Appe di . . - Enviro Knowledge Center

Appe di . .

TOR E do se e t Lette a d TOR Do u e t

Table 1: Comments during TOR Review Meeting on 19 September 2018

No Comment Comment by

Response from Project Proponent / Technology Provider / Environmental Consultant

1. To review and update Dioxin & Furan Control description in the TOR–control temperature, dosing of activated carbon.

DOE Putrajaya

Revision made to Table 15 in the revised ESI and Table 7 in the revised TOR. Continuous operation creating steady state conditions, ensuring complete combustion leading to complete destruction of dioxins and furans (dioxins can completely be eliminated with a residence time of 2 seconds at 1000°C and oxygen level of min 10% is thoroughly distributed). Dosing of Activated Carbon is to catch any remaining dioxin and furan.

2. To confirm the calculation of stack height – 21 m was done by BIC?

DOE Putrajaya

Yes. Stack calculation was done by BIC.

3. Include Data from previous EIA, on-going monitoring and compare with EIA baseline for this Project

DOE Putrajaya

Secondary data will be referred to during EIA preparation.

4. Safety – review records of incidents / spillages, 3rd party audit report

DOSH Review will done and included in the EIA Report.

5. IETS- sludge (SW 204) to be incinerated and the SW code to be included in the SW list in the TOR and EIA

DOE Putrajaya

SW204 has been included in the SW list in the revised TOR.

6. To include good housekeeping – 5S and EMT

DOE Putrajaya

These measures will be included in the EMP section in the EIA Report.

7. To replace’ upgrading’ word in the Project title with ‘New Installation’

DOE Putrajaya

Project title has been revised.

8. Consider co-processing if possible – reutilisation of ash. Co-processing is a new Policy for SW.

DOE Putrajaya

Medivest will consider to co-operate with Amita KUB-Berjaya Kitar Semula Sdn Bhd (AKBK) or other licensed premises, to make bottom ash as an alternative raw material in cement industry. Discussion has been initiated with AKBK. AKBK needs to conduct laboratory testing and analysis on Medivest’s bottom ash sample to determine the level of certain parameters such as chlorine to ensure the bottom ash has acceptable composition as raw material for cement production.

9. To provide incinerator design year not life span

DOE Putrajaya

Design life span of the incinerator is 20 years.

10. Foreign worker control. To apply permit for foreigner construction worker.

MITI Noted. Will be included as mitigation measures in the EIA Report.

11. 18 comments by MOH during TOR meeting on 30 July 2016 for previous submission to be addressed accordingly. A copy of the comments will be forwarded to DOE Putrajaya

MOH Noted. Please refer to feedbacks in Table 2 below.

12. 5 additional waste code proposed should comply with regulation i.e. proposal of method for residue disposal, landfill or co-processing

DOE Putrajaya- BB

Noted by the Project Proponent.

No Comment Comment by

Response from Project Proponent / Technology Provider / Environmental Consultant

13. Competent person for IETS, bag filter, scrubber

DOE Putrajaya-BB


14. CEMS to follow guideline DOE Putrajaya-BB


15. To provide details on temporary storage for new scheduled waste

DOE Melaka The new scheduled wastes will be temporary stored at the third compartment at the Scheduled Waste Storage area.

16. IETS- to include biohazard indicator parameters –bacteria / virus

DOE Melaka Disinfectant sanitizer used in the washing activity is anticipated to be able to be effective on a broad range of micro-organisms. Information about this disinfectant sanitizer will be shared with the IETS Consultant in order to determine the requirement to include biohazard parameters.

17. Socio-economic information of the surrounding to be included.

DOE Melaka Socio-economic information will be included in the EIA Report. See revised section 5.3.1 in the revised ESI and revised TOR.

18. Management of bottom ash is not defined in the TOR

DOE Melaka Information on bottom ash management has been included in the revised ESI (section 2.8.2.7) and revised TOR (section 3.7.2.7).

19. Mass balance is not tally. DOE Melaka Revised mass balance is appended as Figure 4 in the revised TOR and Figure 6 in the ESI.

20. Management of fluff (SW501) generated from treatment using the microwaves.

DOE Putrajaya

During incinerator shutdown events, healthcare wastes at the Project site will be treated using the two microwave machines available on-site. SW 501 which consist of fluff will be generated as residues from the activity. Based on Clause No. 5.1 in the Jadual Pematuhan (ref. no. JPBT/KPLT/18/004989) for the microwave operation, these residues (SW 501) shall be sent for disposal at a secured landfill, within 24 hours or may be required to be treated by incineration process. However, since the microwaves machines will only be in operation during incinerator shut down events, SW 501 will not be able to be treated via incineration process at the Project site as the fluff need to be treated within 24 hours. Furthermore, MSB is not able to store the residue for long period i.e., during the incinerator shutdown. MSB will arrange transportation to deliver the residue to a licensed premise, within 24 hours. Management of SW501 will be further discussed in the EIA Report.

21. Report Display for public review to be carried out.

DOE Putrajaya

Noted by all.

Table 2: Comments from NEHAP, MOH during TOR Engagement Meeting on 30 July 2018

No. Comments from NEHAP, MOH Remarks by Medivest / Chemsain during the Meeting

1. Collection of healthcare waste from private sectors must obtain prior approval from Bahagian Perolehan.

Medivest acknowledged the requirement to follow the stipulated procedures and requirement from MOH.

In future planning, after the EIA been approved and the new incinerator is in operation, application for collection of healthcare waste will be done accordingly.

2. Back-up plan in case of incinerator shut down.

Two existing microwave units will be in operation during incinerator shut down. Total capacity is 15 MT.

Storage area (cold room) with capacity of 90 MT.

Sending clinical waste to other licensed premises for treatment, if necessary.

3. To clarify estimated collection of healthcare waste from private sectors out of the total 20 MT

Estimated collection of healthcare waste from private sectors is 5 MT. Priority of collection will be from MOH premises.

4. IETS system is not elaborated in TOR. At the moment the requirement to install IETS is being reviewed.

Based on recent engagement with Director General of Environment, the advice is to install close loop cycle whereby bins and trucks washing waters to be channelled back to the incinerator.

5. Is the Air Pollution Control (APC) adequate? The APC has been used in other incinerator systems and the incinerator of similar design by the same Technology Provider is in operation at Telok Panglima Garang.

Emission data from Radicare’s incinerator plant at Telok Panglima Garang will be gathered for reference to see the efficiency of the APC.

6. To describe the location of existing components.

Details of existing components will be further described in the EIA including the location based on lot numbers.

7. Community engagement should be carried out to gauge communities’ perception towards the project and primary health data.

Since the Project is replacing the old incinerator with a new improved technology, requirement to carry out engagement with the surrounding communities and land users is to be revisited as it may deemed not necessary.

Usual practice is to conduct health survey together with social survey. If health survey is to be carried out independently, it will require additional cost. Expected respondents will be between 100-200 individuals.

No. Comments from NEHAP, MOH Remarks by Medivest / Chemsain during the Meeting

8. To include list of surrounding industries to ensure compatibility. To highlight if there is any food industry nearby.

Kawasan Perindustrian Bukit Rambai mainly consist of light, medium and heavy industries. However, land use survey data will be reassessed to check if there is any food industry nearby.

As included in the TOR, list of surrounding industries within 5 km radius will be included in land use section.

9. Timing of baseline sampling to consider the two monsoon winds seasons, the Southwest Monsoon from April to September, and the Northeast Monsoon from October to March.

Noted. 1st baseline was carried out in June 2018. Attempt for 2nd baseline monitoring during the Northeast Monsoon.

10. To include study on children in the HIA study.

The HIA study will be based on the HIA Guideline, however this study will be considered.

11. PM2.5 to be included in the HIA study. PM2.5 will be included in HIA study.

12. To include other hazard parameters based on Radicare’s emission monitoring.

Will check Radicare’s emission monitoring parameters. Usually the parameters are as listed in the Environmental Quality (Clean Air) Regulations 2014.

13. To include storage hazards management Will be considered in Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) study.

14. To include vector free setting. Mitigation measures for vector control will be included in the EIA,

15. To include information on management of storage area.

Description on the management of storage area including the scheduled waste bins arrangement will be provided in the EIA.

The current practice at Medivest facility is to ensure the bins to be managed based on 1st in 1st out order.

16. To include in the EIA the overall process description including from storage area to incinerator plant.

Details will be provided in the EIA report.

17. Any possibility to include health data from private sectors? Or from Statistics Department?

Application can be made but the private sectors usually do not keep disease database, only patient records.

18. To include land uses along Sg Ayer Salak and the river usage.

Study will be carried out and details will be provided.

MEDIVEST SDN BHD

Reference: CK/EV803/8026/18 TOR (Revision 1)

Date: October 2018

Prepared by:

Chemsain Konsultant Sdn Bhd (130904-U) No. 41, 1st Floor, Jalan USJ 10/1D, 47630 UEP Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia Tel: +603-56370163 Fax: +603-56370385

TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR)

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

FOR

PROPOSED NEW INSTALLATION OF THERMAL TREATMENT

FACILITY FOR CENTRE OF HEALTHCARE WASTE TREATMENT

PLANT FOR MEDIVEST SDN BHD AT LOT 24, 25, 32 & 33,

JALAN PBR 37, KAWASAN PERINDUSTRIAN BUKIT RAMBAI,

FASA 4C,MUKIM TANJUNG MINYAK, MELAKA

Second Schedule

DOCUMENT INFORMATION

Project Code: CK/EV803/8026/18 TOR

Client: MEDIVEST SDN BHD

Project Title: PROPOSED NEW INSTALLATION FOR CENTRE OF HEALTHCARE WASTE TREATMENT PLANT FOR MEDIVEST SDN BHD AT LOT 24, 25, 32 & 33, JALAN PBR 37, KAWASAN PERINDUSTRIAN BUKIT RAMBAI, FASA 4C,MUKIM TANJUNG MINYAK, MELAKA

Document Name: TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR)

DOCUMENT REVISION HISTORY

Revision No

Revision Date

Description Prepared By Checked By Approved By

0 16/07/18 For issuance Mazura Murat Marina Roland Nawe

TF

1 25/10/18 Revision Mazura Murat Marina Roland Nawe

TF


ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR PROPOSED NEW INSTALLATION OF THERMAL TREATMENT FACILITY FOR CENTRE OF HEALTHCARE

WASTE TREATMENT PLANT FOR MEDIVEST SDN BHD AT LOT 24, 25, 32 & 33, JALAN PBR 37, KAWASAN PERINDUSTRIAN BUKIT RAMBAI, FASA 4C,

MUKIM TANJUNG MINYAK, MELAKA

Chemsain Konsultant Sdn Bhd TOC i

CK/EV803/8026/18 TOR Revision No.: 1 Revision Date: October 2018

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 1

2 PROJECT PROPONENT AND EIA CONSULTANT .......................................................................... 1

3 SCOPE OF PROJECT ......................................................................................................................... 5

3.1 THE PROJECT BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................ 5

3.2 LEGISLATIVE REQUIREMENT ............................................................................................................. 6

3.3 PROJECT LOCATION ......................................................................................................................... 6

3.4 PROJECT CONCEPT ......................................................................................................................... 7

3.5 PROJECT COMPONENTS ................................................................................................................... 8

3.5.1 Former Incinerator Plant ........................................................................................................ 8

3.5.2 Existing Components ............................................................................................................. 8

3.5.2.1 Healthcare Waste Reception Area ............................................................................................... 8

3.5.2.2 Healthcare Waste Storage (Cold Room) ..................................................................................... 8

3.5.2.3 Microwave Machines ................................................................................................................... 8

3.5.2.4 Infrastructures and Utilities .......................................................................................................... 9

3.5.2.4.1 Water Supply ............................................................................................................................................. 9

3.5.2.4.2 Electricity ................................................................................................................................................... 9

3.5.2.4.3 Internet Network......................................................................................................................................... 9

3.5.2.4.4 Storm Water Drainage System ................................................................................................................... 9

3.5.2.4.5 Other Facilities ........................................................................................................................................... 9

3.5.3 Upcoming Components.......................................................................................................... 9

3.5.3.1 Incinerator Plant ........................................................................................................................... 9

3.5.3.2 Truck and Bin Washing Area ..................................................................................................... 11

3.5.3.3 Industrial Effluent Treatment System ......................................................................................... 11

3.6 DESIGN CRITERIA OF THE INCINERATOR ......................................................................................... 11

3.6.1 Key Design Parameters ....................................................................................................... 11

3.7 PROCESS DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................................. 14

3.7.1 Handling of Healthcare Wastes at Source (On-Site Handling) ............................................ 14

3.7.1.1 Transportation of Healthcare Wastes to Project Site ................................................................. 17

3.7.2 Handling of Healthcare Wastes at Project Site (Off-site Handling) ..................................... 18

3.7.2.1 Incineration Process .................................................................................................................. 18

3.7.2.2 Gas Cooling ............................................................................................................................... 19

3.7.2.3 Air Pollution Control System ...................................................................................................... 19

3.7.2.4 Emission Monitoring .................................................................................................................. 19

3.7.2.5 Incinerator Plant Control System ............................................................................................... 20

3.7.2.6 Incinerator Plant Maintenance ................................................................................................... 20

3.7.2.7 Management of Bottom Ash and Fly Ash (SW 406) .................................................................. 20

3.7.2.8 Management of Fluff (SW 501) .................................................................................................. 21

3.7.2.9 Healthcare Waste Storage ......................................................................................................... 21

3.7.2.10 Cleansing and Disinfection of Wheeled Bins and Trucks ........................................................... 21

3.7.2.11 Incinerator Plant Balances ......................................................................................................... 21

3.8 PROJECT DEVELOPMENT SCHEDULE ............................................................................................... 21

3.9 PROJECT ACTIVITIES ...................................................................................................................... 21

3.9.1 Pre-Construction Stage ........................................................................................................ 21

3.9.2 Construction Stage ............................................................................................................... 22

3.9.3 Operation and Maintenance Stage ...................................................................................... 22

4 ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERATION ................................................................................................ 24

4.1 SITE OPTIONS................................................................................................................................ 24

4.1.1 New Site Option ................................................................................................................... 24

4.1.2 Existing Site Option .............................................................................................................. 24





Chemsain Konsultant Sdn Bhd TOC ii


4.2 TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS .................................................................................................................. 24

4.2.1 Counter Current Rotary Kiln ................................................................................................. 25

4.2.2 Co-Current Rotary Kiln ......................................................................................................... 26

4.3 NO PROJECT OPTIONS ................................................................................................................... 28

5 EIA STUDY GUIDELINES AND APPROACHES ............................................................................. 28

5.1 REVIEW OF GUIDELINES AND ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATIONS .......................................................... 28

5.2 REVIEW OF PREVIOUSLY APPROVED EIA REPORTS OR STUDIES ...................................................... 29

5.3 ENGAGEMENT WITH RELEVANT AGENCIES AND LOCAL COMMUNITY ................................................. 29

5.3.1 Socio-economic .................................................................................................................... 30

6 SIGNIFICANT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS TO BE STUDIED ..................................................... 30

6.1 WATER QUALITY ............................................................................................................................ 32

6.1.1 Study Boundaries ................................................................................................................. 32

6.1.2 Assessment Standards ........................................................................................................ 33

6.1.3 Description of Modelling Tools and Assessment Methodologies ........................................ 34

6.1.4 Possible Mitigation Measures .............................................................................................. 34

6.2 AIR QUALITY .................................................................................................................................. 34





6.3 WASTE MANAGEMENT .................................................................................................................... 37



6.3.3 Description of modelling tools and assessment methodologies .......................................... 38


6.4 NOISE ........................................................................................................................................... 38





6.5 HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT ........................................................................................................ 40





6.6 QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT .................................................................................................. 41





7 PROJECT TIMETABLE..................................................................................................................... 43

8 PROJECT ASSESSMENT TIMELINE .............................................................................................. 43

9 CONSIDERATION OF CONCURRENT PROJECTS ........................................................................ 43





Chemsain Konsultant Sdn Bhd TOC iii


LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: List of EIA Team Member .................................................................................................................2

Table 2: Approximate Coordinates of the Existing Centre of Healthcare Wastes ..........................................6

Table 3: Components of Incinerator Plant ................................................................................................... 10

Table 4: Incinerator Operating Standards ................................................................................................... 12

Table 5: Emission Standards –European Union and Malaysia ................................................................... 12

Table 6: Typical Medical Waste Chemical Composition ............................................................................. 13

Table 7: Summary of General Technical Characteristic of the Incinerator ................................................. 13

Table 8: Healthcare Wastes Characteristics ............................................................................................... 15

Table 9: Proximate Analysis of Clinical Waste ............................................................................................ 15

Table 10: Ultimate Analysis of Clinical Waste ............................................................................................. 15

Table 11: Healthcare Wastes Collection from Waste Generators ............................................................... 16

Table 12 : Environmental Sensitive Areas (ESA) – Settlement .................................................................. 30

Table 13: Anticipated Significant Environmental Impacts ........................................................................... 31

Table 14: Proposed Baseline Water Quality Locations ............................................................................... 33

Table 15: Proposed Water Quality Parameters ........................................................................................... 33

Table 16: Proposed Baseline Ambient Air Quality Sampling Locations ...................................................... 35

Table 17: Proposed Test Parameters for Ambient Air Quality .................................................................... 36

Table 18: Anticipated Waste from Project ................................................................................................... 37

Table 19: Proposed Baseline Noise Measurement Locations .................................................................... 39





Chemsain Konsultant Sdn Bhd TOC iv


LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Project Location Map

Figure 2: Project Layout

Figure 3: Simplified Schematic Diagram

Figure 4: Mass Balance

Figure 5: Organisation Chart

Figure 6: Counter Current Rotary Kiln

Figure 7: Co-Current Rotary Kiln

Figure 8: Environmental Sensitive Areas

Figure 9: Baseline Sampling Locations

Figure 10: Proposed EIA Study Schedule

APPENDICES

Appendix A Environmental Scoping Information (ESI)


ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR PROPOSED NEW INSTALLATION OF THERMAL TREATMENT FACILITY FOR CENTRE OF

HEALTHCARE WASTE TREATMENT PLANT FOR MEDIVEST SDN BHD AT LOT 24, 25, 32 & 33, JALAN PBR 37, KAWASAN PERINDUSTRIAN BUKIT

RAMBAI, FASA 4C, MUKIM TANJUNG MINYAK, MELAKA

Chemsain Konsultant Sdn Bhd Page 1


1 INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this Terms of Reference (TOR) is to outline the scope of Environmental Impact

Assessment (EIA) study that Chemsain Konsultant Sdn Bhd (Chemsain) will conduct for PROPOSED

NEW INSTALLATION OF THERMAL TREATMENT FACILITY FOR CENTRE OF HEALTHCARE

WASTE TREATMENT PLANT FOR MEDIVEST SDN BHD AT LOT 24, 25, 32 & 33, JALAN PBR 37,

KAWASAN PERINDUSTRIAN BUKIT RAMBAI, FASA 4C, MUKIM TANJUNG MINYAK, MELAKA

(“the Project”). This is to ensure that the study could fulfil the Department of Environment’s (DOE) Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Guidelines 2016.

2 PROJECT PROPONENT AND EIA CONSULTANT

The Project Proponent for this Project is Medivest Sdn Bhd (MSB). MSB has appointed Chemsain

Konsultant Sdn Bhd (Chemsain) to conduct the EIA study for this Project. Corresponding details of MSB

and Chemsain are as follows:

Project Proponent : Medivest Sdn Bhd (224192-H)

Address : Suite 13.01 Penthouse, Wisma E & C

No. 2, Lorong Dungun Kiri

Damansara Heights

50490 Kuala Lumpur

Contact person : Mr Salleh bin Tahir (CEO)

Telephone : +603 209 21000 ext 804

Fax : +603 209 25000

Email : [email protected]

EIA Consultant : Chemsain Konsultant Sdn Bhd (130904-U)

Address : No. 41, 1st Floor, Jalan USJ 10/1D,

UEP Subang Jaya, 47620 Subang Jaya

Selangor

Contact person : Ms Marina Roland Nawe (EIA Team Leader)

Telephone : +603 5637 0163

Fax : +603 5637 0385


The EIA study team members are listed on Table 1.


ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR PROPOSED NEW INSTALLATION OF THERMAL TREATMENT FACILITY FOR CENTRE OF HEALTHCARE WASTE TREATMENT PLANT FOR MEDIVEST SDN BHD AT LOT 24, 25, 32

& 33, JALAN PBR 37, KAWASAN PERINDUSTRIAN BUKIT RAMBAI, FASA 4C, MUKIM TANJUNG MINYAK, MELAKA



Table 1: List of EIA Team Member

Name Qualification Registration With DOE Experience Proposed Study Area

Signature

Category Area/Field ID. No. Validity Date

A. EIA Study Team Leader

Marina Roland Nawe

M. Environment

B. Sc (Biology)

EIA Consultant

Ecological Studies

Fisheries

General Environmental Management

C 0059 30 April 2021

Marina has over 19 years experience in various EIA, EMP, environmental monitoring, and other environmental studies for various projects all over Malaysia. She is a registered EIA consultant with the Department of Environment (DOE).

EIA Team Leader

EMP

B. EIA Team Member

Ir. Brian Chong Sin Hian

M. Sc (Environment)

B. Sc (Civil Engineering)

EIA Consultant

Wastewater Management

Solid Waste Management

Scheduled Waste Management

Hydrology

C 0089 30 June 2019 Ir Brian has over 25 years of professional environmental consultancy and engineering experience in environmental impact assessment and planning, wastewater and solid waste management and feasibility / masterplan studies.

He is a registered professional engineer as well as a registered EIA consultant with the Department of Environment (DOE). He is the team leader for most the environmental assessment studies conducted by Chemsain with more than twenty (25) detailed environmental impact assessment (DEIA) report.

Hydrology

Waste Management

Wastewater Management

LDP2M2







Signature


Lina Chan B. Sc. (Hons) EIA Consultant

Noise

General Environmental Management

C 0098 31 March 2019

Lina has 21 years of professional consultancy. She is involved in various EIA, EMP and other environmental study for studies all over Malaysia. She is a registered EIA consultant with the Department of Environment (DOE) and Natural Resources and Environmental Board (NREB).

Noise

Lim Sze Fook B. Sc (Hons) Physics

EIA Consultant

Air Quality Meteorology

C 0282 31 July 2019 Lim has more than 24 years of experience in air pollution modelling for EIA studies. He is a registered EIA consultant with the Department of Environment (DOE), Natural Resources and Environmental Board (NREB) and Sabah Environmental Protection Department (EPD).

Air Quality Modelling

Adnan Yusop Ali

B. Eng. (Chemical)

Subject Consultant

Quantitative Risk Assessment

SS 0066 31 May 2020 Adnan has more than 17 years of experience in quantitative risk assessment for EIA studies. He is a registered EIA consultant with the Department of Environment (DOE) and Natural Resources and Environmental Board (NREB). He is also a Chemical Health Risk Assessor registered with DOSH.

Quantitative Risk Assessment







Signature


Prof. Dr. Jamal Hisham Hashim

PhD (Env. Health Science)

MSc (Public Health)

B.A (Biology & Env. Studies)

EIA Consultant and Subject Consultant

Health Impact Assessment

CS 0483 31 January 2021

Prof Dr Jamal has more than 24 years of experience in teaching, research and consultancy in the discipline of environmental health; specializing in environmental chemistry, environmental impact assessment, exposure and risk assessment, and environmental management.. He is a registered EIA consultant with the Department of Environment (DOE). He is also experienced as EIA review panel for DOE.

Health Impact Assessment

Ir. Md Zahar Mohamad

B.Sc (Mechanical Engineering)

EIA Consultant

Air Quality and Odour

Industrial Processes

Solid Waste Management

C0050 31 December 2020

Ir Md Zahar has more than 20 years of professional consultancy experience. He is involved in various EIA, EMP and other environmental study for studies all over Malaysia. He is a registered EIA consultant with the Department of Environment (DOE)

Industrial Processes

Air Pollution Control and Process







3 SCOPE OF PROJECT

3.1 THE PROJECT BACKGROUND

Medivest Sdn Bhd (MSB) is one of the concession companies providing Healthcare Waste

Management Services (HWMS) for Ministry of Health Malaysia (“MOH”). The HWMS include storage,

collection, transportation, treatment (microwave system) and disposal of healthcare waste.

MSB intends to install new thermal treatment facility at its existing centre of healthcare waste

treatment plant located at Lot 24, 25, 32 & 33, Jalan PBR 37, Kawasan Perindustrian Bukit Rambai,

Fasa 4C Mukim Tanjung Minyak, Melaka.

The installation works shall include planning, construction, installation and operation of a counter-

current rotary kiln type incinerator with a capacity to treat 20 MT/day of healthcare waste. This

counter-current rotary kiln type incinerator is developed by BIC Systems Asia Pacific Pte Ltd.

The existing plant commenced its operation in 1997 using stepped hearth incineration system and has

ceased the incinerator operation in March 2016. Since the incinerator facility shut down in March 2016,

the incoming clinical wastes is currently treated using microwave system.

To date, the existing centre of healthcare is only treating SW 404 (pathogenic wastes, clinical wastes

or quarantined materials) using two existing microwave machines i.e. Model AMB Ecosteryl

250(licensed since 2016) and Model MDS 2481 (licensed since 2018).

Hence the Project Proponent also plan to treat the following scheduled waste at the upgraded facility:

Scheduled Waste Source

SW 403 – Discarded drugs containing psychotropic

substances or containing substances that are toxic,

harmful, carcinogenic, mutagenic or teratogenic

External (MOH hospitals and laboratory)

SW 409 – Disposed containers, bags or equipment

contaminated with chemicals, pesticides, mineral oil

or scheduled wastes


Internal

SW 429 – Chemicals that are discarded or off-

specification

MOH hospitals and laboratory

SW 430 – Obsolete laboratory chemicals External (MOH hospitals and laboratory)

Internal

SW 410 – Rags, plastics, paper or filters

contaminated with scheduled wastes


Internal








SW 204 – Sludges containing one or several metals

including chromium, copper, nickel, zinc, lead,

cadmium, aluminium, tin, vanadium and berylium

Internal –IETS

When the new incinerator is in operation, the two microwave machines will be on standby mode and

will only be used when the incinerator is shut down.

3.2 LEGISLATIVE REQUIREMENT

Development of the Project which include installation of new thermal treatment facility at the existing

centre of healthcare waste treatment facilities owned by Medivest Sdn Bhd (MSB) has been identified

as a prescribed activity under the Environmental Quality (Prescribed Activities) (Environmental Impact

Assessment) Order 2015 as follows:

Second Schedule – Activity No. 14: Waste Treatment and Disposal

Sub-activity (a): Scheduled waste (i) Construction of thermal treatment plant

In compliance with Section 34A of the Environmental Quality Act, 1974, an EIA report for the Project is

to be prepared for approval from Department of Environment (DOE).

3.3 PROJECT LOCATION

The Project is located at the existing centre of healthcare waste treatment facilities at Lot 24, 25, 32 &

33 within Kawasan Perindustrian Bukit Rambai Fasa 4C, Mukim Tanjung Minyak, Melaka. The total

area of the existing centre is 8, 408 m2 (about 2 acres). Total land area involved for development of

the incinerator plant is 2, 602 m2. The Project location is shown in Figure 1. The Project site is located

about 17 km from the Melaka city centre. The Project site is accessible via Lebuh AMJ/Route 19 –

Lebuh SPA/ Route 33 – Jalan M9 – Jalan PBR 37.

Approximate coordinates of the existing centre of healthcare waste treatment facilities boundaries are

as tabulated in Table 2.

Table 2: Approximate Coordinates of the Existing Centre of Healthcare Wastes

Latitude Longitude Description

2°16’49.17” 102°10’51.27” North Boundary

2°16’44.55” 102°10’54.15” Southeast Boundary

2°16’44.59” 102°10’52.32” South Boundary

2°16’45.83” 102°10’52.22” Middle Boundary

2°16’45.83” 102°10’50.55” West Boundary

THAILAND

KEDAHPulauLangkawi

ALOR SETAR

PERLISKANGAR

PINANGPULAU

TOWN

KELANTAN

KOTA BHARU

TERENGGANU

PERAKTERENGGANU

IPOH

PAHANGKUANTAN

SELANGOR

KUALA LUMPURSHAH ALAM

SEREMBAN

NEGERI

MELAKAJOHOR

JOHORBAHRU

TiomanPulau

SINGAPURA

KUALA

GEORGE

SEMBILAN

CHEMSAIN KONSULTANT SDN. BHD.

LEGEND:

PROJECT

LOCATION

FIGURE 1







3.4 PROJECT CONCEPT

As mentioned in Section 3.1, MSB intends to install new thermal treatment facility at its existing centre

of healthcare waste treatment facilities located at Lot 24, 25, 32 & 33, Jalan PBR 37, Kawasan

Perindustrian Bukit Rambai, Fasa 4C Mukim Tanjung Minyak, Melaka.

The upgrading works shall include planning, construction, installation and operation of a counter-

current rotary kiln system type incinerator with a capacity to treat 20 MT/day of healthcare waste. This

counter-current rotary kiln system type incinerator is developed by BIC Systems Asia Pacific Pte Ltd.




To date, the existing centre of healthcare is only treating SW 404 (pathogenic wastes, clinical wastes

or quarantined materials) using two existing microwave machines Model AMB Ecosteryl 250 (licensed

since 2016) and Model MDS 2481 (licensed since 2018).

Hence the Project Proponent also plan to treat the following scheduled waste at the upgraded facility:








or scheduled wastes


Internal


specification



Internal




Internal




Internal –IETS







3.5 PROJECT COMPONENTS

The Project involves planning, construction, installation and operation of an incinerator with a capacity

to treat 20 MT/day of healthcare waste. Generally, the main components of the incinerator plant facility

include waste reception and storage, waste combustion, gas cooling, air pollution control and ash

receiving and storage system, truck and bin washing system and industrial effluent treatment system

(IETS).

Figure 2 shows the layout of the Project components that consist of storage areas (for healthcare

waste, chemicals and ash), plant building (that accommodates the new incinerator area, existing

administration office and existing microwave facilities) and bin washing/ disinfection area. The Project

components are elaborated in the following sub-sections.

3.5.1 Former Incinerator Plant

The existing plant commenced its operation in 1997 using stepped hearth incineration system. During

the operation of the former incinerator plant, there were two incinerator lines equipped with respective

air pollution control systems. Both incinerators, were stepped hearth system, have same exact

specifications and treatment capacity of 7.2 MT/day (300 kg/hr).

MSB has ceased the incinerator operation in March 2016. Abandonment Management Plan was

prepared and submitted to DOE Negeri Melaka in May 2017 and it was approved on 6 June 2017.

Dismantling and removal works were completed on 28 November 2017.

3.5.2 Existing Components

3.5.2.1 Healthcare Waste Reception Area

This area is allocated to house the unloading and weighing of received healthcare waste. It is for temporary

storage before further feeding process in the system.

3.5.2.2 Healthcare Waste Storage (Cold Room)

At the end of the day, untreated healthcare wastes will be stored in the cold storage area before being

processed during the following day. There are six existing cold room stores with a capacity of 15 MT each

(total capacity of 90 MT), temperature of below 6 °C and 8 holding days.

3.5.2.3 Microwave Machines

There are two microwave machines available at the Project site. Details of the machines are

summarised as follows:

i. Model AMB Ecosteryl 250

This microwave machine is from Belgium and has a capacity of 6 MT/day. License for operation

was obtained in 2016.

TBM

Sb

EP

TP

LP

Sp

MH

TB

MHW


PROJECT LAYOUT

FIGURE 2







ii. Model MDS 2481

This microwave machine is from the US. It has a capacity of 9 MT/day or 270 MT/month. License

for operation was obtained in May 2018.

3.5.2.4 Infrastructures and Utilities

3.5.2.4.1 Water Supply

Water supply requirement for ancillary facilities is estimated at 250m3/month (average). Since the

Project site is an existing healthcare waste treatment facility, water supply distribution pipe, water

pump house and storm water drainage system are already available at site. Oil sumps, septic tank,

holding tank and sewerline are also already installed at site.

3.5.2.4.2 Electricity

Electricity supply requirement for the incinerator is estimated about 50 kWh. Meanwhile for the

ancillary facilities the electricity requirement is 80 kWh (average)

3.5.2.4.3 Internet Network

The Project site requires internet speed of 4Mbps for computer networking.

3.5.2.4.4 Storm Water Drainage System

There is an existing storm water drainage system around the Project boundary. Storm water within

the Project area will be channelled to existing perimeter drainage system and it will be discharged off-

site to the existing drainage system available within the Kawasan Perindustrian Bukit Rambai, Fasa

4C.

3.5.2.4.5 Other Facilities

Other facilities available at the Project site include main office, workshop, scheduled waste store,

general room and staff room.

3.5.3 Upcoming Components

3.5.3.1 Incinerator Plant

An opened but roofed pad area will accommodate for combustion / incineration process block.

Components of the incinerator plant are summarised in Table 3 below. Component details and

specifications as well as illustration of the components are provided in Section 2.6 of the

Environmental Scoping Information (ESI) (Appendix A).







Table 3: Components of Incinerator Plant

Component Description

Waste Feeding System Automated with minimum manual intervention. Skip hoist system comprises of:

a) A hydraulically operated automatic skip hoist mechanism

b) A hydraulically operated automatic skip tilting mechanism

c) A weighing unit

Primary Combustion – Feeding Ram System

The primary combustion comprises of:

a) Feed Hopper

b) Hydraulic Ram

c) A Guillotine Door

Primary Combustion – Incinerator

The incinerator comprises:

a) A Stationary Part

b) A Counter Current Rotary Kiln

c) Kiln rotation CW/CCW

d) A Cylindrical Section With Reduced Diameter For Ash Evacuation

e) A Supporting Frame

f) A Burner

g) A De-Ashing Chamber

Secondary Combustion (Post Combustion)

The post combustion zone comprises of:

h) The Upper Part Of The Stationary Zone

i) Two vertical cylindrical chambers

j) Retractable Burner

Flue Gas Pre-Cooling Consists of a flue gas inlet flange fitted with a butterfly valve operated by a servo motor.

Flue Gas to Thermal Oil Heat Exchanger

Vertical dual pass water (thermal fluid) tube heat exchanger

Thermal Oil Pump Skid Two identical circulation pumps, one main and one back-up with auto switch-over with their respective shut off valves.

Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) Storing and Injection by Loss-in-Weight

For flue gas treatment. Neutralising reaction time is much (5x) shorter and the reaction itself nearly stoichiometric.

Activated Carbon Storing and Injection by Loss-in-Weight

For dioxin and furan treatment.

Bag House Filter To remove particulates and dust.

Exhaust fan At flue gas system

Emission monitoring equipment

Includes continuous recording and online monitoring system for all the gas elements, as specified by the incinerator emission standards







stipulated by NEA

Peripherals a) A hydraulic pack

b) A chimney stack

c) An air compressor assembly

d) Emergency by-pass

e) Fly ash evacuation system

f) Liquids Injection Systems

g) Safety valve (Diluting air inlet)

h) A Plant Automation System - MCC Power Switchboard and PLC Switchboard; Pulpit SCADA PC for User Interfacing

3.5.3.2 Truck and Bin Washing Area

Washing bay will be provided near the weighing area for truck/ bin washing and cleansing upon tipping

of waste and prior to leaving the centre. Waste water from the washing bay will be channelled to a new

Industrial Effluent Treatment System (IETS) for treatment prior discharge.

3.5.3.3 Industrial Effluent Treatment System

The incinerator does not produce any waste water from the incinerator processes. Sources of waste

water are from healthcare waste wheel bins and trucks washing activities. Wheel bins are used for

healthcare wastes collection in healthcare facilities and trucks are used as to transport the collected

healthcare wastes (inside the bins) from healthcare facilities to the Project site. Waste water from the

washing activities are considered to have potential infection risk as the wheel bins and trucks are likely

to be exposed to the healthcare wastes. The amount of waste water is estimated about 1 to 2 m3/day.

The waste water will be channelled to a new Industrial Effluent Treatment System (IETS) that will be

installed within the Project site.

Details of the IETS system will be provided in the EIA report.

3.6 DESIGN CRITERIA OF THE INCINERATOR

3.6.1 Key Design Parameters

The plant is designed according to European Union standards. The key design aims to fulfil typical

regulatory requirements to date, with the key parameters being Destruction Efficiency (DRE %) of

99.9999%, minimum residence time of min. 2 seconds at 1,100 degrees Centigrade in the post

combustion.







Table 4: Incinerator Operating Standards

Item Specifications

Destruction efficiency (DRE) 99.9999 %

Primary Combustion Chamber Temperature 850 °C minimum / 1,000 °C maximum

Secondary Combustion Chamber Temperature 1,100 °C minimum / 1,200 °C maximum

Residence Time Minimum 2 seconds

Minimum Oxygen Content 12%-13%

Air / Fuel Ratio 2.5

Source: BIC Systems Asia Pacific Pte Ltd. (2018)

The other key parameter is the conformance to emission standards in Malaysia. The limits are in

Table 5. The EU standard, which is the design standard used by BIC Systems Asia Pacific Pte Ltd is

equally or more stringent than Malaysian standard.

Table 5: Emission Standards –European Union and Malaysia

Parameter EU (Daily)

EU (Hourly)

EU ( 4- Hour)

EU Summary

Malaysia*

mg/m3

Ash / Particulates 5 10 5 100

HF 1

HCl 5 10 5 40

CO 50 100 50 50

NOx 100 200 100 200

SOx 25 50 25 50

Cd 0.05 0.05 0.05

Hg 0.05 0.05 0.05

Pb - -

Heavy Metals 0.5

Dioxin / Furan 0.10 ng/m3 0.10 ng/m3 0.10 ng/m3

Total Organics 5 10 5 10

Note: Environmental Quality (Clean Air) Regulations 2015 (3rd Schedule Regulation 13, Item K: Waste Incinerator in All Sizes.








The design also takes into account the typical chemical composition of medical waste as shown in

Table 6.

Table 6: Typical Medical Waste Chemical Composition

Element Mass % Mol/kg

C 74.80 0.062

H 7.00 0.070

N 1.00 0.001

S 1.000 0.000

Hg 0.00 0.000

Pb 0.000 0.000

Zn 0.000 0.000

0.000 0.000 0.000

Cl 1.00 0.000

F 0.10 0.000

Br 0.10 0.000

O 5.00 0.003

Ash 10.000 -

Total 100.00 -


Summary of design and operational particulars of the incinerator plant are as listed in Table

7. The plant is designed to operate at a capacity of 833 kg/hr where 20 MT/day of healthcare

wastes are expected to be treated.

Table 7: Summary of General Technical Characteristic of the Incinerator

Thermal Capacity 3,750,000 Kcal/hr (15,750 MJ/hr)

Throughput

833 kg/hr (20 MT/day)

(Based on the average calorific value of waste of 4500 kcal/kg (20 MJ/kg)

Life of Plant

10-20 years

(Depends on how well it is maintained)

Process Line 1

Operating Hours 24 hours per day, 7 days per week

Waste storage capacity 90 MT

Incinerator System Counter Current Rotary Kiln


Feeding Loading Skip hoist system







Start-up Duration 8 hours to automatically heat up to operating temperature (depending on atmospheric conditions)

Burn period 2-4 hours

Burn Cycle 8 cycles (160 kg per loading)

Residential time 2.3 seconds

Cool Down Period 24 hours

Auxiliary Fuel Diesel - 50 l/hr (for start-up only)

Air Pollution Control System

Heat Removal Heat exchanger: flue gas to thermal oil

Dioxin and Furan Control Continuous operation creating steady state conditions, ensuring complete combustion leading to complete destruction of dioxins and furans (dioxins can completely be eliminated with a residence time of 2 seconds at 1000°C and oxygen level of min 10% is thoroughly distributed)

Dosing of Activated Carbon to catch any remaining dioxin and furan

Dosing of Activated Carbon

Acidic Gas Neutralizer Dosing of Sodium Bicarbonate

Dust Filtration Baghouse: 432 Teflon Felt bags

Parameter of CEMS Conformity with EC and Malaysian emission regulations

Ash Removal Daily

Utilities

Power supply 50 kW/hr (average)

Estimated waste / by product

Fly ash 25 kg/hr

Bottom ash 67 kg/hr

3.7 PROCESS DESCRIPTION

3.7.1 Handling of Healthcare Wastes at Source (On-Site Handling)

SW 404, SW 403, SW 409, SW 429, SW 430 and SW 410 will be collected and transported from the

respective hospitals to the Project site using dedicated trucks. Healthcare wastes characteristics are

listed in Table 8. Clinical wastes analysis are listed in Table 9 and Table 10.







Table 8: Healthcare Wastes Characteristics

Material Percentage

P.V.C 3%

Pathological 5%

Plastic other than P.V.C 33%

Paper including waxed paper 30%

Hospital dressing, swab, etc. 10%

Non-combustible including glass, metal, etc. 10%

Obsolete laboratories chemical 5%

Miscellaneous (including flowers, rags, etc.) 5%

Source: Medivest Sdn Bhd. (2018)

Table 9: Proximate Analysis of Clinical Waste

Analysis Range (%) Average (%)

Moisture content 16.9 - 28 21

Ash Content 1.6 - 4.7 3.1

Volatile matter 66.1 - 77.2 72.2

Fixed Carbon 1.2 - 4.3 3.2

Adapted from: Radicare (M) Sdn Bhd. (2012)

Table 10: Ultimate Analysis of Clinical Waste

Component Weight Percentage (%)

Carbon 51.83

Hydrogen 8.63

Oxygen 35.53

Nitrogen 0.17

Sulphur 0.10

Chlorine 0.64

Ash 3.1


Collection and storage of healthcare wastes in CWMS is one of MSB’s responsibilities as the Concession Company. As such, relevant products (i.e. receptacles, plastic bags and on-site

containers) are to be supplied to the hospitals or establishments to contain healthcare wastes.

Segregation of the healthcare wastes is done by MOH’s staff in accordance to Management of Clinical and Related Wastes in Hospital and Health Care Establishments (1993) and Project Operations

Guidelines on Clinical Wastes Management Services (2009) released by the MOH.







Healthcare wastes that have been segregated are stored in dedicated containers/ plastic bags before

being sealed and labelled. Once the plastic bags or sharp containers are sealed, it is strictly

prohibited to break the seal. They are handled with care to prevent accidental tears or breaks until the

incineration process, as it may cause health and environmental hazards.

Plastic bags and sharp containers are then transported in wheeled bins to the hospital’s central storage for collection by MSB staff. Collection of healthcare wastes shall be done daily or as

frequently as circumstances demand. Authorised representative of the MOH and MSB staff weights

the healthcare wastes and record the quantities and weights. During the collection of the wheeled

bins containing healthcare wastes, MSB staff shall provide adequate supply of plastic bags, sharp

containers and cleaned receptacles for the collection and on-site storage. Consignment notes are

completed for each collection. Both the MOH’s staff and MSB staff are well-trained and equipped with

personal protective equipment (PPE) during the handling process.

This Project will accommodate healthcare wastes generated from government hospitals and laboratory

in Negeri Sembilan, Melaka and Johor. Estimated quantities of healthcare wastes to be collected and

treated at the Project site are listed in Table 11.

Table 11: Healthcare Wastes Collection from Waste Generators

Source Estimated Load , 2018 (kg/month)

SW 404 SW 403 SW 429 SW 430 SW 409 SW 410

Hospital Tuanku Ja'afar Seremban, Negeri Sembilan

45,731 0 0 0 0 15

Hospital Melaka 63,435 0 0 51,189 0 15

Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Johor Bahru, Johor

52,485 0 0 0 0 20

Hospital Jelebu, Kuala Klawang, Negeri Sembilan

3,552 0 0 6,383 0 0

Hospital Alor Gajah, Melaka 4,983 0 0 0 0 0

Hospital Enche' Besar Hajjah Kalsom, Kluang, Johor

20,444 0 0 0 0 5

Hospital Tuanku Ampuan Najihah, Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan

20,426 0 0 77 0 0

Hospital Sultanah Nora Ismail, Batu Pahat, Johor

24,818 0 0 0 0 5

Hospital Kota Tinggi, Kota Tinggi, Johor

7,033 0 0 0 0 0

Hospital Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan

5,803 0 0 0 0 0

Hospital Jasin, Melaka 4,044 66 0 3,484 0 0







Source Estimated Load , 2018 (kg/month)

SW 404 SW 403 SW 429 SW 430 SW 409 SW 410

Hospital Temenggong Seri Maharaja Tun Ibrahim, Kulai, Johor

4,984 0 0 0 0 0

Hospital Tampin, Negeri Sembilan

3,570 364 0 0 0 0

Hospital Pakar Sultanah Fatimah, Muar, Johor

22,061 0 5,072 0 0 5

Hospital Mersing, Johor 3,001 0 0 0 0 0

Hospital Segamat, Johor 12,915 0 0 0 0 0

Hospital Pontian, Johor 4,530 0 0 0 0 0

Hospital Tangkak, Johor 2,391 0 0 0 0 0

Hospital Permai, Johor Bahru, Johor

7,044 0 0 0 0 0

Makmal Kesihatan Awam Johor Bahru, Tampoi, Johor Bahru

630 0 0 0 20 20

Hospital Sultan Ismail, Johor Bahru, Johor

38,998 0 0 0 0 15

Hospital Jempol, Negeri Sembilan

2,979 31 0 28 0 0

Total 355,857 461 5,702 61,161 20 100


3.7.1.1 Transportation of Healthcare Wastes to Project Site

Six dedicated trucks are allocated for transportation of the healthcare wastes. One of the truck has a

capacity of 16 MT meanwhile the remaining five trucks have a capacity of 18 MT each. It is estimated

that there will be one trip of delivery daily for each truck.

Transportation and collection of the healthcare wastes are daily and divided by five routes as follows:

i. Route 1: Plant – Hospital Pontian – Hospital Sultanah Aminah – Makmal Kesihatan Johor –Hospital Kulai – Plant.

ii. Route 2: Plant – Hospital Kluang – Hospital Kota Tinggi – Hospital Sultan Ismail – Hospital

Permai – Plant.

iii. Route 3: Plant – Hospital Mersing – Hospital Batu Pahat – Hospital Muar- Plant.







iv. Route 4: Plant – Hospital Port Dickson – Hospital Tampin – Hospital Alor Gajah – Hospital

Tangkak – Hospital Jasin – Hospital Segamat – Plant.

v. Route 5: Plant – Hospital Seremban – Hospital Jelebu – Hospital Jempol – Hospital Kuala

Pilah –Hospital Melaka – Plant.

3.7.2 Handling of Healthcare Wastes at Project Site (Off-site Handling)

Healthcare wastes received at the Project site will be weighed before further handling and treatment.

3.7.2.1 Incineration Process

Simplified schematic diagram for the overall processes proposed to be undertaken at the incinerator

plant is shown in Figure 3.



The healthcare wastes contained in standard 660 L or 240 L plastic waste bins is fed into the system

with a skip hoist system. The feeding process is automated with minimum manual intervention. Except

placing bins in position, the rest of the process including lifting, tilting, as well as lowering the bins are

fully automated.

The primary combustion train comprises a feeding hopper, a hydraulic ram that pushes the waste and

a guillotine (fire) door that opens only when waste is pushed into combustion chamber. The dumping

of the waste from the feeding hopper to the incinerator is monitored by interlock system, to eliminate

the possibility of overloading or under-loading of waste. The hydraulic ram will be scraped by guillotine

door so that no adhering of waste onto the feeding ram. Meanwhile, cooling air will be aspired through

the feeding area, to cool it down.







A stationary part links the feed system to the rotary kiln and serves as a solid hearth bed to start and

to preheat the freshly introduced waste. After being partly burnt, the solid waste enters a counter

current rotary kiln for further complete combustion. The cylindrical rotary kiln rotates clockwise or

counter-clockwise at a controllable speed, to ensure thorough and speedy combustion. A cylindrical

section at the rear end of the kiln serves as an ash evacuation portion. The entire rotary kiln is

supported by four supporting wheels and one trust wheel on self-lubricating bearings.

To raise the temperature at start-up, the incinerator is equipped with a diesel burner. The burner will

start firing automatically when the temperature inside the kiln drops below a pre-set value. There will

be a robust and fool proof ash collection system for the incinerator. The new design can ensure that

no ash nor partially burnt waste shall drops from any part of the incinerator. In addition, replacement of

the bottom ash bin will be manually done for optimum reliability.

The secondary combustion, also known as post combustion chamber, starts at the upper part of the

stationary part, followed by an extension chamber equipped with and retractable burner.

3.7.2.2 Gas Cooling

After combustion, the flue gas will first enter a flue gas cooling system. The flue gas will be directed in

to a Flue Gas Thermal Oil (FGTO) heat exchanger. The vertical thermal heat exchanger enables easy

access and maintenance. The trouble-free design of the vertical FGTO heat exchanger is equipped

with ultrasonic soot blowers, in order to blow off accumulated fly-ash and soot. The newly designed

thermal oil system, fully automatically triggers the stand-by pump in case of low oil flow, where Hi-Hi

temperature will trigger plant trip (emergency by-pass).

3.7.2.3 Air Pollution Control System

Sodium Bicarbonate will be used for acidic gas neutralizer. The advantage of using Sodium

Bicarbonate instead of lime, is that the neutralising reaction time is much (5x) shorter and the reaction

itself nearly stoichiometric. Activated carbon will be used to catch any remaining for Dioxin and Furan

in the flue gases.

Sodium bicarbonate and activated carbon are stored and injected according to loss-in-weight. The

new chemical dosing design is such that it will dose the chemical flow with adjustable feeding rate

according to the quantity and quality of the flue gas. The dosing of chemical flow is by loss-in-weight

feedback. The operators will be notified by the No/Low sensor together with alarms. Moreover, the

dosing system is designed to prevent clogging of bicarbonate powder.

The flue gas then will enter the bag house filter to remove particulates and dust. A pulsating

compressed air system will blow-off the filtered dust from the filter bags and be triggered by differential

pressure across the bags. A large maintenance platform is installed at the top of the bag-house.

Rotary air locks will collect the fly-ash and the collected fly-ash drops by gravity into sealed containers

with automatic lid. The exhaust fan speed is controlled by the negative pressure in the kiln. The flue

gas treatment system is able to treat the flue gas to meet the emission standards.

3.7.2.4 Emission Monitoring

Emission monitoring equipment installed at the incinerator will comprise of in-situ CO, CO2, SO2

analysers which adopt NDIR measurement principle; extractive NOx, O2 analysers which adopt CLD /

Zirconia measurement Principle; in situ HCL/HF analysers and in-situ dust monitoring system. With







SCADA, the data of the monitoring system will be connected and integrated with the plant PLC/PC.

The plant supervision PC will show and log all emission monitoring data continuously. The compact

emission monitoring system is enclosed with a weather proof analyser cabinet, equipped with air

condition unit, power distribution panel, lighting, switch and plug C/W rack.

The emission monitoring equipment can continuously record and online monitor all gas components

that are specified by the Malaysian Authorities. Alarms are activated to notify when the present value

are exceeded. If the pre-set values are further exceeded, the incinerator will trip. The emission

monitoring enclosure will be installed on the ground floor level, at the chimney base.

3.7.2.5 Incinerator Plant Control System

The entire incinerator plant is automatically controlled by a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller). All

required instrumentation for the incineration system, the waste feed system, the rotary kiln, the post

combustion chamber, the flue gas treatment and scrubbing system, the fan controls and emergency

by-pass system are included. The incinerator controls include temperature controls, pressure controls,

excess air controls, all burner safeties and the necessary alarms/alert and data logging equipment.

3.7.2.6 Incinerator Plant Maintenance

a) Regular Maintenance

The Regular Maintenance is essential to ensure that the plant continuously operates at optimum level.

This generally involves the following:

Cleaning of the various parts of the plant (pumps, air compressor, pneumatic cylinders, etc.)

Greasing of various components (wheels, ram, guillotine doors, etc.)

Filling up oil for the various pneumatic systems

Various other checks for potential issues

b) Scheduled Maintenance

Every year (even two years depending on how the plant has been maintained), there will be need for a

major shutdown (Scheduled Maintenance). Amongst the key areas are the patching / repairs of

refractory, checks and servicing of the burners and cleaning up the heat exchanger.

3.7.2.7 Management of Bottom Ash and Fly Ash (SW 406)

Bottom ash will be generated 8% from the waste fed into the incinerator which is approximately 67

kg/hr. Bottom ash will be temporary stored inside first and second compartment of Scheduled Waste

Storage Area before being sent to Kualiti Alam for disposal at a secured landfill with frequency of three

times a month.

Meanwhile, it is estimated about 25 kg/hr of fly ash will be generated. Fly ash will be temporary stored

at the Scheduled Waste Storage Area and sent to Kualiti Alam Sdn Bhd for disposal twice a month.

Collection of both type of ashes will done by Kualiti Alam personnel.







3.7.2.8 Management of Fluff (SW 501)

During incinerator shutdown events, healthcare wastes at the Project site will be treated using the two

microwave machines available on-site. SW 501 which consist of fluff will be generated as residues

from the activity. Based on Clause No. 5.1 in the Jadual Pematuhan (ref. no. JPBT/KPLT/18/004989)

for the microwave operation, these residues (SW 501) shall be sent for disposal at a secured landfill,

within 24 hours or may be required to be treated by incineration process. However, since the

microwaves machines will only be in operation during incinerator shut down events, SW 501 will not

be able to be treated via incineration process at the Project site as the fluff need to be treated within

24 hours. Furthermore, MSB is not able to store the residue for long period i.e., during the incinerator

shutdown. MSB will arrange transportation to deliver the residue to a licensed premise, within 24

hours. Management of SW501 will be further discussed in the EIA Report.

3.7.2.9 Healthcare Waste Storage

In the event that healthcare wastes could not be incinerated within 24 hours of reception, it will be

stored in a dedicated storage container/ refrigerator at temperature of between below 6˚C (cold storage). There are six storage containers available at the Project site. Total holding capacity is 90

MT.

3.7.2.10 Cleansing and Disinfection of Wheeled Bins and Trucks

Upon unloading of healthcare wastes at the reception area, the emptied wheeled bins will be

transferred to the washing bay area. Wheeled bins will be washed, sprayed with biodegradable

disinfectant solution and rinsed before being transferred to clean bin storage area. Trucks will also be

cleaned and disinfected before the next collection trip or usage. Clean wheeled bins will be returned

to the healthcare wastes generators (hospitals).

3.7.2.11 Incinerator Plant Balances

The incinerator plant’s mass balance is shown in Figure 4.

3.8 PROJECT DEVELOPMENT SCHEDULE

Upon getting EIA approval and other necessary approval, the development of the Project will take

about 12 months including testing and commissioning.

3.9 PROJECT ACTIVITIES

Development of the Project will involve the following activities:

Pre-Construction Stage

Construction Stage

Operation and Maintenance Stage

Details of the activities involve during the stages are described in the following subsections.

3.9.1 Pre-Construction Stage

B I/ Syste s A sia t a ifi t TE Ltd , B ukit B atok / ese t# - W / EDA ToweSi gapoe

pr i mMry combust i on Mi r secundMry combustion Mir dilution Mir HE l eMkge Mi r 1% MCR di l ut i on Mi r dr y scr ubber l eMkge Mi r bMg house l eMkge Mi r 2%ki l n RMst e i nput 3B130 Nm5/h 4BD04 Nm5/h 2B416 Nm5/h 107 0 Nm5/h E63b6E Nm5/h 23D Nm5/h

E 4BD00 kcMl/kg . kJ /kg °C °C °C °C °C °Cm 834 kg/h T/dMy , kJ /s , kJ /s , kJ /s , , kJ /s , kJ /s , kJ /sQ Nm5/h NMHCO3 AC

T 2D °C UR E A 40% in RMter E2 kg/h E kg/h POIIUTANT EMI SSI ON l i mi t UNI T

P 10132D PM 0b00 kg/hCMl kcMl/h % CMpB HCI 10 mg/Nm5BIR type . kJ /s mi xi ng dr y scr ubber bMg house HF 1 mg/Nm5

. kJ /s . kJ /s . kJ /s 3268 kW kJ /s S Ox (S O2) D0 mg/Nm58D0 °C 1100 °C E00 °C 200 °C 200 °C 1E0 °C 180 °C NOx (NO2) 200 mg/Nm5

. kJ /s 10127D PM 10122D PM 10122D PM EE7D0 PM EE2D0 PM EE0D0 PM E80D0 PM TOC (CH4) 10 mg/Nm5CO D0 mg/Nm5

. Nm5/h . Nm5/h . Nm5/h . Nm5/h . PCDD/PCDF (TE Q) 0b1 ng/Nm5

. Am5/h . Am5/h . Am5/h . Am5/h . PMrticulMte 10 mg/Nm5, vol% O2 , vol% O2 , vol% O2 , Cd+Th 0b0D mg/Nm5

Botttom Ash 22Db0E kg/h Hg 0b0D mg/Nm5PM S b+As+Pb+Cr+Co+Cu+Mn+Ni+V 0bD mg/Nm5

kJ /s kJ /s HCI 1428bD7 mg/Nm3 rMdi Mt i on l osses kg/h S MltsHF 14b2E mg/Nm3 kJ /sS ox (S O2) 2631bD8 mg/Nm3

Cuel gas 0 Nm5/h Cuel gas c1 Nm5/h Nox (NO2) 200b00 mg/Nm3 m3/ m2B mi n B ag dia B ag le gth B ag sufa e m2 required # B ags e uiedoil 0 kg/h oil c1 kg/h TOC (CH4) 10b00 mg/Nm3

e e gy 2 kJ /s e e gy c10 kJ /s CO D0b00 mg/Nm3 0b 8 , , ,PCDD/PCDF (TE Q) 0b10 ng/Nm3 0b 8 , , ,

AIIOWED MAXB

I NDI VI DUAI CONCB ( %)

EIEMENT cust omer PlMnt S izing KIIN PlMnt S izing S CC Pl Mnt Si zi ng mi xi ngPMrticulMte 1000b00 mg/Nm3

4b44 D m/s TMrget Velocity 10 m/s TMrget Velocity 13bD m/s TMrget Vel oci t y Cd+Th Db00 mg/Nm311b27 33 % MMx filling grMde , Am3/s GMs F loRrMte , Am3/s GMs Fl oRrMt e Hg 0b20 mg/Nm321b68 , Am3/s GMs F loRrMte , m2 Required surfMce AreM , m2 Requi red sur f Mce AreM S b+As+Pb+Cr+Co+Cu+Mn+Ni+V62bD0 mg/Nm31b00 , m2 Required surfMce AreM , m Required inside diMmeter , m Requi red i nsi de di Mmet er dry scrubber FAN Si zi ng Pl Mnt Si zi ng chi mney

ok 1 , m Required inside diMmeter 2 s TMrget R esidence time (kiln outlet to S CC outlet)0bD s Resi dence t i me 10 m/s TMrget Velocity 6300 PM AV Tot Ml Pressure i ncreMse327D PM NEED Tot Ml Pressure i ncreMse 10 m/s TMrget Vel oci t yok 0b01 , m2 0rqm °ry °qr c ross – sec tqon°l °re°, m Required chMmber lenght , m Iengt h Db30 Am3/s GMs F loRrMte , Am3/s GMs Fl oRrMt e , Am3/s GMs Fl oRrMt eok 1 , m2 Resulting chMmber shell surfMce , m2 The sur f Mce MreM of t he mi xi ng chMmber 0bD3 m2 R equired surfMce AreM 0b7D FMn ef f i ci ency0B71E~0B8 , m2 Requi red sur f Mce AreMok 0b0000 , m2 3ec ond °ry °qr c ross – sec tqon°l °re° 0b8220 m R equired inside diMmeter 0bE8 MechMni cMl ef f i ci ency , m Requi red i nsi de di Mmet er

ok 34b88 , m BIR 37D inside diMmeter , m BIR 37D inside diMmeter , m BIR 37D inside diMmeter 2 s Resi dence t i me , kW Requi red f Mn poRer , m BIR 37D inside diMmeter

ok 0 , m BIR 37D S CC chMmber lenght , m BIR 37D chMmber lenght , m requi red Iengt h , kW BIR 37D fMn poRerok 0 , m BIR 37D inside diMmeterok 24b72 , input from BIR plMnt selction sheet , m BIR 37D chMmber lengthok 0 PCI rMt ki l n/ t ot Ml , mMnuMl inputok 0 , input from pluiming sheetok 0 , fo ula cMlculMtion

, fo ula input from pluiming sheet + cMlculinput from CWI sheet

fo ula input from CWI sheet + cMlculinput from quench cMlc

,

.

. ,

kJ /s

Nm5/hAm5/h

.

. Nm5/hAm5/h

vol% O2

kJ /s

,

Cd+ThHg

S b+As+Pb+Cr+Co+Cu+Mn+Ni+V

MinerMl (loss Mt ignition),,

,PCDD/PCDF (TE Q)

SNOx

TOC (CH4)bA CO

,,,

bA

,F

HO

H2ONCl

,

BIR 37D C ounter C urrent 20 TPD = 834 kg/hr

RMst e i nput

rotMry kiln

kcMl/h

post combustion

rMdiMtion losses rMdiMtion losses

Ai r f Mct or e

COMBB AI R KI IN/ TOTAIH2O %m

Fl ue gMs comp

t her mMl f l ui d HE mi xi ng

vol% O2

Nm5/h

kJ /s°C

M EDIV EST B IR -M &E ala e -

MASS BALANCE

Figure 4








Pre-construction stage will include the appointment of consultants and surveyors. The activities during

this stage include project planning and environmental assessment.

It is anticipated that the environmental risks range from no impact to low degree of significant impact

during this pre-construction stage.

3.9.2 Construction Stage

Major activities during construction stage include:

Mobilisation of Workforce [Project Manager – 1, Project Supervisor –1, General Worker(local and

foreigner) – 15], Machineries and Construction Materials

Foundation works – soil improvement, piling

Civil and structure works – incinerator plant and IETS

Transportation of construction material and equipment

Mechanical and electrical works – installation of all process equipment, conveying systems and

environmental control systems

Testing and commissioning - No-load, load and performance tests

3.9.3 Operation and Maintenance Stage

During operational stage, the Project will be operated by the existing MSB operational team as follows:

Senior Manager -1 Plant Manager – 1

Engineer – 2 Technical Officer – 3

Technician (Shift Leader) – 3 Operator - 3

The organisation chart is shown as Figure 5.








Operation of the Project is largely automated and control via process control system. Main processes

in productions are described in Section 2.8.2 of this ESI. Other important activity during the operation

stage is transportation of healthcare wastes. The designated routes of are as listed in Section 2.8.1.

As mentioned in Section 2.8.2.6, regular maintenance which includes cleaning of various parts,

greasing of various components, filling up of pneumatic systems’ oil and various will be carried out according to schedule.

Scheduled maintenance which include patching / repairs of refractory, checks and servicing of the

burners and cleaning up the heat exchanger will be carried out yearly.







4 ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERATION

4.1 SITE OPTIONS

4.1.1 New Site Option

Sitting on a new site shall consume substantial cost for new land purchase, feasibility study and

construction of new facilities such as Cold storage, scheduled waste store, administration office and

Control Room.

A new group of workers will have to be trained in the management and operations of the new site.

Public concern on environmental issue which will bring sceptical reaction on the new installation of the

healthcare wastes treatment facility on the new site. However, the public will be more receptive on the

upgrading existing plant on condition that the facility complies with the standard emissions and do not

pose any hazards or environmental issues to the receptors staying area.

4.1.2 Existing Site Option

Other facilities such as the Cold Storage, Control Room, Scheduled Waste Store, Administration

Office and Workshop is already in place and ready for use immediately. Besides that, cost and time

shall be reduced significantly for this upgrading works as the work only focus on the incinerator plant

only.

Data pertaining to the baseline and existing environment in the surrounding area of the existing clinical

wastes incineration plant is well documented to assess any residual impacts of operating of the clinical

waste treatment facility.

The experienced workforce managing and operating the clinical wastes incineration plant can be

further utilized to manage the new plant.

Thus based on the above, the use of the present site is a better option worthy of consideration rather

than the option for locating on a new site.

4.2 TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS

Waste incineration in rotary kiln is considered to be Best Available Technology (BAT) for medical and

hazardous waste treatment, because of continuous operation creating steady state conditions,

ensuring complete combustion leading to complete destruction of dioxins and furans. There are two

types of rotary kilns, named after the sense of solids- compared to gas flow in the kiln.







4.2.1 Counter Current Rotary Kiln



Flue gases flow in the opposite direction of the waste, against the inclination of the kiln. Solids move by

the rotary motion and by gravity from the high end to the low end of the kiln.

Primary Combustion air (cold ambient air) is introduced at the lower end of the kiln (at the de-ashing zone)

by aspiration (the whole system is under negative pressure).While flowing towards the feeding area (front)

of the kiln, the combustion air is preheated by flowing over the hot ash and its oxygen content is gradually

reduced by oxidation of the solids during its passage and – as such - becomes flue gas .At the front of the

kiln the off (flue-) gas contains little oxygen (max.6%) and is hot (1000 °C).By controlling the amount of

inflowing flue gases (simply by adjustment of the inlet damper),it is possible to control the degree of

oxidation of the solids and – as a consequence – to control the remaining oxygen content in the flue gas .It

is thus perfectly possible to operate under controlled starved air conditions (pyrolysis).By correctly

adjusting the primary air, it is thus perfectly possible to:

i. To operate under pyrolysis conditions

ii. To control the combustion temperature in the kiln. This is particularly interesting in the case the solid

waste residues tend to melt at certain temperatures. This feature is particularly interesting for

avoiding clogging (e.g. NaCl melts around 800°C) or for avoiding evaporation of (precious) metals. By

controlling correctly the temperature in the kiln, there is no clogging at all.

iii. To produce more or less rich (pyrolysis) gas, to fuel the post combustion chamber, which provides a

perfect post combustion temperature control without any requirement of external fuel

Incoming solid waste is introduced in the front zone of the kiln and is exposed to the hot (pyrolysis) flue

gas which flows in counter current against the waste. The flue gas being poor in oxygen and high in

temperature, makes all the light fractions - which are present in the solid waste - to evaporate and to be

mixed with the rich gas exiting from the primary combustion (kiln). This highly flammable mixture is mixed

at its origin (right above the feeding zone of the kiln) with incoming post combustion air, where it

immediately starts the post combustion and where the temperature easily reaches 1250 °C (but can be

easily reduced) – without auxiliary fuelling.







The bottom ash is evacuated from the primary rotary chamber through a cylindrical section with a reduced

diameter compared to the kiln. As a consequence, the height of the ash in the kiln is permanently

maintained to about 1/3 of the diameter of the kiln.

Only after the combustion of solids is complete (after sufficient residence time), the ash is gradually

scooped out (by refractory lined scoops), from the kiln into the narrowed cylindrical section, in which it is

exposed to incoming primary combustion air to cool it down before dropping directly into the ash

container. As a consequence, the bottom ash is perfectly burnt out (less than 2% residual organic carbon)

and comes out cool and dry. Because combustion air flows in by suction at the exit location of the bottom

ash there is no need for a perfect (water) seal. (Any eventual air leakage will serve as combustion air).

As it is described above, the post combustion being fuelled by a rich gas (which is produced in the primary

chamber) the combustion temperature is equally distributed over the entire area, rather than in one

particular area (as it is the case in any other system, firing a supporting burner) Therefore, the residence

time of the flue gas in the post combustion area can be correctly calculated. This property is most

important for being able to control the destruction of Dioxins. As it is commonly known, dioxins can only be

completely eliminated if a residence time of 2 seconds at 1000 °C and if an oxygen level of minimum 10%

is thoroughly respected everywhere. This is only possible in counter current kiln designed by the

Technology Provider.

Due to the complete destruction of all Dioxins and their components during passage through the post-

combustion, there is absolutely no risk of reformation and as a consequence, there is no need to quench

the flue gas after the post-combustion to prevent reformation. As such, the full heat content of the flue gas

can be recovered to produce steam and/or electric power.

Additional features are that this type of kiln ensures better turbulence and hence the kiln can be kept short

and compact. In order to achieve the same residence time for the solids, the rotation is slower than in a

co-current kiln and by correctly dosing the primary combustion air, the fly ash carry over can be strongly

reduced, compared to a co-current kiln.

4.2.2 Co-Current Rotary Kiln



Flue gases flow in the same direction of the waste, with the inclination of the kiln. Solids move by the

rotary motion and by gravity from the high end to the low end of the kiln.

Primary combustion air is blown in by a fan. The excess of combustion air is generally 100 % to 150 %.

While flowing to the back of the kiln, the air heats up and becomes poor in oxygen due to the complete

combustion of all the solids basically becoming flue gas so that at the back of the kiln the outflowing flue







gases contain less oxygen (6 %) but are hot (900 °C -1000 °C) due to the complete oxidation of all the

waste components (solid and gaseous fraction).

Incoming waste (solids) is cold and follows the same flow direction as the incoming (cold) combustion air.

Depending on the CV of the waste, a make-up burner is required to start the incineration process.

At the back (bottom ash exit) of the kiln, the solids do not contain enough combustible matter anymore,

such that the flue gases flowing to the post combustion zone have to be re-heated from 900 °C -1000 °C

to 1100 °C by a supporting burner.

Bottom ash is hot (1000 °C) and is not cooled down by the incoming combustion air as it is the case with a

counter-current kiln. Also, the oxygen – poor atmosphere cannot help to achieve a good burnout. The high

temperature in the ash evacuation zone (1000 °C) creates a high risk of slagging and makes ash handling

difficult (ash quench is required).

Additional features are that this type of kiln ensures little turbulence and hence the kiln must be longer. To

keep the combustion going, kiln rotation must be faster than in a counter-current kiln, leading to more fly

ash carry over.

Comparison of the operating conditions of a typical example of rotary kiln, counter current versus co-

current.

Counter Current Rotary Kiln Co-Current Rotary Kiln

Size Compact Bigger size

Amount of waste in 1000 kg/h 1000 kg/h

Waste inlet temperature 1000 °C 200 °C

Oxygen % at waste inlet 6 % 21 %

Waste residence time >2-4 h >2h

Bottom ash

Residual organic carbon in Ash <0.5 % >2-8 %

Temperature 200 °C 1000 °C

Mass reduction (%) <85 % >75 %

Post combustion additional support fuel consumption

0 kg/h >100 kg/h

Fly ash 750 mg/Nm3 1500 mg/Nm3








The Project Proponent has chosen the counter current rotary kiln as their preferred technology based on

the following key benefits:

Low consumption of fuel.

The incinerator will be using counter-flow process which allow very minimum or even non consumption

of fuel during ideal operation. The fuel only consumed during start-up process which takes less than

24 hours.

Better air emission.

The incinerator has been well accepted with 55 units has been operated all around Europe, Africa,

Middle East and Asia. Main factor of this acceptance due to application of modern and highly efficient

air pollutant control system which treats the combustion effectively before being emitted to

environment. The system proven to be able to comply with stringent emission standard worldwide.

Low production of by-product.

No effluent produced from the incinerator. During the incineration process, the ash produced is only

8% from the original load.

4.3 NO PROJECT OPTIONS

Besides the above, “No Project” option will also be discussed in the EIA report.

5 EIA STUDY GUIDELINES AND APPROACHES

5.1 REVIEW OF GUIDELINES AND ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATIONS

The EIA study and report shall be undertaken in accordance with the guidelines issued by the DOE and

other agencies. The list of guidelines is not exhaustive and subject to updates and new requirement by the

respective agencies. Nevertheless, the relevant list of guidelines includes:

Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines for Risk Assessment, December 2004.

Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines for Toxic and Hazardous Waste Treatment and

Disposal Projects, February 2000.

Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines in Malaysia (2016) by DOE

Environmental Quality (Amendment) Act, 2012

Environmental Quality (Industrial Effluent) Regulations, 2009

Environmental Quality (Prescribed Activities) (Environmental Impact Assessment) Order 2015

Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations, 2005

Environmental Quality Act, 1974







Factory and Machinery Act (revised 1974)

Guidance Document for Addressing Soil Erosion and Sediment Control Aspects In The

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report (19 July 2016) by DOE

Guidance Document for the Preparation Of The Document On Land-Disturbing Pollution

Prevention and Mitigation Measures (LD-P2M2) (19 July 2016) by DOE

Guidance Document on Health Impact Assessment (HIA) in Environmental Impact Assessment

(EIA), June 2012

Occupational Safety and Health Act,1994

Environmental Quality (Clean Air) Regulations 2014

The Planning Guidelines for Environmental Noise Limits and Control, (2nd Edition, August 2007)

by DOE

Town and Country Planning Act, 1960

5.2 REVIEW OF PREVIOUSLY APPROVED EIA REPORTS OR STUDIES

Relevant reliable journals, articles, case studies, guidelines and secondary data (i.e. previous EIA Report

of the Project, baseline data, on-going monitoring reports, and safety records); will be reviewed to assist in

the further comprehension of the projected environmental impacts resultant from the Project. Some of the

references include:

Proposed Clinical Waste Incinerator Replacement Project at Radicare (M) Sdn Bhd Plant in Lot 5,

Jalan Waja 16, Teluk Panglima Garang, Daerah Kuala Langat, Selangor (2018) prepared by Tri

Ecoedge Sdn Bhd. (2018).

Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Clinical Waste Thermal Treatment

Facility in Sabah by Faber Medi-Serve Sdn. Bhd (2009) prepared by Chemsain Konsultant Sdn

Bhd.

5.3 ENGAGEMENT WITH RELEVANT AGENCIES AND LOCAL COMMUNITY

Government policies, legislation and regulations relevant to the proposal will be identified. Local plans

and policies will also be evaluated. Project characteristics will be analysed to ensure compliance with

these policies, legislation and regulations. Appropriate recommendations will be provided to ensure

regulatory compliance. Discussions and meetings may be carried out with various Government Agencies;

with Ministry of Health and Department of Environment being the two key agencies and other agencies

such as:

Department of Environment (DOE)

Ministry of Health (MOH).

Majlis Bandaraya Melaka Bersejarah

Any other relevant Government Agencies as and when necessary

It is intended that this consultation will be in the form of informal and formal discussions







5.3.1 Socio-economic

The existing socio-economic information will cover the population of the district and residents living nearby

the zone of influence. An introduction of the socio economic information at the district where the Project is

located is necessary to allow an understanding of:

The strategic importance of having the project at the district and

The socio-economic background of the population in the district.

The source of the data will be collected from secondary demographic data from the Department of

Statistics publication on The 2010 Population and Housing Census of Malaysia.

The information on the socio-economic characteristics of the populations and economic activities

surrounding the project site include demographic characteristics such as on population and household

size, gender, race and age.

6 SIGNIFICANT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS TO BE STUDIED

A scoping exercise was conducted and documented as Environmental Scoping Information (ESI) Report

appended as Appendix A.

Based on initial desktop study, human settlements have been identified as the environmental sensitive

areas (ESA) which are located adjacent to the Project site. The ESAs are listed in Table 12 and shown in

Figure 8.

Table 12 : Environmental Sensitive Areas (ESA) – Settlement

Radius Area

Up to 1 km Radius Taman Tanjung Minyak Perdana (northeast)

Kuli Metto Amman (northwest)

Melaka Chinese Temple (southeast)

Up to 2 km Radius Kg Ayer Salak (southwest) Taman Rambai Indah (southwest)

Taman Tanjung Minyak Utama (southeast)

Bertam Ulu (east)

Taman Bertam Permai (northeast) Kg Bertam Ulu (northeast)

Taman Bertam Impian (north) Taman Bertam Setia (northeast)

Taman Rambai Utama (southeast) SK Bertam Ulu (northeast)

Madrasah Al-Hikmah (northeast) SJK(C) Bertam Ulu (northeast)

Church of St. Mary, Ayer Salak (southwest)

Masjid Bertam Ulu (northeast)

Surau Al-Usrah (northeast)

Up to 3 km Radius Kg Ayer Supai (northeast) Taman Seri Bertam (northwest)

Kg Tangga Batu (southwest) Taman Rambai (southwest)

Tangga Batu (southwest) Kg Seberang Gajah (southwest)

Taman Malim Jaya (southwest) Taman Tanjung Minyak Setia (southeast)

Taman Sri Rambai (southeast) Tanjung Minyak (southeast)







Radius Area

Taman Perwira Rumah Awam Cheng (southeast)

Taman Cheng Jaya (southeast)

Taman Cheng Perdana (southeast) Taman Bertam Jaya (east)

Taman Paya Emas (northeast) Taman Cheng Baru (southeast)

SMK Taman Bukit Rambai (southwest)

SJK(C) Cheng (southeast)

SMK Tun Haji Abd Malek (southeast) SK Tanjung Minyak (southeast)

Tangga Batu Fire and Rescue Station (southwest)

Surau Rumah Awam Datin Fatimah Bukit Rambai (southwest)

Up to 5 km Radius Taman Paya Rumput Perdana (northeast)

Taman Raya Rumput Indah (northeast)

Taman Seri Paya Rumput (northeast)

Taman Paya Rumput (northeast)

Taman Permai (northeast) Taman Bukit Cheng (southeast)

Taman Cheng Utama (southeast) Taman Cheng Ria (southeast)

Taman Asean (southeast) Taman Gadong Perdana (southeast)

Kg Bukit Rambai (southeast) Taman Malim Jaya (southeast)

Kg Gaffar Baba (southwest) Kg Rambai Tengah (southeast)

Sg Udang (northwest) Taman Merdeka (southeast)

Kg Gelam (southwest) Kg Tanah Merah Jaya (southwest)

Kg Pantai Kundur (southwest) Kg Sg Udang (west)

Taman Peruna (west) Taman Pahlawan (northwest)

SK Bukit Rambai (southeast) SK Kg Gelam (southwest)

SJK(C) Poh Lan (southwest) SK Sg Udang (west)

SMK Malim (southeast) Kompleks Penjara Melaka (northwest)

Masjid Al-Faizin (south) Turkish Mosque Rombang

Masjid Tangga Batu Pekan, Tanjong Kling (southwest)

Masjid Mohsinin (southwest)

Perpustakaan Desa Paya Rumput (northeast)

Kuil Sannasimalai Andavar Tirukkoril

Potential environmental impacts associated with the development of the Project were identified and

summarised in Table 13.

Table 13: Anticipated Significant Environmental Impacts

No Project Stage Project Activities Environmental Impacts

1. Construction Stage

Mobilisation of Workforce

Foundation works – soil improvement,

piling

Water quality impact

Air quality impact








Civil and structure works – incinerator

plant and IETS

Transportation of construction material

and equipment

Mechanical and electrical works –

installation of all process equipment,

conveying systems and environmental

control systems

Testing and commissioning - No-load,

load and performance tests

Noise impact

Waste generation and management

2. Operation and Maintenance Stage

Transportation of healthcare wastes to

Project site

Operation of incinerator

Maintenance works

Potential accidental spillage


Safety hazard

Air quality

Noise impact

The following sub-sections described the study boundary, assessment standards, assessment

approaches and tools and possible mitigation measures.

6.1 WATER QUALITY

The thermal treatment or incineration of the healthcare wastes is a dry process. The only possible

sources of wastewater are from the truck/ bin cleansing and disinfection activities. The potential scenarios

for water pollution will be assessed based on the evaluation of the projected wastewater discharge from

the washing bay area.

Initial assessment of wastewater management found that the potential impact on water quality is

considered low since the volume of wastewater from the truck/bin cleansing and disinfection activities is

low and shall be channelled to IETS for treatment before being discharged to the industrial area drainage

system.

6.1.1 Study Boundaries

In order to gauge surface water quality within the Project area, baseline for water quality will be

established for in-situ testing and analysis of grab samples taken at the proposed water monitoring

locations as shown in Table 14 and Figure 9.

Water quality monitoring will be carried out twice (except for dioxin and furan) to represent dry and wet

weathers, where possible. Dioxin and furan will be conducted once–off at upstream and downstream of

the site as representative points for future comparison should there be any deposition of such pollutants

upon the operation of the new incinerator.

10

9

8

6

1

2

37

5

4

11

12

14

13

16

19

18

17

20

21

15

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

33

32

34

3539

43

44

45

46

42

47

37 38

36

40

41

48

49

5051

52

53

54

55

56

57 58

6059

61

62

63

64

65

66

67

6869

70

71


ENVIRONMENTAL

SENSITIVE AREA

LEGEND:

500M Radius

1KM Radius

2KM Radius

3KM Radius

5KM Radius

4KM Radius

FIGURE 8


BASELINE SAMPLING

LOCATIONS

LEGEND:

A2/N4

A3

A4

W3

W2

W1

A1

N1

N2

N3

FIGURE 9







Table 14: Proposed Baseline Water Quality Locations

Station Approximate Coordinates Justification

W1 2°16'47.6"N 102°10'50.3"E To represent the existing water quality at existing drain next to the storm water drain discharge point at the southeast boundary of Project site

W2 2°16'47.3"N 102°10'50.4"E To represent the existing water quality at existing drain next to the storm water drain discharge point at the west boundary of Project site

W3 2°16'00.9"N 102°10'37.6"E To represent the existing water quality of Sg Ayer Salak located further downstream of the Project site

6.1.2 Assessment Standards

Surface water parameters to be tested are listed in Table 15 and the tests shall be conducted by SAMM

accredited laboratory using appropriate APHA Standard Test Methods. Test results will be discussed in

the EIA report with comparison made with the National Water Quality Standards for Malaysia, where

relevant (Appendix 1 of the ESI).

Table 15: Proposed Water Quality Parameters

Parameters Test Method

Temperature In-situ, APHA 2550 B

pH value In-situ, APHA 4500-H+B

Dissolved Oxygen (DO) In-situ, APHA 2500-O G

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) APHA 5210B & 4500-O G

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) APHA 5220 C

Total Suspended Solids (TSS) APHA 2540 D

Mercury APHA 3112 B

Cadmium, Lead, Copper, Zinc, Iron, Manganese, Nickel

APHA 3111 B

Total Chromium APHA 3125 B

Arsenic APHA 3114 B & C

Tin In-house Method 0502 based on APHA 3111 D

Boron APHA 4500-C B

Cyanide APHA 4500-CN C & D

Phenol APHA 5530 C

Free Chlorine In-situ, In-house Method 0501 base on Palintest Comparator

Sulphide APHA 4500 S2- F

Oil and grease APHA 5520 B

Turbidity (NTU) APHA 2130 B








Ammoniacal Nitrogen APHA 4500-NH3 C

Total Coliform Count APHA 9221 B

Faecal Coliform Count APHA 9221 E

Dioxin and furan US EPA Method 1613B

6.1.3 Description of Modelling Tools and Assessment Methodologies




system.

Nonetheless, the assessment on water quality shall be further detailed out in the EIA. The evaluation of

impacts will be made against established standards and criteria made under the Environmental Quality

Act, 1974 and its subsidiary legislation as well as other international accepted criteria.

6.1.4 Possible Mitigation Measures

Possible mitigation measures or best management practices from similar projects that may be used to

address the water quality of this Project is as follow:

All chemicals, oil and fuels should be stored in a designated and covered area onsite. These

areas should be provided with oil traps and also bunded to prevent spillage.

Trucks and bins washing water to be treated in IETS to comply with Standard B of the

Environmental Quality (Industrial Effluents) Regulations 2009 prior discharge to public drain.

6.2 AIR QUALITY

Prediction of air quality impact during construction stage is due to fugitive dust and gases emissions from

vehicle exhausts and machineries. Potential air quality impact during construction stage is considered

low, temporary and insignificant.

During operation stage, air quality impact is one of the main environmental issues expected from the

operation of the proposed facility. The prediction of impacts due to air pollutants will be made for point

and fugitive dust emissions. Air pollutants are expected from, but not limited to the following sources:

Emissions of flue gases from combustion via the chimney

Handling of ash

Healthcare wastes incineration depending on the capacity, waste feed and combustion conditions of the

incineration plant, can emit the following pollutants into the atmosphere:

Particulate matter

Heavy metals (i.e. lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury)







Acid gases (HCl, SO2)

Oxides of nitrogen

Carbon monoxide

Organics (VOC, dioxin and furan)

Various other materials present in healthcare wastes, such as pathogens and cytotoxins. No radioactive

substances are expected as these are removed before the waste is incinerated.

Particulate matter is emitted as a result of incomplete combustion of organic matter and the entrainment of

non-combustible ash due to the turbulent movement of combustion gases. Particulate matter may contain

heavy metals, acids and trace organics. Acid gases like HCl and (SO2) in the exhaust gas are directly

related to the chlorine and sulphur content of the waste. Most of the chlorine are from polyvinyl chloride

(PVC) waste and other chlorinated compounds wherein during incineration are converted to HCl. Sulphur

is also chemically-bound within the waste materials and is oxidised during combustion to form SO2.

NOx are formed during combustion by i) oxidation of nitrogen chemically bound in waste and ii) reaction

between molecular nitrogen and oxygen in combustion air. As for CO, it is a product of incomplete

combustion.

Similarly failure to achieve complete combustion of organic materials may result in emissions of a variety

of organic compounds such as methane, ethane and other high molecular weight organics (dioxins and

furans).


In order to gauge baseline ambient air quality within the Project site and at the identified sensitive

receptors, four sampling locations will be established as listed in Table 16 and shown in Figure 9.

Ambient air monitoring will be carried out twice (except for dioxin and furan) preferably to represent dry

weather and wet weather conditions.

Table 16: Proposed Baseline Ambient Air Quality Sampling Locations


A1 2°16'48.3"N 102° 10' 51.3"E To represent the ambient air quality at the north boundary of Project site.

A2 2°16'53.7"N 102°11'15.9"E To represent the ambient air quality at Taman Tg Minyak Utama (padang permainan facing main road) located northeast of Project site.

A3 2°16'36.6"N 102° 10' 25.5"E To represent the ambient air quality at Kg Ayer Salak located southwest of the Project site.

A4 2°15'47.0"N 102° 11' 3.2"E To represent the ambient air quality at Taman Rambai Jaya located south of Project site.








The test parameters and respective test methods for ambient air quality baseline are tabulated in Table

17. Test results obtained will be evaluated against the Malaysia Ambient Air Quality Standard and Arizona

Ambient Air Quality Standard (Appendix 2 of the ESI) and discussed in the EIA report.

Table 17: Proposed Test Parameters for Ambient Air Quality

Parameters Test Methods

PM2.5 High Volume Sampler

AS/NZS 3580.9.14.2013

PM10 High Volume Sampler

AS/NZS 3580.9.6.2003

Sulphur Oxides (as SOx) Air Sampling Pump

In House Method based on Methods of air sampling and analysis, 3rd Edition, Method 704 A

Nitrogen Oxides (as NOx) Air Sampling Pump

In House Method based on Methods of air sampling and analysis, 3rd Edition, Method 818A (sampling excluded)

CO In-situ using Dositube

HCl ID 174 SG

HF ID 110

Lead, Mercury, Cadmium, Chromium, Arsenic, Copper

Extracted from particulate matters filter paper

ICPMS

Dioxin and furan US EPA Method TO-9A


Based on assessment study requirements, the type of sources and outputs required, the model selected

for this assessment will be the USEPA AERMOD Model. In this particular assessment, a 10 km X 10 km

(5 km radius) Cartesian grid with 100 m spacing for the nearest 1 km receptors and 200m grid spacing for

receptors further than 1 km from the source is used for impact modelling. The surface weather and upper

air data used in the AERMOD modelling input will be from the nearest meteorological station. One year of

the latest hourly meteorological data consisting of wind speed, wind direction, temperature, stability and

mixing height available data will be used in the analysis.

All raw data used in the modelling will be appended in the EIA report. Pollutants to be modelled and

assessed are:

i. PM10 ii. PM2.5 iii. NO2

iv. SO2 v. HCl vi. arsenic (as As)

vii. cadmium (as Cd) viii. lead (as Pb) ix. mercury (as Hg)

x. dioxin and furan







Results of the modelling will be assessed based upon other criteria generally accepted by the DOE for

ground level concentrations of air pollutants and also reputable and relevant international standards. The

type of air pollution control system used will also be addressed. Based on the result, recommendations to

minimise the impact to the surrounding land use or receptor will be formulated.



address the air quality impacts of this Project is as follow:

Good housekeeping at site.

No open burning of any materials on-site is allowed.

Periodical impact monitoring of air quality at Project boundary and identified sensitive receptor.

Installation of Continuous Emission Monitoring System (CEMS) shall be conducted to monitor the

air emission parameters

More detailed and definite mitigation measures will be discussed in the EIA report.

6.3 WASTE MANAGEMENT

Waste generated during construction and operation stages of the Project will potential deteriorates the

condition of the surrounding environment if they are not properly managed. Anticipated type of wastes to

be generated from the Project is as tabulated in Table 18.

Table 18: Anticipated Waste from Project

Stage Category Type of Waste Possible Source

Construction Stage

Scheduled Waste

Disposed containers, bags or equipment contaminated with chemicals, pesticides, mineral oil or schedule wastes (SW409)

Construction area, workshop

Rags or filters contaminated with scheduled waste (SW410)

Spent lubrication oil (SW 305)

Waste of inks, paints, pigments, lacquer, dye or varnish SW 417

Solid Waste

Metal Scrap/ Construction material Stockpile on site


Scheduled Waste

Ashes from scheduled waste incinerator (SW 406) Incinerator

Spent lubrication oil (SW 305) Incinerator, workshop

Spent hydraulic oil (SW 306) Incinerator, workshop


Storage area









Storage area

Sludges containing one or several metals including chromium, copper, nickle, zinc, lead, cadmium, aluminium, tin, vanadium and beryllium (SW204)

IETS


The study will cover wastes generated by the Project.


Impact assessment on waste management will be based on best management practises as well as latest

Acts and Regulations.

6.3.3 Description of modelling tools and assessment methodologies

Estimation of wastes generation will be attempted using historical data and secondary references.

Proposed waste management plans will be evaluated and documented in the EIA report.



address the waste management of this Project is as follow:

All workers should be adequately trained in terms of appropriate use, handling and disposal of

chemicals and lubricants involved in the operation of the facility.

To provide appropriate designated and marked storage areas for scheduled wastes.

All scheduled waste during maintenance works should be handled and disposed off according to

the Environmental Quality (Schedule Wastes) Regulations 2005.

More detailed and definite mitigation measures will be discussed in the EIA report

6.4 NOISE

The major source of noise from the Project will arise from the operating machineries such as air

compressors, feed hopper, exhaust fan and other mechanical systems.


The existing ambient noise levels will be monitored at four proposed monitoring stations as listed in Table

19 and shown in Figure 9.







Table 19: Proposed Baseline Noise Measurement Locations


N1 2°16'48.1"N 102°10'51.9"E To represent the ambient noise level at the northeast boundary of the Project

N2 2°16'46.2"N 102°10'50.7"E To represent the ambient noise level at the west boundary of the Project site.

N3 2°16'44.7"N 102°10'52.9"E To represent the ambient noise level at the south boundary of the Project site.

N4 2°16'53.7"N 102°11'15.9"E To represent the noise level at Taman Tg Minyak Utama located northeast of Project site.


Noise measurements will be conducted once at the monitoring station using a calibrated sound level

meter and continuously over 24 hours period to represent 15 hours (7 am to 10 pm) day time and 9 hours

(10 pm to 7 am) night time. Measurement parameters shall include Leq, Lmax, Lmin, L10 and L90. Extraneous

and significant noise contributors observed during the monitoring sessions will be recorded. Measured

results will be evaluated against the Planning Guidelines for Environmental Noise Limits and Control

(Appendix 3 of the ESI) and discussed in the EIA report.


Noise levels at a distance from source can be predicted based on the approach that noise emanating from

a source will attenuate naturally as it propagates over free air. This is due to wave divergence, which

results in dissipation of sound energy. The attenuation of noise can be estimated based on information

related to sound power level of the source and the distance over which the sound travels. Therefore, the

propagation of a noise source measured at 1m away can be shown to behave to the following formula:

(Point source)

(Line source)

Where,

L = Noise Level at d metres away from the source

L0 = Noise Level measured at 1 meter away from the source

d = Distance from the point source in meters



address the noise level of this Project is as follow:

Establish periodical maintenance schedule for all motorised machineries and equipment as

preventive measure to minimise emission of loud noise. Attention shall be given to efficiency of

mufflers to reduce noise problems.







Enclosure or other type of acoustic measures shall be applied on equipment which contribute to

noise levels higher than 85 dB (A).


6.5 HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT

The Health impact assessment (HIA) component will investigate potential public health impacts from

primary environmental influences such as air quality and water quality, on the population residing in the

vicinity of the proposed Project especially during the construction and operation stages The HIA

methodology will be based on the Guidance Document on HIA in EIA issued by the Department of

Environment as well as the US EPA’s Human Health Risk Assessment Protocol.


The study boundary for EHIA is 5 km radius from the Project.


For acute health risk, exposure concentration or dose will be compared with the Malaysia Ambient Air

Quality Standard and Arizona Ambient Air Quality Standard (Appendix 3) and discussed in the EIA report.

For prediction of health impact, the reference concentration (RfC) will be referred to the US EPA

Integrated Risk Information System.







It is anticipated that main environmental influences from the proposed Project will be the changes to

ambient air quality. The air pollutants that will be modelled for their health effects are:

i. PM10 ii. NO2 iii. SO2

iv. HCl v. arsenic (as As) vi. cadmium (as Cd)

vii. lead (as Pb) viii. mercury (as Hg) ix. dioxins and furans

A description of the existing public health status will be attempted. This will involve describing the

present health status of the population residing in the vicinity of the proposed Project. It will involve both

primary and secondary data collection. Primary data on community health status will be obtained through

a health questionnaire survey of the residents within the proposed project’s zone of impact. Secondary data on disease morbidity will be requested from the nearest government hospital and health clinic to the

proposed project site.

To assess the public health risk of the proposed Project a health risk assessment (HRA) methodology

will be employed. The HRA will describe the public health impacts and risks on the population residing

within the zone of impact of the proposed Project during its construction and operational phases. It will







employ the health risk assessment (HRA) approach adopted in the Guidance Document which

comprises the six basic steps of issues identification, hazard identification, dose-response assessment,

exposure assessment, risk characterization and uncertainty analysis. Data input into the HRA process

will be sourced from the health survey, air quality modelling outputs, water quality modelling outputs,

published epidemiological studies on health effects of air and water pollutants, and exposure parameters

database from the US EPA or ATSDR. The specific areas which will be encompassed as part of this HIA

will include, but will not be limited to:

Assessment of public health risks (both acute and chronic) associated with the proposed emission of

air pollutants from the Project during testing and commissioning and full operation. Assessment and

impact projection will be in consideration of any other accumulating sources nearby the proposed

Project site;

Assessment of public health risks (both acute and chronic) associated with any other activities which

at this stage of the assessment are not foreseen.

Based on the outcomes of the HRA process, appropriate mitigation and control measures will be

proposed to minimize the environmental health impacts on the impacted community.

Residual environmental health impacts on the impacted community, if any, will be identified and

adequately described. A proper environmental monitoring and auditing program will be proposed for the

residual impacts identified, if necessary.



address the air quality impacts of this Project are as follow:

No open burning of any materials on-site is allowed.

Periodical impact monitoring of air quality at Project boundary and identified sensitive receptor.

Installation of proper air pollution control equipment.

Installation of Continuous Emission Monitoring System (CEMS) shall be conducted to monitor the

air emission parameters.

6.6 QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT

Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) is the application of methodology to produce a numerical

representation of the frequency and extent of a specified level of exposure or harm, to specified people or

the environment, due to the operation of the Project.


The study boundary for QRA is 5 km radius from the Project.








Risk Assessment criteria:

1 x 10-6 fatalities / person per year Individual Risk (IR) contour should not encompass involuntary

recipients of industrial risks such as residential areas, schools, hospitals and places of continuous

occupancy.

1 x 10-5 fatalities / person per year Individual Risk (IR) contour should not extend beyond industrial

developments.


The principal stages of this risk assessment are briefly described as follows:

Data Collection - Information is collected and documented covering the following areas:

Description: the layout of the plant and proposed process.

Surrounding environment: the topography, meteorology, population distribution, possible ignition

sources within or surrounding the proposed Project site.

Safety measures: the measures available to prevent and/or mitigate possible accidents.

Hazard Identification - All potential hazards resulting from the failures of handling and storage of the

hazardous substances are identified. The identification process uses a mixture of experience from

previous QRA’s.

Frequency Analysis - All event outcome frequencies will be calculated based on generic data of

failure rates / leak frequencies applicable for each relevant industry.

Consequence Modelling - The consequences of each event are determined by established

modelling programs such as CIRRUS. The consequences are expressed as distance to levels, which

can cause fatalities.

Risk Presentation - The frequencies and the consequences of each event are combined to produce

overall measures of risk.

Major Risk Contributors - The risk generated by each accident scenario is ranked in terms of

initiating source and consequence type (i.e. explosion, jet fire, pool fire, etc.).

In examining the operations of the Project, all potential hazards arising from the incinerator facility

equipment failure will be identified. For this purpose, information on the incinerator facility layout will be

used for the identification of hazards. The only hazardous substance stored on-site is the fuel for the

incinerator, i.e. diesel. The QRA shall focus on all scenarios relevant to the handling and storage of diesel

within the plant. The possible hazardous scenarios that shall be evaluated are pool fires and its possible

impact towards the surrounding.

The results shall be presented in a risk contour plot representing the overall risk arising from accidents

which could result in fatalities on-site and off-site. The final stage of this assessment is to compare the







public risk level arising from the operation of the incinerator plant with commonly acceptable risk levels.

Risk reduction measures and the effects of the mitigating measures will also be discussed to enhance the

safety of the plant.



address the noise level of this Project is as follow:

Review and update the Emergency Response Plan (ERP) for the operation of the Project.

Enforce safety procedures to ensure authorised access only to the facility and further restrictions

are in place for limiting storage area access to approved persons only.

Perform regular emergency response drills (including desktop exercises), as well as feedback and

review sessions.

Conduct routine inspections of fire safety requirements (fire blankets, fire extinguishers, smoke

detectors, sprinklers, emergency lighting and fire-rated doors etc.


7 PROJECT TIMETABLE

Upon getting EIA approval and other necessary approval, the development of the Project will take about

12 months including testing and commissioning.

8 PROJECT ASSESSMENT TIMELINE

The proposed EIA timeline is as shown in Figure 10. This schedule may be revised accordingly as and

when new updates and significant information are received from the Contractor.

9 CONSIDERATION OF CONCURRENT PROJECTS

Based on initial site survey, there is no concurrent project adjacent to the Project site. Therefore no

cumulative impact to the surrounding areas is anticipated.






1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48

Appointment

Information from Client

Site Survey and Land Use

Engagement with Relevant Government

Agencies on TOR (DOE and Ministry of Health)

Preparation of TOR

TOR to Client and Review

Submission of TOR to DOE

Review and Endorsement of TOR by DOE (TOR

Meeting)#

1st baseline sampling (air, water, noise), land

use survey (5 km)

2nd baseline sampling (air, water), land use

survey (5 km)


Agencies on fact finding / comment on the

Project

Data analyses and interpretation

Impact Assessment

EMP and Monitoring Programme

Public Dialogue

Report Compilation

Preparation and Submission of Draft EIA Report

to Client

Review of Draft DEIA Report by Client


Agencies to Inform of EIA Findings

Printing and Report QA & QC

Submission Final EIA report to DOE

EIA Report Display Public Review

EIA Approval Process (3 months) / EIA Meeting#

Activity








APPENDIX A

ENVIRONMENTAL SCOPING INFORMATION (ESI)

MEDIVEST SDN BHD


ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

FOR

PROPOSED NEW INSTALLATION OF THERMAL TREATMENT

FACILITY FOR CENTRE OF HEALTHCARE WASTE

TREATMENT PLANT FOR MEDIVEST SDN BHD AT LOT 24,

25, 32 & 33, JALAN PBR 37, KAWASAN PERINDUSTRIAN

BUKIT RAMBAI, FASA 4C, MUKIM TANJUNG MINYAK,

MELAKA

Reference: CK/EV803/8026/18 ESI (Revision 1)

Date: October 2018

Prepared by:

Chemsain Konsultant Sdn Bhd (130904-U) No. 41, 1st Floor, Jalan USJ 10/1D, 47630 UEP Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia Tel: +603-56370163 Fax: +603-56370385

Second Schedule





Chemsain Konsultant Sdn Bhd TOC iii

CK/EV803/8026/18 ESI Revision No.: 1 Revision Date: October 2018

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCOPING INFORMATION (ESI) PREPARER ............................................................ 1

1.2 LEGISLATIVE REQUIREMENT .......................................................................................................... 1

1.3 PURPOSE OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ..................................................................... 1

1.4 PROCEDURAL STEPS FOR EIA ....................................................................................................... 1

2 BASIC INFORMATION OF PROJECT ............................................................................................ 3

2.1 PROJECT TITLE ............................................................................................................................. 3

2.2 PURPOSE AND NATURE OF PROJECT ............................................................................................. 3

2.3 PROJECT PROPONENT .................................................................................................................. 4

2.4 STATEMENT OF NEED .................................................................................................................... 5

2.5 PROJECT LOCATION ...................................................................................................................... 8

2.6 PROJECT COMPONENTS ................................................................................................................ 8

2.6.1 Former Incinerator Plant ..................................................................................................... 8

2.6.2 Existing Components .......................................................................................................... 9

2.6.2.1 Healthcare Waste Reception Area ............................................................................................ 9

2.6.2.2 Healthcare Waste Storage (Cold Room) ................................................................................... 9

2.6.2.3 Microwave Machines ................................................................................................................ 9

2.6.2.4 Infrastructures and Utilities........................................................................................................ 9

2.6.2.4.1 Water Supply .......................................................................................................................................... 9

2.6.2.4.2 Electricity ................................................................................................................................................ 9

2.6.2.4.3 Internet Network ..................................................................................................................................... 9

2.6.2.4.4 Storm Water Drainage System.............................................................................................................. 10

2.6.2.4.5 Other Facilities ...................................................................................................................................... 10

2.6.3 Upcoming Components..................................................................................................... 10

2.6.3.1 Incinerator Plant ...................................................................................................................... 10

2.6.3.1.1 Waste Feeding System ......................................................................................................................... 10

2.6.3.1.2 Primary Combustion – Feeding Ram System ........................................................................................ 11

2.6.3.1.3 Primary Combustion – Incinerator ......................................................................................................... 13

2.6.3.1.4 Secondary Combustion (Post Combustion) ........................................................................................... 16

2.6.3.1.5 Flue Gas Pre-Cooling ........................................................................................................................... 18

2.6.3.1.6 Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) Storing and Injection by Loss-in-Weight ............................................... 20

2.6.3.1.7 Activated Carbon Storing and Injection by Loss-in-Weight .................................................................... 21

2.6.3.1.8 Bag House Filter ................................................................................................................................... 21

2.6.3.1.9 Exhaust Fan ......................................................................................................................................... 22

2.6.3.1.10 Emission Monitoring Equipment ............................................................................................................ 23

2.6.3.1.11 Peripherals ........................................................................................................................................... 24

2.6.3.2 Truck and Bin Washing Area .................................................................................................. 29

2.6.3.3 Industrial Effluent Treatment System ...................................................................................... 29

2.7 DESIGN CRITERIA OF THE INCINERATOR ...................................................................................... 29

2.7.1 Key Design Parameters .................................................................................................... 29

2.8 PROCESS DESCRIPTION .............................................................................................................. 32

2.8.1 Handling of Healthcare Wastes at Source (On-Site Handling) ......................................... 32

2.8.1.1 Transportation of Healthcare Wastes to Project Site .............................................................. 36

2.8.2 Handling of Healthcare Wastes at Project Site (Off-site Handling) .................................. 37

2.8.2.1 Incineration Process ............................................................................................................... 37

2.8.2.2 Gas Cooling ............................................................................................................................ 38

2.8.2.3 Air Pollution Control System ................................................................................................... 38

2.8.2.4 Emission Monitoring ................................................................................................................ 38

2.8.2.5 Incinerator Plant Control System ............................................................................................ 39





Chemsain Konsultant Sdn Bhd TOC iv


2.8.2.6 Incinerator Plant Maintenance ................................................................................................ 39

2.8.2.7 Management of Bottom Ash and Fly Ash (SW 406) ................................................................ 39

2.8.2.8 Management of Fluff (SW 501) ............................................................................................... 39

2.8.2.9 Healthcare Waste Storage ...................................................................................................... 40

2.8.2.10 Cleansing and Disinfection of Wheeled Bins and Trucks ........................................................ 40

2.8.2.11 Incinerator Plant Balances ...................................................................................................... 40

2.9 PROJECT DEVELOPMENT SCHEDULE ............................................................................................ 40

2.10 PROJECT ACTIVITIES ............................................................................................................. 40

2.10.1 Pre-Construction Stage ..................................................................................................... 40

2.10.2 Construction Stage ............................................................................................................ 41

2.10.3 Operation and Maintenance Stage ................................................................................... 41

3 ALTERNATIVE CONSIDERATIONS .............................................................................................. 43

3.1 SITE OPTIONS............................................................................................................................. 43

3.1.1 New Site Option ................................................................................................................ 43

3.1.2 Existing Site Option ........................................................................................................... 43

3.2 TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS ............................................................................................................... 43

3.2.1 Counter Current Rotary Kiln .............................................................................................. 44

3.2.2 Co-Current Rotary Kiln ...................................................................................................... 45

4 MAJOR ELEMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE VICINITY OF PROJECT SITE AND STUDY BOUNDARIES ................................................................................................................................ 47

4.1 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................................ 47

4.1.1 Topography ....................................................................................................................... 47

4.1.2 Geology and Soil ............................................................................................................... 47

4.1.3 Hydrology and Drainage ................................................................................................... 48

4.1.4 Meteorology and Climate .................................................................................................. 48

4.1.5 Scope of Environmental Baseline Assessment ................................................................ 48

4.1.5.1 Surface Water Quality ............................................................................................................. 48

4.1.5.2 Ambient Air Quality ................................................................................................................. 50

4.1.5.3 Ambient Noise Level ............................................................................................................... 51

4.2 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ......................................................................................................... 51

4.3 HUMAN ENVIRONMENT ................................................................................................................ 51

4.3.1 Land Use ........................................................................................................................... 51

5 OUTLINE OF PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAMME ............................................ 57

5.1 REVIEW OF GUIDELINES AND ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATIONS ....................................................... 57

5.2 REVIEW OF PREVIOUSLY APPROVED EIA REPORTS OR STUDIES ................................................... 58

5.3 ENGAGEMENT WITH RELEVANT AGENCIES AND LOCAL COMMUNITY .............................................. 58

5.3.1 Socio-economic ................................................................................................................. 58

5.4 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION ......................................................................................................... 59

5.5 PROJECT TIMETABLE................................................................................................................... 59

5.6 PROJECT ASSESSMENT TIMELINE ................................................................................................ 59

5.7 CONSIDERATION OF CONCURRENT PROJECTS .............................................................................. 59

6 ENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVE AREAS ........................................................................................ 61

7 POSSIBLE SIGNIFICANT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ............................................................. 62

8 DESCRIPTION OF MODELLING TOOLS, ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES .......................... 63

8.1 WATER QUALITY ......................................................................................................................... 63

8.2 AIR QUALITY ............................................................................................................................... 63

8.3 WASTE MANAGEMENT ................................................................................................................. 65

8.4 HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT ..................................................................................................... 66

8.5 QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT ............................................................................................... 67

8.6 NOISE ........................................................................................................................................ 68

9 POSSIBLE MITIGATION MEASURES ........................................................................................... 69





Chemsain Konsultant Sdn Bhd TOC v


10 CONTENTS OF THE EIA REPORT ............................................................................................... 71

11 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................ 71

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Approximate Coordinates of the Existing Centre of Healthcare Waste ...........................................8

Table 2: Counter Current Rotary Kiln Specification ..................................................................................... 14

Table 3: Two Vertical Cylindrical Chambers Specification .......................................................................... 17

Table 4: Retractable Burner Specification ................................................................................................... 17

Table 5: Flue Gas Pre-Cooling System Specification ................................................................................. 18

Table 6: Flue Gas to Thermal Oil Heat Exchanger Specification ................................................................ 19

Table 7: Thermal Oil Pump Skid .................................................................................................................. 19

Table 8: Bag House Filter Specifications .................................................................................................... 22

Table 9: Exhaust Fan Specifications ........................................................................................................... 23

Table 10: Emission Monitoring Equipment .................................................................................................. 24

Table 11: Chimney Stack Details ................................................................................................................ 25

Table 12: Incinerator Operating Standards ................................................................................................. 30

Table 13: Emission Standards –European Union and Malaysia ................................................................. 30

Table 14: Typical Medical Waste Chemical Composition ........................................................................... 31

Table 15: Summary of General Technical Characteristic of the Incinerator ............................................... 31

Table 16: Healthcare Wastes Characteristics ............................................................................................. 33

Table 17: Proximate Analysis of Clinical Waste .......................................................................................... 33

Table 18: Ultimate Analysis of Clinical Waste ............................................................................................. 33

Table 19: Approved Products Used for CWMS ........................................................................................... 34

Table 20: Healthcare Wastes Collection from Waste Generators ............................................................... 35

Table 21: Proposed Baseline Water Quality Locations ............................................................................... 49

Table 22: Proposed Water Quality Parameters ........................................................................................... 49

Table 23: Proposed Baseline Ambient Air Quality Sampling Locations ...................................................... 50





Chemsain Konsultant Sdn Bhd TOC vi


Table 24: Proposed Test Parameters for Ambient Air Quality .................................................................... 50

Table 25: Proposed Baseline Noise Measurement Locations .................................................................... 51

Table 26: Land Use within 3 km radius ....................................................................................................... 54

Table 27: Environmental Sensitive Areas (ESA) - Settlement .................................................................... 61

Table 28: Anticipated Significant Environmental Impacts ........................................................................... 62

Table 29: Possible Mitigation Measures ...................................................................................................... 69

LIST OF PLATES

Plate 1: Skip Hoist Mechanism .................................................................................................................... 11

Plate 2: Skip Tilting Mechanism .................................................................................................................. 11

Plate 3: Bin Weighing Unit ........................................................................................................................... 11

Plate 4: Feeding Hopper .............................................................................................................................. 13

Plate 5: Guillotine Door ................................................................................................................................ 13

Plate 6: Hydraulic Ram ................................................................................................................................ 13

Plate 7: Stationary Part ................................................................................................................................ 14

Plate 8: Rotary Kiln ...................................................................................................................................... 15

Plate 9: Rotary Motor ................................................................................................................................... 15

Plate 10: Reduced Cylindrical Section for Ash Evacuation ......................................................................... 15

Plate 11: Supporting Frame .......................................................................................................................... 16

Plate 12: Burner ........................................................................................................................................... 16

Plate 13: Post Combustion – Upper Part of Stationary ............................................................................... 17

Plate 14: Post Combustion – Retractable Burner ........................................................................................ 18

Plate 15: Flue Gas Pre-Cooling System ...................................................................................................... 18

Plate 16: Thermal Oil Heat Exchanger ........................................................................................................ 19

Plate 17: Thermal Oil Pump Skid ................................................................................................................ 20

Plate 18: Sodium Bicarbonate Storing and Injection ................................................................................... 21





Chemsain Konsultant Sdn Bhd TOC vii


Plate 19: Activated Carbon Storing and Injection ........................................................................................ 21

Plate 20: Bag House Filter ........................................................................................................................... 22

Plate 21: Exhaust Fan ................................................................................................................................. 23

Plate 22: Hydraulic Pack ............................................................................................................................. 24

Plate 23: Chimney Stack ............................................................................................................................. 25

Plate 24: Air Compressor Assembly ............................................................................................................ 26

Plate 25: Emergency By-pass ..................................................................................................................... 26

Plate 26: Dust Hopper and Container.......................................................................................................... 27

Plate 27: Liquid Injection System ................................................................................................................ 27

Plate 28: Safety Valve ................................................................................................................................. 28

Plate 29: MCC Power Switch ...................................................................................................................... 28

Plate 30: PLC Switch Board ........................................................................................................................ 28

Plate 31: Control Panel ................................................................................................................................ 29

Plate 32: PC Screen (Sample) .................................................................................................................... 29

Plate 33 Existing Project site condition ....................................................................................................... 52

Plate 34: Location of former incinerator. The new incinerator will be placed here. ..................................... 52

Plate 35: Existing Microwave Facilities ....................................................................................................... 53

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: General Overview of EIA Procedure

Figure 2: Project of Clinical Waste Received Against Treatment Capacity

Figure 3: Project Location Map

Figure 4: Project Layout


Figure 6: Mass Balance







Chemsain Konsultant Sdn Bhd TOC viii



Figure 10: Geology Map

Figure 11: Soil Map

Figure 12: Hydrology Map

Figure 13: Baseline Sampling Locations

Figure 14(a): Land Use within 500 m Radius

Figure 14(b): Land Use within 1 km Radius

Figure 14(c): Land Use within 3 km Radius

Figure 14(d): Land Use within 5 km Radius

Figure 15: Future Land Use Map


Figure 17: Environmental Sensitive Areas

APPENDICES

Appendix 1 National Water Quality Standards for Malaysia

Appendix 2 Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Guidelines

Appendix 3 The Planning Guidelines for Environmental Noise Limits and Control 2007





Chemsain Konsultant Sdn Bhd TOC 1


1 INTRODUCTION

This Environmental Scoping Information (ESI) is to outline the scope of Environmental Impact

Assessment (EIA) study that Chemsain Konsultant Sdn Bhd (Chemsain) will conduct for

“PROPOSED NEW INSTALLATION OF THERMAL TREATEMENT FACILITY FOR CENTRE OF

HEALTHCARE WASTE TREATMENT PLANT FOR MEDIVEST SDN BHD AT LOT 24, 25, 32 & 33,

JALAN PBR 37, KAWASAN PERINDUSTRIAN BUKIT RAMBAI, FASA 4C, MUKIM TANJUNG

MINYAK, MELAKA” (“the Project”). This is to ensure that the study could fulfil the requirement in the

Department of Environment’s (DOE) Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Guidelines 2016.

1.1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCOPING INFORMATION (ESI) PREPARER

This ESI is prepared by Chemsain Konsultant Sdn Bhd, the EIA Consultant appointed by Medivest Sdn.

Bhd. Corresponding details of the company are as follows:

EIA Consultant : Chemsain Konsultant Sdn Bhd (130904-U)

Address : No. 41, 1st Floor, Jalan USJ 10/1D,

UEP Subang Jaya, 47620 Subang Jaya

Selangor

Contact person : Ms Marina Roland Nawe (EIA Team Leader)

Telephone : +603 5637 0163

Fax : +603 5637 0385


1.2 LEGISLATIVE REQUIREMENT

Development of the Project which include installation of new thermal treatment facility at the existing

centre of healthcare waste treatment plant owned by Medivest Sdn Bhd (MSB) has been identified as a

prescribed activity under the Environmental Quality (Prescribed Activities) (Environmental Impact

Assessment) Order 2015 as follows:

Second Schedule – Activity No. 14: Waste Treatment and Disposal

Sub-activity (a): Scheduled waste (i) Construction of thermal treatment plant

In compliance with Section 34A of the Environmental Quality Act, 1974, an EIA report for the Project is

to be prepared for approval from Department of Environment (DOE).







1.3 PURPOSE OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

The objective of the EIA study is to ensure that all impacts, direct and indirect, especially environmental,

social and economics associated with the proposed development is fully examined and addressed.

Consistent with this objective, the EIA report shall be a self-contained and comprehensive document

which provides:

For the general public, a basis for understanding the proposal, alternatives and preferred

solutions, the existing environment and the potential changes to the environment that may occur

if the proposal is implemented;

For decision maker, information for assessing the proposed development and likely impacts of

all associated development with respect to environment, legislative and policy provisions; and

For the initiator, a comprehensive set of environmental requirements are incorporated in the

project from planning stage to end of project.

1.4 PROCEDURAL STEPS FOR EIA

The EIA and its review process are illustrated in Figure 1. This EIA process is based on the

Environment Impact Assessment Guidelines in Malaysia 2016 recently published by the Department of

Environment (DOE). It provides assessors with a step-by-step guide of EIA process.







Source: Environment Impact Assessment Guidelines in Malaysia (2016)

Figure 1: General Overview of EIA Procedure







2 BASIC INFORMATION OF PROJECT

2.1 PROJECT TITLE

The Project’s title is “PROPOSED NEW INSTALLATION OF THERMAL TREATMENT FACILITY FOR

CENTRE OF HEALTHCARE WASTE TREATMENT PLANT FOR MEDIVEST SDN BHD AT LOT 24, 25,

32 & 33, JALAN PBR 37, KAWASAN PERINDUSTRIAN BUKIT RAMBAI, FASA 4C, MUKIM

TANJUNG MINYAK, MELAKA”.

2.2 PURPOSE AND NATURE OF PROJECT

Medivest Sdn Bhd (MSB) is one of the concession companies providing Healthcare Waste Management

Services (HWMS) for Ministry of Health Malaysia (“MOH”). The HWMS include storage, collection,

transportation, treatment and disposal of healthcare waste.

MSB intends to install new thermal treatment facility at its existing centre of healthcare waste treatment

plant located at Lot 24, 25, 32 & 33, Jalan PBR 37, Kawasan Perindustrian Bukit Rambai, Fasa 4C

Mukim Tanjung Minyak, Melaka.

The installation works shall include planning, construction, installation and operation of a counter-current

rotary kiln type incinerator with a capacity to treat 20 MT/day of healthcare waste. This counter-current

rotary kiln type incinerator is developed by BIC Systems Asia Pacific Pte Ltd.




To date, the existing centre of healthcare is only treating SW 404 (pathogenic wastes, clinical wastes or

quarantined materials) using two existing microwave machines Model AMB Ecosteryl 250 (licensed since

2016) and Model MDS 2481 (licensed since 2018).

With the proposed installation of a counter-current rotary kiln incinerator, the Project Proponent also plan

to treat scheduled wastes under the following scheduled wastes codes at the upgraded facility:








or scheduled wastes


Internal


specification










Internal




Internal




Internal – IETS

When the new incinerator is in operation, the two microwave machines will be on standby mode and will

only be used when the incinerator is shut down.

2.3 PROJECT PROPONENT

Medivest Sdn Bhd is the Project Proponent of this Project. Corresponding details of MSB are as follows:

Project Proponent : MEDIVEST SDN BHD (224192-H)

Address : Suite 13.01 Penthouse, Wisma E & C

No. 2, Lorong Dungun Kiri

Damansara Heights

50490 Kuala Lumpur

Telephone : +603 209 21000 ext 804

Fax : +603 209 25000

Contact person : Mr Salleh bin Tahir (CEO)








2.4 STATEMENT OF NEED

Since 1996, MSB has operated two units of incinerators, for clinical waste treatment. However the

treatment of clinical wastes using incinerators have been replaced with a microwave machine (Microwave

AMB Ecosteryl 250) in 2016. A second microwave machine (Microwave MDS 2481) has been installed

and licensed in May 2018.

MSB planned to upgrade its centre of healthcare waste treatment facilities based on the following

considerations:

i. Increase of Clinical Waste Volume

Projection of future clinical waste volume against current capacity of the existing centre of healthcare

facilities is shown in Figure 2. Volume of clinical wastes is anticipated to increase approximately 5%

annually. MSB currently receives 11.0 MT/day (on average). By operating two units of the microwave

machines, MSB treatment capacity is 15.0 MT/day. By year 2025, MSB is expecting to receive 14.4

MT/day which is 96% of the total treatment capacity. Due to this projection on clinical waste load

annual increment, MSB shall prepare the facility earlier, to ensure treatment capacity is always more

than volume of the waste being generated. This is significant as to avoid the clinical waste backlog

incident which occurred around 2014-2015. Replacing the old incinerator with this new incinerator,

with 20.0 MT/ day treatment capacity, MSB will secure treatment capacity which ensure backlog

incident not repeating in future.






Figure 2: Projection of Healthcare Wastes Received Against Treatment Capacity







ii. Best treatment for Clinical Waste

Incineration process is the best treatment for clinical waste. Treating clinical waste through

incineration process is also recommended by Department of Environments (DOE) Malaysia whereby

it ensures almost complete destruction of the clinical waste and volume of the by-product produced

from this process is significantly small, less than 10% volume of the waste treated.

iii. Treatment Centre for Healthcare Waste

New concessionaire agreement with Ministry of Health (MOH), Malaysia in 2016 requires MSB not to

manage clinical waste only but also other scheduled wastes arise from healthcare practices. The

other scheduled wastes are SW 403 (discarded drugs containing psychotropic substances or

containing substances that are toxic, harmful, carcinogenic, mutagenic or teratogenic); SW 409

(disposed containers, bags or equipment contaminated with chemicals, pesticides, mineral oil or

scheduled wastes); SW 429 (chemicals that are discarded or off-specification), SW 430 (obsolete

laboratory chemicals) and SW 410 (rags, plastics, paper or filters contaminated with scheduled

wastes). By replacing with new, modern and advance technology incinerator, it is capable to treat

various type of healthcare wastes, not only treating clinical waste.

iv. Environmental-friendly Technology

Previous incinerator used by MSB is stepped hearth-type incinerator which technology origin from

Australia. MSB has conducted technical and commercial evaluation on which technology suit the best

with the company’s requirement. Based on the evaluations, technology offered by BIC Systems Asia

Pacific Pte Ltd (BIC) is chosen as the best technology. BIC offers rotary kiln-type incinerator with

counter-current design.

Advantages of the technology to the environmental basis are:


The incinerator will be using counter-flow process which allow very minimum or even non-

consumption of fuel during ideal operation. The fuel only consumed during start-up process which

takes less than 24 hours.


The incinerator system is well accepted with 55 units has been operated all around Europe, Africa,

Middle East and Asia. Main factor of this acceptance due to application of modern and highly efficient

air pollutant control system which treats the combustion effectively before being emitted to

environment. The system proven to be able to comply with stringent emission standard worldwide.










v. Collection of Clinical Waste from Private Sectors

MSB intends to collect and treat clinical waste from private sectors. The private sectors include

private hospitals, haemodialysis centres and clinics.

2.5 PROJECT LOCATION

The Project is located at the existing centre of healthcare waste treatment facilities at Lot 24, 25, 32 & 33

within Kawasan Perindustrian Bukit Rambai Fasa 4C, Mukim Tanjung Minyak, Melaka. The total area of

the existing centre is 8, 408 m2 (about 2 acres). Total land area involved for development of the

incinerator plant is only about 2, 602 m2. The Project location map is shown as Figure 3. The Project site

is located about 17 km from the Melaka town. The Project site is accessible via Lebuh AMJ/Route 19 –

Lebuh SPA/ Route 33 – Jalan M9 – Jalan PBR 37.

Approximate coordinates of the existing centre of healthcare waste treatment plant boundaries are as

tabulation in Table 1.

Table 1: Approximate Coordinates of the Existing Centre of Healthcare Waste

Latitude Longitude Description

2°16’49.17” 102°10’51.27” North Boundary

2°16’44.55” 102°10’54.15” Southeast Boundary

2°16’44.59” 102°10’52.32” South Boundary

2°16’45.83” 102°10’52.22” Middle Boundary

2°16’45.83” 102°10’50.55” West Boundary

2.6 PROJECT COMPONENTS

The Project involves planning, construction, installation and operation of an incinerator with a capacity to

treat 20 MT/day of healthcare waste. Generally, the main components of the incinerator plant facility

include waste reception and storage, waste combustion, gas cooling, air pollution control and ash

receiving and storage system, truck and bin washing system and industrial effluent treatment system

(IETS).

Figure 4 shows the layout of the Project components that consist of storage areas (for healthcare waste,

chemicals and ash), plant building (that accommodates the new incinerator area, existing administration

office and existing microwave facilities) and bin washing/ disinfection area. The Project components are

elaborated in the following sub-sections.

2.6.1 Former Incinerator Plant

The existing plant commenced its operation in 1997 using stepped hearth incineration system. During the

operation of the former incinerator plant, there were two incinerator lines equipped with respective air

pollution control systems. Both incinerators, were stepped hearth system, have same exact specifications

and treatment capacity of 7.2 MT/day (300 kg/hr).

THAILAND

KEDAHPulauLangkawi

ALOR SETAR

PERLISKANGAR

PINANGPULAU

TOWN

KELANTAN

KOTA BHARU

TERENGGANU

PERAKTERENGGANU

IPOH

PAHANGKUANTAN

SELANGOR


SEREMBAN

NEGERI

MELAKAJOHOR

JOHORBAHRU

TiomanPulau

SINGAPURA

KUALA

GEORGE

SEMBILAN


LEGEND:

PROJECT

LOCATION

FIGURE 3

TBM

Sb

EP

TP

LP

Sp

MH

TB

MHW


PROJECT LAYOUT

FIGURE 4







MSB has ceased the incinerator operation in March 2016. Abandonment Management Plan was prepared

and submitted to DOE Negeri Melaka in May 2017 and it was approved on 6 June 2017. Dismantling and

removal works were completed on 28 November 2017.

2.6.2 Existing Components

2.6.2.1 Healthcare Waste Reception Area

This area is allocated to house the unloading and weighing of received healthcare waste. It is for temporary

storage before further feeding process in the system.

2.6.2.2 Healthcare Waste Storage (Cold Room)

At the end of the day, untreated healthcare wastes will be stored in the cold storage area before being

processed during the following day. There are six existing cold room stores with a capacity of 15 MT each

(total capacity of 90 MT), temperature of below 6 °C and 8 holding days.

2.6.2.3 Microwave Machines

There are two microwave machines available at the Project site. Details of the machines are summarised

as follows:

i. Model AMB Ecosteryl 250

This microwave machine is from Belgium and has a capacity of 6 MT/day. License for operation was

obtained in 2016. This microwave machine is currently operating as the main clinical waste treatment

facility at the Project site.

ii. Model MDS 2481

This microwave machine is from the US. It has a capacity of 9 MT/day or 270 MT/month. License for

operation was obtained in May 2018.

2.6.2.4 Infrastructures and Utilities

2.6.2.4.1 Water Supply

Water supply requirement for ancillary facilities is estimated at 250m3/month (average). Since the Project

site is an existing healthcare waste treatment facility, water supply distribution pipe, water pump house

and storm water drainage system are already available at site. Oil sumps, septic tank, holding tank and

sewerline are also already installed at site.

2.6.2.4.2 Electricity

Electricity supply requirement for the incinerator is estimated about 50 kWh. Meanwhile for the ancillary

facilities the electricity requirement is 80 kWh (average).

2.6.2.4.3 Internet Network

The Project site requires internet speed of 4Mbps for computer networking.







2.6.2.4.4 Storm Water Drainage System

There is an existing storm water drainage system around the Project boundary. Storm water within the

Project area will be channelled to existing perimeter drainage system and it will be discharged off-site to

the existing drainage system available within the Kawasan Perindustrian Bukit Rambai, Fasa 4C.

2.6.2.4.5 Other Facilities

Other facilities available at the Project site include main office, workshop, scheduled waste store, general

room and staff room.

2.6.3 Upcoming Components

2.6.3.1 Incinerator Plant

An opened but roofed pad area will accommodate for combustion / incineration process block.

Components of the incinerator plant are summarised below:

2.6.3.1.1 Waste Feeding System

Automated with minimum manual intervention. Skip hoist system comprises of:

a) A hydraulically operated automatic skip hoist mechanism

Working pressure hydraulics: 100 barG

Hydraulic oil: ARO ISO 46

Max lifting weight (net): 250 Kg

b) A hydraulically operated automatic skip tilting mechanism

Working pressure hydraulics: 100 barG


Max tilting weight (net): 250 kg

A bin holding structure: For standard 850 l or 240 l Euro bins

c) A weighing unit

Maximum load: 1000 kg

Precision: 1 kg







Plate 1: Skip Hoist Mechanism

Plate 2: Skip Tilting Mechanism

Plate 3: Bin Weighing Unit

2.6.3.1.2 Primary Combustion – Feeding Ram System

Features of the feeding ram system:

Feed hopper height is 5 meters, from where the waste is introduced.

Suitable level indication/switches are incorporated.

Suitable weight monitoring system is incorporated.

The bottom of the hopper that feeds to the incinerator has interlocks to protect the hopper from the

high temperature in the incinerator.

The bottom of the hopper is designed sufficiently strong to receive impact from the waste dropping

and not bend over time.

Dumping the waste from the feed hopper to the incinerator is monitored by the interlock system, so

that the incinerator is not overloaded or running without feed.







Feeding ram design is trouble free and very versatile.

A scraper will be installed to prevent waste from adhering onto the ram.

The ram has improved stiffeners to prevent it from bending over time.

Cooling water injection is foreseen in the feeding area.

The primary combustion comprises of:

a) A Feed Hopper

Pneumatic cylinder working pressure: 8 barG

Power supply: 24VDC

Length: 1500 mm

Width: 1500 mm

Height: 2000 mm

Mild steel thickness: 10 mm

b) A Hydraulic Ram

Working pressure: 100 barG

Length: 1250 mm

Width: 1000 mm

Height: 500 mm

Mild steel thickness: 16 mm

c) A Guillotine Door

Working pressure pneumatic cylinder: 8 barG

Grease type door tracks: graphite or copper powder based

Insulation: refractory lined with concrete

Mild steel: 6 - 10 mm

Length: 250 mm

Width: 1500 mm

Height: 2100 mm

Refractory steel back plate: Included







Plate 4: Feeding Hopper

Plate 5: Guillotine Door

Plate 6: Hydraulic Ram

2.6.3.1.3 Primary Combustion – Incinerator

Features of the incinerator:

The incinerator is equipped with a diesel oil burner, which will start automatically when the

temperature in the kiln drops below a preset value.

There is a robust and foolproof ash collection system for the incinerator. No ash/ partially burned

waste shall be dropping from any part of the incinerator.

A liquid injection system for the liquid waste is included.

The incinerator comprises:

a) A Stationary Part

A stationary part that links the feed system to the rotary kiln and serving as a flue gas collector

between the kiln and the post combustion chamber (mild steel sheet of 6 - 8 mm and is lined with an

85 % alumina containing refractory concrete). The improved version includes the modification of the

voute above the feeding mouth and the addition of a liquid waste injection system.







Plate 7: Stationary Part

b) A Counter Current Rotary Kiln

The rotary kiln, which is a cylindrical combustion chamber in 10 mm mild steel sheet lined with 200

mm of refractory concrete containing 85 % alumina. The refractory lined ash extraction flights at the

rear of the kiln have been redesigned. Refractory lining made of high alumina (85%) high density

castable materials. The kiln now has a VSD motor control with integrated management of motor

parameters. This way, automatic action can be taken in case of increased kiln friction.

Table 2: Counter Current Rotary Kiln Specification

Type BIR 375

External diameter 2000 mm

Internal diameter 1600 mm

Length 4650 mm

Volume 12 m3

Thermal capacity 3,75 Gcal/Hr

Design CV of waste 2000 - 10.000 kcal/kg (8372 - 41860 kJ/kg)

Residual organic carbon content of bottom ash

2 % maximum

Operating temperature 900 °C to 1000 °C

Rotary speed 1.5 rev/min (max.)








Plate 8: Rotary Kiln

Plate 9: Rotary Motor

c) Kiln rotation CW/CCW

Power: 2x2.2 Kw

Tension: 3 x 400/50Hz + N

Rotational speed outgoing shaft: 1.5 rpm

Control: by VSD

d) A Cylindrical Section With Reduced Diameter For Ash Evacuation

Refractory lining made of high alumina (85%) high density castable materials. Refractory steel (AISI

310) flame deflector for the burner flame will be installed.

External diameter: 1100 mm

Internal diameter: 900 mm

Length: 850 mm

Volume: 0.7 m3

Plate 10: Reduced Cylindrical Section for Ash Evacuation

e) A Supporting Frame

Comprises of four supporting wheels and one trust wheel on self-lubricating bearing and a motor

redactor.







Plate 11: Supporting Frame

f) A Burner

Burner with thermal power rating of 90 kW and requires 3 x 400/50Hz + N power supply.

Plate 12: Burner

g) A De-Ashing Chamber

Features of the de-ashing system:

The bottom ash bin replacement system is manually done for optimum reliability. The bins for ash

collection cannot be equipped with level sensors because of the presence of the burner flame. A

timer system is also not reliable to monitor the levels. These principles also apply to the de-

ashing system for the fly ash.

2.6.3.1.4 Secondary Combustion (Post Combustion)

Features of post combustion chamber:

Fuel/Air ratio is on auto-control

Fuel flow is measured and recorded

Lo, Lo-Lo, Hi and Hi-Hi temperature alarms are included

High temperature and low temperature trips are incorporated.

For the post combustion chamber, burner flame failure signal will trip the incinerator







The post combustion zone comprises of:

a) The upper part of the Stationary Zone

Plate 13: Post Combustion – Upper Part of Stationary

b) Two vertical cylindrical chambers

Table 3: Two Vertical Cylindrical Chambers Specification

Type BIR 375

Length 6000 mm

Width 1500 mm

Height -

Steel mild steel sheet 6 mm

Insulation lined with 150 mm refractory concrete 85 % alumina content

Inspection Inspection doors at bottom and top


c) A Retractable Burner

The retracting mechanism is actuated by one single horizontal compressed air cylinder, protected

from radiant heat.

Table 4: Retractable Burner Specification

Type BIR 375

Thermal power rating 90 Kw

Power supply 3 x 400/50Hz + N

Working pressure pneumatic cylinder

8 barG








Plate 14: Post Combustion – Retractable Burner

2.6.3.1.5 Flue Gas Pre-Cooling

A flue gas pre-cooling system consists of a flue gas inlet flange fitted with a butterfly valve operated by a

servo motor. Purpose is to reduce the temperature at the heat exchanger inlet below fusion point of the

particulates to avoid slagging. This system is to prevent any risk of corrosion.

Table 5: Flue Gas Pre-Cooling System Specification

Type BIR 375

Maximum inlet temperature 1200 °C

Exit temperature 800 °C

Maximum flow rate 8000 Nm3/h


Plate 15: Flue Gas Pre-Cooling System

2.6.3.1.5.1 A Flue Gas to Thermal Oil Heat Exchanger

Features of the Flue gas heat exchanger:

The heat exchanger is designed to be trouble-free

Online back blowing facility by ultrasonic soot blowers are foreseen to blow off accumulated soot and

dust







Vertical dual pass water (thermal fluid) tube heat exchanger has been designed for easy access and

maintenance. Large inspection doors at the inlet, as well as at the outlet of the exchanger allow easy

and quick access to the pipe bundles and allow quick cleaning by means of a vacuum cleaner

Automatic evacuation of fly ash by rotary valve into a removable steel bin with quick couplings

Table 6: Flue Gas to Thermal Oil Heat Exchanger Specification

Type BIR 375

Design inlet temperature 850 °C

Exit temperature 200 °C

Maximum flue gas flow rate 11000 Nm3/h


Plate 16: Thermal Oil Heat Exchanger

2.6.3.1.5.2 A Thermal Oil Pump Skid

Highlighted features of new thermal oil system

The Thermal Oil system is designed for the full automation

Low oil flow will trigger the stand by pump

Oil return Hi-Hi temperature will trigger incinerator trip

The system mainly features two identical circulation pumps, one main and one back-up with auto switch-

over with their respective shut off valves.

Table 7: Thermal Oil Pump Skid

Type BIR 375

Electrical supply 3 x 400 V/ 50Hz + N

Pressure 2.0 bar

Flow rate 80 m3/h








The system features a thermal filling pump and filling shut-off valves. Each pump can be separately

drained into a closed-loop drain system for spill-free and safe maintenance. The system also includes a

3-way control valve for temperature control and a safety by-pass valve.

Plate 17: Thermal Oil Pump Skid

2.6.3.1.6 Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) Storing and Injection by Loss-in-Weight

Features of chemical dosing system:

Dosing chemical flow with feed rate adjustable according to the quantity and quality of flue gas

Dosing chemical flow indication by loss-in-weight feed back

No/Low sensors give alarm to warn operators

The dosing system is designed to prevent clogging of bicarbonate powder

Replacement of bags is done at floor level

FIBC’s are attached to an easy to handle and easy to install solid steel frame

The system has maximum mass flowrate of 25 kg/h and requires 3 x 400 V/ 50Hz + N of electricity

supply.

The advantage of using Bicarbonate instead of lime, is that the neutralising reaction time is much (5x)

shorter and the reaction itself nearly stoichiometric. This results in using less reactant and a more

complete reaction and a nearly null emission of acids to the atmosphere. Further, using less reactant,

means less fly ashes to be evacuated.







Plate 18: Sodium Bicarbonate Storing and Injection

Plate 19: Activated Carbon Storing and Injection

2.6.3.1.7 Activated Carbon Storing and Injection by Loss-in-Weight

Features of chemical dosing system (similar to the above):

Dosing chemical flow with feed rate adjustable according to the quantity and quality of flue gas

Dosing chemical flow indication by loss-in-weight feed back

No/Low sensors give alarm to warn operators

The dosing system shall be designed to prevent clogging of bicarbonate powder

The system has maximum mass flowrate of 25 kg/h and requires 3 x 400 V/ 50Hz + N of electricity supply.

2.6.3.1.8 Bag House Filter

Features of bag filter house/system:

Auto back blow system on timer basis and on differential pressure basis, whichever triggers first

Manual back blow facility, which will override the auto settings

Bag filter, comes along with maintenance platform

Fly ash is collected at the bottom of the hoppers and is evacuated automatically by rotary air locks

into sealed container with automatic lid







Table 8: Bag House Filter Specifications

Type BIR 375

Tension electrical supply 3 x 400 V/ 50Hz + N

Maximum air pressure 6 barG

Flow rate 30,000 m3/h

Design inlet temperature 200 °C

No. of sleeves 432

Material for sleeves Teflon needle felt

Removal of fly-ash By Rotary air locks


Plate 20: Bag House Filter

2.6.3.1.9 Exhaust Fan

Features of flue gas treatment system, in terms of emissions:

The flue gas treatment system is able to treat the flue gas to meet the emission standards

The exhaust fan speed is controlled by the negative pressure in the kiln.







Table 9: Exhaust Fan Specifications

Type BIR 375

Tension electrical supply 3 x 400 V/ 50Hz + N

Power rating 110 kW

Maximum inlet temperature 250 °C

Maximum gas flow rate 600 m3/min

Maximum rotation speed 1500 rpm


Plate 21: Exhaust Fan

2.6.3.1.10 Emission Monitoring Equipment

Highlighted features of emission monitoring equipment

The emission monitoring equipment includes continuous recording and online monitoring system

for all the gas elements, as specified by the incinerator emission standards stipulated by National

of Environment (NEA) Singapore

Alarms are activated to notify the plant operator when the pre-set values are exceeded. If the

emission further crosses the limits, then incinerator will be tripped

The emission monitoring enclosure is installed on the ground floor level, at the chimney base







Table 10: Emission Monitoring Equipment

Equipment Principle / Manufacturer

Extractive CO, CO2, SO2 analyser Principle of measurement: NDIR

Extractive NOx, O2 analyser Principle of measurement: CLD / Zirconia

HCL / HF analyser In-situ

Dust monitoring In-situ

SCADA The data of the monitoring system will be connected to and integrated with the plant PLC/PC. Process interlocks will not be implemented from the start but can be added easily at a later stage if required. The plant supervision PC will show and log all emission monitoring data continuously.

CAL gases The system has provisions for connection of the necessary CAL gas bottles.

Enclosure Weather-proof analyser system, cabinet construction based on 2.0 mm thickness galvanised plate with powder coated equipped with air condition unit and heating. Equipped with power distribution panel, lighting, switch and plug C/W cylinder rack.


2.6.3.1.11 Peripherals

a) A hydraulic pack

Working pressure: 100 barG

Volume of oil tank: 250 l


Power electric motor: 11 kW

Tension electrical supply: 3 x 400 VAC/50Hz + N

Plate 22: Hydraulic Pack

b) A chimney stack

The chimney is equipped with the necessary sampling ports and access platform. The

chimney is self-supporting and of mild steel.







Table 11: Chimney Stack Details

Type BIR 375

External diameter 1500/1350 mm

Height 21 m

Flow volume of flue gas 12000 Nm3/hr

Exit velocity of flue gas 9 m/s

Temperature of flue gas at inlet 160 °C


Plate 23: Chimney Stack

c) An air compressor assembly

Features of air compressor assembly:

Careful location of the unit (dust-free) and preventive, regular maintenance will render it

trouble-free

Maximum working pressure: 8 barG

Flow rate: 2.85 m3/min







Plate 24: Air Compressor Assembly

d) Emergency by-pass

Features of emergency by-pass:

Emergency bypass system for the bag house filter is fully automated

The bypass is a failsafe design (gravity opened) and is interlocked with the process

When the bypass valve is open, the incinerator is tripped

The bypass valve manual control is not allowed by law

The emergency by-pass consists of an automatic lid on top of the emergency dump stack at

the top of the post combustion. A guillotine-type shut-off valve to isolate the process

downstream.

Plate 25: Emergency By-pass

e) Fly ash evacuation system

A fly ash evacuation system comprises two dust hoppers, two rotary air locks and two easily

replaceable dust containers with semi-automatic lid.







Plate 26: Dust Hopper and Container

f) Liquids Injection Systems

The system consists of a volumetric injection pump (temperature controlled) and a

compressed air assisted injection nozzle. The flow rate is 500 l/h meanwhile the maximum

pressure is 8 barG.

Plate 27: Liquid Injection System

g) Safety valve (Diluting air inlet)

The safety valve consists of an automatic control valve for controlled air ingress after the heat

exchanger (set point 200 °C).







Plate 28: Safety Valve

h) A Plant Automation System

Highlighted features of plant automation system

The plant is fully automatic, safe and user-friendly in all circumstances

Motor Control Center (MCC) and Programmable Logic Controls (PLC) are housed in a

control room

All components are designed for the fail-safe conditions.

The plant automation system comprises of:

i. An MCC Power Switchboard - The switchboard houses all motor starters, variable speed drives

(VSD) and thermal overloads.

ii. A PLC Switchboard - The switchboard houses PLC and Ethernet modules.

Plate 29: MCC Power Switch

Plate 30: PLC Switch Board







iii. A Pulpit Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) PC for User Interfacing - The pulpit

is equipped with a desktop PC with the LCD screen behind a protective window. A back-up PC

runs in parallel in a control room/rack room to render the system fail safe.

Plate 31: Control Panel

Plate 32: PC Screen (Sample)

2.6.3.2 Truck and Bin Washing Area

Washing bay will be provided near the weighing area for truck/ bin washing and cleansing upon tipping of

waste and prior to leaving the centre. Waste water from the washing bay will be channelled to a new Industrial

Effluent Treatment System (IETS) for treatment prior discharge.

2.6.3.3 Industrial Effluent Treatment System

The incinerator does not produce any waste water from the incinerator processes. Sources of waste

water are from healthcare waste wheel bins and trucks washing activities. Wheel bins are used for

healthcare wastes collection in healthcare facilities and trucks are used as to transport the collected

healthcare wastes (inside the bins) from healthcare facilities to the Project site. Waste water from the

washing activities are considered to have potential infection risk as the wheel bins and trucks are likely to

be exposed to the healthcare wastes. The amount of waste water is estimated about 1 to 2 m3/day. The

waste water will be channelled to a new Industrial Effluent Treatment System (IETS) that will be installed

within the Project site.

Details of the IETS system will be provided in the EIA report.

2.7 DESIGN CRITERIA OF THE INCINERATOR

2.7.1 Key Design Parameters

The plant is designed according to European Union standards. The key design aims to fulfil typical

regulatory requirements to date, with the key parameters being Destruction Efficiency (DRE%) of

99.9999%, minimum residence time of min. 2 seconds at 1,100 degrees Centigrade in the post

combustion. The Operating Standards are listed in Table 12.







Table 12: Incinerator Operating Standards

Item Specifications


Primary Combustion Chamber Temperature 850 °C minimum / 1,000 °C maximum

Secondary Combustion Chamber Temperature 1,100 °C minimum / 1,200 °C maximum

Residence Time Minimum 2 seconds

Minimum Oxygen Content 12%-13%

Air / Fuel Ratio 2.5


The other key parameter is the conformance to emission standards in Malaysia. The limits are in Table

13. The EU standard, which is the design standard used by BIC Systems Asia Pacific Pte Ltd is equally or

more stringent than Malaysian standard.

Table 13: Emission Standards –European Union and Malaysia

Parameter EU (Daily) EU (Hourly) EU ( 4- Hour) EU Summary

Malaysia*

mg/m3

Ash / Particulates 5 10 5 100

HF 1

HCl 5 10 5 40

CO 50 100 50 50

NOx 100 200 100 200

SOx 25 50 25 50

Cd 0.05 0.05 0.05

Hg 0.05 0.05 0.05

Pb - -

Heavy Metals 0.5

Dioxin / Furan 0.10 ng/m3 0.10 ng/m3 0.10 ng/m3

Total Organics 5 10 5 10

Note: Environmental Quality (Clean Air) Regulations 2015 (3rd Schedule Regulation 13, Item K: Waste Incinerator in All Sizes.


The design also considers the typical chemical composition of medical waste as shown in Table 14.







Table 14: Typical Medical Waste Chemical Composition

Element Mass % Mol/kg

C 74.80 0.062

H 7.00 0.070

N 1.00 0.001

S 1.000 0.000

Hg 0.00 0.000

Pb 0.000 0.000

Zn 0.000 0.000

0.000 0.000 0.000

Cl 1.00 0.000

F 0.10 0.000

Br 0.10 0.000

O 5.00 0.003

Ash 10.000 -

Total 100.00 -


Summary of design and operational particulars of the incinerator plant are as listed in Table

15. The plant is designed to operate at a capacity of 833 kg/hr where 20 MT/day of

healthcare wastes are expected to be treated.

Table 15: Summary of General Technical Characteristic of the Incinerator

Thermal Capacity 3,750,000 Kcal/hr (15,750 MJ/hr)

Throughput

833 kg/hr (20 MT/day)

(Based on the average calorific value of waste of 4500 kcal/kg (20 MJ/kg)

Design Life Span 20 years

Process Line 1

Operating Hours 24 hours per day, 7 days per week

Waste storage capacity 90 MT

Incinerator System Counter Current Rotary Kiln


Feeding Loading Skip hoist system

Start-up Duration 8 hours to automatically heat up to operating temperature (depending on atmospheric conditions)

Burn period 8 hours

Burn Cycle 8 cycles (160 kg per loading)







Residential time 2 – 3 seconds

Cool Down Period 24 hours

Auxiliary Fuel Diesel - 50 l/hr (for start-up only)

Air Pollution Control System

Heat Removal Heat exchanger: flue gas to thermal oil

Dioxin and Furan Control Continuous operation creating steady state conditions, ensuring complete combustion leading to complete destruction of dioxins and furans (dioxins can completely be eliminated with a residence time of 2 seconds at 1000°C and oxygen level of min 10% is thoroughly distributed)

Dosing of Activated Carbon to catch any remaining dioxin and furan

Acidic Gas Neutralizer Dosing of Sodium Bicarbonate

Dust Filtration Baghouse: 432 Teflon Felt bags

Parameter of CEMS Conformity with EC and Malaysian emission regulations

Ash Removal Daily

Utilities

Power supply 50 kW/hr (average)

Estimated waste / by product

Fly ash 25 kg/hr

Bottom ash 67 kg/hr

2.8 PROCESS DESCRIPTION

2.8.1 Handling of Healthcare Wastes at Source (On-Site Handling)

SW 403, SW 404, SW 409, SW410, SW 429 and SW 430 will be collected and transported from the

respective hospitals and laboratory to the Project site using dedicated trucks. Healthcare wastes

characteristics are listed in Table 16. Clinical wastes analysis are listed in Table 17 and Table 18.







Table 16: Healthcare Wastes Characteristics

Material Percentage

P.V.C 3%

Pathological 5%

Plastic other than P.V.C 33%

Paper including waxed paper 30%

Hospital dressing, swab, etc. 10%

Non-combustible including glass, metal, etc. 10%

Obsolete laboratories chemical 5%

Miscellaneous (including flowers, rags, etc.) 5%


Table 17: Proximate Analysis of Clinical Waste

Analysis Range (%) Average (%)

Moisture content 16.9 - 28 21

Ash Content 1.6 - 4.7 3.1

Volatile matter 66.1 - 77.2 72.2

Fixed Carbon 1.2 - 4.3 3.2


Table 18: Ultimate Analysis of Clinical Waste

Component Weight Percentage (%)

Carbon 51.83

Hydrogen 8.63

Oxygen 35.53

Nitrogen 0.17

Sulphur 0.10

Chlorine 0.64

Ash 3.1


Collection and storage of healthcare wastes in CWMS is one of MSB’s responsibilities as the Concession Company. As such, relevant products (i.e. receptacles, plastic bags and on-site

containers) are to be supplied to the hospitals or establishments to contain healthcare wastes.

Segregation of the healthcare wastes is done by MOH’s staff in accordance to Management of Clinical and Related Wastes in Hospital and Health Care Establishments (1993) and Project Operations

Guidelines on Clinical Wastes Management Services (2009) released by the MOH.







Healthcare wastes that have been segregated are stored in dedicated containers/ plastic bags before

being sealed and labelled. Once the plastic bags or sharp containers are sealed, it is strictly

prohibited to break the seal. They are handled with care to prevent accidental tears or breaks until the

incineration process, as it may cause health and environmental hazards.

Table 19 presents types of products approved by the MOH to be used for containment of CW

generated at source.

Table 19: Approved Products Used for CWMS

Purpose Products Used

Segregation of sharps and syringes

Yellow-coloured triple-lock container (20L, 10L, 5L and 2.5L)

Segregation of non-sharps clinical wastes

Yellow-coloured plastic bags

Holding of non-sharps clinical wastes

Yellow-coloured flip top storage bin (30L and 45L)

Sealing and tagging of plastic bags during collection

Bag lock seal

For collection and transportation of clinical waste

Yellow-coloured wheeled bin (240L)

Plastic bags and sharp containers are then transported in wheeled bins to the hospital’s central storage for collection by MSB staff. Collection of healthcare wastes shall be done daily or as

frequently as circumstances demand. Authorised representative of the MOH and MSB staff weight the







healthcare wastes and record the quantities and weights. During the collection of the wheeled bins

containing healthcare wastes, MSB staff shall provide adequate supply of plastic bags, sharp

containers and cleaned receptacles for the collection and on-site storage. Consignment notes are

completed for each collection. Both the MOH’s staff and MSB staff are well-trained and equipped with

personal protective equipment (PPE) during the handling process.

This Project will accommodate healthcare wastes generated from government hospitals and laboratory

in Negeri Sembilan, Melaka and Johor. Estimated quantities of healthcare wastes to be collected and

treated at the Project site are listed in Table 20.

Table 20: Healthcare Wastes Collection from Waste Generators

Source Estimated Load, 2018 (kg/month)

SW 404 SW 403 SW 429 SW 430 SW 409 SW 410

Hospital Tuanku Ja'afar Seremban, Negeri Sembilan

45,731 0 0 0 0 15

Hospital Melaka 63,435 0 0 51,189 0 15

Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Johor Bahru, Johor

52,485 0 0 0 0 20

Hospital Jelebu, Kuala Klawang, Negeri Sembilan

3,552 0 0 6,383 0 0

Hospital Alor Gajah, Melaka 4,983 0 0 0 0 0

Hospital Enche' Besar Hajjah Kalsom, Kluang, Johor

20,444 0 0 0 0 5

Hospital Tuanku Ampuan Najihah, Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan

20,426 0 0 77 0 0

Hospital Sultanah Nora Ismail, Batu Pahat, Johor

24,818 0 0 0 0 5

Hospital Kota Tinggi, Kota Tinggi, Johor

7,033 0 0 0 0 0

Hospital Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan

5,803 0 0 0 0 0

Hospital Jasin, Melaka 4,044 66 0 3,484 0 0

Hospital Temenggong Seri Maharaja Tun Ibrahim, Kulai, Johor

4,984 0 0 0 0 0

Hospital Tampin, Negeri Sembilan

3,570 364 0 0 0 0

Hospital Pakar Sultanah Fatimah, Muar, Johor

22,061 0 5,072 0 0 5







Source Estimated Load, 2018 (kg/month)

SW 404 SW 403 SW 429 SW 430 SW 409 SW 410

Hospital Mersing, Johor 3,001 0 0 0 0 0

Hospital Segamat, Johor 12,915 0 0 0 0 0

Hospital Pontian, Johor 4,530 0 0 0 0 0

Hospital Tangkak, Johor 2,391 0 0 0 0 0

Hospital Permai, Johor Bahru, Johor

7,044 0 0 0 0 0

Makmal Kesihatan Awam Johor Bahru, Tampoi, Johor Bahru

630 0 0 0 20 20

Hospital Sultan Ismail, Johor Bahru, Johor

38,998 0 0 0 0 15

Hospital Jempol, Negeri Sembilan

2,979 31 0 28 0 0

Total 355,857 461 5,702 61,161 20 100


2.8.1.1 Transportation of Healthcare Wastes to Project Site

Six dedicated trucks are allocated for transportation of the healthcare wastes. One of the truck has a

capacity of 16 MT meanwhile the remaining five trucks have a capacity of 18 MT each. It is estimated

that there will be one trip of delivery daily for each truck.

Transportation and collection of the healthcare wastes are daily and divided by 5 routes as follows:

i. Route 1: Plant – Hospital Pontian – Hospital Sultanah Aminah – Makmal Kesihatan Johor –Hospital Kulai – Plant.

ii. Route 2: Plant – Hospital Kluang – Hospital Kota Tinggi – Hospital Sultan Ismail – Hospital

Permai – Plant.

iii. Route 3: Plant – Hospital Mersing – Hospital Batu Pahat – Hospital Muar- Plant.

iv. Route 4: Plant – Hospital Port Dickson – Hospital Tampin – Hospital Alor Gajah – Hospital

Tangkak – Hospital Jasin – Hospital Segamat – Plant.

v. Route 5: Plant – Hospital Seremban – Hospital Jelebu – Hospital Jempol – Hospital Kuala

Pilah –Hospital Melaka – Plant.







2.8.2 Handling of Healthcare Wastes at Project Site (Off-site Handling)

Healthcare wastes received at the Project site will be weighed before further handling and treatment.

2.8.2.1 Incineration Process

Simplified schematic diagram for the overall processes proposed to be undertaken at the incinerator

plant is shown in Figure 5.



The healthcare wastes contained in standard 660 L or 240 L plastic waste bins is fed into the system

with a skip hoist system. The feeding process is automated with minimum manual intervention. In

exception of placing bins in position, the rest of the process including lifting, tilting, as well as lowering

the bins are fully automated.

The primary combustion train comprises a feeding hopper, a hydraulic ram that pushes the waste and

a guillotine (fire) door that opens only when waste is pushed into combustion chamber. The dumping

of the waste from the feeding hopper to the incinerator is monitored by interlock system, to eliminate

the possibility of overloading or under-loading of waste. The hydraulic ram will be scraped by guillotine

door so that no adhering of waste onto the feeding ram. Meanwhile, cooling air will be aspired through

the feeding area, to cool it down.

A stationary part links the feed system to the rotary kiln and serves as a solid hearth bed to start and

to preheat the freshly introduced waste. After being partly burnt, the solid waste enters a counter

current rotary kiln for further complete combustion. The cylindrical rotary kiln rotates clockwise or

counter-clockwise at a controllable speed, to ensure thorough and speedy combustion. A cylindrical

section at the rear end of the kiln serves as an ash evacuation portion. The entire rotary kiln is

supported by four supporting wheels and one trust wheel on self-lubricating bearings.

To raise the temperature at start-up, the incinerator is equipped with a diesel burner. The burner will

start firing automatically when the temperature inside the kiln drops below a pre-set value. There will

be a robust and fool proof ash collection system for the incinerator. The new design can ensure that







no ash nor partially burnt waste shall drops from any part of the incinerator. . In addition, replacement

of the bottom ash bin will be manually done for optimum reliability.

The secondary combustion, also known as post combustion chamber, starts at the upper part of the

stationary part, followed by an extension chamber equipped with and retractable burner.

2.8.2.2 Gas Cooling

After combustion, the flue gas will first enter a flue gas cooling system. The flue gas will be directed in

to a Flue Gas Thermal Oil (FGTO) heat exchanger. The vertical thermal heat exchanger enables easy

access and maintenance. The trouble-free design of the vertical FGTO heat exchanger is equipped

with ultrasonic soot blowers, in order to blow off accumulated fly-ash and soot. The newly designed

thermal oil system, fully automatically triggers the stand-by pump in case of low oil flow, where Hi-Hi

temperature will trigger plant trip (emergency by-pass).

2.8.2.3 Air Pollution Control System

Sodium Bicarbonate will be used for acidic gas neutralizer. The advantage of using Sodium

Bicarbonate instead of lime, is that the neutralising reaction time is much (5x) shorter and the reaction

itself nearly stoichiometric. Activated carbon will be used to catch any remaining for Dioxin and Furan

in the flue gases.

Sodium bicarbonate and activated carbon are stored and injected according to loss-in-weight. The

new chemical dosing design is such that it will dose the chemical flow with adjustable feeding rate

according to the quantity and quality of the flue gas. The dosing of chemical flow is by loss-in-weight

feedback. The operators will be notified by the No/Low sensor together with alarms. Moreover, the

dosing system is designed to prevent clogging of bicarbonate powder.

The flue gas then will enter the bag house filter to remove particulates and dust. A pulsating

compressed air system will blow-off the filtered dust from the filter bags and be triggered by differential

pressure across the bags. A large maintenance platform is installed at the top of the bag-house.

Rotary air locks will collect the fly-ash and the collected fly-ash drops by gravity into sealed containers

with automatic lid. The exhaust fan speed is controlled by the negative pressure in the kiln. The flue

gas treatment system is able to treat the flue gas to meet the emission standards.

2.8.2.4 Emission Monitoring

Emission monitoring equipment installed at the incinerator will comprise of in-situ CO, CO2, SO2

analysers which adopt NDIR measurement principle; extractive NOx, O2 analysers which adopt CLD /

Zirconia measurement Principle; in situ HCL/HF analysers and in-situ dust monitoring system. With

SCADA, the data of the monitoring system will be connected and integrated with the plant PLC/PC.

The plant supervision PC will show and log all emission monitoring data continuously. The compact

emission monitoring system is enclosed with a weather proof analyser cabinet, equipped with air

condition unit, power distribution panel, lighting, switch and plug C/W rack.

The emission monitoring equipment can continuously record and online monitor all gas components

that are specified by the Malaysian Authorities. Alarms are activated to notify when the present value

are exceeded. If the pre-set values are further exceeded, the incinerator will trip. The emission

monitoring enclosure will be installed on the ground floor level, at the chimney base.







2.8.2.5 Incinerator Plant Control System

The entire incinerator plant is automatically controlled by a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller). All

required instrumentation for the incineration system, the waste feed system, the rotary kiln, the post

combustion chamber, the flue gas treatment and scrubbing system, the fan controls and emergency

by-pass system are included. The incinerator controls include temperature controls, pressure controls,

excess air controls, all burner safeties and the necessary alarms/alert and data logging equipment.

2.8.2.6 Incinerator Plant Maintenance

a) Regular Maintenance

The Regular Maintenance is essential to ensure that the plant continuously operates at optimum level.

This generally involves the following:

Cleaning of the various parts of the plant (pumps, air compressor, pneumatic cylinders, etc.)

Greasing of various components (wheels, ram, guillotine doors, etc.)

Filling up oil for the various pneumatic systems

Various other checks for potential issues

b) Scheduled Maintenance

Every year (even two years depending on how the plant has been maintained), there will be need for a

major shutdown (Scheduled Maintenance). Amongst the key areas are the patching / repairs of

refractory, checks and servicing of the burners and cleaning up the heat exchanger.

2.8.2.7 Management of Bottom Ash and Fly Ash (SW 406)

Bottom ash will be generated 8% from the waste fed into the incinerator which is approximately 67

kg/hr. Bottom ash will be temporary stored inside first and second compartment of Scheduled Waste

Storage Area before being sent to Kualiti Alam for disposal at a secured landfill with frequency of three

times a month.

Meanwhile, it is estimated about 25 kg/hr of fly ash will be generated. Fly ash will be temporary stored

at the Scheduled Waste Storage Area and sent to Kualiti Alam Sdn Bhd for disposal twice a month.

Collection of both type of ashes will done by Kualiti Alam personnel.

2.8.2.8 Management of Fluff (SW 501)

During incinerator shutdown events, healthcare wastes at the Project site will be treated using the two

microwave machines available on-site. SW 501 which consist of fluff will be generated as residues

from the activity. Based on Clause No. 5.1 in the Jadual Pematuhan (ref. no. JPBT/KPLT/18/004989)

for the microwave operation, these residues (SW 501) shall be sent for disposal at a secured landfill,

within 24 hours or may be required to be treated by incineration process. However, since the

microwaves machines will only be in operation during incinerator shut down events, SW 501 will not

be able to be treated via incineration process at the Project site as the fluff need to be treated within

24 hours. Furthermore, MSB is not able to store the residue for long period i.e., during the incinerator







shutdown. MSB will arrange transportation to deliver the residue to a licensed premise, within 24

hours.

2.8.2.9 Healthcare Waste Storage

In the event that healthcare wastes could not be incinerated within 24 hours of reception, it will be

stored in a dedicated storage container/ refrigerator at temperature of between below 6˚C (cold storage). There are six storage containers available at the Project site. Total holding capacity is 90

MT.

2.8.2.10 Cleansing and Disinfection of Wheeled Bins and Trucks

Upon unloading of healthcare wastes at the reception area, the emptied wheeled bins will be

transferred to the washing bay area. Wheeled bins will be washed, sprayed with biodegradable

disinfectant solution and rinsed before being transferred to clean bin storage area. Trucks will also be

cleaned and disinfected before the next collection trip or usage. Clean wheeled bins will be returned

to the healthcare wastes generators (hospitals).

2.8.2.11 Incinerator Plant Balances

The incinerator plant’s mass balance is shown in Figure 6.

2.9 PROJECT DEVELOPMENT SCHEDULE

Upon getting EIA approval and other necessary approval, the development of the Project will take

about 12 months including testing and commissioning.

2.10 PROJECT ACTIVITIES

Development of the Project will involve the following activities:

Pre-Construction Stage

Construction Stage


Details of the activities involve during the stages are described in the following subsections.

2.10.1 Pre-Construction Stage

Pre-construction stage will include the appointment of consultants and surveyors. The activities during

this stage include project planning y and environmental assessment.

It is anticipated that the environmental risks range from no impact to low degree of significant impact

during this pre-construction stage.

B I/ Syste s A sia t a ifi t TE Ltd , B ukit B atok / ese t# - W / EDA ToweSi gapoe

pr i mMry combust i on Mi r secundMry combustion Mir dilution Mir HE l eMkge Mi r 1% MCR di l ut i on Mi r dr y scr ubber l eMkge Mi r bMg house l eMkge Mi r 2%ki l n RMst e i nput 3B130 Nm5/h 4BD04 Nm5/h 2B416 Nm5/h 107 0 Nm5/h E63b6E Nm5/h 23D Nm5/h

E 4BD00 kcMl/kg . kJ /kg °C °C °C °C °C °Cm 834 kg/h T/dMy , kJ /s , kJ /s , kJ /s , , kJ /s , kJ /s , kJ /sQ Nm5/h NMHCO3 AC

T 2D °C UR E A 40% in RMter E2 kg/h E kg/h POIIUTANT EMI SSI ON l i mi t UNI T

P 10132D PM 0b00 kg/hCMl kcMl/h % CMpB HCI 10 mg/Nm5BIR type . kJ /s mi xi ng dr y scr ubber bMg house HF 1 mg/Nm5

. kJ /s . kJ /s . kJ /s 3268 kW kJ /s S Ox (S O2) D0 mg/Nm58D0 °C 1100 °C E00 °C 200 °C 200 °C 1E0 °C 180 °C NOx (NO2) 200 mg/Nm5

. kJ /s 10127D PM 10122D PM 10122D PM EE7D0 PM EE2D0 PM EE0D0 PM E80D0 PM TOC (CH4) 10 mg/Nm5CO D0 mg/Nm5

. Nm5/h . Nm5/h . Nm5/h . Nm5/h . PCDD/PCDF (TE Q) 0b1 ng/Nm5

. Am5/h . Am5/h . Am5/h . Am5/h . PMrticulMte 10 mg/Nm5, vol% O2 , vol% O2 , vol% O2 , Cd+Th 0b0D mg/Nm5

Botttom Ash 22Db0E kg/h Hg 0b0D mg/Nm5PM S b+As+Pb+Cr+Co+Cu+Mn+Ni+V 0bD mg/Nm5

kJ /s kJ /s HCI 1428bD7 mg/Nm3 rMdi Mt i on l osses kg/h S MltsHF 14b2E mg/Nm3 kJ /sS ox (S O2) 2631bD8 mg/Nm3

Cuel gas 0 Nm5/h Cuel gas c1 Nm5/h Nox (NO2) 200b00 mg/Nm3 m3/ m2B mi n B ag dia B ag le gth B ag sufa e m2 required # B ags e uiedoil 0 kg/h oil c1 kg/h TOC (CH4) 10b00 mg/Nm3

e e gy 2 kJ /s e e gy c10 kJ /s CO D0b00 mg/Nm3 0b 8 , , ,PCDD/PCDF (TE Q) 0b10 ng/Nm3 0b 8 , , ,

AIIOWED MAXB

I NDI VI DUAI CONCB ( %)

EIEMENT cust omer PlMnt S izing KIIN PlMnt S izing S CC Pl Mnt Si zi ng mi xi ngPMrticulMte 1000b00 mg/Nm3

4b44 D m/s TMrget Velocity 10 m/s TMrget Velocity 13bD m/s TMrget Vel oci t y Cd+Th Db00 mg/Nm311b27 33 % MMx filling grMde , Am3/s GMs F loRrMte , Am3/s GMs Fl oRrMt e Hg 0b20 mg/Nm321b68 , Am3/s GMs F loRrMte , m2 Required surfMce AreM , m2 Requi red sur f Mce AreM S b+As+Pb+Cr+Co+Cu+Mn+Ni+V62bD0 mg/Nm31b00 , m2 Required surfMce AreM , m Required inside diMmeter , m Requi red i nsi de di Mmet er dry scrubber FAN Si zi ng Pl Mnt Si zi ng chi mney

ok 1 , m Required inside diMmeter 2 s TMrget R esidence time (kiln outlet to S CC outlet)0bD s Resi dence t i me 10 m/s TMrget Velocity 6300 PM AV Tot Ml Pressure i ncreMse327D PM NEED Tot Ml Pressure i ncreMse 10 m/s TMrget Vel oci t yok 0b01 , m2 0rqm °ry °qr c ross – sec tqon°l °re°, m Required chMmber lenght , m Iengt h Db30 Am3/s GMs F loRrMte , Am3/s GMs Fl oRrMt e , Am3/s GMs Fl oRrMt eok 1 , m2 Resulting chMmber shell surfMce , m2 The sur f Mce MreM of t he mi xi ng chMmber 0bD3 m2 R equired surfMce AreM 0b7D FMn ef f i ci ency0B71E~0B8 , m2 Requi red sur f Mce AreMok 0b0000 , m2 3ec ond °ry °qr c ross – sec tqon°l °re° 0b8220 m R equired inside diMmeter 0bE8 MechMni cMl ef f i ci ency , m Requi red i nsi de di Mmet er

ok 34b88 , m BIR 37D inside diMmeter , m BIR 37D inside diMmeter , m BIR 37D inside diMmeter 2 s Resi dence t i me , kW Requi red f Mn poRer , m BIR 37D inside diMmeter

ok 0 , m BIR 37D S CC chMmber lenght , m BIR 37D chMmber lenght , m requi red Iengt h , kW BIR 37D fMn poRerok 0 , m BIR 37D inside diMmeterok 24b72 , input from BIR plMnt selction sheet , m BIR 37D chMmber lengthok 0 PCI rMt ki l n/ t ot Ml , mMnuMl inputok 0 , input from pluiming sheetok 0 , fo ula cMlculMtion

, fo ula input from pluiming sheet + cMlculinput from CWI sheet

fo ula input from CWI sheet + cMlculinput from quench cMlc

,

.

. ,

kJ /s

Nm5/hAm5/h

.

. Nm5/hAm5/h

vol% O2

kJ /s

,

Cd+ThHg

S b+As+Pb+Cr+Co+Cu+Mn+Ni+V

MinerMl (loss Mt ignition),,

,PCDD/PCDF (TE Q)

SNOx

TOC (CH4)bA CO

,,,

bA

,F

HO

H2ONCl

,

BIR 37D C ounter C urrent 20 TPD = 834 kg/hr

RMst e i nput

rotMry kiln

kcMl/h

post combustion

rMdiMtion losses rMdiMtion losses

Ai r f Mct or e

COMBB AI R KI IN/ TOTAIH2O %m

Fl ue gMs comp

t her mMl f l ui d HE mi xi ng

vol% O2

Nm5/h

kJ /s°C

M EDIV EST B IR -M &E ala e -

MASS BALANCE

Figure 6








2.10.2 Construction Stage

Major activities during construction stage include:

Mobilisation of Workforce [Project Manager – 1, Project Supervisor –1, General Worker(local and

foreigner) – 15], Machineries and Construction Materials

Foundation works – soil improvement, piling

Civil and structure works – incinerator plant and IETS

Transportation of construction material and equipment

Mechanical and electrical works – installation of all process equipment, conveying systems and

environmental control systems

Testing and commissioning - No-load, load and performance tests

2.10.3 Operation and Maintenance Stage

During operational stage, the Project will be operated by the existing MSB operational team as follows:

Senior Manager -1

Plant Manager – 1

Engineer – 2

Technical Officer – 3

Technician (Shift Leader) – 3

Operator - 3

The organisation chart is shown as Figure 7.








Operation of the Project is largely automated and control via process control system. Main processes

in productions are described in Section 2.8.2 of this ESI. Other important activity during the operation

stage is transportation of healthcare wastes. The designated routes of are as listed in Section 2.8.1.

As mentioned in Section 2.8.2.6, regular maintenance which includes cleaning of various parts,

greasing of various components, filling up of pneumatic systems’ oil and various will be carried out according to schedule.

Scheduled maintenance which include patching / repairs of refractory, checks and servicing of the

burners and cleaning up the heat exchanger will be carried out yearly.







3 ALTERNATIVE CONSIDERATIONS

3.1 SITE OPTIONS

3.1.1 New Site Option

Sitting on a new site shall consume substantial cost for new land purchase, feasibility study and

construction of new facilities such as Cold storage, scheduled waste store, administration office and

Control Room.

A new group of workers will have to be trained in the management and operations of the new site.

Public concern on environmental issue which will bring sceptical reaction on the new installation of the

healthcare wastes treatment facility on the new site. However, the public will be more receptive on the

upgrading existing plant on condition that the facility complies with the standard emissions and do not

pose any hazards or environmental issues to the receptors staying area.

3.1.2 Existing Site Option

Other facilities such as the Cold Storage, Control Room, Scheduled Waste Store, Administration

Office and Workshop is already in place and ready for use immediately. Besides that, cost and time

shall be reduced significantly for this upgrading works as the work only focus on the incinerator plant

only.

Data pertaining to the baseline and existing environment in the surrounding area of the existing clinical

wastes incineration plant is well documented to assess any residual impacts of operating of the clinical

waste treatment facility.

The experienced workforce managing and operating the clinical wastes incineration plant can be

further utilized to manage the new plant.

Thus, based on the above, the use of the present site is a better option worthy of consideration rather

than the option for locating on a new site.

3.2 TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS

Waste incineration in rotary kiln is considered to be Best Available Technology (BAT) for medical and

hazardous waste treatment, because of continuous operation creating steady state conditions,

ensuring complete combustion leading to complete destruction of dioxins and furans. There are two

types of rotary kilns, named after the sense of solids- compared to gas flow in the kiln.







3.2.1 Counter Current Rotary Kiln



Flue gases flow in the opposite direction of the waste, against the inclination of the kiln. Solids move

by the rotary motion and by gravity from the high end to the low end of the kiln.

Primary Combustion air (cold ambient air) is introduced at the lower end of the kiln (at the de-ashing

zone) by aspiration (the whole system is under negative pressure). While flowing towards the feeding

area (front) of the kiln, the combustion air is preheated by flowing over the hot ash and its oxygen

content is gradually reduced by oxidation of the solids during its passage and as such becomes flue

gas. At the front of the kiln the off-flue gas contains little oxygen (max.6%) and is hot (1000 °C). By

controlling the amount of inflowing flue gases (simply by adjustment of the inlet damper), it is possible

to control the degree of oxidation of the solids and as a consequence to control the remaining oxygen

content in the flue gas. It is thus perfectly possible to operate under controlled starved air conditions

(pyrolysis). By correctly adjusting the primary air, it is thus perfectly possible to:

i. To operate under pyrolysis conditions

ii. To control the combustion temperature in the kiln. This is particularly interesting in the case the

solid waste residues tend to melt at certain temperatures. This feature is particularly interesting

for avoiding clogging (e.g. NaCl melts around 800°C) or for avoiding evaporation of (precious)

metals. By controlling correctly, the temperature in the kiln, there is no clogging at all.

iii. To produce more or less rich (pyrolysis) gas, to fuel the post combustion chamber, which

provides a perfect post combustion temperature control without any requirement of external fuel

Incoming solid waste is introduced in the front zone of the kiln and is exposed to the hot (pyrolysis)

flue gas which flows in counter current against the waste. The flue gas being poor in oxygen and high

in temperature, makes all the light fractions - which are present in the solid waste - to evaporate and to

be mixed with the rich gas exiting from the primary combustion (kiln). This highly flammable mixture is

mixed at its origin (right above the feeding zone of the kiln) with incoming post combustion air, where it

immediately starts the post combustion and where the temperature easily reaches 1250 °C (but can

be easily reduced) – without auxiliary fuelling.







The bottom ash is evacuated from the primary rotary chamber through a cylindrical section with a

reduced diameter compared to the kiln. As a consequence, the height of the ash in the kiln is

permanently maintained to about 1/3 of the diameter of the kiln.

Only after the combustion of solids is complete (after sufficient residence time), the ash is gradually

scooped out (by refractory lined scoops), from the kiln into the narrowed cylindrical section, in which it

is exposed to incoming primary combustion air to cool it down before dropping directly into the ash

container. As a consequence, the bottom ash is perfectly burnt out (less than 2% residual organic

carbon) and comes out cool and dry. Because combustion air flows in by suction at the exit location of

the bottom ash there is no need for a perfect (water) seal. (Any eventual air leakage will serve as

combustion air).

As it is described above, the post combustion being fuelled by a rich gas (which is produced in the

primary chamber) the combustion temperature is equally distributed over the entire area, rather than in

one particular area (as it is the case in any other system, firing a supporting burner) Therefore, the

residence time of the flue gas in the post combustion area can be correctly calculated. This property is

most important for being able to control the destruction of Dioxins. Generally, dioxins can only be

completely eliminated if a residence time of 2 seconds at 1000 °C and if an oxygen level of minimum

10% is thoroughly respected everywhere. This is only possible in counter current kiln designed by the

Technology Provider.

Due to the complete destruction of all Dioxins and their components during passage through the post-

combustion, there is absolutely no risk of reformation and as a consequence, there is no need to

quench the flue gas after the post-combustion to prevent reformation. As such, the full heat content of

the flue gas can be recovered to produce steam and/or electric power.

Additional features are that this type of kiln ensures better turbulence and hence the kiln can be kept

short and compact. In order to achieve the same residence time for the solids, the rotation is slower

than in a co-current kiln and by correctly dosing the primary combustion air, the fly ash carry over can

be strongly reduced, compared to a co-current kiln.

3.2.2 Co-Current Rotary Kiln



Flue gases flow in the same direction of the waste, with the inclination of the kiln. Solids move by the

rotary motion and by gravity from the high end to the low end of the kiln.







Primary combustion air is blown in by a fan. The excess of combustion air is generally 100 % to 150

%. While flowing to the back of the kiln, the air heats up and becomes poor in oxygen due to the

complete combustion of all the solids – basically becoming flue gas - so that at the back of the kiln the

outflowing flue gases contain less oxygen (6 %) but are hot (900 °C -1000 °C) due to the complete

oxidation of all the waste components (solid and gaseous fraction).

Incoming waste (solids) is cold and follows the same flow direction as the incoming (cold) combustion

air. Depending on the CV of the waste, a make-up burner is required to start the incineration process.

At the back (bottom ash exit) of the kiln, the solids do not contain enough combustible matter

anymore, such that the flue gases flowing to the post combustion zone have to be re-heated from 900

°C -1000 °C to 1100 °C by a supporting burner.

Bottom ash is hot (1000 °C) and is not cooled down by the incoming combustion air as it is the case

with a counter-current kiln. Also, the oxygen – poor atmosphere cannot help to achieve a good

burnout. The high temperature in the ash evacuation zone (1000 °C) creates a high risk of slagging

and makes ash handling difficult (ash quench is required).

Additional features are that this type of kiln ensures little turbulence and hence the kiln must be longer.

To keep the combustion going, kiln rotation must be faster than in a counter-current kiln, leading to

more fly ash carry over.

Comparison of the operating conditions of a typical example of rotary kiln, counter current versus co-

current.

Counter Current Rotary Kiln Co-Current Rotary Kiln

Size Compact Bigger size

Amount of waste in 1000 kg/h 1000 kg/h

Waste inlet temperature 1000 °C 200 °C

Oxygen % at waste inlet 6 % 21 %

Waste residence time >2-4 h >2h

Bottom ash

Residual organic carbon in Ash <0.5 % >2-8 %

Temperature 200 °C 1000 °C

Mass reduction (%) <85 % >75 %

Post combustion additional support fuel consumption

0 kg/h >100 kg/h

Fly ash 750 mg/Nm3 1500 mg/Nm3








The Project Proponent has chosen the counter current rotary kiln as their preferred technology based on

the following key benefits:


The incinerator will be using counter-flow process which allow very minimum or even non consumption

of fuel during ideal operation. The fuel only consumed during start-up process which o takes less than

24 hours.


The incinerator has been well accepted with 55 units operating all around Europe, Africa, Middle East

and Asia. Main factor of this acceptance due to application of modern and highly efficient air pollutant

control system which treats the combustion effectively before being emitted to environment. The

system proven to be able to comply with stringent emission standard worldwide.




4 MAJOR ELEMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE VICINITY OF

PROJECT SITE AND STUDY BOUNDARIES

Details on major elements of the environment which consist of physical, biological and human

environment will be compiled based on baseline information to be collected from field investigations,

secondary sources and from the Project Proponent and/or his engineers, Technology Provider and other

consultants on the Project as well as consultation with relevant Government departments. Descriptions of

the major elements are required to provide the necessary baseline data for subsequent evaluation in the

impact assessments and for the formulation of environmental management measures and monitoring

programme.

Study zone for this Proposed Project is within 5 km radius from the Project facility.

4.1 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

4.1.1 Topography

The Project is located within an existing healthcare wastes centre which has been established since 1996.

The area is a ready site located within Kawasan Perindustrian Bukit Rambai, Phase 4C.

4.1.2 Geology and Soil

Geology and soil features at the Project site will be described based on secondary data and published

geology and soil maps. Based on initial reference made to Peta Geologi Semenanjung Malaysia Cetakan

ke-8, 1985, the geology condition of the Project site and its surrounding is Devonian geology which consist

of phyllite, schist and slate whereby there are limestone and sandstone are locally prominent, some

interbeds of conglomerate, chert and rare volcanic. Meanwhile based on the Generalised Soil Map of







Peninsular Malaysia 1970, the Project site is located on gley soils on marine clays (saline gley soils and

acid sulphate soils). (See Figure 10 and Figure 11).

4.1.3 Hydrology and Drainage

Based on reference made to the topography survey plan and site observation, there is no stream or river

on the Project site, however there is a river called Sg Ayer Salak that traverses further northwest to south

(about 1.4 km) from the project site before joining Sg Melaka and entering the Selat Melaka (see Figure

12).

There is an existing drainage system surrounding the Project site within the industrial area.

4.1.4 Meteorology and Climate

The meteorology of an area can be described by the wind pattern, rainfall amount, surface temperature

and relatively humidity measured at the area. The Project area experiences an equatorial type of climate

characterised by warm and humid weather all year round with intermittent rainfall. There are two distinct

monsoon seasons, the Northeast Monsoon (from November to March) and the Southwest Monsoon (from

May to September).

The Malaysian Meteorological Services (MMS) maintains a principal meteorological station at Melaka

(Latitude: 02° 16' N Longitude: 102° 15' E; Elevation: 8.5 m). Since this principal station is the nearest

meteorological station to the Project site, data from this station is used to describe and represent the

climatological conditions of the Project site.

4.1.5 Scope of Environmental Baseline Assessment

Environmental baseline data obtained prior to the implementation of the Project provides a benchmark for

formulating future environmental compliance limits or standards for the Project, during the construction

and operation stages respectively.

The following environmental assessment areas will be investigated as part of the environmental baseline

assessment for the EIA. Proposed baseline sampling locations are provided in Figure 13. Secondary data

will be sourced to complement baseline data collected where available.

4.1.5.1 Surface Water Quality

In order to gauge surface water quality within the Project area, baseline for water quality will be

established for in-situ testing and analysis of grab samples taken at the proposed water monitoring

locations as shown in Table 21 and Figure 13.

Surface water quality monitoring will be carried out twice (except for dioxin and furan) to represent dry and

wet weathers, where possible. Dioxin and furan will be conducted once–off at upstream and downstream

of the site as representative points for future comparison should there be any deposition of such pollutants

upon the operation of the new incinerator.

THAILAND

KEDAHPulauLangkawi

ALOR SETAR

PERLISKANGAR

PINANGPULAU

TOWN

KELANTAN

KOTA BHARU

TERENGGANU

PERAKTERENGGANU

IPOH

PAHANGKUANTAN

SELANGOR


SEREMBAN

NEGERI

MELAKAJOHOR

JOHORBAHRU

TiomanPulau

SINGAPURA

KUALA

GEORGE

SEMBILAN


LEGEND:

GEOLOGY

MAP

FIGURE 10

THAILAND

KEDAHPulauLangkawi

ALOR SETAR

PERLISKANGAR

PINANGPULAU

TOWN

KELANTAN

KOTA BHARU

TERENGGANU

PERAKTERENGGANU

IPOH

PAHANGKUANTAN

SELANGOR


SEREMBAN

NEGERI

MELAKAJOHOR

JOHORBAHRU

TiomanPulau

SINGAPURA

KUALA

GEORGE

SEMBILAN


LEGEND:

SOIL MAP

FIGURE 11

Sg

. Lere

h

Sg

. Ayer S

ala

k

Sg. M

ela

ka

Sg

. Mela

ka


HYDROLOGY MAP

LEGEND:

FIGURE 12


BASELINE SAMPLING

LOCATIONS

LEGEND:

A2/N4

A3

A4

W3

W2

W1

A1

N1

N2

N3

FIGURE 13







Table 21: Proposed Baseline Water Quality Locations


W1 2°16'47.6"N 102°10'50.3"E To represent the existing water quality at existing drain next to the storm water drain discharge point at the southeast boundary of Project site

W2 2°16'47.3"N 102°10'50.4"E To represent the existing water quality at existing drain next to the storm water drain discharge point at the west boundary of Project site

W3 2°16'00.9"N 102°10'37.6"E To represent the existing water quality of Sg Ayer Salak located further downstream of the Project site

Surface water parameters to be tested are listed in Table 22 and the tests shall be conducted by SAMM

accredited laboratory using appropriate APHA Standard Test Methods. Test results will be discussed in

the EIA report with comparison made with the National Water Quality Standards for Malaysia, where

relevant (Appendix 1).

Table 22: Proposed Water Quality Parameters


Temperature In-situ, APHA 2550 B

pH value In-situ, APHA 4500-H+B

Dissolved Oxygen (DO) In-situ, APHA 2500-O G

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) APHA 5210B & 4500-O G

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) APHA 5220 C

Total Suspended Solids (TSS) APHA 2540 D

Mercury APHA 3112 B

Cadmium, Lead, Copper, Zinc, Iron, Manganese, Nickel

APHA 3111 B

Total Chromium APHA 3125 B

Arsenic APHA 3114 B & C

Tin In-house Method 0502 based on APHA 3111 D

Boron APHA 4500-C B

Cyanide APHA 4500-CN C & D

Phenol APHA 5530 C

Free Chlorine In-situ, In-house Method 0501 base on Palintest Comparator

Sulphide APHA 4500 S2- F

Oil and grease APHA 5520 B

Turbidity (NTU) APHA 2130 B

Ammoniacal Nitrogen APHA 4500-NH3 C

Total Coliform Count APHA 9221 B








Faecal Coliform Count APHA 9221 E

Dioxin and furan US EPA Method 1613B

4.1.5.2 Ambient Air Quality

In order to gauge baseline ambient air quality within the Project site and at the identified sensitive

receptors, four sampling locations will be established as listed in Table 23 and shown in Figure 13.

Ambient air monitoring will be carried out twice (except for dioxin and furan) preferably to represent dry

weather and wet weather conditions.

Table 23: Proposed Baseline Ambient Air Quality Sampling Locations


A1 2°16'48.3"N 102° 10' 51.3"E To represent the ambient air quality at the north boundary of Project site.

A2 2°16'53.7"N 102°11'15.9"E To represent the ambient air quality at Taman Tg Minyak Utama (padang permainan facing main road) located northeast of Project site.

A3 2°16'36.6"N 102° 10' 25.5"E To represent the ambient air quality at Kg Ayer Salak located southwest of the Project site.

A4 2°15'47.0"N 102° 11' 3.2"E To represent the ambient air quality at Taman Rambai Jaya located south of Project site.

The test parameters and respective test methods for ambient air quality baseline are tabulated in Table

24. Test results obtained will be evaluated against the Malaysia Ambient Air Quality Standard and Arizona

Ambient Air Quality Standard (Appendix 3) and discussed in the EIA report.

Table 24: Proposed Test Parameters for Ambient Air Quality


PM2.5 High Volume Sampler

AS/NZS 3580.9.14.2013

PM10 High Volume Sampler

AS/NZS 3580.9.6.2003

Sulphur Oxides (as SOx) Air Sampling Pump

In House Method based on Methods of air sampling and analysis, 3rd Edition, Method 704 A

Nitrogen Oxides (as NOx) Air Sampling Pump

In House Method based on Methods of air sampling and analysis, 3rd Edition, Method 818A (sampling excluded)

CO In-situ using Dositube

HCl ID 174 SG

HF ID 110








Lead, Mercury, Cadmium, Chromium, Arsenic, Copper

Extracted from particulate matters filter paper

ICPMS

Dioxin and furan US EPA Method TO-9A

4.1.5.3 Ambient Noise Level

Existing ambient noise levels at the boundary of the Project site and identified sensitive receptor will be

described in terms of tenth and ninetieth percentiles (L10 and L90), equivalent continuous sound pressure

level (Leq), and minimum and maximum instantaneous levels (Lmin and Lmax). The existing ambient noise

levels will be monitored over 24 hours to represent 15 hours day time (7am to 10pm) and 9 hours night

time (10pm to 7am) conditions at the baseline locations shown in Figure 13.

A calibrated sound level meter will be used for the noise measurement. Baseline for ambient noise level

will be established at four proposed monitoring stations as listed in Table 25.

Table 25: Proposed Baseline Noise Measurement Locations


N1 2°16'48.1"N 102°10'51.9"E To represent the ambient noise level at the northeast boundary of the Project

N2 2°16'46.2"N 102°10'50.7"E To represent the ambient noise level at the west boundary of the Project site.

N3 2°16'44.7"N 102°10'52.9"E To represent the ambient noise level at the south boundary of the Project site.

N4 2°16'53.7"N 102°11'15.9"E To represent the noise level at Taman Tg Minyak Utama located northeast of Project site.

Measured results will be evaluated against the Planning Guidelines for Environmental Noise Limits and

Control (Appendix 4) and discussed in the EIA report.

4.2 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

The Project is located within an existing centre of healthcare waste treatment facility. The area is a ready

site with concrete pavement. The immediate surroundings of the Project site also have been cleared and

developed into industrial lots within the Kawasan Perindustrian Bukit Rambai, Fasa 4C. Therefore, there is

no flora and fauna of significant values are present at the area and its surroundings.

4.3 HUMAN ENVIRONMENT

4.3.1 Land Use

The land use component of the existing environment shall involve collation, review and analyses of both

primary and secondary data. An initial site visit was carried out to familiarize with the existing use of the

land of the Project site and its surrounding areas. The zone of study is 5 km radius from the Project site.







Existing Land Use within the Project Site

The Project is located within an existing centre of healthcare waste treatment facility owned by MSB. The

facility is located within Kawasan Perindustrian Bukit Rambai, Fasa 4C.

Plates 35 – 37 show some of existing on-site conditions.

Plate 33 Existing Project site condition

Plate 34: Location of former incinerator. The new incinerator will be placed here.







Plate 35: Existing Microwave Facilities

Existing Land Use within 5 km radius from Project Site

Existing land use within 5 km radius from the Project site is shown in Figure 14(a-d). The prominent land

uses within 5 km radius from the Project site are listed in Table 26. Additional site surveys will be

conducted to locate and map land uses and features within 5 km radius of the Project site and the land

use maps will be updated where necessary in the EIA report.

Based on reference made to Rancangan Tempatan Daerah Melaka Tengah 2003-2015, the Project site is

located in Blok 3.3.i – Blok Perancangan Kecil 3.3: Tanjung Minyak within Blok Perancangan (BP) 3:

Tangga Batu. BP 3 covers an area of 12,348.84 ha with BPK 3.3 covers an area of 3,516.70 ha. The

major land uses within BPK 3.3i are commercial, housing and Tanjung Minyak Indutsrial Area. Figure 15

illustrates the future land use of the Project site.







Table 26: Land Use within 3 km radius

Land Use Type

Distance from Project Site

Description

Industry

Up to 250 m Radius

Easy Power Sdn Bhd (south) STS Steven Trading Sdn Bhd (southeast)

HASRO Furniture Gallery Sdn Bhd (southwest)

Teras Puncak Sdn Bhd (southwest)

AZY (factory)(southwest) RONAS Niaga Enterprise (southwest)

FOMTEC Industries Sdn Bhd (southwest)

DRPTS Manufacturing Sdn Bhd (west)

Elegant Success Sdn Bhd (northwest)

MASRO Group of Companies (northwest)

Up to 500 m Radius

Kawasan Perindustrian Tanjung Minyak Perdana (northeast)

Fimmex Trading Sdn Bhd (southwest)

WINCO Precision Engineering (Melaka) Sdn Bhd (southwest)

Daiyan Marketing Sdn Bhd (southwest)

Grand Fortune Corporation Sdn Bhd (southwest)

Green Aim Oil Refinery (west)

Up to 1 km Radius

DIALOG (southwest) MASBRO Paya Rumput Sdn Bhd (south)

Shen Yong Design and Fabrication Sdn Bhd (southwest)

Protection Technology Sdn Bhd (southeast)

Jati Beringin Sdn Bhd (south)

MCTI Scientex Solar Sdn Bhd (southeast)

FETTA Auto Part Industries (M) Sdn Bhd (southeast)

Teng Long Industries (M) Sdn Bhd (southeast)

Industry

Up to 2 km Radius

Leong Hup Feedmill Sdn Bhd (southwest)

Fazlie Trading and Construction (southeast)

SunMetal Industries (M) Sdn Bhd (south)

Up to 3 km Radius

Pine & Hill Wood Products

Up to 5 km Radius

Imperial Steal Drum Manufactures Sdn Bhd (southwest)

TKR Manufacturing (M) Sdn Bhd (southwest)

Panasonic Appliances Foundry Malaysia Sdn Bhd (southwest)

Petronas Melaka Lube Blending Plant (southwest)

Depoh Petronas (southwest) Melaka Fuel and LPG Terminal (southwest)

Petronas Penapisan Kontra Pharma (M) Sdn Bhd







Land Use Type


Description

(Melaka) Sdn Bhd (southwest)

(southeast)

SWM Environment Sdn Bhd (southeast)

Likom Caseworks Sdn Bhd (southeast)

Settlement

Up to 1 km Radius

Taman Tanjung Minyak Perdana (northeast)

Up to 2 km Radius

Kg Ayer Salak (southwest) Taman Rambai Indah (southwest)


Bertam Ulu (east)

Taman Bertam Permai (northeast)

Kg Bertam Ulu (northeast)

Taman Bertam Impian (north)

Taman Bertam Setia (northeast)

Taman Rambai Utama (southeast)

Up to 3 km Radius

Kg Ayer Supai (northeast) Taman Seri Bertam (northwest)



Taman Malim Jaya (southwest)

Taman Tanjung Minyak Setia (southeast)

Taman Sri Rambai (southeast)

Tanjung Minyak (southeast)



Taman Cheng Perdana (southeast)

Taman Bertam Jaya (east)

Taman Paya Emas (northeast)

Taman Cheng Baru (southeast)

Up to 5 km Radius

Taman Paya Rumput Perdana (northeast)





Taman Cheng Utama (southeast)

Taman Cheng Ria (southeast)












Land Use Type


Description

Kg Pantai Kundur (southwest)

Kg Sg Udang (west)


Institution

Up to 2 km Radius

SK Bertam Hulu (northeast) St Mary Chinese Primary School (southwest)

Madrasah Al-Hikmah (northeast)

SJK(C) Bertam Ulu (northeast)

Up to 3 km Radius



SMK Tun Haji Abd Malek (southeast)

SK Tanjung Minyak (southeast)

Up to 5 km Radius




Public Amenities / Utilities

Up to 1 km Radius

Kuil Metto Amman (northwest)


PMU Bukit Rambai (southeast)

Up to 2 km Radius




Up to 3 km Radius



Up to 5 km Radius






10

1

2

4

5

6

7

3

8

9

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

21

19

20

22

23

24

25

2627

28

2930

31


LEGEND:

LAND USE WITHIN

500M RADIUS

500M Radius

250M Radius

FIGURE 14a

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14


LAND USE WITHIN

1KM RADIUS

500M Radius

1KM Radius

250M Radius

LEGEND:

FIGURE 14b

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12 13

14

15

1617

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

2930

31

33

32

35

34

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43


LAND USE WITHIN

3KM RADIUS

500M Radius

1KM Radius

2KM Radius

3KM Radius

LEGEND:

FIGURE 14c

1

2

34

5

67

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

1819

2120

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

3031

32

33

34

35

36 37

38

39 40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47


LAND USE WITHIN

5KM RADIUS

500M Radius

1KM Radius

2KM Radius

3KM Radius

4KM Radius

5KM Radius

LEGEND:

FIGURE 14d


FIGURE 15







5 OUTLINE OF PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAMME

5.1 REVIEW OF GUIDELINES AND ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATIONS

The EIA study and report shall be undertaken in accordance with the guidelines issued by the DOE and

other agencies. The list of guidelines is not exhaustive and subject to updates and new requirement by the

respective agencies. Nevertheless, the relevant list of guidelines includes:

Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines for Risk Assessment, December 2004.

Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines for Toxic and Hazardous Waste Treatment and

Disposal Projects, February 2000

Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines in Malaysia (2016) by DOE

Environmental Quality (Amendment) Act, 2012

Environmental Quality (Industrial Effluent) Regulations, 2009

Environmental Quality (Prescribed Activities) (Environmental Impact Assessment) Order 2015

Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations, 2005

Environmental Quality Act, 1974

Factory and Machinery Act (revised 1974)

Guidance Document for Addressing Soil Erosion and Sediment Control Aspects In The

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report (19 July 2016) by DOE

Guidance Document for the Preparation Of The Document On Land-Disturbing Pollution

Prevention and Mitigation Measures (LD-P2M2) (19 July 2016) by DOE

Guidance Document on Health Impact Assessment (HIA) in Environmental Impact Assessment

(EIA), June 2012

Occupational Safety and Health Act,1994

Environmental Quality (Clean Air) Regulations 2014

The Planning Guidelines for Environmental Noise Limits and Control, (2nd Edition, August 2007)

by DOE

Town and Country Planning Act, 1960







5.2 REVIEW OF PREVIOUSLY APPROVED EIA REPORTS OR STUDIES

Relevant reliable journals, articles, case studies, guidelines and secondary data (i.e. previous EIA Report

of the Project, baseline data, on-going monitoring reports, and safety records); will be reviewed to assist in

the further comprehension of the projected environmental impacts resultant from the Project. Some of the

references include:

Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Clinical Waste Incinerator Replacement

Project at Radicare (M) Sdn Bhd Plant in Lot 5, Jalan Waja 16, Teluk Panglima Garang, Daerah

Kuala Langat, Selangor (2018) prepared by Tri Ecoedge Sdn Bhd.

Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Clinical Waste Thermal Treatment

Facility in Sabah by Faber Medi-Serve Sdn. Bhd (2009) prepared by Chemsain Konsultant Sdn

Bhd.

5.3 ENGAGEMENT WITH RELEVANT AGENCIES AND LOCAL COMMUNITY

Government policies, legislation and regulations relevant to the proposal will be identified. Local plans

and policies will also be evaluated. Project characteristics will be analysed to ensure compliance with

these policies, legislation and regulations. Appropriate recommendations will be provided to ensure

regulatory compliance. Discussions and meetings may be carried out with various Government Agencies;

with Ministry of Health and Department of Environment being the two key agencies and other agencies

such as:

Department of Environment (DOE)

Ministry of Health (MOH)

Majlis Bandaraya Melaka Bersejarah

Any other relevant Government Agencies as and when necessary

It is intended that this consultation will be in the form of informal and formal discussions.

5.3.1 Socio-economic

The existing socio-economic information will cover the population of the district and residents living nearby

the zone of influence. An introduction of the socio economic information at the district where the Project is

located is necessary to allow an understanding of:

The strategic importance of having the project at the district and

The socio-economic background of the population in the district.

The source of the data will be collected from secondary demographic data from the Department of

Statistics publication on The 2010 Population and Housing Census of Malaysia.

The information on the socio-economic characteristics of the populations and economic activities

surrounding the project site include demographic characteristics such as on population and household

size, gender, race and age.







5.4 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION

As mentioned in section 2.3, Medivest is the Project Proponent that will undertake the Project

development. Chemsain Konsultant Sdn Bhd, the preparer of this ESI has been appointed by Medivest

Sdn Bhd to undertake the EIA study. Contact details of the company is as provided in section 1.1.

5.5 PROJECT TIMETABLE

As mentioned in section 2.9, upon getting EIA approval and other necessary approval, the development of

the Project will take about 12 months including testing and commissioning.

5.6 PROJECT ASSESSMENT TIMELINE

The proposed EIA timeline is as shown in Figure 16. This schedule may be revised accordingly as and

when new updates and significant information are received from the Contractor.

5.7 CONSIDERATION OF CONCURRENT PROJECTS

Based on initial site survey, there is no concurrent projects adjacent to the Project site. Therefore, no

cumulative impacts to the surrounding areas is anticipated.





CK/EV803/8026/18 ESI Revision No.: 0 Revision Date: July 2018

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48

Appointment

Information from Client

Site Survey and Land Use


Agencies on TOR (DOE and Ministry of Health)

Preparation of TOR

TOR to Client and Review

Submission of TOR to DOE

Review and Endorsement of TOR by DOE (TOR

Meeting)#

1st baseline sampling (air, water, noise), land

use survey (5 km)

2nd baseline sampling (air, water), land use

survey (5 km)


Agencies on fact finding / comment on the

Project

Data analyses and interpretation

Impact Assessment

EMP and Monitoring Programme

Public Dialogue

Report Compilation

Preparation and Submission of Draft EIA Report

to Client

Review of Draft DEIA Report by Client


Agencies to Inform of EIA Findings

Printing and Report QA & QC

Submission Final EIA report to DOE

EIA Report Display Public Review

EIA Approval Process (3 months) / EIA Meeting#

Activity








6 ENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVE AREAS

Based on initial desktop study, human settlements, schools and places of worship have been identified as

the environmental sensitive areas (ESA) which are located adjacent to the Project site. The ESAs are

listed in Table 27 below and shown in Figure 17.

Table 27: Environmental Sensitive Areas (ESA) - Settlement

Radius Area

Up to 1 km Radius Taman Tanjung Minyak Perdana (northeast)

Kuli Metto Amman (northwest)


Up to 2 km Radius Kg Ayer Salak (southwest) Taman Rambai Indah (southwest)


Bertam Ulu (east)

Taman Bertam Permai (northeast) Kg Bertam Ulu (northeast)

Taman Bertam Impian (north) Taman Bertam Setia (northeast)

Taman Rambai Utama (southeast) SK Bertam Ulu (northeast)

Madrasah Al-Hikmah (northeast) SJK(C) Bertam Ulu (northeast)




Up to 3 km Radius Kg Ayer Supai (northeast) Taman Seri Bertam (northwest)



Taman Malim Jaya (southwest) Taman Tanjung Minyak Setia (southeast)

Taman Sri Rambai (southeast) Tanjung Minyak (southeast)



Taman Cheng Perdana (southeast) Taman Bertam Jaya (east)

Taman Paya Emas (northeast) Taman Cheng Baru (southeast)



SMK Tun Haji Abd Malek (southeast) SK Tanjung Minyak (southeast)



Up to 5 km Radius Taman Paya Rumput Perdana (northeast)











Radius Area

Taman Cheng Utama (southeast) Taman Cheng Ria (southeast)






Kg Pantai Kundur (southwest) Kg Sg Udang (west)










7 POSSIBLE SIGNIFICANT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

A comprehensive assessment as to the potential environmental impacts which may be presented as a

result of the Project during construction and operation stages will be undertaken in relation to various

contexts, including that of natural environmental impact, human health impact, socio-economic and other

associated impacts. The significant environmental impacts which are anticipated due to the development

of the Project are as listed in Table 28.

Table 28: Anticipated Significant Environmental Impacts



Mobilisation of Workforce

Foundation works – soil improvement,

piling

Civil and structure works – incinerator

plant and IETS

Transportation of construction material

and equipment

Mechanical and electrical works –

installation of all process equipment,

conveying systems and environmental

control systems


Air quality impact

Noise impact


10

9

8

6

1

2

37

5

4

11

12

14

13

16

19

18

17

20

21

15

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

33

32

34

3539

43

44

45

46

42

47

37 38

36

40

41

48

49

5051

52

53

54

55

56

57 58

6059

61

62

63

64

65

66

67

6869

70

71


ENVIRONMENTAL

SENSITIVE AREA

LEGEND:

500M Radius

1KM Radius

2KM Radius

3KM Radius

5KM Radius

4KM Radius

FIGURE 17








Testing and commissioning - No-load,

load and performance tests


Transportation of healthcare wastes to

Project site

Operation of incinerator

Maintenance works

Trucks and bins washing

Potential accidental spillage


Safety hazard

Air quality

Noise impact

Health impact

Water quality

8 DESCRIPTION OF MODELLING TOOLS, ASSESSMENT

METHODOLOGIES

8.1 WATER QUALITY

The thermal treatment or incineration of the healthcare wastes is a dry process. The only possible

sources of wastewater are from the truck/ bin cleansing and disinfection activities. The potential scenarios

for water pollution will be assessed based on the evaluation of the projected wastewater discharge from

the washing bay area.




system.

Nonetheless, the assessment on water quality shall be further detailed out in the EIA. The evaluation of

impacts will be made against established standards and criteria made under the Environmental Quality

Act, 1974 and its subsidiary legislation as well as other international accepted criteria. Appropriate

mitigation measures shall be recommended to minimise the impact on water quality.

8.2 AIR QUALITY

Prediction of air quality impact during construction stage is due to fugitive dust and gases emissions from

vehicle exhausts and machineries. Potential air quality impact during construction stage is considered

low, temporary and insignificant.

During operation stage, air quality impact is one of the main environmental issues expected from the

operation of the proposed facility. The prediction of impacts due to air pollutants will be made for point

and fugitive dust emissions. Air pollutants are expected from, but not limited to the following sources:

Emissions of flue gases from combustion via the chimney

Handling of ash







Healthcare wastes incineration depending on the capacity, waste feed and combustion conditions of the

incineration facility, can emit the following pollutants into the atmosphere:

Particulate matter

Heavy metals (i.e. lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury)

Acid gases (HCl, SO2)

Oxides of nitrogen

Carbon monoxide

Organics (VOC, dioxin and furan)

Various other materials present in healthcare wastes, such as pathogens and cytotoxins. No radioactive

substances are expected as these are removed before the waste is incinerated.

Particulate matter is emitted as a result of incomplete combustion of organic matter and the entrainment of

non-combustible ash due to the turbulent movement of combustion gases. Particulate matter may contain

heavy metals, acids and trace organics. Acid gases like HCl and (SO2) in the exhaust gas are directly

related to the chlorine and sulphur content of the waste. Most of the chlorine are from polyvinyl chloride

(PVC) waste and other chlorinated compounds wherein during incineration are converted to HCl. Sulphur

is also chemically-bound within the waste materials and is oxidised during combustion to form SO2.

NOx is formed during combustion by i) oxidation of nitrogen chemically bound in waste and ii) reaction

between molecular nitrogen and oxygen in combustion air. As for CO, it is a product of incomplete

combustion.

Similarly, failure to achieve complete combustion of organic materials may result in emissions of a variety

of organic compounds such as methane, ethane and other high molecular weight organics (dioxins and

furans).

Based on assessment study requirements, the type of sources and outputs required, the model selected

for this assessment will be the USEPA AERMOD Model. In this particular assessment, a 10 km X 10 km

(5 km radius) Cartesian grid with 100 m spacing for the nearest 1 km receptors and 200m grid spacing for

receptors further than 1 km from the source is used for impact modelling. The surface weather and upper

air data used in the AERMOD modelling input will be from the nearest meteorological station. One year of

the latest hourly meteorological data consisting of wind speed, wind direction, temperature, stability and

mixing height available data will be used in the analysis.

All raw data used in the modelling will be appended in the EIA report.

Pollutants to be modelled and assessed are

i. PM10 ii. PM2.5 iii. NO2

iv. SO2 v. HCl vi. arsenic (as As)

vii. cadmium (as Cd) viii. lead (as Pb) ix. mercury (as Hg)

x. dioxin and furan







Results of the modelling will be assessed based upon other criteria generally accepted by the DOE for

ground level concentrations of air pollutants and also reputable and relevant international standards. The

type of air pollution control system used will also be addressed. Based on the result, recommendations to

minimise the impact to the surrounding land use or receptor will be formulated.

8.3 WASTE MANAGEMENT

Ash will be generated as waste from the proposed facility, namely bottom ash and fly ash. These ashes

are generated as result of combustion processes in the primary chamber, secondary chamber, dry

scrubber and bag filter. Proper handling of these ashes is fundamental to minimise any environmental

impact from the overall operation of the proposed facility.

Evaluation of the impacts from wastes generated will be made based on existing information on the

characteristics of the ash from other similar plant. Furthermore, this evaluation will involve the

consideration of proposed disposal methods and capacities of receiving licensed premises.

The other anticipated type of wastes includes the following:


Construction Stage

Scheduled Waste Disposed containers, bags or equipment contaminated with chemicals, pesticides, mineral oil or schedule wastes (SW409)

Construction area, workshop


Spent lubrication oil (SW 305)

Waste of inks, paints, pigments, lacquer, dye or varnish SW 417

Solid Waste Metal Scrap/ Construction material Stockpile on site


Scheduled Waste Ashes from scheduled waste incinerator (SW 406)

Incinerator

Spent lubrication oil (SW 305) Incinerator, workshop

Spent hydraulic oil (SW 306) Incinerator, workshop


Storage area


Storage area

Sludges containing one or several metals including chromium, copper, nickle, zinc, lead, cadmium, aluminium, tin, vanadium and beryllium (SW204)

IETS

Proposed management of wastes will be evaluated and documented in the EIA report.







8.4 HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT






It is anticipated that main environmental influences from the proposed Project will be the changes to

ambient air quality. The air pollutants that will be modelled for their health effects are:

i. PM10 ii. NO2 iii. SO2

iv. HCl v. arsenic (as As) vi. cadmium (as Cd)

vii. lead (as Pb) viii. mercury (as Hg) ix. dioxins and furans

A description of the existing public health status will be attempted. This will involve describing the present

health status of the population residing in the vicinity of the proposed Project. It will involve both primary

and secondary data collection. Primary data on community health status will be obtained through a health

questionnaire survey of the residents within the proposed project’s zone of impact. Secondary data on

disease morbidity will be requested from the nearest government hospital and health clinic to the

proposed project site.

To assess the public health risk of the proposed Project a health risk assessment (HRA) methodology will

be employed. The HRA will describe the public health impacts and risks on the population residing within

the zone of impact of the proposed Project during its construction and operational phases. It will employ

the health risk assessment (HRA) approach adopted in the Guidance Document which comprises the six

basic steps of issues identification, hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure

assessment, risk characterization and uncertainty analysis. Data input into the HRA process will be

sourced from the health survey, air quality modeling outputs, water quality modeling outputs, published

epidemiological studies on health effects of air and water pollutants, and exposure parameters database

from the US EPA or ATSDR. The specific areas which will be encompassed as part of this HIA will

include, but will not be limited to:

Assessment of public health risks (both acute and chronic) associated with the proposed emission of

air pollutants from the Project during testing and commissioning and full operation. Assessment and

impact projection will be in consideration of any other accumulating sources nearby the proposed

Project site;

Assessment of public health risks (both acute and chronic) associated with any other activities which

at this stage of the assessment are not foreseen.

Based on the outcomes of the HRA process, appropriate mitigation and control measures will be proposed

to minimize the environmental health impacts on the impacted community.

Residual environmental health impacts on the impacted community, if any, will be identified and

adequately described. A proper environmental monitoring and auditing program will be proposed for the

residual impacts identified, if necessary.







8.5 QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT

Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) is the application of methodology to produce a numerical

representation of the frequency and extent of a specified level of exposure or harm, to specified people or

the environment, due to the operation of the Project. The objectives of such assessment are:

To identify the major risk associated with the handling / storage of the hazardous substances at the

incinerator plant.

To determine hazards / risks due to possible accident scenarios which will lead to fire, explosion or

toxic release at the incinerator plant.

To recommend mitigating measures in order to reduce / minimise the risks / hazards to a level which

is as low as reasonably practicable.

The principal stages of this risk assessment are briefly described as follows:

Data Collection - Information is collected and documented covering the following areas:

Description: the layout of the plant and proposed process.

Surrounding environment: the topography, meteorology, population distribution, possible ignition

sources within or surrounding the proposed Project site.

Safety measures: the measures available to prevent and/or mitigate possible accidents.

Hazard Identification - All potential hazards resulting from the failures of handling and storage of the

hazardous substances are identified. The identification process uses a mixture of experience from

previous QRA’s.

Frequency Analysis - All event outcome frequencies will be calculated based on generic data of

failure rates / leak frequencies applicable for each relevant industry.

Consequence Modelling - The consequences of each event are determined by established

modelling programs such as CIRRUS. The consequences are expressed as distance to levels, which

can cause fatalities.

Risk Presentation - The frequencies and the consequences of each event are combined to produce

overall measures of risk.

Major Risk Contributors - The risk generated by each accident scenario is ranked in terms of

initiating source and consequence type (i.e. explosion, jet fire, pool fire, etc.).

In examining the operations of the Project, all potential hazards arising from the incinerator facility

equipment failure will be identified. For this purpose, information on the incinerator facility layout will be

used for the identification of hazards. The only hazardous substance stored on-site is the fuel for the

incinerator, i.e. diesel. The QRA shall focus on all scenarios relevant to the handling and storage of diesel

within the plant. The possible hazardous scenarios that shall be evaluated are pool fires and its possible

impact towards the surrounding.







The results shall be presented in a risk contour plot representing the overall risk arising from accidents

which could result in fatalities on-site and off-site. The final stage of this assessment is to compare the

public risk level arising from the operation of the incinerator plant with commonly acceptable risk levels.

Risk reduction measures and the effects of the mitigating measures will also be discussed to enhance the

safety of the plant.

8.6 NOISE

The major source of noise from the Project will arise from the operating machineries such as air

compressors, feed hopper, exhaust fan and other mechanical systems.

Noise impacts will be predicted based on the information of noise sources during the construction and

operation of the Project.

Noise levels at a distance from source will be predicted based on the approach that noise emanating from

a source will attenuate naturally as it propagates over free air. This is due to wave divergence, which

results in dissipation of sound energy. The attenuation of noise can be estimated based on information

related to sound power level of the source and the distance over which the sound travels.

Therefore, the propagation of a noise source measured at 1m away can be shown to behave to the

following formula:

(Point source)

(Line source)

Where,

L = Noise Level at d metres away from the source

L0 = Noise Level measured at 1 meter away from the source

d = Distance from the point source in meters

Mitigating measures and compliance noise limits will be proposed to minimise the predicted impacts.







9 POSSIBLE MITIGATION MEASURES


address the environmental impacts of this Project are listed in Table 29.

Table 29: Possible Mitigation Measures

No Project Stage Environmental Impacts Possible Mitigation Measures



Air quality impact

Noise impact

Waste generation and

management

Construction materials, oil storage area, etc.

should be stockpiled and located away from the

nearest waterway to minimize risk of water

pollution.

All chemicals, oil and fuels should be stored in a

designated and covered area onsite. These

areas should be provided with oil traps and also

bunded to prevent spillage.

No open burning of any materials on-site is

allowed.

Fuel burning equipment to be regularly

maintained and serviced to prevent the

emergence of dark smoke.

Piling works should be done in a proper manner

that will not cause black smoke, noise and

vibration problems using hydraulic piling or bore

piling methods or any other more

environmentally friendly methods. Piling works

are limited only from 8.00 am to 7.00 pm only.

All scheduled waste must be handled and

disposed off according to the Environmental

Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations 2005.


Potential accidental

spillage

Waste generation and

management

Safety hazard

Air quality

Noise impact

Health impact


Periodical impact monitoring of water quality, air

quality and noise level.

All workers should be adequately trained in

terms of appropriate use, handling and disposal

of chemicals and lubricants involved in the

operation of the facility.

Emergency response plan should be

implemented in case there is any chemical or oil

spillage.

Good housekeeping at site.

Prohibit discharge of untreated sewage.

No open burning of any materials on-site is

allowed.

Periodical impact monitoring of air quality at

Project boundary and identified sensitive

receptor.







No Project Stage Environmental Impacts Possible Mitigation Measures

Review and update the Emergency Response

Plan (ERP) for the operation of the Project.

Enforce safety procedures to ensure authorised

access only to the facility and further restrictions

are in place for limiting storage area access to

approved persons only.

Perform regular emergency response drills

(including desktop exercises), as well as

feedback and review sessions.

Conduct routine inspections of fire safety

requirements (fire blankets, fire extinguishers,

smoke detectors, sprinklers, emergency lighting

and fire-rated doors etc.

Installation of Continuous Emission Monitoring

System (CEMS) shall be conducted to monitor

the air emission parameters.

Installation of proper air pollution control

equipment.

All scheduled waste during maintenance works

must be handled and disposed off according to

the Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes)

Regulations 2005.

To provide appropriate designated and marked

storage areas for scheduled wastes.

For personnel stationed in identified high

temperature areas, rest periods away from high

temperature areas are to be scheduled when

high temperatures are encountered for

extended periods.

Establish periodical maintenance schedule for

all motorised machineries and equipment as

preventive measure to minimise emission of

loud noise. Attention shall be given to efficiency

of mufflers to reduce noise problems.

Enclosure or other type of acoustic measures

shall be applied on equipment which contribute

to noise levels higher than 85 dB (A).

Trucks and bins washing water to be treated in

IETS to comply with Standard B of the

Environmental Quality (Industrial Effluents)

Regulations 2009 prior discharge to public

drain.







10 CONTENTS OF THE EIA REPORT

The EIA report will contain the following:

A non-technical executive summary (In English and Bahasa Malaysia);

An introduction to the proposed Project;

Description of the proposed Project components and activities;

Description and details of the existing environment indicated in Section 3 of this ESI;

Documentations of impact assessments as indicated in Section 6 of this ESI and their significance

during construction and operational stages of the Project. Mitigation measures and environmental

management to enhance the environmental performance during construction and operational

stages of the Project;

Residual impacts and monitoring requirements (three types of monitoring, namely: Performance

monitoring (PM), compliance (CM), and impact monitoring (IM). Each type shall be detailed out in

the EIA report); and

Conclusion of the EIA study.

11 REFERENCES

Tri Ecoedge Sdn Bhd. (2018). Proposed Clinical Waste Incinerator Replacement Project at Radicare (M)

Sdn Bhd Plant in Lot 5, Jalan Waja 16, Teluk Panglima Garang, Daerah Kuala Langat, Selangor.

Chemsain Konsultant Sdn Bhd. (2009). Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed

Clinical Waste Thermal Treatment Facility in Sabah by Faber Medi-Serve Sdn. Bhd.

Department of Environment. (2016) Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines in Malaysia.

Department of Environment. (July 2016). Guidance Document for Preparing Terms of Reference (TOR).

Department of Environment. (June 2012). Guidance Document on Health Impact Assessment (HIA) in

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA).





Chemsain Konsultant Sdn Bhd App 1-1


APPENDIX 1

NATIONAL WATER QUALITY STANDARDS FOR

MALAYSIA






CK/EV803/8026/18 ESI Revision No.: 0 Revision Date: May 2018

NATIONAL WATER QUALITY STANDARDS FOR MALAYSIA

Classes

Parameters Unit I IIA IIB III IV V

Ammoniacal-N mg/l 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.9 2.7 >2.7

BOD mg/l 1 3 3 6 12 >12

COD mg/l 10 25 25 50 100 >100

DO mg/l 7 5-7 5-7 3-5 <3 <1

pH - 6.5-8.5 6-9 6-9 5-9 5-9 -

Colour TCU 15 150 150 - - -

Elec. Cond* S/cm 1000 1000 - - 6000 -

Floatables - N N N - - -

Odour - N N N - - -

Salinity % 0.5 1 - - 2 -

Taste - N N N - - -

Tot. Diss. Sol. mg/l 500 1000 - - 4000 -

Tot. Susp. Sol. mg/l 25 50 50 150 300 >300

Temperature °C - Normal + 2 °C

- Normal + 2 °C

- -

Turbidity NTU 5 50 50 - - -

F. Coliform** counts/ 100ml

10 100 400 5000 (20000)a

5000 (20000)a

-

Total Coliform counts/ 100ml

100 5000 5000 50000 50000 >50000

N = No visible floatable material / debris,

or No objectionable odour,

or No objectionable taste.

* = Related parameters, only one recommended for use

** = Geometric mean

a = Maximum not to be exceeded







Class

Parameter Unit I IIA / IIB III# IV V

Al mg/l

N

A

T

U

R

A

L

L

E

V

E

L

- (0.06) 0.5

L

E

V

E

L

S

A

B

O

V

E

IV

As mg/l 0.05 0.4 (0.05) 0.1

Ba mg/l 1 - -

Cd mg/l 0.01 0.01* (0.001) 0.01

Cr (IV) mg/l 0.05 1.4 (0.05) 0.1

Cr (III) mg/l - 2.5 -

Cu mg/l 0.02 - 0.2

Hardness mg/l 250 - -

Ca mg/l - - -

Mg mg/l - - -

Na mg/l - - 3 SAR

K mg/l - - -

Fe mg/l 1 1 1 (leaf) 5 (others)

Pb mg/l 0.05 0.02* (0.01) 5

Mn mg/l 0.1 0.1 0.2

Hg mg/l 0.001 0.004(0.0001) 0.002

Ni mg/l 0.05 0.9* 0.2

Se mg/l 0.01 0.25 (0.04) 0.02

Ag mg/l 0.05 0.0002 -

Sn mg/l - 0.004 -

U mg/l - - -

Zn mg/l 5 0.4* 2

B mg/l 1 (3.4) 0.8

Cl mg/l 200 - 80

Cl2 mg/l - (0.02) -

CN mg/l 0.02 0.06 (0.02) -

F mg/l 1.5 10 1

NO2 mg/l 0.4 0.4 (0.03) -

NO3 mg/l 7 - 5

P mg/l 0.2 0.1 -

Silica mg/l 50 - -

SO4 mg/l 250 - -

S mg/l 0.05 (0.001) -

CO2 mg/l - - -

Gross- Bq/l 0.1 - -

Gross- Bq/l 1 - -

Ra-226 Bq/l <0.1 - -

Sr-90 Bq/l <1 - -







Classes

Parameters Unit I IIA / IIB III@ IV V

CCE g/l N

A

T

L

E

V

O

R

A

B

S

E

N

T

500 - - -

MBAS/BAS g/l 500 5000 (200) - -

O & G (Mineral) g/l 40;N N - -

O & G (Emulsified Edible)

g/l 7000;N N - -

PCB g/l 0.1 6 (0.05) - -

Phenol g/l 10 - - -

Aldrin / Dieldrin g/l 0.02 0.2 (0.01) - -

BHC g/l 2 9 (0.1) - -

Chlordane g/l 0.08 2 (0.02) - -

t-DDT g/l 0.1 1 (0.01) - -

Endosulfan g/l 10 - - -

Heptachlor / Epoxide

g/l 0.05 0.9 (0.06) - -

Lindane g/l 2 3 (0.4) - -

2,4-D g/l 70 450 - -

2,4,5-T g/l 10 160 - -

2,4,5-TP g/l 4 850 - -

Paraquat g/l 10 1800 - -

Notes:

* = At hardness 50 mg/l CaCO3

# = Maximum (un-bracketed) and 24-hr average (bracketed) concentrations

N = Free from visible film sheen, discolouration and deposits

CLASS USES

I represent water body of excellent quality. Standards are set for the conservation of natural environment in its undisturbed state. Water bodies such as those in the national park areas, fountainheads, and in high land and undisturbed areas come under this category where strictly no discharge of any kind is permitted. Water bodies in this category meet the most stringent requirements for human health and aquatic life protection.

IIA/IIB represents water bodies of good quality. Most existing raw water supply sources come under this category. In practice, no body contact activity is allowed in this water for prevention of probable human pathogens. There is a need to introduce another class for water bodies not used for water supply but of similar quality which may be referred to as Class IIB. The determination of Class IIB standard is based on criteria for recreational use and protection of sensitive aquatic species.

III is defined with the primary objective of protecting common and moderately tolerant aquatic species of economic value. Water under this classification may be used for water supply with extensive / advance treatment. This class of water is also defined to suit livestock drinking needs.

IV defines water quality required for major agricultural irrigation activities which may not cover minor applications to sensitive crops.

V represents other waters which do not meet any of the above uses.







APPENDIX 2

MALAYSIA AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARD

(MAAQS) AND ARIZONA AMBIENT AIR QUALITY

STANDARD (AAAQS)







AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARD CONCENTRATION LIMIT

Table 1: Concentration Limit for Suspended Particulate 10 micrometre or less (PM10)

AVERAGE TIME UNIT EXISTING

GUIDELINES IT – 1 (2015) IT – 2 (2018) STANDARD

(2020)

1 YEAR μg/m3 50 50 45 40

24 HOURS μg/m3 150 150 120 100

Table 2: Concentration Limit for Suspended Particulate 2.5 micrometre or less (PM2.5)



(2020)

1 YEAR μg/m3 - 35 25 15

24 HOURS μg/m3 - 75 50 35

Table 3: Concentration Limit for Sulphur dioxide (SO2)



(2020)

1 HOUR μg/m3 350 350 300 250

24 HOURS μg/m3 105 105 90 80

Table 4: Concentration Limit for Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)



(2020)

1 HOUR μg/m3 320 320 300 280

24 HOURS μg/m3 75 75 75 70

Table 5: Concentration Limit for Ground Level Ozone (O3)



(2020)

1 HOUR μg/m3 200 200 200 180

8 HOURS μg/m3 120 120 120 100

Table 6: Concentration Limit for Carbon monoxide (CO)



(2020)

1 HOUR mg/m3 35 35 35 30

8 HOURS mg/m3 10 10 10 10

Note : IT – Interim Target

Source: Translated from “Had Kepekatan Standard Kualiti Udara Ambien” issued by Department of Environment Malaysia







APPENDIX 3

PLANNING GUIDELINES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL NOISE

LIMITS AND CONTROL







EXTRACTED FROM THE PLANNING GUIDELINES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL NOISE LIMITS AND CONTROL 2007, PUBLISHED BY THE DOE



















Date post:	09-May-2023
Category:	Documents
Upload:	khangminh22
View:	1 times
Download:	0 times

Appe di . . - Enviro Knowledge Center

Documents