. .

. .

ATOLU!UPON WHICH SIGNIFICANTNUCLF~ FALMXIT00UIDHAVE OCCURRED

FROM THE

PACIFICPROVINGGROUNDS

DURING

ATNOSPHERICTESTING

REST COPY AVAILABLE w

.’ .J. .

In Ught of~-devebpmmt=on BIKINLand Ems,mGK atol

;ra?entthat some considerationbe given to falloutfromthe Pac~.

?rOVin~ Groundswhich

period,of atmospheric

Falloutpatterns

may have been carriedto other-atollsduri]\,/’,,>.-/0..-)

are ver$ limited. However,holographsare known for nearlyall (

ccnductedin the Pacific. These holographsand availablefallou’

~v~ been ?~~ studiedto discernwhich eventsmay have had,

on iacificatolls. Thoseholographsand falloutpatternswhich:

,.~ have positiveindicationsor suggestsi@.fican

these atollsare indicated,as well as the sourceof suchinform

Due to the intensivefalloutfrom the CASTE IR4V0event on

azi 371213 atolls,some effortwas made in the past to investiga--=--.=.—-----:.....--..— --.—

radic%~tivedepositionon theseand a few other atollsin the fa

ihfmtunately, the utilityof the= investigationsis limiteddue----

visited,the nowpkdtive treatmentof the samples(grossgamm

and ot:hercrudeevaluations),and age of the survey. Only on

an: q{rfi~c~ atolls ~ve my recent studiesbeen undez%aken.‘O(l>.[.4,.CL /:iA -’.

, ,, ..., ,.,.-’

Salloutarea ~ A- ,hew been ignored. .W.

Ro

Th

Uti3izingvariousreports,falloutpatt~rnsand holographs,,. k. .tigatorhas evaluatedthe data ava:lable,realizingits Mnitati

thus the Mnitatlons of such a study;and sug~eststhat~ssible.

falku: has occurredon severalatollswhich cb.not-qpzn’+o-ha

in-;?stiga+~dpreviously. This fallout,or the holographssugges

With other pertinentinformationpresented

t is

he

g,i, &

r tists

he tests

tt!mnsnificant~.lout

llouton

IGEIAP

,he

t pattexm.#~&krffA04ccJ

tbAatolls

IOSSbets,

AP, BIKINI

!Stof the

LS hTeS-

, and

.—4.

/>~en

DOE ARCHIVE

g it, is

tabular

43

.

,

Fallmt Fatterns——~\%4iJ

The sourcedocuments(~ An the Referencesyrtio:

\

.,..: ~,.,-,, ,

indicatethe(&e/rate contoursfor the falloutpatterxshave

show the gamma(d rate in roent~ensper hour$three :eet a>c

in terms of the one hour after burst referencetin=. Eke t-14

was used when no actualdecay data was availableto ad~ust ra:

mints b the one hour referencetixe. It is importantto rect

“houris used as a referencetine,and that only the ccntours~

were completeat one hour afterburst.

son parts of the vast areas showndid

burst.

draft

t~~ re;c~~)

dr=~mto

he grounc?,

yroximation

on me2wre-

?theH+l

low@eld

llmt over

Where severalfallsutpatternswere availablei’c: G rwrti cularevent,

eack has been presented.

Holographs

The holographswere dra~m for a cons=nt ba~:un rise rate of 5$~

ftihr and are presentedbecauseother,more meaning5Q, ix-mm ationispresented

not available. Severalhodo.graphsare %sd>-ti fo: Lh.eH F..us timesinti=t~~

by the numberat the end of the arrow. This nurkez i~ in 1!21‘s ~o’~s”

It is recognizedthatfalloutdid not necessa.-iiy ~ollcw the hOdO~8~%

presentsdherein. However,a simle c=prisan of :~~~ ~~j?d~ ~%Vo hodo~a?h~

with the actualor r.odeledfalloutptterns kill sio-:‘2z z?rit of ~~~ir

consideration.

.

?L~IXGS” 9..\.Apa&eJhere are elevennucleartestswhichmay have dept.

radioactivematerialsin significantamounts greaterthan world wit

aut on severalof the PacificAtolls. These eventsand the atolls

nay have contaminatedare indicatedin tabularform in !?able1. Ai

ihe falloutpattern,if available,or severalholographsare indict9

.%gures_ through_, for each contaminating?event.~ For

reference,the habitationof the atollsunder discussionis indic

poplation figuresand remarks,where applicable,in Table2.1

4

draft

Lted

fall-

hey

itionaw,

ed in

mediate

d, With

It is pertinentto note that in additionto EN13JTfOK,BIKI , AILINGINAE,~

RCXG3UP, RONG3UK, BIK#3,?

TAKA,Ml! UTIFUK,and LIK12Patolls,w ch have

+

_-.=_....~qe-?nlookedat by othersat so~ time in the past, Sf3Veralother tA3~S aIW-. —____—..- . . -— ...-—— . .

indicated:AILUK,-J3M0,KWAJALEIN,LA3, MEJIT, TAONGI,UJA3, UJE G, WOTHO

XXX and ‘JOTJS.Sincethe utili~ of the studies~“on BXKAR,T KA, LI-KIEP1

1arcl possiblyAI-JNGI,NA3mad RONG5RIK,and UHRIK, is somewhat ted, these

4 .,-4 ..*:..’.nay also added tatheexceptioxisabove. ‘Ibiswould mean that, i luding>

the ‘sourcettatoUs of ENIW~OK and BIKINI,a totalof 19 atolls y have.

Ibesn contaminatedwith ’si~ficant)’amuntsof radioactivemateri 1s. Only

on t!!ree,END23TOK,BHINI and RONGEIAP,possiblyfour if UTIRIKlisincluded,. .

+is ‘thereany &efQ,@9e&@n@A radio~o~icaldata=

.

f

*cic3us– = ;-: : “~i;ce actualfalloutpatternsare lackingfor-%st of the x3tila&Fk4Rg-

-‘.‘events,an at~npt ws made t. weigh the potentialof each even i~wh”8’-

/]5f

manneras to make senge.~ the falloutpatternof the CAST .7BRAV0.:,.s.:●... DOEARCHIVES

-’--==$event is well known (actuallythereare thee different’fallout@tterns<(xlLi cll~J

~(u

available)this depositionpotentialwas normalizedtoh● ~L,@ r’s

/~r=a~r,ent &Qpresented in Table 3.

/

The potentialexpessed her is real&+ b~

a factor,or multiplier,of the CASTL3BRAVO fallout. It my b applied

sinpiy by takingthe CASTLE3RAV0 depositionat a distmce fro1the GZ4

.

draft

,---“,/ /.!+*/>‘-similarto the distancefrom GZ, along the hodograph,of th event 53+

qeestlm, andmultiplyingit by the ‘potential’lfactor. The result should

be a ‘lballpark’lestimateof what fallout-ma have”occuned at ‘he lccation

h cuestion. Obviously,thereis no clainto any precisioncr accuxaq -with

thismethod. It is only offeredas a cFe’mechanibmto est$ste ~ 3/

possible

d~~ositionin the absenceof actualdata. ~ - ‘q,

..

DC iRC HIVES

.. .

TAIUE 1. POSSIBLESIGNIFICANTNUCLEARFALUNT FROM PACIFICPROVINGGROUNDS,SUSPECTEDATOLJ.S*

EVFNT

S.4NM3TONEZEBRA @fl ‘j”

GREENHOUSEDOG y[s] T

GR3MHOUSE GEORGE@7 ~

IVY KING 11/5>t,

CA$STLEBRAVO 2/sy5

CAS’1’Il?UNION +}9{ e’

CASTLE YANKEE q’J-)/ ~“’

R~~,fING z(jNI r .Fj’<L <

REIWNG LtCtWSS’”’ 5/5% G

HARDTACKMAGNOLIA+% i

l{ARDTACt(MAPIX 943 d

A’1’OLL BIACK = POSITIVE RED = PO!-SIBL5

ENIWETOK, BIKINI, AILINGINAE,

ENIWEI!3K,VJ3HJJ!G ‘

ENIWETQK, BIKINI, AI LMGIKAE,

ENIk@TOK, UJELANG, * ‘/”

BIKINI, AILINGINAE, RONGEIAP,kGW.’ , Kl!AJ.PiLHN,i!()?J?

BIKINI, AIUNGINAE, RONGELAP,

BIKINI,AILXNGINAE,RONGEI.AP,

BIKINI, AILINGINAE, RONGELAP,

ENIMEXOK, BIKINI, AILING !ili\t’:,

ENIWETOK,UJELANG,+ ~

BIKINI,AILINGINAE,RCNCEIAP,

RONGELAP, RONGERIK, ‘IAKA, BIKfLR, UTiRI~K

RONG5LW, R(~NG’:3[K Y

RONGERIK, TAKA, BIKAR, AILUK, LIK13P, JEW, UTIRIK, K

RONGERIK, IAKA, BIKAR, TACNGI, UTIRIK’ /’

RONG~IK, BIKAR,1~(’N~;I/

RONOERM~

}~i’j~j[;E~j’, I{ lW~~tltlK, til hilt, TAOW1”’ K

.

{R(?!:CWIK, k.ol!i;, UJAS, LIK, KwAt.!ALEIN :

+1Ttltn hodolnvli4]indicated that tho fnl]out pntterncould hzwo oxtendodf;ol J thWt) :]t /l:: far nn Pomp omi othor nearby atollrI.

ug’

TABI.Z 2. HABITATION OF

1!$$!

I,.

ilt.

i

ATOLLSUNDER

ATOLLor ISIAND INHABITED B~NG R,EIN’HABITED UNINHABITED RmARKs(POP.) W.

A31XNG1NAE

AIL-UK (395)

BIKAR

BIKINI

EIWibXOK

JWO

KWAJALEIN (> 1000)

~~ (133)

LIKIF;P (662)

MEJIT (203)

x

19621

x

x

x

x

19732

19621

19621

19621

19621

Visited by Rongelapese

,,

RONGELAP (2o8)

~ SJ

TiJ!i x

x

visited by Utlrikeae \

TA(JNGI

(M6) 19621

I

TABLE 2. Continued1:

(

ATOLLor ISLAND INHABITED BEING REINHABIT!?IJ UNINHABITED REMARKS

(PoP.) yr.

UJEIANG (3ho) 19733

UTIRIK i319)19621

10THO (56)19621●

WGTJ3 (463)19621

I

.

1 , SAILINGDIRECTIONS~R THE PACIFICISLANDS,H. O. Pub. No. 82, Vol. I., U. S. NavalOceaaographlc. Change 4 Incorporated,~ Decemhr 1970.

2Henderson, JohnW., e&. ‘Q., AREA HANDBOOKFQR OCEANIASU. S. (30vernmmt Printing Office, Wa8hlngton,1971,

p. 503.3 TQb~n, J, A., THE ~~j~~ A~Q~Lp~op~, s~d31 ReportfOr the Radiologicals~ey of 1972-1973$‘a~wo~

20 April 1973,p. 10.*

TABLE 3..

--

d

. .

‘d-.. .

\

.“

. . . .

.’

---- - -

.-— ..-

..’

SANDSTONEZEBRA oe~cz

GRZEhWOUSE

GP3ENiiOUSE

IVY KING.-. ..

DOG C’.clo—..-____.-. .........._G3CRGE c.c2;

o.~kg. . _________ .. .

CASTLE 15RAV0 1.020

OASTLE UNION 0.720- --- -———--- ..-.-—. ——.

CASTLEYANKEE 1.05C

REIMING ZUN1 0.C7C--.—. . . -.-.-— ------— .—-. —.

REDWINGIACl12SS

HARDTACK,-.

MWTACK

M4GNOIZA. . -----

m.PLE

0.025

C.C07-- .—. - -.. — —.. —

0.C27

——. _ ..

--— - - .-

—.-. -

—.—- — .

- .. ...-

—.—.-=-. --- —>-= ------ -- .!2

c1=z2!0z

#

.-

-.

.

..___i,

—.-$

I

—-. !

1.—

I

I..—

I

-—

-—.

—1I1

~_—I

i—- ;

\

.— :

.—

!

. . .

.— -’*OEARCHIVE

.n

.. ‘Y*..,---- -— -- -

- (..

.,

,

.

I

● b.

.. . . .----- -.

.~.o. E

{

\ zo

. . .

.

o&-

------ ----

.

-change3 !265

.

—-—.-:_____------ ... . . . .. . . ___

—— --

c

●

(_

(“

●

--

%-..-

“ X.o.~RAp~lc IND=ATOLU~ ON kHICH SIGNI~CANT NUCLEARFALLLUICOU-LDHAVE 0?ACIFIC PEWINE GRCUNDS *

1 * 16r

1[I v w 144.

Ids’

.

MARIANA&ANDs

,OINILIA

II 1 ----

1[4.

6416

CAROLINE ISLANDS

—

$s44

mn.li

11

1J

7

MO.164.

L*

-0.m.

.0 Chartlimitsshownarcofthe bst emle chm~ isw$d w naval v@.vk byth~U.s.INumhrs rtifcr to the sectiol~in the text d-iting ● *W3N

CHA~ER 6, PART 1,GRAPHIC●

z-change 4 309

~ml) FROM THE

,le. II

\

14.

-i

II

OE ARCHIVES

. .,.

Q

x.-

INDEX

82-Chanm 4 265

“.,,”

p$goI●\\\\\\w

.

<--=----— G-. : ----- __ . ‘. -

—— .- - .,

C-..

#c.

c.3E

I ,I

“%—-1t

f+4 .—

.... .

1’ .

.-. -. —--- -“”’. . . .-q .

.,. . --. ...’

.

----- .-/. .

X.o.~

.-.,,*\-. ”

.

. .

-c...1

1

i;3

;

-.

“(:.,

.I;

1

.r. -:.

-.. .. . .

.-. . . -.

i------ -----

:Wnge 3 “ 265

.

●●

✎

✎

- ... -- .’.. ---. .. ..- ---... - -t-.-.: .:.. .. ---- ,’ ..

------ -’/4 .,

.

,~,c). 82-

.

.

-(”,!

. .

i

i

I

;. --”.--------- .-.

.

“-” -—-”-{ .--.—-- -..-”.

/

. . . .. . . ...-.=. . . . .. . ..- -

.

-m\..z

‘“

...-- —.-~=_ -o-_ -,. ----’k--

-—— -- -

. .

i

:.

1i

..8..

f’J..<, .

. ...

...

. -.

(

_.. ---- -

X*O.

. .-.. ! . . . . . . . . . . .

:. #. .. . . . . . .: :

. . . .“. ,

-...’. . . . . . .. .

.“.0

,.. . . . ., . ..-,.. .

#

. 1.....-.-..——---... .

2-Change 3 . 265 “

S7

.. .

● b.

. . ..-..~s.-~i..+

. .

. -. . . . ---- - ,.---”.”-.“..:.”.. . . ...

.-,

<;,. ~*-\ -., ;:,:,,.:,.:. ; :“,

(1.

-.

“. . .:

,’-.

.

: c.,,

-1 “WNl ‘a”. “ ““ ““~,.” If::(: ‘“j.:.

‘

I “’-’ “’”””””::,*S279 ‘1 ~ -.. “ . “..’. .:’.”-.

i,! %11 I

:1 I #

, )*

(;-:i

.

,

.

.- . .. ..- -- . ...— ------ -“

. .

62-Chan~e3 - 265

.

(..

c.

-,c...

c.

1“

t

ORAPHIC

.

●9

.

.- -1

“11 .=MWAM 1

s35sa 6s3$

~ ~ •:g~ ‘. . . ...” , \ M AQIANA ISLANDS

II au -----

I‘“’n”.. .. -“;G2535$ &j’;N I

1P..7

.s, 4197c,~. 4196

cocos I 5360

w

I

EAST

[Ill -- ..... . -.um M,,,To A1OLL 1

N5417

.

(

:ARoLINEl~uv)s

NAU2S

.

,

b

1

tb, --, ’-- - -1”

., . ... ,. . ,...--””

- . . . .... . . ------”--*’-’. ---”’”4---: 7$ ““ “p’-.,,.,...... . -- ,’- --;,. .. . - .. .. . . . .. ,—, .’

. . .. . --- )- “,’ /-. “\ “./- . -..,.-+ ‘:-:-‘- p ~-,,.

..

‘\ I..,, \ ,.,..

I

.1.

,,

.0

,. -

‘8’

*

●

. .●

✎ ✎

;iI

it

,-.

L.

-.

C./

. .

..—

.

----

I

.-

.5

457:5

. .

47.6

.“

2,$,>$:::&7,5 . 12. s 7*5. 7.5

H-Hour H+3 H+6

Holographs for Opem.tion C-ST-Z - S?.3:1 -

.

.

-.

. .. .

SCALE

hllll~l’ J40 60 80 100mllcs

D rot.: 5000 ft/hr

6/

------- ---. -----..:.

.

.. ..- ..-

~.-------- . . .. . .. .. ..- -. . . :’>* G.

.------ ------/

..

.Ctinge3 . 265.

* II*O.e!

.

.-

71L

. . .

;“.-,

> t+. ..: ,. I----: .!

,. ...” ?L.------ .

..”

.. .. ..:..

.. ..-.....” il -11

“Z*. ....

RIIY)= .’.. .. --——------—

----.~./ ‘“-

/“?

“/ . . ....8. . . . .

1

J n

*L I

.. .

-.,.. .. .

.

2--=-= >-= . L.=--- -- --- -

w—-— -- -

.

P

.

.,

.

,

L ..---- .-.

. .

.0

“r~erat~on cASTLE - ‘hbt 1- B ~& at }[+1hour (~

Off-sitedose rate c,ontoursi 63

1!

,

4001 I i

.

no

820

200

12-

MO

200

MO

120

- * 9--0

00

40 “ 3-.-

. .

0

40,& I t 1II

J I I Iii,lll I I 1,1!1,80

O18tonce PrOm GZ$st~tgte ~ile~

OperationCASTLE.- Shot 1- Erevo.Off-site dose rate contozrs~z rjhr

t I 1 1 i 9

---.

—..

.-

KAOLL

OERIKLL

. I

---

~

_RoA;G;yP

.- aL:

ATOLL

I.L

.

.

80 m

.

..

-— —

----- . .

- ...

.e

----1-4--\l “+- t=—.

“t—i +--t- t\”””--.r‘-T-

11 —- -1--

M--4--H Ff-i?=’x

-1------HH\-wA

- -~-rrrw / /

T

!rn-

. .

.

. .-

—.

.

. .

.-

.

.

--

.- -.

.—

‘t r“,Sm

operation c&~ - ‘hot 1- ~naOff-site dose rate contours

.

r

.

.

. .

I

..-

. . ... . ..t-.a

.,