth Year - Fourth year of Maintenance
A. Labour oriented works
1 Watch and ward 1 job L.S. 0 3600 Total Labour oriented Works cost (A) 3600
B. Material Component
1 Contingency 1 Job L.S. 0 240
Total Material Component Cost (B) 240
Total Sixth Year 3840
Seventh Year - Fifth year of Maintenance
A. Labour oriented works
1 Watch and ward 1 job L.S. 0 4000 Total Labour oriented Works cost (A) 4000 B. Material Component 1 Contingency 1 Job L.S. 0 300 Total Material Component Cost (B) 300
Total Seventh Year 4300
Abstract of Cost of Plantation and Maintenance
First year-preparation 89325.07
Second Year-Plantation 12493.30
Third year-First year of Maintenance 10136.00
Fourth year-Second year of Maintenance 8656.25
Fifth year-Third year of Maintenance 4368.00
Sixth year-Fourth year of Maintenance 3840.00
Seventh year-Fifth year of Maintenance 4300.00
Total Cost 133118.62
Say Rs 1.33lakh
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Table 10-4 Total Cost Estimation for Green Belt Location for Green belt Area (ha) Capital Cost (lakh) Recurring cost(lakh) Total Cost(lakh)
Port and Harbour back up Area 80.94 313.24 93.89 407.13
Rood connectivity Area 7.15 27.67 8.294 35.96
Total Cost 443.09
Total area for green belt development is about 88.09 ha over which 2500 saplings would be planted per ha. Cost of Model plantation which is
amount to approx @INR 3.68 lacks per ha and Cost of Enrichment Plantation which is amount to aprox @INR 1.33 lacks per ha. Total cost
estimated for 88.94 (ha) green belt is @INR 4.4 Crores.
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OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH MANAGEMENT PLAN
OHSMP provides a systematic approach to meeting this requirement and the expectations workers and
other parties accessing port be
Safe workplaces, plant and systems of work;
Information, instruction training and supervision;
Consultation and cooperation with safety and health representatives;
Provision of adequate personal protective clothing and equipment to protect
Against hazards which cannot be eliminated; and arrangements in place such that the use,
cleaning, maintenance, transportation and disposal of plant, and the use, handling processing,
storage, transportation and disposal of substances are carried out in a manner such that
employees are not exposed to hazards.
Implementing occupational health can result in reducing accidents and at the same time safety
measures will reduce the port accident too. Different tasks in navigational services and handling services
to cargos are shown in table Table 10-5 and
Table 10-6.
Table 10-5 Different tasks in navigational services to ships Tasks during navigational
aids to ships
Occupational health risk factors Safety risk factors
Ship-shore telecommunication
Navigational aids
Anchorage
Pilot age
Locking
Towing
Mooring & unmooring
Berthing
Inappropriate working level
Shift work
Long time sitting position
Noise
Inappropriate colors of vts monitors
Electromagnetic waves
Low light or glow
Precise work (high attention)
Vibration
Movement of heavy items
Wrong working posture
Fall from height
Collision with moving objects
smash with mooring ropes
Fall to the sea
Danger of loose gears1
Dragging of tugboat toward ship
Losing tug boat power during
maneuvering
Table 10-6 Different tasks in handling services to cargos
Tasks during handling services to
cargo
Occupational health risk factors Safety risk factors
Lashing/unlashing
Opening/closing of holds
Handling on board
Quay transfer
Delivery/reception
Inappropriate working posture
Shift work
Long time sitting position
Height
Ultraviolet waves
Cold/ heat
Humidity
Fall from height
Smash with moving objects
Collision with lifting appliances
Fall of cargos
Fire
Explosion
Fall to the sea
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Tasks during handling services to
cargo
Occupational health risk factors Safety risk factors
Precise work
Movement of heavy tools
Dangerous cargos
High speed operation
Chemicals and gases
Dust from cargoes
Confined space
Collision with transfer vehicles
Workers trapped by objects
RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY CONSERVATION PLAN
A key component in achieving energy efficiency would be the development of an energy management
action plan. This can range from simple work environment procedure to installation of real time energy
monitoring system. Best way to conserve energy is to save energy.
Energy will be consumed for operation of port and administrative activities. However, main area of
energy demand will be from loading & unloading operations and transportation of cargoes. Energy will
be consumed in the form of fuel and electricity.
Energy consumption and related emissions are contributing factor to GHG. Hence, proponent shall make
effort to optimize and manage energy consumption. Following approach shall be considered to manage
energy.
Formulate energy reduction plan (energy policy).
Conduct energy audit.
Identification of high consumption energy sources and reduction potential.
Monitoring system to evaluate energy consumption.
Optimum use of fuel for operation and road vehicle
Energy conservation measures which can be implemented during construction and operational
phase is given below.
Construction phase
Switch off construction equipment when not in use.
Switch off vehicles when they are in queue (at entry gate/loading & unloading area etc.).
Regular maintenance of equipment to ensure optimum operation and fuel efficiency.
Efficient work scheduling to minimize equipment idle time and material double handling.
Use construction debris to construct approach road.
Operation phase
Use energy efficient electrical appliances and cargo handling equipment.
Regular maintenance of equipment to ensure optimum operation and fuel efficiency.
Provide optimum lighting. Switch off lights, equipment & vehicles when not in use.
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handling equipment.
Rationalization of truck arrivals inside jetty premises.
Follow CPCB guidelines for purchase of DG sets.
Use LED lighting system.
10.1.1 CARGO MANAGEMENT PLAN
No handling of liquid cargo will be undertaken under this project, thus impact due to liquid cargo
spillage, odour, etc. are not applicable.
Leaching and run-off of contaminants in storm water: Run-off and the percolation of run- off
can cause adverse environmental impacts on the surface of the storage area, adjacent land,
surface water and groundwater and create contaminated sediments causing problems for
post dredging.
Generation of dust: Due to handling of dry bulk materials and blowing of dust from stack
yard.
72. Best management practice
Controlling storm water run-off: Stack yard should be kept compacted with steep sides and sloping
top. This will minimize the pollutant load during rain events compared to loosely constructed pile
with a wide base, gently sloping sides and a flat or slightly sloped top.
Stack yard shall be made impervious in nature, preferably with concrete or asphalt.
Surface runoff from stack yard area shall be directed to drainage channel connecting septic tank
– soak pit system/dump pond. Provision for screens/sedimentation tank shall be made to filter
suspended solids. Collected sediments shall be disposed off following statutory norms.
Inspecting storage areas after rainfall; observe run-off or storm water migration and
implement preventive measures, if required.
Maintaining an accurate, up to date inventory of materials delivered and stored on-site.
Surface runoff from wharf area shall be managed through dry sweeping. No washing and
disposal into CRZ/creek area shall be adopted.
Controlling dust generation:
Water sprinkling will be provided.
Suspend unloading/loading operation during unfavourable weather conditions.
Regularly inspection of dry bulk storage yard, facilities and handling equipment to ensure
proper operation is maintained.
Regular sweeping of storage area shall be ensured.
Development of green belt is suggested with native species
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10.3 COMPENSATORY MANGROVE CONSERVATION PLAN
Mangroves are the plant communities occurring in inter-tidal zones along the coasts of tropical and sub-
tropical countries. They are one of the most productive ecosystems. Mangroves represent a rich and
diverse living resource and are valuable to both the economy and protection of coastal environments.
The mangrove ecosystem is dynamic, in both location and composition, and has great resilience with the
ability to restore itself after heavy damage, as long as seed sources and water flow are maintained.
There are also many economic benefits from mangrove resources; like as a source of firewood, self-
replenishing areas of fishery resources.
MANGROVE FORESTS IN ANDHRA PRADESH:
The mangrove forests in Andhra Pradesh are located in the estuaries of the Godavari and the Krishna
rivers. The Godavari mangroves are located in Godavari estuary of East Godavari district and the Krishna
mangroves in Krishna estuary of Krishna and Guntur districts. Small patches were also present along the
coast of Srikakulam, Visakhapatnam,West Godavari, Guntur, Prakasam and Nellore districts.
10.3.1.1 Mangrove forests in Study Area:
Bhavanapadu Mangroves:
The estuarian habitat of Tekkali creek supports dwarf mangroves, marine fauna and wetland birds,
which are considered as an important ecosystem asset for the region. The establishment of mangroves
by the forest department has improved the habitat by attracting fauna to dwell in it.
Mangroves are located along the Tekkali creek starting from Bhavanapadu fishing harbour to Mulapeta
and Naupada spreading around 4 sq km, Forest department is conducting mangrove plantation
programs on regular basis.
Dwarf mangroves dominated by Avicennia marina followed Rhizophora mucronate, Bruguiera cylindrica
and Ceriops decandra. Habitat setup of Mangroves at Tekkali creek are shown in Figure 10.4.
Mangrove patch towards Mulapeta Mangrove patch towards Naupada
Figure 10.4 Mangroves at Tekkali Creek
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10.3.1.2 Mangrove in the port premises:
Small mangrove patches were noticed in the proposed development in the tune of 6.21 acres which
constitute 5.32 acres in the port site near the proposed general cargo storage, 0.23 acres in the
proposed rail corridor and 0.66 acres in the proposed rail corridors.
Following conservation plan is proposed for development of 13 acres of mangroves in the degraded
mangrove patches in the Tekkali creek which will certainly help in safeguarding the mangroves in the
surrounding area.
MANGROVE PLANTATION PROGRAM:
Methodology for Plantation program was adopted from M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation
Chennai, India by R. Ramasubramanian and T. Ravishankar 2004.
10.3.2.1 Canals Preparation:
Canals were designed like fishbone in order to facilitate easy inflow and outflow of tidal water. The main
canals were dug at an angle of 450 to the natural creek. The side canals were dug at an angle of 300 to
the main canal as shown in Figure 10.5 . Pegs and chalk powder were used for marking the canals.
Figure 10.5 Main canal and side canal preparations
The canal dimensions were determined as per the contour levels and the tidal amplitude of the area
chosen for plantation. The canals were dug in a trapezoidal shape in order to plant the saplings at the
mid-level of the canal. This is to ensure that the plants receive tidal water, but at the same time they are
not submerged.
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Figure 10.6: Design for the canal preparations
10.3.2.2 Geomorphology and hydrology:
The levees are formed due to the deposition of silt during floods. The soil subsided in the clear felled
area due to changes in bulk density, making the topography saucer-shaped. As a result, tidal water
entering in during the highest of the high tides stagnates in the saucer shaped area due to the elevation
of the edges. The temperature and the salinity of the stagnant water increases and shoots up to 114 ppt
during summer. This phenomenon prevents natural regeneration of the mangroves and thus enhances
the process of degradation. The area gets flooded only during the monsoon period and cyclones and
storms.
Restoration of the mangroves can be done only when the salinity of the planted area is brought down.
In order to reduce the salinity, fishbone type canals were dug and tidal flushing and draining of stagnant
water was facilitated. This will result in brining the salinity levels to 60 ppt in summer to fresh water
level during monsoon seasons. After a buffer period of three months, the nursery-raised mangrove
saplings were planted along the trapezoid shaped canals in the degraded areas.
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Figure 10.7 Cross section of canals with dimensions
10.3.2.3 Species Selection:
Based on the salinity levels of soil, mangrove species namely
Avicennia marina,
Avicennia officinalis and
Excoecaria agallocha
Will be selected for planting in the selected areas. Reason being that these species could tolerate wide
range of salinity. Normally the soil salinity of the degraded area is about 140 ppt during summer. To
reduce the high soil salinity, tidal flushing was facilitated by constructing canals as described in the
previous pages.
Due to this, the soil salts are slowly leached out and the soil salinity is reduced gradually. The reduction
in salinity improved the survival percentage and also reduced the saline stress to the young seedlings.
The planting was done during October and November, after the southwest monsoon. During that period
the rainwater reduces the salinity further. The salinity of the creek water is also low (about 10-15 ppt).
10.3.2.4 Plantations:
The canals were constructed with a depth of 0.7 m to 1.0 m near the bunds of the creeks or the rivers
and 0.45 m inside. The depth of the main canal varied from 0.45 to 1.0 m and the side canals from 0.6 to
0.45 m as per the contour. The top width of the main canal was between 3.5 m and 2 m and the
respective bottom width was between 1 m and 0.4 m The dimensions of the side canals were 2 m top
width, 0.4 m bottom width and 0.45 m depth. The distance between the two side canals was 12.5 m
during the first year of plantation. The planting of mangrove saplings was done 2 m apart along the
canals at about 20 cm down the slope as shown in Figure 10.8.
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In the subsequent years, distance between side canals was reduced to 8 m in order to ensure dense
canopy. As the canals were dug closely the dimension of the side canals was reduced accordingly to 1.25
m top width, 0.2 m bottom width and 0.4 m deep.
Figure 10.8 Plantation method
10.3.2.5 De-silting of canals:
The bunds formed by the deposition of the excavated soil during canal digging will silt the canals during
the monsoon seasons. The silted canals have to be de-silted before the onset of summer, because
during summer the tidal amplitude is generally low.
Tidal flushing is very important during summer because the soil salinity will shoot up due to high
temperature and cause damage to the roots of the seedlings. Such seedlings will be replanted in the
following monsoon season.
The survival percentage is measured in the initial period for better monitoring. Initially the growth rate
was slow and after 2 to 3 years the seedling growth rate was faster. The natural regeneration of the
seedlings also occurs simultaneously. After four years, the planted saplings start bearing fruits, which
will regenerate, and the density of the area will increase.
Table 10-7 Budgetary estimates for Mangrove Plantation
S.No. Activity Unit/Item in acres
Amount per unit
Total Amount in INR lakhs
1 Community mobilization- Micro plan preparation and awareness
1
100000
2 Canal digging/ canal construction including machinery and labour
13 140000 18,20,000
3 Nursery raising 13 60000 780000 4 Plantation for first two years 13 50000 650000 5 Desilting for first three years 13 40000 520000 6 Fencing for first two years 13 25000 325000
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S.No. Activity Unit/Item in acres
Amount per unit
Total Amount in INR lakhs
7 Monitoring for first two years 13 23500 305500
Grand Total 45,00,500/-
Roundoff in INR 45,00,000/-
Forty-Five lakhs will be incurred for developing 13 acres of mangroves in the degraded areas of Tekkali
creek @ INR 3,50,000/- per acre.
Benefits:
Ecological and Socio-economic benefits to the local community will be rewarding in the long run
Water regime will be established
Protection from cyclones and floods
10.4 WILDLIFE CONSERVATION PLAN FOR SCHEDULE I SPECIES
BACKGROUND
The IUCN Red List is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of
plant and animal species. It uses a set of criteria to evaluate the extinction risk of thousands of species
and subspecies. These criteria are relevant to all species and all regions of the world. With its strong
scientific base, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List is recognized as the
most authoritative guide to the status of biological diversity. The Red list of threatened species,
prepared by IUCN has listed 132 species of plants and animals as Critically Endangered (CR), the most
threatened category, from India during its assessment in 2019 Ver-3. Plants seemed to be the most
threatened life form with 60 species being listed as Critically Endangered (CR) and 141 as Endangered
(EN). The Critically Endangered (CR) list included 18 species of amphibians, 14 fishes and 10 mammals.
There are also 15 bird species in the category. The agency listed 310 species as endangered (EN) ones,
including 69 fishes, 38 mammals and 32 amphibians.
Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972, amended on 17thJanuary 2003, is an Act to provide for the protection
of wild animals, birds and plants and for matters connected therewith or ancillary or incidental thereto
with a view to ensuring the ecological and environmental security of the country. Some of the sighted
fauna was given protection by the Indian Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 by including them in different
schedules. During the survey, a total of three (03) Schedule I species including two (02) reptiles and one
(01) avifaunal species were reported in the Bhavanapdu port and its environs (10 km radius).
DECLINE OF WILDLIFE
Biological evolution on earth is associated with extinction of older species and descent of new species
but the disappearance of species from the surface of the earth has speeded up 1000 to 10,000 times as
compared to the natural disappearance, due to destructive activities of man. Important reasons for
decline of wildlife are:
Fragmentation, degradation and loss of habitat
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Hunting and poaching
Man-animal conflict
Pollution
Climate change
Overexploitation
OBJECTIVES OF CONSERVATION PLAN
To prepare the list of flora and fauna of the proposed Bhavanapdu Port and its environs falling
within 10-kilometer radius area from the project site and classification as per schedules of
Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.
To evaluate the ecological sensitivity of the area.
To explore whether the area forms a corridor for any scheduled wildlife.
To locate the Sanctuary, National Park, Bio-sphere reserve, Tiger/ Elephant reserve or notified
Eco- sensitive zones falling in 10-kilometer radius area from the proposed site.
To evaluate the possible threat of wildlife in the area and possible impact of mining on flora
and fauna.
To prepare a comprehensive Conservation Plan for the schedule I faunal species (Table 4.1)
MAMMALS, BIRDS &HERPETOFAUNA OF THE PROJECT AREA (10 KM RADIUS)
(BELONGING TO SCHEDULE I OF WILDLIFE (PROTECTION) ACT, 1972
Table 10-8: List of Schedule I species
S.No. Common Name Scientific name Wildlife Schedule
Reptiles
1. Indian Monitor Lizard Varanus bengalensis Schedule I (Part II)
2. Indian Rock Python Pyhton molurus Schedule I (Part II) Avifauna (Birds)
1. Indian Peafowl Pavo cristatus Schedule I
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CONSERVATION STATUS OF REPTILES
Indian Monitor Lizard (Varanus bengalensis)
Taxonomy
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family
Animalia Chordata Reptilia Squamata Varanidae
Taxon name: Varanus bengalensis
(Daudin, 1802)
Common name: Bengal Monitor Lizard,
Clouded Monitor, Common Indian
Monitor
Asssessment Information
Red List Category & Criteria: Near
Threatened A2d ver 3.1
Year Published: 2021
Date Assessed: June 8, 2018
Justification
The species is heavily hunted in a variety of habitats across South Asia and continental Southeast Asia.
Extreme local declines have been reported within 30 years (estimated to correspond to three
generations) for most of Southeast Asia outside Malaysia. If the Southeast Asian Varanus nebulosus is
revalidated as a full species, it will consequently likely warrant a Vulnerable or Near Threatened listing,
although Southeast Asian populations of V. bengalensis as presently understood rather reflect a
geographically restricted distribution. More data on rates of any decline in India are needed, the main
part of the global range. It is strongly suspected that local population declines of em style="">V.
bengalensis will increase across the species' global range, and the species appears to be close to
qualifying for a threatened category, and is therefore assessed Near Threatened.
Previously Published Red List Assessments
2010 - Least Concern (LC) https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T164579A5909661.en
eat a lot of vertebrate prey, such as toads and frogs and their eggs, fish, lizards, snakes, rats, squirrels,
hares, musk shrews, and birds, in addition to invertebrates.
Threats in the Study Area
The Indian Monitor Lizard could be primarily threatened by hunting as it is hunted commercially for its ksin (domestically) and its meat is usually eaten. The fat of Indian Monitor Lizard is also used in the making of traditional medicine.
Indian Rock Python (Python molurus)
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Taxonomy
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family
Animalia Chordata Reptilia Squamata Pythonidae
Taxon name: Python molurus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Common name: Indian Rock Python
Asssessment Information
Red List Category & Criteria: Near Threatened A2d ver 3.1
Year Published: 2021
Date Assessed: September 5, 2019
Justification
Listed as Near Threatened because of population decline (estimated to be close to 30% over the last ten
years) inferred from over-exploitation, habitat destruction, degradation and general apathy.
Geographic Range
The Indian Rock Python is widely found in Sri Lanka and India having subpopulations in North-eastern
Pakistan and Nepal. I t is also found along the India-Bangladesh border.Many Indian sub-populations
FOREST FIRE PROTECTION MEASURESMONITORING OF VEGETATION AND RET
SPECIES
Line transact method shall be used monitoring of Vegetation and RET Species in the respective forest
beats under the Forest Ranges and Divisions. Sampling for Vegetation and RET species and any impact
due to human disturbance etc. will be done only once on a transect.
Forest beat will be the sampling unit, and sampling will be done along the established line
transect.
The beginning and end point coordinates of the line transect need to be recorded using a GPS
unit.
Vegetation would need to be sampled every 400 m along the transect.
The vegetation would need to be quantified visually at the following categories for each plot:
A. 15 m. radius circular plots:
Within a distance of approximately 15 m of the observer the five most dominant trees (over-
story, all vegetation >6 fit height, including bamboo) need to be listed in the order of
dominance (abundance)
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The observer needs to list the 5 most dominant shrub species (middle story, vegetation >40 cm
and <6fit) in order of dominance (abundance) within 15m of the location. He needs to
categorize shrub density (under-story vegetation) as absent, very low (25%), low (50%),
medium (75%), and dense (100%). Shrubs will be assessed on five-point scale (0 to 4 i.e., absent
to most abundant) for density estimation.
If weeds are present, their abundance needs to be scored on 0 to 4 scale (0 being absent and 4
high abundance) and the three most common weeds seen in 15 m need to be listed in order of
abundance.
Within the same 15 m distance the observer needs to record number of signs of looping, wood
cutting and presence/absence of human foot trail. Mention needs to be made if people and or
livestock are seen from the plot.
The observer needs to visually quantify the canopy cover at the location. The observer should
subjectively classify the proportion of the sky above him that is covered by canopy foliage and
categorize it into <0.1,0.1 -0.2,0.2-0.4,0.4-0.6,0.6- 0.8, >0.8 canopy cover.
A mention needs to be made in the data sheet regarding the number of permanent human
settlements, human population, and livestock population present in the beat (to the best of his
knowledge).
A mention needs to be made based on the observers’ knowledge if any non-timber forest
product is collected from the beat. If yes, which NTFP and to score the magnitude of collection
on a 4-point scale (0- no collection 4-high rate of collection).
If the beat was burnt (natural or management practice), the proportion burnt in the past 3
years need to be mention in the datasheet.
Data Sheet-3A VEGETATION (15m plot)
Name of Observer:……… Date:……… Forest Circle: ………… Forest Division…………
Range:…………………… Beat:……… ID No. of Line Transect: ................…………
Plot No.
Can
op
yCo
ver(
0-
1)
Tree Species (Descending Order of dominance, all veg. >6fit)
Shrub Species (Descending Order of dominance, all veg. >20cm &<6fit)
Shrub Abundance 0 to 4 0-absent to 4- very high
Weed/invasive Species (Descending Order-of dominance)
Bro
ad
vege
tati
on
& t
err
ain
for
the
plo
t
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3
* Bamboo more than 2 m., should be entered in "tree" category, less than 2m in "shrub" category.
Data Sheet-3B Human Disturbance
Name of Observer: ………Date: …………Forest Circle: ………………Forest Division…………
Range: ……………………… Beat: …………ID No. of Line Transect: ………………………
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Plot No.
Human Disturbances 0-4 Rating, 0-No, 4-Very high
Wood Cutting
0-4
Lopping 0-4
Grass/ Bamboo
cutting 0-4
Presence of human/ livestock/trail 0-4
Weed Abundance
0-4
People Seen Y/N
Livestock Seen Y/N
Are there any permanent human settlements in the beat? (Yes/No).
If Yes, how many?_ Approximate human population_____,approximate livestock population______
Cattle____ Goat/Sheep_____Other Livestock
Is there NTFP collection in the beat ________________ Yes/No.? If yes, what NTFP is collected? __
Rate NTFP collection on a scale of 0-4, 0-No to 4-Very high_______________________________
The proportion of the beat that was burnt during the past year was_____ secondyear was____third
year was_____1 m radius circular plot
B. 1 m. radius circular plots:
This plot should be laid 5m away from the center of the 15m circular plat. The observer needs to use a
2m long stick to define an imaginary circle around him with the stick as the diameter. Within this circular
plot (2m diameter) the observer needs to a) quantify the percent ground cover, i.e. the proportion of
the ground covered by herbs, grasses, litter, and bare ground, b) List the 3 most dominant grass species,
and herb species in order of dominance.
Recording Ground Cover in 1 m radius plot
Name of Observer: ………Date: …………Forest Circle: ………………Forest Division…………
Range: ……………………… Beat: …………ID No. of Line Transect: ………………………
Plot No.
Dry leaf
litter %
Ground Cover (The total percentage of following 5 columns should be
100%)
Grass Species
(Report in descending
order of numbers)
Herb Species (Report in
descending order of
numbers) R
em
arks
Dry Grass
%
Green Grass
%
Herb (Small
Plants) %
Weeds %
Bare Ground %
1 2 3 1 2 3
10.1.2 BUDGETARY FOR CONSERVATION PLAN
The proponent as proposed a sum of Rs 70.50 Lakhs for the wildlife conservation plan under the
following heads in consultation of local forest department. Below tables give the details of budget.
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Table 10-9: Budgetary allocation for conservation Plan
Year Activities
Budget to be
allocated (INR)
in Lakhs
1st Year
Organizing Wild Life Awareness Programmes for conservation of wildlife and awareness of local people and students 0.25
Establishment of trained teams 0.5
Purchase of equipment’s such as Nets, tranquillizers equipment’s and Cages etc. for proper rescue and translocation of wild animals 0.5
Training the Emergency Response Team 1.25
Fund for necessary equipment’s for Emergency Response Team at District Forest Department level. 1.5
Survey, site identification, Construction of Water holes ( Small water ponds) & Rainwater harvesting pits in the study area and environs
1.5
Identification of natural habitats (forests, pastures, grasslands etc.) for Conservation measures 1
Promotion & Distribution of Alternative Energy Sources such as Solar Power, Biogas in the Project Affected Villages 0.5
Forest Fire Protection Measures 1
Installation of submersible water pumps for water supply 1
Telineelapuram bird Nest Area
Artificial trees for nesting
Nylon nets for protecting chicks
5
Plantation of suitable fruit & flower bearing plant species in the Study area so that the wild herbivores animals can reside within the forest.
1
SUBTOTAL 15
2nd Year
Organising Wild Life Awareness Programmes for conservation of wildlife and awareness of local people and students 0.25
Construction of Den for wildlife 0.75
Conservation programmes for natural habitats (forests, pastures/grasslands etc.) for Conservation measures 0.5
Construction of water Khelis/ Water holes, artificial ponds & rainwater harvesting pits etc. 0.5
Installation of submersible water pumps. 0.5
Promotion & Distribution of Alternative Energy Sources such as Solar Power, Biogas in the Project Affected Villages 1.25
Maintenance of tree groves, Dens bushy structure and roosting and nesting sites. 0.75
Forest Fire Protection Measures 0.75
Procure car (4-wheeler) for monitoring and safeguard process of forest conservation 1.5
Plantation of suitable fruit & flower bearing plant species in the Study area so that the wild herbivores animals can reside within the forest.
0.75
Telineelapuram bird Nest Area 5.0
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Year Activities
Budget to be
allocated (INR)
in Lakhs
Artificial trees for nesting near water bodies
Nylon nets for protecting chicks
SUBTOTAL 12.5
3rd Year
Organising Wild Life Awareness Programmes for conservation of wildlife and awareness of local people and students 1
Completion of Construction of water Khelis/ Water holes, artificial ponds & Rainwater Harvesting Pits etc. 1
Completion of Construction of Den for Wildlife 0.5
Conservation programmes for natural habitats (forests, pastures/grasslands etc.) for Conservation measures 0.25
Maintenance & Repair of submersible water pumps. 0.25
Promotion & Distribution of Alternative Energy Sources such as Solar Power, Biogas in the Project Affected Villages 0.25
Maintenance of tree grooves, Dens bushy structure and roosting and nesting sites. 0.25
Forest Fire Protection Measures 0.5
Procure car (4-wheeler) for monitoring and safeguard process of forest conservation 1
Telineelapuram bird Nest Area
Financial aid to forest department
2.5
SUBTOTAL 7.5
4th Year Plantation of suitable fruit & flower bearing plant species in the Study area so that the wild herbivores animals can reside within the forest.
1.25
Conservation programmes for natural habitats (forests, pastures/grasslands etc.) for Conservation measures 1.25
Maintenance & Repair of submersible water pumps. 0.5
Maintenance of tree groves, Dens, bushy structure and roosting and nesting sites. 0.5
Promotion & Distribution of Alternative Energy Sources such as Solar Power, Biogas in the Project Affected Villages 0.5
Organizing wild life awareness programmes for conservation of wildlife and awareness of local people and students 0.5
Forest Fire Protection Measures 0.5
Telineelapuram bird Nest Area
Financial aid to forest department
2.5
SUBTOTAL 7.5
5th Year Maintenance of planted species 1.25
Organizing wild life awareness programmes for conservation of wildlife and awareness of local people and students 1.25
Plantation of suitable species in the buffer area so that the wild herbivores animals can reside within the forest. 0.5
Conservation programmes for natural habitats (forests, pastures/grasslands etc.) for Conservation measures 0.5
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Year Activities
Budget to be
allocated (INR)
in Lakhs
Promotion & Distribution of Alternative Energy Sources such as Solar Power, Biogas in the Project Affected Villages 0.5
Maintenance & Repair of submersible water pumps. 0.5
Maintenance of tree groves, Dens, bushy structure and roosting and nesting sites. 0.25
Forest Fire Protection Measures 0.25
Telineelapuram bird Nest Area
Financial aid to forest department 2.5
SUBTOTAL 7.5
6th Year Periodic monitoring, Maintenance of water hole, dens, roosting sites, breeding ground of species. 0.5
Monitoring & Evaluation and Maintenance program for planted species. 0.5
Management for natural habitats (forests, pastures/grasslands etc.) for Conservation measures 0.5
Promotion & Distribution of Alternative Energy Sources such as Solar Power, Biogas in the Project Affected Villages 0.25
Maintenance of permanent and durable wildlife shed. 0.25
Forest Fire Protection Measures 0.25
Organising Wild Life Awareness Programmes for conservation of Wildlife and awareness of local people and students. 0.25
SUBTOTAL 2.5
7th Year Periodic monitoring, Maintenance of water hole, dens, roosting sites, breeding ground of species. 0.5
Monitoring & Evaluation and Maintenance program for planted species. 0.5
Management for natural habitats (forests, pastures/grasslands etc.) for Conservation measures 0.5
Promotion & Distribution of Alternative Energy Sources such as Solar Power, Biogas in the Project Affected Villages 0.25
Maintenance of permanent and durable wildlife shed. 0.25
Forest Fire Protection Measures 0.25
Organising Wild Life Awareness Programmes for conservation of Wildlife and awareness of local people and students. 0.25
SUBTOTAL 2.5
8th Year Maintenance of permanent and durable wildlife shed. 1.25
Organising Wild Life Awareness Programmes for conservation of Wildlife and awareness of local people and students. 0.25
Management for natural habitats (forests, pastures/grasslands etc.) for Conservation measures 0.25
Promotion & Distribution of Alternative Energy Sources such as Solar Power, Biogas in the Project Affected Villages 0.25
Monitoring & Evaluation and Maintenance program for planted species. 0.25
Forest Fire Protection Measures 0.25
SUBTOTAL 2.5
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Year Activities
Budget to be
allocated (INR)
in Lakhs
9th Year Maintenance of permanent and durable wildlife shed. 1
Organising Wild Life Awareness Programmes for conservation of Wildlife and awareness of local people and students. 0.5
Management for natural habitats (forests, pastures/grasslands etc.) for Conservation measures 0.25
Promotion & Distribution of Alternative Energy Sources such as Solar Power, Biogas in the Project Affected Villages 0.25
Monitoring & Evaluation and Maintenance program for planted species. 0.25
Forest Fire Protection Measures 0.25
SUBTOTAL 2.5
10th Year Maintenance of permanent and durable wildlife shed. 1
Organising Wild Life Awareness Programmes for conservation of Wildlife and awareness of local people and students. 0.5
Management for natural habitats (forests, pastures/grasslands etc.) for Conservation measures 0.25
Promotion & Distribution of Alternative Energy Sources such as Solar Power, Biogas in the Project Affected Villages 0.25
Monitoring & Evaluation and Maintenance program for planted species. 0.25
Forest Fire Protection Measures 0.25
SUBTOTAL 2.5
Additional measures for Wildlife Conservation
Development of Wildlife conservation and protection centre with consultation to state Forest Department for research and further conservation
3
Development of Huts/Watch towers around the forest area for Forest conservation & Eco-tourism 5
GRAND TOTAL 70.5
Table 10-10: Year wise fund to be submitted by the user agency to State Forest Department, AP
Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Additional Support Total
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Sr.No Components Parameters Total Cost
Capital Cost
Recurring Cost
(Annual)
Total Recurring
Cost
(Rs Lakhs)
(Rs Lakhs)
(Rs Lakhs)
(Rs Lakhs)
Faciility under MARPOL
5 Strom Water Harvesting and Management
Cement Concrete pipes (with collar joints) ,Spun Concrete pipes (RCC & PSC), with S/S joints ,Stone work ,Masonry. Design & installation of drainage system
566.3 0.0 18.9 566.3
5.1 Sewage (Untreated & Tretaed)
pH, COD, BOD, TSS, TDS, Oil & Grease
5.4 0.0 0.2 5.4
6 Green Belt Development Green Belt/Area Development (Purchase of Plants , soil , fertilizers , bricks) , fencing, transportation , digging of pits Maintenance of Green belt/area (Caretaker / watering to plants)
65.2 0.0 13.0 65.2
7 Occupational Health Safety and firefighting networks
14 Solar Panel On-grid solar power system of capacity (3.5 to 4.5 MW)
152.8
Total Cost in Lakh 13015.0 556.7 453.3 12911.1
A total capital cost of 556.7 lakhs, Annual recurring cost of 453.3 lakhs per year and Total recurring cost
for 30 years is 12911.1 lakhs for operation phase as EMP budget is estimated.
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CHAPTER 11
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
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11 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
11.1 INTRODUCTION
Andhra Pradesh was amongst the first maritime states to recognize the imperative need for increased
port infrastructure. Government of Andhra Pradesh (GoAP) has prepared a perspective development of
ports for development of ports and port related activities all along coastal belt. The State has Fifteen
(15) notified non-major ports and one (1) major port (Visakhapatnam) along its 974 km coastline.
Andhra Pradesh was amongst the first maritime states to recognize the imperative need for increased
modernized port infrastructure and the role that private sector would be required to play in developing
the same. Andhra Pradesh has prepared a perspective development plan of ports according to which a
cargo of 100 MMTPA and 300 MMTPA would be handled by 2019-2020 and 2020-21 respectively.
As part of its endeavor in the development of port infrastructure, Andhra Pradesh Maritime Board
(APMB) proposed to undertake development of Greenfield port at Bhavanapadu in Srikakulam District,
Andhra Pradesh. GoAP has issued port limits vide G. O. Ms. No. 545 of T, R&B Transport, Roads and
Buildings (P.I.) Department, Dt. 02nd July, 1979. However, since the port limits are fixed in 1979,
considering the present requirement and phase wise development, Director of Ports/APMB requested
Government of Andhra Pradesh to extend the port limits.
As per the list of projects or activities requiring prior Environmental Clearance given in the EIA
Notification issued by MoEF&CC on 14th September 2006, proposed project is listed in schedule 7(e) i.e.,
Ports and Harbours and requires Environmental Clearance from MoEF&CC. Also the project attracts CRZ
notification, 2011 and 2019 and require CRZ clearance through Andhra Pradesh Coastal Zone
Management Authority (APCZMA).
The Phase I development of Bhavanapadu port is proposed to handle ~23.53 Million Tonnes per Annum
(MTPA) of various types of cargo falls under Category A and shall obtain Environmental and CRZ
Clearance from MoEF&CC.
The Phase II is 83.3 Million Tonnes per Annum (MTPA).
11.2 LOCATION, NATURE AND SIZE OF PROJECT
Location of project: Proposed site for port development is located at Bhavanapadu village, located at
latitude of 18°35’ N; longitude of 84°26'E, Santhabommali mandal, Srikakulam district, Andhra Pradesh.
The port location is about 85 nautical miles of north east of Visakhapatnam Port. Port location is shown
in Figure 1.3 and Port site photographs is given in Figure 1.4.
Nature of project: The nature of the project is the development of Greenfield Non-major port at
Bhavanapadu
Size of project: As per the Master plan, the port will be developed in the overall area of 3160 acres
spanning over two phases of development, i.e., 1010 acres during Phase I and 2150 acres in Phase II.
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11.3 COASTAL REGULATION ZONE
National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management (NCSCM), Anna University has been entrusted for
demarcation of HTL, LTL and CRZ areas in and around the proposed port site. Proposed port location
does not contain environmentally sensitive areas such as National parks / marine parks, sanctuaries,
wildlife habitats, corals / coral reefs. It also does not include breeding and spawning grounds of fish and
other marine life, area of outstanding natural beauty / historically / heritage area, area rich in genetic
diversity.
As per the classification of CRZ notification 2011, the proposed development falls under:
CRZ I A : Ecologically Sensitive Areas (Sand dunes)
11.4 NEED OF THE PROJECT
The competitive ports for Bhavanapadu are Visakhapatnam and Gangavaram on the south along Andhra
Pradesh coastline and Gopalpur and Paradip on the north along Odisha coastline. Potential cargo
competition from Paradip port can be for the cargo generated through Central Chhattisgarh region and
Central Odisha. These areas do not fall in any mineral rich cluster of the states. The upcoming power
plants, graphite and alumina deposits can act as cargo demand centres for Bhavanapadu port.
Vishakhapatnam bound cargo emanating from Northern Odisha mines can be captured by upcoming
Gopalpur port and newly proposed Bhavanapadu. Further, the possibility diversion of cargo from
Southern Odisha and South Chhattisgarh is more to Bhavanapadu port because of its proximity, when
compared to Vishakhapatnam port. The containerization level of the hinterland is lower than the
country average. And the ports on the east coast do have capacity problems. For Bhavanapadu there are
great opportunities in this market. Due to economic growth break bulk has an increasing market and
gives opportunities to Bhavanapadu. Iron ore and fertilizer are industries which show a growth in the
whole area. The direct hinterland of Bhavanapadu has several producers and customers for these
products. Alumina and other minerals are expecting to have a large growth, and are closer to the
Bhavanapadu port then the existing ports; this also means a good opportunity for Bhavanapadu
The classification of districts near Bhavanapadu into primary, secondary and tertiary hinterland is done
as per the logistical advantages offered by Bhavanapadu port as well as the proximity with other
competing ports in the region.
The primary hinterland of Bhavanapadu covers Vizianagaram District and Srikakulam District in Andhra
Pradesh. The primary hinterland has a low population density and little industrial activity. The secondary
hinterland covers Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh and Southern Odisha sharing boarder with
Andhra Pradesh and located in close proximity with Bhavanapadu. The primary and secondary
hinterlands of Bhavanapadu port are shown in Figure 1.7.
The tertiary hinterland covers all the neighbouring states, as well as northern states. The secondary and
the distant hinterland is relative large because of the good hinterland connections. The existing ports
along east coast and the existing ports along Andhra coast in close proximity to each other difficult to
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demarcation of the hinterland of each port and overlapping is inevitable to some extent. Hence,
competition among the ports is inescapable.
Bhavanapadu is situated close to the major port of Visakhapatnam. Geographically, Bhavanapadu is
located in an advantage position close to the border stages of Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and
Madhya Pradesh States. Hence, the traffic from the close proximity States of Chhattisgarh, Odisha,
Jharkhand and Madhya Pradesh may also be attracted to Bhavanapadu. Paradip Port is located in Odisha
but because of the congested traffic the Proposed Port may be opted. However, attraction of the cargo
also depends upon the efficiency of the port operations, infrastructure facilities available at the ports.
Thus, development of Bhavanapadu Port is justifiable in terms cargo handling advantages.
11.5 PROPOSED FACILITIES
FACILITIES PROPOSED FOR PHASE I DEVELOPMENT OFFSHORE FACILITY
First north breakwater - 2855 m long
South breakwater - 580 m long
4 nos. of berths
o Coal (One berth)
o General Cargo (Three berth)
NAVIGATIONAL FACILITIES
Approach channel: -19.20 CD depth
Turning circle: -18.40 depth
DREDGING & RECLAMATION
Capital dredging = 14 million cu.m
Maintenance dredging = 2 million cu.m
Reclamation = 2 million cu.m
ONSHORE FACILITY
From DPR
11.6 PROJECT COST
Cost of the project in Phase I = ₹ 3091.90 Cr
Cost of the project in Phase II =
Total cost of the project =
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11.7 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT
The baseline data on the terrestrial and marine environment were collected during Three Seasons
(October to December 2020 i.e Post-Monsoon 2020, April to June 2021 i.e Pre-monsoon 2021 and July
to September 2021 i.e Monsoon 2021) by Lotus Granges (India) Ltd.
AIR ENVIRONMENT
Ambient air quality monitoring was done in 5locations. Particulate Matter of PM10, PM2.5 and other
pollutants were found to be within NAAQ standards during the study period.
NOISE ENVIRONMENT
The noise levels are found to be within the ambient noise standards prescribed under Noise
Pollution (Regulation and control) Rules, 2000 by CPCB.
WATER ENVIRONMENT
Ground water: All physical and general parameters were observed within the desirable limit at all
sampling locations as per IS10500:2012. Concentration of all parameters recorded in the ground water
samples for all locations were within the permissible limit of IS 10500 :2012 drinking water standards.
Apart from domestic sources, there are no sources of pollution in the project area. The project area has
no industries and the fertilizer consumption is low.
Thus, it is recommended that water be filtered and disinfected prior to be given to villages for meeting
their drinking water requirements.
Surface water: Surface water quality observed at all stations satisfies for various designated uses as
per CPCB standard such as outdoor bathing, wildlife propagation, drinking water source, irrigation
and industrial purpose.
LAND ENVIRONMENT
Soil quality shows that the soil in the project area is free from any contamination. The soil type varies
from loamy to sand. The soil is strongly acidic to Slightly acidic in nature.
TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY AND BIODIVERSITY
The IUCN Red list is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of
plant and animal species. It uses a set of criteria to evaluate the extinction risk of thousands of
species and subspecies. These criteria are relevant to all species and all regions of the world. With its
strong scientific base, the IUCN Red List is recognized as the most authoritative guide to the status of
biological diversity.
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11.7.5.1 Flora
According to primary and secondary survey, a total of 140 tree species belonging to 49 families were
found in the study area. Mimosaceae and Moraceae were found to be the most dominant families
having 10 species each followed by Caesalpiniaceae with 09 families (Please Refer
Figure 3.22). Out of 140 tree species found in the study area, 133 terrestrial species of trees followed by
04 Marshy Tree Species, 02 Aquatic and 01 semi-aquatic species were found (Please Refer Figure 3.23).
Table 3.29 exhibits the important tree species observed in the study area during the primary survey and
supported by the secondary literature.
The primary and secondary survey reveals the presence of 69 shrub species in the study area and its
environs. Euphorbiaceae is the predominant family representing 11 shrub species in the study area
followed by Malvaceae and Rubiaceae which covers 06 shrub species each. Table 3.30 exhibits the
important shrub species observed in the study area during the primary survey and supported by the
secondary literature.
During the primary survey a total of 343 species of herbaceous flora belonging to 60 families were
recorded which comprised of 241 herbs followed by 71 grasses and 31 species of climbers. Family
Poaceae with 71 herbaceous species is the largest family found in the study area followed by Asteraceae
with 28 species, Cyperaceae 21 species and Fabaceae with 19 species respectively. Table 3.31 exhibits
the important herbaceous flora (Herbs, grasses and climbers) observed in the study area during the
primary survey and supported by the secondary literature.
11.7.5.2 Fauna:
Out of the total 15 mammalian species recorded from the study area Seven (07) species were classified
under Scheduled-II (Par-I) and Three (03) species under Schedule-III and four (04) species under
Schedule-IV. While No mammalian Species were listed under Schedule-I of the Wildlife (Protection), Act,
1972.
No mammalian species is listed under IUCN Red list of Threatened Species Version 2019.3 as Rare,
Endangered and Threatened (REET) Species.
With regards to amphibian species two (02) species were listed under Schedule-IV while no schedule-I, II
& III species were found in the study area. Similarly no herpetofauna of ecological importance were
found in the study area as per IUCN Red List.
Among Reptiles One (01) Schedule-I, three (03) Schedule-II and One (01) Schedule-IV species were found
in the study area. With regards to IUCN Red list of Threatened Species Version 2019.3 as Rare,
Endangered and Threatened (RET) Species, three (03) Vulnerable and three (03) Near Threatened
Reptile species were found in the study area.
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With regards to the avifaunal species one (01) Schedule-I were reported/observed in the study area,
whereas five (05) avi-faunal specie are listed as Near Threatened (NT) and one (01) species is listed
under Vulnerable category of IUCN Red list of Threatened Species Version 2019.3.
11.7.5.3 Aquatic Ecology
The data on frequency, density, abundance and diversity index (Shannon Wiener) of Phytoplankton and
Zooplankton at different locations for all three seasons has been presented in Table 3.37 to Table 3.56.
The population density of phytoplankton was varied at all the sampling sites.
Marine Quality Test reports for all three seasons are given in the Table 3.62 to Table 3.64.
The Sediment sampling photographs are shown as Figure 3.28. Sediment sampling results for all three
seasons are given in the below Table 3.66 to Table 3.68.
The creek water analysis results for all three season is given in the Table 3.70 to Table 3.72 respectively.
Phytoplankton: In total, 62 species from 33 genera and 3 main phytoplankton groups were identified.
Of these phytoplankton, 47 species (75.81%) belong to diatoms (Bacillariophyta), 13 species
(20.97%) of dinoflagellates (Pyrrophyta) and 2 species (3.23%) of blue-green algae
(Cyanophyta) during the study period. Diatoms showed the most species diversity than the
dinoflagellates and blue- green algae. – to be addressed in chapter 3 as well
Zooplankton: During the sampling period, totally 47 species of zooplankton were identified.
Copepods were the most diverse group containing the highest number of species, followed by
Decapods, Ciliate groups, Cnidaria, Urochordata, fish eggs and larvae and echinoderms. Copepoda not
only remained as the most dominant group but also appeared in large numbers during the sampling
periods. to be addressed in chapter 3 as well
11.7.5.4 Ecologically Sensitive Area
Proposed port location does not contain environmentally sensitive areas such as National parks / marine
parks, sanctuaries, wildlife habitats, corals / coral reefs. It also does not include breeding and spawning
grounds of fish and other marine life, area of outstanding natural beauty / historically / heritage area,
area rich in genetic diversity. Environmental Sensitivity is given in the Table 3.3.
11.8 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
Anticipated impacts on the terrestrial and marine environment likely to arise due to construction and
operation of proposed port and auxiliary facilities have been identified, predicted and mitigation
measures are suggested.
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CONSTRUCTION PHASE
To be developed from chapter 4 if required
Impact
Construction of breakwater and diaphragm wall.
Dredging and reclamation.
Piling for construction of berthing jetty.
Material handling, storage and transport.
Operation of various equipment and machineries.
Sewage from construction site.
Mitigation measures
Follow best construction site management practices.
Water sprinkling at areas vulnerable to dust generation.
Roads inside the project area and roads connected to the main road shall be paved or shall be water sprinkled to avoid the fugitive emissions.
Barricades of adequate height with adequate signage especially for areas close to sea.
Use of silt curtains to prevent spreading of dredge plume.
Regular evaluation of heavy metals in dredge spoil used for reclamation.
No storage of construction materials in CRZ I areas.
Sanitary and hygiene measures shall be ensured for workers as per construction workers act and rules.
Solid, Construction and Hazardous waste management as per Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016, Construction and Demolition Waste Management Rules, 2016 and Hazardous Waste Management Rules 2016.
Use of DG set following CPCB norms.
No tapping of ground water for construction activities.
OPERATION PHASE
To be developed from chapter 4 if required
Impact
Cargo handling, storage and transportation.
Runoff of wastewater from stack yard and wharf area into sea.
Impact on marine environment due to increased vessel traffic.
Maintenance dredging.
Mitigation measures
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Handling, storage and transportation of cargoes as per CPCB norms
Installation of water sprinkling system in the stack yard area.
Development of green belt in the periphery of proposed port premise.
Drainage channel and sedimentation pond to control wastewater runoff from Stackyard area.
Solid, Construction and Hazardous waste management as per Solid Waste Management Rules,
2016, Construction and Demolition Waste Management Rules, 2016 and Hazardous Waste
Management Rules 2016.
Special parking facilities for trucks shall be ensured.
Installation of firefighting equipment such as fire hydrant and fire extinguisher in the port area.
Disposal of dredge spoil at identified model designated location.
Development of vessel traffic management system to ensure smooth traffic management and
handling.
Follow risk mitigation measures and action plan mentioned in the Disaster Management Plan.
11.9 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES
Initially location of Bhavanapadu port was identified on north of Tekkali Creek based on due
diligence carried out. During the terms of reference appraisal by MoEF&CC, it is suggested to explore the
possibility of alternate sites in view of eroding nature of coast towards north of creek, impact on fish
landing center and major R&R issues. (As the development needed acquisition of three (3) fully
habitated villages). Hence alternative locations have been studied.
Three site locations have been evaluated as part of the Techno-Economic Feasibility Report (TEFR) for
development of Port with following alternative studies. Alternative locations identified for Bhavanapadu
Port are shown in Figure 5.1.
Alternative 1: North Side of Tekkali Creek
Alternative 2: Inside the Tekkali Creek
Alternative 3: South Side of Tekkali Creek
11.10 POST PROJECT MONITORING
Post project monitoring program has been planned based on the prediction of impacts and
mitigation measures suggested. Monitoring program is suggested to identify changes in the
terrestrial and marine environment due to operation of port.
Monitoring program shall be done during the construction and operational phase of the project and
it shall be repeated at six monthly interval as suggested by MoEF&CC.
The monitoring shall be organized with qualified and experienced environmental team. Standard
procedure shall be followed in sample collection and analysis. Half yearly monitoring of air, noise,
ground water, seawater quality, seabed sediment and marine ecology is recommended at port
premises, nearby villages, waterfront area and approach channel.
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11.11 ADDITIONAL STUDIES
DREDGE DISPOSAL MODELLING
For capital dredging for the Port, considering the site conditions, it is felt that the most suitable type of
dredger is the TSHD. This dredger can easily operate in the exposed conditions experienced in this area.
It can dredge the medium dense to dense silty sand, load the dredged material in its hopper and dump it
at selected offshore disposal location. For inner channel and harbour areas it is felt that CSD will be the
right choice. Thus both TSHB and CSD will have to be deployed for capital dredging at the port.
Alternatively, a trailing suction hopper dredger with pump ashore facilities as considered adequate to
carry out the total dredging quantity.
A trailing suction hopper dredger (TSHD) with a hopper capacity of around 15,000cum is proposed to be
used to accomplish the work within the envisaged time frame.
Nearly XX Mm3 of capital dredged material will be used for raising the backup area and remaining XX
Mm3 will be disposed in offshore area identified based on model studies.
Maintenance Dredging
AIR QUALITY MODELLING
Modelling study predicts that the dust concentration due to coal handling, storage and transport, if
handled without control measures can seriously affect the ambient air quality of project area.
Particularly, working environment of stackyard will be affected with particulate matter concentration.
In other words, the incremental value (Model output) of the specific pollutant at the particular
monitoring station is added to the baseline value of that specific pollutant measured during the
monitoring period of the project. The Resultant Value thus calculated used for predicting the impacts of
the proposed project on the air environment in the study area is not exceeding the NAAQ Limit.
RISK ASSESSMENT
The storage and handling of coal is the main hazard expected during the port operations. Coal is a
potential fire hazard; coal storage requires careful study from the point of view of safety. Fire in coal
stock is also a major source of environmental pollution. In order to avoid these hazards, coal storage
facilities require careful evaluation in respect of fire safety, keeping in mind the characteristics of
the different types of coal used in the industries.
DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Emergency/disaster is an undesirable occurrence of events of such magnitude and nature that
adversely affect operations, cause loss of human lives and property as well as damage to the
environment. Coastal infrastructure is vulnerable to various kinds of natural and manmade disasters.
Examples of natural disaster are Flood, Cyclone, Tsunami, Earthquake etc., and manmade disasters
like major fire, explosion, sudden heavy leakage of toxic/poisonous chemicals etc. An effective disaster
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management plan helps to minimize the losses in terms of human lives, assets and environmental
damage. A typical Distarter Management Plan is presented in Figure 7.1
The objectives of Disaster Management Plan are:
To contain and control the incident.
To rescue the victim and treat them suitably in quickest possible time.
To safeguard other personnel and evacuate them to safer places.
To identify personnel affected/dead.
To give immediate warning signal to the people in the surrounding areas in case such situation
arising.
To inform relatives of the casualties.
To safeguard important records & information about the organization.
To preserve damaged records & equipment needed as evidence for any subsequent enquiry.
To rehabilitate the affected areas.
To restore the facilities to normal working condition at the earliest.
11.12 PROJECT BENEFITS
Infrastructure construction will have both impacts on the country's economic development. The project
is intended to encourage private firms to engage in the development of the industrial and
transportation sectors. Private investments will generate jobs, which will in turn generate income,
alleviate poverty and enhance living standards of the people.
Potential positive benefits aniticpiated to result from the proposed port development are listed below.
Improved sea transport facilities
Revenue Generation
Better employment opportunities (skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled labour during construction
and operation phases of the project with specific attention to employment potential of local
population)
Improvement in Physical Infrastructure like project infrastructure and ancillary industries
Improvement in social infrastructure like roads, railways, townships, housing, water supply,
hygienists, technicians, research associates, sociologists and others with expertise in various niche areas.
They undergo various training sessions at regular intervals to keep themselves updated with new ideas,
techniques and tools.
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Table 12.1: Qualification and Area of Expertise of Professional Name Qualification Project Role Experience/Responsibility
Upendar Rao Kollu
BE Civil, M Tech Ports & Marine Structures
EIA-Coordinator Ports, Harbours, break waters and Dredging
Mr. Upendra Rao Kollu, the Managing Director of VSPL has comprehensive experience in Ports, Infrastructure and Industrial Park/ SEZ projects, both domestic and international. He has also an in-depth working experience in EIA – EMP and Risk analysis projects as well as have a great zeal and zest for Environment and sustainability studies for ports, harbours and marine sector. Mr. Upendra is a Civil Engineer from Andhra University and M. Tech (Marine Structures) from NIT, Suratkal. He has done Executive Management Development Program and training in remote sensing & digital image processing with ISRO; port planning, operations & design aspects in Denmark; various ports in Europe and Asia. He has extensive experience of managing organizations and projects across infrastructure sectors; covering ports, shipyards, Special Economic Zones (SEZs), industrial free trade zones, highways/special logistic corridors, logistic hubs, airports, power projects, urban transportation and environmental projects. He comes with unique experience of working on all facets of projects as a consultant, planner, designer, privatization expert, project management expert and developer. He has been instrumental in developing several prestigious port and infrastructure projects under PPP mode from concept to commissioning. He has been recently selected by CII as a Member of its National Committee on Urban Development & Smart Cities for 2019-20.
Yamesh Sharma B.Sc. Civil Engineering EIA-Coordinator River Valley & Irrigation Projects, Mining Projects. FAE HG, SC & NV.
More than 46-year comprehensive experience in designing, planning, construction and maintenance of hydraulic structures (Dam, dam site and Canals), besides in following areas: - Environment Impact Assessment Hydrology & Hydro-Geology Ground Water Estimation Water optimization & conservation Land Use and Cover Study Noise modelling & Vibration Air quality modeling and prediction. Soil Conservation & Quality Analysis Rainwater Harvesting & Storm Water Management Catchment Area Treatment Dam Break Analysis Command Area Development
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Draft EIA Report
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Name Qualification Project Role Experience/Responsibility
Santoshkumar Kulkarni
M. Sc. Environmental Sciences
FAE- WP, AP and AQ Overall responsibility to deliver the project to VSPL standards and client expectations following the applicable guidelines. As a FAE he does the following works Interpretation and assessment of ambient air quality data and
meteorological data for cumulative impact assessment. Identification & assessment of quantum of emissions. Study of the requirement of suitable air pollution control devices Air Modelling using ISCST 3 Impacts identified and mitigation measures suggested in the EMP.
Dr. Dhananjay Meshram
Ph. D Geology M. Sc. Geology
FAE Geo and HG He has more than 30 years of technical working experience, out of which he worked more than 27 years with University of Pune mainly for Geology, Petroleum Geology, River basin Studies. Groundwater exploration in Tamil Nadu State
Since 2005 (more than 14 years), he is working as FAE for Geology and Land Use doing the following works Assessment of baseline geology and land use Impact prediction w.r.t. Geology & Land use of the study area
Mr. Aprup Adwadkar
M. A. Gandhian Thought Risk Assessment and Hazard Management
More than -year comprehensive experience in Risk Assessment and Hazard Management, besides in following areas: - Guiding in carrying out impact assessment studies and work related to
safety and disaster management plans for international project. Assist on regulatory and non-Regulatory projects Modify the basic write up on empanelled sector(s) provided by us Expert advice on the empanelled sector(s) Sign document related to environmental study as empanelled FAE. Presence and technical advice during meeting at MOEF/ SEAC, if required
Dr. Arvind Prakash Dubey
Ph. D. Sociology FAE SE More than 12 years of experience in the following areas: Preparation of Socio-economic Report for Infrastructure Project like
Industrial Park, Rail, Road River Valley, Renewable Energy etc. Stakeholders Identification and Consultations. Preparation of Rehabilitation and Resettlement and Livelihood Restoration
Plan. Tribal Development and Management Plan.
Ms. Reshma M.Tech Environmental (For EIA coordinator / More than 18-years comprehensive experience in Risk Assessment and Hazard
Development of Green field Bhavanapadu Port, Dist. Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh
Draft EIA Report
Page | 451
Name Qualification Project Role Experience/Responsibility
Thakur Management Functional area expert and Functional area associates)
Management (Dam, dam site and Canals), besides in following areas: - Carrying out impact assessment studies and work related to Industrial
Estate, Construction Project, Area Development, Municipal Solid Waste Management facility and MSW for National and International Project
Sign document related to Environmental study as empanelled Environmental Coordinator and FAE.
Presence and technical advice during meeting at MOEF&CC, EAC/ SEAC, if required.
Prepare Form I and IA and Prepare TOR Presentation Write and Review EIA – EMP report and compile as Sector Expert. Attend Public Hearing if any Finalize the Draft EIA- EMP report Present Case in SEIAA/SEAC/MOEFCC Address the Comments if any Spearhead the project as Sector Expert and complete in stipulated time
unless delay by Statutory Authorities
Dr. Ashish Rawat
PhD (Forest Ecology and Environment) M. Sc. Environmental Sciences
FAE- EB, SC With more than 14 years of comprehensive experience, Dr. Ashish Rawat has carried out EIA, ESIA and ESHIA studies for more than 70 development projects in different domains viz., Road and Highways, Wind and Solar Energy, Oil and Gas, Waste Management for the Multilateral Funding Agencies including, the World bank, JICA, ADB, African Development Bank, NHAI and Saudi Aramco (Saudi Arabian Oil Company) in India, Nepal, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Qatar and Bahrain
Debasmita Biswal B.Tech Mechanical Engineering and Specialization in Photogrammetry
FAE- Land Use More than 15-year experience in the following areas: - Land Use & Land Cover Mapping (Remote Sensing &GIS Software) Change in Land Use /Land cover Photogrammetry
Ms. Disha Rao M.Sc Environmental Science
FAE – WP, SHW (SW, HW) TM – AQ, AP
More than 6 + year experience in the Environment Consulting. Worked on following areas:
Screening and scoping of the projects for Environmental Clearance, preparation of PFR and Form-I.
Preparation of EIA/EMP report for Industrial, mining and Infrastructure projects.
Handling and Managing NABET Application, QMS, coordinating with the IH and Empanelled experts.
Carrying out Air Dispersion Modelling using Aermod 9.6.1 software.
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Draft EIA Report
Page | 452
Name Qualification Project Role Experience/Responsibility
Interpretation and assessment of ambient air quality data and meteorological data for cumulative impact assessment.
Waste design calculation for STP, ETP and ZLD for industrial projects.
Mr. Kamal Singh
MA in Public Administration
FAE- SE Mr. Kamal is a social expert with over 14 years of experience Shall be responsible for carrying out socio economic survey and preparation of R&R plan if applicable.
Support Staff
Ms. Ayushi Khokhar
M.Sc. Environmental Sciences
Environmental Executive
Primary data generation, field visit in-line with agreed scope of work
Mr. Munnakumar
B.Com Social Executive Primary data generation, field visit in-line with agreed scope of work including Stakeholder questionnaire survey and FGD, admin support for the project
Mr. Semineni Bhaskar
B Tech Civil Site Support Baseline Supervision, Social filed Study and Meetings with MLC, Sub District Collector and MRO and Panchayat.
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12.3 LOTUS GRANGES (INDIA) LTD.
Lotus Granges (India) Ltd. was engaged by the consultant for carrying out the environmental monitoring
for the various parameters of Meteorology, Ambient Air Quality, Ambient Noise Quality, Water Quality
(Surface, Ground, and Marine & Creek), Soil Quality, and Aquatic Monitoring for Post Monsoon, Pre-
Monsoon and Monsoon Seasons.
Accreditations & Certifications
National Accreditation Board for Testing & Calibration Laboratories (Department of Science &
Technology, Government of India) Accreditation 17025:2005 Certification (Chemical Testing-TC. 8219).
Annexure 1.1
ToR Letter
Annexure 3.1
NABET Accreditation Certificate
of Lotus Granges Laboratory
National Accreditation Board forTesting and Calibration Laboratories(A Constituenl goard of Qualily Corrcil of lndia)
CERTfF'ICATE OF ACCREDITATION
ffiACI
LOTUS GRANGES (INDTA) LTD.
has bcen assessed and accredited in accordance \Yith the standard
ISO/IEC 17025:2005
"General Requirements for the Competence of Testing &Calibration Laboratoriesr I
for its facilities at
NO. 371/10, 2ND RAILWAY BRIDGE, SHE'LA NAGAR TO VSEZ BACK GATE ROAD, VISAKHAPATNAM,ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA
in the field of
TESTINGCertificateNumben TC-8219
Issue DAte: 21112/2018
ln viery of the triNition deadlirc for ISOiIEC 17025:2017, the validi! of this accrcditation ceffffcate sill ceas e on 30.11.2020.
This ceftificate remains valitl for the Scope ofAccreditation as specified in the annexure subject to continued
satisfactory compliance to the above standard & the relevant requiremeuts ofNABL(To see the scope olaccnrditation ofthis labol?tory, you riay also visit NABLn€bsite *${nabl-india.org)
Signed for and on behalfofNABL
h"J-9-'-Anil Relia
Chief Executive Oflicer
Valid Until: 20t12t2020
Certifcate to be replaced with New Certificate expected within One week
Annexure 4.1
CRZ Map
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Santhabommali
Mulapeta
84°20'0"E
84°20'0"E
84°19'0"E
84°19'0"E18
°33'0"
N 18°33
'0"N
18°32
'0"N 18
°32'0"
N
Andhra pradesh
BAY OFBENGAL
ARABIAN SEA
I N D I A
PROJECT LOCATION!
HTL, LTL AND CRZ MAPPING FOR THE PROPOSED PROJECTSITE GREENFIELD PORT AT MULAPETA VILLAGE,
SANTHABOMMALI MENDAL,ANDHRA PRADESHVerified by Approved by
PRE D R A F T
(Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change)Chennai - 25
Prepared by
National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management
Prepared forM/s Voyants Solutions Pvt.Ltd.
Bay of Bengal
0 300150
Meters
S C A L E
µ 1:4000
LegendRoadHigh Tide LineLow Tide Line100 m Line in CRZ III Area200 m CRZ Line - NDZ500 m CRZ LineCRZ Line for River or Creek
\\\\
\\\\
\\\\Salt Marsh - CRZ IASand Dune - CRZ IA
##
#
# # # # ###
#####
Sand Dune Beyond CRZ BoundaryMangroves - CRZ IA
50m Mangrove Buffer Zone - CRZ IAMudflats - CRZ IAIntertidal Zone - CRZ IBNo Development Zone - CRZ III200 m to 500 m from HTL - CRZ IIIWaterbody - CRZ IVAWaterbody - CRZ IVBSurvey PlotsVillage BoundaryMandal Boundary
Proposed Project Site(As given by Project Proponent)
Over Head WaterTankPort Admin BuildingSecurity CumReception BLDGSouthern BreakwaterSub StationTurning Circle 575mUnaccessed WasteLandUnderfround WaterTankWagon
Annexure 5.1
Socio-economic Impact
Assessment
Social Impact Assessment Report
DEVELOPMENT OF GREENFIELD PORT AT BHAVANAPADU IN SRIKAKULAM DISTRICT, ANDHRA
PRADESH
ANDHRA PRADESH MARITIME BOARD
VOYANTS SOLUTIONS PRIVATE LIMITED 403, 4th Floor, Park CentraSector – 30, NH – 8, Gurugram – 122001,Haryana, India
Consultant
FEBRUARY 2022
ANDHRA PRADESH MARITIME BOARD
GOVERNMENT OF ANDHRA PRADESH
Development of Greenfield Port at Bhavanapadu, Srikakulam District in the
State of Andhra Pradesh
DRAFT SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (SIA)
REPORT
February 2022
Voyants Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 403, 4th Floor, Park Centra
Development of Greenfield Port at Bhavanapadu, Srikakulam District, Andhra Pradesh
P a g e | 4
Private Property Owners: Private property owners are persons who have legal title to structures,
land or other assets other than Government structures, land or other assets.
Replacement Cost: Replacement cost is the amount of money to be required by an affected
person to replace the existing asset with an equally valued or similar asset at the current market
price. It includes the transaction costs and taxes, if any.
Resettlement Area refers to an area where the affected families who have been displaced from
their place of living because of land acquisition are relocated by the appropriate authority.
Residual Land: Residual land can be defined as the remaining portion of a land parcel left with
the owner after the involuntary acquisition of land by the project authority.
Severance of Land: Severance of land can be defined as division of a land parcel into two or more
pieces. Each severed parcel of land becomes a separate plot with new owners. Severance of Land
can take place due to acquisition of land for laying new project alignments, such as bypass or re-
alignment of roads or railway tracks.
Squatter: A person who unlawfully occupies an uninhabited building or unused land is called a
squatter. He may occupy the parcel of land or built-up structure for residential or business
purposes. The families, who have built their own structures on the land of the landlords with
some financial arrangements, which are not properly documented or legalized, are also
considered as squatters.
Tenant: A tenant is someone who pays rent for the place he/she lives in, or for land or buildings
that they use. The family residing/ occupying in the structures with some financial arrangements
with the landlords, which may not be properly documented or legalized, are also considered as
tenants.
Wheeler Vendor: A Vendor operating in a cart like structure on three or more wheels. Wheelers
are used mainly by mobile hawkers.
Women Headed Household (WHH): A household that is headed by a woman is called a Woman
Headed Household. The aforesaid woman may be a spinster or a widow or separated or deserted
by her husband.
Vulnerable Group (VG): A vulnerable group is a population that has some specific characteristics
that make it at higher risk of falling into poverty rather than others living in areas targeted by a
project and includes: (i) PAFs falling under Below Poverty Line (BPL) category; (ii) persons who
belong to Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST); (iii) Women Headed Households; (iv)
Elderly old age people living alone; and (v) Physically and mentally challenged/ disabled people.
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2 LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK
The Legal and Policy Framework (LPD) and principles adopted for addressing resettlement issues in the
Project have been guided by the proposed legislation and policies of the GOI, the state Government of
Andhra Pradesh and in accordance with the principles of APMB. Prior to the preparation of the
Resettlement Plan, a detailed analysis of the proposed national and state policies was undertaken and an
entitlement matrix has been prepared for the entire program. The section below provides details of the
various national and state level legislations studied and their applicability within this framework. This
Resettlement Policy is prepared based on the review and analysis of all applicable legal and policy
frameworks of the country and state policy requirements. A summary of applicable acts and policies is
presented in the following paragraphs and the detailed policy review and comparison is provided in the
entitlement matrix.
2.1 Purpose and Objective
As per the Detailed Project Report (DPR) approximately 1010.00 Acres of land would be required for the
development of proposed Greenfield Port at Bhavanapadu, Srikakulam District, Andhra Pradesh. Out of
total land, approximately 320.05 acres of land shall be acquired from patta land (private land), 234.44
acres from salt pan land, 122.06 acres from coastal belt land, 66.54 acres from revenue land, 2.99 acres
from forest land, 79.00 acre from waste land and 184.92 acres required for external rail and road
connectivity. While the patta land shall be acquired as per RFCTLARR-2013 and RFCTLARR (Andhra
Pradesh Amendment) Act 2018, the salt land, revenue land, coastal belt land and forest land shall be
transferred from respective government department. In addition, the habitation of village Mulapeta and
Pathlingadu have been proposed to be displaced and relocated with workable R&R Plan and all basic
amenities.
The impacts of the project will not be limited to the land acquisition but will also affect and displace
people residing and/ or operating their petty business or other activities from the structures that are
falling in Mulapeta and Pathlingadu villages. Thus, the project will cause both physical and economic
impacts. Therefore, improvements on land will be impacted leading to relocation, disruption of shelter
and business, loss of livelihood, etc. The broad impacts likely to be caused due to the proposed project
are:
Loss of land (built-up, agricultural, open barren etc.);
Severance of land plots;
Residual land area becoming unviable;
Loss of structure (full or partial) of Titleholder, Squatter, Encroacher, Occupant;
Loss of other properties and assets such as boundary walls, hand pumps, tube wells, dug wells
etc.;
Displacement of owners and tenants of both residential and commercial entities;
Loss of livelihood of land owners and persons associated with land and business;
Loss of kiosk, work shed etc.;
Loss of trees, standing crops etc.;
Loss of common property resources such as religious places, graveyard, cremation places, water resources, village gates, etc.;
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Impacts on the livelihood of persons losing business units including commercial encroachers and squatters,
Disruption of social network during the construction period and access to resources etc.
The purpose and objectives of legal and policy framework are to ensure that compensation and
resettlement and rehabilitation aspects of the project are consistent with the national, state laws,
notifications and policies. Resettlement and rehabilitation activities are implemented in accordance with
the provisions laid down under this section.
2.2 Legal Framework for Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Rehabilitation
The following section outlines the laws, policy principles and procedures recommended to be followed
for land acquisition, compensation and resettlement and rehabilitation assistance for project affected
households/ persons (PAHs/PAPs).
The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 (RFCTLARR, 2013);
The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement (Andhra Pradesh Amendment) Act, 2018;
Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Acts, 2006;
The Scheduled Castes and The Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989;
The Gazette of India, Extraordinary, S.O 425(E), Ministry of Rural Development Notification dated 9th February 2016;
The Provisions of the Panchayats (Extension to the Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996;
Right to Information Act, 2005; and
CSR activities under Companies Act, 2013.
The Resettlement and Rehabilitation policy is based on the fundamental principle that the project
affected persons should improve their socio-economic conditions after the implementation of the project
and also share the benefits of the project. The resettlements and rehabilitation principles are as under:
2.2.1 The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and
Resettlement Act, 2013 (RFCTLARR, 2013)
This Act repeals the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 and is applicable to all states in India. RFCTLARR, 2013 is
a first national/central law that addresses land acquisition and rehabilitation and resettlement. This Act
provides enhanced compensation as compared to earlier LA Act of 1894 and resettlement & rehabilitation
assistance. It provides enhanced compensation (factor of 2 in rural areas and a factor of 1 in urban areas).
The Act lays down procedures for providing resettlement & rehabilitation assistance, fair compensation
for the affected families (and not just the titleholders) due to land acquisition, rehabilitation, and
resettlement. Some of the key features include the following: (i) Preliminary investigations/preparation
of Social Impact Assessment (SIA) and prepare a Social Impact Management Plan (SIMP). (ii) Preliminary
notification stating: project/ public purpose; reasons necessitating land acquisition; summary of SIA; and
particulars of the Administrator appointed for the purpose of rehabilitation and resettlement; receipt of
objections and hearing after the approval of SIA and within 12 months from the date of SIA approval; (iii)
Preparation of Rehabilitation and Resettlement scheme and its declaration by the District Collector after
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the same is approved by the Commissioner-Rehabilitation and Resettlement; (iv) Public notice and award
of compensation and R&R assistances by District Collector (DC) within a period of twelve months from
the date of the award publication.
2.2.1.1 The objectives of this Act are as follows:
To minimize displacement and to promote, as far as possible, non-displacing or least displacing alternatives;
To ensure adequate rehabilitation package and expeditious implementation of the rehabilitation process with the active participation of the affected families;
To ensure that special care is taken especially for protecting the rights of the members of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and to create obligations on the State for their treatment with concern and sensitivity;
To provide a better standard of living, making concerted efforts for providing sustainable income to the affected families;
To integrate rehabilitation concerns into the development planning and implementation process; and
Where displacement is because of land acquisition, to facilitate the harmonious relationship between the requiring body and affected families through mutual cooperation.
2.2.1.2 The salient features of the RFCTLARR 2013 has been summarized below:
i. The Act provides for land acquisition as well as rehabilitation and resettlement. It replaces the
Land Acquisition Act, 1894 and National Rehabilitation and Resettlement Policy, 2007.
ii. The act provides for the baseline for compensation to be multiplied by a factor of 1 or 2 for urban
and rural areas.
iii. Social Impact Assessment is a key requirement; the Social Impact Assessment report shall be
examined by an independent multi-disciplinary expert group, which will also include social
science and rehabilitation experts; SIA is exempted in Andhra Pradesh under section 3 of
RFCTLARR (Andhra Pradesh Amendment) Act 2018. In Andhra Pradesh land acquisition is being
done through direct negotiation and entering an agreement with land owner by Competent
Authority for Land Acquisition under Andhra Pradesh RFCTLARR (Andhra Pradesh Amendment)
Act, 2018.
iv. The affected communities shall be duly informed and consulted at each stage, including public
hearings in the affected areas for social impact assessment, wide dissemination of the details of
the survey to be conducted for R&R plan.
v. Compensation in rural areas would be calculated by multiplying market value by 2 and adding
assets attached to the land or building and adding a solatium. In urban areas it would be market
value plus assets attached to the land and solatium.
vi. The Collector shall take possession of land only after ensuring that full payment of compensation
as well as rehabilitation and resettlement entitlements are paid or tendered to the entitled
persons; families will not be displaced from land till their alternative R&R sites are ready for
occupation.
vii. The benefits to be offered to the affected families include; land-for-land, to the extent
Government land would be available in the resettlement areas; preference for employment in
the project to at least one person from each nuclear family subject to the availability of vacancies
and suitability of the affected person; training and capacity building for taking up suitable jobs
and for self-employment; preference to groups of cooperatives of the affected persons in the
allotment of other economic opportunities in or around the project site; wage employment to
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the willing affected persons in the construction work in the project; housing benefits including
houses to the landless affected families in both rural and urban areas and other benefits.
viii. Financial support to the affected families for construction of cattle sheds, shops and working
sheds; transportation costs, temporary and transitional accommodation and comprehensive
infrastructural facilities and amenities in the resettlement area including education, healthcare,
drinking water, roads, electricity, sanitation, religious activities, cattle grazing and community
resources, etc.
ix. Special provision for the STs and SCs include preference in land-for-land; a Tribal Development
Plan (TDP) for settling land rights due, restoring titles of the Scheduled Tribes as well as the
Scheduled Castes on the alienated land; community consultations; upfront payment of one-third
of the compensation amounts the affected families initially as first instalment; payment of an
additional twenty-five percent i.e. relocated outside district. Rehabilitation and resettlement
benefits to which they are entitled in monetary terms along with a one-time entitlement of fifty
thousand rupees.
x. For ensuring transparency, provision has been made for mandatory dissemination of information
on displacement, rehabilitation, and resettlement, with names of the affected persons and
details of the rehabilitation packages. Such information shall be placed in the public domain on
the Internet as well as shared with the concerned Gram Sabha and Panchayat, etc. by the project
authorities.
xi. No income tax shall be levied, and no stamp duty shall be charged on any amount that accrues
to an individual because of the provisions of the new law.
xii. The final award will include damage to any standing crops and trees which might have been
harmed due to the process of acquisition (including the preliminary inspection).
2.2.1.3 The important Schedules and Sections of RFCTLARR 2013 are presented in the Table below:
Table 2.1: Important Schedules and Sections of RFCTLARR 2013
S. No. Schedule/Section Descriptions
Schedules
1 The First Schedule Compensation for Land Owners
2 The Second Schedule Elements of Rehabilitation and Resettlement Entitlements for all the
affected families (both land owners and the families whose livelihood is
primarily dependent on land acquired) in addition to those provided in
the first schedule.
3 The Third Schedule Provision of Infrastructural Amenities
4 The Fourth Schedule List of enactments regulating LA and R&R
Sections
5 Section 4 Preparation of SIA Study (within a period of 6 months from the date of its
commencements)
6 Section 5 A public hearing for SIA
7 Section 6 Publication of SIA study
8 Section 7 Appraisal of SIA report by an expert group. Recommendation to be made
by the expert group in 2 months from the date of its constitution
9 Section 8 Examinations of proposals for LA and SIA report by appropriate
Government.
10 Section 9 Exemption from SIA (invoking the urgency provisions U/s 40
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S. No. Schedule/Section Descriptions
11 Section 10 Special provisions to safeguard food security (not applicable in case of
projects that are linear in nature- Railways, Highways, MDR, irrigations
canals, power lines etc.)
12 Section 11 Publications of preliminary notification and power of officers (to be
issued within 12 months from the date of appraisal of SIA report
submitted by the expert group U/s 7).
13 Section 12 A preliminary survey of land and power of officers to carry out a survey
14 Section 13 Payment for damage
15 Section 14 Lapse of SIA report (notification U/s 11 to be issued within 12 months
from the date of appraisal of the report). Appropriate Government may
extend the period of 12 months justifying the circumstances in writing.
16 Section 15 Hearing of objections (within 60 days from the date of publication of
preliminary notification U/s 11).
17 Section 19 Publication of declaration and summary of Rehabilitation &
Resettlement.
18 Section 25 Period within which award to be made (12 months from the date of
publications of the declarations U/s 19). In case no award is made within
the period the entire process of LA shall lapse.
19 Section 26 Determination of market value of land by Collector.
20 Section 27 Determination of amount of compensation.
21 Section 30 Award of solatium and interest @12% to be paid in every case.
2.2.1.4 Summary of RFCTLARR 2013
Social Impact Assessment is a pre-requisite before publishing a preliminary notification under sub-section (1) of section 11 for initiating the land acquisition process.
The notification issued under sub-section (1) of section 11 shall contain a statement on the nature of the public purpose involved, reasons necessitating the displacement of affected persons, summary of the Social Impact Assessment Report and particulars of the Administrator appointed for the purposes of rehabilitation and resettlement under section 43.
However, provisions under section 10 (dealing with food security) are exempted in case of projects that are linear in nature including railways.
The time period for completing the SIA - from the issuance of notification under sub-section (1) of section 4 is 6 months. The time period required for evaluation of SIA report by Expert Group is 2 months. Overall time required for SIA and completing other formalities before publishing a preliminary notification under section 11, RFCTLARR Act 2013 is one year.
Land acquired under this act shall vest in the name of acquiring agency.
The time required for land acquisition including SIA report is a minimum of two (2) years.
Compensation and rehabilitation and resettlement assistance as per Schedule I & II of RFCTLARR Act, 2013.
2.2.2 Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and
i. This Act was published in first time on the 30th May, 2018 in the Andhra Pradesh Gazette for
general information and deemed to have come into effect on 1st January 2014.
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ii. Section 3 of this Act states that provisions of Chapter II and Chapter III of RFCTLARR 2013
(hereinafter referred to as Principal Act) shall not be applicable to certain projects such as:
(a) Such Projects vital to national security or defence of India and every part thereof, including
preparation for defence or defence production.
(b) Rural Infrastructure including electrification.
(c) Affordable housing and housing for the poor people.
(d) Industrial Corridor set up by the State Government and its undertakings (in which case the land
shall be acquired up to one kilometer on both sides of designated railway lines or roads for such
industrial corridor).
(e) Infrastructure Projects, including projects under Public-Private Partnership where the ownership
of the land continues to vest with the Government.
iii. As per Section 4 of this Act, after Section 23 of Principal Act following sub-sections has been
inserted:
(a) Section 23A: If the Collector is satisfied that all the persons interested in the land who appears
before him have agreed in writing on the matters to be included in the award of the Collector in
the form prescribed, he may, without making further enquiry, make an award according to the
terms of such agreement.
(b) The determination of compensation for any land under sub-section (1) shall not in any way affect
the determination of compensation in respect of other lands in the same locality or elsewhere in
accordance with the other provisions of this Act.
iv. Section 5 (Voluntary Acquisition of Land) of this Act states that in Principal Act, in sub-section (2)
of Section 24 following amendment has been made:
(a) In existing proviso, for expression “Where an award has been made” the expression “where the
said award has been made 5 years or more prior to the commencement of this Act” shall be
substituted.
v. Section 6 of this Act states that in the Principal Act, after Chapter-IV, the Chapter IVA has been
inserted. As per the provision made under this section:
(a) As per this section, State Government or its Authorized Office will enter into an agreement with the willing land owner to sell the land in favour of the State for the matters specified therein in a prescribed form.
(b) The State Government or its Authorized Office shall pass an order in terms of agreement under this amendment for acquisition, and substance of the order shall be notified in the Gazette. On such publication of notification, the title, ownership and all interests of the land owner who enters into agreement, shall vest with the State, free from all encumbrances.
(c) If any family, other than the family of the land owner who entered into an agreement, is affected by the acquisition of land under this section, the State Government shall pay a lump-sum amount towards rehabilitation and resettlement, if any, as prescribed in the rules framed hereunder.
vi. Section 7 (Payment of Lump-sum amount by State Government): Under this section, Section 31A
has been inserted in the Principal Act. Under this amendment, whenever the land is to be
acquired for any projects as notified in Section 10A, it shall be competent for the State
Government to pay such lump sum amount as may be prescribed in the rules in lieu of
Rehabilitation and Resettlement.
vii. Section 8 of this amendment states that if any legal authority find that the money has been paid
wrongly to any person under this Act, the State Government or its Authorized person or Collector
shall recover the same as arrears of land revenue.
viii. Under Section 9 of this Act, in the Principal Act, in Section 46, in Sub-section (6), in the
Explanation, in clause (b), the word “any person other than” has been omitted.
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2.2.3 The Gazette of India, Extraordinary, S.O 425(E), Ministry of Rural Development Notification
dated 9th February 2016
In exercise of the powers conferred by column no. 3 of serial no. 2 of the First Schedule read with
subsection (2) of Section 30 of the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition,
Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 (No. 30 of 2013), the Central Government, hereby, notifies
that in case of rural areas, the factor by which the market value is to be multiplied shall be 2.00 (two).
2.2.4 The Provisions of the Panchayats (Extension to the Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996
This Act, commonly known as PESA Act, 1996, extending the benefits of the 73rd Constitutional
Amendment to the Schedule V Areas of the country. This Act accords statutory status to the Gram Sabhas
in Schedule V areas with wide-ranging powers and authority to protect the economic, political and cultural
interest of indigenous peoples. The Act has recognized the prevailing traditional practices and customary
laws besides providing the management and control of all the natural resources - land, water, and forest
in the hands of people living in the Schedule Areas. The Act empowers people in the tribal areas through
self-governance. As per PESA, the Gram Sabha will be involved in approval of development plans and
programs, all decisions related to land acquisition as well as rehabilitation of affected persons. Important
provisions of the PESA 1996 are:
Gram Sabha shall safeguard and preserve the traditions and customs of the people, their cultural identity, community resources and the customary mode of dispute resolution.
Gram Sabha shall be responsible for approval of plans, programs, and projects for social and economic development.
Gram Sabha shall be responsible for the identification or selection of persons as beneficiaries under the development programs.
Consultation with Panchayat prior to land acquisition and Rehabilitation & Resettlement activities in the scheduled areas.
Endows ownership of minor forest produces (MFPs) to Panchayats.
Gram Sabha has the power to prevent alienation of land in Scheduled areas and to take appropriate action to restore any unlawfully alienated land of Scheduled Tribes (STs).
Provision of Land Acquisition is mentioned in section 4(i) of PESA Act, 1996. The Gram Sabha or the
Panchayats at the appropriate level shall be consulted before making the acquisition of land in the
Scheduled Areas for development projects and before re-settling or rehabilitating persons affected by
such projects in the Scheduled Areas; the actual planning and implementation of the projects in the
Scheduled Areas shall be coordinated at the State level.
Recognizing the special needs of the STs, the Constitution of India has made certain special safeguards to
protect the interest of these indigenous communities from all possible exploitation and injustice. The Fifth
Schedule is the constitutional provision with reference to the administration and development of the
Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes in India. The Schedule has been framed to protect of the rights of
the tribal peoples on their land, forest and water as their natural rights. This provides for the
administration and control of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes. The proposed project Greenfield
Port Project at Bhavanapadu does not fall in any of Schedule V area. Hence, this Act is not applicable for
this project.
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2.2.5 The Scheduled Tribes and other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act
2006.
The Act is applicable in case the proposed Greenfield Port Project comes under forest areas inhabited by
tribal or traditional forest dwelling community. This law protects their traditional livelihood rights and
community rights over forest resources and commons.
The Scheduled Tribes and other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006,
recognizes and vests the forest rights and occupation in forest land to Scheduled Tribes and other
traditional forest dwellers who have been residing in such forests for generations but whose rights are
not recorded.
This Act is for members or community of the Scheduled Tribes who primarily reside in forests or forest
lands for their livelihood, including Scheduled Tribe pastoralist communities or the members or
community of the Scheduled Tribes who have been residing in the forest for 75 years.
The Government of India (GoI) recognizes and vests forest rights with forest dwelling STs, where they are
declared as STs, and other traditional forest dwellers. The Act provides a detailed list of rights to ST and
forest dwellers. These rights can be broadly divided into the following:
Title rights (ownership)- Refers to land that is being cultivated by tribal or forest dwellers as on December 13, 2005, subject to a maximum of 4 hectares;
Ownership is only for land that is being cultivated by the concerned family as on that date, meaning that no new lands are granted;
User rights- Refers to minor forest produce (also including ownership), to grazing areas, ponds for fishing, to pastoralist routes, etc.
Relief and development rights- Refers to rehabilitation in case of illegal eviction or forced displacement and to basic amenities, subject to restrictions for forest protection;
Forest management rights - Refers to protect forests and wildlife;
Rights to indigenous knowledge - Refers to biodiversity and community right to intellectual property and traditional knowledge related to biodiversity and cultural diversity; and
Traditional rights- Refers to any other traditional rights enjoyed by forest dwellers except the right of hunting or trapping or extracting any part of any wild animal.
Authority and Procedure for Vesting of Forest Rights: The Gram Sabhas (GS) will be the authority for
determining the nature and extent of individual or community forest rights.
2.2.6 The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989
The communities like Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) are socio-economically excluded
community and therefore more vulnerable to exploitation and atrocities caused by dominant community.
To prevent various forms of atrocities this law was enacted by the Parliament in 1989. This is a stringent
Act and the offenses under this Act are cognizable and non-bail able. In the process of possible
resettlement– voluntary or involuntary due to Port Project utmost care will be taken that any action or
practice does contravene any provisions in the Act. Some of the atrocities specified in the Act are forcing
an SC/ST person to drink or eat any inedible or obnoxious substances, dumping excreta, waste water,
carcasses or any other obnoxious substances in his/her premises or neighbourhood; forcibly removing
clothes; parading naked or with painted face; wrongfully occupying or cultivating any land owned by or
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allotted to SC/ST; compelling or enticing him to do begging, bonded labour, forcing or intimidating to take
certain decision; instituting false, malicious, vexatious suit or criminal/legal proceeding against SC/ST
person; intentionally insulting or intimidating with intent to humiliate in any place within public view;
using derogatory language against SC/ST person; outraging the modesty of or committing rape on SC/ST
woman; corrupting or fouling any sources of water used by members of SC/ST; and denying SC/ST people
his right of passage and causing him to leave his house, village or other place of residence.
2.2.7 Right to Information Act, 2005
The Act provides for setting out the practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access
to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and
accountability in the working of every public authority, the constitution of a Central Information
Commission and State Information Commissions and for matters connected therewith or incidental
thereto.
Only citizens can apply for information,
All public authorities are answerable under this Act,
Nature of the information must be relevant to the administration of the State,
Applicant need not provide reasons,
The information must be disseminated within 30 days,
Reasons for rejection of an application to be provided,
Provision of First Appellate Authority and the Second Appellate Authority,
The limitation to file and dispose of the appeals,
Information is one which is already recorded in official records and published, and
Information requested should not relate to any exempted matter under the Act.
2.2.8 CSR activities under Companies Act 2013
As per Companies Act (2013), companies meeting financial criteria laid down in the Act are required to
fulfill the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) mandate and spend 2% of their net profits on CSR activities
broadly specified in Schedule VII of the Act. The Rules “Companies (Corporate Social Responsibility Policy)
Rules, 2014” came into force since 1st April 2014. Companies meeting the following criteria during any of
last 3 financial years needs to undertake CSR activity:
The net worth of more than INR 500 Crores, or
Turn over more than INR 1000 Crores, or
Net profit of more than INR 5 Crores.
Types of activities permitted as per Schedule VII of Companies Act is has been presented in the Table
below:
Table 2.2: Types of Activities as per Scheduled VII of Companies Act
S. No. Categories List of Activities
1. Category-I Eradication of extreme hunger and poverty.
Supplementing government schemes like- mid-day meal by corporate through additional nutrition.
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S. No. Categories List of Activities
Promoting health care including preventive health care and sanitation including contribution to the Swachh Bharat Kosh set-up by the Central Government for the promotion of sanitation.
Providing medical aid.
Making safe drinking water available.
2. Category-II Promoting education of masses.
Special education and employment enhancing vocation skills especially among children, women, elderly and the differently abled.
Livelihood enhancement projects.
3. Category-III Promoting gender equality.
Women Empowerment.
Setting up homes and hostels for women and orphans.
Setting up old age homes, day care centers and such other facilities for senior citizens.
Measures for reducing inequalities faced by socially and economically backward groups.
4. Category-IV Environmental Sustainability.
Ecological balance and Protection of flora and fauna.
Animal welfare, agroforestry, and conservation of natural resources.
Maintaining quality of soil, air and water including contribution to the Clean Ganga Fund setup by the Central Government for rejuvenation of river Ganga.
Water Sprinklers for agricultural purpose.
5. Category-V Protection of natural heritage, art, and culture.
Restoration of buildings and sites of historical importance and works of art.
Setting up public libraries.
Promotion and development of traditional arts and handicrafts.
6. Category-VI Measures for the benefit of:
Armed-forces veterans,
War widows and their dependents.
7. Category-VII Training to promote:
Rural sports,
Nationally recognized sports,
Paralympic sports, and
Olympic sports.
8. Category-VIII Contribution to Prime Minister's Relief Fund and Other Such State and Central Funds.
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S. No. Categories List of Activities
Any other fund setup by the Central Government for socio-economic development and relief and welfare of the scheduled castes, the scheduled tribes, other backward classes, minorities and women.
9. Category-IX Contributions or funds provided to technology incubators located within academic institutions, which are approved by Central Government
10. Category-X Rural Development projects.
Rural Electrifications.
Enhancing rural connectivity.
Installation of solar lights.
Infrastructure development.
11. Category-XI Slum Area Development.
Housing for Economically Weaker Sections.
2.3 Applicable Social Safeguard Policy for proposed Greenfield Port Project at Bhavanapadu
The social safeguard policies applicable for the proposed project are summarized in the Table below:
S.
No.
Acts, Notifications and
Policies
Relevant to the Project Applicability
1. RFCTLARR 2013 The Act lays down procedures for land acquisition
and providing resettlement & rehabilitation
assistance.
Applicable
2. Right to Fair
Compensation and
Transparency in Land
Acquisition,
Rehabilitation and
Resettlement (Andhra
Pradesh Amendment)
Act, 2018
This Act was published in first time on the 30th
May, 2018 in the Andhra Pradesh Gazette for
general information and deemed to have come into
effect on 1st January 2014.
As per Section 3 of this Act Chapter II and Chapter
III of RFCTLARR 2013 are not applicable for this
Project.
As per this Act, State Government or its Authorized
Office will enter into an agreement with the willing
land owner to sell the land in favour of the State for
the matters specified therein in a prescribed form.
Applicable
3. The Gazette of India,
Extraordinary, S.O
425(E), Ministry of
Rural Development
Notification dated 9th
February 2016
Notifies that market value of land shall be
multiplied by a factor of 2 in the case of rural areas.
Applicable
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2.4 Entitlement Matrix
Compensation for the lost assets to all displaced persons will be paid on the basis of replacement cost.
Resettlement assistance for lost income and livelihoods will be provided to both title holders and non-
title holders. Special resettlement and rehabilitation measures will be made available to the “Vulnerable
Group” comprises of DPs living below poverty line (BPL), SC, ST, women headed households, the elderly
and the disabled. An Entitlement Matrix has been formulated, which recognizes and lists various types of
losses resulting out of the project and specific compensation and resettlement packages. Entitlement
Matrix presented in Table below:
Table 2.3: Entitlement Matrix
S. No. Impact Category Entitlements Implementation Guidelines
PART I. TITLE HOLDERS-Compensation for Loss of Private Property
1 Loss of Land
(agricultural,
homestead,
commercial or
otherwise)
1.1 Compensation for land at
Replacement Cost or Land for
land, where feasible
Land will be acquired by the
competent authority in accordance
with the provisions of RFCTLARR
Act, 2013 and Andhra Pradesh
RFCTLARR (Andhra Pradesh
Amendment) Act, 2018.
Replacement cost for Land will be,
higher of (i) market value as per
Indian Stamp Act, 1899 for the
registration of sale deed or
agreements to sell, in the area
where land is situated; or
(ii)average sale price for similar
type of land, situated in the nearest
village or nearest vicinity area,
ascertained from the highest 50%
of sale deeds of the preceding
3years; or (iii) consented amount
paid for PPPs or private companies.
Plus 100%solatium and
12%interest from date of
notification to award.
The multiplier factor adopted by
State Government for land in rural
area, based on the distance from
urban area to the affected area,
will be applied.
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S. No. Impact Category Entitlements Implementation Guidelines
In case of severance of land, house,
manufactory or other building,
As per Section 94(1), the whole
land and /or structure shall be
acquired, if the owner so desires.
2 Loss of Structure
(house, shop,
building or
immovable
property or assets
attached to the
land)
2.1 Compensation at replacement
cost
The market value of structures and
other immovable properties will be
determined by Competent
Authority for Land Acquisition
(CALA) on the basis of relevant
Schedule of rates (SR) as on date
without depreciation and
consultation with Roads and
Building Department.
Plus 100% solatium
For partly affected structures, the
DP will have the option of –
claiming compensation for the
entire structure, if the remaining
portion is unviable.
PART II. REHABILITATION AND RESETTLEMENT- Both Land Owners and Families Whose Livelihood is
Primarily Dependent on Land Acquired
3 Loss of land 3.1 Employment to at least one
member per affected family in
the project or arrange for a job
in such other project as may be
required after providing
suitable training and skill
development in the required
field and at a rate not lower
than the minimum wages
provided for in any other law
for the time being in force.
Or
One-time payment of
Rs.5,00,000/-for each affected
household.
Or
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S. No. Impact Category Entitlements Implementation Guidelines
Annuity policy that shall pay Rs,
2000/- per month for 20 years
with appropriate indexation to
CPITAL
3.2 Monthly subsistence allowance
of Rs, 3000/-per month for a
period of one year to affected
households who require to
relocate due to the project
3.3 Transportation assistance of Rs.
50,000/- for affected
households who require to
relocate due to the project
3.4 One-time assistance of Rs.
25,000/- to all those who loss a
cattle shed
3.5 One time Resettlement
Allowance of Rs, 50,000/- for
affected household who have
to relocate
3.6 Additional onetime assistance
of Rs, 50,000/-to scheduled
caste and scheduled tribe
families who are displaced from
scheduled areas and who
require to relocate due to the
project.
4 Loss of Residence 4.1 An alternative house for those
who have to relocate, as per IAY
specification in rural areas and
constructed house/flat of
minimum 50sq.m. in urban
areas or cash in lieu of house if
opted (the cash in lieu of house
will be Rs, 70,000/-in the line
with Gol IAY standards in rural
areas and Rs, 1,50,000 in case
of urban areas) , for those who
do not have any homestead
land and who have been
Stamp Duty and registration
charges will be borne by the project
in case of new houses or sites.
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S. No. Impact Category Entitlements Implementation Guidelines
residing in the affected areas
continuously for a minimum
period of 3years
4.2 Employment to at least one
member per affected family in
the project or arrange for a job
in such other project as may be
required after providing
suitable training and skill
development in the required
field and at a rate not lower
than the minimum wages
provided for any other law for
the time being in force.
Or
One Time payment of Rs,
5,00,000/- for each affected
household.
Or
Annuity policy that shall pay Rs,
2000/- per month or 20 years
with appropriate indexation to
CPITAL.
4.3 Monthly subsistence allowance
of Rs, 3000/- per month for a
period of one year to affected
households who require to
locate due to the project.
4.4 Transportation assistance of Rs.
50,000/- for affected
households who require to
relocate due to the project.
4.5 One-time assistance of Rs.
25,000/-to all those who lose a
cattle shed.
4.6 One-time assistance of Rs.
25,000/- for each affected
family of an artisan or self-
employed and who has to
relocate
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S. No. Impact Category Entitlements Implementation Guidelines
4.7 One-time Resettlement
Allowance of Rs. 50,000/-for
affected household who have
to relocate
4.8 Additional onetime assistance
of Rs. 50,000/-to scheduled
caste and scheduled tribe
families who are displaced from
scheduled areas and who
require to relocate due to the
project.
4.9 Right to salvage affected
materials.
5 Loss of shop /trade
/commercial
structure
5.1 Employment to at least one
number per affected family in
the project or arrange for a job
in such other project as may be
required after providing
suitable training and skill
development in the required
field and at a rate not lower
than the minimum wages
provided for in any other law.
Or
One-time Payment of Rs.
5,00,000/-for each affected
household
Or
Annuity policy that shall pay Rs.
2000/-per month for 20 years
with appropriate indexation to
CPITAL
5.2 Monthly subsistence allowance
of Rs. 3000/- per month for a
period of one year to affected
household who require to
relocate due to the project
5.3 Transportation assistance of Rs.
50,000/-for affected household
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S. No. Impact Category Entitlements Implementation Guidelines
who require to relocate due to
the project.
5.4 One-time assistance of Rs.
25,000/-for each affected
family of an artisan or self-
employed or small trader and
who has to relocate.
5.5 One-time Resettlement
Allowance of Rs. 50,000/-for
affected household who have
to relocate.
5.6 Additional onetime assistance
of Rs. 50,000/-to scheduled
caste and scheduled tribe
families who are displaced from
scheduled areas and who
require to relocate due- to the
project
5.7 Right to salvage affected
materials.
PART III. IMPACT TO SQUATTERS/ENCROACHERS-
6 Impact of
Squatters
6.1
6.1.1
Loss of House
Compensation at scheduled
rates without depreciation for
structure with 1-month notice
to demolish the affected
structure.
Only those directly affected
squatters who live there will be
eligible for all assistance.
Structure owners within project
boundary/ Government lands who
do not live there and have rented
out the structure will be provided
compensation for structure and no
other assistance will be provided to
them. The occupier (squatter-
tenant) will be eligible for other
assistance.
6.1.2 Right to salvage the affected
materials.
6.1.3 House construction grant of Rs.
70,000/-for all those who have
to relocate and who do not
have a house.
Additional house site grants of
Rs. 50,000 to those who do not
have a house site
6.1.4 One-time subsistence
allowance of Rs. 18,000/-
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S. No. Impact Category Entitlements Implementation Guidelines
6.1.5 One time Shifting assistance of
Rs. 10,000/-
6.2
6.2.1
Loss of shop
Compensation at scheduled
rates without depreciation for
structure with one-month
notice to demolish affected
structure.
Only those directly affected
squatters who do business there
will be eligible for all assistance.
Structure owners in Government
lands who do not live there and
have rented out the structure will
be provided compensation for
structure and no other assistance
will be provided to them.
6.2.2 Right to salvage the affected
materials.
6.2.3 One-time rehabilitation grants
of Rs. 20,000/-for
reconstruction of affected
shop.
6.2.4 One time subsistence
allowance of Rs.18,000/-
The occupier (squatter-tenant) will
be eligible for other assistance.
6.2.5 Shifting time assistance of Rs.
10,000/-
6.3
6.3.1
Kiosks/ Street Vendors
1-month advance notice to
relocate to nearby place for
continuance of economic
activity.
APMB and the implementation
support NGO/ agency will consult
such DPs and assess the
requirement of subsistence
allowance and rehabilitation grant.
6.3.2 For temporary loss of livelihood
during construction period, a
monthly subsistence allowance
of Rs. 3000/-will be paid for the
duration of disruption to
livelihood, but not exceeding 3-
Months.
6.3.3 If relocation to nearby place
and continuance of economic
activity in the same place is not
possible, then one-time
rehabilitation grants of Rs.
18,000/-
6.4
6.4.1
Cultivation
2-month notice to harvest
standing crops or market value
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S. No. Impact Category Entitlements Implementation Guidelines
of compensation for standing
crops.
7 Impact to
Encroachers
7.1
7.1.1
Cultivation
2-month notice to harvest
standing crops or market value
of compensation for standing
crops, if notice is not given
Market value for the loss of
standing crops will be decided by
the CALA in consultation with the
agriculture or Horticulture
Department
7.2
7.2.1
Structure
1-month notice to demolish the
encroached structure
7.2.2 Compensation at scheduled
rates without depreciation for
the affected portion of the
structure
The value of commercial structure
and other immovable properties
will be determined by CALA on the
basis of relevant scheduled rates
(SR) as on date without
depreciation
PART IV. IMPACT TO VULNERABLE HOUSEHOLD
8 Vulnerable
Household
8.1 Training for skill development.
This assistance includes cost of
training and financial assistance
for travel/conveyance and
food.
One adult member of the affected
household, whose livelihood is
affected, will be entitled for skill
development.
8.2 One-time assistance of Rs.
25,000/-to DHs who have to
relocate.
NGO will identify the number of
eligible vulnerable displaced
persons during joint verification
and shall update the RP and will
conduct training need assessment
in consultations with the DPs so as
to develop appropriate training
programmes suitable to the DPs
skill, education and the region.
Suitable trainers or local resources
will be identified by APMB and
NGO in consultation with local
training institutes/NSDC.
PART V. IMPACT DURING CIVIL WORKS
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S. No. Impact Category Entitlements Implementation Guidelines
9 Impact to structure
/assets/ tree/
crops
9.1 The contractor is liable to pay
damages to assets/tree/crops
in privet/public land, caused
due to civil works
APMB will ensure compliance
10 Use of private land 10.1 The contractor should obtain
prior written consent from the
landowner and pay mutually
agreed rental for use of private
land for storage of material or
movement of vehicles and
machinery or diversion of
traffic during civil works
PART VI. COMMON PROPERTY RESOURCES
11 Impact to common
property resources
such as places of
worship,
community
buildings, schools,
etc.
11.1 Relocation or restoration, if
feasible, or cash compensation
at replacement cost.
12 Utilities such as
water supply,
electricity, etc.
12.1 Will be relocated and services
restored prior to
commencement of civil works
The APMB will ensure that utilities
are relocated prior to
commencement of civil works in
accordance with the civil works
schedule.
PART VII. UNFORSEEN IMPACT
Unforeseen Impacts encountered during implementation will be addressed in accordance with the
principles of RFCTLARR2013/ Andhra Pradesh RFCTLARR (Andhra Pradesh Amendment) Act, 2018. In
addition to the all entitlements given in the non-tribal area, Tribal Development Plan will be prepared
for development assistance of the affected tribal communities in course of the competent authorities’
community and human development plans covering the following aspects:
a. Contribution of existing tribal development and/or human development plans
b. Assistance of competent authorities to prepare new tribal development plans and implement the
plans
c. Development of alternate fuel, fodder and non-timber forest produce resources on non-forest lands
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3 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY
3.1 Approach
The initial approach includes several discussions with the officials of APMB along with reconnaissance
visits to the site. The study approach has a combination of Review of available related data and
documents, Data collection from secondary sources and primary data collection through reconnaissance
surveys, Consultations with the stakeholders.
A combination of qualitative and quantitative approach shall be adopted for the Social Impact
Assessment. Socio-economic survey of representative sample households shall be conducted for
collection of information on current status of their living and magnitude of probable impact. The
qualitative research approach through Consultations and Focus Group Discussions with the primary
stakeholders shall also be adopted to gain a deeper understanding of the project impact. These
techniques also facilitate the involvement of the project affected people in the project and provide their
suggestions.
3.2 Methodology
The various steps shall be adopted to conduct Social Impact Assessment which are described in the Table
3.1 below:
Table 3.1: Steps taken to prepare SIA & RAP Reports
STEP: 1 Mobilization
Meeting and discussions with APMB
Reconnaissance Survey/ Site visit
STEP: 2 Desk Research
Review of relevant data and documents
Study of Detailed Project Report, Layout Drawing, Acts & Policies, Guidelines and other
administrative documents
Collection of data/ information from Secondary Sources
Formulation of Data Collection instruments from primary sources
STEP: 3 Field Studies
Site Visit for verifying the impact zone on ground and identify the impact zones/ areas
Selection of Enumerators and Supervisors and their field training
(It consisted of detail discussions on Questionnaires and Data collection methods, sampling
process, identification of project households etc.)
Discussions with local community and local people about the projects, its benefits and
adversities.
Conduct of Socio-Economic Survey
Conduct of Public/ Community Consultations
Focused Group Discussions
STEP: 4 Data Processing & Data Analysis
Scrutiny of filled-in-Questionnaires
Coding, data entry & verification
Tabulation of data
Generation of trial and final tables and
Data analysis to prepare output tables
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STEP: 5 Preparation of R&R Estimates
R&R Estimate shall be carried out after Census and Socio-economic Survey
STEP: 6 Generation of Reports
Generation of Draft SIA & RAP report
Final SIA & RAP reports after incorporating the comments and clarifications of Client.
Conventionally, the Census Survey shall be conducted for all affected families and sample Socio-economic
survey shall be conducted for approximately 25 percent of the Project Affected Families.
3.2.1 Public Consultations
Public Consultations/Focused Group Discussion shall be conducted with the Project Affected Persons
(PAPs) and relevant stakeholders at various locations in the project area. During public consultations
issues related to design of the project, benefits, land acquisition, compensation, income restoration,
employment generation, grievance redress, road access, safety etc. shall be discussed.
The Stakeholders consulted are a) primary stakeholders, who are affected persons and b) secondary
stakeholders, who are officials of Panchayats and local institutions. The consultations included the
following entities/ institutions as stakeholders.
Project Affected People
General Public
Head/ Sarpanch of the villages
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4 SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE OF THE STUDY AREA
4.1 Project Impact Area
The proposed Development of Greenfield Port at Bhavanapadu falls under Srikakulam district in the State
of Andhra Pradesh. The Primary Project Impact Area (PIA) is identified as direct project impact area that
is the villages under which proposed project falls. The project may also have major influence in Srikakulam
District (secondary PIA) and Andhra Pradesh state (tertiary PIA).
The socio-economic profiles of the secondary and tertiary project influence area are based on Census
2011 and other secondary official sources of information. The primary data through Socio-economic
surveys (25%) of the likely project affected households has been collected through stratified sampling
method in the month of November 2021.
4.2 Tertiary Project Impact Area (PIA): The State of Andhra Pradesh
Demography:
The total population of Andhra Pradesh is 4,93,86,799 in which 2,47,38,068 are male and 2,46,48,731 are
female. In terms of population, Andhra Pradesh is the tenth largest state in the Country accounting for
4.10% of the total population of the country, as per 2011 Census. The decadal growth of population is
9.21% during 2001-11, lower than the All-India's growth rate of 17.70%. With 13 districts and with a
geographical area of 1,62,970 SqKm, Andhra Pradesh ranks as the 8th largest State in the country.
Situated in a tropical region, the state has the 2nd longest coastline in the country with a length of 974
km.
The density of population for Andhra Pradesh as per 2011 Census is 304 persons per square kilometer, as
against 382 persons per square kilometer at all India level in 2011. The sex ratio in the state was up from
983 in 2001 to 997 in 2011 and is higher than all India figure of 943.
Literacy:
The literacy rate of the State is 67.41% in 2011 as compared to 62.07 percent in 2001. The literacy rate of
the State is lower than the all India literacy rate of 72.98 percent. Literacy in Andhra Pradesh increased
over 37 percentage points from 29.94 percent in 1981 to 67.35 percent in 2011. Female literacy rate has
gone up from 52.72% in 2001 to 59.96% in 2011.
Economic Status of the State
The sectoral growth rates of GVA (Grass Value Added) of Andhra Pradesh for 2020-21 at constant (2011-
12) price are Agriculture: 4.16%, Industry: (-) 3.26% and Services sector: (-) 6.71%. The Per Capita Income
(NSDP) of Andhra Pradesh at current prices has registered a growth of 1.03% as it increased from Rs.
1,68,480 in 2019-20 (FRE) to Rs. 170,215 in 2020-21, Whereas the Per Capita Income of All India has
decreased from Rs. 1,34,186 in 2019-20 to Rs. 1,27,768 (AE) in 2020-21.
The revenue composition of the state in FY 2019-20 indicate that Rs. 57,601 crores accrued from Own Tax
sources, Rs.3315 crores from Own Non-Tax sources and Rs. 50,957 crores of Central Transfers.
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Connectivity and Transportation:
The total R&B Road Network (excluding National Highways) in the State as on December 2020 was 46225
Km, comprising 13500 Kms of State Highways, 32725 Kms of Major district road and Rural roads. The
density of National Highways is 13.72 Km per lakh population (2011) in the State as against all India
average of 10.89 km and in terms of area coverage, a length of 41.46 km is available for every 1,000 Sq.
km in the State as against all India average of 40.00 km/1,000Sq.km.
There are 38 National Highways in the state of Andhra Pradesh covering a length of 6943.69 Km. Out of
6943.69 Km National Highways in the state, a total length of 2524.15 Km is under the control of NHAI,
833.24 Km with MoRT&H, PIU and 3586.30 Km under the control of State PWD. Under Panchayat Raj
Engineering Department, the total length of the rural roads as on 01.04.2020 in the state is 79,636 KMs.
Currently there are 6 operational Airports in Andhra Pradesh which connect with major cities. Domestic
Airports: Rajahmundry, Kadapa, Orvakallu at Kurnool and Puttaparthi (Pvt) and International Airports:
Vishakhapatnam, Vijayawada and Tirupati. The Orvakallu Airport got both DGCA license and BCAS
approval for public use and the APADCL working towards bring the commercial Airlines to start the
operations and also actively pursuing to bring the Flight Training Organization.
4.3 Secondary Project Impact Area (PIA): Srikakulam District
Srikakulam District is the extreme Northeastern District of Andhra Pradesh situated within the geographic
Co-ordinates of 180 -20’ and 190 - 10’ of Northern latitude and 830 -50’ and 840 -50’ of Eastern longitude.
The district is bounded on the North by Rayagada, Gajapati & Ganjam districts of Odisha State, West by
Vizianagaram district while South & East by Bay of Bengal. The total area of the district is 5,837 square
kilometres. The district is comprising into 3 revenue divisions (Palakonda, Srikakulam and Tekkali), 38
revenue Mandals, 1865 revenue villages and 1091 village Panchayats. The district has also 1 Municipal
Table 1.9: Water Requirement details. ................................................................................................. 16
Table 1.10: Power Requirement details................................................................................................ 16
Table 1.11: Details of Land to be Acquired/Transferred for the Proposed Project .............................. 16
Table 2.1: Details of the Villages Surveyed ........................................................................................... 18
Table 3.1: Forest Cover in Project State and Project District ............................................................... 21
Table 3.2: List of Major Tree Species found in the Study Area ............................................................. 23
Table 3.3: List of Major Shrub Species found in the Study Area ........................................................... 28
Table 3.4: List of Major Herbaceous Flora found in the Study Area ..................................................... 30
Table 3.5: Important Mammalian Species Found in the Study Area .................................................... 39
Table 3.6: Amphibians recorded in and around the wetlands of Study Area ....................................... 39
Table 3.7: Reptiles recorded in and around the wetlands of Study Area ............................................. 40
Table 3.8: Avi-Faunal Species recorded in and around the wetlands of Study Area ............................ 41
Table 4.1: List of Schedule I species ...................................................................................................... 47
Table 5.1: Budgetary allocation for conservation Plan ......................................................................... 63
Wildlife Conservation Plan for Schedule I Faunal Species
of the Study area for the Development of Green Field Bhavanapadu Port in Srikakulam District, Andhra Pradesh
4 | P a g e
Table 5.2: Year wise fund to be submitted by the user agency to State Forest Department, AP ........ 66
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1: Bhavanapadu Port Limits 6
Figure 1.2: Infographic representation of Site connectivity and macro level 7
Figure 1.3: Greenfield Bhavanapadu Port Layou 8
Figure 1.4: Andhra Pradesh District wise Divisions and Port Locations 9
Figure 1.5: Andhra Location Map of Bhavanapadu in Andhra Pradesh 10
Figure 3.1: Forest Cover Map of Andhra Pradesh depicting the Project Site 21
Figure 3.2: Family-wise distribution of the Tree Species found in the study area 27
Figure 3.3: Habit wise distribution of Tree Species found in the Study Area 28
Figure 3.4: Family-wise distribution of the Shrub Species found in the study area 30
Figure 3.5: Family-wise distribution of the Shrub Species found in the study area 38
Wildlife Conservation Plan for Schedule I Faunal Species
of the Study area for the Development of Green Field Bhavanapadu Port in Srikakulam District, Andhra Pradesh
5 | P a g e
1 INTRODUCTION AND PROJECT BACKGROUND
1.1 BACKGROUND
Government of Andhra Pradesh is keen in developing Bhavanapadu Port in Srikakulam District, now to
cater to the increasing demand of various types of bulk and container cargo etc., which may likely to
raise to 300-350 Million tons per annum by 2024-25:
1.2 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF NATURE AND SIZE OF THE PROJECT
The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC), Govt. of India through its
notification of 14th September 2006 and its subsequent amendment on dated 9th December, 2016
under the Environmental Protection Act, 1986, classifies the projects under Schedule 7 (e).
The proposed project under the mentioned category of Ports/ Harbours > 5 million TPA of Cargo
Handling Capacity fall under Category ‘A’ project. The Terms of Refernce have been issued by
MoEF&CC to Bhavanapadu Port bearing Proposal No.: IA/APMIS/173542/2020EAC File No.: 10-
56/2020-IA.III on 1 September 2021.
Government of Andhra Pradesh has proposed a Greenfield multipurpose port having a masterplan
development of 1010 acres area under Phase I.
1.3 THE PROPOSED PROJECT
The proposed project is a development of port infrastructure, APMB decided to undertake
development of Greenfield port at Bhavanapadu in Srikakulam District.
1.4 LOCATION OF THE PROJECT
Bhavanapadu village, proposed site for port development is a coastal village, located at North-East
corner of Andhra Pradesh, located in Srikakulam district. This port location is about 85 nautical miles
of north east of Visakhapatnam Port. The National Highway No. 16 (Chennai-Kolkata) is at a distance
of about 14.0 km to the proposed Bhavanapadu port. The nearest railway station to the proposed
port location is Naupada Junction (East Coast Railway) on Chennai- Howrah BG main line at about
7.0 kms from Bhavanapadu.
Bhavanapadu port located in North latitude of 18°35’; East longitude of 84°26'E is situated on southern
bank of Tekkali Creek. A fishery harbour exists at Bhavanapadu.
The co-ordinates of Bhavanapadu Port limits in the water front area are as given in Table below:
Table 1.1: Villages Proposed Port Limited of Bhavanapadu Port
Description Point Latitude (North)
Longitude (East)
NW Corner A 18°35'8.44''N 84°21'44.35''E
NE Corner B 18°32'21.7''N 84°26'29.45''E
SE Corner C 18°27'5.08''N 84°21'52.50''E
SW Corner D 18°30'48.83''N 84°18'5.30''E
Wildlife Conservation Plan for Schedule I Faunal Species
of the Study area for the Development of Green Field Bhavanapadu Port in Srikakulam District, Andhra Pradesh
6 | P a g e
Figure 1.1: Bhavanapadu Port Limits
The Infographic representation of Site connectivity and macro level is shown in Figure 1.2 and the
Bhavanapadu Greenfield port layout is shown in the Figure 1.3.
Wildlife Conservation Plan for Schedule I Faunal Species
of the Study area for the Development of Green Field Bhavanapadu Port in Srikakulam District, Andhra Pradesh
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Figure 1.2: Infographic representation of Site connectivity and macro level
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Figure 1.3: Greenfield Bhavanapadu Port Layou
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1.5 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC), Govt. of India through its
notification of 14th September 2006 and its subsequent amendment on dated 9th December, 2016
under the Environmental Protection Act, 1986, classifies the projects under Schedule 7 (e).
The proposed project under the mentioned category of Ports/ Harbours > 5 million TPA of Cargo
Handling Capacity falls under Category ‘A’ project.
Government of Andhra Pradesh is keen in developing the following four non-major ports now to cater
to the increasing demand of various types of bulk and container cargo etc., which may likely to raise
to 300-350 Million tons per annum by 2024-25:
I. Bhavanapadu Port in Srikakulam District;
II. Kakinada SEZ Port in East Godavari;
III. Machilipatnam Port in Krishna District; and
IV. Ramayapatnam Port in Prakasham District
Figure 1.4: Andhra Pradesh District wise Divisions and Port Locations
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Figure 1.5: Andhra Location Map of Bhavanapadu in Andhra Pradesh
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1.5.1 WATER REQUIREMENT AND SUPPLY SYSTEM
Requirement of water for the Phase-I development of the Port is assessed for initial Phase is 1560 KLD
to be sourced form Water to be obtained from AP Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Department .
APMB desired to source it from the nearby reservoir. It is also explored to obtain water from the major
water reservoirs available in the proximity of Bhavanpadu port project site in Srikakulam district
namely B.R.R. Vamsadhara, Gotta barrage, Thottapalli barrage and Narayanapuram anicut. On the
above, Gotta barrage is about 50 km from Bhavanapadu.Pipe line from the reservoir shall be provided
for supply of water. Internal storage and distribution network are catered to in DPR.
1.5.2 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
The municipal solid waste generated which will be managed, treated or sent to authorize
recyclers. Collected waste oil will be sent to authorize TSDF Facility.
The solid waste generated from the harbor and port activities will be disposed off in
scientific manner to secured landfill as per Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and
Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016
1.5.3 POWER REQUIREMENT AND SUPPLY SOURCE
The estimated power requirement, taking all the requirements of power for conveyors, equipment
and illumination including future requirements, will be 5000 KVA. The power will be received from the
State Electricity Board in the Main Substation and distributed using two sub stations, one for the
supply to the Berths and one for the supply to the Yards.
1.6 PROJECT SALIENT FEATURES
Table 1.2: The features of the Proposed Bhavanapadu Port are as follows
S. No. Item Description
1. 1 Title of the project Development of Green field Bhavanapadu Port, Dist. Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh
2. 2 Land area for development
1010 acres
(Port Development – 825.08 acres and Externa
Connectivity – 184.92 acres)
3. 3 District Srikakulam
4. 4 Taluka Santhabommali Mandal
5. 5 Village Panchayats, Zilla Parishad, Municipal Corporation, Local body (complete postal addresses with telephone nos. to be given)
The proposed Green field project land bank falls under villages of Mulapeta, Rajapuram, pathalingudu of Santhabommali Mandal, District Srikakulam, and State Andhra Pradesh.
6. 7 Implementing agency / SPV APMB
7. 8 Nature of the project (New / Existing / Upgradation)
New
8. 9 Project Cost Project Cost for Phase I - INR 309190 Lakhs.
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1.7 LAND AREA ASSESSMENT FOR BHAVANAPADU PORT
The requirement of land for the port infrastructure depends upon many factors, like type of cargo
(solid or liquid, bagged or bulk, project cargo, container cargo etc.), density of cargo, soil bearing
capacity of the backup area, connectivity to hinterland, railway yards, truck parking, environmental
considerations, quantum of cargo to be handled, captive port or commercial port, etc., it is difficult to
generalize the land requirement for a port. Furthermore, it also depends upon the annual throughput
of the commodity through the port and the design vessel size calling at the port, method of evacuation
etc. which plays a vital role in calculating the land requirement.
Therefore, procedures adopted by various Government bodies specially land allotment policy for ports
in Andhra Pradesh for BOT operators in this regard have been examined
1.7.1 LAND ALLLOTMENT POLICY FOR PORTS IN ANDHRA PRADESH
The Andhra Pradesh Maritime Board, Government of Andhra Pradesh is the nodal agency for
development of Seaports and Inland Water Transport in Andhra Pradesh. The approximate
percentages of land requirement for associated facilities in addition to the berth are indicated below:
Table 1.3: Percentage of Land Required For Various Facilities in a Port
Facilities Land
Requirement
Storage Capacity including Warehouses etc 25%
Road/Rail/Conveyor/Pipeline Corridor and Truck parking 20%
Green belt 34%
Offices and institutional area 0.5%
Utilities (Water supply, power supply, maintenance buildings and workshops, security complexes)
0.5%
Amenities (Canteen, dispensaries, rest shelters, recreation areas etc.) 0.5%
Circulation space / Future expansion 18%
Land required for construction of berth and transit area etc. 1.5%
Total 100%
1.7.2 LAND REQUIREMENT FOR PORT OPERATIONS
The UNCTAD guidelines for assessment of land requirement for port operations have also been
examined for estimation of land requirement.
The major factors influence land requirement for port operations are:
Modern operational practices
Direct shipment without passing formally through a transit shed or storage area through
direct handling availing ‘port time’
Transit storage (Short term, Long term storages)
Ship size
Cargo characteristics
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Cargo handling rates
Stacking factors
Rate of evacuation from port
Multiple users
Dwell time
The most important factor influences on the amount of area required for port operations is ship size
and the storage characteristics of the cargo. It is important to qualify these factors by allowing for
future demands which may increase the requirement. The layout of operational areas is based on
the berth which must relate the size of ship. Hence land use planning must take account of the sizes
of ships to be handled.
The traffic studies carried out and elaborated at Chapter-4 for the proposed Bhavanapadu port has
estimated traffic projections for ultimate horizon period of 2039-40
Table 1.4: Traffic Projections under Different Scenarios for Bhavanapadu
Port Scenario Traffic in Million Tons
Likely Scenario 83.30
Table 1.5: Berth Requirement
Cargo composition 2024-25 (Year of commencement of port operations)
Cargo (million tons) No. of berths
General Cargo - Agricultural products, Fertilizers, Mineral sands, granite blocks, cement, iron and steel products, containers, edible oil and other commodities
11.53
3 for General cargo and
one for coal handling
Coal – Thermal coal for captive power plants and Domestic coal (Coastal shipping) and coking coal
11.96
Total 23.50 4
For purpose of determining the land requirement, it is necessary to look at the potential of the port
in terms of the optimistic projections so that the provision for future does not fall short. The area
requirements are examined for the years 2024-25 (Initial Stage, estimated year of commencement of
port operations) and 2039-40 (Ultimate Stage). Traffic volumes to be dealt with these stages are given
as under:
1.7.3 LAND REQUIRED FOR EXTERNAL INFRASTRUCTURE
Details of Land requirement for port infrastructure for Initial phase and Final Phase is given in the
below Table 1.6 and Land Type details is given in the Table 1.7.
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Table 1.6: Details of Land requirement for port infrastructure for Initial phase and Final Phase
Sl. No. Port Infrastructure End of Initial Phase
In Acres In Ha
LAND AREA
A Storage Area
i) Coal Storage Area 136.68 55.31
ii) Iron Ore Storage Area 1.53 0.62
iii) Container 0.00 0.00
iv) Food grains 17.79 7.20
v) Other general cargo (Open) 16.00 6.47
Other general cargo (Covered) 22.46 9.09
vi) Tank farms 0.00 0.00
Vii) Fertilizer and chemicals 5.61 2.27
ix) Granite 1.95 0.79
Total Storage Area: 202.015 81.75
Sl. No.
Port Infrastructure
End of Initial Phase
In Acres In Ha
B Other General Requirement
i) Offices and industrial area (Port administrative building, workshop etc) 50.50 20.43
138. Tamarindus indica L. Caesalpiniaceae Terrestrial Planted
139. Tectona grandis L.f. Verbenaceae Terrestrial Wild
140. Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. Myrtaceae Terrestrial Planted *Source: Primary data collected by VSPL and supported through Secondary Literature
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Figure 3.2: Family-wise distribution of the Tree Species found in the study area
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Figure 3.3: Habit wise distribution of Tree Species found in the Study Area
3.2.3.2 Shrubs
The primary and secondary survey reveals the presence of 69 shrub species in the study area and its
environs. Euphorbiaceae is the predominant family representing 11 shrub species in the study area
followed by Malvaceae and Rubiaceae which covers 06 shrub species each (Please Refer Figure 3.4).
Table 3.3 exhibits the important shrub species observed in the study area during the primary survey
and supported by the secondary literature.
Table 3.3: List of Major Shrub Species found in the Study Area
32. Solena amplexicaulis (Lam.) Gandhi Cucurbitaceae Terrestrial Wild *Source: Primary data collected by VSPL and supported through Secondary Literature
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Figure 3.5: Family-wise distribution of the Shrub Species found in the study area
159
1
17
1 1 1 2 1 1
8
28
5 4 3 1 2 14
126
21
1 1
10
19
14
15
1 1
14
2 1 3 2 4 3 3 3 1 1 1
71
1 3 2 15
1 1
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2 1 15 4
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3.2.4 FAUNAL DIVERSITY
3.2.4.1 Mammals
The list of faunal species found in the study area has been compiled with the help of secondary sources
like Forest Working Plans and was supplemented with information provided by local people during
field surveys in the study area. To study the probable occurrence of mammals in the area, 2- 3 km long
transects and trails were walked at each sampling site for any sighting and also by collecting indirect
evidence gathered by talking to locals during interaction. For compilation of list aid from Forest
Working Plans was considered. A total of 15 mammalian species reported from the study area. List of
Mammalian species compiled from secondary sources as well-found during field survey is given in
Table 3.5.
Table 3.5: Important Mammalian Species Found in the Study Area
S.No. Common Name Zoological Name IUCN Status WPA (1972) Status
1. Spotted deer Axis axis LC Sch III
2. Jackal Canis aureus LC Sch II (Part I)
3. Indian fox Vulpes benghalensis LC Sch II (Part I)
4. Jungle cat Felis chaus LC Sch II (Part I)
5. Common mongoose Herpestes edwardsii LC Sch II (Part I)
6. Black naped hare Lepus nigricollis LC Sch IV
7. Rhesus macaque Macaca mulatta LC Sch II (Part I)
4. Indian Rock Python Python molurus NT Sch I (Part II)
5. Indian Rat Snake Ptyas mucosa LC Sch II (Part II)
6. Common Krait* Bungarus caeruleus LC --
7. Russell's Viper* Daboia russelii Sch II (Part II) *Source: Primary data collected by VSPL and supported through Secondary Literature
Status assigned by International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN): LC=Least Concern; VU=Vulnerable, NT=Near Threatened
3.2.4.3 Avifauna
To prepare inventory of the birds in the project influence area, bird species are recorded while walking
to and from the survey areas and identification done through their calls. Birds were identified using
the field guide of birds by Ali & Ripley (1983), Grimmett et al. (1998), Fleming et al. (1984) and
Kazmierczak and Perlo (2000). During the field surveys a total of 111 species were sighted. Out of the
total 111 avi-faunal species 25 species are migratory birds (Winter & Summer visitors). The details of
Avi-faunal species reported/recorded in the study area are enumerated in Table 3.8 as follows:
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Table 3.8: Avi-Faunal Species recorded in and around the wetlands of Study Area
Sl. No.
Family English name Scientific name Habitat Status IUCN status
Guild IWPA
1. Psittacidae Alexandrine Parakeet Psittacula eupatria T R LC FR Sch- IV
2. Dicruridae Ashy Drongo Dicrurus leucophaeus T R LC IN Sch- IV
3. Sylviinae Ashy Prinia Prinia socialis T R LC IN Sch- IV
4. Alaudidae Ashy-crowned Sparrow Lark Eremopterix griseus T R LC IN Sch- IV
5. Cuculidae Asian Koel Eudynamys scolopacea T R LC FR Sch- IV
6. Ciconiidae Asian Openbill Anastomus oscitans A R LC PR Sch- IV
7. Apodidae Asian Palm Swift Cypsiurus balasiensis T R LC IN Sch- IV
8. Campephagidae Asian Paradise-flycatcher Terpsiphone paradisi T R LC IN Sch- IV
9. Sturnidae Asian Pied Starling Sturnus contra T R LC OM Sch- IV
10. Hirundinidae Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica T R LC IN Sch- IV
11. Ploceinae Baya Weaver Ploceus philippinus T R LC GR Sch- IV 12. Laniidae Bay-backed Shrike Lanius vittatus T R LC IN Sch- IV
13. Accipitridae Besra Accipiter virgatus T R LC PR Sch- IV
14. Ardeidae Black Bittern Dupetor flavicollis A R LC PI Sch- IV
15. Ardeidae Black Crowned Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax A R LC PI Sch- IV 16. Dicruridae Black Drongo Dicrurus macrocercus T R LC IN Sch- IV
17. Accipitridae Black Kite Milvus migrans T R LC SC Sch- IV
18. Laridae Black-bellied Tern Sterna acuticauda A R NT PI Sch- IV
19. Alcedinidae Black-capped Kingfisher Halcyon pileata A R LC PI Sch- IV
20. Alaudidae Black-crowned Sparrow Lark Eremopterix nigriceps T R LC IN Sch- IV
21. Laridae Black-headed Gull Larus ridibundus A WV LC PI Sch- IV
22. Threskiornithidae Black-headed Ibis Threskiornis melanocephalus A R NT PR Sch- IV
23. Estrildidae Black-headed Munia Lonchura malacca T R LC GR Sch- IV
24. Oriolidae Black-hooded Oriole Oriolus xanthornus T R LC OM Sch- IV
25. Accipitridae Black-shouldered Kite Elanus caeruleus T R LC PR Sch- IV 26. Recurvirostridae Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus A R LC IN Sch- IV
27. Turdinae Blue-capped Rock Thrush Monticola cinclorhynchus T SV LC IN Sch- IV
28. Alcedinidae Blue-eared Kingfisher Alcedo meninting A R LC PI Sch- IV
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Sl. No.
Family English name Scientific name Habitat Status IUCN status
Guild IWPA
29. Cuculidae Blue-faced Malkoha Phaenicophaeus viridirostris T R LC FR Sch- IV
30. Meropidae Blue-tailed Bee-eater Merops philippinus T R LC IN Sch- IV
31. Sylviinae Blyth's Reed Warbler Acrocephalus dumetorum T WV LC IN Sch- IV 32. Accipitridae Brahminy Kite Haliastur indus T R LC SC Sch- IV
33. Sturnidae Brahminy Starling Sturnus pagodarum T R LC OM Sch- IV
34. Jacanidae Bronze-winged Jacana Metopidius indicus A R LC OM Sch- IV
35. Laniidae Brown Shrike Lanius cristatus T WV LC IN Sch- IV
36. Capitonidae Brown-headed Barbet Megalaima zeylanica T R LC FR Sch- IV
37. Laridae Brown-headed Gull Larus brunnicephalus A WV LC PI Sch- IV
38. Ardeidae Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis A R LC IN Sch- IV
39. Meropidae Chestnut-headed Bee-eater Merops leschenaulti T R LC IN Sch- IV
40. Ardeidae Cinnamon Bittern Ixobrychus cinnamomeus A R LC PI Sch- IV
41. Motacillidae Citrine Wagtail Motacilla citreola T WV LC IN Sch- IV
42. Rallidae Common Coot Fulica atra A R LC OM Sch- IV
43. Picidae Common Flameback Dinopium javanense T R LC IN Sch- IV
44. Scolopacidae Common Greenshank Tringa nebularia A WV LC IN Sch- IV
45. Cuculidae Common Hawk Cuckoo Hierococcyx varius T R LC IN Sch- IV
46. Upupidae Common Hoopoe Upupa epops T SV LC IN Sch- IV
47. Irenidae Common Iora Aegithina tiphia T R LC IN Sch- IV
48. Falconidae Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus T WV LC PR Sch- IV
49. Alcedinidae Common Kingfisher Alcedo atthis A R LC PI Sch- IV
50. Rallidae Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus A R LC OM Sch- IV
51. Sturnidae Common Myna Acridotheres tristis T R LC OM Sch- IV
52. Anatidae Common Poachard Aythya ferina A WV LC OM Sch- IV
53. Scolopacidae Common Redshank Tringa totanus A WV LC IN Sch- IV
54. Charadriidae Common Ringed Plover Charadrius hiaticula A WV LC IN Sch- IV
55. Scolopacidae Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos A WV LC IN Sch- IV
56. Scolopacidae Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago A R LC IN Sch- IV
57. Sylviinae Common Tailorbird Orthotomus atrogularis T R LC IN Sch- IV
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Sl. No.
Family English name Scientific name Habitat Status IUCN status
Guild IWPA
58. Anatidae Common Teal Anas crecca A WV LC OM Sch- IV 59. Capitonidae Coppersmith Barbet Megalaima haemacephala T R LC FR Sch- IV 60. Anatidae Cotton Pygmy-Goose Nettapus coromandelianus A R LC OM Sch- IV 61. Hemiprocnidae Crested Treeswift Hemiprocne coronata T R LC IN Sch- IV 62. Scolopacidae Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea A WV LC IN Sch- IV 63. Anhingidae Darter Anhinga melanogaster A R NT PI Sch- IV 64. Columbidae Eurasian Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocta T R LC GR Sch- IV 65. Scolopacidae Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata A WV NT IN Sch- IV 66. Strigidae Eurasian Eagle Owl Bubo bubo T R LC PR Sch- IV 67. Oriolidae Eurasian Golden Oriole Oriolus oriolus T SV LC OM Sch- IV 68. Accipitridae Eurasian Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus T WV LC PR Sch- IV 69. Accipitridae Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus T R LC PR Sch- IV 70. Threskiornithidae Eurasian Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia A R NT OM Sch- IV 71. Anatidae Eurasian Wigeon Anas penelope A WV LC OM Sch- IV 72. Anatidae Fulvous Whistling Duck Dendrocygna bicolor A R LC OM Sch- IV 73. Anatidae Gargany Teal Anas querquedula A WV LC OM Sch- IV 74. Phalacrocoracidae Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo A R LC PI Sch- IV 75. Podicipedidae Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus A WV LC PI Sch- IV 76. Laridae Great Crested Tern Sterna bergii A R LC PI Sch- IV 77. Cuculidae Greater Coucal Centropus sinensis T R LC IN Sch- IV 78. Ardeidae Greater Egret Casmerodius albus A R LC IN Sch- IV 79. Estrildidae Green Avadavat Amandava formosa T R VU GR Sch- IV 80. Scolopacidae Green Sandpiper Tringa ochropus A WV LC IN Sch- IV 81. Phasianidae Grey Francolin Francolinus pondicerianus T R LC OM Sch- IV 82. Ardeidae Grey Heron Ardea cinerea A R LC PI Sch- IV 83. Motacillidae Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea T WV LC IN Sch- IV 84. Charadriidae Grey-headed Lapwing Vanellus cinereus A WV LC IN Sch- IV 85. Corvidae House Crow Corvus splendens T R LC SC Sch- IV 86. Passerinae House Sparrow Passer domesticus T R LC GR Sch- IV 87. Apodidae House Swift Apus affinis T R LC IN Sch- IV 88. Phalacrocoracidae Indian Cormorant Phalacrocorax fuscicollis A R LC PI Sch- IV
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Sl. No.
Family English name Scientific name Habitat Status IUCN status
Guild IWPA
89. Bucerotidae Indian Grey Hornbill Ocyceros birostris T R LC FR Sch- IV 90. Caprimulgidae Indian Nightjar Caprimulgus asiaticus T R LC IN Sch- IV
91. Phasianidae Indian Peafowl Pavo cristatus T R LC OM Sch- I
92. Pittidae Indian Pitta Pitta brachyura T R LC IN Sch- IV 93. Ardeidae Indian Pond Heron Ardeola grayii A R LC PI Sch- IV 94. Turdinae Indian Robin Saxicoloides fulicata T R LC IN Sch- IV 95. Coraciidae Indian Roller Coracias benghalensis T R LC IN Sch- IV 96. Estrildidae Indian Silverbill Lonchura malabarica T R LC GR Sch- IV 97. Ardeidae Intermediate Egret Mesophoyx intermedia A R LC IN Sch- IV 98. Scolopacidae Jack Snipe Lymnocryptes minimus A WV LC IN Sch- IV 99. Timaliinae Jungle Babbler Turdoides striatus T R LC IN Sch- IV
100. Corvidae Jungle Crow Corvus macrorhynchos T R LC SC Sch- IV 101. Sturnidae Jungle Myna Acridotheres fuscus T R LC OM Sch- IV 102. Sylviinae Jungle Prinia Prinia sylvatica T R LC IN Sch- IV 103. Scolopacidae Kentish Plover Charadrius alexandrinus A WV LC IN Sch- IV 104. Campephagidae Large Cuckooshrike Coracina macei T R LC IN Sch- IV 105. Turdinae Large Grey Babbler Turdoides malcolmi T R LC IN Sch- IV 106. Columbidae Laughing Dove Streptopelia senegalensis T R LC GR Sch- IV 107. Cuculidae Lesser Coucal Centropus bengalensis T R LC IN Sch- IV 108. Anatidae Lesser Whistling Duck Dendrocygna javanica A R LC OM Sch- IV 109. Laridae Lesser-crested Tern Sterna bengalensis A WV LC PI Sch- IV 110. Phalacrocoracidae Little Cormorant Phalacrocorax niger A R LC PI Sch- IV 111. Ardeidae Little Egret Egretta garzetta A R LC IN Sch- IV
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Cat. NABET MoEFCC
1 Mining of minerals including opencast / underground mining 1 1 (a) (i) A
2 River Valley projects 3 1 (c) A
3 Thermal power plants 4 1 (d) B
4 Mineral beneficiation 7 2 (b) B
5 Isolated storage & handling of Hazardous chemicals (As per threshold planning quantity indicated in column 3 of schedule 2 & 3 of MSIHC Rules 1989 amended 2000)
28 - B
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31 7 (c) A
7 Ports, harbours, break waters and dredging 33 7 (e) A
8 Highways 34 7 (f) A
9 Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs) 36 7 (h) B
10 Common Municipal Solid Waste Management Facility (CMSWMF) 37 7 (i) B
11 Building and construction projects 38 8 (a) B
12 Townships and Area development projects 39 8(b) B
National Accreditation Board for Education and Training
VOYANTS SOLUTIONS PVT. LTD. 403, 4thFloor, BPTP Park Centra,
