BARC annual report 1987

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

BHABHA ATOMIC RESEARCH CENTRE

Annual Report 1987

November 1988

The year marked with very satisfactory operation of Dhruva Reactor at full powermaking available neutrons for isotope production and basic research in neutron scat-tering and condensed matter physics. The utilisation of this reactor picked up momentum.Many spectrometers were installed and physics experiments initiated. The studies madein order to solve the vibration problem of fuel elements resulted in building up capabi-lity in the reactor engineering programme for vibration analysis of complicated systems.

During the year BARC extended its activities on High Temperature Superconduc-tivity in both fundamental and applied aspects. This resulted in new results and exten-sion of the transition temperature to 125 K. Though the fundamental problem ofunderstanding the mechanism for superconductivity is not yet solved, the scientists madesignificant contributions in this area. Applied work is also continuing.

In the isotope programme, a laboratory for the production of P-32 biomoleculeswas set up at the Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology at Hyderabad. This hasgiven support to further work in genetic engineering and bio-technology in the country.

On the engineering side, the Reprocessing Group continued to operate the systemsat high efficiency. The design and development of remote handling devices includingrobots is proceeding satisfactorily. The support for engineering design of 500 MWe PHWRunit is continuing.

In the areas of molecular biology, nuclear agriculture, bio-engineering and foodtechnology, a good deal of progress has been made both in fundamental and appliedareas. A new centre is being opened at Calcutta for nuclear medicine.

The overall staff strength at BARC remained constant inspite of inducting about100 new graduates from the Training School. This report contains the summary of ouractivities and a list of publications from various Divisions. I am sure that this report willbe of great interest to a large community of scientists.

P.K.

CONTENTS1. PHYSICAL SCIENCES...... _.. 1

1.1 Nuclear Physics „ 11.2 Accelerator Programme 11.3 Reactor Physics 11.4 Fusion Related Research „ 21.5 Condensed Matter Physics 21.6 Theoretical Physics 41.7 Lasers and Spectroscopy _ 41.8 Computers „ „ „ „...„ „. 51.9 Seismology „„„.„_.„«„„ .„ .. „„ _..„. _„_ . 61.10 Nuclear Research Laboratory, Srinagar and High Altitude Research Laboratory, Gulmarg ... 71.11 Plasma Physics 81.12 Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre 81.13 MHD Generation 121.14 Pulse Power and Practical Beam Technology 121.15 Electron Beam Technology 131.16 Industrial Design 131.17 Super Conductors 13

Publications 15

2. CHEMICAL SCIENCES 312.1 Basic Chemistry 312.2 Water Chemistry 312.3 Fuel Chemistry „_ 32Z4 Radiochemistry 332.5 Analytical Chemistry 34

Publications .. ... .. ... _... ... .. ... .... 36

3. MATERIALS & MATERIALS SCIENCE 503.1 Heavy Water 503.2 Rare Earths and Other Materials 503.3 Metallurgy 513.4 Materials Science 513.5 Physical Metallurgy 523.6 Desalination 523.7 Beryllium Technology 53

Publications 54

4. RADIOISOTOPES 594.1 Radioisotope Production 594.2 Radiochemicals 594.3 Radiopharmaceuficals 594.4 Carbon-14 and Tritium Labelled Compounds..... „ .......... ..... ....... ... _. 594.5 Radiation Sources 594.6 Trucer Applications in Industry and Hydrology.......... .................................................................... ... 594 7 Radiation Technokxjv . ... . - .... 59

4-8 Radiation Sterilisation of Medical Products 604.9 Industiy Radiography 60

Publications 61

5. REACTORS 635.1 Reactor Engineering „ 635.2 Reactor analysis „ 645.3 Experimental Reactor Physics 655.4 Reactor Control 655.5 Reactor Operations and Maintenance 66

Publications 67

6. FUEL CYCLE 706.1 Ore Dressing 706.2 Uranium Metal Production . 706.3 Uranium Fuel Fabrication „ 706.4 Quality Assurance 706.5 Plutonium Fuel Fabrication „ 716.6 Post Irradiation Examination (PIE) 716.7 Fuel Reprocessing 716.8 Radioactive Waste Management 72

Publications 76

7. RADIOLOGICAL SAFEIY AND PROTECTION 787.1 Health Physics 787.2 Radiological Protection 797.3 Monazite Survey Project 80

Publications 81

8. ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION 868.1 Electronics 868.2 Instrumentation _ 868.3 Computer Based Instrumentation 878.4 Control Engineering 88

Publications _. 89

9. ENGINEERING SERVICES 909.1 Civil Engineering 909.2 Electrical & Mechanical Services 909.3 Central Workshops 91

Publications 92

10. GENERAL 9310.1 Remote Handling and Robotics 9310.2 Technical Information 94103 Landscaping 9410.4 Contributory Health Service Scheme (CHSS) 9410.5 Radiation Medicine Service 95

10.6 Technology Transfer 9510.7 Human Resources Development 95

Publications 98

11. LIFE SCIENCES 9911.1 Molecular Biology 9911.2 Biochemistry 10111.3 Bio-Organic Chemistry 10111.4 Nuclear Agriculture 10211.5 Pest Control 10311.6 Food Technoloqy _ 10311.7 Radiation Medicine _„ 107

Publications 109

PHYSICAL SCIENCES

1*1 Nuclear Physics

A number of new investigations in the areas of basicnuclear physics, atomic physics and other disciplines werecarried out with charged particle beams from the Trombay Vande Graaff accelerator, 2MV tandem accelerator and the VariableEnergy Cyclotron at Calcutta.

The elastic scattering data of 50 MeV a-particles fromznBi have been analysed using nearside-farside decompositionand the differential cross section for the emission of lightcharged particles in this reaction have also been measuredand analysed using the moving source model. In the field ofstudy of heavy-ion resonances, measurements of angulardistributions were made in the inverse reaction 24Mg(4He, 1SQI6Ofor a-particle energies of 27-8 and 28.6 MeV from VEC Fromthe analysis of these data, evidence for nuclear structure effectsat high excitation energies in the compound nucleus 28Si hasbeen obtained indicating the existence of a resonance of highspin value of 11 h at 33-8 MeV excitation. Excitation functionmeasurements have been made for elastic and inelasticscattering on "Si of a-particles in the energy range of 26 to 31MeV.

The differential cross section excitation functions fornS(a, a) | in the energy range 4-48 to 4-60 MeV have been

measured and analysed using R-matrix theory. High energystatistical transactions in the energy range of 6 to 15 MeV havebeen studied from the gamma ray energy spectrum in M2Cffission using BGO detectors. Gamma ray multiplicity vs.fragment charge ratio distribution have been studied for thespontaneous fission of 2MCf. Sub-barrier fission studies withlow energy protons and a-particles on 23S-23Btl isotopes havebeen continued using Lexon detectors.

The beam foil spectroscopic study of oxygen ions hasbeen completed involving measurements of excitation functionsand radiative life times of levels of Oil, OI11 and OIV.

Nuclear techniques such as proton induced x-ray emissionand x-ray fluorescence have been used in trace elementanalysis, in biological samples for cancer research. Thesetechniques were also applied for study of superconductingsamples as well as agricultural materials. Diffusion of severalatomic species in metallic glasses was studied by Rutherforda-backscattering spectrometry and correlations between dif-fusion rates and some physical properties of the diffusant havebeen established.

The microscopic variational many-body formalism wassuccessfully applied in predicting the onset of deformation inisotopes at neutron number N = 60 of Sr, Zr, Mo and Ru.

1-2 Accelerator Programme

Installation of the 14 MV Pelletron Accelerator at the TIFRcomplex was completed. During the year the various sub-systems and the integrated assembly were tested and the workof the commissioning of the accelerator was started. Thevarious electronic sub-systems including the CAMAC controlsystem of the pelletron accelerator have been tested for properfunctioning. The wiring of the remote control panels for themagnets and various safety interlocks have nearly reached thefinal stages of completion. Considerable time and effort weredevoted in the leak chasing of the entire accelerator systemwhich has to attain a vacuum of 10"* torr. Subsequently theaccelerator tank was dosed and the tube voltage tests and thetube conditioning were started.

An important landmark was reached in September 1987when a test beam of silicon ions was successfully acceleratedafter attaining a voltage of 7-75 million volts at the centreterminal of the accelerator. The corresponding energy of thesilicon beam was about 45 MeV for the 5 + charge statecomponent of the beam. A total ion beam current of 750particle nano amps was measured in this test run andsubsequently further conditioning of trie accelerator which is agradual process is in progress to attain the maximum specifiedterminal voltage of 14 MV. The testing of the injector systemwith the three different types of ion sources is also in progress.The pelletron accelerator is expected to be commissioned atTIFR for use by experimenters in 1988.

The accelerator is a tandem Van de Graaff acceleratorfacility which would be jointly operated by BARC and TIFR andwill be used to cany out research in various frontline areasinvolving studies of nucleus-nucleus collisions. Some of theareas of studies for using this accelerator will be heavy ioninduced transfer reactions, high angular momentum states,heavy ion fusion reactions, heavy ion induced fission andfusion phenomena and structure of exotic nuclei. The acce-lerator will also be utilized for research in interdisciplinary areasbordering on condensed matter physics, materials science andatomic physics.

1-3 Reactor Physics

A zero power critical experiment called Pumima HI forverifying the neutronics design of the " '(I alloy fuelled 30 kWneutron source reactor Kamini, which is nearing completion atIGCAR, Kalpakkam, is being set up at Trombay. The safetyanalysis report for Pumima III has been prepared and submittedto the appropriate review bodies.

A statistical correlation technique for the measurement ofthe degree of subscriticality of a highly subcritical («,„ 0-4 to

0-8) enriched fissile assembly has been developed Themethod was experimentally demonstrated by measuring theKcff of a six litre SS storage tank containing about 450 gramsof 2"(J in the form of uranyl nitrate solution.

Studies on the physics of high energy spallation systemsare being carried out to investigate the interaction mechanismand transport of nucleons through the target materials of amedium at high incident projectile energies of several hundredMeV based on the Monte Carlo intra nuclear cascade-eva-poration model.

A method to solve the transport equation by Sn methodusing quadrilateral meshes was developed. It gives very goodresults for non-uniform lattices. 1 ne origin of complex timeeigenvalues of one speed transport equation in a homogeneoussphere were studied. It was found that while the real eigen-values are analytical continuations of those given by diffusionequation, the complex time eigen-values correspond to highlyoscillatory eigen-vectors for which diffusion approximation isinapplicable irrespective of the size of assembly. New diffusionlike modes of spherically symmetric transport equation werefound. These modes give the same total flux as the diffusionequation but do not satisfy Fick's law.

Techniques were developed to reduce the computationtime for solving neutron transport equation using collisionprobability method in some simple geometries. A CANDU-PHWR kinetic benchmark to simulate the asymmetric reactivityinsertion accident was analysed using the space-time kineticmodel 3D-FAST. This model gives satisfactory results compa-rable to those obtained by CERKIN and ADEP computercodes.

The start-up procedures for the approach to criticality ofNAPP were finalised.

1 -4 Fusion Related Research

The prospects of breeding 2"U from thorium usingneutrons generated by fusion reactors in the future wasexamined. In order to make the study more realistic, only sub-engineering breakeven fusion systems which draw someelectricity from the grid to yield fissile a3(l were considered.The study indicated that even a few such fusion breedersconstructed around the year 2020 could make a very signi-ficant impact on the growth of installed nuclear capacity duringthe next century.

Integral measurements of the multiplication of 14 MeVneutrons by Be, Pb and Th assemblies were carried out Whilethe results were in good agreement with the theoreticallypredicted values in case of Pb and Th assemblies, in the case

of Be the theoretical value was higher by 15% indicating that itsneutron cross-section data needs to be refined.

The capacitors for the 500 kJ fast capacitor bank facilityhave been received. The design of the first phase 140 kJ bankhas been completed and all the major components are underfabrication. The control and data acquisition system (CODAS)based on an IBM compatible PC/AT computer is ready and isbeing tested with a smaller capacitor bank. A radio-frequencyshielding enclosure has been erected to provide protection todiagnostic equipment against electromagnetic interferenceduring a bank discharge shot

A theory has been proposed to explain the anomaloushigh fusion reactivity in a plasma focus. Preliminary experi-mental evidence has been obtained on a 24 kJ plasma focussupporting one of the key predictions of this theory, namelygeneration of spontaneous plasma rotation and the resultantaxial magnetic field.

Preliminary "impact fusion" experiments are beingattempted using a macro-particle accelerator based on anexploding aluminium foil driven electric gun. Using a 10 kJcapacitor bank, a 2 mg mylar projectile, 6 mm in diameter, hasbeen accelerated to more than 10 km/s. An improved 30 kJcapacitor bank is currently under fabrication to enhance theprojectile velocity to more than 15 km/s. A prototype electro-magnetic rail gun is also being developed to accelerate 0-5 gprojectiles to 5 km/s. Numerical analysis of impact fusion-targets is being carried out using a one-dimensional hydro-dynamic code. The code has been used to model generationand propagation of shock in laser irradiated CH2 Pt layeredtargets. It is found that ultra-high shock pressures of more than60 Mb can be generated by means of a 300 ps rise time, 1014

w/cm2 1 -06 urn laser pulse.

A generalized formulation for Rayleigh-Taylor instabilitywas used to study dynamic behaviour of a typical laser drivenICF spherical solid targets.

1 '5 Condensed Matter Physics

A novel pressure induced crystalline to amorphous phasehas been discovered in LiKSO4. New phase transitions havealso been observed in Pb-Zn and Pr-Pt systems underpressure. The shock anomary in Yb has been interpreted asdue to the valence 2 -3 transition. A new method has beenproposed for the evaluation of pressure contribution toequation of state from narrow core states. A gas gun foraccelerating projectiles to velocities of 1 km/s, which on impacton samples will generate shock pressures, is in an advancedstage of construction.

BARC ANNUAL REPORT-1967

A new double-axis neutron spectrometer has beeninstalled and commissioned at the Dhruva reactor. Trial runsusing standard samples indicate that the neutron flux at thesample is about 20 times that obtainable from Qrus reactor. Afull- circle Eulerian orienter fabricated indigenously will shortlybe incorporated on this diffractometer to conduct single crystalneutron diffraction experiments.

A profile refinement programme has been commissionedon the ND-computer system to carry out neutron structurerefinements on polycrystalline high T superconducting materials.Ageing effects on the YBa2Cu3O, superconductors wereinvestigated. Studies on other doped YBa2Cu3O7 systems arebeing initiated.

The structure of complexes of human carbonic anhydraseI with anionic inhibitors, iodide and gold cyanide respectively,has been studied. Iodide and gold cyanide bind to the activesite of the enzyme at different sites and inhibit the function ofthe protein. The possible implication of inhibitor binding toenzyme function has been deduced. Structure of humancarbonic anhydrase II has been predicted on the basis of itsamino acid sequence and the structure of human carbonicanhydrase I. This structure compares very well with the knownstructure of carbonic anhydrase II. A universal Graphite Mono-chromator mount has been designed and fabricated for use onthe rotating anode x-ray generator.

Crystal structure investigations of palladium coordinationcompounds have been continued. In the structure of (bipyridyl,hydroxy prolinato) palladium chloride dihydrate, it was noticedthat the proline rings are in envelope conformation. Thepyridine rings are twisted about the 2,2' bond due to chelationstrain.

While investigating structures of cyclopeptides, it wasnoticed that in the case of cyclo (L-methionyl-L-prolyl) thediketopiperazine has a boat conformation with the methionylchain in the pseudo-equatorial position. The conformation ofthe methionyl side chain is gauche-transgauche.

An x-ray stress analyser was designed and fabricated. Theequipment consists of an x-ray generator 30 kV fixed voltage2-10 ma variable current, a scanning goniometer with psiangle variable from 0 to 60 and 2-theta range of 120-165and with the facility to use either double exposure orsine-square-psi technique. A microprocessor is used for thegoniometer drive, data acquisition from proportional counterand print out of the signal counts. The instrument is being usedfor the study of stress values in a number of SS tubes and in theheat affected zones (HAE) of welded tube joints.

Single crystals of potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) weregrown for the first time in the country, using the flux method.

This is a strategic material, with important electro-optic appli-cations like frequency conversion of laser radiation. A newcomprehensive classification of twinning in crystals was formu-lated. The effect of the Curie-Shubnikov principle of symmetryon the macroscopic tensor properties of composite materialswas analysed. Temperature dependence of the spontaneousstrain of ferroelastic thallous nitrate was investigated.

Neutron diffraction and scattering programme progressedwith installation of more spectrometers at Dhruva reactor. Thepowder diffractometer with a metre long position sensitivedetector at Dhruva has now made it possible to measurediffraction patterns with an efficiency which is an order ofmagnitude better than that achieved at the Qrus reactor. Aneutron interferometer which is an instrument requiring a veryhigh degree of precision and stability was commissioned atQrus reactor and interference patterns from several elementsmeasured. Magnetic structure of the spinel Zn0 5 CO05 Fe CrO4 and other alloys were studied. A detailed investigation ofmicelle to gel transformation in solutions of cetyltrimethy!ammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium salicylate in waterwas carried out using the small angle neutron scatteringtechnique. The collaborative programme between BARC andRutherford Appleton Laboratory, U.K. has resulted in measure-ments of neutron weighted phonon distribution functions inTetracyanoethylene (TCNA)-a dipolar glass-(NH4)035Rba(r5

H2 PO4, mixed salts of ammonium and potassium halides anddiffraction studies on a spinel and a gel. Theoretical calcula-tions of phonon density-of-states have been made for TCME,geologically important Mg2 SiO3 and the high temperaturesuperconductor Y Baa Cu3 O7 _ ,, giving reasonable agreementwith experimental data whenever available.

Phase transition investigations were carried out onseveral solids. Qose relationship between the structure of thequasicrystalline and crystalline phases of Al6 Cu Mg4 wasestablished. Evidence for universal scaling behaviour in the firstorder transformation kinetics in Li KSO4 was obtained throughRaman Scattering experiments. A 3-watt argon ion laser of asimple modular design has been built and used to obtain newinformation on Hg-Te. Real-time Mossbauer Spectroscopy wasused to study the conversion times involved in photosyntheticstransitions in model complexes of iron. Phase transitions inmixed liquid crystals were studied giving information on theirtransition entropies.

Experiments on model membrane, DPPC-H2O, werecontinued in order to study the effect of the protein, Lysozyane,on it In another membrane,DPPE-H2O,evidence was found forexistence of metastable phases and effects of the drug, DDS,on these phases was investigated.

BARC, ANNUAL REPORT-1987

1*6 Theoretical Physics

The effects arising solely due to the quantization of theelectromagnetic field on the dynamical behaviour of a two-level Rydberg atom in a high-Q microwave cavity wereanalysed. The quantum evolution of atomic observablesexhibits oscillations which collapse and revive periodically. Thisbehaviour cannot be simulated by simplistic semi-classical orneo-classical theories. The single atom as well as the collectiveeffects in Rydberg atoms undergoing two-photon transitions ina high-Q cavity were also studied.

Analytical and numerical studies on quantum jumps incoherently and incoherently driven three-level atoms werecarried out Side-band correlations and squeezing behaviour incooperative resonance fluorescence from a system of two-levelatoms were studied. Non-classical effects of radiation, like theviolation of Cauchy Schwarz inequalities in cooperative opticaldouble resonance, were investigated.

A time depencknt density functional formalism wasdeveloped for many-electron system subjected to externalelectric and magnetic fields with arbitrary time dependence.The single particle current density was shown to determineuniquely the time-dependent scalar and vector potentialscharacterising the system and also the many particle wavefunction. A Levy type universal functional was defined andpractical schemes for the calculation of electron densitythrough hydrodynamical as well as a set of single particleKohn-Sham like equations were proposed. The gaugeinvariance of the present self-consistent formalism was alsoproved.

A macroscopic model of nuclear shape evolutions hasbeen developed to understand the dynamics of heavy ionfusion near and below the barrier energies. A study of finite sizecorrections to the themnodynamic properties of small aggregatesin the extended Thomas-Fermi formalism has shown that evenat temperatures of the order of Fermi energies these effects arenot negligible. In the (a, 2a) reactions, influence of kinematicterm in the three body final state description has beenestimated. The break-up process of 130 MeV 3He in thecollisions with various target nuclei has been calculated.

The (p, p' it + ) reaction has been studied to explore thepropagation of pion and nucleon resonances in nuclearmedium. Precise description of the octet baryon magneticmoments has been obtained by the addition of a SCI(3)(flavour) tensor term having isoscalar and isovector parts tothe quark model expression. Structure function of the nucleonhas been calculated using relativistic, scalar and vectorharmonic potential model. Studies on the production of quark-gluon plasma in the high energy heavy ion collisions and

antiproton annihilation in light nuclei have progressed in termsof the calculation of energy spectra, multiplicities of mesonsand strange particle production from the coagulation of quark-gluon droplets.

1 -7 Lasers & Spectroscopy

A compact cw CO2 laser, with a wide range of applicationsin the field of medicine, was developed. It can deliver an outputpower of 40 watts under optimum working conditions. Amicroprocessor system to control the output power of the laseris being tested. An articulated arm is being developed to guidethe laser beam to the required location.

R & D activity in the field of tunable dye lasers wascontinued. An internal spherical lens incorporated into thecavity of the grazing incidence grating dye laser was found toimprove its narrow hand efficiency substantially.

One arm of the high power Md:glass laser, under develop-ment, is nearing completion. A number of subsystems includingthe oscillator, seven amplifiers, Faraday isolators, pulse slicersand image relaying systems were installed in the laser arm.Rash lamps made in BARC have been substituted in place ofthe imported ones. The circuits for computer control of thelaser have been recast into PCB form in Euro size. The controlcircuits basically consists of microcomputer, interface andcontrol modules. The programme for control of the laseroperation was finalised. It provides suitable commands for dataentry and display besides monitoring of all the energy storageunits.

Several batches of glass microbailoons to be used astampers for gaseous targets in the experimental studies oflaser produced plasmas were prepared. The quality of theballoons as determined by interferometric methods was foundto improve with increase in the temperature of the glassforming furnace. Experimental data on laser produced plasmasby irradiating planar targets with 40 Joule, 5 ns glass laser wereobtained. An analysis of the space-resolved x-ray image pinhole images of plasma indicated the presence of large scaleplasma density modifications in the coronal plasma. X-raycrystal spectrometers for investigating various processes likeenergy transport, plasma recombination and target ablationetc. were fabricated and used routinely along with other plasmadiagnostics.

The studies in atomic spectroscopy included evaluation ofisotope shifts for all the stable isotopes of gadolinium, usefulfor evaluating the nuclear mean square charge radii. Spectro-scopic diagnostic studies of "Plasma Focus' have led to thedetermination of electron density and temperature of the

IBARC, ANNUAL REPORT-1987

plasma. The work on molecular spectroscopy included detailedstudy of the electronic spectrum of SiSe. The correct vibrationalassignments for the u.v. and visible bands couid be establishedby studying the isotopic species Si78Se and Si80Se. Theoreticalexpressions for the rotational intensities in the orbitally forbiddenand magnetic dipole transitions in diatomic molecules havebeen derived. The abnormal spin-splitting in the rotationallevels of the 2 £ + states of A10 has been quantitativelyexplained on the basis of perturbations by a close lying 2nstate.High resolution infrared spectroscopic studies were carried outon the v2 bands of NH2D and ND2H. The value of the transitiondipole moment was determined from absolute intensities ofseveral of the rotational lines of these bands.

Studies on the laser induced fluorescence in moleculeshave been continued. The theory of quantum jumps in asystem of a few ions has been formulated and analytical resultsfor a system of two ions were obtained. From these studies ithas been possible to identify the underlying three state Markovprocess that can be used to characterise the quantum jumps inthe ion systems. The infrared Multiphoton Dissociation (MPD)of thiophene in vapour phase has been carried out using aTEA CO2 laser. The major end products of the dissociationwere found to be C2H2, CaH2 and CS2. X-ray fluorescence (XRF)and x-ray excited optical luminescence (XEOL) methods toanalyse neutron absorbing rare earths in uranium have beendeveloped. These methods which have several advantagesover the existing optical emission spectroscopic method canbe used as alternative methods for the determination of rareearths in uranium. The Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectro-meter has been installed for carrying out the trace analysis ofreactor materials. Several special optical components and thinfilm coatings have been designed and fabricated to meet therequirements of various R&D programmes of BARC Aboutone thousand three hundred samples, involving around twelvethousand determinations, were analysed by using OpticalEmission Spectroscopic and X-ray Fluorescence techniques.

1-8 Computers

Installation and commissioning of ND-570 systems asenhancement of MD-540 systems, upgradation of the ND-570systems with additional hardware and software, and installationof advanced 3-D colour graphics hardware and CAD softwarepackages were completed.

The main developmental work included : 3-D Solid Modellerpackage, PERT/CPM package for ND and IBM PersonalComputers, distribution of ND-terminals using laser communi-cation link, starting of work in AJ. field, development of expertsystem for the prediction of events, reliability estimates, etc.,

starting of parallel processing project on Norsk Data and68020 based system, setting up of dial-up telephone linkbetween BARC and Vienna for IMS data base search, settingup of terminal facilities at Delhi and Madras using PSDM,DBMS work at TMC, setting up of work station based on 68020system to Norsk Data system, DBMS package developmentfor security, administration, DPS and isotope procurement onPC's and ND systems, and implementation of NumericalAlgorithm Library on Personal Computers and 68020 basedsystems.

An integrated data-voice network is being implemented jnBARC for accessing the various computers in the campusfrom different laboratories in the centre. The main objective ofthis network is to provide end-to-end digital links in the campusin line with modern Integrated Services Digital Networks(ISDN). With the implementation of this network, scientists car.access any of the computers on the network from their place ofwork.

The network consists of two mode digital switchingsystem with high speed fibre optic internodal link andprovides for 300 data channels of upto 64 kbps speed and1200 individual phones for normal voice communication.

Advantages gained from the network are : concentration ofa large number of computer terminals on to fewer computerports, switched access to computers, and flexibility of distributionand redistribution of terminals.

The flexibility and connectivity is achieved by integratingthe network with voice (telephone) network. Both data andvoice communication use same cabling and switching system.

Under the Laboratory Automation & Systems Developmentprogramme, a number of systems have been completed andare operational.

An 8K MCA based on IBM-PC has been fully developedand tested, and its technical know-how has been passed on toECIL for production.

A multi-input time analyser around an IBM-PC has beendeveloped. It has been installed in Cirus and it acquires datafrom upto 8 neutron detectors stationed around a rotatingcrystal type neutron spectrometer.

An intelligent communication interface for German busPDV has been developed for IBM-PC

A microcomputer based scan controller for materialstudies under high pressure has been designed, developed andinstalled. The scan controller system is used in the optical setup for pressure calibration. The motion of the grating of themonochromator and the paper movement of the plotterrecording the spectra are governed by the control unit Scancontroller is the custom designed circuit to control the mono-

BARC, ANNUAL REPORT-1987

chromator for accurate scanning of wavelengths at the requiredresolution. It takes the commands from the keyboard, sets thecontrol data, turns the monochromator knob as per thestepper control commands with the help of a D.C. steppermotor. It also generates the synchronisation signal to the stripchart recorder for exact calibration of wavelength on the stripchart paper.

Design, development and prototype engineering of dualADC required for position sensitive detector experiments havebeen carried out. First prototype of a 50 MHz 11 Bit ADC(Willkinson type) is already functioning satisfactorily. DNL ofbetter than ± 1 % has been achieved.

Design, devlopment of a nanosecond delay unit givingdelays from 100ns to 100 micro seconds in steps of 10ns hasbeen completed.

An integrated online hospital management system forTata Memorial Hospital is in an advanced stage of developmentThis includes patient medical records, facilities for retrospectiveanalysis and prospective clinical trials, journal reference systemfor library, computer aided training and education programme,bed management, appointment scheduling and drug inventorysystem, etc. This Is one of the most comprehensive systemswhich would become applicable to 40,000 patients whose datawould become available online. Prodimental expert systemhave also been developed for intensive patient care andmanagement.

An advanced version of a recording annunciator of 128channels has been supplied to RAPS. It houses the entire unitin a single 9" high cabinet System diagnostics for 2asymaintenance, and state-of-the art technology have beenprovided.

A window annunciator logger has also been supplied toNPC

A new version of an integrated data logger sequenceevent recorder and channel temperature monitoring system isbeing designed which will replace the older system currentlyoperational at RAPS.

A computer-based data storage and retrieval system fornuclear materials accounting data from the fuel cycle facilitiesin DAE has been developed by the Nuclear Materials AccountingCell (NCIMAC). A general purpose database managementsoftware (DBMS) package with interactive commands is used,which makes it possible to provide security at the file and dataitem level by assigning security codes and privacy levels.Several application and report generation programs have beendeveloped for processing information on the status of materialflows and inventories of nuclear materials, and to generateaccounting report By giving simple commands, the required

information can be retrieved by an authorised user in any user-oriented report format Application programs using a graphicssoftware package have also been developed to provide graphicoutputs pertaining to the data. All the application programs areon-line with the database. The database can be extended toaccommodate new types of accounting data with minimalamount of changes to the existing software.

1*9 Seismology

Continuous monitoring of global seismicity was continuedby the Gauribidanur Seismic Array, with special attention todetection and discrimination of signals generated by earth-quakes and underground nuclear explosions. Further improve-ments in source discrimination techniques using short periodseismic data from Gauribidanur array were achieved. A set ofearthquakes and explosions have been tested by the newmethods of discrimination which led to establishment of newand very reliable criteria for discrimination of sources. Twoindigenously fabricated seismometers were installed, one atGulmarg and the other at Srinagar to monitor seismicity in thatregion.

A wireless telemetered seismic network is planned to beestablished at Bhatsanagar, about 100 km northeast of Bombay,to monitor the seismicity of Bhatsa region where a rnesonrygravity dam is located across river Bhatsa. It is planned toinstall 11 field sensors covering an area of 20 km by 15 km, amaster receiving station, and a centralized multichannel record-ing laboratory with digital data acquisition and processingfacility. Fabrication of field electronic units, antennas andpower supply was completed. The civil engineering, mainspower line as well as other requirements for central recordinglaboratory were also completed. The computer for the dataanalysis was ordered.

Experimental studies on waves propagating along interfaceof two solid media were carried out and the results werecompared with theory of imperfectly welded surface. Agreementbetween the theory and experiment is very satisfactory. Theseresults are expected to be very valuable for quantitativeevaluation of strength of welded surfaces by non-destructivemethods.

Technical help was given to Bharat Gold Mines Ltd. as andwhen needed for the maintenance of rockburst monitoringsystem and for analysis and interpretation of the dc'a.

Earthquake data were analyzed to meet the requirementsof seismic evaluation of nuclear power plant sites. A catalogueof earthquakes from peninsular India recorded at the Gauribi-danur Array (GBA) between September 1977 and December1985 was prepared. Accelerograms from strong earthquakes

BARC, ANNUAL REPORT- 1987

recorded under rock and soil site conditions at differentlocations in the world were analyzed to derive spectral shapesfor different exceedance probabilities. This analysis is useful inspecifying earthquake resistant design inputs for nuclearpower plants.

1*10 Nuclear Research Laboratory, Srinagar &High Altitude Research Laboratory, Gulmarg

The Gulmarg gamma-ray telescope has been optimizedto improve its sensitivity and a personal computer has beenincorporated for fast, online data acquisition to study fastpulsars a i d other gamma-ray sources with periodicities downto milliseconds. AM-Hereules, representing an entirely newclass of binary objects, involving a magnetic dwarf star as thecompact primary (as against the usual neutron star), has beenshown for the first time to be an emitter of TeV ( = I0"eV)qamma-rays as well as possible PeV ( = 1015eV) photons. TheTeV and PeV light curves exhibit significant morphologicalcorrelations with the optical polarization data of the source,possibly indicating the underlying important role of the sourcemagnetic field in generating ultra high energy particles. Inaddition, observations have also been made on three othersources, namely, Cygnus X-3, Crab Nebula and Cassopia Y-1.The data are being studied for presence of both pulsed andsteady signals. A scheme to study ultra high energy gamma-ray sources by a conventional optical telescope has beenformalized and is being utilized to study the southern-skysources through 30" and 40 " telescopes at Kavalur. On thetheory side, it has been shown that the apparently large long-term variation observed in the luminosity of PeV gamma-raysfrom Cygnus X-3 and the apparent lack of it at TeV energiesare consistent with the apsidal motion of the source binaryorbit assumed to have a moderate eccentricity.

The study of neutron generation in the lightning dischargeshas been continued and in one event a high concentration oftritium in the tree stuck by the lightning, has been observedalongwith the arrival of a bi'rst of neutrons at the neutron pileabout 500 metres away. This provides a further proof of theoccurrence of very high temperatures in the discharge channelleading to D-D fusion reaction. The study of asymmetry in thegeomagnetic variation in northern and southern hemisphereas a function of solar disturbance, has been now extended overa period of past 100 years which shows that the symmetryapparently varies in step with the 11-year solar cycle leading toits peak near sun spot maximum and almost vanishing nearsun spot minimum. The results have important implicationsfor a variety of solar-terrestrial related phenomena.

Studies in atmospheric chemistry are in progress and aninstrument for simultaneous analysis of trace chemical specieslike oxides of nitrogen, ozone, formaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide,hydrocarbons like terpenes etc. is being installed at Gulmarg. Anew low direct current digitisation method has been devisedand is being incorporated in the measuring instruments to gettime dependent digital output of the concentration profiles ofthe species. A microprocessor controlled multiurtit sampler-cum-analyser is being developed to augment the facilities forunattended operation over long periods.

Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) techniquewas extensively provided to various institutes and governmentorganisations in the region for the multielement analysis of avariety of samples. In collaboration with the Geology andMining Department, Jarnmu and Kashmir Government bauxitedeposits in Jamrnu region were analysed for trace elementconstituents revealing marked enrichment in gallium whichcan be commercially exploited. The EDXRF technique for goldestimation in river sediments was standardized and used tostudy gold concentration in Indus river sediments from Ladakhregion. The results indicate gold concentration of 0.5 grams perton. A detailed study is in progress. EDXRF system has alsobeen used for monitoring the wear and tear of heavy machinesby studying the trace element concentrations in its lubricant o i lThe steel constituents, Fe, Cr and Ni. were observed inincreasing concentration in the lubricant oil with the increaseduse of machine which is a nondestructive indicator of wear andtear rate in the heavy machines for which the down time is verylow. In forensic sciences, cloth samples with bullet holesshowed high concentration of Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb and Sb which canbe used as a proof of the passage of bullet through these holes.The environmental and the paleoclirmatic studies of Kashmirvalley are in progress. An additional facility of thermo-lurniniscenetecnnique is being established for the dating of the pastsediments.

The gamma source of 296 * JO'5 Bq (8 x I0*Ci)continues to be used for the sterilization of medical products byvarious local hospitals. In particular, the specialized productlike grafts, open heart cannulation trays, biopsy sets andendotracheal tubes are radiation sterilized. The radiation facilityhas also been provided to the Sher-i-Kashrnir University ofAgricultural Sciences and Technology and Kashmir Onfveisityfor their research programmes on mutation studies on variousagricultural products like saffron, onions, oil seeds and cuminseeds.

Physiochemica! investigation on the effect of gammaradiation on organic compounds of pharmaceutical interestand other heterocyclics has been continued with particular

BARC ANNUAL REPORT-1967

emphasis on the formation of radiolysis products and transientintermediates.

In Mossbauer studies, estimates for optimum thickness ofdiffusive Mossbauer absorbers has been made consideringisotropic as well as anisotropic diffusion based on Brownianmotion of an over-damped harmonic oscillations. Such estimatesare useful for all absorbers in which diffusion is present andparticularly for polymeric a:id biological samples where recoilfree fraction is small and abundance of resonant nuclei is low.Calculations have also been made for appropriate samplethickness at which scattering fine shape assumes the unusualabsorption character. At this thickness interference effects inpoJycrystalline scatters can be studied. Dependence of linewidth on the thickness of the scatterer has also been foundtaking into account Rayleigh Compton and non-resonantscattering.

1 • 11 Plasma Physics

Detailed investigative studies on the basic process and thetechnology connects J with plasma jet devices producingthermal plasma in the temperature range 2000-20.000°C atatmospheric pressures were continued.

Computer codes have been developed and used for thedetermination of thermodynamic and molecular transportproperties of inert and combustion plasmas. The investigationsinclude radiative heat transfer from alkali seeded combustionplasmas.

Several plasma diagnostic instruments such as spectro-scopic temperature measurement, laser-doppler-velodtymeasurement, electrical conductivity measurement, laser-Faraday-rotation technique for electron concentration deter-mination and high-speed-photographic technique for arcfluctuations were developed and used. The detailed energybalance for radio frequency plasma for varying geometries andoperating conditions were experimentally determined.

The 100 kW plasma cutting torch developed at BARCwas used successfully in cutting uranium plates upto 50 mmthickness in under water mode. The design of 1 MW plasmacutting torch was earned out and various components areunder procurement Plasma sprayed thin and thick coatingswere prepared for specific user requirement

1-12 Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre

VEC Operation and Improvements

The Variable Energy Cyclotron at Calcutta acceleratedand delivered alpha beams with energies varying from 25 to 70

MeV at required beam currents on to the targets in threeexperimental areas (caves) to various users from researchinstitutions and universities. These high energy alpha beamswere used for research in Nuclear Physics, Materials Science,Biophysics, Pure and Analytical Chemistry, Radioisotopeproduction studies. Nuclear Chemistry, Superconductors,Atomic Physics, Medical Physics, Solid State Physics etcDevelopmental programmes were also undertaken for theimprovement of machine performance.

Besides the joutine acceleration of alpha particles, protonbeams as well as deuteron beams were also accelerated with15 to 30 micro amperes of extracted beam currents. Thesebeams have significant use in the materials science studies andhigh flux neutron production for medical purposes. Thesebeams will however be made available after obtaining sufficientand sustained quantify of source feed gases. The overallefficiency of the cyclotron was 60%, which is comparable tointernational performance of machines of similar type.

Development of a Penning Ion Gauge type of high powerheavy ion source has progressed well. This will help to generateheavy ions ranging from beryllium to argon. The acceleratedenergies that can be produced at the cyclotron, with thissource, will be unique in the country in the respective massregions. The source can also produce relatively low chargestate heavier mass ion beams for studies in Atomic Physics.

An Electron Cydotion Resonance (ECR) ion source is amere advanced source for the production of high charge stateheavy ions for acceleration at the Cyclotron and has come intoa wide use all over the world. Development of a roomtemperature version of this type of source has been undertakenat VECC as an advanced step to the P.I.G. source developmentfor heavy ion production and acceleration.

Using the VEC + ECR combination a variety of heavy ionbeams like N5 + (180 MeV). O7 + (430 MeV), Ne7 + (340MeV),Mg7 + (190 MeV), S9 + (350MeV),Arl2 + (500 MeV),Krl4 + (300 MeV). Xe21 + (450 MeV) etc are expected to beavailable with usable intensities. These energies correspond toa K value of 140 for VEC. Indigenous components would beused to the maximum possible extent

An external injection system has bsen designed to transportand inject the heavy ions extracted at 10-15 KV potential fromthe ECR into VEC. This system uses telescopic optics forconvenient operation and tuning. Second order aberrationshave been eliminated by using second order achromaticbends. All the elements on the beam line would be magnetic inorder to take advantage of the space charge neutralization.Solenoids and magnetic lenses would be used for focussingover long straight sections.

BARC ANNUAL REPORT-1967 6

txperimental Research

The collision of heavy ions at energies above 20 MeWnucleon results in the fragmentation of nuclei producingtypically three classes of fragments, namely, projectile-like,target-like and intermediate mass fragments. For lighterprojectiles (Z < 3) around these incident energies, the emissionof heavier fragments is thought to occur both via compoundnuclear decays and the fragmentation or other non-compoundprocesses. The production mechanism of these intermediatemass fragments is expected to reveal properties of hot nuclei.For light compound nuclei (A ^ 50) at moderate temperatures,very little is experimentally known to distinguish among thevarious disintegration modes like sequential binary emission,binary fission or instantaneous multifragmentation. An importantarea of current investigation is the study of the emission offragments with 3 $ Z ^ 15 from highly excited nuclei.

The study of angular momentum saturation in theevaporation residue of compound nucleus formed in heavyand light ion fusion reactions is of great topical interestMajority of such studies are confined to rare earth nuclei whereextremely large (60 h) angular momenta are expected fromtheoretical considerations. Since the de-excitation modes ofthese high spin states are through stretched E2 transitions, thespin of the highest states is estimated from a measurement ofgamma ray multiciplicity. It is known that in heavy nuclei like2"At, which can be formed as compound nucleus in 209Bi {x.xny) reaction, Bi cannot sustain very large spin, because thefission instability limits the angular momentum to about 28h.Due to such limitation the population of high spin states likethe 39/2 state in 2 "At will attain a saturation value as E isincreased. Indication of saturation of this 39/2 state isobtained in a study of isomer yield of the 4-2s isomer (39/2) in2°*Bi (z, 2ny) 2 I IAt reaction. The role of the pre-equilibriumneutrons is also found to be significant in the saturation of the39/2 states i n 2 " A t

The high spin yrast states, as well as the various non-yrastside bands, are weakly excited in (a, xny) reactions. For theirlocations, extremely weak gamma ray transitions are to bedetected. This calls for the use of an efficient ComptonSuppression System (CSS) for on-line gamma spectroscopywork. The anti-Compton shield either a Nal (Tl) or a BGO vetodetector is exposed to a fair amount of energetic neutronscoming from the traget The resulting gamma rays originatingfrom (n, n'y) and other reactions are detected along with thegenuine (x, xny) reaction gamma rays. In the present case,such neutron induced gamma rays in a Ge-Nal (Tl) anti-Compton system is charted for the first time and should be ofgreat value for identifying back ground spetra in (a, xny)

reaction work.

The energy levels of the well-deformed odd-odd nucleusl82Re has been studied by inbeam .jamma r<sy spectroscopyusing the reaction ""Ta (a. 3n) at 45 MeV. This nucleus showsa large number of rotational bands built on two quau-particieT , ; states with K = 2.4.7 and 9. In addition, a high-spin ( 1 6 " )long-lived isomer at 2256 keV is also populated. The g-factorof this isomer has been measured by perturbed angulardistribution technique in the presence of an external field of 16kilo-Gauss. From a measurement of the oscillations in thedecay curve the precession frequency may be estimated. Themeasured g-factor is 0-37 ± 0-05 supporting a (3n + 'p)quasi-particle configuration.

Alpha induced reactions on Ta, Co and Ag have beeninvestigated from threshold to 58 MeV using stacked foiltechnique. The residual nuclei observed after irradiations were182 1MRe from " 'Ta. "Mn and M*°Co from "Co. ' " In fromI09Ag and 1<)5Ag torn 107Ag. The excitation functions werecompared with calculations considering equilibrium as well aspre-equilibrium reactions, according to hybrid model of Blannusing code OVERLAIN ALICE. The aggreements betweentheory and experiment are good.

Three separate foil-stack irradiations of Nb were carriedout using 50 MeV alpha particles (from VEC) and 80 and 120MeV alpha beams from the ICOF, Bloomington. (JSA. The fluxmonitor reactions used were " A l (a. 4p3n) 2*Me and 65Cu (a.2n) 68Ga for above and below 50 MeV. respectively for whichwell measured cross-sections are available. The theoreticalcalculations were made using the hybrid model code OVERLAIDALICE with the initial excitation number, n = 4 and a (4poh)configuration. The theoretical values are lower by a factor of 2to 10 because of the simplifying assumption in the model thatonly the first nucleon is emitted in the pre-equilibrium phase,with the rest of the particles emitted by evaporation. Also theprojectile break-up effects are not taken into account in thehybrid model.

The radio isotopes IMTm and w * T m have been producedin the reaction IS5Ho (z. 5n) at 60 MeV. The recoil productswere transferred to low background areas using He-jet and thegamma-activity counted in two GMX and a thin iNa) counter.Although the largest transport of activities was obtained withHe gas mixed with cyclohexane, the deanest garnrna-spectrurnwas obtained with commercially pure He gas due to areduction in 5 I I keV annihilation radiation.

From the gamma-gamma and garrama-X coincidences, alarge number of transitions fed by the decay of 23ns isomer inEr at 1985 keV could be identified. The observed transitionscan be fitted into the level scheme of Er involving the K = 0.2

BAfcC ANMUAL REPORT - 1987

and (5) bands. A band mixing calculation to explain the relativeintensities of inter- and intraband transitions is in progress.

The conversion co-efficient measurements characterisinghigh multipole electromagnetic transitions in the reactions"Nb (a, p3n) '3mMo (T,.2 = 6-85h), 197Au (a, 3n) """Tl(T, - = l-87h), 108Pd (a, n) '"mCd (T,/2 =48-6min)and 85Rb(a,3n) "my (T = 48min) have been made.

The angular distribution of fission fragments is beingstudied as a function of mass deviation to get the informationon the saddle configuration of the compound nucleus. Thin Thtargets were bombarded with 30 MeV a-beam for about 6hours and the fission products were collected on catcher foil(Al) at various angles (84° to 8°). The foils were then analysedy-spectrometrically. Data shows that at 30 MeV a- beam theangular anisotropy products belonging to asymmetric region ismore compared to that for the products in the symmetricregion.

The effect of angular momentum of the a-partces on theisometric yield ratio of the reaction products from "Rb targethas been investigated. Stacked Rb foils were irradiated with a-beam and the products were analysed a-spectrometrically. Theisometric yield ratios of a7Y, "Y and "Rb corresponding to (a,2n), (a, 3n) and (a, 4n) reactions respectively were measuredas a function of energy. The m /g ratios were found toincrease as a-energy increases and after attaining a peak them /g values decrease. This has been explained in terms ofpredominance of pre-equiiibrium effect at higher a-energy.

The linear momentum transfer in a-induced fission of " 'Uhas been studied at E =40 and 60 MeV by measurement ofthe fragment-fragment angular correlations. A larger lowmomentum tail for the 60 MeV case as compared to 40 MeVdata is observed. The mean linear momentum transfer forfission events is 94% and 9056 respectively at E = 4 0 and 60MeV. Measurements have been done at fragment emissionangles of 20° and 90° to provide information on thecorrelations between linear and angular momentum transfers.In order to investigate the importance of shell effects at highexcitation energies, the total kinetic energy of the fissionfragments is measured as a function of bombarding energyand mass asymmetry. For symmetric or highly asymmetricfission, a strong dependence on E is observed, but the effectis much smaller for the most probable mass distribution. Themass dependence may be understood in terms of shell effectsand the dynamics of the transition from compound nucleus toscission configuration.

A research programme for the study of alpha inducedsingle and two nucleon transfer reactions over the entire sdshell and fp shell nuclei for nuclear structure studies is in

progress in VEC

In the study of one nucleon transfer reaction, the experimentis performed using oc-particles as projectiles incident at anenergy of 40 MeV. The angular distribution of tritons from the(at, t) reaction on "A! nucleus corresponding to the groundstate (O + ) and other 2 + , A*, 0*. 3* etc., excited states in the28 Si final nucleus have been measured in the angular rangebetween 5° and 60°. The experimental angular distributions arecompared with predictions from DWBA formalism for different1-transfers with the assumption of a nuclear stripping mechanism.Spectroscopic factors are calculated and compared with thosefrom a full s-d shell model calculation done by Wildenthal et a).

In the case of two nucleon transfer reaction, 27AI (a, d)reaction is studied at 40 MeV incident energy. The experimentalangular distributions are compared with both Zero Range andEFR DWBA predictions using both microscopic and clustertransfer formalisms. Contributions to the cross-sections fromthe D-state of the relative motion between the residual and thetransferred particles are also being explored.

High energy particles derived from VEC provide an uniqueopportunity to study radiation effects on dried lipid film therebyeliminating all possible interference of the cellular constitutentsand also the radiolysis of any aqueous for non-aqueous solventsystem. High energy particles produced a dose-dependentlinear increase in different lipid peroxidation products, e.g.rnaiondialdehyde (MDA), hydro-peroxides and conjugateddeneas in the dried thin film state. An inverse rate effect wasobserved when the dose-rate was varied by changing either theparticle fluence rate or the particle energy. The antioxidants,tocopherol and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), suppressedthe particle induced lipid peroxidation in the dried thin filmstate, and in this respect tocopherol was found superior toBHT. Tocopherol was found equally efficient in inhibiting lipidperoxidation by panicles and by ultraviolet light

This study has thus extended the existing knowledge oflipid peroxidation in several ways; (i) alpha particles have beenshown to produce dose dependent lipid peroxidation in amanner similar to that of other types of radiations; (ii) it hasalso demonstrated flat the free radical mediated lipid peroxidationcan proceed quite efficiently in the absence of any aqueous ornon-aqueous solvent (ui) this extends the validity of the schemesof free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation described earlier,which actually described the stages of initiation, propagationand termination without involving the solvent moleculesand (iv) this study has further shown that the artioxidants, BHTand tocopherol, can significantly interfere with and inhibit suchfree radical reactions in the dried thin film of lipid.

The secondary neutron dose and energy distribution in

BARC, ANNUAL REPORT-1987 10

several directions from thick targets of tantalum, gold andcarbon bombarded by 40-60 MeV alpha particles were measuredusing NE-213 proton recoil scintillator, threshold activationfoils and tissue equivalent LET proportional counter. Theanalysis of data have been made by using the two standardcomputer codes, viz. FERDOR-U and LOOHI-82.

Positron annihilation measurements on the evolution ofdefect structure in alpha irradiated austentic stainless steel SS316 have been carried out The characteristics observed ispossibly due to the formation and dissolution of Ti inducedvacancy clusters. The second annealing step around 700° K isattributed to the recovery of radiation induced dislocationloops, the occurrence of the final peak around 900° K in thespecimen containing helium may be understood in terms ofthe formation and coarsening of helium bubble in steel. Thealpha irradiation effects on super-conducting materials like NbSn has also been studied.

A comparative study on the alpha irradiated and deformedNb has been carried out to isolate the He effects on defectannealing. He-vacancy complexes/He-bubbles have been foundin irradiated Nb which showed a remarkable growth by theaddition of He-atoms between 450-600°C and vacanciesbetween 600-750°C. Coarsening of these complexes has beenseen between 800-900°C above which they annealed out

A silicon (n-type) wafer was irradiated and a metal-contactSchottky diode was prepared. From the barrier height thedensity of states could be measured and compared with thedetermination by capacitance measurements or deepleveltransient spectroscopic (DLTS) studies.

In a radiation damage experiment a stack of 8 stainlesssteel (SS 302) foils was exposed to a beam of 30 MeV alphaparticles. The foils were examined by Mossbauer spectroscopybefore and after irradiation and a small broadening of theMossbauer line could be detected. With higher alpha doses thesplitting of the Mossbauer line could be looked for.

The particle radiorysis of uracil in nitrous oxide saturatedsolution was investigated with 40 MeV irradiation in air. Thesolution in the irradiation cells were stirred by a magnetic stirrerand also by bubbling gas through it LET of the respectiveradiation was computed from the known energy of theparticles, considering degradation from the various absorbers.The base degradation was ascertained by measuring theabsorbances of the uracil solution both before and afterirradiation.

G(-U) in nitrous oxide saturated solutions is found to be1-04 which as expected agrees quite well with 1/2(GH + G0H)where GH and GOH correspond to the primary G values of theradicals at the particular LET. The primary yields of the radicals

are known to decrease with increase of LET of the radiation.Hence, G(-tl) should also decrease with increase of LET andthis is corroborated by the present observation.

The range of particles in pure and impurity doped Nadcrystals has been determined by measuring the number of F-centres produced of various depths below the surface of thecrystals. The efficiency of F-centre formation has been estimatedand is found to be independent of the orientation andconcentration of impurities in the crystals. The depth ofcoloration has been considered as the range of particles in thecrystals and expressed as the depth at which the optical densityreaches a zero value. The optical density has been measured ateach stage of surface removal relating tne optical density withthe eliminated thickness of the coloured surface.

The effect of 40 MeV a-particle on the catalytic activity of/?-MnO2 has been investigated. The total dose given variedfrom 0-5 A hr to 4-5 A hr. The decomposition of H2O2 inpresence of /J-MnO2 was followed off-line after irradiation bythe polarographic technique.

The analysis of the decay kinetic of H2O2 decompositionreaction showed the involvement of the two first order components.The catalytic activity of both the components increased and theactivation energy for the HaO2 decomposition reaction decreasedwith increasing dose at lower beam currents. The decrease incatalytic activity at higher doses at high beam current indicatedthe possibility of annealing during irradiation. This could beboth due to thermal and radiation annealing. The annealingobserved in samples irradiated with high beam currents isinferred to be mainly due to thermal annealing because atlower beam currents no decrease in activity was observed evenat high total doses.

An active programme to (i) standardise production andquality control procedure for established radionuclides (eg."Ga, '"In), (ii) collect relevant basic data for production ofpotentially useful radionuclides (e.g. 97Ru), (iii) study feasibilityof production of some important radionuclides through reactionsunattempted thus far (e.g. "Co) has been initiated. Table IIsummarises the results of the irradiation experiments.

Theoretical StudiesEfforts have been directed mostly to have a coherent

understanding of the non-equilibrium processes in nuclearcollisions at energies below and a little above the Fermi energydomain. The nucleon-diffusion model developed to understandthe energy and angular momentum dissipation is also found tobe eminently successful in explaining dynamical neutron-proton correlation, the fragment spin correlations, fast particleemission and the many nuances of incomplete linear momentumtransfer. A rigorous time-dependent density matrix formulation


of the process has further shown the importance of incoherentparticle hole excitations. Above the Fermi energy domain, ahot-zone model is proposed to explain nuclear fragmentation,two-particle correlation and limiting momentum transfer. Nuclearequation of state is being derived to understand the possibilityof liquid-gas phase transition, the critical temperature and thelimiting temperature. At higher energies EMC effect and mass-anomaly in particle production at large transverse momentumare being studied.

Break-up of composite nuclear projectiles into theirconstituments in distant nuclear collissions provides uniqueopportunity to determine cross-sections for the time-reversedfusion processes. The target and energy dependence of theCoulomb-dissociation cross-section for a number of light ionshave been obtained and it has been found that for projectilesadmitting a dipole break-up mode, the Coulomb dissociationbecomes comparable to the nuclear diffractive dissociation.The breakup via low relative energy states in the continuum ofthe projectiles is found to provide dramatically different signaturesin the post and prior form of the theories thus paving the wayfor the first time an eM/erimenfal discrimination.

Studies related k< the Quark-Gluon Plasma, supposedlyobtained in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collision, as well as thestate of the Universe a few microseconds after the Big Bangwere carried out Signals of such a plasma when formed havebeen predicted, the dileptons and photons in particular. Theprediction that (T/7I°) ratio from the quark-gluon plasmaremains remarkably insensitive to the transverse momentumseems to have been substantiated rather dramatically in arecent experiment, WA80, at CERN, Geneva. All these findingshave been reported in an international conference, QuarkMatter '87 in Germany.

1-13 MHD Generation

After the successful commissioning of the MHD plant atTiruchirapalli, the MHD programme is oriented towards closedcycle alklali seeded inert gas and liquid metal MHD systems.Investigations on plasma instabilities in 100 kW seeded inertgas and 2-phase flows studies in mercury air liquid metalMHD system were carried out Computer codes for completeloop calculations for liquid metal MHD system were developedand optimization of the main loop is under progress.

As a part of the developmental program for hot electrodefor MHD generator, the electrical properties of the systembased on ZrO2-Ce02Y2O3, CeO2-ZrO2-Ta2 O5 and coalslag-KjO systems were investigated.

1 • 14 Pulse Power and Particle Beam Technology

Because of numerous applications, pulse power systems

and particle beam technology have become front-line researchareas in recent times.

A new type of trigatron, called a double mode trigatronwhich can be simultaneously command triggered at cathodeand anode auxiliary gaps was developed. Due to its excellentswitching characteristics in the range of 11 -23 kV, a delay timeof less than 100 ns, rise time of about 10 ns and jitter less than4 ns, the double 'nods trigatron can be used as an efficientclosing switch in preference to the present commercially well-established conventional trigatrons. A new mechanism oftrigatron breakdown in the form of interaction betwen maings,) and trigger gap hss also been proposed.

\ capacitor bank with energy storage capability of 100 k ja* 20 kV has been successfully tested at 60 k j level. A specialieature of this capacitor bank is that it can be used for fastoscillatory mode as well as unidirectional discharge. The fastoscillatory discharge mode is required for high temperaturehigh density plasma generation, magnetoforming, demagne-tization of permanent magnets and others. The unidirectionalmode is useful for long duration pulsed magnetic field genera-tion in plasma confinement and heating studies, magnetizationof permanent magnets etc. The radial Tesla transformer forthe 1 k j pulse power system (REB 1000) was fabricated withimproved insulation design. It has been assembled in thesystem and is ready for precommissioning tests. Fabrication ofthe three electrode oil Blumlein for a pulse powder system of 1MW at 5 kJ has made considerable Droaress.

In connection with the experiments on garter springrepositioning in PHWRs with a modified 30 kJ capacitor bank,a high strength magnet coil has been fabricated with specializedClass F insulation system. The magnet coil has shown a life ofmore than 100 shots and has produced a displacement of 15to 50 mm per shot The major problems being presentlyencountered, when the system is operated at pulse repetitionfrequency of one shot per five minutes, are enhanced heatdissipation and ageing of electrical insulation. Reliability isbeing established towards these aspects and this system isproposed to be used during the preservice stage of NAPP.

Propagation of an intense charge particle beam in neutralgas or plasma is important for inertial fusion, plasma confine-ment, plasma heating, collective acceleration of ions, microwaveand free electron laser generation. A unique and novelexperiment in which the REB generation and transport havebeen carried out at the same pressure using foil-less diodeconfiguration was performed. The experiment was performedusing REB-200 system, renamed as KALJ-200 (Kilo-AmperLinear Injector), with typical beam parameter of 300 keV, 6 kA

BARC. ANNUAL REPORT- 1987 12

and 40 ns and maximum energy of 200. It was observed thatinput beam parameters were the functions of gas pressure anda maximum peak beam current of 6 kA was observed at apressure of 100 m Torn The amplification of net current overthe input beam current was observed for propagation distanceupto 15 cm. The analysis of the experimental results showedthat two- stream instability might be operative in the pressurerange studied and that there was also a possiblity of formationof potential well and collective acceleration of ions.

An experiment to study the interaction of REB with thetarget plasma produced by coaxial plasma gun is in progress.The plasma gun has been assembled on KALI-200 set-up andthe characterisation of the plasma injected in the mirrormagnetic field has been carried out.

REB technology has been successfully used to generate105 neutrons during the beam pulse using deuterated elec-trodes in REB diode.

A numerical study of plasma heating and beam transportin neutral gases was carried out for REB with voltages of 0-29and 1 -0 MV taking collisions, two stream instability and chargeand current neutralisation processes into account The calcu-lation of beam transport of 0-29 MeV, 5-7 kA, 40 ns beam inhydrogen in a mirror magnetic field of 1 -5/1 • 15/1 -5 kG through0-9 meter shows a transport efficiency of 85% at 1-1 Torr and isin agreement with experimental results.

A model of exploding wire plasma has been developed forpulse energy density ^ 10° Joules/m3 and duration ^ 1 ns.The results show fragmentation with sizes ranging from nm to;um. The equilibrium plasma temperature, 100 ns afterexplosion, is - 1 eV with plasma density of 10'5 cm"3 with anexplosion velocity of ~ 105 cm/sec.

A consultancy group on electromagnetic interference(EMI), formed to tackle the EMI problems in pulse powersystems, provided advice to various users on electromagneticshielding and gave them designs to be implemented forspecific systems.

1 • 15 Electron Beam Technology

Electron beam (EB) is a highly energy efficient heatsource for metallurgical applications and indispensible whenworking with highly reactive and high temperature materialsused in nuclear and aerospace industries.

During the year the indigenously developed EB weldingmachine was used to weld large batches of a wide variety ofhigh precision components such as thir walled cylindricalassemblies of high strength steel, seam welding of thin walledhigh strength steel cylinders for defence applications, miniaturebellow assemblies for reactor control systems and zircaloy-2

boxes for reflector blocks for Kamini reactor. Effort has beeninitiated to transfer this proven technology to the industry.

Two indigenously developed EB evaporation systemseach rated at 10 kW, were commissioned for generation andstudies of metal vapour beams at MDRS, and another rated al20 kW is presently under fabrication for metallurgical appli-cations.

1 • 16 Industrial Design

The Ultra High Vacuum System (UHV) for T.l.F.R'sgravitation experiment was relocated and commissioned.Baking of the UHV system was carried out at 150°C and 225°Cand a pressure of 1-8 x 10"* Torr was achieved. Since thepressure was adequate for the fifth force experiment, the entireassembly was installed and commissioned in the 20 metredeep pit at Gauribidanur. A steady ultimate pressure of 3 x 10 ~e

Torr with the use of the two ion pumps was achieved after amild baking below 100°C

The tetrode D.C. sputtering system is under development

1*17 Superconductors

Extensive studies are in progress for the development ofrare earth based high Tc oxide ceramic superconductors.Some of the compositions based on lanthanum oxide andyttrium oxide have consistently shown Tcs exceeding 90K.

Development and fabrication of oxide superconductor ofthe type YBaaCu3O, which showed zero resistance at about 90K and maximum current density of 40-50 A/cm2 at 77 K andzero field was pursued. Wires of 0-5 mm diameter and 10-15meters long were made from this material after encasing insilver by 'powder-in-tube' technique. One of the samples madeout of this wire became superconducting after firing in oxygen,but showed low current density. Further work with regard tooptimization of heat treatment parameters for achieving higherTc is being continued.

Wires of high temperature superconductor YBa2 Cu3 O7 _ t

were made. Texture enhancement in this material was obtainedby doping with Ag2O to improve the critical current density. Atheoretical explanation of magnetisation curve of this com-pound was found by taking explicit account of the magneticfield dependence of critical current A new anomaly in magne-tisation curve was predicted and then observed. Severalsuperconducting magnets were made using NbTi wire made inBARC.

High temperature superconductivity pellets of Y Ba2 Cu3

O7 compound were prepared and plasma sprayed. Aftersuitable treatment they retained their high temperature super-conductivity properties. Currently RF plasma assisted cathode


sputtering with reactive gases is being investigated for itssuitability for the preparation of thin film of binary-ternarycompound.

Microwave absorption studies of the high Tc oxide super-conductors YBa2 Cu3O,.Kin the 9QHz region using ElectronParamagnetic Resonance (EPR) technique have given evidencefor the possible formation of Cu2 +-Cu'1 + pairs followingvibrational assisted disproportionation of two Cu3 + ions below

Tc. The field independent microwave absorption cbserved inthese studies has been attributed to a.c. diamagnetic suscepti-bility enhance'd due to percolative nature of superconductivityin this compound.

Laser deposition technique is being developed for depo-sition of thin films of high temperature ceramic super-conduc-ting material on different substrates. Stoichiometric compositionhas been successfully achieved.


Publications

Kailas, S. "Energy Dependence of Inelastic ProtonScattering to the 32.614 MeV State in ^Pb", Phys. Rev.C35, 2324(1987)

Kailas, S. "The Nuclear Reactions in Silicon andGermanium Detectors and Peak Intensity Losses forHeltons"; Nucl. Intrum. Methods. A261, 497(1987)

Gupta, S.K. and Satpathy, L. "A New Macroscopic-Microscopic Description of the Double Humped-FissionBarrier", Z. Phys. A326, 221(1987)

Jain, B.K. and Gupta, S.K. "Quark-quark Spin-isospinInteraction and Li(p,A++*He Reaction", Z. Phys. A326,191(1987)

Gupta, S.K. and Khadkikar, S.B. "Precision Descriptionof the Octet Baryon Magnetic Moments", Phys. Rev. D36,307(1987)

Wagh, A.G. and Gupta, S.K. "The Power EnvelopeCorrespondence Between Nuclear Stopping andInteratomic Potentials", Nuci. Instrum. and Meth. forPhysics Research B16, 313(1986)

Sharma, S.K. Kuldeep and Jain, Animesh K. "DiffusionMeasurements in the Metallic Glass Fe^B^", Thin SolidFilms 152, 511(1987)

Salvi, V.P., Vidwans, S.V., Rangwala, A.A., Arora, B.M.,Kuldeep and Jain, Animesh K. "Formation of TitaniumSilicides by High Dose Ion Implementation", Nucl.Instrum. Meth. in Phys. Res. B28, 242(1987)

Santra, A.B. and Jain, B.K. "The p(3He,t)++ Reaction",J. of Phys. G.: Nuclear Physics 13, 745(1987)

Singh, P., Mythili, R. and Betigeri, M.G. "Design of a100 MeV Proton Linear Accelerator", Pramana 28,257(1987)

Rychel, D., Gyufko, R., Kruechten, B.V., Lahanas, M.,Singh, P. and Wiedner, C.A. "Isospin Decomposition ofO+ —2+ and O+-* 3' Transition Matrix Elements byCoulomb-Nuclear Interference Observed in Inelasticalpha-scattering from the Even Zr-Isotopes", Z. Phys.A326, 456(1987)

Madan Lai, Choudhury, R.K. and Agarwal, R.M."Optimisation of Geometry for X-ray Analysis of RareEarth Materials", X-ray Spectrometry 16, 23(1987)

Chacharkar, M.P., Sathe, M.D. and Madan Lai"Determination of Tungsten in Ores Energy DispersiveX-ray Fluorescence Analysis", J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem.Letters 119(1), 29(1987)

Nigam, A.N., Tripathi, R.P., Jangid, M.L., Chacharkar,

M.P. and Madan Lai "Mossbauer Spectroscopic ofTungsten Ores*, ibid., 107(4), 239(1986)

Moses, D.J., Kaplan, M., Kildir, M., Logan, D.R.G., LaRana, G., Parket, W.E., Lacey, R., Peaslee, G.F.,Mexander, J.M., Ajitanand, N.N. and Vaz, L.C. "LightCharged Particle Emission in 485 MeV 56Fe+197AuReactions: Correlations with Heavy Fragments andRelationships to Spin and Lifetime", Nucl. Phys. A465,339(1987)

Lacey, R., Ajitanand, N.N., Alexander, J.M., DeCastroRizzo, D.M., Deyoung, P., Kaplan, M., Kowalski, L., LaRana, G., Logan, D., Moses, D.J., Parket, W.E., Peaslee,G.F. and Vaz, L.C. "Surprising Properties of the NuclearStratosphere Indicated by Energy Spectra and Large-AngleCorrelations Between 4He and I23H or 4He", Phys. Letts.B191, 253(1987)

Ajitanand, N. N., Iyengar, K. N., Anand, R. P.,Nadkarni, D.M. and Mohanty, A.K. "AnomalousBehaviour of the Proton-Induced Fission Cross Sectionsof a 5 U and a 8 U at Extreme Sub-barrier Energies", Phys.Rev. Letts. 58, 1520(1987)

Jain, B.K. "Cluster Knock-out Reaction", Workshop onBreak-up Phenomena in Nucl. Phys., Calcutta, Feb 1987(Invited Talks)

Jhingan, M.L., Nagaraj, S., Roy, A., Betigeri, M.G. andSingh, P. "Design of a Separator for Heavy Recoil Ions",Conf. on Mass Spectroscopy, Bangalore, Jan 1988

Madan Lai and Choudhury, R.K. "Application of EnergyDispersive X-ray Fluorescence Technique to Characterisethe Elemental Composition of Surface Layers", NationalSymp. on Advances in Surface Treatment of Metals,Astom-87, BARC, October 1987

Madan Lai "Multielement Analysis of AgriculturalSamples by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence(EDXRF) Technique", National Symp. on Micro-NutrientStresses in Crop Plants, Physiological and GeneticalApproaches to Control Them, MPAU, Rahuri,Maharashtra, December 1987 (Invited Talks)

Madan Lai, Choudhury, R.K., Nayak, B.K., Bamane, V.,Trivedi, P.N. and Ranade, S.S. "Trace Element Studies inOesophagus Tissues by Proton Induced X-ray Emission(PIXE)", National Symp. on Analytical SpectroscopyIncluding Hyfenated Techniques, RRL, Hyderabad, 1988

Madan Lai, Choudhury, R.K. and Divatia, A.S. "TraceElement Analysis of Tea Samples by Energy DispersiveX-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) Technique", ibid.

Kailas, S., Saxena, A., Singh, P. P., Schwandt, P.,


Stephenson, E.J., Chen, Q., Friesef, D.L. "GiantMultipole Resonance Region Excited in u6Sn through theInelastic Scattering of 270 MeV 3He Particles", Interna-tional Conf. on Perspectives in Nuclear Physics, Madras,1987

The Reaction 6Li(p,3He++)4He at T =400-1000 MeV,Breakup Workshop on Pnenomena in Nuclear Physics atVECC, Calcutta, February 1987

Khadkikar, S.B. and Gupta, S.K. "Centre of Mass Separa-tion for Dirac Equation for Harmonic Potential",International Conference on Nuclear Physics, Harrogate,August 1986

Gupta, S.K. and Khadkikar, S.B. "Octet Baryon MagneticMoments", ibid.

Gupta, S.K. "Equivalence of X and Q2 Rescaling inEMC Effect and Quark-gluon Plasma Transition", ibid.

Rycher, D., Singh, P., Gyufko, R., Kruchten, B.V.,Lahanas, M., Schuerman, B. and Wiedner, C.A."Simultaneous Determination of Electromagnetic andIsoscalar Transition Rates from {a,a') Experiments in theCoulomb-Nuclear Interference Region", Int. Global Conf.Math. Phys., Nagpur, 1987

Sharma, S.K., Banerjee, S., Kuldeep and Jain, AnimeshK. "A Comparative Study of Thin Film DiffusionMeasurements in Metallic Glasses by Ru'.herfordBackscattering Spectrometry and Auger ElectronSpectroscopy", 7th Intl. Conf. on Thin Films, i987, NewDelhi

Jain, B.K., Londergan, J.T. and Walker, G.E."A(p,p'7i+)B Reaction, A Probe for Pion-Precursor", XIInt. Conf. on Particles and Nuclei, Kyoto, Japan, April1987

Londergan, J.T., Walker, G.E. and Jain, B.K. "An IsobarModel for (p.p'n) Reaction at Intermediate Energies",Spring Meeting of the American Physical Society, April1987

Chatterjee, A., Gupta, S.K., Kailas, S., Kerekatte, S.K.,Quang, T.X. "Resonance Spectroscopy of 36Ar UsingAlpha Elastic Scattering", ibid.

Saxena, A., Kailas, S., Singh, P.P., Chen, Q., Schwandt,P., Stephenson, E.J. and Friesel, D.L. "ContinuumBackground in the Giant Resonance Region ofExcitation", Nucl. Phys. and Solid State PhysicsSymposium, DAE, 1987

Chatterjee, A., Gupta, S.K., Kailas, S. and Kerekatte, S.S."Light Particle Emission in 209Bi + 4He at 50 MeV",

ibid.

Chatterjee, A. "4 Neutron Multiplicity Detector", ibid.,(Invited Talks)

Gupta, S.K., Chatterjee, A. and Phatak, S.C. "StructureFunctions in Relativistic Harmonic Oscillator Model",ibid.

Charagi, S.K., Gupta, S.K. and Chatterjee, A. "DesignStudies of a Proton-Pion Hodoscope", ibid.

Charagi, S.K. and Gupta, S.K. "Accurate Relations forNuclear Masses", Symp. on Nucl. Phys. 29B, 263(1986)

Nimje, V.T. and Sethi, R.C. "Studies on Fixed CentralRegion of the Medical Cyclotron", Nucl. Phys. Symp.,Bombay, 1987

Thakur, N.M. and Sethi, R.C. "Stripping Extraction andMultiple Beams from Medical Cyclotron", ibid.

Singh, P. "Recoil Mass Spectrometer", ibid. (Invited Talks)

Jain, Arvind, Bathena, F.R. and Shallom, E. "OperatingExperience on an Isotope Separator Using a RetardingBeam Technique", ibid.

Suresh Kumar, Eswaran, M.A., Mirgule, E.T. andRagoowansi, N.L. "A J = 11-Resonance at Ex = 33.8MeV in ^Si in the Reaction MMg(AUe,l2C)l6O", ibid.

Mirgule, E.T., Eswaran, M.A., Suresh Kumar andRagoowansi, N.L. "Excitation Functions of Elastic andInelastic Alpha Scattering from ^Si in the Energy RangeEa = 25.5 to 31.0 MeV", ibid.

Ajitanand, N.N. "Deep Sub-Barrier Fission: A TantalizingDomain of Low Energy Nuclear Physics", ibid. (InvitedTalks)

Goyal, P.S., Boland, B.C., Penfold, J., Taylor, A.D. andTomkinson, J. "Higher Librational Modes of NH4 ion inAmmonium Halides : High Resolution IncoherentInelastic Scattering Spectra", in Dynamics of MolecularCrystals (Ed.) Lascombe, J. (Elsevier Science Publishers)B.V. Amsterdam, 1987

Goyal, P.S., Dasannacharya, B.A., Carlile, C.J. and Ward,R.C. "Reorientations of NH4 ions in Ferroelectric Phaseof (NH2)2SO4", Phase Transitions 9, 67(1987)

Narasimhan, S.L., Goyal, J.P. and Dassanacharya, B.A."Trap Avoiding Walk : A Model for Polymer Growth",Solid State Phys. (India), 30C, 118(1987)

Goyal, P.S., Desa, J.A.E., Narasimhan, S.L.,Dasannacharya, B.A., Valaulikar, B.S., Kelkar, V.K. andManohar, C. "Small Angle Neutron Scattering


Measurements of Micelle to Gel Transition in Solutionsof CTAB and Sodium Salicylate", ibid., 30 C, 33(1987)

Kulshreshtha, S.K., Sastry, M.S., Goyal, P.S. andDasannacharya, B. A. "Quenching of Phase Transition inRb^M.HjPO/', ibid., 30 C, 340(1987)

Basu, S., Mukhopadhyay, R., Goyal, P.S. andDasannacharya, B.A, "A Low Loss Variable TemperatureCryostat for Neutron Scattering Experiments", ibid., 30C,444(1987)

Mukhopadhyay, R., Goyal, P.S. and Rao, K.R."Reorientational Motion of NH4 Ions in (NH^jSbF/,ibid., 30 C, 319(1987)

Goyal, P.S. "Use of Pulsed Neutron Sources in CondensedMatter Research : Some Recent Results", ibid., 29 A,19(1986)

Ghose, S., Hastings, J.M., Corliss, L.M., Rao, K.R.,Chaplot, S.L. and Choudhury, N. "Study of PhononDispersion Relations in Fbrsterite, Mg2SiO4 by InelasticNeutron Scattering", Solid State Comm. 63, 1045(1987)

Rao, K.R., Chaplot, S.L., Choudhury, N., Ghose, Subrataand Price, D.L. "Phonon Density of States and SpecificHeat of Forsterite, Mg2SiO4", Science 236, 6H(IJS7)

Rao, K.R. "Experimental Study of Fluctuations inMaterials", Current Science 56, 743(1987)

Kelkar, V.K. and Paranjpe, A.S. "Orientational OrderParameter of Liquid Crystals - A Simple Approach", Mol.Cryst. Liq. Cryst. (Letters) 4, 139(1987)

Paranjpe, A.S., Deniz, Usha K., Parvathanathan, P.S.,Amirthalingam, V. and Muralidharan, K.V. "Structure ofthe Shortrange Ordered Nematic Phases of nBABA (n=1to 9)", ibid., 149, 79(1987)

Singh, R.K., Gaur, N.K. and Chaplot, S.L. "LatticeDynamics of Molecular Calcite Crystals", Phys. Rev. B35, 4462(1987)

Singh, R.K., Gaur, N.K. and Chaplot, S.L. "LatticeMechanics of Monovalent Metal Nitrates", ibid., 36,5047(1987)

Chaplot, S.L. "Free Energy and the Relative Stability ofthe Phases of Solid Tetracyanoethylene with Pressure andTemperature", ibid., 36, 8471(1987)

Chaplot, S.L. "Potential Barriers for Molecular Rotationsin Solids", Phys. Status Solidi (b) 145(1988)

Deb, S.K. and Sood, A.K. "Interpolation Model forMolecular Reorientation in Gases and Liquids", PrarnanaJ. Phys., 28, 367(1987)

Dasannacharya, B.A., Dande, Y.D. and Chaddah, P."Uses of Superconductors", Science Today, August 1987

Jain, N.C. "Matrix Effects in Auger Analysis", ElectronSpectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 43, Cl (1987)

Khandekar, D.C., Bhagwat, K.V. and Wiegel, F.W. "MeanSquare Size of Polyelectroiytes: Analogy with the Polaron Problem", Mod. Phys. Lett. Bl, 19(1987)

Das, G.P., Bhagwat, K.V. and Sahni, V.C. "New PracticalMethod for Reconstruction of Electron Momentum Den-sity using Compton-Profile Data", Phys. Rev. A 36,2984(1987)

Sastry, M.D., Dalvi, A.G.I, and Bansal, M.L. "Absenceof Unusual Sequence of Commensurate - Incommen-surate Phase Transition in LiKSO4: An EPR Study usingan SO"2 Probe", J. Phys. C. Solid State Physics 20,1185(1987)

Sanyal, M.K., Sahni, V.C. and Dey, G.K. "Evidence forEndothermic Quasicrystalline-Crystalline Phase Transi-tions in Al6CuMg4", Nature 328, 704(1987)

Sanyal, M.K., Sahni, V.C., Dey, G.K. and Varshney, L."Phase Transitions in Quasicrystalline Al6CuMg4", Fhys.Rev. (Rap. Com.) B38, 2443(1987)

Ota, S.B. "Superconductivity in A15 Compounds UnderNonhydrostatic Stress", Phys. Rev. B 35, 8730(1987)

Das, G.P., Bhagwat, K.V. and Sahni, V.C. "New PracticalMethod for Reconstruction of Electron Momentum Den-sity Using Compton-profile Data", Phys. Rev. (Rap. Com.)A 36, 2984(1987)

Das, G.P., Ghosh, S.K. and Sahni, V.C. "On the Correla-tion Energy Density Functional in Momentum Space",Sol. St. Commun. (1987)

Ota, S.B. "Hydrostatic-Pressure Derivative of Tm and T.in A15 Compounds", Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 26-3, 931(1987)

Ota, S.B. "Superconductivity in Randomly StackedSuperconducting and Normal Layers", ibid., 1459(1987)

Sanyal, M.K., Sahni, V.C. and Das, G.P. "AMicroprocessor Based Energy Dispersive X-rayDiffractometer", Anal. Instr. 16, 281(1987)

Ota, S.B. "Structural Instability and Superconductivityin A15 Compounds", Phys. Tech. 29, 16(1987)

Sanyal, M.K., Sahni, V.C. and Dey, G.K. "EndothermicQuasicrystalline-to-Crystalline Phase Transition inAl6CuMg4", Pramana, 28, L709(1987)

Sanyal, M.K., Sahni, V.C. and Dey, G.K. "EndothermicQuasicrystalline-to-Crystalline Phase Transition in


Al6CuMg/, Pramana, 28, L709(1987)

Ota, S.B. "Effect of Non-hydrostatic Stress on theStructural Transition in A15 Compounds", Current Trendsin the Physics of Materials, ed. Yussouff, M. (WorldScientific: Singapore)

Choudhury, N., Chaplot, S.L., Rao, K.R. and Ghose, S."Lattice Dynamics of MgSiO3 Perovskite", ChapmanConference on Pervoskites - A Structure of Great Interestto Geophysics and Materials Science held at Bisbee,Arizona, Oct. 1987

Rao, K.R. and Dasannacharya, B.A. "Neutron Beamresearch in India and International Cooperation", Inter-national Symposium on Utilisation of MultipurposeResearch Reactors and Related International Cooperation,Grenoble, France, Oct. 1987

Rao, K.R. "Dynamics of Complex Crystals by NeutronScattering and Computer Experimental Techniques", ILL,Grenoble and LLB, Saclay (1987)

Rakhecha, V.C., Wagh, A.G. and Dasannacharya, B.A."Neutron Interferometry in India", InternationalWorkshop on Matter Wave Interferometry, Sept. (1987)

Deniz, Usha K. "Defects in Liquid Crystals", DiscussionMeeting on Physics of Extended Defects, University ofRoorkee, Roorkee, March (1987). (Invited Talks)

Datta, Geeta, Parvathanathan, P.S., Mirza, E.B. andDeniz, Usha K. "Effect of Lysozyme on the Phase Tran-sitions of the Model Membrane, DPPC-H2O", ThirdNational Symposium on Bio-Organic Chemistry,Hyderabad, July 1987

Deniz, Usha K., Parvathanathan, P.S., Datta, Geeta andMirza, E.B. "Thermal Studies of DPPC-Lysozyme-H2OSystem", Sixth National Symposium on Thermal Analysis,I.I.T., New Delhi, Dec. 1987

Mirza, E.B., Parvathanathan, P.S., Datta, Geeta andDeniz, Usha K. "Phase Changes in DPPC-H2O, Inducedby the Protein, Lysozyme", Sol. State Phys. Symp. (DAE),BARC, Bombay, Dec. 1987

Deniz, Usha K., Datta, Geeta, Parvathanathan, P.S. andMirza, E.B. "Phase Transitions in DPPE-H2O and theEffects of the Drug, DDS, on Them", 3rd National Con-ference on Surfactants, Emulsions and Biocolloids,Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Dec 1987

Bansal, M.L. "Photon Counting", IPA Seminar on PulseCounting Techniques held at BARC, Bombay, Dec. 1987(Invited Talks)

Pandhye, Subhash, Garge, Prafulla and Rao, K.R.P.M.

"Static and Dynamical Mossbauer Study of Light InducedValence State Changes in Iron (II) Model Complexes ofPhotosynthetic Bacterial Reaction Center", NationalSymposium on Unusual Valency States in CoordinateCompounds, BARC, Bombay, Nov. 1987

Chaplot, S.L. "Phonon Dispersion Relation inYBa2Cu307", Workshop on Theoretical Aspects of HighT. Superconductors, BARC, Bombay, 1987

Goyal, P.S. "Small Angle Neutron Scattering", Interna-tional Advanced School in Statistical Physics,Chandigarh, 1987

Dasannacharya, B.A., Dande, Y.D. and Paranjpe, S.K."Development of 1-D and 2-D Position Sensitive Detectorsat BARC", 7th National Symposium on RadiationPhysics, Mangalore, Nov. 1987

Chaplot, S.L. "Surface and Interface Vibrations", IIISERC School in Condensed Matter Physics on Physicsof Interfaces, BARC, Bombay, 1987 (Lecture)

Sanyal, M.K. "Phase Sensitive Detection", Seminar onPulse Processing Techniques in Radiation Detection andSpectrometry, Indian Physics Association, Dec. 1987

Sanyal, M.K. "BASIC Language Programming" and "PCBased Data Acquisition System for Position SensitiveDetector", IAEA-RCA Workshop on the 'Use of PersonalComputers for Laboratory Automation and DataAcquisition', Nov. 1987 (Invited Talks)

Ota, S.B. "Defects and High-T, Superconductor", Inter-national Advanced School in Statistical Physics, PunjabUniversity, Chandigarh, Sept. 1987

Sahni, V.C. "Review of Sensors, Signal Processing andSome Appli ,ations", ibid.

Chaddah, P. "Critical Current and Microstructure in HighTemperature Superconductors", Solid State PhysicsSymposium (1987)

Sanyal, M.K. "Structure and Stability of Quasicrystals",ibid.

Goyal, P.S., Desa, J.A.E., Narasimhan, S.L.,Dasannacharya, B.A., Valaulikar, B.S., Kelkar, V.K. andManohar, C. "Small Angle Neutron ScatteringMeasurements of Inicelle to Gel Transition in Solutionsof CTAB and Sodium Salicylate", ibid.

Desa, J.A.E., Wright, A.C. and Sinclair, R.N. "A NeutronDiffraction Study of the Structure of Vitreous Germania",ibid.

Sahu, P.Ch., Barathan, R., Yousuf, Mohammad,


Govinda Rajan, K., Mukhopadhyay, R., Chaplot, S.L.and Rao, K.R. "High Pressure Electrical ResistivityMeasurement in Tetracyanoetylene", ibid.

Pandhye, Subhash, Garge, Prafulla and Rao, K.R.P.M."Static and Dynamical Mossbauer Study of light InducedValence State Changes in Iron (II) Model Complexes ofPhotosynthetic Bacterial Reaction Center", ibid.

Padmanabhan, V.M., Sana, Subimal, Purushottam, K.V.,Bose, S.K., Rao, K.R.P.M., Nagarajan, R., Kulkarni, P.G.,Vijayaraghavan, R., Singh, Jagmohan. Yadava, V.S. andRao, C.N. "X-ray Stress Analyser", ibid.

Sanyal, M.K., Sahni, V.C., Varshney, L., Dey, G.K, andBanerjee, S. "Structural Relaxation in Al5CuMg4

Quasicrystal", ibid.

Rao, K.&., Sequeira, A., Paranjpe, S.K., Sanyal, M.K.,Raghunathan, V.S. and Kumar, Vijay "Neutron and X-ray Diffraction from Quasi-Crystalline Al-Mn-Fe System",ibid.

Narasimhan, S.L., Goyal, P.S. and Dasannacharya, B.A."A Self-avoiding Walk Model for Polymer Growth", ibid.

Choudhury, N., Chaplot, S.L., Rao, K.R. "LatticeDynamics of MgSiOj Perovskite", ibid.

Choudhury, N., Chaplot, S.L., Rao, K.R. "Thermal Ex-pansion and Melting Point Studies of ForsteriteMg2SiO4", ibid.

Kumar, Ravi G. and Chaddah, P. "A Model to Explainthe Resistive Transition in Superconducting Composites",ibid.

Chaplot, S.L. "Phonon Spectrum and Related Propertiesin YBajC^O/, ibid.

Deb, S.K. and Roy, A.P. "Photoacoustic Study of HighT Compound YBa2Cu3O7 x", ibid.

Rao, T.V. Chandrasekhar, Ota, S.B, and Sahni, V.C. "X-ray Diffraction Analysis of Y2BaCuO5", ibid.

Ota, S.B., Varshney, L., Rao, TV. Chandrasekhar andSahni, V.C. "Oxygen Evolution and Metal to Semicon-ductor Transition in YBa2Cu3O7 y", ibid.

Rao, TV. Chandrasekhar, Ota, S.B., Varshney, L.,Viswanadham, Ch.S., Khan, K.B. and Sahni, V.C."Structural Instability in La2CuO4 ", ibid.

Malik, M.K., Nair, V.D., Raghavan, R.V., Chaddah, P.,Mishra, P.K., Kumar,G. Ravi and Dasannacharya, B.A."Development of Silver Encased Superconducting Wiresof YBa2Cu3O7", ibid.

Mukhopadhyay, R., Goyal, P.S. and Rao, K.R.

"Reorientation Motion of Nh4 Ions in (NH4)SbF}", ibid.

Bhargava, S.C. "Fluctuations and Spin Glass Behaviourin LiaLa.'Fej 4Og: A Low Temperature Mossbauer Studyusing External Field", ibid.

Kulshreshtha, S.K., Sastry, M.S., Goyal, P.S. andDasannacharya, B.A. "Quenching of Phase Transition inRb,.xMxH2PO4", ibid.

Ingale, Alka, Bansal, M.L. and Roy, A.P. "ResonantRaman Scattering from HgTe", ibid.

Paranjpe, S.K. and Dande, Y.D. "Neutron Diffractometerwith Position Sensitive Detector", ibid.

Dande, Y.D., Paranjpe, S.K., Shenoy, G.V. and Udyavar,R.S. "Linear Position Sensitive Thermal NeutronDetector", ibid.

Basu, Saibal, Mukhopadhyay, R., Goyal, P.S. andDasannacharya, B.A. "A Low Loss Variable TemperatureCryostat for Neutron Scattering Experiments", ibid.

Ingale, Alka and Bansal, M.L. "A 2.5 Watt Argon IonLaser for Light Scattering", ibid.

Vijayaraghavan, P.R. and Rao, K.R. "InteractiveOperational Features and Instrumental Parameters of theTriple Axis Spectrometer at Dhruva", ibid.

Sanyal, M.K., Ota, S.B. and Sahni, V.C. "System forMinimization of Digitization Error on a PSD System: APerformance Report", ibid.

Sanyal, M.K., Joshi, J.N., Dande, Y.D. andDasannacharya, B.A. "Personal Computer Based LinearPSD", ibid.

Ota, S.B., Rao, T.V. Chandrasekhar and Sahni, V.C. "ASimple Variable Temperature Resistance MeasurementSetup", ibid.

Rao, N.V.S., Alapati, P.R., Pisipati, V.G.K.M. andParanjpe, A.S. "X-ray Diffraction Studies of the LiquidCrystalline Phases of 50.5", ibid.

Jain, N.C. and Kumar, Lalit "Surface Composition of Cr-Fe Alloys Using AES", ibid.

Ingale, Alka and Bansal, M.L. "Design and Fabricationof a 2.5 Watt Argon Ion Laser", BARC/I-908, 1987

Chaddah, P., Dande, Y.D., Dasannacharya, B.A., Malik,M.K. and Raghavan, R.V. "Superconductivity in PowerEngineering", BARC-1376

Pasupathy, C.S. et.al. "Safety Assessment of Purnima III: 233U-A1 Alloy Plate Fuelled Water Moderated BeOReflected Zero Energy Critical Assembly", BARC/I-928,1987


Sanyal, M.K. "Study of Phase Transitions in Quasi-crystalline Al6CuMg4 System Using EDXRD and OtherTechniques", Ph.D. Thesis, Bombay University

Srinivasan, M. et.al. "233U Fuelled Low Critical MassSolution Reactor Experiment PURNIMA IF, Interna-tional Seminar on Nuclear Criticality, Tokyo, Oct 1987

Srinivasan, M. et.al. "Application of Trombay Criticali-ty Formula in the Assessement of Nuclear CriticalitySafety Problems", ibid.

Srinivasan, M. et.al. "Experimental Determination of Keffof Highly Subcritical Enriched Fissile Units ThroughStatistical Correlation Techniques", ibid.

Srinivasan, M. et.al. "Potential Impact of Fusion Breederson the Growth of Nuclear Power in India", BARC/I-918,1988

Srinivasan, M. "Fusion-Fission Hybrid Systems as a Pro-spective Nuclear Power Source", IV National Symposiumon Plasma Science and Technology, Gandhi Nagar,Ahmedabad, Dec. 1987 (Invited Talks)

Ramakrishna, D.V.S., Kumar, A. and Schaer, M."Measurement of Neutron Intensity of a (d,t) Source usingSolid State Nuclear Track Detectors", V NationalSymposium on Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors,Calcutta, March 1987

Ramakrishna, D.V.S. "Project Work for theUndergraduate Students on the Application of SSTRTechniques to Neutron Physics Studies", ibid.

Joneja, O.P., Nargundkar, V.R. and Basu, T.K. "14 MeVNeutron Multiplication in Lead", Fusion Technology, 12July 1987

Nargundkar, V.R., Basu, T.K. and Joneja, O.P."Re-analysing of Neutron Multiplication Measurementsin Thick Beryllium and Graphite Assemblies for 14 MeVNeutrons", ibid., Nov 1987

Rao, K. Subba et.al. "Remarks on Criticality Data ofMinor and Major Actinides", International Seminar onCriticality Safety, Tokyo, Oct. 1987

Garg, S.B. and Kapoor, S.S. "Determination of LevelDensity Parameters by Analysing (n,2n) and (n,3n) Cross-sections with Geometry Dependent Hybrid Model",Nuclear Physics Symposium, Bombay, Dec. 1987

Degwekar, S.B. and Sinha, Amar "Multiplicity Spectrumof Leakage Neutrons from Fissionable Materials", Ann.Nucl. Energy 14, 571(1987)

Kley, W., Bishop, G.R. and Sinha, Amar "Limitations of

14 MeV Neutron Simulation Techniques", Third Interna-tional Conf. on Fusion Reactor Materials, Oct. 1987

Kaushik, T.C. and Godwal, B.K. "Laser-driven ShockPressure Enhancement in Plane-Layered Ch2-Pt Targets",Phys. Rev. (Rap. Comm.) A36(10), 5095(1987)

Rout, R.K. et.al. "Preliminary Studies of thePhenomenology of Electrode Plasma Injection in aPlasma Focus", V International Workshop on PlasmaFocus and Z-Pinch Research, Toledo, Spain, June 30,1987

Auiuck, S.K.H. "Origin of Anomalous Fusion Reactivityof the Plasma Focus", ibid.

Rout, R.K. et.al. "Fast Photographic Diagnostics on aSquirrel Cage Plasma Focus", IV National Symposiumon Plasma Science and Technology, Gandhinagar, Dec.1987Sikka, S.K. and Godwal, B.K. "A Simple Method toEstimate Pressure of Narrow Full Core Levels", Phys. Rev.B35, 1446(1987)

Gyanchandani, Jyoti S. et.al. "On the Valence Transitionin Shocked Ytterbium", Proceedings of APD.S TopicalConference on Shock Waves in Condensed Matter, 1987

Godwal, B.K., Sikka, S.K. and Chidambaram, R. "ShockHugoniot Calculations and Melting in Pb", Pramana, J.Phys. 29, 93(1987)

Sharma, S.M. et.al. "A Two Strain Mechanism of PressureInduced Body Centred Tetragonal to Hexagonal ClosePacked Transition in Hg and Hgx Cd, x Alloys", Phys.Rev. B36, 7730(1987)

Gupta, S.C. et.al. "On the Valence 2 -* 3 Transition inShocked Europium", Physics of Materials, Ed. M.Yussouff, p. 46, World Scientific Publishing Co.,Singapore, 1987

Godwal, B.K. and Sikka, S.K. "On the Shock Anomalyin Sc", ibid.

Sikka, S.K. and Vijayakumar, V. "Electronic StructureChanges at High Pressure", Springer-Verlag, 223,210(1987)

Vaidya, S.N., Sikka, S.K. and Holzapfel, W.B. "X-rayDiffraction Study on CeAl3 upto 25 GPa", Proceedingsof IV Int. Conf. on Valence Fluctuations, 1987

Gupta, Y.M. and Gupta, S.C. "Incorporation of StrainHardening in Piezoresistance Analysis : Application toYtterbium Foils in a PMMA Matrix", J. Appl. Phys. 61,489(1987)

Sikka, S.K. et.al. "Unusual High Pressure Phase of


LiKSO4 : Amorphous Solid or Liquid ?", Solid StatePhysics (India), 30C, 37(1987)

Sikka, S.K. "Pressure Induced Electronic StructureChanges in Elements", ibid., 30A, (1987)

Vijayakumar, V. and Godwal, B.K. "Structural Stabilityin In-Pb Alloy Under Pressure", ibid., 30C, 336(1987)

Vijayakumar, V. "High Pressure Investigations on SomeMetals and Alloys", ibid., 29C, 16(1986)

Vijayakumar, V. et.al. "Structural Stability of PrPt andLaPt Under Pressure", 30C, 337(1987)

Vijayakumar, V. et.al. "High Pressure Investigations onthe Heavy Fission Material UPt3 at 300° K", Vth Inter-national Conference on Valence Fluctuations, Bangalore,India, 1987

Sharma, S.M. et.al. "Mechanism of Pressure InducedTetiagonal to hep Transition in Hg and CdHg Alloys",XI AIRAPT Conference, Kiev, USSR (1987)

Gupta, Satish C. et.al. "Piezoresistance Response ofYtterbium Foils in Shocked Liquid CS2", Proceedings ofAPS Topical Conference on Shock Waves in CondensedMatter, 1987

Gupta, Satish C , Sikka, S.K. and Chidambaram, R."Theoretical Equation of State of Curium up to 50 GPa",Solid State Physics Symposium, 139, BARC, Bombay,1987

Wadhawan, V.K. and Gupta, L.C. (Eds.) "High-Temperature Superconductors", Phase Transitions (SpecialIssue) 10, 1(1987)

Wadhawan, V.K. "A New Classification.of Twinning inCrystals", Phase Transitions, 9, 297(1987)

Wadhawan, V.K. "The Generalized Curie Principle, theHermann Theorem, and the Symmetry of MacroscopicTensor Properties of Composites", Mat. Res. Bull. 22,651(1987)

Wadhawan, V.K. "The Curie-Shubnikov Principle ofSymmetry", Physics News, 18, 19(1987)

Wadhawan, V.K. "Twinning in Fenroic and NonferroicCrystals", XIV International Congress of Crystallography,Perth (1987) (Invited Talks)

Somayazulu, M.S. and Wadhawan, V.K. "TemperatureDependence of Spontaneous Strain in FerroelasticThallous Nitrate", DAE Solid State Phys. Symp., BARC,Bombay (1987)

Wadhawan, V.K. and Sastry, P.U.M. "Hermann'sTheorem and Transverse Isotropy of Elastic and

Photoelastic Behaviour of Laminated Composites", ibid.

Roul, B.K., Choudhary, R.N.P., Rajagopal, H. andSequeira, A. "A Neutron Structural Study of Semicar-bazide HC1", Acta Cryst., C43, 668(1987)

Roul, B.K., Choudhary, R.N.P., Rajagopat, H. andSequeira, "A Neutron Diffraction Study of PartiallyDeutcrated Semi-Carbazide HCJ", Zeh. fur. Krist. (1987)

Sequeira, A. "Structural Aspects of High Tc Supercon-ductors", XIX Natl. Seminar on Cryst., Changanacherry,Dec 1987

Sequeira, A. et.al. "Neutron Diffraction fromY-Ba-Cu-O", ibid.

Mazumdar, S. and Sequeira, A. "On Multiple Small AngleScattering", Intl. Cong. Cryst. Penh, Aug. 1987

Sequeira, A. et.al. "A Precision Neutron Study of theStructure of Tetra-aquabis (Hydrogen Maleato) Zinc (II)",ibid.

Padmanabhan, V.M. and Jakkal, V.S. "Structure ofCyclo-(L-Methionyl-L-Prolyl)", Acta Crystallographica,C43, 349, 1987

Padmanabhan, V.M. and Pate!, R.P. "Structure cf(2,2'-bipyridyl) (4-hydroxy-L-prolinato) PalladiumChloride Dihydrate", ibid., C43, 1064(1987)

Padmanabhan, V.M. et.al. "Structure of(2,4-dinitrophenolato) (triethanolamine) Lithium", ibid., C43,1061(1987)

Padmanabhan, V.M. et.al. "Structure of 5-hydroxy-8-9-dimethoxy Dimethyl Pyrano Xanthene", ibid., C43,553(1987)

Padmanabhan, V.M. et.al. "The Crystal and MolecularStructure of Calcium Bipyridyl Picrate", ibid., A43,C-177(1987)

Patel, R.P. and Padmanabhan, V.M. "Crystal Structureof (L-prolinato)-(2-2'-bipyridyl) Palladium ChlorideTrihydrate", ibid., A43, C-183(1987)

Puri, R.R. and Agarwal, G.S. "Fmite-Q Cavity Elec-trodynamics: Dynamical and Statistical Aspects", Phys.Rev. 35, 3433(1987)

Puri, R.R. and Agarwal, G.S. "Can an Atom Decay ina Cavity", Symp. on Q. Electronics (1986)

Puri, R.R. and Bullough, R.K. "Dynamical and StatisticalProperties of N Rydberg Atoms in Two-Photon Transi-tions in an Ideal Cavity", VIII Q.E. Conference, St.Andrews, U.K. (1987)

BARC. AtSNOAL REPORT- 1987 21

Puri, R.R. and Jayarao, A. "Effects of Atomic NumberFluctuations on the System of Two Level Atoms in aLow-Q Cavity", Symp. on Q. Electronics (1986)

Lawandc, S.V., D'Souza, R. and Pun, R.R. "Effects ofDetuning and Fluctuations in Fluorescence Radiationfrom a Strongly Driven Three-level Atoms: SomeAnalytical Results", Phys. Rev. A36, 3228(1987)

Khandekar, D.C., Bhagwat, K.V. and Lawande, S.V. "Onthe Density of Electronic States of Two-dimensional Posi-tionally Disordered Systems with Weak Electron-ionPotential", Intl. J. Mod. Phys. Bl(1987)

Gupta, N.K. and Lawande, S.V. "Comment on Rayleigh-Taylor Instability in Spherical Geometry", Phys. Rev. A36,413(1987)

Gupa, N.K. "Rayleigh-Taylor Instability in Inertial Con-finement Fusion", BARC-1372 (1987)

Ashok Kumar "Onset of Deformation in Nuclei atN=60", Symp. on Nucl. Phys. 30B, 168(1987)

Sahni, D.C. and Vinod Kumar "Numerical Solution ofSingular Integral Equations of Neutron TransportProblems", Tramp. Theory and Stats. Phys. 16,959(1987)

Vinod Kumar and Menon, S.V.G. "Branch Selectivity ina System Crossing a Bifurcation Point: Fokker-PlanckEquation Approach", Physica 144A, 374(1987)

Dhara, A.K. and Menon, S.V.G. "Relaxation of anUnstable System Driven by a Coloured Noise", Journalof Statistical Phys. 46, 743(1987)

Paranjape, S.D. and Sahni, D.C. "The Effect of theAngular Dispersion Term on Energy Deposition of Fasta-Particles Slowing Down in a D-T Plasma", Plasma Phys.and Controlled Fusion, 29, 367(1987)

Paranjape, S.D. and Sahni, D.C. "Semianalytical Solutionto the Fokker-Planck Equation for Energy Deposition ofFast a-Particles Slowing Down in a D-T Plasma", Kern-technik SO, 58(1987)

Paranajape, S.D. and Sahni, D.C. "Solution of the Fokker-Planck Equation in 1-Dimensional Spherical Geometry forCharged Particle Energy Deposition", 7th National Symp.on Radiation Phys. (1987)

Paranjape, S.D. "Charged Particle Transport in InertialConfinement Fusion Plasma", Ph.D Thesis, University ofBombay (1987)

Parab, H.D. and Chandra, S. "One-Dimensional ICFTarget Simulation Taking Account of Neutron HeatingEffect", BARC/I-925 (1987)

Parab, H.D. and Chandra, S. "CASTOR IEIwo-Dimensional Simulations of Laser Targets', BARC/I-929(1987)

Parab, H.D. and Chandra, S. "Simultaneous Solution ofTmperature Equations ir; Plasma with Rapid Equiparti-tion Rates (for MEDUSA Code)", BARC/I-930, (1987)

Raghav, Hem Prabha "Lcgendre Expansion of NeutronFlux Over Entire Multilayer Slab Geometry", Annals ofNucl. Energy 14, 263(1987)

Jain, V.K. and Gupta, H.P. "A Hypothetical Control RodDrop Accident Analysis for the TWBR 7x7 Fuel*,BARC/I-893 (1987)

Gupta, H.P., Nakra, A.N. and Srinivasan, K.R. "LatticePhysics of NAPP-19 Rod Fuel Cluster Using NeutronTransport Formalism", 7th NSRP 0987)

Jain, V.K. and Gupta, H.P. "Space-Time Kinetics Analysisfor CANDU-PHWRs", ibid.

Nakra, A.N. and Srinivasan, K.R. "Analysis of IntegralMeasurements of Uranium Oxide Cluster Using NeutronTransport Formalism", ibid.

Gupta, H.C. "PHWR Superceli Calculations by MonteCarlo", ibid.

Dwivedi, S.R. and Gupta, H.C. "Biasing Tcch-niques forMultiple Reaction Rate Calculations by Monte Carlo",ibid.

Dhara, A.K. and Ghosh, S.K. "Density FunctionalTheory for Time Dependent Systems", Phys. Rev. A35,442(1987)

Lakshmi, M. and Nakra, A.N. "Followup Studies WithThorium Loading in NAPP Core", ThPd/Note/313 0987)

Nakra, A.N. and Lakshmi, M. "Core OptimizationStudies With Thorium in NAPP", ThPD/Note/314 (1987)

Nakra, A.N. and Lakshmi, M. "Shutdown Systems W>rthCalculations with Thorium Loading in NAPP",ThPD/Note/315 (1987)

Nakra, A.N., Gupta, H.P. and Srinivasan, K.R."Calculation of Lattice Parameters for NAPP Lattice atVarious Conditions of the Core", ThPD/Note/317 (1987)

Fang, Z., Redi, O., Stroke, H.H., Neugart, R., Ahmad,S.A., Duong, H.T. and Wendt, K. "Hyper Fine Structureand Isotope Shift in Heavy Atoms", Advances in LaserScience-I, (Ed.) William Stawalley and Marshall Lapp,403(1986)

Naik, R.C. and Krupa, J.C. "Laser Excitation of Pr3*


Sites in ThCl/Pr3*", J. Luminescence 36, 161(1986)

Sankaran, A.V., Jayaswal, B., Nambi, K.S.V. and Sunta,CM. "U, Th and K Distribution from Regional Geologyand the Terrestrial Radiation Profiles in India", SpecialPublication, BARC(1986)

Ulm, G., Bhattacharjee, S.K., Dabkicwicz, P., Huber, G.,Kluge, H.J., Kuhl, T., Lochmann, H., Otten, E.W., Wendt,K., Ahmad, S.A., Klempt, W. and Neugart, R. "IsotopeShift of 182Hg and an Update of Nuclear Moment andCharge Radii in the Isotope Range l81Hg - ^Hg", Z.Phys (A). Atomic Nuclei. 325, 347(1986)

Agrawal, R.M. and Kapoor, S.K. "Effect of SomeImportant Sample Parameters on the X-ray FluorescenceDetermination for Impurities in Pure Materials. Deter-mination of Ca, Y, Gd and Th in Uranium", X-raySpectrometry 16, 81(1987)

Ahmad, S.A., Rao, Pushpa M. and Saksena, G.D."Determination of Crossed Seconds Order Field Shift in8F and 6F Terms of 4i*(7F)6S Configuration of Sm+", Z.Phys. D6, 227(1987)

Ahmad, S.A., Rao, Pushpa M., Venugopalan, A. andSaksena, G.D. "Evaluation of Changes in Mean SquareNuclear Charge Radii of Stable Isotopes of Erbium",Hyperfine Interactions 34, 17(1987)

Chandola, L.C. and Khanna, P.P. "Determination of RareEarth Impurities in High Purity Lutetium Oxide by X-rayFluorescence Spectrometry", Ind. J. Pure and Appl. Phys.25, 157(1987)

Chen, Z., Murty, P.S. and Barnes, R.M. "A SampleTransfer Technique for the Analysis of Trimethyl Galliumby ICP-AES with Exponential Dilution Technique", Appl.Spectrosc 41(2), 333(1987)

Lakshminarayana, G. and Shetty, B.J. "RotationalAnalysis of the a 3n-X)Z+ Bands of GaD", J. Mol. Spec-trosc. 122, 417(1987)

Madan Lai, Choudhury, R.K. and Agrawal, R.M."Optimisation of Geometry for X-ray Analysis ofMaterials in Rare Earth Region", X-ray Spectromctry16(1), 23(1987)

Murty, M.V.R.K., Shukla, R.P., Bhattacharya, S.S. andKrishnamurty, G. "Design and Fabrication of a Czerny

Turner Monochromator-Cum-Spectrograph",BARC-1362 (1987)

Murty, P.S. and Barnes, R.M. "Determination of TraceElements in Trimethyl Aluminium by Inductively CoupledPlasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry", Appl. Spectrosc.41, 851(1987)

Neuschaefer, D., Ottinger, Ch. and Shanna, A."Observation of a Long Lived Nitrogen beam Afterglowand Life Time Measurements on the N2(W

3Au) State",Chem. Phys. 117, 133(1987)

Ray, A.K., Shanna, S.D. and Saksena, G.D. "Bound-FreeTransitions and the Dissociation Limit", Pramana, J.Phys. 29, 497(1987)

Prasad, C.V.V., Bhale, G.L. and Reddy, S. Paddi "TheThird Positive (b3Z+-a3 nr) System of CO. Observationof the v=2 Level of b3Z+l", J. Mol. Spectrosc. 121,261(1987)

Saraswathy, P. and Krishnamurthy, G. "RotationalAnalysis of Aln-X1Z+ Bands of P14N and PI3NPerturbation Studies in the Aln State", ibid., 29,53(1987)

Sheila Gopal and Lakshminarayana, G. "Isotope ShiftStudies in the Spectrum of BS", ibid., 28(2), 159(1987)

Shanna, A., Bhale, G.L., Razvi, M.A.N. and Dixit, M.N."Laser Induced Photodissociation of NaRb Molecule",Opt. Comm. 61(1), 21(1987)

Shukla, R.P. "Measurement of Refractive Index of aLiquid or Glass using Murty Interferometer", Ind. J. Pureand Appl. Phys. 25, 90(1987)

Singh, Kuldeep,* Kartha, V.B. and D'Cunha, R."Optogalvanic Studies in CO2 Discharges at LowPressures", Spectroscopy Letters 20(1), 17(1987)

Wallmeroth, K., Gollen, G., Dohn, A., Egelhof, P.,Gniner, J., Lindenlauf, F., Kronen, U., Campos, J.,Rodriguez, Yanta A., Borge, M.J.G., Venugopalan, A.,Wood, J.L., Moore, R.B. and Kluge, H.J. "SuddenChange in the Nuclear Charge Distribution of Very LightGold Isotopes", Phys. Rev. Letts. 58, 1516(1987)

Wallmerotha, K., Bollen, G., Borge, M.J.G., Campos, J.,Dohn, A., Egelhof, P., Gruner, J., Kugle, H.J., Kronen,U., Lindenlauf, F., Moore, R.B., Rodriguez, A.,Venugopalan, A., Wood, J.L. and ISOLDE Collabora-tion "Nuclear Shape Transition in Neutron-Deficient GoldIsotopes", Hyperfine Interactions 34, 21(1987)

Wendt, K., Ahmad, S.A., Klempt, W., Neugart, R.,Otten, E.W., Stroke, H.H. "On the Hyperfine Structureand Isotope Shift in Radium", Z. Physik, D4,227(1987)

Sharma, S.D. "Sequential Two Photon Photo Excitationand Photo Ionisation Experiments", Annual Meeting ofLasers and Spectroscopy Society of India, CochinUniversity, Cochin, Dec 1986 (Invited Talks)

Ahmad, S.A. "Lasers in Nuclear Physics", Winter Col-lege in At. and Mol. Phys., ICTP Trieste, Italy, March


1987. (Invited Talks)

Kartha, V.B. "High Resolution Infrared Diode Laser Spec-troscopy of Some Simple Polyatomic Molecules", JointIndo-Hungarian Symp. on Mol. Spectrosc, Budapest,April 1987. (Invited Talks)

Ahmad, S.A , Rao, Pushpa M. and Saksena, G.D."Determination of Crossed-Second Order Field Shift in8F and 6F Terms of 4f5(7F)6S Configuration of Sm+",LAMP. ICTP Trieste Italy, March 1987

Ahmad, S.A., Bhowmik, G.K. and Kartha, V.B. "LaserSpectroscopic Studies on Pulsed Hollow CathodeDischarges", ibid.

Rout, R.K., Auluck, S.K.H., Anurag Shyam, Kulkarni,L.V., Raja Rao, Meenakshi P., Padmanabhan, Saraswathyand Krishnamurty, G. "Preliminary Studies on thePhenomenology of Electrode Plasma Injection in aPlasma Focus", Fifth International Workshop on PlasmaFocus and Z-Pinch Research, Toledo, Spain, June 1987

Bhale, G.L., Dixit, M.N., Razvi, M.A.N. and Sharma,A. "Laser Induced Photodissociation and ExcitationEnergy Transfer Studies in Alkali Molecules", FirstNational Symp. on Lasers and Applications, LIT. KanpurDec. 1987

Nayak, A.K., Venkitachalam, T.V., Rama Rao, K.V.S.R.and Krishnamachari, S.L.N.G. "Infrared MultiphotonsDissociation of Thiophene Vapour", ibid.

Dixit, M.N., Sule, M.J., Razvi, M.A.N andKrishnamachari, S.L.N.G. "Laser Level Monitor forProcess Control Seminar on Lasers and Applications",VJTI Bombay, Dec. 1987

Sharma, A. "Laser Induced Photodissociation in AlkaliMolecules", Young Physicists Colloquium. Indian PhysicsAssociation, Calcutta, Sept. 1987

Nair, S.V., Sinha, S. and Rustagi, K.C. "Quantum SizeEffects in Spherical Semiconductor Microcrystals", Phys.Rev. 35, 4098(1987)

Rustagi, K.C. "Composite Optical Materials", Int.Workshop on Physics of Materials, Delhi, Nov. 1987

Singh, Sunita "Short Pulse Generation from Flash LampPumped Rhodamine 6 G Ring Dye Laser Using LPMTechnique", Appl. Optics, Jan. 1987

Goswami, B.K. and Biswas, D.J. "Effect of Detuning onSingle-Mode Modulated Laser", Phys. Rev. A, 36,975(1987)

Bapna, R.C., Verma, R.L., Joshi, D.N. and Limaye, M.A.

"Development of Electronic Stroboscope", Nat. Symp. onInstrum., Chidambaram, Oct. 1987

Verma, R.L., Bapna, R.C. and Joshi, D.N. "Fabricationand Characterization of Glass Micro Balloons", Coll. forYoung Physicist, Calcutta, Aug 1987

Bapna, R.C., Verma, R.L. and Joshi, D.N. "Preparationof Spherical Microtargets for Laser Plasma", IV Nat.Symp. on Plasma Sci. and Tech., Gandhinagar, Dec. 1987

Kukreja, L.M., Joshi, V.B., Bhagwat, A.M., Chatterjee,U.K. and Bhawalkar, D.D. "Investigations on Enhance-ment in Track Revelation Sensitivity of CR.39 due to LaserTreatment", Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B28, 369(1987)

Kukreja, L.M. "Irreversible Softening in ThermoselPolymer-Allyl Diglyed Carbonate due to LaserTreatment", J. Appl. Poly. Sci. 33, 985(1987)

Pant, H.C. "Inertial Fusion-Recent Advances", Nat.Symp. on Plasma Sci. and Tech., Bhat, Dec. 1987

Gupta, P.D., Naik, P.A., Kumbhare, S.R. and Nandwana,P.D. "Space and Time Resolved X-ray SpectroscopicStudies in Laser Produced Plasmas", ibid.

Sharma, S. and Khardekar, R.K. "Demonstration ofNon-linear Forces in 1.06 pm Laser Plasma", ibid.

Khardekar, R.K. and Sharma, S. "Variable Point AbelInversion Technique Analysing Complex X-ray Pin-holePictures", ibid.

Dhareshwar, L..\, Naik, P.A., Nandwana, P.D. and Pant,H.C. "Characteristics of Plasma Flow from LaserIrradiated Planar Thin Foil Targets", J. Appl. Phys., 61,4458(1987)

Sinha, B.K. and Kumbhare, S.R. "Temperature andTurbulance Diagnostics of Laser Produced Plasmas fromthe Wavelength Shifts of 3/2 Wo Emission", PlasmaPhysics and Controlled Fusion 29, 1037(1987)

Sinha, B.K., Kumbhare, S.R. and Gupta, C.P. "Profileof 3/2 Wo Emission from Laser Produced Plasmas", Phys.Rev. A, 36(1987)

Bajaj, P.N. and Chakraborti, P.K. "Characterization ofSupersonic Beams of Polyatomic Mc'.jcules", Chem. jPhys. 104, 41(1986)

Vas Dev, Nundy, U., Shikarkhane, N.S., Gupta, P.K. andChatterjee, U.K. "Thermal Effects of Intracavity OpticalComponents on the Power Tuning Curve in a Cw CO,User", Opt. Comm. 57(2), 107(1986)

Kartha, V.B., Job, V.A. and Chakraborti, P.K."Applicatior of High Resolution Infrared Diode Laser


Spectroscopy", J. Ind. Chem. Soc., LXIII, 22, 1986

Job, V.A., Kartha, S.B., Kartha.V.R and Thakur, K.B."Rotational Analysis of the V. Band of NHJD", J. Mol.Spectr. 12, 205(1986)

Apparao, K.V.S.R. and Sahoo, N.K. "Design andDevelopment of a Thin Finn Dielectric Beam Combiner",Bull. Mat. Sci. 8, 343(1986)Sharma, S.D., Ray, A.K. and Saksena, CD. "ConstantEnergy Difference Sequential Two Photon Photoexcita-tion of Excited States", Chem. Phys. Letts. 127(4),319(1986)

Sarkar, S.K., Parthasarathy, V., Rama Rao, K.V.S. andMittal, Jai P. "IR Multiple-Photon Excitation in CDF,Probed by Pulsed Opto-Acoustic Technique", J.Photochem. 35, 13(1986)

Sarkar, S.K., Palit, D.K., Rama Rao, K.V.S. and Mittal,J.P. "Real Time Observation of CF2 Formation in theInfrared Multi-Photon Dissociation of Fluoroform-d",Chem. Phys. Letts. 131, 303(1986)

Chandrasekharaiah, M.S., Dharwadkar, S.R. and Das, D."High Temperature Phase Diagram of Re-U, Ta-U andW-U", Z. Metallkunde BD, 77 (H.8) 509(1986)

Das, D. and Chandrasekharaiah, M.S. "Platinum PointReference in the Calibration of Visual Disappearing Fila-ment Optical Pyrometer", High lemp. Science 21,161(1986)

Bhowmick, G.K., Manohar, K.G., Ahmad, S.A. andKartha, V.B. "Investigation of Dynamics of Atomic Statesin a Pulsed Hollow Cathode Discharge Using HighResolution Laser Spectroscopy", VI National Workshopon Atomic and Molecular Physics, Varanasi, Dec. 1986

Ahmad, S.A., Lai, R, Mago, V.K. and Ray, A.K."Identification of New Levels of Uranium Above 35000cm"1 Using Laser Photoionization Spectroscopy", IVQuantum Electronics Symposium, Cochin University,Dec. 1987

Bhowmick, G.K., Ahmad, S.A. and Kartha, V.B. "LaserSpectroscopic Studies on Pulsed Hollow CathodeDischarge", ibid.

Vas Dev, Nundy, U., Biswas, D.J. and Chatterjee, U.K."Heterodyne Frequency Stability Measurement of a CW-CO2 Laser", ibid.

Kapoor, Rakesh, Ray, A.K., Suri, B.M., Mago, V.K. andSaksena, G.D. "Two Step optogalvanic Studies PulsedLasers", ibid.

Mago, V.K., Lai, B. and Ray, A.K. "Two Step

Photoionization of Uranium Using Nd-YAG Pumped DyeLaser", ibid.

Mago, V.K., Ray, A.K., Kapoor, R., Joshi, A., Bhatia,M.S. and Suri, B.M. "Two Colour Photoionization ofUI", ibid.

Bajaj, P.N.-"Instrumentation and Experimental Tech-nique in Molecular Beams", Current Trends in Experi-mental Techniques in Photo and Radiation Chemistry,BARC, Dec 1986 (Invited Talks)

Apparao, K.V.S.R. and Sahoo, N.K. "Measurement ofOptical Losses in Thin-films Using Laser Calorimeter",ibid.

Lawande, S.V. and Joshi, A. "Co-operative Effects on theSide Band Correlations in Resonance Fluorescence", ibid.

Joshi, A. and Pun, R. "The Effects of Binomial FieldDistribution on the Collapse and Revival Phenomena inthe Jaynes-Cummings Mode ", ibid.

Rao, P.R.K. "Laser Spectroscopy and Laser IsotopeSeparation", Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, April1986 (Invited Talks)

Rao, P.R.K. "Some Recent Work in Laser Spectroscopyof Atoms", IIT, Madras, April 1986 (Invited Talks)

Rao, P.R.K. "Some Recent Work in Laser Spectroscopyof Molecules", ibid.

Rao, P.R.K. "Classical Spectroscopy and FundamentalPhysics", Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, November1986 (Invited Talks)

Rao, P.R.K. "Laser Spectroscopy in FundamentalPhysics", ibid. (Invited Talks)

Rao, P.R.K. "Laser Spectroscopy in Laser IsotopeSeparation", ibid. (Invited Talks)

Dasgupta, K. "Nitrogen Lasers and Dye Lasers", ibid.(Invited Talks)

Kapoor, R. "Use of Boxcar Averagers in Time ResolvedStudies", ibid. (Invited Talks)

Biswas, D.J. "Chaos in CO2 Lasers", IV Quantum Elec-tronics Conference, Cochin University, Dec 1986

Sarkar, S.K., Parthasarathy, V., Rama Rao, K.V.S. andMittal, J.P. "Infrared Fluorescence Studies in IR MPDof CDF3-CHF3 System", J. Photochem. 37, 1(1987)

Mago, V.K., Lai, B., Ray, A.K., Kapoor, R., Sharma, S.D.and Rao, P.R.K. "Two Color Three Step Photoionizationof Uranium", J. Phys. B20, 6021(1987)

Dasgupta, K. and Srivastava, R. "A Simple Scheme for


Wavelength Stabilization and Control of Pulsed or cwTunable Dye Lasers", Appl. Opt. 26, 3659(1987)

Goswami, B.K. and Biswas, D.J. "Effect of Detuning ona Single Mode Modulated Laser", Phys. Rev. A36,975(1987)

Mago, V.K., Lai, B., Ray, A.K., Rao, P.R.K. and Sharma,S.D. "Single Colour Photoionization Studies ofUranium-I", J. Phys. B20, 6531(1987)

Biswas, D.J., Vas Dev and Chatterjee, U.K. "ExperimentalObservation of Oscillating Instability and Chaos in a GainModulated Single Mode Cw CO2 Laser", Phys. Rev.35A, 456(1987)

Sarkar, S.K., Bajaj, P.N., Talukdar, R.K., Parthasarathy,V., Rama Rao, K.V.S., Mittal, J.P. and Chakraborti, P.K."Thermal Stability and IR Laser Driven SelectivePhotochemistry of a Volatile Uranium Compound",Chem. Phys. 113, 159(1987)

Manohar, K.G., Dasgupta, K., Suri, B.M. and Bhawalkar,D.D. "Dye Laser Wavelength Stabilization: An ActiveControl by Interferometric Iringe Detection", Rev. Sci.Inst. 58, 920(1987)

Suri, B.M., Dasgupia, K., Bajaj, P.N., Talukdar, R.,Manohar, K.G., Chakraborti, P.K. and Rao, P.R.K."Observation of New High Lying Odd Levels of UI in TwoColour Multiphoton lonization Spectrum", J. Opt. Soc.Am. 84, 1835(1987)

Ray, A.K., Sharma, S.D. and Saksena, G.D. "Bound FreeTransitions and the Dissociation Limits", Pramana 29,497(1987)

Chakraborti, P.K., Talukdar, R.K. and Bajaj, P.N."Probing of Condensation in Free Jets Through IR DiodeLaser Absorption", XI International Symposium onMolecular Beams, Edinburgh, U.K., July 1987

Bhowmick, G.K. "Photochemical and PhotophysicalStudies with Cw Dye Laser", Symposium on Radiationand Photochemical Sciences, IIT, Bombay, Dec. 1987

Kale, M.R. and Das, D. "Effusion Assembly for VapourPressure Measurements", Fifth Seminar of Indian Societyof Scientific Glass Blowers, Coimbatore, Dec. 1987

Manohar, K.G., Dasgupta, K., Suri, B.M. and Bhawalkar,D.D. "Wavelength Stabilization of a Pulsed Dye Laser",Laser Applications in Spectroscopy and Optics, IITMadras, Jan. 1987

Suri, B.M., Manohar, K.G., Dasgupta, K., Talukdar, R.K.,Bajaj, P.N., Chakraborti, P.K. and Rao, P.R.K."Resonance Ionization Mass Spectrometry of Uranium

for Analytical and Spectroscopic Studies", ibid

Chakraborti, P.K. "Overview of Molecular Beam Studiesin BARC", Workshop on Study of Fast Chemical Pro-cesses, Lonavala, Jan. 1987 (Invited Talks)

Biswas, D.J. "Chaos in Lasers (4 lectures)", School onChaos and Non-linear Dynamics, IISc, Bangalore, June,1987 (Invited Talks)

Chakraborti, P.K. "Elastic Scattering and IntermolecularPotentials", Second Winter School on Molecular Reac-tion Dynamics, IIT, Kanpur, 1987 (Invited Talks)

Chakraborti, P.K. "Rotationally Inelastic Scattering andPotential Anisotropy", ibid. (Invited Talks)

Chakraborti, P.K. "Van der Waals' Clusters", ibid.(Invited Talks)

Talukdar, R. "Nozzle Beam Experiments", NationalWorkshop on Laser Spectroscopy and Laser Applications,Varanasi, Jan. 1988 (Invited Talks)

Lai, B. "Laser Resonance Photoionization Spectroscopy",ibid.

Bhatia, M.S., Dass, S. and Chatterjee, U.K. "Study of TwoMedium Size ' C Core Electromagnets Generating LowMagnetic Fields", BARC-1352, 1987

Sarkar, S.K. and Flynn, G.W. "Detection of ChlorineAtom Using Infrared Diode Laser Technique", AnnualReport No. 37, Columbia Radiation Laboratory, NewYork, USA, p. 78 (1987)

Thakur, K.B., Narahari Rao, K., Fried], R.R., Rinsland,C.P. and Malathy Devi, V. "Analysis of the v6 Band ofCarbonyl Fluoride", J. Mol. Spectrosc. 123, 255(1987)

Thakur, K.B., Rinsland, C.P., Smith, M.A.H., Benner,D.C. and Malathy Devi, V. "Absolute Line IntensityMeasurements in the v2 Bands of HDO and D2O Usinga Tbnable Diode Laser Spectrometer", ibid. 120,239(1986)

Rinsland, C.P., Harvey, G.A., Malathy Devi, V., Thakur,K.B., Levins, J.S. and Smith, M.A.H. "Q Branches of thev7 Fundamental of Ethane (C2HJ: Integrated IntenstyMeasurements for Atmospheric MeasurementApplications", Appl. Opt. 25, 2872(1986)

Malathy Devi, V., Rinsland, C.P., Benner, D.C., Smith,M.A.H. and Thakur, K.B. "Absolute Intensities and Self-,N2-, and Air-Broadened Lorentz Half Widths forSelected Lines in the v3 Band of 12CH3D FromMeasurements with a Tunable Diode Laser Spectrometer",ibid. 25, 1848(1986)

Malathy Devi, V., Benner̂ D.C., Rinsland, C.P., Smith,


M.A.H. and Thakur, K.B. "Diode Laser Measurementsf Intensities and Halfwidths in The v6 Band of 12CH3D",J. Mol. Spectrosc. 122, 182(1987)

Harrison, R.G. and Biswas, D.J. "Pulsating Instabilitiesand Choas in Lasers", Progress in Quantum Electronics10, 147(1985)

Biswas, D.J., Harrison, R.G., Weiss, CO., Klische, W.,Dangoisse, D., Glorieux, P. and Lawandy, N."Experimental Observations of Single Mode LaserInstabilities in Optically Pumped Molecular Lasers",Instabilities and Choas in Quantum Optics, SpringerSeries in Synergetics, Vol. 34, p. 109, Springer-Verlag,Heidelberg, 1987

Harrison, R.G. and Biswas, D.J. "Chaos in Light", Nature321, 394(1986)

Biswas, D.J., Vas Dev and Chatterjee, U.K. "ExperimentalEvidence of Three Mode Quasiperiodicity and Chaos ina Single Longitudinal Multitransverse Mode Cw CO2

Lasers", Phys. Rev. A (Rap Commun.) 32, 3835(1985)

Harrison, R.G. and Biswas, D.J. "Demonstration ofSelf-Pulsing Instability and Transition to Chaos in SingleMode and Multimode Homogeneously Broadened RamanLaser", Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 63(1985)

Biswas, D.J. and Harrison, R.G. "Evidence of ModeSplitting in a Single Mode Homogeneously BroadenedRaman User", Appl. Phys. Lett. 47, 198(1985)

Biswas, D.J. and Harrison, R.G. "Observation of OpticalTerbulence in Single Mode Homogeneously BroadenedOptically Pumped Molecular Laser", Opt. Commun. 54,112(1985)

Harrison, R.G., Alsaidi, I. and Biswas, D.J. "Observationof Instability and Chaos in a Homogeneously BroadenedSingle Mode and Multimode Mid Infrared Raman Laser",IEEE J. Quantum Hectron 21, 1491(1985)

Biswas, D.J. and Harrison, R.G. "Observation ofPulsating Instabilities and Chaos in a Transversely ExcitedAtmospheric Pressure CO2 Laser", Opt. Commun. 57,193(1986)

Alsaidi, I.A., Biswas, D.J. and Harrison, R.G. "SelfFocussing of CO2 Laser Radiation in NH3 Gas", Opt.Commun. 52, 336(1985)

Biswas, D.J. and Harrison, R.G. "Evidence of ModeSplitting in a Single Mode Homogeneously BroadenedRaman Laser", Optical Instabilities (Cambridge Studiesin Modern Optics), Vol. 4, 227 (Cambridge UniversityPress, 1986)

Mehendale, S.C., Biswas, D.J. and Harrison, R.G. "SingleMode Multiline Emission from a Hybrid CO2 Laser",Opt. Commun. 55, 427(1985)

Biswas, D.J., Harrison, R.G. and Alsaidi, I. "Self PulsingInstabilities in a Homogeneously Broadened RamanLaser", Optical Instabilities (Cambridge Studies inModern Optics), Vol 4, 231 (Cambridge University Press,1986)

Biswas, D.J., Harrison, R.G. and Moloney, J.V."Demonstration of Instabilities and Chaos in a SingleLongitudinal Multitransverse Mode Cw CO2 Laser", J.Opt. Soc. Am. B3, 76(1986)

Biswas, D.J. and Harrison, R.G. "A Simple RingResonator System", Opt. and Laser Technology, 303, Dec.1985

Biswas, D.J. and Harrison, R.G. "Self-Pulsing Instabilitiesin a Homogeneously Broadened Raman Laser", TopicalMeeting on Instabilities and Dynamics of Lasers and Non-linear Optical Systems, Rochester, USA, June 1985

Biswas, D.J. and Harrison, R.G. "Evidence of Mode Split-ting in a Single Mode Homogeneously Broadened RamanLaser", ibid.

Harrison, R.G. and Biswas, D.J. "Instabilities in a SingleMode Raman Laser", Seventh International Conferenceon Laser Spectroscopy, Hawaii, USA, June 1985

Harrison, R.G. and Biswas, D.J. "Demonstration of Self-Pulsing Instabilities in a Single Mode HomogeneouslyBroadened Raman Laser", Seventh National QuantumElectronics Conf., Malvern, UK, Sept. 1985

Biswas, D.J., Harrison, R.G. and Moloney, J.V."Instabilities and Chaos in a Single LongitudinalMultitransverse Mode Cw CO2 Laser", Int. Conf. onQuantum Electronics, Sanfransico, USA, June 1986

Biswas, D.J. and Harrison, R.G. "Optical isolator fprSingle Mode TEA CO2 Laser", Symposium on QuantumElectronics, Bombay, Jan. 1985

Biswas, D.J., Vas Dev and Chatterjee, U.K. "Two ModeInstabilities in Cw CO, Laser", International Conferenceon Quantum Electronics, Baltimore, USA, Maj\1987

Pavanaja, U.B., Sapre, A.V., Naik, P.D., Mittal, J.P.,Rama Rao, K.V.S., Iyer, R.M. and Bajaj, P.N. "AMolecular Beam Apparatus to Study ChemiluminescentReactions", BARC/I-878

Pavanaja, U.B., Naik, P.D., Sapre, A.V., Bajaj, P.N.,Rama Rao, K.V.S., Mittal, J.P. and Iyer, R.M. "MolecularBeam Chemiluminescence Studies on Sm + SF, and Sm

BARC, ANNUAL REPORT- 1987 27

+ CC14", J. Photochem. 38, 43(1987)

Hari Mohan, Iyer, R.M. and Bajaj, P.N. "Matrix Isola-tion Study of Transients Produced on /-radiolysis ofPhenyl Cyclohexane in Organic Glasses at 77 K", Radiat.Phys. and Chem. 30, 137(1987)

Souche, Sunanda "A Project Monitoring Package forManagerial Decisions with a Range of GraphicalSupports", NOCUS International Meeting 1987

Ghosh, T.K., Jathar, N.B. and Mahajan, Sunita M."Tuning of Time Slicing Parameters to Optimize CPULoad in a Scientific Environment", ibid.

Naik, P.D., Pavanaja, U.B., Sapre, A.V., Rama Rao,K.V.S., Mittal, J.P., Iyer, R.M. and Bajaj, P.N."Chemiluminescent Reactions of Samarium with SomeChlorinated Hydrocarbons", J. Photochem. 41,285(1988)

Ghosh, T.K., Paranjape, S.T., Kaura, H.K., Jagannath,P., Kamat, S. and Swaroop Durga "Computerization ofMedical Information for Cancer Hospital", ComputerSociety of India's Annual Convention, CSI-87. 1987

Phatak, Sanjivani S. and Rastogi, Rashmi "ComputerAnimation Usage in Developing Educational Packages",ibid.

Khatter, P.C., Makker, S.L., Bhartiya, U.C., Dhekne, P.S.and Kamal Kumar, N.B. "Laser Link for DigitalCommunication", ibid.

Bhugle, A.G., Gupta, A.K. and Ravindranath, S.V.G."Computerized Control of Laser Raman Spectrometer",ibid.

Mundada, R.S., Jagadeesh, B.S. and Kulkarni, S.A."Intersystem Communication for Better ResourceSharing", ibid.

Bose, S.K. and Talwar, R.K. "Technical Overview of SolidModeling", ibid.

Apte, A.G., Oak S.S. and Samant, A.P. "Data BaseLinked Picture Data Bank using Video Digitizer", ibid.

Kaura, H.K., Dhekne, P.S., Mahajan, Sunita M. andPatwardhan, P.K. "A Network of Computers for Process-ing Very Large Computational Requirements", ibid.

Kaura, H.K. "A Computer-Based System for MonitoringPatient's Data in a Critical Care Unit", ibid.

Bose, S.K. "Drug Design Using Solid ModellingApproach", Nineteenth Seminar on Crystallography,Gandhiji University, 1987

Ghosh, T.K. "An On-Line Clinical Database for Cancer

Patients", Western Regional Conference-87 of CSI,Baroda, 1987

Gupta, J.D., Naik, K.V., Jain, Sudhir K., Suman KumariB. and Phatak, R.V. "P.C. Based Time of Flight Analyser",National Symposium of E.T. Engineers on MicroprocessorApplications in Industry, Institute of Engineers, Bombay,1987

Indurkar, V.S. "Radio Frequency Interference in RF-Collapse Mossbauer Experiments and Application ofMain-Frame Computer Linked Data Acquisition System",Hyperfine Interactions 35, 1057(1987)

Indurkar, V.S., Srivastava, J.K. and Vijayaraghavan"Separation of RF-Collapse Effect from Heat-Narrowingin Permalloy Foil Samples", Hyperfine Interactions 35,1053(1987)

Misra, V.M., Rajput, L.S., Singhal, R.L. and Nadane,A.A. "Microprocessor Based Scan Controller for MaterialStudies Under High Pressure", 3rd National Conventionof E.T. Engineers, Bombay, 1987

Misra, V.M. "On the Methodology of TechnologyTransfer", M.Tech. International Seminar for TechnologyTransfers, Aurangabad, 1987

Arora, S.K. and Basu, T.K. "A Seismic Event on August20, 1983: Double Explosion or a Single Earthquake",Reply to Comments from R.C. Stewart, Phys. EarthPlanet. Inter. 46(4), 384(1987)

Basu, T.K. and Arora, S.K. "Characteristics of SeismicSources of Some Asian Earthquakes and SovietUnderground Explosions from Gauribidanur ArrayRecords", BARC-1348, 1987

Banghar, A.R. "Seismo-Tectonics of the Andaman-Nicobar Islands", Tcetonophysics 133, 95(1987)

Banghar, A.R. "Synthesis of seismograms", VI IndianGeological Congress, Roorkee University, 1987

Bhat, M.K. "Three Component Broad-Band SeismicSystem", BARC/I-902, 1987

Gangrade, B.K., Prasad, A.G.V. and Sharma, R.D."Earthquakes from Peninsular India: Data from theGauribidanur Seismic Array", BARC-I347, 1987

Gangrade, B.K., Prasad, A.G.V. and Sharma, R.D."Earthquakes from Peninsular India: Data from theGauribidanur Array for the Period January-December1986", BARC-1385, 1987

Ghosh, A.K. and Sharma, R.D. "Spectral Shapes forAccelerograms Recorded at Soil Sites", BARC-1365,1987

BARC, ANNUAL REPORT- 19B7 28

Murty, Gurajada S. and Vijai Kumar "Effects of ViscosCoupling and External Pressure on Interfacial Waves atSolid-Solid Boundary", J. of the Ace. Soc. of India 15(1),1987

Krishnan, C.A. and Bhat, M.K. "Some Examples of Dif-fracted Waves Recorded by 3-Component Broad-BandSystem at Garibidanur Seismic Array", BARC/I-914,1987

Sharma, R.D. "The Earthquake Problem in EngineeringDesign: Generating Earthquake Design BasisInformation", BARC-1383, 1987

Bhat, C.L., Sapru, M.L., Kaul, R.K. and Razdan, H."Response of Atmospheric Lightings to SystematicChanges in the Global Electric Field", Journal of Atmos-pheric and Terrestrial Physics 49, 209(1987)

Vijai Kumar and Bhadauria, Y.S. "A Seismic Station atBARC, Trombay and Its Typical Recording",BARC/I-892, 1987

Rawat, H.S., Senecha, V.K., Rannot, R.C., Sapru, M.L.,Kaul, R.K., Razdan, H. and Tonwar, S.C. "GulmargObservations of Cygnus X-3 at TeV Energies DuringOctober 1985 Radio Flare", 20th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf.,Moscow, Aug. 1987

Mitra, A.K., Bhat, C.L. and Rawat, H.S. "A Model forPossible Long-term Variation in Cygnus X-3 PeV Source",ibid.

Kaul, R.K., Rawat, H.S., Senecha, V.K., Rannot, R.C.,Sapru, M.L., Bhat, C.L., Qazi, B.A., Tickoo, A.K. andRazdan, H. "Gulmarg Results on Geminga and OtherGamma-ray Sources at Energies > TeV", ibid.

Senecha, V.K., Rannot, R.C., Sapru, M.L., Bhat, C.L.,Kaul, R.K., Rawat, H.S., Qazi, R.A. and Razdan, H. "AWide-Angle Cerenkov Detector Array for Ultra-HighEnergy Gamma-ray Astronomy", ibid.

Bhat, C.L., Kaul, R.K., Rawat, H.S., Senecha, V.K.,Rannot, R.C., Sapru, M.L. and Razdan, H. "Does AM-Hercules Emit Gamma-Rays with Energy > 5xl014 TeV",ibid.

Lodha, G.S., Sawhney, K.J.S., Razdan, H., Agrawal, D.P.and Juyal, N. "Geochemical Studies on Kashmir LoessProfiles", Proc. Ind. Acad. of Sci. Earth and PlanetarySci. 96, 135(1987)

Kataria, S.K., Kumar, S., Gaonkar, V.G. and Sawhney,K.J.S. "Personal Computer Analyser", Jour. Instrum.Soci. of India. 17, 129(1987)

Lodha, G.S. "Personal Computer Based Data AcquisitionSystems for Nuclear Spectroscopy", Proc. IAEA Ilnd Nile

Winter College, Univ. of Khartoum, Sudan, Jan. 1987

Lodha, G.S. "Spectra Processing Techniques forEDXRF/PIXE", ibid.

Lodha, G.S. "Sample Preparation and QuantitativeEstimation Procedures for EXDRF", ibid.

Lodha, G.S. "Principle Component Analysis Method forthe Interpretation of Analytical Data", ibid.

Vora, H.S., Kumbhare, M.N. and Bemalkhedkar, M.M."A Novel Mains Low/Normal/High Indicator andTrip-off", Jour. I.E.T.E. 3, 60(1986)

Vora, H.S., Das, T.N. and Kumbhare, M.N."Development of a Portable Digital Display PhotometerSystem for Recording Irradiance from Near UV to NearIR", J. Phys. (E); Sci. Inst. 20, 23(1987)

Karnal, A., Tripathi, K.C. and Prakash, V. "InexpensiveSawtooth Wave; Adjustable and Frequency IndependentDuty-Cycle Square Wave Oscillator", IEEE Trans, onInstrumentation and Measurement, IM-36 (1987)

Tripathi, K.C., Karnal, A.K. and Prakash, V. "PulsedLinear and Rotational Motors as New Alternative andSupplementary Transport Systems", Ilnd Symp. on Ind.Automotive Tech., Pune, Jan 1987

Prakash, V. and Tripathi, K.C. "A Novel Pulsed dcMotor", ibid.

Roychoudhury, P., Paithankar, A.S., Iyyengar, S.K. andRohatgi, V.K. "Characterisation of Target PlasmaRequired for REB-Plasma Interaction Studies UsingCylindrical Langmuir Probes", Plasma Physics and Con-trolled Fusion 29, 651(1987)

Paithankar, A.S., Chindarkar, A.R. and Rohatgi, V.K."RF Ion Source for Plasma Diagnostics", Symp. PlasmaScience and Technology, Gandhinagar, Dec. 28-30, 1987

Saxena, A.C., Gupta, G.P. and Rohatgi, V.K. "OrdinaryWave Propagation Near Electron Cyclotron Frequency inMirror Confined Plasmas", ibid.

Rao, Venugopal G., Paithankar, A.S., Iyyengar, S.K., RoyChoudhury, P., Chindarkar, A.R. and Rohatgi, V.K."REB Propagation in Hydrogen Gas", ibid.

Satyamurthy, P., Rajendra and Rohatgi, V.K. "Analysisof High Temperature Gas Dynamics in a RectangularChannel Using Coupled-Core-Boundary Layer Model",Sadhana 9, 299(1986)

Chakravarthy, D.P., Venkatramani, N. and Rohatgi, V.K."Plasma Electrical Conductivity Measuring System",BARC/I-889, 1986

BARC, AHNUM- REPORT-1987 29

Das, A.K., Venkatramani, N. and Rohatgi, V.K. "PulsedPower Sources Based on MHD Generators",BARC/I-1322, 1986

Dixit, N.S., Venkatramani, N. and Rohatgi, V.K."Measurement of Temperature, Electrical Conductivityand Ion Density of Seeded Combustion Plasmas", EnergyConversion and Management 27, 103(1987)

Patil, D.S., Venkatramani, N. and Rohatgi, V.K."Electrical Behaviour of Coal Slag", 25th Symp. on Engg.Aspects of MHD, Bethesde, USA, 1987

Sinha, B.K., Kumbhare, S.B. and Gupta, G.P. "Profilesof 3/2 Omega Emissions from Laser Produced Plasmas",Physical Review A 36, 4859(1987)

Ananthapadmanabhan, P.V. "Investigations on Materialsfor MHD Generators", Ph.D. Thesis, Bombay Univ. 1987

Gupta, G.P. and Mittal, M.L. "Convective Instability ofAlfven-Ion-Cyclotron Waves in Finite-Beta TurbulentPlasmas with Anisotropic Ions", Nuclear Fusion 27,1488(1987)

Gupta, G.P. and Rohatgi, V.K. "Alfven-Icn-CyclotronInstability in Magnetic Mirror Plasmas", IV NationalSymp. on Plasma Science and Technology, Gandhinagar,1987

Joshi, N.K. and Rohatgi, V.K. "Development of Sub-millimetre Interferometry and Faraday Rotation Tech-nique for Combustion Plasma", ibid.

Karthikeyan, J. "Ceramic Coatings: Their Principles,Propertries and Applications", CGCRI, Calcutta, 1987(Invited Talks)

Patil, D.S. "Electrical Conductivity in Oxide Ceramics atHigh Temperature", Ph.D. Thesis, Bombay Univ. 1987

Gupta, G.P. "Electrodynamic Problems of Plasma inCombustion MHD Generators", Physics Teacher, 29,48(1987)

Joshi, N.K. "MHD Power Generation", I.S.T.E. WinterSchool on Emerging Trends in Energy ConversionSystems, Govt. Engg. College, Ujjain, Dec. 1987(Lectures)

Madan Lai and Choudhary, R.K. "Monitoring of ThinLayer Deposits of High Temperature SuperconductingMaterials by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Tech-nique (EDXRF)", National Symp. on Analytical Spec-troscopy including Hyfenated Techniques, RRLHyderabad, Jan. 1988

Bapat, A.V., Venkatramani, N. and Suryanarayan, S."Simulation of Classical Edge Conditions by Finite ElasticRestraints in the Vibration Analysis of Plates", Journalof Sound and Vibration, 119(3), 1987

Bapat, A.V., Venkatramani, N. and Suryanarayan, S. "ANew Approach for the Representation of Point Supportin the Analysis of Plates", ibid.

Mukhopadhyay, R., Chaplot, S.L. and Rao, K.R. "PhaseTransformations in Tetracyanoethylene", ODIC, NewsLetter (Ed.) Ron Weir, Vol. 6. 9(1986)

Goyal, P.S. "Small Angle Neutron Scattering, LinearPolymers Modelled as Self Avoiding Walks, RecentAdvances, in Neutron Scattering", International Schoolin Statistical Physics at Punjab University, Chandigarh,Sept. 1987 (Talks)

Sahni, V.C. "Output Features of Low Energy RadiationDetectors", Seminar on Pulse Processing Techniques inRadiation Detection and Spectrometry, Indian PhysicsAssociation, Dec. 1987

Biswas, D.J. and Harrison, R.G. "Optical Isolator forSingle Mode TEA CO Laser", J. Phys. E Sci. Instrum.18, 156(1985)

Ota, S.B. "Structural Instability and Superconductivityin A15 Compounds", Ph.D. Thesis, Bombay University,1987

DARC, ANNUAL REPORT- 1987 30

CHEMICAL SCIENCES

2-1 Basic Chemistry

Basic research was carried out primarily in the frontlineareas of materials science, radiation and photochemistry, laserchemistry, reaction dynamics, isotope effects, interface pheno-mena and structural chemistry. Applied research wasTnaintyconcerned with reactor-related problems, high technologymaterials, catalyst development etc.

A pulse radiorysis facility, the first and only one of its kindin the country, has become operational. It uses a NanosecondPulsed Electron Accelerator commissioned earlier, and will beuseful for investigation of radiation-induced fast reactions inthe time scale of hundred millionth of a second. Data proces-sing systems are being incorporated to augment the capabilitiesof this facility. An ion accelerator facility is being set up forsurface damage studies. Detailed designs of a Molecular BeamUnit with Mass Spectral Detection have been completed.Fabrication, planning and testing of procured components arein progress. A uniaxial hot pressing unit for making pellets hasbeen designed and is under fabrication.

Oxide superconductors with high superconductingtemperatures were synthesised. Materials of the compositionYBa Cu3O6, Y,.2Ba0., Cu4_, and YBa2 Cu3O7_ 3 with super-conducting temperatures of 84°K, 95°K and as high as 106°Krespectively have since been prepared and investigations are inprogress to understand the fundamental nature of thesematerials. Methods have been standardised to prepare thesecompounds on about 250 gm scale.

Studies on some of the uranium intermetallics such asG(Ga, Al)3, U(Pb, Sn)3, U(Ru, Re)2 Si2, U(Ir, Re)2 Sia andCI(Ru,Os)2 Si2 etc. which are associated with anomalousmagnetic and superconducting properties were undertaken incollaboration with TIFR and these have established thesystematics of electron hybridisation and narrow band forma-tion, for the first time, in some of these materials. A new modeof thermal conduction in solids, namely, excitonic thermalconduction, was demonstrated experimentally, for the firsttime, in studies on thermal conductivity of lanthanum, neo-dymium and gadolinium cobalt oxides. An efficient palladium-based low temperature catalyst has been .developed for theconversion of CO to CO2 in presence of oxygen, for use in CO2

laser systems.

Pulse radiorysis studies of various systems such as one-electron reduction of thiazine dyes, phenothiazine drugs, Bgroup vitamins and model compounds, ionization and exci-tation processes in hydrocarbon liquids, radiation-inducedsolute triplet formation in solvent mixtures, electron transferreactions in sulphur containing radicals, radiation-inducedpolymerization etc are being carried out with a view to

understand the basic mechanisms of radiation-induced pro-cesses, and fast charge and energy transfer pathways. Conclu-sive evidence for a dioxetane mechanism for addition ofmolecular oxygen to vibrationally excited olefin was obtainedfor the first time by a fast time-resolved emission in the IR laser-induced oxidation of perfluoro olefins. Chemiluminescencewas observed in molecular beam reactions of samarium withseveral haloalkanes and haloalkenes.

A new surface hydrolysis mode! has been proposed toexplain the sorption behaviour on hydrous oxides and wassuccessfully applied to available data on uranyl ion sorption onhydrous oxides including hydrous titanium oxide which is apotential adsorbent for the recovery of uranium from sea water.As the physico-chemical characteristics of the hydrous oxidescan be obtained from independent experiments, the modelcan be used to predict their selectivity for uranium.

Cellulose acetate encapsulated slow-release urea systemswith release rates lasting upto about two months have beendeveloped. These have been field tested.

2-2 Water Chemistry

A significant achievement was development of an efficientchemical cleaning formulation for dissolution of crud andcorrosion products from service water system pipe lines ofFBTR A two stage step consisting of treatment with 0-1%tannic acid for eight hours and then with 156 HEDTA, 0-556sodium gluconate and 0-256 hexamine for 18 hours at 45°Cwas evolved. The method was successful and has beenrecommended to FBTR for dynamic loop testing.

Detailed evaluation of the performance of the condensatepolishing unit at MAPS-1 was done. The cation and anion sliphas been the same as predicted by earlier experiments. Studieswere further extended by using a test rig, simulating linear flowconditions. Work on morpholine based ion exchange resinsunder such flow conditions was carried out and the results wereapplied to field conditions. Differential potentiometric techniquewas used to determine chloride concentrations in the effluentat ppb levels.

Studies on water quality of coastal water at both MAPPjetty and FBTR cooling tower were conducted for assisting thepower plant operations. Various aspects related to chlorinedemand on sea water, biofouling etc., were studied. It wasobserved that the influx of fresh water into the coastal locationduring the northeast monsoon period resulted in a lowering ofsalinity and increase in dissolved oxygen, turbidity, suspendedmatter, plan nutrients and chlorine demand.

Another major task was evaluating a suitable liquid poisonfor Dhruva. Based on chemical and radiolytic stability studies

BARC, ANHUM. REPOITr-1987 31

Gd(NO3)3 b2 H O was finally recommended. Experiments onuse of dispersants and antifoulants for Heavy Water Plants weredone. The behaviour of Ni-resistant type-11 alloy in ferroussulphate dosed sea water under various pH and dissolvedoxygen conditions has been sti1 Jied, with a view to understandthe cracking observed in the valve discs of this material inoperating power reactors. Detailed crud chemistry studiesregarding surface area, characterization and cation adsorptionon boiler crud samples were done. Studies on performanceevaluation of modified and non-modified fueld bundles in unit1 of TAPS and review of NAPP calandria water cooling systemwere also carried out.

A novel ion exchange resin capable of reducing fluorideconcentration in water from about 3 ppm to less than 0-05ppm was developed by using the principle of precipitation ionexchange, taking advantage of the insoluble nature of LaF3.Simultaneously an analytical procedure involving complexationwith Alizarin complexan was developed for assay of fluorideconcentration in drinking water. This method can distinguish0-5 ppm from 1 -0 ppm of fluoride.

Mass transport studies of the activated corrosion anderosion products like 63Ni, 60Co, 64Cu in lncoloy-800 and of 59Fein a cupronickel alloy were carried out in detail at varioustemperature ranges.

Several complexes like CJO2, G3O7, double molybdates ofthorium and alkali metal ion, mixed (La, Sr) CrO3 etc. wereinvestigated from the point of view of solid state synthesis,phase changes and kinetics during thermal cycling. Varioustechniques such as TG, DTA, DSC and high temperature x-raydiffraction were employed. For the first time, an a to ji transitionwas shown in (J3O7 and this seemed to get catalyzed by thepresence of (J3 Oe.

High temperature chemistry and thermodynamic beha-viour of several metals like Pd, Pt, and binary systems like Rh-Ru, Pd-Ta, Pt-lr, Pd-Si etc., were actively pursued. X-ray studieson metal complexes of crown ether, and DSC studies on modelmembranes were also undertaken. As a natural off-shoot ofthese investigations, several instruments such as x-ray, TG,DTA, were constantly updated and innovations wereintroduced.

Work cpnnected with the Task Force set up by DAE-SRCfor evaluating chemical and radiochemical aspects in case ofsevere nuclear accidents was completed and the final reporthas been submitted.

Consultancy service was provided to several national andinternational agencies, such as Central Board of Irrigation &Power, IAEA etc. on Water Chemistry problems. A course on"Water Chemistry and its role in Materials Behaviour" was

organised in collaboration with MaterialsDevetopment Labora-tory, IGCAR.

2-3 Fuel Chemistry

With the encouraging results obtained from pelletizationof porous UO2 gel particles produced by sol-gel process, thefacility was scaled up to produce about 10 kg/day of the gelparticles for trials at NFC. About 200 kg of gel particles havebeen prepared and gel-pelletization studies are in progress.

Work for the preparation of uranium carbide and nitridematerials by sol gel process was initiated.

Tellurium is an important fission product which can causefailure of stainless steel clad by forming tellurides of iron,chromium and nickel. Free energy of formation of Fe0 54 Te0 46

and Cr0474 Te0526 was determined by measuring vapourpressure of Te2(g) over Fe + Fe0 54 Te0 46 and Cr + Cr0 474

Te0526 regions using Knudsen cell mass loss method andtellurium potentials for the corrosion of stainless steel werecalculated.

Free energy of formation of Ma2ZrO3, a compound formedby interaction of sodium with zirconium in mixed oxide fuels,was determined by equilibrium CO2 pressures measured overthe Na2CO3 + ZrO2 system.

Heat capacity of Cs2Cr2O, has been measured in thetemperature range 324 to 830 K using flow calorimetry.

The structure of K4Ce(SO,)4.2H2O has been determinedusing single crystal x-ray diffraction methods. The monoclinicunit cell contains two centrosymmetric dimeric

[(SO4), Ce(SO,)2Ce(SO4)3r

anions. Each cerium atom has nine oxygen atoms from fivesulphate groups coordinated to it at an average distance of2-393(6) A. The bridging sulphate groups are tridentatewhereas the others are bidentate and chelating. The corres-ponding uranium and plutonium compounds are found tohave the same structure.

Anhydrous C](SO,,)2 and Th(SO4)2 were prepared byreacting uranium fluoride or thorium fluoride with (NH4)aSO4

at 400°C. The compounds have been characterized andbelong to the hexagonal system. (NH4)2SO4 helps the conver-sion of insoluble oxides and fluorides to soluble doublesulphates.

Cubic perovskites in the K-MiI-U-0 and Rb-MII-U-Osystems have been prepared by the incorporation of about 20mole % of Mil ions (Ca3+ or Ba2+) in tetragonal K2UO4 orRb2CIO4 respectively.

The oxidation kinetics of (CI, Th)O2 solid solutions havebeen studied in air or in carbon dioxide atmosphere by meansof isothermal thermogravimetry. The oxidation was found to be


controlled by oxygen chemical diffusion. The diffusion co-efficients evaluated for the oxidation from MO2 00 to At, 05 inCO2 were found to be much lower than that for the conversionin air to MO2 ,-MO22 range.

K4Pu (SO4)4 as a dihydrate and as an anhydrous salt arebeing evaluated for their use as primary chemical standard.Ease of preparation, stoichiometric composition, solubility innitric acid and thermal stability appears to be favourable.

Mass spectrometric method has been developed using(2"CI + 235CJ) spike to determine the isotopic composition andconcentration of uranium when the sample contains less than50 ng of (A in presence of bulk of other impurities.

For determining isotopic composition and concentrationof boron when present in submicrogram amounts, employingmass spectrometry Cs2BO+

2 ion was found to be superior toconventionally used Na2BOt, ion.

With the objective of gaining an insight into the rf-sparkphenomenon in spark source mass spectrometry, investigationswere carried out on the charge distribution of different traceconstituents and also carbon cluster formation in variousmatrices. Efforts were initiated to extend the SSMS techniquefor the analysis of Th fuel materials.

Methods were developed for the chemical quality controlof new fuel materials like z"CI-AI-Zr alloy for reactor Kaminiand advanced fuels like (Th-Pu)O2 and (01, Pu)N.

Quantitative dissolution of (JN is being studied with a viewto developing chemical quality control procedures for nitridefuels. Dissolution of ON was quantitative in concentrated HNO3

medium but incomplete in concentrated HCI and concentratedHaSO4 media. A chemical method has been developed for thedetermination of nitrogen in (U, Pu)N samples.

A sensitive method for. the determination of fluoride byradiochemical displacement of 181Hf is under development

A programme has been initiated to study the chemistry ofplutonium in sodium carbonate based alkaline solution. It wasobserved that, whereas Pu(lll) gets spontaneously oxidised toPu(IV) in this alkaline medium, both Pu(IV) and Pu(Vl) arestable for more than two weeks. While studying the extractionof plutonium from this medium by anion exchanger(Amberlist-A-26), a distribution ratio of > 700 was observedfrom 0-1 N carbonate medium indicating potential of this resinfor plutonium removal.

Studies are in progress to exploit the full potential ofdiester di-2-ethyl hexyl phosphoric acid (d2EHPA), a liquidcation exchanger, for the extraction of actinides from differentmineral acid media and also to observe the synergisticenhancement observed in combination with neutral oxodonorslike HTTA and TOPO. Extraction of Pu(fV) from sulphuric acid

medium was enhanced by perchlorate and nitrate ions andthat from nitric acid medium by HTTA and TOPO.

Many locally available macroporous anion exchange resinswere used for measurement of their Pu(IV) breakthroughcapacities as well as the plutonium elution behaviour. Of theresins studied Tulsion A-27 (MP) was found to be closer in itsbehaviour with Dowex 1x4 (Gel), which is widely used at present

With a view to recovering plutonium from phosphoric acidcontaining analytical waste extraction with DBDECMP is beinginvestigated. Another solvent MOPPA is also being studied withthe same objective.

Stability constants of fluoride complexes of Th(IV), U(rV),Pu(IV) and Pu(III) have been measured using fluoride ionselective electrode.

Fission yield data for more than 40 nuclides released inthe thermal neutron fission of each of the 233C1, "5CJ, 2MPu and241 Pu fissioning nuclides have been determined using massspectrometric, gamma spectrometric and radiochemicalmethods under identical experimental conditions.

Mass spectrometry methods were used to determine thehalf-lives of a number of transactinium isotopes. A precisevalue of (14-4 ± 0-1 Y) for the half-life of 241Pu was determinedby six different methods.

2-4 Radiochemistry

Nuclear and physico-chemical studies on actinides andfission products were continued. Radiochemical measurementsof independent isomeric yield ratios for antimony isotopeshave been carried out in the alpha-induced fission of 23*O. Theobserved increase in the fragment angular momenta with theincrease in the excitation energy and angular momentum of242Pu, the fissioning nucleus, has been attributed to theincrease in fragment moment of inertia and temperature.Angular distribution of thirteen fission products covering theasymmetric and symmetric mass regions was determined inthe alpha-induced fission of 232Th. From the observed largeranisotropy of asymmetric fragments it is concluded that massasymmetry and rotational degrees are strongly correlated andmass distribution is probably frozen beyond the second saddlein medium-high energy fission. Radiochemical studies ofisotopic yield distribution for iodine isotopes in the neutroninduced fission of 232Th, "'(1, 2"Np, 241Pu, 241Am and 245Cmhave given evidence for the influence of fissionability (dyna-mical aspects) on the charge-distribution process and depen-dence of the isotopic width parameters on the fissioningnucleus, mass and charge. Isomeric yield ratios of indium andyttrium isotopes produced in (a, xn) reactions on 107Ag andB5Pb have been determined at various alpha energies and the


results show significant contribution of preequilibrium reactionat higher energies. The data on the fission product activities ingrass samples obtained as part of an IAEA intercomparisonstudy showed valuable isotopic correlations with fuel burn-upsystematics.

Stability constants of Hf-EDTA complex have been deter-mined using Perturbed Angular Correlation (PAC) techniquefrom coincidence measurements of the ""Hf gamma rays. Theinfluence of internal charge transition in aniline on positroniumchemistry has been studied. With a view to studying the effectof chemical environment on the L-X-ray of l25mTe generatedin internal conversion process, experiments were carried out inmetallic tellurium and in telluric acid and the spectra show avariation in FWHM of the peak. The chemical transformationaccompanying isomeric transition of tellurium isotopes wasfound to be proportional to the decay constant and more intelluric acid solutions than in the solid. Electron paramagneticresonance (EPR) and thermally siirnulated luminescence (TSL)studies on 0O2

2 + : SrSO, phosphor indicate chemically in-duced dynamic nuclear polarisation (CIDNP) effects in reactionbetween H° and SO4" and the special role of SO4 in multiplethermal stimulation process. The formation of OH andC6H5CH2COO species during the self-irradiation of plutonium(IV) phenyl acetate and hydroxo alpha naphthyl acetate hasbeen detected by EPR and the yields of the radical species havebeen interpreted on the basis of thermal spikes associated withthe alpha particles. Information on the nature of bonding oftrivalent actinide chelates with beta-diketones and crownethers has been obtained from thermodynamic parameters.

The equilibrium constants for the addition reaction ofcrown ether (DC-1806) with uranyl chelates of various pyra-zolones have been found to be much lower as compared to theTBP system having similar basicity. Studies have been initiatedon the stabilisation of Am(rv) by beta-diketones in xylene andon the extraction of actinides with dialkyl aliphatic amides.Studies have been carried out on the kinetics of the oxidation ofPu(lll) to Pu(IV) by a Cr(V) chelate and on the Pu(Vl) catalyseddecomposition of the Cr(V) chelate. Proton magnetic resonancestudies on chelates of Th(IV), U(IV) and U(VI) with fluorinatedbeta diketones and sulphoxides have shown adsorption due tochelate ring proton and isotopic shift due to paramagneticCi(rV) as well as multiplets due to methylene and methylprotons of sulphoxides. Studies on the solvent extraction andsynthesis of plutonyl synergistic complexes with pyrazolonesand sulphoxides have established the composition of thecomplexes.2-5 Analytical Chemistry

The chemistry of the transport process and measurement

of formation cross sections of short lived (upto 5 sec.) nuclideswere studied using the helium jet recoil transport system set upat VECC, Calcutta. Using charged particle activation analysis,methods for the determination of bulk oxygen and carbon inpure materials such as copper and silicon have been standar-dised.

Thin layer activation approach has been applied toinvestigate the wear rate in the piston ring and cylinder housingof an internal combustion engine using the alpha beam atVECC. The experimental sensitivity for the measurement of wearrate in the cylinder housing is 0-2 ± 0-06 u for an 8 hr. run

Sorption characteristics of several cations were studied onthe less-familiar ion exchanger, Bio-Rex 63, (phosphonic acidtype) as a function of pH, high acidity and NH+

4 concentration.This exchanger can be used in the separation of traces of rareearths from thorium, cadmium from zinc, and for precipitationion exchange separation of calcium from magnesium. Methods ofseparation and determination of components of post-ex-plosion debris and gun shot res/dues were developed emp-loying HPLC to identify compounds of explosives and prope-llent which are of interest in forensic studies.

For the corrosion inhibition programme of Naval Chemicaland Metallurgical Laboratory in marine environment, an AASmethod for the determination of tin at ppb levels in shell fishexposed to tributyl tin oxide was standardised employinghydride generation technique.

Under the analytical consultancy programme for HindustanZinc Ltd., Udaipur, methods for determination of gallium andindium at ppm level in ores, and gold at ppb level inconcentrates were worked out.

The Department of Environment entrusted the secondphase of quality assurance studies to BARC, which involvesconducting quality assurance exercise for analysing presenceof trace elements like Pb, Cd, Mn, etc. in drinking watersamples and food articles like rice, dal and vegetables.

Some other important R&D studies are the separation oftungstate from other anions by ion chromatography, deter-mination of enthalpies of formation of Li/Na-Mo-O compoundsat 298 K, optimisation of experimental parameters forfluorescence in Eu-TTA-TX 100 and Eu-TTA-TX 100-CPCsystems by adopting simplex process, spectroelectrochemistryof Fe3+/Fe+2-bipyridyl system, and chronopotentiometricstudies of Cr(Vl) on Pt electrode.

More than 2000 samples of different nature were analysed,involving about 5100 estimations. These included deter-mination of (1) chemical composition of high temperatureoxide superconductors including oxygen, (2) dissolved gasesin transformer oils to provide information on break down and


for preventive maintenance of power stations, (3) oxygen andnitrogen in laser-weld samples of zircaloy-2, (4) compositionalcharacterisation of high purity (> 4N) gallium for NFC,(5) fluoride in water (and heavy water) samples, toothpastes,ayurvedic preparations, (JO2, metallic glasses etc., (6) thermalanalsysis of a variety of materials like (JO2, metallic glasses etc.,(7) thickness of gold coating on watch straps, and (8) individualrare earths in rock samples for geochemical studies.

The Oltra Trace Analysis facility was made suitable fordetermination of elements Pb, Cd, Fe, Cu & Zn in still lowerconcentrations. High purity gallium was characterised by multi-technique approach to validate impurities at ppb levels. A frit-glass nebuliser was designed and fabricated to replace theexisting one in the ICP-OES, resulting in lowering argon gas

consumption and sample volume requirements for traceelement analysis.

A general purpose iterative computational method forthe controlled potential coulometric determination of metalions in solution which form reversible couples and whosecoulograms strictly obey. Nernst equation has been developed.The method utilises a direct application of the Nernst equationand involves carrying out the electrolysis to about 95-973! andcalculating the total amount present in the sample by aniterative computational method using a mini computer. Thevalidity of this method was checked by successfully applying itto the determination of iron. Results of analysis of mixtures ofplutonium and iron by this technique show that the interferenceof iron can almost entirely be eliminated .

BARC. ANNUAL REPORT-1987 35

Publications

Shoute, L.C.T. and Mittal, J.P. "Studies on the TransientGenerated in the Transients Generated in the y-radiolysisof Benzoyl 1,1,1 Trifluoroacetone in Glassy Matrices -Radiolytically Induced Ketonisation", Radiat. Phys.Chem. 27, 195(1986)

Kumar, M., Rao, M.H. and Rao, K.N. "GammaRadiolysis of Polycyclohexyl Methacrylate", Radiat. Phys.Chem. 27, 219(1986)

Naik, O.B. and Moorthy, P.N. "Photoprocesses in SodiumDecylsulphate Micellar Media", Proc. Indian Acad. Sci.96, 341(1986)

Saini, R.D. and Bhattacharyya, P.K. "Radiolytic Oxida-tion of U(IV) Sulphate in Aqueous Solution by AlphaParticle from Cyclotron", Radiat. Phys. Chem. 29,375(1986)

Kulshreshtha, S.K., Srivastava, S.B., Thomas, V.G. andRaj, P. "Chemical After Effects of Nuclear Transforma-tion in Sn(IV) Complexes: A "9Sn Mossbauer Effect andRadiochemical Study", Radiochim. Acta 39, 173(1986)

Roger, R., Rao, M.H. and Rao, K.N. "RadiationPolymerisation of Cyclohexylacrylate-I", Radiat. Phys.Chem. 28, 157(1986)

Roger, R., Rao, M.H. and Rao, K.N. "RadiationPolymerisation of Cyclohexylacrylate-II", Radiat. Phys.Chem. 28, 167(1986)

Sarkar, S.K., Palit, D.K., Rama Rao, K.V.S. and Mittal,J.P. "Real Time Observation of : CF2 Formation inInfrared Multiphoton Dissociation of Fluoroform-d",Chem. Phys. Letts. 131, 390(1986)

Hari Mohan, Bajaj, P.N. and Iyer, R.M. "Matrix Isola-tion Study of Transients Produced on y-radiolysis ofPhenyl Cyclohexane in Organic Glasses at 77 K", Radiat.Phys. Chem. 30, 137(1987)

Mukherjee, T. "One Electron Reduction of Juglone(5-hydroxy-l, 4-naphthoquinone): A Pulse RadiolysisStudy", Radiat. Phys. Chem. 29, 455(1987)

Guha, S.N., Moorthy, P.N. and Rao, K.N. "RadiationInduced Redox Reaction in U(VI) - U(IV) System inAqueous H2SO4 Solution", Radiat. Phys. Chem. 29,425(1987)

Guha, S.N., Moorthy, P.N., Kishore, K., Naik, D.B. andRao, K.N. "One Electron Reduction of Thionine Studiedby Pulse Radiolysis", Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci. (Chem. Sci.)99, 261(1987)

Kishore, K., Moorthy, P.N. and RaoJC.N. "Reactivity ofH2O2 with Radiation Produced Free Radicals; Steady

State Radiolysis Methods for Estimating the RateConstants", Radiat. Phys. Chem. 29, 309(1987)

Hari Mohan and Asmus, K.D. "Formation ofIntramolecular Radical Cations with an Iodine 2o/loThree Electron Bond in the Oxidation of l,nDiiodoalkanes", J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 109, 4745(1987)

Anklam, E., Hari Mohan and Asmus, K.D. "RadicalCations with a Sulphur-iodine 2o/lo Three ElectronBond", J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Comm. 629(1987)

Roger, R., Rao, M.H. and Rao, K.N. "RadiationPolymerisation of Cyclohexyl Acrylate in Presence ofHydroquinone", Radiat. Phys. Chem. 29, 97(1987)

Kumar, M.M. and Rao, M.H. "Radiation Initiated Graf-ting of Styrene and Methyl Methacrylate on Wool", DieAngewandte Macromolecular Chemie 152, 133(1987)

Rao, M.H., Rao, K.N., Teli, D., Jog, A.G. and Lokhande,H.T. "Grafting of Polypropylene Fibres, I-Radiation Graf-ting of Vinyl Monomers, Dyeing and HydrophilicCharacteristic of the Grafted Fibres", J. Appl. Polym. Sci.33, 2743(1987)

Lokhande, H.T., Jog, A.G., Teli, M.D., Rao, M.H andRao, K.N. "Grafting of Polypropylene Fibres, II - Elec-trokinetic Properties of Grafted Polypropylene Fibres",J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 33, 2753(1987)

Lokhande, H.T., Jog, A.G., Teli, M.D., Rao, M.H. andRao, K.N. "Grafting of Polypropylene Fibres. Ill - Elec-trical Conductivity of Grafted Polypropylene Fibres withVarious Vinyl Monomers", J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 33,2761(1987)

Yakhmi, J.V., Gopalakrishnan, I.K., Vaidya, M.A. andIyer, R.M. "The Transition Width and Critical CurrentDensity Measurement on Slow-CooledSuperconductor", Pramana 29, 597(1987)

Chowdhury, P.K., Rama Rao, K.V.S. and Mittal, J.P."Direct Observation of Retro Diets Alder Reaction Pro-duct in the IR Multiphoton Excited Decafluoro-cyclohexane", Spectrochimica Acta 43A, 199(1987)

Chowdhury, P.K., Pola, J., Rama Rao, K.V.S. and Mittal,J.P. "TEA CO2 Laser Driven Oxidation ofTetrafluoroethane with O2: Further Evidence for Dio-ethane with O2: Further Evidence for DioxetaneMechanism", Chem. Phys. Letts. 142, 252(1987)

Karve, R.S., Sarkar, S.K., Rama Rao, K.V.S. and Mittal,J.P. "Vibration Energy Relaxation in TEA CO, LaserExcited CF2CL/', Spectrochim. Acta 43A, 165(1987)

Guha, S.N., Naik, D.B. and Moorthy, P.N. "Photoredox

BARC, AMNUAL REPORT-1987 36

Reactions in Thionine Ferrous System in Macro-MolecularEnvironments", Indian J. Chem. 26A, 99(1987)

Sarkar, S.K., Bajaj, P.N., Talukdar, R.K., Parthasarathy,V., Rama Rao, K.V.S., Mittal, J.P. and Chakraborti, P.K."Thermal Stability and IR Laser-driven SelectivePhotochemistry of a Volatile Uranium Compound atNatural Abundance", Chemical Physics 113, 159(1987)

Palit, D.K., Pal, H.D., Mukherjee, T. and Mittal, J.P."Nanosecond Laser Flash Photolysis of5-hydroxy-l,4-naphthoquinone (Juglone)", Journal ofPhotochemistry 37, 95(1987)

Mukherjee, T., Cercek, B., Dodd, N.J.F. and Swallow,A.J. "Determination of Ionic Charge of a Semiquinoneby Pulsed Conductivity and ESR Techniques", Radiat.Phys. Chem. 30, 271(1987)

Mukherjee, T., Rao, K.N. and Mittal, J.P."Photodecomposition of Stilbene-3 Laser Dye in DifferentSolvent Systems", Indian J. Chem. 26A, 12(1987)

Mukherjee, T., Rao, K.N. and Mittal, J.P."Photodecomposition of Coumarin Laser Dyes in Dif-ferent Solvent Systems", Indian J. Chemistry 25A,993(1987)

Kunjappu, J.T., Singh, A.J. and Iyer, R.M. "Enhancementof Lasing Efficiency and Photostability of7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (C 120) by Zone Refining",J. of Photochemistry and Photobiology, A.-Chemistry 41,121(1987)

Pavanaja, U.B., Naik, P.D., Sapre, A.V., Bajaj, P.N.,Rama Rao, K.V.S., Mittal, J.P. and Iyer, R.M. "MolecularBeam Chemiluminescence Studies of the Systems Sm-Sffi

and Sm-CCl4", Journal of Photochemistry 38, 43(1987)

Kelkar, V.K. and Manohar, C. "A Theoretical Model forthe Phase Diagram of Mixtures of Nematic LiquidCrystals and Polymeric Solvents", Molecular Crystals.Liq. Crystals 133, 267(1986)

Manohar, C , Rao, U.R.K., Valaulikar, B.S. and Iyer,R.M. "On the Origin of Viscoelasticity in MicellarSystems of CTAB and Sodium Salicylate", J. Chem. Soc.Chem. Comm. 379(1986)

Gupta, A.R. "A Generalised Approach to Study MetalIon Complexes by Ion Exchange Techniques Based onDistribution Methods", Ind. J. Chem. 25A, 895(1986)

Sastry, M.S. and Sastry, M.D. "Stereo-Chemistry andStructural Phase Transitions of Cu(II) Complexes Con-taining Orthophosphate and Pyridine/Picolines", Proc.Indian Acad. Sci. (Chemical Sciences), 97, 5 and 6,587(1986)

Phatak, G.M., Gangadharan, K. and Rao, G.S."Purification of Indium Metal from Closely AssociatedImpurities", Research and Industry 31(2), 167(1986)

Patel, R.P. and Padmanabhan, V.M. "Structure ofBis(4-hydroxy-l-prolinato-N,O) Palladium(II) Trihydrate",Acta Cryst. C42, 1333-1336(1986)

Majid, R.G. and Deoki Nandan "Hydrogen IsotopeEffects in the Ammonium Ion (Aq) Water Exchange andthe Distillation of Ammonium Chloride Solutions at373 K ", Indian J. Chem., 26A, 194(1987)

Majumdar, A.A. and Gupta, A.R. "Ion Exchange Studiesof Complex Formation Between 18 Crown 6 andHydrogen and Potassium Ions in Aqueous Medium",Indian J. Chem. 26A, 721(1987)

Rao, U.R.K., Manohar, C , Valaulikar, B.S. and Iyer,R.M. "Micellar Chain Model for Viscoelasticity in DiluteSurfactant Solutions", J. Phys. Chem. 91, 3286(1987)

Verma, N.C., Valaulikar, B.S. and Manohar, C."Fluorescence Measurements on Viscoelastic Solutions ofCTAB and Sodium Salicylate", J. of Surf. Sci. and Techn.3, 19(1987)

Kelkar, V.K. and Paranjpe, A.S. "Orientational OrderParameter of Liquid Crystals by X-ray Diffraction, ASimple Approach", Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Letts. 4,139(1987)

Kulshreshtha, S.K. and Iyer, R.M. "Calorimetric Studyof Low-Spin «s High Spin Transition in Bis(l,10 Phen)-2Carbaldehyde Phenyl Hydrogen Iron(II) Diperchlorateand Tetrafluoborate Complexes", Chem. Phys. Letts. 134,239(1987)

Sasikala, R., Gupta, N.M., Kulshreshtha, S.K. and Iyer,R.M. "Carbon Monoxide Methanation Over FeTiIntermetallics", J. Catalysis 107, 510(1987)

Kokre, M.B. and Kesavadas, T. "Uranium(IV)-(VI) MixedValence Complex and Uranyl Complexes with TriethyleneTetraamine", Indian J. Chem. 26A, 516(1987)

Kulshreshtha, S.K. and Maiti, B. "Spin State Transitionin Fe(l,10 Phen) (2,2' Bipy) (NCS) ", Inorg. Chim. Acta134, 131(1987)

Jain, V.K. and Rao, G.S. "Mixed Chloro-MercaptoBridged Dinuclear Platinum (II) Complexes and Then-Catalytic Activity in Homogeneous Hydrogenation",Inorg. Chim. Acta 127, 161(1987)

Jain, V.K. and Jain, L. "Chemical Toxicity Related toHuman Life : General Overview", Pharma Today 1,(0(1987)

l + x

BARC ANNUAL REPORT- 1987 37

Jain, V.K., Rao, G.S. and Jain, L. "The OrganicChemistry of Platinum (IV)", Adv. Organomet. Chem.27, 113(1987)

Jain, V.K. "Preparation and Characterization of MercaptoBridged Homo and Hetero-binuclear Palladium PlatinumComplexes", Inorg. Chim Acta 133, 261(1987)

Visalakshmi, R., Jain, V.K. and Rao, G.S."Diorganotin(IV) Dialkyldithiophosphates : Synthesisand Spectral Studies", Spectrochim. Acta 43A, 1235(1987)

Gangadharan, K., Phatak, G.M. and Rao, G.S. "Studieson Rare Earth Propionates and Chloro-propionates", J.Ind. Chem. Soc. 63(10), 856(1987)

Phatak, G.M., Gangadharan, K. and Rao, G.S."Enrichment of Praseodymium in Binary Mixtures ofNeodymium and Praseodymium", Research and Industry32(2), 124(1987)

Phatak, G.M., Gangadharan, K. and Rao, G.S. "AChemical Process for the Recovery of Gallium from BayerLiquor - A Feasibility Study", Ind. J. of Technol. 25,368(1987)

Singh, A.J. "Zone Refining", Chemistry Education 3,10(1987)

Mathur, B.S. and Mungekar, D.S. "Preparation of HighPurity Phosphorus", Ind. J. of Tech. 25, 359(1987)

Patel, R.P. and Padmanabhan, V.M. "Structure of(2,2'bipyridyl) (4-hydroxy-l-prolinato) Palladium(II) -Chloride Dihydrate", Acta Cryst. C43, 1064(1987)

Patel, R.P. and Padmanabhan, V.M. "Crystal Structureof (2,2'-bipyridyl) (1-prolinato) Palladium(II) - ChlorideTrihydrate", Acta Cryst. A (Supplement) C-183,09.4<1987)

Vaidya, M.A., Deshpande, S.G., Jain, V.K. and Jain, S.C."Synthesis and Characterization of Lanthanide Tris-Cyanoacetates", Inorg. Chim. Acta 143, 123(1988)

Ramachandran, R., Sudheendran, V.M. and George,A.M. "Compaction and Sintering Characteristics of LC20M Powders", Trans. Powd. Metal Assn. India, 13,86(1986)

Kutty, A.P.G. and Sinha, B.K. "Theory of Raman Scat-tering for a Laser Produced Plasma with an ExponentialProfile", Physics of Fluids 29, 1298(1986)

Vaidya, S.N. and Joshi, D.K. "Effect of Pressure on theEutectic Temperature in Systems Au-Si and Ni-Ge", J. LessCommon Metals 116, 11(1986)

Agarwala, R.P., Anand, M.S. and Pande, B.M."Radiation Damage in Zirconium and Its Alloys

(Review)", Diffusion and Defect Data 48, 29(1986)

Agarwala, R.P., Dua, A.K. and Pande, B.M."Characterization and Deuterium Ion BombardmentBehaviour of Titanium Carbide Coatings", J. Nucl. Mat.148, 204(1987)

George, V.C., Dua, A.K. and Agarwala, R.P."Mic-ohardness Measurement of Boron Coating", ThinSolid Films 152(3), L131(1987)

Raj, P. and Sathyamoorthy, A. "On the Acid Hydridingand Activation of FeTi", J. Less-Common Met. 115,235(1986)

Raj, P., Sathyamoorthy, A., Suryanarayana, P. and Iyer,R.M. "Nickel Substituted FeTi Hydrides : A Critical Studyof the 0-region", J. Less-Common Met. 123, 145(1986)

Raj, P. and Sathyamoorthy, A. "Hydrogen Diffusion in/J(Fe NI )TiHx(x>1.0) Hydride Using MossbauerSpectroscopy", J. Less-Common Met. 129, 139(1987)

Raj, P., Sathyamoorthy, A., Suryanarayana, P., Singh,A.J. and Iyer, R.M. "Hydriding Behaviour of FeTi andFeTi, 15 : Ease of Activation and Skipping of /3-region",J. Less-Common Met. 130, 139(1987)

Raj, P. and Sathyamoorthy, A. "Hydrogen Diffusion: ASimple Approach Using Mossbauer Spectroscopy",Hyperfine Interactions 35, 845(1987)

Raj, P., Sathyamoorthy, A. and Rao, I.K. "Structure of(Fe, JAJ - (B, Si Metallic Glasses: (M=Co, Ni; x=0 or=20; y=0 or =10) Using Mossbauer Hyperfine ParameterCorrelations", Key Engineering Materials Trans. Tech.Publications, Switzerland (1987)

Tiwari, G.P., Nair, P.K.K., Goswamy, G.L. and Raj, P."Mechanism of Structural Relaxation in a Metallic Glass",J. Non-Cryst. Solids 92, 341(1987)

Yakhmi, J.V., Gopalakrishnan, I.K., Gupta, L.C., Umarji,A.M., Vijayaraghavan, R. and Iyer, R.M. "Bulk Super-conductivity at 36K in La.8Sr CuO ", Phys. Rev. (B)35, 7122(1987) " '

Gopalakrishnan, I.K., Yakhmi, J.V. and Iyer, R.M. "ZeroElectrical Resistance at 106 K in YBa,Cu3O7 ", Nature327, 604(1987)

Umarji, A.M., Gopalakrishnan, I.K., Yakhmi, J.V.,Gupta, L.C., Vijayaraghavan, R. and Iyer, R.M. "On theHigh-Tc Superconductivity in (Y( xBax)2CuO4 andLa, fiSrn ,CuO " Current Sci. " 56, 250(1987)

Phatak, G.M., Umarji, A.M., Yakhmi, J.V., Gupta, L.CGangadharan, K., Iyer, R.M., Vijayaraghavan, R.

BARC, ANrtUAL REPORT -1987 3S

"Superconductivity and Localization in(La,Y)2 xSrxCuO4", Solid State Communications 63,905(1987)

Gopalakrishnan, I.K., Umarji, A.M., Yaakhmi, J.V.,Gupta, L.C., Iyer, R.M., Vijayaraghavan, R. "On theSynthesis and Superconducting Properties ofLa, gM02CuO4 Systems", Materials Lett. 5, 165(1987)

Yakhmi, J.V., Iyer, R.M., Umarji, A.M., Rajarajan, A.K.,Gupta, L.C. and Vijayaraghavan, R. "SuperconductivityCharacteristics of Y ,Ba0 gCuO4 8", Phase Transitions 10,49(1987)

Momin, A.C., Mathews, M.D., Jakkal, V.S.,Gopalakrishnan, I.K., Yakhmi, J.V. and Iyer, R.M. "HighTemperature X-ray Powder Diffractometric Studies of theSuperconducting Compound YBa2Cu3O7 x from RoomTemperature to 1300 K in Air", Solid State Communica-tions 64, 329(1987)

Dharwadkar, S.R., Jakkal, V.S., Yakhmi, J.V.,Gopalakrishnan, I.K. and Iyer, R.M. "X-ray DiffractionCoupled Thermogravimetric Investigations ofYBa2Cu3O7 x", Solid State Communications 64,1429(1987)

Sastry, M.D., Dalvi, A.G.I., Babu, Y., Kadam, R.M.,Yakhmi, J.V. and Iyer, R.M. "Possible Role of(Cu2+-Cu4+) Pairs in the Superconductivity of High-TcYBa2Cu3O7x : An EPR Investigation", Nature 330,49(1987)

Vijayaraghavan, R., Gupta, L.C., Yakhmi, J.V. and Iyer,R.M. "Possible Superconductivity at 140 K", Phase Tran-sitions 10, 61(1987)

Chaddah, P., Gopalakrishnan, I.K., Yakhmi, J.V. andGodwal, B.K. "Superconductivity in ShockedCu2Mo6S8" Phys. Rev. (B) 36, 3941(lst Sept. 1987)

Umarji, A.M., Yakhmi, Y.V., Nambudiripad, N., Iyer,R.M., Gupta, L.C. and Vijayaraghavan, R. "MagneticProperties of Two New Uranium Compounds - UCu4Auand UCu4Pd", J. Phys. F. (Metal Physics) 17, 1225(1987)

Yakhmi, J.V., Gopaiakrishnan, I.K., Iyer, R.M. andStanford, J.L. "On the Size of the Electrical ResistivityAnomaly at the Neel Transition of Dilute Cr-Al Alloy",J. Phys. F : Metal Physics 17, L65(1987)

Gopalakrishnan, I.K., Yakhmi, J.V. and Iyer, R.M. "TheElectrical Conductivity Behaviour of Ni2 xCuxMo6S8", I.Mater. Sci. (Letters) 6(7), 839(1987)

Iyer, R.M., Phatak, G.M., Gopalakrishnan, I.K., Yakhmi,J.V. and Gangadharan, K. "Superconductors, How They

are Made ?", Science Today 21(8), 17(1987)

Gopalakrishnan, I.K., Vaidya, M.A., Yakhmi, J.V. andIyer, R.M. "Superconducting Characteristics of Slow-Cooled Bulk YBa2Cu3O, / , Appl. Phys. Lett. 51,1367(1987)

Mahal, H.S. and Lai, Manohar "Free Radical InducedDecomposition of Bromouracil (BU) in Air Free and AirSaturated Aqueous Solutions", Convention of Chemists,Kolhapur, 1987

Kumar, M., Rao, M.H. and Rao, K.N. "Polymerisationof Cyclohexyl Methacrylate Initiated by Ionizing Radia-tion - Evidence for Ionic Contribution in Methacrylate",8th ICRR, Edinburgh, July 1987

Moorthy, P.N. "Description of Pulsed ElectronAccelerator and Its Applications in Chemistry", Seminaron Physics and Technology of Particle Accelerators andTheir Applications, Calcutta (1987)

Kishore, K., Guha, S.N. and Moorthy, P.N. "One Elec-tron Oxidation of Flavins", ISRAPS Seminar on Radia-tion and Photochemical Sciences, IIT, Powai, Bombay,Dec. 1987

Mukherjee, T. "A Novel Sulphonate Loss fromRadiolytically Reduced Quinizarin-2-Sulphonate", DAESymposium on Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry,Bombay, Jan. 1988

Guha, S.N., Moorthy, P.N., Kishore, K., Naik, D.B. andRao, K.N. "Redox Reactions of Thionine Studied by PulseRadiolysis", Research Scholors' Meet, 1987 Abstract IV4, Indian Chem. Soc and Bombay Univ., 1987

Panajkar, M.S., Moorthy, P.N. and Shirke, N.D."Software for Acquisition and Processing of PulseRadiolysis Data", National Symposium on PersonalComputers in Science and Engineering, BARC, Bombay,Feb. 1988

Priyadarsini, K.I., Naik, D.B. and Moorthy, P.N. "PulseRadiolysis Study of Coumarin 153 in CyclohexaneSolution", DAE Symp. Radiochemistry and RadiationChemistry, Bombay, 1988

Naik, D.B. and Moorthy, P.N. "One Electron Oxidationof 3-Pyridinol", ibid.

Kumar, M., Rao, M.H., Moorthy, P.N. and Rao, K.N."Pulse Radiolysis Study of Initiation and Propagation inRadiation Induced Polymerization of Cyclohexyl-Methacrylate", ibid.

Guha, S.N., Kishore, K. and Moorthy, P.N. "One ElectronOxidation and Methylene Blue in Aqueous Solution",


ibid.

Hari Mohan and Moorthy, P.N. "Pulse Radiolysis In-vestigations on OH Radical Reactions with Ido-benzenein Aqueous in Aqueous Solutions", ibid..

Kapoor, S., Gopinathan, C. and Iyer, R.M. "The /?-Carotene Triplet in Mixed Solvents", ibid.

Hari Mohan and Gopinathan, C. "Oxidation Reactionsof Bilirubin in Aqueous Solution", ibid.

Thomas, V.G., Srivastava, S.B., Moorthy, P.N. "PulseRadiolysis of Aqueous Solution of Metal Complexes",ibid.

Kulshreshtha, S.K., Thomas, V.G. and Srivastava, S.B."Chemical After Effects of Nuclear Transformation in(CH3)2SnCl2(Py2CH2). A "9Sn Mossbauer Effect andRadiochemical Study", ibid.

Lai, Manohar and Mahal, H.S. "Reactions of ThiylRadicals (RS) from Thiols and Disulphides with Antiox-idants: A Pulse Radioiytic Study", ibid.

Moorthy, P.N., Kishore, K., Guha, S.N,, Naik, D.B. andMahadevan, J. "Redox Processes in PhenothiazinesStudied by Pulse Radiolysis", Symp. on Fast ExcitationProcesses, Tokyo, March 1988

Moorthy, P.N., Priyadarsini, K.I. and Naik, D.B. "Studieson Pulsed Electron Beam Induced Processes in Hydro-Carbon Solutions of Coumarin Dyes", ibid.

Pal, H.D., Palit, D.K., Mukherjee, X, Mittal, J.P."Fluorescence Decay Times of Tyrosines : Possible Appli-cation in Identifying Irradiated Food", Convention ofChemists, Kolhapur, Nov. 1987

Mukherjee, T. "Radiation and Photochemical Researchand Scientific Bias - Do They Go Together ?" ISRAPSSeminar on Radiation and Photochemical Sciences, IIT,Bombay, Dec. 1987

Pal, H.D. "Rotational Dynamics of Quinizarin in Glycerol: A Fluorescence Depolarisation Study", ibid.

Palit, D.K., Pal, H.D., Mukherjee, T. and Mittal, J.P."Fluorescence Decay Study of Anisotropic Rotations ofQuinizarin", Symp. on Fast Excitation Processes, Tokyo,Japan, March 1988

Saini, R.D. "Application of Flash Photolysis inChemistry", Proc. ISRAPS Workshop on Current Trendsin Experimental Techniques in Photochemistry and Radia-tion Chemistry, Trombay, 1987

Sapre, A.V. "Molecular Beam Studies : ChemicalApplications", ISRAPS Workshop on Experimental

Methods in Photo and Radiation Chemistry, Bombay Dec1986

Pavanaja, U.B., Naik, P.D., Sapre, A.V., Mittal, J.P.,Rama Rao, K.V.S. and Iyer, R.M. "Beam Gas Studies onChemiluminescence from Sm+SF6 Reaction", Proc. IVDAE Symp. on Quantum Electronics, Cochin, Dec 1986

Pavanaja, U.B. "Computer Program for Kinetic Spec-trometric Data Analysis Using Personal Computer",ISRAPS Seminar on Radiation and PhotochemicalSciences, Bombay, Dec. 1987

Naik, P.D. "Chemiluminescem Reaction of Samariumwith Halogenated Hydrocarbons", ibid.

Ayyar, N.V., Rao, K.A. and Bhattacharyya, P.K. "MassSpectra of 1,3 Dithiolane 2-Thione", Proc. 4th NationalSymp. on Mass Spectrometry, Bangalore, 1986

Ayyar, N.V. and Rao, Annaji K. "Modifications in theSample Introduction Facility of Mass Spectrometer - VG Micromass-70-70 F", ibid.

Venkataramani, B. "Recovery of Uranium from Sea Water(Hindi)", National Seminar (In Hindi) on Training andResearch in Nuclear Science and Technology, BARC. Dec.1986

Goyal, P.S., Desa, J.A.E., Narasimhan, S.L., Dasan-nacharya, B.A., Valaulikar, B.S., Kelkar, V.K. andManohar, C. "Small Angle Neutron ScatteringMeasurements on Micelle to Gel Transition in Solutionsof CTAB and Sodium Salicylate", International Conf. onNeutron Scattering, Advances and Applications, Sydney,1987

Vaidya, M.A. and Jain, S.C. "Coordination Compoundsof Rare Earth Cyanoacctates", Annual Convention ofChemists, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Nov. 1987

Deshpande, S.G. and Jain, S.C. "Mixed Ligand Com-plexes of Uranium", ibid.

Sagoria, V.S. and Gill, M.S. "Volatile Compounds of fi-Diketonates of Dichlorouranium(IV) withTetrahydrofuran and Dimethoxyethane", ibid.

Sastry, M.S., Kulshreshtha, S.K. and Sastry, M.D. "Homoand Hetero-Binuclear Complexes of Mo and Cu withThioglycollic Acid", DAE National Symp. on UnusualValence States, BARC, Bombay 1987

Sastry, M.S. and Kulshreshtha, S.K. "HeterobinuclearComplexes of Mo-Fe and Mo-Sn with Thioglycollic Acid",ibid.

Kulshreshtha, S.K. "Nature of Spin State Transition in

BARC ANMUAL REPORT-1987 40

Fe(bt)2(NCS)2 and Fe(btS)2 (NCS)/, ibid.

Kulshreshtha, S.K. and Maiti, B. "Nature of Spin StateTransition in Mixed Ligand Fe(II) Complexes", ibid.

Iyer, R.K., Karweer, S.B. and Jain, V.K. "Studies onAluminium Complexes with Some AminocarboxylicAcids", 24th Annual Convention of Chemists, ShivajiUniv., Kolhapur, Nov. 1987

Patel, R.P. and Padmanabhan, V.M. "Crystal Structureof (2,2'-bipyridyl)(l-prolinato) Palladium(II) - ChlorideTrihydrate", XIV International Congress onCrystallography, Perth, Australia, Aug. 1987

Kulshreshtha, S.K., Sastry, M.S., Goyal, P.S. andDasannacharya, B.A. "Quenching of Phase Transition inRb, XH2PO4", DAE Solid State Physics Symp., Bombay1987

Chakravarthy, R., Madhav Rao, L., Paranjpe, S.K.,Kulshreshtha, S.K., Soper, A.K. and Howells, W.S."Magnetic Structure of Disordered SpinelZn0 5Co0 5CrFeO4", ibid.

Sastry, M.D., Kadam, R.M., Babu, Y., Dalvi, A.G.,Kulshreshtha, S.K., Yakhmi, J.V. and Iyer, R.M. "EPRand Mossbauer Studies of Superconducting

S n ^ O ^ " , ibid.

Iyer, R.M., \akhmi, J.V., Sastry, M.D., Dharwadkar, S.R.,Gopalakrishnan, I.K. and Phatak, G.M. "ChemicalSynthesis and Oxygen Stoichiometry of High Tfc Super-conductors YBajCUjO^", Presented at NovosibiriskUSSR, Conf. on Superconductivity, Oct. 1987

Yakhmi, J.V., Gupta, L.C., Gopalakrishnan, K.K.,Umarji, A.M., Iyer, R.M. and Vijayaraghavan "High-Tc

Superconductivity in La,gM02CuO4 (M=Sr, Ca, Ba),'Lt-18 '-International Conf.", Japan, August 1987

Sequeira, A., Rajagopal, H., Gopalakrishnan, I.K. andYakhmi, J.V. "Neutron Profile Refinement Study ofAgeing in Superconducting YBa2Cu3O?x", NationalSeminar on Crystallography, Gandhiji Univ.,Changanachery, Dec 1987

Sastry, P.V.P.S.S., Gopalakrishnan, I.K., Gangadharan,K., Phatak, G.M., Yakhmi, J.V. and Iyer, R.M."Superconductivity of YBa2Cu3O? x: Effect of Substitu-tion on Different Lattice Sites", DAE Solid State PhysicsSymp. Bombay Dec. 1987

Yakhmi, J.V., Gopalakrishnan, I.K., Sastry, P.V.P.S.S. andIyer, R.M. "An Attempt to Raise Transport - Jc inSintered YBa2Cu3O7.x", ibid.

Sastry, M.D., Kadam, R.M., Babu, Y., Dalvi, A.G.I.,

Kulshreshtha, S.K., Yakhmi, J.V. and Iyer, R.M. "EPRand Mossbauer Studies of SuperconductingYBa2Cu2 85Sn015O7.x", ibid.

Sastry, M.D., Babu, Y., Kadam, R.M., Dalvi, A.G.I.,Yakhmi, J.V. and Iyer, R.M. "On the Resonance Natureof the Low-field Microwave Absorption in

O, x", ibid.

Vaidya, S.N., Kutty, A.P.G. and Srinivasan, M.P."Resistivity, Thermopower and Hall Effect of High-TcOxides", ibid.

Tomy, C.V., Yakhmi, J.V., Umarji, A.M., Gupta, L.C. andVijayaraghavan, R. "The Role of Re in the Magnetic Pro-perties of U(Fe,xRex)2" Proc. of Vth Int. Conf onValence Fluctuations, Plenum Press, Bangalore, Jan. 1987

Umarji, A.M., Yakhmi, J.V., Tomy, C.V., Iyer, R.M.,Gupta, L.C. and Vijayaraghavan, R. "Resistivity Studiesof UM2Si2 (M=Rh, Ir, Os)", ibid.

Yakhmi, J.V., Umarji, A.M., Malik, S.K., Gupta, L.C.,Iyer, R.M. and Vijayaraghavan, R. "Magnetism ofURu2Si2 as Influenced by Re and Os Substitution", ibid.

Grover, A.K., Tribedi, L.C., Nagarajan, R., Yakhmi, J.V.and Gupta, L.C. "^Fe Mossbauer Measurements Acrossthe Multiple Transitions in Reentrant Spin GlassPt3FexMn l x Alloys", Presented at ICAME 1987(Australia)

George, A.M. "Some Systematics of Perovskite RelatedCompounds", Seminar on High-Tc Superconductors,BARC, June 1987

Pillai, C.G.S. and George, A.M. "Anomalous ThermalConductivity of Rare Earth Cobalt Oxides", VI NationalSymp. Thermal Analysis, IIT, New Delhi, Dec. 1987

Kutty, A.P.G. and Vaidya, S.N. "High Pressure Studieson YBa2Cu3O7(j and YBa, 5Ca0 5Cu3O7.d", Nucl Physand Solid State Phys Symp,'BARC, Bombay, Dec. 1987

Kutty, A.P.G. and Vaidya, S.N. "High Pressure Studieson La2CuO4 and La, gSr0 2CuO4", ibid.

Srinivasan, M.P., Vaidya, S.N., Dhar, S.K. and Malik,S.K. "Effect of Pressure on the Electrical Resistivity andThermoelectric Power of CePd3Bx", ibid.

Karunakaran, C , Vaidya, S.N., Dey, G.K., Joshi, D.K.and Ramachandra Rao, P. "High Pressure Studies on Mg-Cu-Al :Mg-Zn-Al Alloys", ibid.

Raj, P., Suryanarayana, P., Sathyamoorthy, A. and Iyer,R.M. "A New Hydride Phase in Zr-Fe-H System ;Mbssbauer Studies", ibid.


Raj, P., Sathyamoortiiy, A. and Rao, I.K."(FexNi, x)77B,3Si,0 : Magnetic State and Short RangeOrder", ibid.

Dua, A.K. "Coatings and Their Applications", Symp. onNucI Sci and Technol: Education and Research (In Hin-di) BARC, 1986

George, V.C., Dua, A.K. and Agarwala, R.P. "Study ofBoron Coatings", Intl. Conf. on Thin Films, Delhi, 7 Dec.1987

Dua, A.K. and George, V.C. "Preparation andCharacterization of A12O3 Coatings Prepared by EBEvaporation", Symp on Advances in Surface Treatmentof Metals (ASTOM), BARC, Bombay 1987

Pande, B.M., Anand, M.S. and Agarwala, R.P. "Dose andEnergy Dependence of Helium Ion Irradiated Monel 400,STP 955/Radiation Induced Changes in Microstructure",Proc. Int. Symp. (Part I) American Society of TestingMaterials, USA (1987)

Anand, M.S., Pande, B.M. and Agarwala, R.P. "HeliumIon Damage in Molybdenum", Seminar on Physics andTechnology of Particle Accelerators and Their Applica-tions, VECC, Calcutta (1987)

Mittal, J.P. "Pulse Radiolysis Studies of Fast ChemicalProcesses", TIFR Workshop on Study of Fast ChemicalProcesses, Lonavala, Jan 1987 (Invited Talk)

Mittal, L.J. and Mittal, J.P. "Complimentariness of PulseRadiolysis and Flash Photolysis", ibid. (Invited Talk)

Chowdhury, P.K. "TEA CO2 Laser InducedPhotochemical Processes in Some Polyatomic Molecules",4th Quantum Electronics Symposium, Cochin, Dec. 1986(Invited Talk)

Rama Rao, K.V.S. "Infra Red Muitiphoton Chemistry",ISRAPS Workshop on Experimental Methods in Photoand Radiation Chemistry (Invited Talk)

Rama Rao, K.V.S. "Molecular Beam Studies on ExoergicReactions", ISRAPS Seminar on Radiation andPhotochemical Sciences, Bombay, Dec. 1987 (Invited Talk)

Moorthy, P.N. "Fast Reaction Techniques for the Studyof Radiation Damage at Molecular Level", NationalSymp. on Radiation Biology, Manipal, 1987 (Invited Talk)

Kulshreshtha, S.K. "Spin State Transitions in FE(II)Complexes", DAE National Symp on Unusual ValenceStates, BARC, Bombay (1987) (Invited Talk)

Jain, V.K. "The Chemistry of Platinum(I)", NationalSymposium on Unusual Valence States in Coordination

Compounds, BARC, Bombay, Nov. (1987) (Invited Ta'k)

Sathaye, N.S., Kishore, K. and Moorthy, P.N. "RemoteControlled Motor Drive for Hanging Mercury DropElectrode", BARC-1363 (1987)

Panajkar, M.S., Kunjappu, J.T., Rao, K.N. and Gadgil,M.L. "GC-MS Determination of Thiodiglycolic Acid, aUrine Metabolite of Vinyl Chloride in Man", BARC-1339(1986)

Mathur, B.S., Suryanarayana, P., Bhatt, K.B., Shelar,K.N. and Singh, A.J. "High Pressure High TemperatureSynthesis of III-V Compounds", BARC/I-921

Anand, M.S. and Pruthi, D.D. "Hydrogen Diffusion inTantalum", BARC-1379 (1987)

Chowdhury, P.K. "TEA CO2 Laser InducedPhotochemical Processes in Some Polyatomic Molecules",Ph.D. Thesis, Bombay University, 1987

Talukdar, R. " Ive r Spectroscopic and PhotochemicalStudies with Molecular Beams", Ph.D. Thesis, BombayUniversity, 1987

Gopalakrishna Kaimal, K.N. "Studies on the Release andTrapping Phenomena of Gaseous and Volatile FissionProducts in Oxide Nuclear Fuels", Ph.D. Thesis, BombayUniversity, 1987

Visalakshi, R. "Synthesis, Reactivity and SpectroscopicStudies on Organotin Compounds", Ph.D. Thesis,Bombay University, 1987

Patel, R.P. "Synthesis, Molecular, Crystal StructureAspects of Some Palladium(II) Complexes", Ph.D. Thesis,Bombay University, 1987

Pillai, C.G.S. "Study of Heat Transport in Rare Earth andTransition Metal Oxide Systems", Ph.D. Thesis, BombayUniversity, 1987

Guha, S.N. "Photochemistry of Organic Compounds andRadiation Chemical Studies of Thiazine Dyes and U(VI)Ions", Ph.D. Thesis, Bombay University, 1987

Joshi, D.K. "Investigation on Materials at HighPressures", M.Sc. Thesis, Bombay University, 1987

Paul, A.R., Naik, M.C. and Venkateswarlu, K.S. "MassTransport of Cobalt and Copper in Monel-400", J. Nucl.Mater. 149, 277(1987)

Momin, A.C., Mathews, M.D., Jakkal, V.S., Gopala-krishnan, I.G., Yakhmi, J.V. and Iyer, R.M. "High Tempe-rature X-ray Powder Diffractometric Studies of the SuperConducting Compound YBa2Cu3O7 x from RoomTemperature to 1300 in Air", Solid State Communications

BARC. ANNUAL REPORT - 19B7 42

64, 329(1987)

Das, CM. and Venkateswaran, G. "On the Formation ofProtective Sulphide Coatings on Carbon Steel Surfaces",Corros. Sci. 27(12), 1287(1987)

Sastry, M.D., Kadam, R.M., Rao, U.R.K., Shaikh, S.A.,Venkateswarlu, K.S. and Wani, B.N. "Structural PhaseTransitions in Vanadium OxyfJuoride AnionicCompounds", Phase Transitions 9, 345(1987)

Rangarajan, S. and Narasimhan, S.V. "Monitoring ofHeavy Metals in Kalpakkam Coastal Waters by Voltam-metric Method", International Seminar on InstrumentalMethods of Electrochemical Analysis, Mysore, Oct. 1987

Mathur, P.K. and Narasimhan, S.V. "CondensateDemineralisation and Maintenance of Water for OptimumPerformance", National Seminar on Water Treatment,Madras, April 1987

Nair, K.V.K., Satpathy, K.K., Eswaran, M.S. andMurugan, P. "Biofouling and Its Control in Power PlantCooling Systems Using Sea Water", ibid.

Murugan, P., Eswaran, M.S. and Nair, K.V.K. "TheNature Distribution and Seasonal Abundance of Biofoul-ing Community in Coastal Waters", National Symposiumon Marine Resources, Visakapatnam, May 1987

Nair, K.V.K. "Primary Productivity and PhotosyntheticPigments in the Edaiyur-Sadras Estuarine System atKalpakkam", ibid.

Venkateswaran, G., Venkateswarlu, K.S. and Galow, G."On the Corrosion Characteristics of Some ModifiedAluminium Alloys in Sea Water with Different Pre-treatments Under Dynamic and Nearly StaticConditions", Xth International Congress on MetallicCorrosion, Madras, Nov. 1987

Mathur, P.K. "Water Chemistry in Nuclear PowerIndustry", National Symposium on Emerging Frontiersof Chemistry, Bombay, Nov. 1987

Venkateswarlu, K.S. "Research Trends in Hot AtomChemistry", ibid.

Ramshesh, V. "Radiolytic Gas Generation During Normaland Accident Situations in PHWRs", Proc. of Coor-dinated Research Programme Meeting on Investigationsof Fuel Element Cladding Interaction with Coolant inPower Reactors and Topical Meeting on Water Chemistryin Nuclear Energy Systems, 153, Bombay, Nov. 1986

Venkateswaran, G. "Hydrogen Generation throughZirconium-steam Reaction and Related Safety Problemsunder Accident Conditions-Case Study of PHWRs",

ibid., 104

Narasimhan, S.V. "Computer Modelling in Automationof Water Chemistry Control in PHWRs", ibid., 145

Mathur, P.K. "Water Chemistry Control for MinimisingActivity Transport and Radiation Field Build-up aroundPrimary Coolant Circuit of Nuclear Power Reactors",ibid., 19

Venkateswarlu, K.S. "Water and Steam Chemistry underAccident Conditions of Water Cooled Nuclear Reactors",ibid., 70

Satpathy, K.K., Nair, K.V.K. and Mathur, P.K."Contribution of Edaiyar-Sadras Estuarine System to theHydrographic Characteristics of Kalpakkam CoastalWaters", National Symposium on Estuarine Biology,Annamalai, Oct. 1986

Rao, U.R.K., Venkateswarlu, K.S. and Wani, B.N."Reduction of V2O5 with Oxalic Acid", NationalSymposium on Unusual Valence State in CoordinationCompounds, BARC, Bombay, Nov. 1987

Mathews, M.D., Mirza, E.B. and Momin, A.C."Oxidation Studies of Doped UO2 and (Th,U)O? SolidSolutions", Proceedings of Vlth National Symposium onThermal Analysis, IIT, Delhi, Dec. 1987

Mirza, E.B., Mathews, M.D. and Momin, A.C. "DSCStudies of Mixed La,.xSrxCrO3 and La, xNdxCrO3", ibid.

Venkateswarlu, K.S., Ramshesh, V., Rao, U.R.K. andVenkateswaran, G. "An Assessment of Hydrogen Depen-dent Safety Issues in Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors",IAEA-Technical Committe Meeting on Hydrogen RelatedSafety issues in Nuclear Power Plants, Japan, 1986

Venkateswarlu, K.S. and Dharwadkar, S.R. "Influence ofSteam Hydrogen Environment on Chemical Forms of Ruand Sr Released during Severe Reactor Accidents", ibid.

Iyer, R.K., Karweer, S.B, and Jain, V.K. "Studies onAluminium Complexes with Some AminopolycarboxylicAcids", Annual Convention of Chemists, Kolhapur, Nov.1987

Namboodiri, P.N., Phadnis, A.B. and Deshpande, V.V."Studies on Scandium Tungstates", Vlth National Sym-posium on Thermal Analysis, New Delhi, Dec. 1987

Namboodiri, P.N. and Deshpande, V.V. "Thermal Stabi-lity and Phase Transition Studies on Diammonium Zincand Cadmium Halides", ibid.

Deniz, Usha K., Parvatanathan, P.S., Dutta, Geeta andMirza, E.B. "Thermal Studies of DPPC-lysozyme-H2O


System" ibid.

Mirza, E.B., Denis, Usha K., Parvatanathan, P.S. andDutta, Geeta "Phase Changes in DPPC-H2O Induced bythe Protein Lysozyme", ibid.

Bharadwaj, S.R., Dharwadkar, S.R. and Chattopadhyay,G. "Characterization of Ag21eO3", ibid.

Easwaran, M.S., Nair, K.V.K. and Venkateswarlu, K.S."Analytical Assesment of Water Quality of an OpenReservoir at Kalpakkam", ISAS Nat. Symp. AnalyticalSciences for Environmental Studies, Burdhwan, Jan. 1987

Kerkar, A.S., Bharadwaj, S.R.(Smt), Iripathi, S.N. andChandrasekariah, M.S. "A Knudsen Cell Assembly for theStudy of Thermal Stability of Nuclear Materials", Proc.Symp. on Indigcneous Nuclear Equipment, Bombay, Feb.1987

Mathur, P.K. "Corrosion Control by Cathodic Protection-Theory and Practice", Nat. Workshop on Corrosion Con-trol by Cathodic Protection and Anodic Passivation,Kalpakkam, Jan. 1987

Venkateswarlu, K.S. "Metal-Water Reactions", XIV Conf.of Indian Association for Radiation Protection, Bombay,Jan. 1987

Nair, K.V.K. "The Role of Base Line Studies in theManagement of Estuarine Ecosystems", Nat. Seminar onEstuarine Management, Trivandrum, June 1987

Gokale, A.S., Mathur, P.K. and Venkateswarlu, K.S. "IonExchange Resins for Water Purification, Properties andCharacteristics", BARC-1364 (1987)

Jain, H.C. "Recent Developments in the Techniques ofMass Spectrometry", Indian J. Earth Sciences 13,93(1986)

Aggarwal, S.K., Ghourasiya, G., Duggal, R.K., Rao, R.,Ramasubramanian, P.A. and Jain, S.C. "Reverse IsotopeDilution Alpha Spectrometry Using Plutonium-239 Spikefor Determining Plutonium Concentration in High Burn-up Fuel Samples Without Purification fromAmericium-241 and a Bulk of Other Impurities", J.Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., Letters 119, 1(1987)

Aggarwal, S.K., Duggal, R.K., Rao, R., Rama-subramanian, P.A. and Jain, S.C. "Precision and Ac-curacy in the Determination of 239Pu/233U, MIAm/233Uand ^ C m / ^ U Alpha Activity Ratios by AlphaSpectrometry", J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., Letters 106,295(1986)

Ramakumar, K.L., Khodade, P.S., Parab, A.R.,Chitambar, S.A. and Jain, H.C. "Application of DicesiumMetaborate Ion for the Determination of Boron by Ther-

mal Ionisation Mass Spectrometry", J. Radioanal. Nucl.Chem., Letters 107, 215(1986)

Aggarwal, S.K., Duggal, R.K. and Jain, H.C. "AlphaSpectrum Evaluation Method for the Simultaneous Deter-mination of Plutonium, Americium and Curium", J.Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., Letters 107, 263(1986)

Datta, B.P., Raman, V.A., Sant, V.L., Kavimandan, V.D.and Jain, H.C. "Charge Distribution of Elements in theIon Beam produced from a RF-spark Ion Source", Int.J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc. 73, 13(1987)

Ramakumar, K.L., Raman, V.A., Sant, V.L., Shah, P.M..,Kavimandan, V.D. and Jain, H.C. "Determination ofHydrogen in Zircaloy by Spark Source MassSpectrometry", Anal. Lett. 19, 2147(1986)

Vaidya, V.N., Mukherjee, S.K., Joshi, J.K., Kamat, R.V.and Sood, D.D. "A Study of Chemical Parameters of theInternal Gelation Based Sol-gel Process for UraniumDioxide", J. Nucl. Materials 148, 324(1987)

Venugopal, V., Iyer, V.S., Sundaresh, V., Singh, Ziley,Prasad, R. and Sood, D.D. "Standard Molar Gibbs FreeEnergy of Formation of NaCrO2 by e.m.f.Measurements", J. Chemical Ferodynamics 19, 19(1987)

Aggarwal, S.K., Duggal, R.K., Rao, R., Rama-subramanian, P.A. and Jain, H.C. "Investigations for theDetermination of Plutonium Concentration EmployingNon- Isotopic Diluent in Alpha Spectrometry (NIDAS)",Radiochemica Acta 41, 23(1987)

Prasad, R., Iyer, V.S., Venugopal, V., Sundaresh, V.,Singh, Ziley and Sood, D.D. "Partial and Integral MolarThermodynamic Properties of Nile, x (x=0.595 to 0.630)Alloys", J. Chemical Thermodynamics 19, 891(1987)

Aggarwal, S.K. and Jain, H.C. "Half-Life of M1Pu : Pastand Present", J. Radional. Nucl. Chem. - Articles 109,183(1987)

Prasad, R., Iyer, V.S., Venugopal, V., Singh, Ziley andSood, D.D. "Thermodynamic Studies of N L ^ by cm.f.Measurements", J. Chemical Thermodynamics 19,613(1987)

Ramakumar, K.L., Raman, V.A., Sant, V.L., Kavi-mandan, V.D. and Jain, H.C. "Carbon Cluster Forma-tion in an RF-Spark Discharge", Int. J. Mass Spectrom.Ion Proc. 75, 171(1987)

Keshav Chander, Patil, B.N., Kamath, J.V., Khedekar,N.B., Manolkar, R.B. and Marathe, S.G. "Direct Dissolu-tion of Nuclear Materials for Chemical Quality Control",Nucl. Technol. 78, 69(1987)


Venugopal, V., Iyer, V.S., Agarwal, Renu, Roy, K.N.,Prasad, R. and Sood, D.D. "Solid State e.m.f. andCalorimetric Studies on Cs2Cr207(l)", J. Chem. Ther-modynamics 19, 1047(1987)

Venugopal, V., Agarwal, Renu, Roy, K.N., Prasad, R. andSood, D.D. "Enthalpy Increment Measurements on Csl(s)and Cs2CrO4(g) by High Temperature CalvetCalorimeter", J. Chem. Thermodynamics 19, 1105(1987)

Chadha, A., Jayadevan, N.C. and Singh Mudher, K.D."Thermal Decomposition of Tetrakisoxalatouranates (IV)of Mixed Metals: Characterisation of a New PotassiumUranate Phase", Thermochimica Acta III, 67(1987)

Krishnan, K., Singh Mudher, K.D. and Jayadevan, N.C."Thermal and X-ray Studies on Double Sulphates ofUraniu.m(IV) with Magnesium, Nickel, Copper and Zinc",Paper No. IV.3. Proc. Sixth National Symposium on Ther-mal Analysis, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi,Dec. 1987

Sampath, S., Kulkarni, N.K. and Jayadevan, N.C. "X-ray and Thermal Studies on Uranyl Acetates of Zinc,Magnesium and Nickel", Paper No. IV.4, ibid.

Chadha, A., Singh Mudher, K.D. and Jayadevan, N.C."X-ray and Thermal Studies on KLnU(C2O4)4.8H2O(Ln=La, Ce, Pr, Nd or Tb)", Seventh Annual Conferenceof Indian Council of Chemists, Gwalior, Dec. 1987

Ramakrishna, V.V. and Patil, S.K. "Macroporous Resinsin Actinide Separations", DAE Symposium onRadiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry, BARC,Bombay, 1988 (Invited Talk)

Gopinath,N.,Kamat, J.V.,Sharma, H.S., Marathe.S.G.and Jain, H.C. "Dissolution of UC for CoulometricDetermination of U", Paper No. CT-01, ibid.

Shivarudrappa, V., Mithapara, P.D., Marathe, S.G. andJain, H.C. "Recovery of Pu from Phosphoric Acid Wasteusing Mono Octyl Phenyl Phosphoric Acid", Paper No.CT-07, ibid.

Manolkar, R.B., Keshav Chander, Marathe, S.G. and Jain,H.C. "Studies on the Recovery of Pu from Solutions Con-taining Thorium and EDTA", Paper No. CT-08, ibid.

Kadam, A., Karekar, C.V., Charyulu, M.M., Sivarama-krishnan, C.K. "Studies on the Sorption of Plutoniumon Alumina from Carbonate Media", Paper No. CT-13,ibid.

Sawant, R.M. and Chaudhuri, N.K. "Measurement ofStability Constants of the F Complexes of letra ActinidesUsing F ' Ion Selective Electrode - A Feasibility Study onTh(IV), Paper No. CT-14, ibid.

Bhanushali, R.D., Negi, S. and Ramakrishna, V.V. "TheExtraction of U(VI) from HCl Acid by D^HPA andMixtures of D2EHPA and HTTA", Paper No. CT-17,ibid.

Phal, D.G., Kannan, S. and Ramakrishna, V.V."Extraction of Pu(IV) by D2EHPA from Sulphuric AcidMedium", Paper No. CT-18, ibid.

Kannan, S., Phal, D.G. and Ramakrishna, V.V. "Influenceof Nitrate Ion on the Extraction of Pu(IV) by D2EHPAfrom Sulphuric Acid Medium", Paper No. CT-19, ibid.

Phal, D.G., Kannan, S. and Ramakrishna, V.V. "The Extraction Behaviour of Pu(IV) from Nitric Acid and Nitric-Perchloric Acid Mixtures into D2EHPA", Paper No.CT-20, ibid.

Kannan, S., Phal, D.G. and Ramakrishna, W . "SynergicExtraction of Pu(IV) from Nitric Acid Medium byD2EHPA with HTTA and TOPO", Paper No. CT-21,ibid.

Chetty, K.V., Mapara, P.M., Swarup, Rajendra,Ramakrishna, V.V. "The Solvent Extraction Behaviour ofPu(VI) from Perchloric Acid by D2EHPA", Paper No.CT-22, ibid.

Sagar, V.B., Pawar, S.M., Oak, S.M., Sivaramakrishnan,C.K. "Some Studies on the Extraction of Pu fromPhosphate Containing HNO3 Solution UsingDBDECMP as Extractant", Paper No. CT-24, ibid.

Singh Mudher, K.D., Khandekar, R.R., Chadha, A.K.,Jayadevan, N.C. "X-ray Studies in Rb-U-Ca-O System -Characterisation of a New Mixed Oxide Phase", Paper NoCT-26, ibid.

Chawla, K.L., Misra, N.L., Jayadevan, N.C. "Reactionsof Rubidium and Cesium with UO2-ThO2 Oxides", PaperNo. CT-27, ibid.

Kamat, R.V., Dehadraya, J.V., Kumar, N., Rao, Vittal,TV., Vaidya, V.N. and Sood, D.D. "Engineering ScaleFacility for the Production of VOi Gel Spheres", PaperNo. CT-28, ibid.

Mukherjee, S.K., Dehadraya, J.V., Bamankar, Y.R.,Vaidya, V.N. and Sood, D.D. "Synthesis of UraniumMonocarbide Microspheres by Sol-gel Process", Paper No.CT-29, ibid.

Mukherjee, S.K., Vaidya, V.N. and Sood, D.D. "Kineticof Nitrate Leaching from UO3 Gel Particles Prepared byInternal Gelation Process", Paper No. CT-30, ibid.

Ray, M., Pius, I.C., Charyulu, M.M., Sivaramakrishnan.C.K. "Spectrophotometric Studies on the Behaviour of

BARC, ANNUAL REPORT - 1987 45

Plutonium in Basic Media", Paper No. CT-36, ibid.Aggarwal, S.K., Shah, P.M., Duggal, R.K. and Jain, H.C."Studies for the Electrodeposition of Mg Amounts ofUranium on Electropolished SS Disks", Paper No. CT-39,ibid.

Kasar, U.M., Pius, I.C., Sagar, V.B., Joshi, A.R. andSivaramakrishnan, C.K. "Studies on the Decontamina-tion Factors Using Macroporous Anion Exchange Resins",Paper No. CT-44, ibid.

Bhargava, V.K., Oak, M.S., Ramaswami, A. and SatyaPrakash, "Absolute Yields of Fission Products "Mo andl32Te in the Spontaneous Fission of 252Cf", Paper No.NR-07, ibid.

Chitambar, S.A., Khodade, P.S., Parab, A.R. and Jain,H.C. "Determination of Half Life of ^ P u Relative toHalf-Life of 233U", Paper No. NR-09, ibid.

Pandey, A.K., Kalsi, P.C., Sharma, R.C., Vaidyanathan,S. and Iyer, R.H. "Direct Potentiometric Determinationof Uranium in Organic Extracts Using Ti(III) asReductant", Paper No. RA-01, ibid.

Nair, P.R., Lohithakshan, K.V., Xavier, Mary, Marathe,S.G. and Jain, H.C. "Determination of U by Ti(III)Reduction and Biampermetric Redox Titration", PaperNo. RA-02, ibid.

Sharma, R.C., Kalsi, P.K., Sawant, L.R. and Iyer, R.H."An Improved Method for the Rapid Determination ofU by Controlled Potential Coulometry Using Lingane'sEquation", Paper No. RA-03, ibid.

Hasilkar, S.P., Keshav Chander, Marathe, S.G. and Jain,H.C. "Titrimetric Determination of U in U-PD Alloy",Paper No. RA-04, ibid.

Kalsi, P.C., Pandey, A.K. and Iyer, R.H. "Assay of U inMgF2 Slag Generated in the magnesiothermic Reductionof UF4 at the Natural Uranium Conversion Plants byy-ray Spectrometry", Paper No. RA-07, ibid.

Khedekar, N.B., Sharma, H.S., Marathe, S.G. and Jain,H.C. "Controlled Potential Coulometric Determinationof Pu at Microgram Levels", Paper No. RA-09, ibid.

Kasar, U.M., Sagar, V.B., Joshi, A.R. and Bhargava, V.K."Studies of Controlled Potential Coulometric Determina-tion of Plutonium in Mixed Oxide Samples", Paper No.RA-10, ibid.

Patil, B.N., Shivarudrappa, V., Marathe, S.G. and Jain,H.C. "Determination of Sodium in Cryolite", Paper No.RA-24, ibid.

Aggarwal, S.K., Shah, P.M., Duggal, R.K. and Jain, H.C.

"Alpha Spectrometry for the Determination of 234U/2>BURatio in Uranium Samples", Paper No. RA-30, ibid.

Aggarwal, S.K., Duggal, R.K., Shah, P.M. and Jain, H.C."A Comparative Study of 239Pu, 238Pu and 233U Spikesfor Determining Pu Concentration", Paper No. RA-31,ibid.

Chourasiya, G., Raman, V.A., Ramasubramanian, P.A.and Jain, H.C. "Determination of Alpha Specific Activityand Concentration of Pu in Dissolver Solution of LowBurn-up Fuels by Alpha Spectrometry", Paper No. RA-34,ibid.

Agarwal, Renu, Roy, K.N., Venugopal, V., Prasad, R. andSood, D.D. "High Temperature Calvet Calorimeter",BARC/1-875 (1987)

Hasilkar, S.P., Khedekar, N.B., Thiagarajan, R., KeshavChander and Marathe, S.G. "Studies on Uranium Deter-mination in Uranium Plutonium Solution with PriorSeparation of Plutonium", BARC/I-895 (1987)

Jayanthi, K., Lohitakshan, K.V., Xavier, Mary, Marathe,S.G. and Jain, H.C. "A Titrimetric Method for the Deter-mination of Aluminium in Uranium Aluminium Alloy",BARC/I-916 (1987)

Methapaia, P.D., Shivarudrappa, V., Marathe, S.G. andJain, H.C. "Mono-Octyl Phenyl Phosphoric Acid(MOPPAj as an Extractant for Plutonium", BARC-1380(1987)

Tomar, B.S., Das, S.K., Goswami, A., Nair, A.G.C.,Srivastava, B.K., Dana, T., Satya Prakash and Ramaniah,M.V. "Fragment Angular Momentum in Low and MediumEnergy Fission of 24lPu", Z. Phys. A. (Atomic Nuclei)327, 225(1987)

Ramaswami, A., Rattan, S.S., Chakravarty, N., Singh,R.J., Manohar, S.B., Satya Prakash and Ramaniah, M.V."Charge Distribution Studies in the Neutron Induced Fis-sion of 237Np: Fractional Cumulative Yields of l34Te, 135Iand 138Xe", Radiochimica Acta 41, 9(1987)

Rao, V.K., Mahajan, G.R. and Natarajan, P.R."Hydrolysis and Carboxylate Complexation of TrivalentAmericium", Inorg. Chim. Acta 128, 131-134(1987)

Pai, S.A. and Subramanian, M.S. "Synergistic Extractionof Uranyl Ion with l-Phenyl-3-Methyl-4-benzoylpyrazol-one-5 (HPMBP) and Some Long Chain AliphaticSulphoxides", J. Radioanal. Chem. Articles 109,403(1987)

Pai, S.A., Mundra, S.K. and Subramanin, M.S."Synergistic Extraction of Uranyl Ion withAcylpyrazolones and DicycIohexano-18-Crown-6 Ether


(DC-18C6)", J. Radioanal. Chem. Articles 115,203(1987)

Ruikar, P.B., Nagar, M.S. and Subramanian, M.S."Synergistic Complexes of Uranyl Ion with l-Phenyl-3-Methyl-4-Acetylpyrazolone-5 and Some Oxodonors",Polyhedron 6, 1913(1987)

Ruikar, P.B., Nagar, M.S. and Subramanian, M.S."Complexes of Tetravalent Plutonium, Uranium andThorium with Acylpyrazolones", Inorganica Chimica Acta141, 309(1987)

Shukla, J.P., Sharma, R.S. and Patil, M.R. "ProtonDissociation Constants of Benzoylacetone and Isonitro-sobenzoylacetone in Aqueous Dioxane Media", Monat-shette fur Chemie 118, 931(1987)

Walkowiak, W., Brown, PR., Shukla, J.P. and Bartsch,R.A. "Selective Separations of Alkali Metal Cations byBulk Chloroform Membranes Containing LipophilicCrown Ether Phosphoric Acid, Monoethyl Esters", J.Membrane Sci. 32, 59(1987)

Shukla, J.P., Sharma, R.S. and Patil, M.R."Thermodynamics of Proton Transfer Equilibrium inMixed Solvents: Acid Dissociation of l-PhenyI-3-Methyl-4-Isonitrosopyrazolone-5 in Dioxane-Water Mixtures", Z.Phys. Chemie (Leipzig) 268, 815(1987)

Manchanda, V.K. and Chang, C.A. "Solvent ExtractionStudies of Europium(III), Ytterbium(III) andLutecium(III) with Ionisable Macrocyclic Ligands andThenoyltrifluoroacetone", Analytical Chemistry 59,813(1987)

Chang, C.A., Manchanda, V.K. and Peng, J."Macrocyclic Reagents for the Kinetic Control of ChelateExtraction Selectivities of Lanthanides", Inorg. Chim.Acta 130, 117(1987)

Krishnamurthy, M.V., Nagar, M.S. and Hon, N.S."Preparation and Characterisation of Plutonium IVPhenyl Acetate and Plutonium IV a-Naphthyl Acetate",J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. Letters 117, 91(1987)

Sastry, M.D., Dalvi, A.G.I., Babu, Y., Kadam, R.M.,Yakhmi, J.V. and Iyer, R.M. "Possible Role ofC u 2 + - C u 4 + Pairs in the Superconductivity ofYBa,Cu3O7 from Electron Spin Resonance", Nature330, 49(1987)

Sastry, M.D., Natarajan, V., Dalvi, A.G.I, andJayanthkumar, M.L." Electron Paramagnetic Resonanceof M IAm with S ^ s 1 Configuration in BaCO3 Lattice",Chem. Phys. Letters (1987)

Sastry, M.D., Dalvi, A.G.I, and Bansal, M.L. "Absence

of Unusual Sequence of Commensurate-incommensuratePhase Transitions in LiKSO4 : An EPR Study Using SO4

Probe", J. Phys. C: Solid State Physics 20, 1185(1987)

Mithileshkumar, Sastry, M.D., Dalvi, A.G.I, and Kadam,R.M. "Chemically Induced Dynamic NucJear Polarisa-tion in Thermally Stimulated Free Radical Reactions inGamma Irradiated UO2+:SrSO4 Phosphor: An EPRStudy", Chem. Phys. Lett. 134, 102(1987)

Sastry, M.D., Kadam, R.M., Rao, U.R.K., Shaikh, S.M.,Venkateswarlu, K.S. and Wani, B.N. "EPR Study ofStructural Phase Transition in Vanadium Oxyfluoroa-nionic Compounds", Phase Transition 9, 345(1987)

Goyal, N., Purohit, P.J., Dhobale, A.R., Patel, B.M.,Page, A.G. and Sastry, M.D. "Electrothermal Atomisa-tion ET-AAS Determination of Ag, Be, Ca, Fe, Pu andSn in Uranium Solution", J. of Anal. Atomic Spec-troscopy 2, 459(1987)

Page, A.G. "Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) Emissionfor Trace Metal Analysis", Bull, of ISAS 5(1), 3(1987)

Chakravarty, N., Rattan, S.S., Singh, R.J., Ramaswami,A. and Satya Prakash "Partial Half-lives for NuclearDecay by the Spontaneous Emission of Heavy Ions", DAENuclear Physics Symposium, BARC, Bombay, Dec. 1987

Tomar, B.S., Das, S.K., Goswami, A., Datta, T.,Srivastava, B.K., Nair, A.G.C. and Satya Prakash"Influence of Fragment Shell Structure on Fission Frag-ment Angular Momentum", ibid.

Shukla, J.P. and Lohithakshan, K.V. "Liquid-liquidDistribution Studies of U(VI), Pu(IV) and Some FissionProducts from Nitric Acid Solutions by Alkylated NeutralCrown Ethers", XII Int. Symp. on Macrocyclic Chemistry,Hiroshima, Japan, July 1987

Shukla, J.P. and Sharma, R.S. "Thermodynamics of Pro-ton Transfer Equilibria of Trifluoroacetylpinacolone inAqueous Dioxane Media", 29th Rocky Mountain Conf.,Denver, Colorado, Aug. 1987

Shukla, J.P. and Sharma, R.S. "Some Aspects of AcidDissociation of Trifluoroacetylacetone and Its Analoguesin Mixtures of Water and Dioxane", 194th AmericanChemical Society Meeting, New Orleans, Aug. 1987

Shukla, J.P. and Lohithakshan, K.V. "ExtractionalSeparation of Trace Levels of Plutonium(IV) withMacrocyclic Crown Ethers and Its Subsequent DirectPhotometric Determination Using Arsenazo-III as aChromogenic Reagent", Euroanalysis VI, European Conf.on Anal. Chem., Paris, Sept. 1987

Shukla, J.P. "Some Aspects of Macrocyclic Crown Com-


pounds as Novel Extractants for Actinides", 26th AnnualEastern Analytical Symp., Amer. Chem. Soc, New York,Sept. 1987

Shukla, J.P. and Sharma, R.S. "Thermodynamics of theComplexation of Uranyl Ions with Some Fluorinated /?-Diketones in Aqueous Dioxane", 2nd Int. Conf., Separa-tion of Ionic Solutes", Smolenice, Czechoslovakia, Oct.1987

Shukla, J.P. and Lohithakshan, K.V. "Effect of Solventupon Liquid-liquid Distribution of Uranium(VI) andPlutonium(IV) by Some Macrocyclic Crown Ethers", 1stEurasis Conf. on Chemistry of Solutions, Bangkok, Jan.1988

Sastry, M.D. "Unusual States of Actinides - EPR and TSLStudies", National Conference on Unusual Valence Statesin Coordination Compounds, BARC, Nov. 1987

Sastry, M.D., Kadam, R.M., Babu, Y., Dalvi, A.G.I.,Kulshreshtha, S.K., Yakhmi, J.V. and Iyer, R.M. "EPRand Mossbauer Studies of SuperconductingYBa2(Cu3 xSnx)O7 d", DAE Solid State Physics Sympo-sium, BARC, "December 1987

Sastry, M.D., Babu, Y., Kadam, R.M., Dalvi, A.G.I.,Yakhmi, J.V. and Iyer, R.M. "Resonance Nature of theLow field Microwave Absorption in SuperconductingYBa2Cu3O7 x", DAE Solid State Physics Symposium,BARC, December 1987

Iyer, R.M., \akhmi, J.V., Sastry, M.D., Dharwadkar, S.R.,Gopalakrishnan, I.K. and Phatak, G.M. "Chemical Syn-thesis and Oxygen Stoichiometry of High Tc Supercon-ductor YBa2Cu307x", Indo-USSR Seminar on High TcSuperconductivity, USSR, Oct. 1987

Pai, S.A. and Subramanian, M.S. "Thermodynamics ofExtraction of Hexavalent Plutonium with HPMBP",Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Symposium,BARC, Trombay, Feb. 1988

Iyer, P.N. and Natarajan, P.R. "Sodium Plutonium(III)Sulphate Monohydrate", ibid.

Shukla, J.P. and Sharma, R.S. "Thermodynamics of theCoordination of Uranyl Ions with Some Beta-Diketonesin Aqueous Dioxane", ibid.

Manchanda, V.K., Rama Rao, G.A. and Lloyd, W.D."Physico-Chem Studies on the Complexes of ANS withFluorinated Beta Diketones and Neutral Oxodonors",ibid.

Rao, V.K., Veeraraghavan, R., Mahajan, G.R. andNatarajan, P.R. "Red-ox Reactions of Pu(III) and Pu(IV)

with Cr(V) in Aqueous Solutions of pH 2-4", ibid.

Rao, V.K., Mahajan, G.R. and Natarajan, P.R."Thermodynamics of the Complexation of Tri valent Amby Phosphate and Carbonate in Neutral AqueousSolutions", ibid.

Guin, R., Sana, S.K., Sahakundu, S.M. and SatyaPrakash "Isoraeric Yield Ratios in the Alpha InducedReactions on 107-109Ag"1 ibid.

Naik, H., Dange, S.P., Datta, T., Pujari, P.K. and SatyaPrakash "Dependence of Fragment Angular Momentumon Nature of Fissioning Nucleii", ibid.

Ramaswami, A., Manohar, S.B., Gubbi, G.K., Rattan,S.S., Singh, R.J., Chakravarty, N. and Satya Prakash"Nuclear Charge Distribution in the Spontaneous Fissionof 252Cf", ibid.

Reddy, A.V.R., Deshmukh, S.M., Sahakundu, S.M.,Guin, R. and Satya Prakash "Transport Efficiency Deter-mination of Helium Gas Jet Transport System", ibid.

Pujari, P.K., Datta, T., Dange, S.P., Naik, H. and SatyaPrakash "Aniline Charge Transfer Complex: AnExperimental Study", ibid.

Das, S.K., Tbmar, B.S. and Satya Prakash "Studies of Hf-EDTA Complex by Perturbed Angular Correlation", ibid.

Nair, A.G.C., Srivastava, B.K. and Satya Prakash"Chemical State of Fission Product Iodine Collected inDifferent Matrices from 2S2Cf Spontaneous Fission",ibid.

Rizvi, G.H. "Potassium Ferrocyanide as a Spec-trophotometric Reagent for the Determination ofUranium", ibid.

Kadam, R.M., Babu, Y., Dalvi, A.G.I, and Sastry, M.D."Investigation of Structural Phase Transitions inAmmonium Uranyl Phosphate by Using EPR", ibid.

Seshagiri, T.K., Dalvi, A.G.I, and Sastry, M.D. "RadiationEffects in Strontium Chlorophosphate Doped with U: AnEPR and TSL Study", ibid.

Porwal, N.K., Godbole, S.V., Page, A.G. and Sastry, M.D."Spectroscopic Studies of Gamma Irradiated Crystals ofK2UO2(SO42.2H2O", ibid.

Rizvi, G.H., Rastogi, R.K. and Natarajan, P.R."Determination of Carbon in Uranium-Plutonium MixedCarbide by Conductivity Method", BARC/I-920 (1987)

Mahajan, M.A., Sawant, R.M., Prasad, M.V.R., Rastogi,R.K., Chaudhuri, N.K. and Rizvi, G.H. "Determinationof Chlorine and Fluorine Trace Impurities in Carbide

LBARC, ANNUAL REPORT-1987 48

Nuclear Fuels", BARC/I-920 (1987)

Bhide, M.K., Bhandiwad, V.R., Kumar, M., Dalvi, A.G.I.and Sastry, M.D. "DC-Arc Emission SpectrographicDetermination of Medium and Low Volatile Elements inU,O8 Using a Mixed Carrier: AgCl+SrF ", BARC-1355(1987)

Kulshreshtha, S.K. and Maiti, B. "Spin State Transitionin Fe(l,10 phen) (2,2'bipy) (NCS)2", Inorg. Chim. Acta134, 131(1987)

Dhaneshwar, R.G., Kulkarni, A.V. and Zarapkar, L.R."Differential Pulse Polarographic Determination ofIodide in Common Salt", Analyst 112, 1073(1987)

Krishnamoorthy, K.R. and Iyer,R.K. "Preconcentrationof Iodide from Saline Water Samples and Determinationby the Catalytic Method", Proc. Ind. Acad. Sciences 98,177(1987)

Palrecha, M.M., Parthasarathy, R. and Sankar Das, M."A Modified Method for Determination of Lead in Zir-con by Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry"Anal. Chim. Acta 194, 229(1987)

Rajagopalan, K.V., Kalyanaraman, R. and Sundaresan,M. "Thermodynamic Properties of Dicalcium Ferrite byCalcium Fluoride Galvanic Cells", J. Electrochem. Soc.of India 36, 157(1987)

Ramanathan, P.S., Sarang, V.S. and Walvekar, A.P."Investigations on Some Coloured Solutions UsingDerivative Spectrophotometry in the Visible Region", Ind.J. Chem. 26A, 320(1987)

Mital, C.K., Srivastava and Dhaneshwar, R.G. "Studiesof Electroless Nickel Deposition Using ElectroanalyticalTechniques", Metal Finishing 85, 90(1987)

Palrecha, M.M., Kulkarni, A.V. and Dhaneshwar, R.G."Determination of Chromium in Water and Air by Dif-ferential Pulse Polarography", Trans, of SAEST 22,157(1987)

Nair, K.U., Sathiamoorthy, D., Bose, D.B., Gupta, C.K.and Sundaresan, M. "Chlorination of CommercialMolybdenite Concentrate in a Fluidised Bed Reactor",Met. Transactions 18B, 445(1987)

Chaudhari, B.S. and Radhakrishnan, T.P. "HydrogenPick up During Corrosion of Steel : Influence ofInhibitors and Promoters", 10th International Congresson Metallic Corrosion (10th ICMC), Oxford and IBH,

Vol. Ill, 11.2, 2327-2336(1987)

Ravindran, P.V. and Sundaram, A.K. "On the Determina-tion of Reaction Mechanism of Non-Isothermal ProcessesUsing Isothermal Measurements", Proceedings of theSixth National Symp. on Thermal Analysis Ind. Instt. ofTechno. Delhi, III.1, Dec. 1987

Kalyanaraman, R., Rajagopalan, K.V., Ram Prasad,Sundaresan, M. "Measurement of Thermal Constants ofCalcium Chromite by Laser Flash Technique", Proc. 6thNat. Symp. on Thermal Analysis, II.6, IIT, Delhi (1987)

Iyer, C.S.P. "Analytical Methodology of Tungsten",National Workshop on 'Tungsten Resources andDevelopment', 123 DMRL and RRL, Bhubaneshwar, 1987

Iyer, C.S.P. "Over-view of Analytical Techniques inMetallurgy Quality Control and Assurance",CAMEQUEIN-87, Indian Institute of Metals

Iyer, C.S.P. "Disasters in Chemical Industry: Can Theybe Prevented ?", Natl. Symp. on 'Safety Management'Institute of Town Planners and Architects, 20, 1987

Gangadharan, S. "Multitechnique Approach to TraceCharacterisation of High Purity Materials : Gallium",Symposium on Accuracy in Trace Analysis -Accomplishments, Goals and Challenges, NBS, USA,Sept. 1987

Kulkarni, A.V. "Voltametry of Hg(II) at Allyl ThioreaCoated Platinum Electrodes", Symposium on Elec-trochemistry, Energy and Industry, Jaipur, April, 1987

Kulshreshtha, S.K. and Maiti, B. "Nature of Spin StateTransition in Mixed Ligand Fe(II) Complexes", NationalSymposium on Unusual Valency States in Co-ordinationCompounds, BARC, Nov. 1987

Dhaneshwar, R.G. "Role of Electroanalytica! Chemistryin the Environmental Studies", Symp. on Elec-trochemistry, Energy and Industry, Jaipur, April 1987

Khare, T.K., Powale, D.V. and Apte, H.N. "Fabricationof Glass to Metal Seals Using Soda Lime Glass and ThinMetal Wires Having Low Melting Points", Fifth AnnualSeminar on Scientific Glass Blowing in Educational andResearch Institutions, Coimbatore, Dec. 1987

Kris.mamoorthy, T.S. and Ninjoor, V. "Proceedings of theSecond National Symposium on Recent Trends in theAnalysis of Foods, Drugs and Pharmaceuticals 1985",1987


MATERIALS ANDMATERIALS SCIENCE

3-1 Heavy Water

A prototype 150 cm diameter distillation column forupgrading heay water has been successfully commissioned atBARC Test runs with the internals have confirmed thatefficiency of these internals at larger diameters is the same asthat of the internals developed earlier for smaller diametercolumns. This successful commissioning has shown that onlyone 150 cm diameter column need be employed per 235 MWnuclear power station instead of two columns of 105 cmdiameter each employed at present Apart from economicadvantage, there is greater operational simplicity. The processand design package reports for 150 cm diameter distillationcolumn have been completed.

Degraded reactor heavy water from Dhruva, after puri-fication in the clean-up facility, has been upgraded to reactorgrade in the reconcentration plant at BARC.

Work on the setting up of the final enrichment plant atManuguru and the upgrading plant at Narora are progressingsatisfactorily. The final enrichment plant at Thai, commissionedwith off-grade heavy water from the main plant, has beenrunning satisfactorily. Project reports for additional upgradingfacility at Thai and Hazira have been completed.

The pilot plant for the production of hydrogen sulphide ofhigh purity by direct combination of hydrogen and sulphur atelevated temperatures over a suitable catalyst, has beensatisfactorily operated over extended periods. Studies on thecorrosion behaviour of meterials of construction of the reactorunder various simulated conditions were undertaken. Theresults have shown that only alonised stainless steel could besuitable for this service.

Setting up of the chemical exchange-cryogenic distillationpilot plant for the removal of tritium from contaminated reactorheavy water is progressing satisfactorily.

The laser laboratory for study of application of laserisotope separation technique for heavy water production isnearing completion.

The national deuterium survey to study variation ofdeuterium content in different natural sources of water in thecountry has been completed.

Deuteration of chemicals such as acetone, chloroform,methano! and sodium hydroxide was carried out, and thesecompounds in requisite labelled form were supplied to varioususers in the country.

3-2 Rare Earths and Other Materials

High purity rare earth metals have been prepared by hightemperature fusion salt electrolysis ot rare earth chloride ininert atmosphere in a specially designed electrolytic cell. Work

was continued on the direct production of Sm-Co alloy by themetallothermic reduction process. The powder was used forthe fabrication of cylindrical and ring shaped epoxy boudedmagnets employing a specially developed procedure involvingfield pressing and curing.

A process f v the production of yttrium metal, which is ofinterest in nuclear technology, has been initiated. The processconsists of metallothermic redjction of yttrium fluoride in thepresence of magnesium followed by demagging.

Studies on the recovery and purification of uranium,lithium and helium gas and preparation of stable isotopes,fluorine gas, labelled compounds, scintillation chemicals andcarbon specialities were continued.

The effect of lower thorium content in thorium concentratefeed material on the process developed earlier for the largescale production of nuclear grade thorium nitrate was studied.Preliminary design work on flow-sheets, layout of building andequipment, process and storage tanks etc. have been comple-ted for the new thorium plant proposed to be set up in Orissaby IRE. The work on process development for the recovery oflithium from lepidolite ore has been completed. A highpressure helium purification unit based on condensation andcryogenic adsorption of nitrogen has been set up and test-runswill start shortly. Studies on the electrolytic decomposition ofnitric acid employing lead oxide coated graphite and titaniumanodes are in progress.

Work on the separation of stable isotopes by variousmethods was continued. The Nitrogen-15 plant set up by RCFat Trombay based on BARC technology has gone into pro-duction. The preparation of Nitrogen-15 labelled compoundswill shortly be discontinued as RCF can now meet therequirement of agricultural research users.

A 500 amp fluorine cell with improved design parameterswas operated satisfactorily and the fluorine gas produced in thecell was utilised for the production of metal fluorides. A fluorinecompression system was operated satisfactorily throughoutthese studies. The operation of a pilot plant for the productionof scintillation chemicals, PPO and POPOP was continued tomeet the increasing requirement of the nuclear power plant ofDAE and other research organisations. Development work onthe synthesis of organo-tin-compounds for plastic/liquid stintil-lators, and the production and supply of plastic scintillatorblocks were also continued.

Attempts were made to standardise the process steps andconditions for the production of ultra-pure carbon anodessuitable for the electrolytic production of fluorine gas. Contouishaped graphite nozzles were developed in collaboration withVSSC, Trivandrum. These nozzles gave promising results when


static-tested in a test rocket.A solvent extraction process to produce high purity

yttrium oxide from the 60% concentrates produced by IRE hasbeen developed and 95% pure yttrium has already beenproduced. The residual impurities of heavy rare earths likedysprosium, holmium, erlium and thulium do not interfere insuperconducting properties of the final ceramic material.Efforts to obtain 99-9% pure yttrium oxide are under way. Thismaterial is useful in developing superconductors.

A small scale processing facility for recovery of hafniumoxide from waste stream of NFC was set up and several kilos ofhafnium oxide were recovered.

Organo silicon compounds like methyl silicone, methyl-phenyl silicone and methylphenyl silicone resins with corrosionresistant properties have been prepared and tested for obtainingprotective coatings on glass and metal surfaces.

3-3 Metallurgy

Work on the production of boron carbide and bocarsil wascontinued and about 418 kg of acceptable grade of boroncarbide and a total of 550 pieces of bocarsil shapes in plug andsheet forms were produced and supplied to units in DAE andto DMRL, Hyderabad, for neutron absorber and shieldingapplications. The remaining silver chloride residue from M/sIRE was processed. An additional quantity-of 10 kg of highpurity silver metal was obtained from the processing of silverchloride residue from IRE.

Progress was made on the development of the alumino-thermic process for production of nuclear grade calciummetal, involving aluminium reduction of lime followed bypurification of the metal deposit by pyrovacuum distillation. Anitriding-denitriding process for the production of capacitorgrade tantalum powder was developed.

A new concept for the separation of zirconium fromhafnium involving extractive distillation using molten saltmixture is under examination. An experimental set-up consis-ting of electrothermal fluid bed and extractive distillation unithas been fabricated and installed for carrying out the work andcold model studies are in progress to test the system perfor-mance.

Work on advanced ceramics was continued and processeshave been optimised for the production of high density ThO2-Y2O3 solid electrolyte bodies electrically conducting substoi-chiometric titania ceramic bodies and steatite based machinableceramic insulator components.

One of the major achievements in the field of electro-metallurgy has been the successful electroplating of chromiumto close tolerances on the sealing surface of metallic seals of

Dhruva guide tubes. A process involving electroless nickelplating and flash gold coating has been developed for theproduction of metal optics with high surface reflectivity. Basedon the expertise generated here, a large scale facility has beenset up for electroless nickel plating of engineering components.

Installation of a 2-High, 4-High, 150 HP DC motor drivenlaboratory rolling mill was completed and over 600 nos ofzircaloy sheets were cold rolled in the mill.

The 2-ton tin extraction pilot plant has been working verysatisfactorily. A rotary electrical furnace has been installed asan additional facility for pyro processing ores and mineralconcentrates. Plans are under way to set up a 100-ton plant inMadhya Pradesh for processing of cassiterite concentrate andrecovery of associated Nb-Ta values.

3-4 Materials Science

Corrosion evaluation studies on reactor materials werecontinued, and for the 500 MWe R&D programme, extensivedata have been generated on the high temperature aqueouscorrosion and hydrogen pick-up characteristics of Zr-2-5 Nballoy. A new electrochemical technique has been developed forthe in-situ metallurgical examination of fabricated s.s. compo-nents for evaluation of their susceptibility to intergranularattack. The technique has been extensively employed formetallurgical examination of various components receivedfrom the DAE units.

Two projects viz., mechanical properties of advancedceramics and passivation and stress corrosion cracking, havebeen undertaken under the Materials Science Co-operationProgramme of the Indo-<JS Science and Technology Sub-commission. Under the former project, processes have beendeveloped for the production of alumina specimens withspecified amount of liquid phase and these have been sent formicrocharacterisation. In the latter project, several stainlesssteel types have been studied for sensitization behaviour, stresscorrosion cracking (SCC), localised corrosion and passivitydevelopment and break-down.

Development work was carried out on standardization ofEBW parameters for liquid zonal control rods for 500 MWePHWRs, LPRMs for TAPS, tungsten electrodes for lasers,aluminium silicon alloy etc., development of eddy currenttechnique for crack detection in coolant tubes and thermo-graphy for PRP plates.

Clad ballooning experiments for PHWR, and extensive (JTin connection with feed water sparger replacement for TAPSwere carried out. For DAE units and outside agencies, variousmaterial evaluation, specification scrutiny, specialised non-destructive testing, heat treatment, machining, welding and


mechanical forming jobs were undertaken against specificrequests.

Irradiation, testing and evaluation of mechanical propertiesof end fitting, pressure tube and calandria tube material havebeen started, as a part of the R&D activities for 500 MW(e)PHWRs. Static and dynamic fracture toughness parametershave been measured for SS 403 end fitting material. Forfracture mechanical studies, crack propagation measurementsby compliance technique have also been carried. Strainhardening parameter, which is a very important property thatindicates the ability of the material to undergo plastic de-formation, has been evaluated for irradiated zircaloy pressuretube.

The kinetic studies of carbothermic reduction of oxide forsynthesis of carbide and nitride is in progress. Activationenergy of 80 K Cal per mole has been obtained for vacuumcarbothermic synthesis of UO2 to OC The • eduction reaction iscontrolled by diffusion of carbon and oxygen across thecarbide layer.

An indentation technique has been developed for eva-luation of fracture related properties of ceramic fuel pelletsusing a Vicker's Indentor.

An NDT technique based on the measurement of ultra-sonic velocity has been developed for the determination ofdensity of oxide fuel pellets and of ferrite content in duplexstainless steels.

Spacer welding for PHWR fuel pins using laser has beenstandardised. The load carrying capacity of these welds isaround 550 kg which is more than the specified requirement ofaround 400 kg. Laser glazing of zircaloy-2 and zirconium-niobium alloy is being developed in order to improve thesurface microstructure and stress corrosion resistance.

Thermodynamic properties of FBTR fuel (mixed CJ/Pucarbide) have been determined experimentally and calculatedtheoretically. A detailed thermodynamic analysis of mixedO/Pu nitride and carbonitride fuels has also been carried outImportant parameters such as partial pressures of N2(g), Co(g),Pu(g), and carbon potentials have been computed as functionsof composition and temperature. These data are essentialprerequisites for the production of these advanced fuels andfor the assessment of their in-reactor behaviour.

3-5 Physical Metallurgy

Physical metallurgy programme is concerned with re-search and development activities relating to nuclear materials,involving structure property correlations, heat-treatments, evo-lution of optimum fabrication procedures and failure analysis.In addition, basic research in many areas of materials science

is being actively pursued. NPCIL has decided upon the use ofthe Zr-2-5 wt% Nb alloy as the material for pressure tubes in allfuture PHWR's. For this purpose the material must possess thedesirable microstructure, the appropriate texture and therequisite mechanical strength. R&D work carried out has led tothe development of a suitable fabrication procedure as well asthe associated thermal and mechanical treatments. This routeis currently being followed for the indigenous production ofpressure tubes from this alloy. These tubes have met all thespecifications regarding the mechanical properties at roomtemperature as well as at the reactor operating temperature of310°C A jig for in-pile stress relaxation experiment has beenfabricated to obtain creep data expeditiously. This has beentested on zircaloy-2 at 573K and under 170 MPa stress upto6000 hrs. The results have been found satisfactory and testingis now being extended to the Zr-2-5 wt% Nb alloy. Currentresearch work in this area includes the evaluation of hydrogenembrittlement susceptibility of zircaloys and Zr-2-5 Nb alloyand the development of superior ternary Zr-base alloys.

An extensive study on formation, crystallisation, deformation,structural relaxation and corrosion of metallic glasses has beencarried out The materials studied include commercially avail-able iron base metal-metalloid glasses as well as zirconiumbase metal-metal glasses produced in-house. Helical springsof a Zr-Ni metallic glass were produced through topologicalorder induced by mechanical and thermal treatments. Anotable achievement of this programme has been the for-mation of an amorphous phase in a bulk diffusion couple, aphenomenon not reported earlier.

Structure property correlation studies have been suc-cessfully completed on ball bearing steels, maraging steels andnickel base superalloys. Metallurgical investigations for esta-blishing the causes for the failure of components and materialsare routinely carried out for DAE units as well as for otherorganisations. Basic research was carried out on Ni-Ti shapememory alloys, diffusion in iron-base ternary alloys, fracturemechanics and oxidation behaviour of zirconium alloys, nickelbase superalloys and metallic glasses.

3-6 Desalination

Installation of major pieces of equipment for the 425m3/day Multistage Flash Destination plant was completed.Electrical, instrumentation and other works are in progress.Performance of the 30 mVday ship-borne desalination plant isbeing evaluated.

The Reverse Osmosis (RO) brackish water desalinationplants set up in rural areas of Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh forcommunity use continued to work satisfactorily. A 50 mVday


RO plant for effluent treatment at RCF plant at Bombay, waserected and will be commissioned after testing. Participation inthe activities of the Technology Mission for drinking water setup by Government of India was continued. Tamilnadu ElectricityBoard awarded a consultancy contract to set up a 200 m3 /hrRO-DM plant for boiler feed water treatment at EnnoreThermal Power Station. R&D work on polymeric membranes,calcium purification, for on-site generation of sodium hypo-chlorite and for chlorination of cooling water system in nuclearpower stations are in progress.

Fabrication, erection and testing activities for the 33 mVhrHydrogen Pilot Plant made further progress.

Development work in respect of generation of sodium-hypochlorite for chlorination of cooling water system in nuclearpower stations is in progress.

3-7 Beryllium Technology

Development of beryllium technology and production ofvacuum hot pressed (VHP) beryllium metal and copperberyllium ingots starting from Indian beryl was continued.

Some pieces of equipment which have been in use from thecommencement of the plant operation, such as the vacuumfilter, evaporator and crystalliser, were replaced with new onesof improved design. About 3-64 tonnes of Indian beryl wasprocessed in the plant The major intermediate viz. ammoniumberyllium fluoride produced was about 1.89 tonnes.

Based on the demand from the Department of Space,work is in progress on the production of VHP beryllium blocksof improved specifications. For this a small airclassifier was setup and with the beryllium powder product obtained from thisclassifier, it was demonstrated that beryllium blocks of improvedspecifications could be produced. About 3-54 kg of berylliumblocks were supplied for space applications.

About 100 kgs. of Cu-4% Be master alloys and 220 kgs. ofCu-0-7% Be and 2-7% Co alloys were supplied to differentindustries at a total sale value of about Rs. 1-1 lakhs.

A project for fabrication of various copper-berylliumshapes from the ingots produced in the plant is in progress incollaboration with Department of Electronics and Departmentof Mines.

BARC, /WiCKL REPORT-1987 53

Publications

Dhane, D.L. and Noras, K.A. "Organic Liquid and PlasticScintillators", BARC/I-898, 1987

Sen, S. "Stainless Steel in Chemical Process Industry -Past, Present and Future", The Seminar on BetterMaterials of Construction for Chemical Process In-dustries, Kalamassery, June 1987

Mdhesh, Singh, Keshava Chandra and Sen, S. "TechnicalEvaluation of Indian Rock Phosphates for PhosphorusProduction", Transactions of the Indian Institute ofMetals, 14(2), April 1987

Mahesh Singh, Keshava Chandra and Sen, S. "A TechnicalAssessment of Lalitpur Rock Phosphate for the Produc-tion of Phosphorus", BARC-1323, 1986

Agrawal, Y.K. and Rathi, B.N. "Proton-Ligand andMetal-Ligand Stability Constants of N-O-ChlorophenylBenzo Hydroxamic Acids with Manganese(II), Nickel(II),Copper(II), Zinc(II), Cadmium(II) and Mercury(II)",Transition Met. Chem. 11, 472(1986)

Rathi, B.N., Alphonse, K.P., Pawar, P.L., Sutawane, U.B.and Sadhukhan, H.K. "Dravyaman VarnakrammapiDwara Hydrogen Samasthanikon Ke Liye Upayogi GasManakon Ka Virachan" (In Hindi), Proc. Symp. onNuclear Sciences and Technology : Teaching andResearch, BARC, Dec. 1986

Malhotra, S.K., Krishnan, M.S. and Sadhukhan, H.K."Hydrogen Gas Evam Drava Jala Ke Madhya HydrogenSamasthanik Vinimaya Ke Liye Ek Utprerak Ka Vikas"(In Hindi), Proc. Symp. on Nuclear Science andTechnology : Teaching and Research, BARC, Dec. 1986

Dhara, A.K. and Ghosh, S.K. "Density FunctionalTheory for Time-Dependent Systems", Phys. Rev. A(Rapid Communications) 35, 442(1987)

Ghosh, S.K. and Parr, R.G. "Improved Thomas FermiTheory for Atoms", Density Matrices and Density Func-tionals, Eds. Erdahl, R. and Smith, V.H. Jr., Reidel, D.Publ. Comp. 663, 1987

Das, G.P. and Ghosh, S.K. "Exchange-Correlation EnergyDensity Functional in Momentum Space", Current Trendsin the Physics of Materials, Yussouff, M.(ed.), WorldScientific, Singapore, 385, 1987

Ghosh, S.K. "A Simple Density Functional Calculationof Compton Profiles and Exchange Energies of AtomicSystems", Current Trends in the Physics of Materials,Yussouff, M. (ed.), World Scientific, Singapore, 390,1987

Ghosh, S.K. "A Unified Approach to Local Force Lawsin Quantum Chemistry", J. Chem. Phys. 87, 3513(1987)

Ghosh, S.K. "Quantum Chemistry in Phase Space: SomeCurrent Trends", Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci. (Chem. Sci.) 99,21(1987)

Sabharwal, S.C., Mirza, X, Karandikar, S.C. and Ghosh,B. "A Technique for the Growth of Alkali Halide Crystalsin Stationary Crucible", J. Crystal Growth 80, 33(1987)

Sabharwal, S.C. and Ghosh, B. "Material Consideratipnsfor the Growth of Scintillation Grade NalfTl) Crystals",Cryst. Res. Technol. 22, K5(1987)

"Morphological Features, Cryst. Res. Technol. 22,

Kothiyal, G.P. and Ghosh, B.of Synthetic Crystals of As2Se3

105(1987)

Srikantiah, R.V. and Shetty, H.J. "Response of CadmiumTelluride Detectors for Low Energy X-rays", DAE Symp.Nuc. Phys. (1987)

Shetty, H.J., Balani, S.J. and Srikantiah, R.V. "FissionFragment Radiation Damage in Silicon Detectors", ibid.

Sahoo, D. and Srikantiah, R.V. "Hall Effect and Resis-tivity Measurements of Bridgman-Grown Hg, Cd, TeCrystals", ibid.

Ushakumari, Karandikar, H.N., Garud, A.N. andNadkarni, S.S. "Current Controlled 60 kW Variable DCPower Supplies and Their Parallel Operation", Seminaron Physics and Technology of Particle Accelerators andTheir Applications, VECC, Calcutta (1987)

Ushakumari, Karandikar, H.N., Nadkarni, S.S. andRamamurthi, S.S. "Design and Construction of a 6 KV,200 mA DC Power Supply for Ion Pumps", Seminar onPhysics and Technology of Particle Accelerators and TheirApplications, VECC, Calcutta (1987)

Korgaonkar, A.V., Sutar, R.L., Murthy, G.S., Garud,A.N., Mohindra, N. and Sethi, R.C. "Design of VacuumSystem for Medical Cyclotron", VACNEWS (1987)

Rama Rao, V.V.K. and Prahallada Rao, B.S. "A SimpleCorrection for the Effect of Fringing Field on Ion BeamRefocussing", Fourth National Symposium on Mass Spec-trometry, Preprint I, 15(1988)

Halbe, S.R. and Rama Rao, V.V.K. "An Automatic GasInlet System for a Mass Spectrometer", ibid., 1,16(1988)

Handu, V.K., Mohanan, C.P. and Trupti, M.P. "Micro-processor-Based System for the Control of Sample InletSystem and Processing of Isotopic Data in a Multi-collector Isotopic Ratio Mass Spectrometer", ibid., I,17(1988)

Bindal, S.N., Prahallada Rao, B.S. and Dharwadkar, S.R.


"Mass Spectrometric Investigation of Csl Evaporation inthe Presence of Uranium Oxide and Zirconium Oxide",ibid., I, 4(1988)

Kulkarri. MR, Rao, N.V., Chaudhary, N.S., Halbe, S.R.and Prahallada Rao, B.S. "Improvement in PartialPressure Sensitivity of a Helium Leak Detectors", ibid.,I, 19(1988)

Satam, J.V., Sayed, K.A. and Murthy, M.S. "Enhance-ment of O< uerium/Hydrogen Range of Analysis withMass Spectrometer", ibid., I, (1988)

Mukherjee, T.K., Gupta, C.K., Chowdhary, R.U. andPandey, V.M. "Development of Chloridizing RoastingProcess for Copper-Nickel Sulphide Concentrates",Pyrometallurgy '87, Imperial College of Science andTechnology, Sept. 1987

Gupta, C.K., Babu, R.S., Suri, A.K. and Subramanian,C. "Pilot Scale Investigations on Cassiterite Processing",ibid.

Chauhan, P.K., Bose, A., De, P.K. and Gadiyar, H.S. "AnEPR-XPS-Ellipsometric Study of the PassivationBehaviour of Solution Annealed and Sensitized StainlessSteels in Sulphuric Acid Medium: Effect of KCNSAddition", 10th International Congress on MetallicCorrosion, Madras, Nov. 1987

Ghosal, S.K., De, P.K., Gadiyar, H.S. andPrabhugaonkar, G.C. "Influence of Potential and pH onSCC of a Duplex Stainless Steel in Chloride Solution",ibid.

Dutta, R.S. and De, P.K. "Stress Corrosion CrackingBehaviour of Some Nitrogen Containing Stainless Steelsin High Temperature Water", ibid.

Krishnan, T.S. and Rajagopalan, P.K. "Preparation ofMagnesium - Zirconium Master Alloy by P/M Route",National P/M Conference 1987, Bhopal, March 1987

Chouthai, S.S., Gaonkar, K.B., Gadiyar, H.S., Shinde,S.S. and Kumar, S.V. "Galvanic Corrosion of StainlessSteel 304 L in Contact with Zircaloy-2 in Nitric Acid",BARC/I-880, 1986

Sathiyamoorthy, D., Shetty, S.M. and Bose, D.K."Hydrogen Reduction of Ammonium Molybdate inFluidised Bed", Trans. Indian Inst. Metals, 39(6),529(1986)

Swaminathan, K., Sreedharan, O.M., Sathiyamoorthy, D.and Bose, D.K. "ATG Study of H2 Reduction of NiSO4

for a Correlation with Fluidised Bed Studies", ibid., 39(6),637(1987)

Saxena, S.C., Sathiyamoorthy, D. and Sundaram, C.V."Design Principles and Characteristics of Distributor inGas Fluidised Beds", Advances in Transport Process, Vol.VIII, eds. Majumdar, A.S. and Mashelkar, R.A., WileyEastern Ltd. (India), 241(1987)

Krishnamurthy, N. and Sathiyamoorthy, D. "Effect ofCompartment Sizing and Distributor on the Models ofGas Fluidised Beds", In Recent Trends in Chemical Reac-tion Engineering, Vol. II, eds. Kulkarni, B.D., Mashelkar,R.A. and Sharma, M.M., Wiley Eastern Ltd. (India),386(1987)

Gupta, C.K. and Bose, D.K. "Process Technology - Rareand Refractory Metals", Int. Conf. on Recent Advancesin Materials and Processes, Varanasi, Nov. 1987

Grover, A.K. and Pappachan, A.L. "Bright Acid CopperPlating - Measurement of Some Properties", 41st ATMof the IIM, Trivandrum, Nov. 1987

Shibad, P.R., Adhe, K.N. and Gadiyar, H.S."Investigation of Failure of Titanium Tubes in MultiEffect Brine Evaporation", ibid.

Kain, Vivekanand, Palit, G.C. and Gadiyar, H.S."Passivation and Pitting Corrosion Behaviour of 316,316L and 316LN Stainless Steel in Aqueous Media", ibid.

De, P.K. "Failure Analysis of Some Threaded Fastenersin Chemical Industries", ibid.

De, P.K., Bose, A., Dutta, R.S. and Gadiyar, H.S."Quality Assurance Tests for Stainless Steel Componentsfor Nuclear Industries", ibid.

Ghosal, S.K., De, P.K. and Gadiyar, H.S. "Infleence ofHeat Treatments Between 600-lOOOiC on the SensitizationBehaviour of a Duplex Stainless Steel", ibid.

Totlani, M.K. and Gupta, C.K. "Quality Control inFinishes for Die Castings", National Symposium onFinishes for Die Castings, Bombay, May 1987

Nair, K.U., Bose, D.K. and Gupta, C.K. "Production ofElemental Boron by Fused Salt Electrolysis", ATM/IIM,Trivandrum (1987)

Nair, K.U., Bose, D.K. and Sundaresan, M. "Studies onOxychlorination of Kinetics of MoS2 by ThermostaticMethods", Proceedings of Symposium on Kinetics ofMetallurgical Processes, IIM, Metallurgical Engg. Deptt.,Kharagpur, Dec. 1987

Mallikarjunan, R. and Sehra, J.C. "PyrometallurgicalProcesses for the Separation of Hf from Zirconium",International Conference on Recent Advances in Materialsand Processes, Varanasi, Nov. 1987


Bose, A. and De, P.K. "An EPR Study on the Influenceof Prior Cold Work on the Degree of Sensitization ofAISI 304 Stainless Steel", Corrosion-NACE 43(10), 1987

Sathiyamoorthy, D. "Prediction of Voidage Distributionand Gas Conversion in Free Board Zone of Gas FluidisedBeds", The 40th Annual Session of Indian ChemicalEngg. Congress 1987, Sindri, Dec. 1987

Sathiyamoorthy, D. and Vijay, P.L. "Preoxidation Studiesof Ilmenite in Fluidised Bed Reactor", 41st ATM of IIM,Trivandrum, Nov. 1987

Sathiyamoorthy, D., Sridhar Rao, Ch. and Raja Rao, M."Heat-Transfer in Gas Fluidised Beds Using Multi OrificeDistributors", Indian J. Technol. 25, 219(1987)

Subramanian, C , Suri, A.K. and Gupta, C.K. "Researchand Development in Tin Smelting in India", NationalWorkshop on Problem Solving in Nonferrous Smelters',Udaipur, Sept. 1987

Ashok Mohan, Manchar, C , Ram Prasad and Soni, N.C."New Approaches to Production and Fabrication ofCeramics", Indo-FRG Seminar on Trends and Techniquesin Modern Materials Research, Kalpakkam, Jan. 1987

Dalvi, P.Y. and Kulkarni, A.K. "Thermal ShockBehaviour of Mullite", 51st Annual Technical Session ofthe Indian Ceramic Society, Varanasi, Feb. 1987

Palit, G.C. and Gadiyar, H.S. "Pitting Corrosion ofZirconium in Chloride Solution", Corrosion (NACE) 43,140(1987)

De, P.K. and Gadiyar, H.S. "Surface Treatments forMaterial Protection in Nuclear Power Stations",Proceedings, ASTOM-87, 167(1987)

Grover, A.K., Gadiyar, H.S., Kamath, G.R. and Rao,M. A. "The Role of Electroplating in Altering the Surfacesfor Specific Applications in Nuclear Power ReactorSystem", Proceedings, ibid., 444(1987)

Gadiyar, H.S. "Selection and Behaviour of Materials forNuclear Reactor Water System", IOth InternationalCongress on Metallic Corrosion (ICMC) Madras, Nov.1987

Totlani, M.L. and Gupta, C.K. "Quality Control in MetalFinishing", Souvenir of ASTOM-87 Symposium, 9,1987

Kulkarni, P.G. and Totlani, M.K. "Evaluation ofCoatings", Proc. of ASTOM-87 Symposium, Supplement,1, 1987

Kutty, T.R.G., Chandrasekharan, K.N., Parakkal, T.P.,Ghosal, S.K. and De, P.K. "Use of Ultrasonic Velocity

for Non-Destructive Evaluation of Ferritic Content inDuplex Stainless Steels", NDT International, Dec 1987

Ghosal, S.K. and De, P.K. "Environment Induced Crack-ing of Zirconium-2 Fuel Cladding lube", Proceedings ofProperties of Materials for Water Reactor Fuel Elementsand Methods of Measurements, Report No. IWGFPT/26,International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna 1987

Gadiyar, H.S. "Requirement and Sources of Data forIndustrial Applications", Indo-French Seminar on DataBanks and Expert Systems for Corrosion, IIT, Bombay,Nov. 1987

Gadiyar, H.S. "Corrosion Testing as a Quality ControlStep", Intensive Course on Metallurgical Quality Controland Assurance in Engineering Industry(CAMEQUEIN-87), Bombay, Nov. 1987

Chouthai, S.S., Shibad, P.R. and Gadiyar, H.S. "GalvanicCorrosion of Al IS and Al 57S in Demineralised Water",BARC-1395, 1987

Venkataramani, R., Garg, S.P., Saroja, S. and Krishna-murthy, N. "Titanium Recovery from Ilmenite byCarbonitrothermic Reduction", 41st ATM of IIM,Trivandrum, Nov. 1987

Krishnamurthy, N. and Sathiyamoorthy, D. "Mechanismof Heat Transfer in Liquid Fluidised Beds", 9th NationalHeat and Mass Transfer Conference, Bangalore, Dec. 1987

Tripathy, P.K. and Krishnamurthy, N. "Degassing Pro-cesses in the Preparation of Group V Refractory Metals",Symposium on Kinetics of Metallurgical Processes,Kharagpur, Dec. 1987

Sharma, I.G. and Gupta, C.K. "A Comparative Study onPurification of Hafnium by Different Methods", 41stATM of IIM held in Trivandrum, Nov. 1987

Sharma, I.G., Mukherjee, T.K. and Gupta, C.K."Preparation of Vanadium Metal from Its Oxide byAluminothermic Reduction", ibid.

Biswas, S.P., Mukherjee, T.K. and Gupta, C.K. "A Pro-cess for Production of High Purity Silver Metal fromSilver Chloride Bearing Analytical Residue", BARC-1371,1987

Ganguly, C , Linke, U. and Kaiser, E. "Characterisationof (UCe)O2 Pellets Prepared by the Sol-gel MicrospherePelletisation Process", Metallography 20, 1(1987)

Sengupta, A.K., Basak, U. and Ganguly, C. "HotHardness of Hyperstoichiometric Mixed UraniumPlutonium Monocarbide", J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 6,20(1987)


KAU-200 system for REB plasma interaction studies

Polarized Zeeman Atomic AbsorptionSpectrophotometer with extended software

Single wire twisting machinefor fabrication of Nb-Tisuperconductors

Iron deficiency symptoms

Experimental setup for micronutrient uptake studies in groundnut

Experimental setup for micronutrient uptake

studies in groundnut

Seed multiplication plot for groundnut cultivar TG19A

Groundnut cultivar TG19A

Sengupta, A.K., Arora, K.B.S., Kumar, A. and Ganguly,C. "Thermal Conductivity of TiO2 Doped UO2 - 4%PuO2", High Temperatures High Pressures", 19(1987)

Roy, P.R. and Ganguly, C. "Advanced Nuclear Fuels",Bulletin of IANCAS, 3(1) (1987)

Kutty, T.R.G. Kutty, Chandrasekharan, K.N., Panakkal,J.P., Ghosh, J.K. "Fracture Toughness and Fracture Sur-face Energy of Sintered Uranium Dioxide Fuel Pellets",J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 6, 260(1987)

Kutty, T.R.G., Pandey, V.D. and Ghosh, J.K. "Evaluationof Surface Coating Using Quantitative Image Analyser",Proc. of the Symposium on Analysis of Surface Treat-ment of Materials, Bombay, Oct. 1987

Sargunam, M.S., Kutty, T.R.G., Nair, V.R. and Goswami,G.L. "A Study of Pulsed GTAW Process, Proc. of Int.Symp. on Welding, Delhi, Jan. 1987

Tiwari, G.P., Nair, P.K.K., Goswami, G.L. and Raj, P."Mechanism of Structural Relaxation in A MetallicGlass", J. Non-Crys. Solids 92, 341(1987)

Bagul, D.G., Sharma, V.p., Nair, V.R., Suryanarayanan,V. and Roy, P.R. "Design, Development and Fabricationof Alpha Contamination Scanner for FBTR Fuel Rod toEvaluate Fixed Surface Contamination", Proc. of Symp.on Indigenous Nuclear Equipment, Feb. 1987

Ganguly, C. "Sol-gel Microsphere Pelletisation Process forFabrication of High Density ThO2 Blankets and

(1988)1 UVS^

ThO2-Based PHWR Fuels", Trans. IIM

Ganguly, C , Kamath, H.S. and Roy, P.R. "Fabricationand Characterisation of Ceramic Nuclear Fuels in BARC",Proc. of Indo-FRG Seminar on Trends and Techniquesin Modern Materials Research, Jan. 1987

Ganguly, C , Hegde, P.V. and Sengupta, A.K. "Status of(UPu)C and (UPu)N Fuel Development in BARC", Proc.of the IAEA Technical Committee Meeting on Advanc-ed Fuel for Fast Breeder Reactors, Vienna, Nov. 1987

Sengupta, A.K. and Ganguly, C. "Thermal ConductivityMeasurements of Ceramic Nuclear Fuels by Laser FlashMethod", Proc. of the 20th Int. Conf. on Thermal Con-ductivity at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and StateUniversity, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA, Oct. 1987

Venkatesh, D., Jeevanram, S.S. and Kondejkar, P.B."Computer Based Automatic Measurement System forRemote Inspection of Nuclear Fuel Pellets", Proc. ofSeminar on Microprocessor Applications in Industry,IETE, Bombay, Dec 1987

Kutty, T.R.G., Chandrasekharan, K.N., Panakkal, J.P.,

Ghosal, S.K. and De, P.K. "Use of Ultrasonic Velocityfor Non-Destructive Evaluation of Ferric Content inDuplex Stainless Steels", NDT International (1988)

Sivaramakrishnan, K.S., Chatterjee, S., Anantharaman,S., Viswanathan, U.K., Balakrishnan, K.S. and Roy, P.R."Irradiation Embritlement of Advanced pressure VesselSteels, Influence of Radiation on Material Properties",ASTM, STP 955, USA

Chatterjee, S., Anantharaman, S., Sivaramakrishnan,K.S. and Roy, P.R. "Irradiation Embrittlement Evalua-tion without Lateral Expansion Measurements", ibid.,

Unnikrishnan, K., Sah, D.N., Bahl, J.K. andSivaramakrishnan, K.S. "Failure Examination of PistonRod of Shuttle Receiving Station of Rajasthan AtomicPower Station", IIM Seminar on Failure of Engg.Materials, Trans, of IIM, Trivandrum, Jan. 1987

Sahoo, K.C., Ouseph, P.M., Balakrishnan, P.R., Bahl,J.K. and Sivaramakrishnan, K.S. "Non-DestructiveEvaluation of Irradiated Thermal Reactor Fuels - Tech-nique, Standards and Data Recording Procedure Follow-ed in India", Proc. of IAEA Technical Meeting on Ex-amination and Documentation Methodology of WaterReactor Fuels (E.D. Warf), Rez. Czechoslovakia, March1987

Krishnan, R., Garg, S.P. and Krishnamurthy, N. "TheTaW System", J. Alloy Phase Diagram 3, 1(1987)

Krishnan, R., Garg, S.P., Krishnamurthy, N. and Paul,E. "The Nb-Ta System", ibid., 3, 28(1987)

Bhatt, Y.J., Venkataramani, R. and Garg, S.P."Measurements of Eutectic Temperatures in the MetalRich Regions of the Several M-C Systems", J. Less Com-mon Metals 132, 21(1987)

Sanyal, M.K., Sahni, V.L. and Dey, G.K. "EndothermicQuasicrystalline to Crystalline Phase Transitions inAl6CuMg4", Pramana 28, L 709(1987)

Sanyal, M.K., Sahni, V.L. and Dey, G.K. "Evidence forEndothermic Quasicrystalline-Crystalline Phase Transi-tions in Al6CuMg4", Nature 328, 704(1987)

Sharma, S.K., Kuldeep and Jain, A.K. "DiffusionMeasurements in the Metallic Glass Fe^Bj,,", Thin SolidFilms 152, 511(1987)

Dey, G.K., Baburaj, E.G., Banerjee, S. and Rao,Ramachandra P. "Glass Forming Abilities and Crystalliza-tion in Zirconium Base Metallic Glasses", Proceedings ofInternational Conference on Metallic and Semiconduc-ting Glasses, Trans. Tech. Publications (1987)


Sharma, S.K., Kuldeep and Jain, A.K. "Au-Diffusion inMetallic Glasses FeS2B|g and Zr6)Ni39", Proceedings ofInternational Conference on Metallic and Semiconduc-ting Glasses, Trans. Tech. Publication (1987)

Sharma, S.K., Banerjee, S., Kuldeep and Jain, A.K. "OnProceedings of Symposium on Solid State Physics,Bombay (1987)

Kale, G.B. "Chemical Diffusion in Ternary Alloy Systems(Fe-Ni-C)", Ph.D. Thesis, University of Bombay (1987)

Baburaj, E.G., Prasad, G.E. and Banerjee, S. "Methodof Formation of Shapes in Metallic Glasses", ibid.

Baburaj, E.G., Dey, G.K. and Prasad, G.E. "Growth ofLarge Crystals from Amorphous Phase", ibid.

Dey, G.K., Savalia, R.T. and Banerjee, S. "StructuralInvestigations on Some Rapidly Solidified PotentialQuasi-Crystal Forming Alloys", ibid.

Tiwari, G.P., Nayar, P.K.K., Goswami, G.L. and Raj, P."Mechanism of Structural Relaxation in a Metallic Glass",Non-cryst. Solids 92, 341(1987)

Raman, V.V., Prasad, G.E. and Das Gupta, P."Deformation Behavhur of Inconel 625 at VariousTemperatures", Trans. Indian Institute of Metals 40,113(1987)

Chakravarthy, J.K. and Sinha, T.K. "Effects of Hydrogenon the Mechanical Properties of A 203 Nuclear Structural

Steel", ibid., 40, 109(1987)

Batra, I.S., Nayar, P.K.K., Raman, V.V. and Das Gupta,P. "Precipitation Kinetics and Room Temperature FractureMechanics Parameters in I8Ni (350) Steel", BARC-1884(1987)

Dey, G.K., Salavia, R.T., Sharma, S.K. and Kulkarni, S.K."Corrosion Studies on Amorphous and CrystallineZr67NiJ3", Proceedings of 6th Int. Conf. on RapidlyQuenched Metals

Sharma, S.K., Chauhan, P.K. and Mukhopadhyay, P."Characterization of the Surface Oxide Layers on theMetallic Glass Fe^Co^B^Si, by AES and XPS",Proceedings of Int. Conference on Metallic and Semicon-ducting Glasses, Trans. Tech. Publication 1987

Mukhopadhyay, P. "Surface Analysis", Proceedings ofAdvances in Surface Treatment of Metals, Bombay(ASTOM-87)

Garg, S.P., Venkataramani, R., Bhat, Y.J., Tiwari, G.P.,Mazumdar, S., Ram Prasad, Soni, N.C., Malik, S.K. andTomy, C.V. "Oxygen Stoichiometry in Ba2YCu3Ox as aFunction of Temperatures", Proceedings of Solid StatePhysics Symposium, 30, 215(1987)

Sanyal, M., Dey, G.K., Varshnuey, L. and Sahni, V.C."Quasicrystalline to Crystalline Transition in Al6CuMg4",Physical Review 25, 4300(1987)


B-fci

RADIOISOTOPES

4-1 Radioisotope Production

During the year about 1,225 samples of target materialswere irradiated in the Cirus, Apsara and Dhruva reactors forproduction of radioisotopes and for neutron activation analysis.A total of 58,700 consignments of a variety of radioisotopesand associated equipment valued at about Rs. 3-02 croreswere supplied to users in the country and abroad. The majorsupplies made included 9 cobalt teletherapy sources forcancer therapy, 3 gamma chamber units supplied to researchinstitutions, antimony-124 start-up source for Tarapur AtomicPower Station and multikilocurie cobalt-60 replenishmentsource for the ISOMED plant at Trombay.

4*2 Radiochemicals

About 200 batches of various reactor-produced radio-isotopes such as phosphorus-32, sulphur-35 and iodine-131totalling 3-7 x ]013 Bq (1000 Ci) were processed during theyear. 13 batches of phosphorus-32 labelled superphosphatewere produced for supply to agricultural research institutions.About 200 tritium light sources and 30 consignments ofpromethium-147 activated self-luminous compound weresupplied for illumination of instrument dials, sign boards andother devices. A facility for the processing of iodine-125produced by neutron irradiation of xenon gas has been set up.

4-3 Radiopharmaceuticals

About 47,750 consignments of radiopharmaceuticalswere supplied to about 150 medical institutions in the countryfor applications in nuclear medicine. These are estimated tohave benefitted 5 lakh patients. Development work was carriedout for the production of new R1A kits such as R1A kits foraldosterone, phenytoin, 1RMA kits for TSH and EIA kits fortriiodothyronine and thyroxine. The work for the developmentof a gel generator using low specific activity molybdenum-99for production of technetium-99 m has progressed and thissystem shows promise for use in nuclear medicine applications.The development of technetium-99 m labelled tertiary butylisonitrile complexes for myocardial -imaging was continued.Labelling of monoclonal antibodies with indium-Ill for pos-sible use in radioimmuno detection (RID) and radioimmuno-therapy (RIT) is being investigated. The regional centres forradiopharmaceuticals set up at Bangalore, Calcutta, Delhi andDibrugarh continued to offer RIA services to hospitals in theirvicinity. In addition, the regional centre at Bangalore suppliedshort-lived technetium-99 labelled products to local cancerhospitals for use in nuclear medicine. Training sources wereconducted to train medical and para medical staff in the field ofRIA and its clinical applications.

4*4 Carbon-14 and Tritium Labelled Compounds

Over 250 different organic molecules labelled withcarbon-14 and tritium were supplied to about 120 researchinstitutions in the country for use in biochemistry, organicchemistry, drug research, agriculture etc. A laboratory for theproduction of P-32 biomolecules was set up at the CCMBHyderabad. With the setting up of this laboratory the indigenousproduction of phosphorus-32 labelled tiomolecules requiredfor use in genetic engineering and biotechnology programmesin the country will be increased.

4-5 Radiation Sources

Over 2,200 consignments of sealed radiation sources forapplications in medicine, industry and research were producedand supplied to a large number of users in the country. Iridium-192 sources with a total activity of 6-086 x 10uBq (16,450 Ci)were supplied for industrial radiography.

4-6 Tracer Applications in Industry and Hydrology

Assistance was provided to industries for trouble shootingin various industrial operations using radiotracer techniques.The transit time of crude oil in the 200 km. long pipeline ofONGC between Bombay High and Gran terminal was deter-mined using bromine-82 radiotracer. The dilution and disper-sion of industrial effluents discharged into the sea fromchemical and fertiliser manufacturing units off the coast ofKarnataka was determined using shortlived bromine-82 radio-tracer. The movement pattern of the charge of rotary kiln of acement plant was measured by lanthanum-140 tracer. Theefficiency of the cooling water intake pumps of a thermalpower station was checked using radiotracer techniques.Leakage in the underground pipeline in a petrochemicalcomplex was also located using radiotracer.

In hydrology, radiotracer technique was used at the Poipdam site in the Konkan region of Maharashtra to identify thepath of seepage observed in the dam. The study indicated thatthe seepage takes place mainly from below the dam structure.Radiotracer technique was applied in the Hooghly estuary tostudy the movement of the dredged silt The study carried outusing scandium-46 labelled silt showed that the spread ofdredged silt is away from shipping channel. Stable isotopetechnique was employed for the deliniation of the commandarea of percolation tanks in Maharashtra. Groundwater rechargestudies in the Bikaner area of Rajasthan were carried out by themeasurement of stable isotopes and environmental radio-tracers in the water samples collected from the area.

4-7 Radiation Technology

The construction of the radiation sterilisation plant at the

59

premises of the Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology,Bangalore, has progressed considerably. The installation of themechanical equipment, conveyor systems and source controlsystems is in progress and the plant is expected to becommissioned before August 1988. Efforts are simultaneouslybeing made to develop market for the irradiation services to beoffered by this plant for sterilisation of medical products. Workfor setting up another radiation sterilisation plant for sterilisationof medical products in the northern region is in progress. Thecivil, electrical and public health work of the Sludge ResearchIrradiation Facility being set up at Baroda in cooperation withthe local Municipal Corporation is nearing completion and trialplant operations are expected to commence by April 1988.

4-8 Radiation Sterilisation of Medical Products

The 1SOMED plant continued to provide gamma irradiation

service for sterilisation of medical products to a large numberof user Industries. A total of 5835 m3 of a variety of medicalproducts were sterilised. Cobalt-60 loading of the plant wasincreased to meet the increasing demand for the irradiationservices. Research and development for extending the scopeof radiation sterilisation to pharmaceutical products wascontinued.

4-9 Industrial Radiography

Thirty radiography cameras housing indium-192 andcobalt-60 sources were supplied for non-destructive testing to anumber of industrial organisations. Expert radiography servicewas offered to DAE and other units for special problems innon-destructive testing.


Publications

Rao, S.M., Jain, S.K., Navada, S.V., Nair, A.R. andShivanna, K. "Isotope Studies on Seawater instrusion andInter-relations between Water Bodies - Some FieldExamples", Proc. of IAEA Symposium on the Use ofIsotope Techniques in Water Resources Development,403(198)

Thussu, J.L., Rao, S.M., Prasad, J.M., Navada, S.V. andKulkarni, UP. "Isotope Composition of Thermal andNon-thermal Waters of Tatapani Hot Spring Area",District Surguja, M.P., Records of Geological Survey ofIndia, 115, pt. 6, 56(1987)

Gopal, N.G.S., Patel, K.M. and Sharma, G. "Effect ofHeat, Ethyleneoxide and Gamma Radiation PsylliumHusk", Indian J. Pharma. Sci. 49(2), 75(1987)

Zaman, R., Patel, K.M., Sharma, G. and Gopal, N.G.S."Effect of Gamma Radiation on Weak Iodine Solution",Indian Drugs 25(1), 34(1987)

Vanaja, P. "Radiochemical Studies on the Preparation andEvaluation of Technotium-99m and Its Compounds",M.Sc. Thesis, University of Bombay, 1987

Nair, Nirmala "Studies on Radioiodination of Hormonesand Standardisation of Radioimmunoassay Techniques",M.Sc. Thesis, University of Bombay, 1987

Gupte, Jyoti H. "Studies on Radioiodination Techniquesfor Hormones for use in Radioimmunoassay", M.Sc.Thesis, University of Bombay, 1987

Banodkar, S.M. "Preparation and Evaluation ofTechnetium-99m and Its Compounds", M.Sc. Thesis,University of Bombay, 1987

Mandke, Vidula V. "Studies on Radiochemical Analysisof Some Compounds of Biological Interest", M.Sc.Thesis, University of Bombay, 1987

Sivaprasad, N. "Radioimmunoassay of PolypeptideHormones", Ph.D. Thesis, University of Bombay, 1987

Ramamoorthy, N. "Studies on the Preparation andEvaluation of a Few Technetium Radiopharmaceuticals",Ph.D. Thesis, University of Bombay, 1987

Venkatesh, Meera "Study on Radioimmunoassay Methodsfor Estimation of Hypertension Related Hormones :Angiotensin-1 and Aldosterone", Ph.D. Thesis, Universityof Bombay, 1987

Mani, R.S. "Reactor Production of Radionuclides forPreparation of Generators", Radiochimica Acta 41,103(1987)

Mani, R.S. and Ramamoorthy, N. "Radiophar-

maceuticals, Essentials of Nuclear Nephro-urology", Eds.Gopinath, P.G., Padhy, A.K., Himalaya PublishingHouse, Bombay (1988)

Mani, R.S. and Ramamoorthy, N. "Radiopharmaceuticalsin Nuclear Nephro-Urology", Radionuclides inNephrology and Urology, Proa of National Symposium,Workshop on Nuclear Nephro-urology, New Delhi, Eds.Padhy, A.K., Gopinath, P.G., Himalaya PublishingHouse, Bombay, Feb. 1987

Mani, R.S. and Ramamoorthy, N. "Production andMedical Applications of Accelerator Produced Radio-nuclides and Their Formulations", Proc. of Seminar onPhysics and Technology of Particle Accelerators and Then-Applications (PATPAA), Calcutta, Jan. 1987

Shah, K.B., Sivaprasad, N. and Mani, R.S. Eds."Application of Radiopharmaceuticals and Radioimmu-noassay", Proc. of Two BRNS Seminars, BARC, Bombay,Jan. 1987

Borkute, S.D., Nagvekar, U.H., Balakrishnan, S.A. andMani, R.S. "A Novel Method for the Preparation of T3 Free Plasma/Serum for Routine RIA", J. Radioanal.Nucl. Chem.. Letters 119, 297(1987)

Das, M.K., Ramamoorthy, N., Sarkar, B.R. and Mani, -R.S. "Studies on Nuclear Data Relevant to Production ofFe-52 and Co-57", Seminar on Physics and Technologyof Particle Accelerators and Their Applications (PAT-PAA), Calcutta, January 1987

Pillai, M.R.A., Gupte, J.H., Jyotsna, T. and Mani, R.S."Preparation of Radioiodinated Insulin and TSH Using1,3,4,6 - Tetrachloro-3ar, 6a-diphenyl Glycouril(IODOGEN) for RIA", J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem.,Articles 116, 193(1987)

Vanaja, P., Ramamoorthy, N., Iyer, Saraswathy, P. andMani, R.S. "Development of a New Tc-99m GeneratorUsing Neutron Irradiated Titanium Molybdate as ColumnMatrix", Radiochimica Acta. 42, 49(1987)

Ramamoorthy, N., Shetye, Smitha V., Pandey, PrakashM., Mani, R.S., Patel, M.C., Patel, R.B., Ramanathan,P., Krishna, B.A. and Sharma, S.M. "Preparation andEvaluation of Tc-99m (V)-DMSA Complex: Studies inMetallurgy Carcinoma of the Thyroid", Eur. J. Nucl. Med.12, 623(1987)

Das, M.K., Ramamoorthy, N., Sarkar, B.R., Mani, R.S."Studies on the Feasibility of Production of Co-57 byAlpha Bombardment of Mn and Ni Targets", J.Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, Articles HI,469(1987)


Pillai, M.R.A., Nair, Nirmala and Mani, R.S. "Use ofPrecision Profiles for Reagents Optimization in RIA ofTriiodothyronine", Ind. J. Nucl. Med. 2, 205(1987)

Astheimer, L., Linse, K.H., Ramamoorthy, N. andSchwochau, K. "Synthesis, Characerization and Evalua-tion of "Tc/99mTc DIARS and DMPE ComplexesContaining Pentadecanoic Acid", Nucl. Med. Biol. 14,545(1987)

Astheimer, L., Linse, K.H., Ramamoorthy, N. andSchwochau, K. "Synthesis, Identification and Biodistribu-tion of Fatty Acid Containing DIARS and DMPE

Complexes of Tc-99m", European Nuclear Medicine Con-gress, Budapest, Hungary, Aug. 1987

Ramamoorthy, N., Saraswathy, Iyer, P., Vanaja, P. andMani, R.S. "Preparation and Evaluation of Column"""Tc Generators Using Irradiated Titanium MolybdateTargets", IAEA's Research Coordination Meeting onDevelopment of """Tc Generators Using Low-powerResearch Reactors, Bandung, Indonesia, Oct. 1987

Ramamoorthy, N. and Mani, R.S. "Evaluation of thePerformance of 'Sublitech' """Tc Generator", ibid.

BARC. ANNUAL REPORT - 1987 62

REACTORS

5*1 Reactor Engineering

The main thrust of the R&D programme in reactorengineering during the year has been towards the design of500 MWe PHWR, development and safety related workconcerning the 235 MWe PHWR under operation and con-struction, fuel handling system for 500 MWe prototype fastbreeder reactor and experimental facilities at Dhruva reactor.Some of the major achievements during the year are : analyticalsupport to the successful repair of RAPS-I end-shield; design ofthe replacement feed water sparger at TAPS-I, which has beensuccessfully carried out; successful experiments at Kalpakkamon large scale model of PHWR containment to obtain thepressure and temperature transients; completion of acceptancetesting of three fuelling machines for Narora reactors in a setup specially built for the purpose; completion of detailed reviewof PHWRs in the light of Chernobyl accident; completion ofLevel-I of probabilistic safety assessment study for 235 MWePHWR; successful implementation of remote measurement ofcreep on PHWR coolant channels using fuelling machinesleading to significant saving in man-rem expenditure; designand analysis of the containment piping and pressuriser of 500MWe PHWR; and installation of tray rods and self-serve facilityfor isotope irradiation in Dhruva reactor.

Special rupture disc configuration was worked out for theECCS scheme of Dhruva to facilitate passive isolation betweenthe light water and heavy water zones, which could bebreached in case of loss of coolant accident leading to theinjection of emergency coolant In addition to the tray rodswhich have been in use for isotope irradiation, one self-serveunit was also installed in Dhruva for actual use. A plug handlingfacility for use with neutron beam holes was also completed. Amockup assembly of cold neutron guide vacuum shroud hasbeen designed and ordered. A slug rod meant for irradiation ofcobalt pencils in Dhruva was designed, manufactured andsupplied. Special zircaloy pressure tubes for manufacture of testsections of in-pile loops in Dhruva reactor have been procured.The work of vibration assessment of various important compo-nents in Dhruva reactor was continued to evaluate the state ofhealth of these components. The power of Dhruva wasgradually raised to 100 MW.

The primary heat transport pump test facility was used forendurance testing of one of 2800 kW PHT pumps meant forKAPP-I with a view to obtain data on long term performanceunder simulated pressure and temperature conditions existingin the power reactors. The pump has already logged 2000 hrs.A pressuriser for control of pressure in the primary heattransport system has been incorporated in the design of 500MWe PHWR. Technical specifications for various alternatives of

the pressuriser were prepared to facilitate procurement action.Experimental set ups for developmental work on the liquidpoison injection system and the steel ball filled end-shield wereassembled. These facilities would be used to generate designinformation and data on performance of these systems. Afacility has been commissioned for testing and evaluation ofindigenously manufactured high pressure pipe couplings usedfor feeder connections and other similar critical applications. Asimilar facility for test on large 200 mm diameter high pressurevalves has been commissioned. A blowout panel capable ofquickly relieving pressure in different chambers of containmentvolume at pre-set pressures has been developed.

Three fuelling machines for use at Narora have beenacceptance tested in the Integral Thermal Facility (ITF) anddespatched to the project site. Efforts are being made toexpand the test facilities to cope up with the increasing workload envisaged in the power programme. The expertiseavailable in BARC has been used for resolving fuel handlingproblems that arose in the power reactors. A design basisreport for the spend fuel transport system of 500 MWe PHWRhas been completed. Experiments on measuement of pressuredrop in the fuel locator to be used in the 500 MWe PHWRcoolant channels have been carried out A number of proce-dures for handling emergency conditions connected withoperation of fuel handling systems were formulated. Analternative scheme involving rotating shielded flask for transferof fuel from 500 MWe PFBR reactor to external storage wasworked out. A number of models "relating to different schemesof fuel transport system of PFBR were manufactured forstudying their performance.

A 1 : 10 linear scale vapour suppression pool experi-mental facility was commissioned at MAPS, Kalpakkam. Anumber of experimental runs were carried out While dataanalysis and further experiments are still in progress, experi-ments done so far have confirmed the adequacy of vapoursuppression pool system in limiting the pressure and tempera-ture in the containment building to well below the analyticalestimates. An IAEA standard problem exercise No. 2 whichinvolved predictions for a test simulating 7-4% cold leg breakwith accumulator injection at the upper plenum and top otdowncomer in a WER 400 reactor was analysed. Post '.es'analysis is in progress.

Flow coast down analysis for 500 MWe PHWR wascompleted. A thermal hydraulic sub-channel analysis of thefuel assembly for 500 MWe PHWR has been completed Anexperimental scheme for determination of loss coefficient andvelocity distribution for the moderator inlet nozzle of the 500MWe PHWR calandria has been finalised.


Stress analysis of a typical nozzle group on the calandriaof 500 MWe PHWR has been completed. Extensive structuralanalysis of 500 MWe PHWR containment system, piping andthe reactor has been carried out.

The work on development of mechanical techniques forthe repositioning of the garter springs was continued and a toolto be used at reactor site for this purpose is being made. Workon the development of coolant channel replacement machineis progressing. A theoretical as well as an experimental workon the development of techniques for remote detachmentof rolled joints using high frequency induction heating hasyielded encouraging results. The pressure tube cutting tool isbeing fabricated and several other hardware items needed forcoolant channel replacement are in various stages of designand procurement Experimental work is in progress for thedevelopment of-the rolled joints of 500 MWe PHWR coolant

channels.Work related to probabilistic safety assessment (PSA)

models of standardised 235 MWe and 500 MWe PHWRs isbeing carried out Safety and reliability analysis of the reactorbuilding isolation system, emergency core cooling system,moderator circulation, and fuelling machine D2O hydrauliccontrol systems ot NAPP has been completed. In addition,reliability analysis of important process systems like processwater, feed water etc. which might cause common causefailures in various safety systems, has also been carried out Anumber of modifications, as a result of recommendationsbased on reliability analysis, have been incorporated in thesystem design.

A report on Level 1 PSA of NAPP has been prepared. Apackage incorporating essential computer programs for PSALevel 1 analysis including development of a failure data base,construction and quantification of Fault Trees, uncertaintypropagation and quantification of Event Trees is being deve-loped. A computer code, KITT (Kinetic Tree Theory) for FaultTree Evaluation, has been commissioned.

Reliability evaluation of the electrical power supply ofTAPS was carried oui. Apart from the evaluation of onsite andoffsite power sources, a probabilistic assessment of stationblackout was also incorporated. Mitigating measures to copewith blackout situation were also recommended.

Mechanical engineering support is being provided toother programmes like manufacture of borewell lock assembly,neutron velocity selector, turnstile gates, automatic samplechanger and a facility for irradiation of food products.

A scheme of utilising thorium for the purpose of powerflattening in Marora reactor was worked out A scheme wasalso worked out for once-through irradiation of thorium inisolated channels of RAPS reactor fuelled with MOX fuel. A

number of calculations for optimisation of garter spring designwith inconel as construction material were also carried outCalculations to explore possibilities of reoptimised layout forshutdown device in 235 MWe PHWR are in progress.

The fuel assembly containing ThO2 fuei pellets wasdesigned. Three assemblies were loaded in the reactor.

The design modifications to fuel assembly to accom-modate on power refuelling and reusability of componentswere carried out Prototypes are undergoing functional testing.

Based on operational experience, seal plug assembly wasmodified. Modified seal plugs are being tested.

Fourteen (7 x 7) assemblies were loaded in Unit 1, cycle11, of TAPS. Specifications for TAPS fuel pellet, fuel rod andcladding tube were revised based on experience.

Installation of the 2MW inpile loop at Hall-7, instru-mentation etc. were completed. Hot commissioning activitiesare in progress.

Loop layout at Dhruva was finalised and schedule for loopinstallation at Dhruva is being woiked out

Design and fabrication of test fuel assembly, and itshandling procedures are being finalised.

Procurement of major equipment for the 150 kW inpileloop was completed. Procurement of instruments and detaileddesign of equipment are in progress.

The (ThO2-PuOa) fuel assembly A-C-6 has undergone aburn up of 20000RMWD and it is still continuing. Design of testpins for the inpile irradiation has been completed. Irradiationwill start soon after the pins are available.

Design of a buggy drive mechanism of Dhruva X-raychase was completed.

Following special components were fabricated andsupplied : assembly of 1 boron carbide control blade forTAPS, nitriding of 281 power reactor components for NuclearPower Corporation, 1200 zirconium niobium-copper alloygarter springs and 6 SS mechanical shut-off rods for NAPP-II,4 zircaloy liquid shut-off rods and 1 zircaloy inner tubeassembly for incore flux mapping assembly for NAPP-I, 10thoria J-rods and 10 aluminium finned tubes for simulationstudies on reprocessing at IGCAR, 240 thoria elements forphysics studies, 8 antimony pencils and 20 tray rod componentsfor TAPS start-up source assembly, and 42 uranium slugs tobe used as balancing weights were machined and supplied toNAPP after nickel plating.

5-2 Reactor Analysis

The proposal for constant pressure program at thesecondary side of 235 MWe PHWR steam generator forsimplification of the existing control scheme was analysed for


different rates of power setback. Based on this analysis, anexperiment was conducted at MAPS which confirmed no lowpressure trip of the reactor. The Training Simulator for nuclearpower plant operators is being commissioned at NuclearTraining Centre, RAPS, Kota.

An analytical model for pure steam chugging in a vapoursuppression pool has been developed to study the variations insteam pressure, pool motion, wet-well pressure by varyingcondensation coefficient, pool temperature and orifice para-meters. These results are useful in evaluating the associatedstructural loads. Data for orifice design for feeder lines havebeen generated for 500 MWe PHWR. Thermal hydraulicanalysis of primary heat transport system has been carried outto ascertain that no incipient boiling takes place in anysubchannel.

A one-dimensional 3-equation model for Loss of CoolantAccident relevant to Indian PHWRs has been developed andvalidated with published experimental results. Further modi-fications for improving numerical efficiency are being sortedout

Response spectra of 89 earthquake accelerograms recor-ded at soil sites were computed for various values of dampingand statistically analysed to arrive at the standard responsespectral shapes with various confidence levels.

Combining the merits of the two integral transport ap-proaches, namely Pij and J ± , a relatively inexpensive multi-group transport code LWR-BOX, capable of treating exactly allthe geometric details of the 2-D heterogenous LWR fuelassembly, was developed.

The reload pattern optimisation for a fuel cycle of Tarapurreactor was made completely automatic by incorporating a twoparameter search calculation in 2-D simulator code TACHY.Sector symmetric core loading were employed in cycle-11 ofboth the units resulting in smooth operation of Tarapurreactors.

5-3 Experimental Reactor Physics

Shielding measurements were continued at Apsara andcomputations were made with transport codes for testingagainst the measurements. Measurements for transmutationdoping of silicon were made in Cirus with crystal rotationduring the irradiations and flux measurements within thecrystal; expected resistivities were computed and commu-nicated to BHEL who are making the post-annealing resistivitymeasurements.

Measurements were made at Qrus to optimise noise-analysis data processing techniques for coolant flow ratemeasurements with the small detector separations that will

exist on some of the coolant lines at power reactor sites.Preparations are being completed for making these measure-ments at RAPS reactor. Measurements have also been startedat Grus for setting up a noise-analysis technique for surveil-lance of the health of power monitors at power reactor sites.

A number of assessments have been made and arecontinuing, in participation in working groups, on variousoperational aspects of 235 MWe PHWRs. Measured data withabsorber rods, earlier generated in BAR.C, is being used inone of these assessments. Micro-processor based predictionsystem for automatic monitoring during NAPP-1 start-up hasbeen set up.

Microprocessor-based automation for various applicationsduring experiments, for example for automatic detector move-ments for scanning faces of shields, has been developed andfurther applications are being studied.

Planning work has been done for measuring total receivedirradiation in studies of creep in Zr-Nb.

Computations with transport codes are being made forcomputing gamma fluxes in 500 MWe PHWRs in equilibriumcore conditions.

Nuclear data evaluation for the thorium cycle has beencontinued, with the data on "neutron per fission" having beentaken up during the year. This evaluation work is also beingsupplemented by theoretical computations.

5*4 Reactor Control

The instrumentation and control system for emergencycore cooling of Dhruva reactor was commissioned. Thetriplicated system detects LOCA situation by computing thesystem inventory loss (SIL) of heavy water and excess mode-rator return flow (EMRF), and annunciates the same in thecontrol room for the manual injection of DjO/H2O in thecoolant circuit The automatic injection scheme will be imple-mented during the second phase.

An advanced instrumentation and control system hasbeen designed, developed and fabricated for Kamini reactor,incorporating the redundant micro-computer based directdigital control of reactor power integrated process informationsystem and fail-safe trip system. To enhance the reactor safety,the concept of hybrid protection scheme employing micros,backed by conventional relay logics, has been adopted. Thissystem presents to the operator a user-friendly menu driveninterface. An integrated control panel-cum-console incorpo-rating mimics of the reactor systems, 3 colour graphic terminalswith key-boards, alarm windows and push button indicator/'switches has been fabricated, wired and tested. Stepper motordriven control plate and adjustable reflector block mechanisms


have been designed, fabricated and extensively tested. Thesecompact mechanisms are basically fail-safe with gravity dropfeature and with solenoid operated latches preventing acci-dental removal of safety control plates.

A computer control system for operating on-power fuellingmachines and fuel transfer systems developed by BARC hasbeen installed at NAPP. The control system is based on adedicated net-work of one master computer PDP 11/24 andtwo micro-computers, enabling the simultaneous operation oftwo fuelling machines and two fuel transfer systems. A prototypesystem installed at Integral Test Facility (ITF), BARC, has beenused for calibration and testing of the machine-heads. Thesystem incorporates an elaborate operator's console providingfacilities for operation in full-auto, semi-auto and manualmodes. As the operations are in progress, the alarm conditionand the information pertaining to the operation is displayed oncolour CRTs and also logged on printers. Off-line systemsupport programmes have been developed to provide flexibilityand simpler interaction with system logic. The know-how forfuel handling system has been transferred to ECIL

A Channel Temperature Monitoring (CTM) system hasbeen developed to monitor the outlet temperture of all the 306channels and the differential temperatures in the four boilers ofNAPP. The system based on a 8086 microprocessor andemploying VME bus based hardware boards, incorporatesseveral advances in hardware technology like PCB backplanes,flat cables and passive interface units.

The system includes several features superior to theearlier MAPP-CTM system like automatic routine log, synchro-nized acquisition of information etc.

A Digital Recording System (DRS) has been developed atNAPP to store information for 48 process parameters everytwo seconds for seven days. The system is based on a PC and afront end data acquisition microprocessor communicating inserial with each other. It provides information to operator astrend or history curves on a colour monitor, hard copy on a plotterand discrete trend values on a printer. The system provides auser-friendly menu driven interface to the operator and alsopermits limited information to be stored on a floppy disc whichcan be subsequently analyzed at MPC headquarters. Thisscheme replaces 48 conventional chart recorders and is thefirst step in replacing panel instrumentation with CRT basedoperator-support systems.

Failure probability analysis which is of great importance

for various reactor safety and safety related systems has beendone for emergency core cooling system of Dhruva, moderatorcirculation and shutdown cooling system for 500 MWe.

The laboratory testing of the first indigenous -four waysolenoid valve to replace the existing MOROTTA valve in 235MWe PHWRs has been completed. Two more valves werefabricated for carrying out extensive field trials at MAPS.

At TAPS, ten numbers of SRM/IRM drive mechanismsbased on BARC design have been fabricated to replace theexisting GE sensors with KGW sensors, without the need forreplacing the dry tubes within the pressure level.

5 '5 Reactor Operations and Maintenance

Based on the satisfactory performance of the variousprocess systems and modified fuel assemblies at a power levelof 25 MW and after commissioning the modified emergencycore cooling system, the power level of Dhruva reactor wasraised in steps and stabilised at 80 MW. The performance ofvarious process systems and the fuel assemblies continued toremain satisfactory. Subsequently the power was raised to thedesign value of 100 MW and the reactor performance wasfound to be satisfactory at its rated full power. A number of fuelassemblies have been discharged from the reactor after havingattained their stipulated burn-up. The prototype grease lubri-cated non-return device assembly of one of the main heavywater coolant pumps was replaced by a regular assembly inwhich the relative positions of radial bearing and ratchetmechanism have been interchanged for better maintainability.The failed fuel detection system has been improved byproviding a trend monitoring display on the control consoleCRT.

Apsara and Cirus reactors continued to be operated in asafe and efficient manner. Apart from using the reactorfacilities for basic research, radioisotope production and irra-diation testing of fuels and other materials continued to be themajor on-going activities. Over 1800 irradiation samplesmeant for isotope production in all the three reactors wereevaluated for reactivity effect, heat production and radiationshielding. Over 40,000 samples of water, heavy water, heliumand ion exchange resins were analysed for chemical control ofApsara, Cirus and Dhruva reactor systems. Guidance wasgiven to other Units of DAE for chemical analysis for processsystems and to the Bureau of Indian Standards for standardisingthe specifications of nuclear grade resins.


Publications

Venkat Raj, V., Dhall, H.C., Markandeya, S.G. andShendre, D.N. "Design and Fabrication of Some SpecialEquipment for a High Pressure, High Temperature Facilityfor Thermal Hydraulic Studies", Symp. on IndigenousNuclear Equipments, BARC, Feb. 1987

Pal, A.K., Saha, D. and Venkat Raj, V. "Development ofSimulators for Rod-Cluster Fuel Elements", ibid.

Mehta, S.K., Venkat Raj, V. and Sinha, R.K. "Equipmentfor Research and Development to Support Nuclear PowerProgramme and Associated Basic Research", ibid.

Vijayan, P.K., Date, A.W., Venkat Raj, V. and Mehta, S.K."Transient Behaviour of Natural Convection in a Figure-of-Eight Loop - Case of Initiation from Rest",ASME/JSME Thermal Engineering Conference,Honolulu, March 1987

Venkat Raj, V. "An Overview of Fluid Flow ResearchRelevant to India's Nuclear Power Programme", 15th Na-tional Conf. on Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power, REC,Srinagar, July 1987

Dolas, P.K., Venkat Raj, V., Gupta, S.K., Chamany, B.F.and Mehta, S.K. "Analysis of Simulated Small Break Lossof Coolant Accident - Standard Problem Exercise",Sponsored by IAEA, 9th National Heat and MassTransfer Conference, IISc, Bangalore, Dec. 1987

Pal, G., Markandeya, S.G. and Venkat Raj, V. "SteadyState and Transient Analysis of Spent Nuclear FuelBundles Exposed to Stagnant Gaseous Atmosphere", ibid.

Vijayan, P.K., Date, A.W., Venkat Raj, V. and Mehta, S.K."Transition from Forced to Natural Circulation in aFigure-of-Eight Loop", ibid.

Nagdauna, R.K., Vijayan, P.K. and Venkat Raj, V. "AComputer Code for the Prediction of Steady State andTransient Performance of Natural Circulation TypeIntegral Drum Steam Generator", ibid.

Mehta, S.K. and Venkat Raj, V. "Heat Transfer and FluidFlow Studies Related to Nuclear Reactors in India", ibid.

Vijayan, P.K., Nagduane, R.K. and Venkat Raj, V. "AComputer Code for the Dynamic Analysis of PrimaryHeat Transport System of a PHWR Following a PowerFailure", National Systems Conference, REC,Kurukshetra, Dec. 1987

Devesh Kumar, Gupta, S.K. and Dolas, P.K. "PumpFailure Analysis of Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors",9th National Heat and Mass Transfer Conf. IISc,Bangalore, Dec. 1987

Soni, N.L., Agrawal, R.G. and Rajesh Chandra "Design

of Fluid Power Circuit for Fuel Handling System ofIndian PHWRs for Better Redundancy", 15th NationalConf. on Fluid Mech. and Fluid Power, Srinagar, July1987

Soni, N.L., Agrawal, R.G. and Rajesh Chandra"Performance Evaluation of Oil Hydraulic High TorqueLow Speed Motors for 500 MWe PHWRs FuellingMachines", Symp. on Quality Assurance for Safety andReliability of Nuclear Power Plants, March 1987

Babar, A.K., et. al. "Use of PC in PSA Level I Analysis",National Symp. on PC in Science and Engg., BARC, Feb.1988

Sinha, R.K., Rupani, B.B., Kay a], J.N. and Joeman, V."An Overview of the Programme for Large Scale Replace-ment of Coolant Channels of PHWRs", Symp. onIndigenous Nuclear Equipment, BARC, Feb. 1987

Sharma, Avaneesh, Dulera, I.V., Sinha, R.K. andKakodkar, Anil "Application of Personal ComputersDuring Relocation of Garter Spring Spacers in PHWRCoolant Channels", National Symp. on PersonalComputers in Sci. and Engg., BARC, Feb. 1988

Singh, R.K., Murali, E, Prabhakar, K.M., Kushwaha,H.S. and Kakodkar, Anil "Evaluation of TemperatureField in Composite Tube Sheet Geometries with ComplexBoundary Conditions", 9th National Heat and MassConf. IISc Bangalore, Dec. 1987

Murali, B., Singh, R.K., Charan, J.J., Kushwaha, H.S.and Kakodkar, Anil "Analysis of Primary Heat TransportHeader Tee for 500 MWe PHWR", SMIRT IX B7,Lausanne, Aug. 1987

Reddy, G.R., Soni, R.S., Dutta, B.K., Kushwaha, H.S.and Kakodkar, Anil "Static and Dynamic Analysis ofNuclear Reactor Containment", ASKA User'sConference, Bangalore, Jan. 1988

Soni, R.S., Neelwarne, A., Singh, R.K., Murali, B.,Kushwaha, H.S. and Kakodkar, Anil "Stress Analysis ofNew Improved Design of TAPS Feedwater Nozzle", ibid.

Ramireddy, G., Soni, R.S., Kushwaha, H.S., Kakodkar,A. and Karandikar, G.V. "Ddynamic Analysis of Contain-ment Building of 500 MVvfe PHWR Using Axi-SymmetricModel", SMIRT-9 Paper No. K-8/2, Lausanne, Aug. 1987

Soni, R.S., Reddy, G.R. Kushwaha, H.S. and Kakodkar,Anil "A Unified Approach for the Seismic Design of 500MWe PHWR Building", ibid., Paper No. K-ll/8

Dutta, B.K., Kushwaha, H.S. and Kakodkar, Anil "Effectof Presence of Residual Stresses in Control Rod Drive

BARC, AMNUAL REPORT -1987 67

Mechanisms on Reactor Safety", ibid., Paper E-8/4

Dutta, B.K., Kushwaha, H.S. and Kakodkar, Anil"Modelling Methods in Stress. Analysis of Pipe CouplingClamps", ibid., Paper F.7/5

Dutta, B.K., Ramana, W.V., Kushwaha, H.S. andKakodkar, Anil "Stress and Fatigue Analysis of FuellingMachine Housing of 500 MWe PHWR", ibid., PaperF-7/8

Kakodkar, Anil, Kushwaha, H.S. and Dutta, B.K."Structural Evaluation of Containment for IndianPHWR", Post-SMIRT-9, Conference Seminar on Contain-ment of Nuclear Reactor, Lausanne, Aug. 1987

Dutta, B.K., Chawla, D.S., Kushwaha, H.S. andKakodkar, Anil "Temperature Transient During MultipassWelding", 9th Heat and Mass Transport Conf. IISc,Bangalore, Dec. 1987

Chawla, D.S., Dutta, B.K., Kushwaha, H.S. andKakodkar, Anil "Transient Temperature Computations inDifferent Sizes of C-couplings due to Reactor Start-upand Shut-down", ibid.

Kamala Balakrishnan and Kakodkar, Anil "Once throughThorium Cycle in RAPS - A Parametric Study", R andD on Thorium Fuel Cycles, Tech. Report No. 12

Kamala Balakrishnan and Kakodkar, Anil "Power Flat-tening in the Initial Core of NARORA Using ThoriumBundles", ibid., Report No. 13

Kamala Balakrishnan and Kakodkar, Anil "Power Flat-tening in the Initial Core of NARORA Using ThoriumBundles without Comprising on Secondary Shut DownWorth", ibid., Report No. 14

Kamala Balakrishnan "Power Flattening in the InitialCore of NARORA Using Thorium Bundles - CaJcula-tional Methods", ibid., Report No. IS

Kamala Balakrishnan and Kakodkar, Anil "PlutoniumRecycle in RAPS Core with Thorium and MOX inSeparate Channels", ibid.. Report No. 16

Umasankari and Kamala Balakrishnan "An AccidentAnalysis of Indian PHWRs in the Wake of ChernobylAccident", RED/RP/FC/16

Umasankari and Kamala Balakrishnan "SecondaryShut-down System of 500 MW(e) PHWR Studies on theSelection of Mesh Size", RED/RP/FC/17

Belokar, D.G., Grover, R.B. and Venkat Raj "Design andDevelopment of a Gamma-ray Desitometer for Void Frac-tion Measurement in Steady State Two-Phase Flow",

BARC/I-899

Soni, R.S., Ramireddy, G., Kushwaha, H.S., Kakodkar,Anil and Karandikar, G.V. "Seismic Analysis of 500 MWePHWR Building under Horizontal and Vertical GroundMotions", BARC-1345

Dutta, B.K., Kakodkar, Anil and Maiti, S.K."Development of a Complete Code 'CRACK' for Elasticand Elastoplastic Fracture Mechanics Analysis of 2-DStructures by Finite Element Techniques", BARC-1346

Ramireddy, G., Kushwaha, H.S. and Kakodkar, Anil"Vibration Analysis of Coolant Channel Assembly of 500MW(e) PHWR", AK/2562

Ghosh, A.K. "A Simplified Analytical Model For PoolSwell", Paper J8/9, SMIRT, Laussane, Switzerland, Aug.1987

Ghosh, A.K. "On Scaling of Response Spectra for Usein Aseismic Design", Paper K2/5, ibid.

Kakodkar, Anil, Kushwaha, H.S.K. and Ghosh, A.K."Structural Considerations for PHWR Internals andContainment under Various Postulated Initiating Events",Indo-German Workshop on Structures for Nuclear PowerReactor Technology, IIT, Madras, Feb. 1987

Ghosh, A.K. and Sharma, R.D. "Spectral Shapes forAccelerograms Recorded at Soil Sites", BARC-1365

Ghosh, A.K. "A Simplified Analytical Model for SteamChugging", HMT-2-87, 9th National Heat and MassTransfer Conference, Bangalore, 1987

Chakraborty, G., Gangwal, D.K. and Ray, R.N. "NAPPSteam Generator Open Loop Dynamic Response", ibid.

Jagannathan, V., Kulkarni, A.K. and Srinivasan, K.R."CALIBER - A Computer Code to Determine theThermal Margins for Tarapur BWRs", ibid.

Gupta, S.K., Murthy, L.G.K. and Gaitonde, U.N."Temperature Transients in a PHWR Fuel Bundle", ibid.

Krishnani, P.D. "Solution of Neutron Transport Equa-tion for LWR Fuel Assemblies by Interface CurrentMethod", NSRP-7, Mangalore, 1987

Jagannathan, V. "Validation of the Code HEXSYN withSNR-300 Benchmark", ibid.

Chamany, B.F., Mehta, S.K., Gupta, S.K., Venkatraj, V.,Kakodkar, Anil and Dastidar, P.R. "System Analysis andExperimental Studies Related to Indian Pressurised HeavyWater Reactors", IAEA, International Conference onNuclear Power Performance and Safety, Vienna, Austria,Sept. 1987


Dwivedi, S.R. and Gupta, H.C. "Biasing Techniques forMultiple Reaction Rate Calculations by Monte Carlo",NSRP-7, Mangalore, 1987

Nakra, A.N. and Srinivasan, K.R. "Analysis of IntegralMeasurements of UO2 Cluster Using Neutron TransportFormalism", ibid.,

Gupta, H.P., Nakra, A.N. and Srinivasan, K.R. "LatticePhysics of Narora Atomic Power Project (NAPP) 19 RodCluster Using Neutron Transport Formalism", ibid.,

Kumar, D., Dolas, P.K., Gupta, S.K. and Chamany, B.F."Pump Failure Analysis of Pressurised Heavy WaterReactor", 9th Heat and Mass Transfer Conference,Bangalore, Dec. 1987

Dolas, P.K., Venkatraj, V., Gupta, S.K., Chamany, B.F.and Mehta, S.K. "Analysis of Simulated Small Break Lossof Coolant Accident", Standard Problem ExerciseSponsored by IAEA

Lele, H.G., Gupta, S.K. and Murthy, L.G.K. "NODES1: A Code for Analysis of LOCA on Indian PHWRSystems", BARC/I-896

Jagannathan, V., Kulkarni, A.K. and Jain, R.P."COMESH - A Corner Mesh Finite Difference Code toSolve Multigroup Diffusion Equations inMultidimensions", BARC-1367

Jagannathan, V. and Kulkarni, A.K. 'NEWCALIB - AComputer Code to Determine Thermal Margins forTarapur BWRs from Measured TIP Readings",BARC/I-907

Jagannathan, V. "Validation of the Code HEXSYN withSNR-300 Benchmark", Seventh National Symposium onRadiation Physics, Mangalore, Nov. 1987

Subramanian, K. "Event Specific Procedures, SymptomBased Procedures, and Computerised Operator SupportSystems", Workshop on Operating Procedures forEmergency Conditions, Kota, Dec. 1987

Yadav, R.R.S. and Mehra, V.K. "Stress ComponentIndices for Elbow-elbow Connections", SMIRT-9,Lauassene, Switzerland, Aug. 1987

Deniz, V.C. "The Theory of Neutron Leakage in ReactorLattices", CRC Handbook of Nuclear Reactor Calcula-tions (Editor Yigal Ronen), Vol. II., 409, CRC Press, Inc.,

Florida, USA (1986)

Mehta-, S.L., Mistry, A.H., Gopalakrishnan, C.S. andRamaswamy, L.R. "Microprocesser Based Scanner forScanning of Reactor Shields", Symposium on IndigeneousNuclear Equipments, BARC, Feb. 1987

Mukherjee, A.S., Narayanan, T and Mehra, V.K. "ASimplified Analysis of Flange Under Thermal Transients",ibid.,

Graver, R.B. "Application of Computational Methods inTwo Phase Flow, Two Phase Heat Transfer Equipment -An Overview, Loss of Coolant Accident", Short TermCourse on Two Phase Flow and Boiling Heat Transfer",Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Oct. 1987

Vyas, K.N., et.al. "Project Monitoring Package (PMP)A Package for Project Activity Monitoring", BARC-1349(1987)

Unny, V.K.P., Shah, G.C., Shetiya, R.S. and Prabhu, L.H."Chemistry Control of Process Systems of Dhruva DuringCommissioning and Initial Operation", Symposium ofQuality Assurance for Safety and Reliability of NuclearPower Plants, 1987

Shetiya, R.S. "Chemistry Control and Research Reactors",IAEA, RCA Workshop on Operation and Maintenanceof Research Reactors, 1987

Unny, V.K.P. "Water Purification Systems in TrombayReactors", ibid.,

Shah, G.C. "Corrosion and Activation Aspects inResearch Reactors", ibid.,

Bose, H. and Prabhu, L.H. 'A Procedure for Detew..;..d-tion of Dissolved Gases in Pressurised Water RecirculatingSystems", BARC/I-924

Balakrishnan, M.R. "Dhruva Achieves Full Power",Nuclear India, 25(10-11) (1987)

Balakrishnana, M.R. "Research Reactors at Trombay",Booklet. 1987

Balakrishnan, M.R. "Thirty Years of InternationalAtomic Energy Agency", Nuclear India, 25(9) (1987)

Balakrishnan, M.R. "W.B. Lewis : Father of theCANDU", Nuclear India, 25(12) (1987)

BARC, ANNUAL REPORT-198? 69

FUEL CYCLE

6-1 Ore Dressing

The main thrust of activities was on maximizing therecovery of uranium values from Singhbhum Copper Planttailings and on the feasibility of employing beneficiationtechniques for exploitation of low grade uranium ores. Pilotplant scale tests (6 TPH) carried out using integrated gravitybeneficiation flow sheet have shown substantial improve-ment in the recovery of uranium values from Mosabanicopper plant tailings. Application of magnetic separationmethods, utilising the weakly magnetic susceptibility of uraninite,for recovering uranium values from copper tailings as well asfrom low grade uranium ores is being explored. Wet HighIntensity Magnetic Separation and High Gradient MagneticSeparation have been tried and the latter appears to beefficient. High Gradient Magnetic Separation of Mosabanicopper tailings sample gave nearly 90% recovery of uraniumvalues in the magnetic fraction.

A process flow sheet has been developed to beneficiatelow grade wolframite ores from Degana, Rajasthan. Nearly 50%tungsten values at a concentrate grade of 20-25 WO3 could berecovered from a granite type of ore with a tenor as low as0-04S6 WO3. With a higher tenor ore improved results in respectof both grade and recovery in the concentrate can be expected.Further,' a mica concentrate assaying 1% Li2O could beobtained as a valuable by-product Beneficiation tests ontungsten ores from Khobna (Maharashtra) and Madurai (TamilNadu) have been taken up and the results obtained so far areencouraging. Studies on gravity processing of low grade tinores from Tosham (Haryana) and Bastar (M.P.) are also inprogress.

Application of chelating type of flotation reagent likeGryoxal-bis-hydroxyanil (GBHA) is found to lead to considerablyimproved nickel recovery from Jaduguda uranium ore. Investi-gations are in progress for the use of flocculating agentsgrafted with specific functional groups like polyacrylamidegrafted with glyoxal for flocculation, and application of hydro-xamate type of reagents for flotation, of uranium minerals.Fundamental studies on various aspects of mineral bene-ficiation, petromineralogy and chemical analysis of differenttypes of ores were continued.

6-2 Uranium Metal Production

Production of uranium metal for fuelling the researchreactors Cirus and Dhruva was continued. Necessary modi-fications like the setting up of an auxiliary solvent extractionunit to process the large volume of leach liquor coming out ofthe magnesium fluoride slag processing were carried out toincrease the rate of production of uranium metal.

6-3 Uranium Fuel Fabrication

A process flowsheet has been developed for fabrication ofaluminium clad AI-CJ233 plate fuel element for Kamini reactor bythe melting-casting-picture framing-roll bonding technique.Roll swaging tool and fixture for joining fuel plates to spacershave also been developed and fabricated and a number ofNDT techniques have been utilised to evaluate the micro-homogeneity of the fuel in terms of Cl233 distribution, bondquality between the fuel meat and the cover plates anddimensional conformance. 40 fuel elements which constitutemore than half of the Kamini fuel core have been fabricatedfrom the available U"3.

A sol-gel microsphere pelletisation (SGMP) process hasbeen successfully developed for the first time for fabrication ofThO2 and £JO2 based fuels. The SGMP process uses solrgelderived dust-free and free-flowing calcined and porous micro-spheres for direct pelletisation and sintering. The processavoids generation of radiotoxic aerosols, minimises the numberof process steps, leads to high density pellets with an ideal porestructure and is amenable for automation and remotisation.Several production trials in batches of 6-10 kg were successfullydemonstrated in BARC and NFC. Around 100 kg of porousOO2 microspheres have been prepared for pelletisation andsintering in NFC and for testing in one of the PHWR fuelchannels. The SGMP process has been successfully extendedto CJO2-Gd2O3, UC and UN fuel pellets.

Depleted GO2 fuel pellet bundles will be used in PHWRsfor flux flattening. A process flowsheet has been developed toutilise depleted CJO2 powder prepared by the direct reductionof GO3 for pelletisation and sintering. Industrial scale trial with400 kg of such powder in the prototype MOX fuel fabricationfacility at RMD has demonstrated an acceptance rate of over753). The acceptance rate can further be improved by dryrecycling of the clean rejected oxide pellets.

Around 100 kg of double dished (JO2 pellets for PHWR500 has been fabricated for out-of-pile clad collapse experi-ments. The overall pellet acceptance rate was around 8556 in asingle cycle. 185 metallic uranium fuel elements (X-rods),1658 sub-assembly components and 3 tray-rods for Qrus; and127 uranium fuel clusters, 9 cobalt slug tray rods, 99 aluminiumshields and various other aluminium components for Dhruvawere fabricated and supplied. Major repajr and maintenancework was carried out on vertical salt bath furnace, vacuuminduction melting furnace and hot rolling mill in Cirus.

6-4 Quality Assurance

Quality surveillance on fuel bundles, zircaloy components,garter springs, coolant and calandria tubes for PHWRs, fuel


bundles for TAPS, SS strips for HWP, SS slabs and processvessels for KARP, forged flanges and pipes, seam welded tubesand SS process vessels for use in BARC and IRE, fuel and coreassemblies for FBTR, lead bricks, aluminium cartridges anddiaphragm valves, shut off rods and adjuster rods for Dhruvawas carried out.

6-5 Plutonium Fuel Fabrication

A MOX fuel fabrication plant oriented towards fabricationof PHWR type MOX fuel elements is under construction atTarapur. The installation of plant machinery and equipmentfor pellet fabrication is in an advanced stage of completion andprocurement of equipment for rod fabrication and fuel bundleassembly is in progress. Various aspects including physics andsafety of plutonium recycle in RAPS are being examined forsetting up a MOX fuelling scheme that will result in significantextension of fuel burn-up.

An additional number of 337 stainless steel (316) cladmixed uranium plutonium monocarbide fuel pins were fabri-cated and transported to IGCAR for raising the power level ofFBTR. Significant quantity of plutonium has been recoveredfrom rejected pellets and scraps by both dry and wet chemicalroutes.

A process flowsheet has been developed for fabrication ofuranium rich mixed uranium plutonium monocarbide andmononitride fuel from (JO2 and PuOa feed materials for PFBR500. The thermal conductivity and hot hardness of thesematerials have been determined upto 1500°C and the out-of-pile compatibility of these fuels with SS 316 cladding havebeen successfully demonstrated.

A dust free PuO2 powder conveying system under negativesuction head; a multiple air lock system for the transfer of CIO2

powder from inactive to Pu-active glovebox without the use ofPVC transfer bag; pellet transport system from one stage to theother are some of the automation systems developed andperfected for the Pu-fuel fabrication plant at PEP, Tarapur.

As a part of the thorium utilisation programme in PHWR, aprocess flowsheet has been developed for fabrication of highdensity ThO2-UO2 and ThO2-PuO2 fuel pellets by the "coldpelletisation and sintering" route. Use of nitrogen gas assintering atmosphere and Nb2O5 dopant enhanced the sinteringand yielded high density (5= 9656 T.D.) pellets at a relatively lowtemperature of 1400°C.

6-6 Post Irradiation Examination (PIE)

PIE of several modified fuel bundles of Dhruva reactorwere carried out to establish the excellent performance of theDhruva fuel assemblies. These results helped in taking adecision for increasing the power level of Dhruva reactor.

PIE of 2 numbers 19-pin fuel bundles from MAPS hasbeen completed providing useful information to the designersand operators for improving the performance of PHWR fuelelements.

PIE of several structural materials from RAPS and TAPShas helped in ascertaining the life limit factors of thesematerials and for providing suitable recommendations forobviating such occurrences in future.

6-7 Fuel Reprocessing

The Power Reactor Fuel Reprocessing Plant at Tarapur(PREFRE) successfully completed another reprocessingcampaign with the PHWR spent power reactor fuel and met theadditional plutonium requirement for the initial fuel charge ofthe Fast Breeder Test Reactor. After this the plant was on anoutage for the maintenance of critical in-process equipments.Preparations are underway now for starting a fresh campaignof operation of the plant. In the meantime spent fuel shipmentsfrom the Power Station to the Plant continued which are storedunder water awaiting reprocessing.

The Plutonium Plant at Trombay (PP) started processingthe spent fuel from Dhruva reactor and fulfilled one of itsdesign objectives. The uranium separated has been purifiedand shipped for reconversion to metallic form for fabricatingnew fuel elements for the reactor.

The Reprocessing Plant under construction at Kalpakkam(KARP) has made satisfactory progress. The construction ofthe low block building which will house the control room andsome of the auxiliary process and utility systems has beencompleted. Installation of the air-conditioning-ventilation systemis in progress. Civil construction of the high block building inwhich all the process cells and other active areas of the plantwill be located is in progress. A computer based ManagementInformation System (MIS) is closely monitoring the physicaland financial progress of the project and the procurementcalendar to take effective mid-course corrective actions in theevent of slip-ups in targets or cost over-runs.

The critical in-process equipments are being fabricated bythe Divisional workshops while all other process equipmentshave been contracted out. Tenders for the complex in-cellpiping, layout for which have been prepared with the aid ofcomputers (CAD) are under evaluation. The engineeringdesign of the process, auxiliary and utility systems are in anadvanced stage of completion.

Project work on the facility for separation of (J-233 fromirradiated thorium fuel has been started. The process flowsheet has been finalised and the systems engineering design ison hand. The cells in the evaporation plant building in the

LBARC, ANNUAL REPORT- 1987 71

Plgtonium Plant complex at Trombay are being decommis-sioned and decontaminated for installing the new facility there.

The thrust in the R & D efforts has been towards solvingsome of the recurring problems encountered in the operationof reprocessing plants and to generate data on certain newdesign concepts. Information required to firm-up the KARPdesign is also being generated.

Significant results have been obtained in the studiesinvolving the application of electrolytic methods in variousstages of Purex process.

Laboratory scale studies have identified some new matricesfor the separation of the degradation products in the processspent solvent and for the fixation of radionuclides from theliquid effluents of the plant New techniques for the measure-ment of fissile element concentration, especially non-destructiveassay of process samples, have also been developed.

The safety record of both the operating reprocessingplants and the various active facilities associated with them hasbeen excellent during this period.

6-8 Radioactive Waste Management

The construction of Solid Storage Surveillance Facility(SSSF), Tarapur, designed for interim storage of high levelradioactive waste packages produced in the Waste Immobilisa-tion Plant is completed. Erection and installation works arebeing carried out The erection of incell cranes, and otherfacilities, viz; steam boilers, thermic fluid heaters etc., have beencompleted in the surveillance and characterisation block meantfor long term product evaluation. The piping works are beingstarted. The erection of shielded boxes is in progress. Inactiveoperations for characterisation and evaluation of glass matrixare continuing.

The design of various services for Waste ImmobilisationProject under construction at Trombay is nearing completion.Civil works are making satisfactory progress. The piling hasbeen completed and construction of process and serviceblocks has commenced. Design of process system is underprogress. Sanction has been accorded for setting up WasteImmobilisation Project, Kalpakkam, meant for processing highlevel waste from spend fuel reprocessing plant at IGCAR.

The installation of equipment and piping at the WasteManagement Plant for Narora Atomic Power Project is nearingcompletion. Instrumentation work has started and testing andcommissioning of the plant is likely to be started soon. Thedesign of Waste Management Plant for Kakrapar AtomicPower Project is in progress. The design of waste managementplants for RAPS 3 & 4 and Kaiga Atomic Power Project isprogressing.

Work on WMF-AFR (Tarapur), a facility for handling andstorage of spent fuel from Tarapur Atomic Power Station, is inprogress.

The vitrification and bituminisation plant of the WasteImmobilisation Plant, Tarapur, were operated under inactiveconditions after necessary modification. Preparations for takingup high level active waste are being made.

The waste management facilities for low and mediumlevel wastes, at Trombay, Tarapur and Rajasthan were operatednon-stop. Different types and categories of solid and liquidwastes were treated. Liquid effluents after adequate deconta-mination as prescribed by health and safety authorities werereleased to environment. Discharges made at different siteswere restricted to less than 10% of the permissible limits.Radioactive concentrates were conditioned in suitable matricesbefore disposal into the engineered containment such as RCCtrenches or tile holes and are kept under constant surveillance.

Alkaline radioactive waste from the fuel reprocessingplant at Tarapur was immobilised in cement insitu in trenches.

Assembly, testing and supply of special filters such as highefficiency particulate and iodine filters to different units of thedepartment were provided on a regular basis. Studies on thedevelopment of protective system for armoured vehicle fordefence services are in progress.

Development work on improved technique for vitrificationof high level radioactive waste was continued. Joule heating forvitrification is being tried on pilot scale ceramic melter Inacticeoperational runs have been conducted for its performanceevaluation.

Process for thermal decomposition of organic wastes bypyrolysis and fluidised bed incineration are being developed. Alow temperature process (200°C) for the treatment of organicsolvent waste is being investigated. A low temperature process(110°C) for the treatment of alpha bearing cellulosic wasteusing hydrogen peroxide is under development. The wastegets completely oxidised giving very high volume reduction ofthe order of 400. A process based on adsorption in activatedcharcoal for the removal of surfactants from laundry waste hasbeen successfully developed.

Experimental set up for thermo-mechanical studies indeep geological formation, under simulated conditions, hasbeen commissioned in a deep underground chamber, withelectrical heaters, stress-meters, extensomenters and data-logger. Background readings of temperature and stresseshave been recorded and behaviour of rock consequent to lowheating is being observed. A validation computer programmehas been developed to generate data for the development ofrepository for high level waste products.


2.5 W Argon Ion Laser for Ramanscattering studies

Setup for hydriding zirconium alloys

Multigrip end effector for Pneumatic Robot

Operating gallery of Trombay

Fuel Reprocessing Plant

RF ion source for plasma diagnostics

Control room of Trombay FuelReprocessing Plant

Microwave interferometer setupfor plasma densitymeasurements

7|

(J-233 fuel element for Kamini reactor

~~ Magnetron sputtering system for wear

resistant coatings

100 kJ capacitor bank for pulsed plasmaexperiments

Shielded enclosure for pulsed diagnostics with high EMI immunity

A flux concentrator for pulsed high magnetic field (30 Tesla) Radioactive sample vial disposal system

The modelling of radionuclide migration during storageor disposal of solid or solidified wastes in shallow landrepository for Narora waste disposal site has been done.Results of the safety analysis indicate that there is no likelihoodof any activity release to environment beyond permissiblelevels even under very adverse conditions.

A proposed to set up a Alpha Waste Management Facilityat Kalpakkam is being reviewed.

The proposal for setting up of shallow evaporation ponds,where chemical effluents can be evaporated to dryness on adaily basis instead of the annual cycle of evaporation followedfor the existing deep solar evaporation ponds, has beenapproved. A proposal for pumping effluent to solar evaporationponds through a piping system was prepared as it has certainadvantages over the existing practice of transfer using tank-cars.

Effluent Management for wastes containing P-32 to begenerated at Jonaki, CCMB Campus, Hyderabad, was commis-sioned and is being operated satisfactorily. Here effluent iscollected, sloved in underground tanks, monitored and dis-charged into oxidation ponds.

Plants for treatment of effluents generated at some of thefacilities at ECIL have been constructed. One of the plants hasbeen completed in all respects and is undergoing commis-sioning trials. The operating manual for the plant has also beenprepared and sent to ECIL. A study was conducted onrecycling of waste water for airconditioning and air washersystems of ECIL. Preliminary report prepared by NationalProductivity Council, New Delhi, was evaluated and suitablemodification was suggested. Accordingly consultant is askedto revise the report and incorporate activated charcoal columns,at the polishing stage, to ensure complete removal of odour ofsewage water being treated for recycling.

Thorium hydroxide storage at IRE's Alwaye plant wasreviewed. For disposal of mixed-cake, which is a majorradioactive waste product at Alwaye plant, a status report wasprepared providing a long term strategy based on variousdisposal options which were examined in detail.

Centralised Waste Management Facility (CWMF) atKalpakkam treated about 9,000 m3 of liquid effluents containing560 Ci of tritium and 280 mQ of gross beta gamma fromMAPS and CWMF and 1,900 rn3 of potentially active alphabearing effluent from 1QCAR. About 1,21,150 kgs. of conta-minated protective wears were decontaminated and sent forreuse. About 40650 kgs. of solid waste having surface dosefrom 2 to 200 mR/hr, were collected, segregated, treated anddisposed in engineered containers. About 20,000 kgs. of highactive solid wastes including spent resin and filter cartridges

were received from MAPS and disposed of in undergroundengineered containers.

About 10,300 m3 of liquid effluents, having 821 Ci ofTritium and 1,200 mCi of gross beta gamma activity, weredischarged to the sea below the permissible levels at MAPS.During August 1987, it was observed by CWMF that thespecific activity of rad waste, after dilution did not reduce to theexpected limit of I -0 x 10"6 mG7 I (beta gamma), though theoperational procedure for dilution water was reportedly followedby the station, as per the standard practice. This was brought tothe notice of IGCAR-CWMF Safety Committee. Detailed investi-gations were taken up and it was observed that one of theEmergency Process Sea Water (EPSW) pumps in MAPS hadfailed and that the valve in the rad waste discharge line was in aclosed position, though there was a false indication that it wasopen. Also, it was brought to the notice of the station thatt lni t-2 EPSW pumps were not delivering the required quantityof dilution water as the pressure gauge, used as the onlymeans for finding out the flow of sea water, was not adequate.Accordingly, the station was requested to provide a flowmeasuring device, for which action is being initiated by theStation.

Treatment of printed circuit board effluents generated atECIL. Hyderabad, was carried out for recovery of Cr and Cu. Acontinuous set up using a glass column packed with activatedcharcoal granules which acts as cathode and an anode abovethe packing was designed.

Dosing of flocculants in chemical precipitation system isan important requirement for effectively treating low andintermediate level effluents. As the uptake of flocculants on theprecipitate surface is a function of its surface area, attemptswere made to determine the surface area of flocculatingparticles of potassium ferrocynide precipitate by adsorption ofmethylene blue as a tracer dye. The values of relative surfacearea indicated that the surface area increases and reachesmaximum after 6 to 9 minutes from the time precipitationstarts. In order to get absolute values, experiments wererepeated with preformed precipitate of Potassium Ferrocynide,and confirmed with BET surface area obtained by Na adsorptionmethod. The values are, however. 150-175 times higher thanthe calculated geometric surface area of equivalent sphericalparticles. This indicates the macroporosity of the precipitate.

Concentrated tritium waste can be fixed in polyurethanematrix. Tritiated water is reacted with Toluene di-iso-cyanate(TDI) to yield Toluene di-amine(TDA). which can further reactwith TDI to form polyurethane. Tritiated water, with specificactivity of I -4 Ci/ml, yields a polymer block with 2-79 ^ 105

dpm/gm. The reaction is carried out at room temperature. The


polymer block was cooled with castor oil and TDI polymer andsubjected to leaching test and it was observed that 80% oftritium gets permanently fixed in polymer.

The multivalent ions, which are found in waste, could bechemically fixed in polyurethane matrix. Cobalt, being animportant activation product, was chosen as a representativeion. The cobalt was isolated from waste, using an ix. columnand later eluted with Na-acetate to get cobalt in acetate form.The eluted solution was used in polymerisation, using TDI andester of phthalic anhydride and glycol to yield polyurethane. IRspectrum was taken to confirm the polyurethane structure.

Work on microbial removal of TROS from wastes has beeninitiated using cell immobilisation technique. Expertise hasbeen developed for immobilising the yeast microbes in calciumalginate beads. These calcium alginate beads were packed ina column. Feed solutions, with Fe(lll) & Th(IV), were preparedas these elements have similar aqueous chemistry as that ofTRUS. In a single cycle, dosing of above solution with im-mobilised cells of yeast gave 90% removal in case of Fe(III) and255& removal in case of Th(IV). Further studies are underway toevaluate the Partition Co-efficient of Th(FV) in this system.

The proposed cover gas for PFBR is a mixture of argonand helium. During operation, this will get contaminated withsodium aerosols and fission gases like Xe and Kr. In order tokeep the build up of these contaminants to a minimum andrecover He, which is a costly gas, a cover gas clean up systemis being evaluated. It is proposed to use a multistage filtrationand adsorption system for removal of sodium aerosols andcryogenic adsorption system for adsorption of Xe and Kr inactivated charcoal. Most of the instruments and raw-materialshave been procured and work has started. A project proposalhas also been prepared.

During 'Beyond Design Basis Accident', it is envisagedthat the entire volume of air in the containment building ofPFBR, viz.50,000 m3 of air, will get contaminated with 500 kg.of sodium aerosols. This air has to be filtered before letting itout to the environment within 4 to 8 hrs. A multistage sandfiltration system is being proposed. An experimental set up hasbeen planned and preliminary project proposal has also beenprepared.

Studies were continued for estimating removal efficienciesof organic iodides, using silver exchanged eolite-13X withdifferent silver loading. It is found to be superior to the presentlyused Kl impregnated charcoal, the efficiency of which lowersdue to high temperature and humidity. Silver loading techniqueshave been standardised under simulated conditions. Silversorbent provided a DF of 200 at 70°C. For 1-129, the DF is

even higher than the recommended value of CISAEC.

In order to estimate the leak tightness of RC trenches atKalpakkam site, the water collected at the RC trench wassampled from 22 trenches, which have not been used so far.The samples were analysed for physico-chemical characteristicsand radioactivity content Results indicate that tritium activityranges from 10~ 2 t o l0~ 5 mCi/1. and beta gamma activity is atbackground level. This indicates that there could be leakagesfrom partition walls of trenches. Borewells around the trenchesdo not show any activity.

Hydrogeological studies and resistivity survey were carriedout for a new housing site at Kalpakkam. Around 500 acres ofland were surveyed. Water table varies from surface level to 5mbelow surface. The water quality was analysed and found to bepotable. Resistivity survey indicated that the top soil cover isthin and its thickness varies from 2m to 4m. Fresh chamockiteis found at the depth varying from 8m to 42m. Weatheredcharnockite layer varies between 4 to 48 metes which maycontain sub-soil water.

Off-standard intermediate level waste was immobilised 'in-situ' in exfoliated vermiculite. Studies on uptake of contaminantsin solution obtained by decontaminating reactor componentson exfoliated vermiculite were continued. It was observed thatcerium, which is a major contaminant, gets permanentlyabsorbed on the matrix as compared to caesium. The obser-vation was confirmed by obtaining a gamma ray spectrumwhich shows only cerium peaks. X-ray diffractograph showedidentical spectrum for cerium and caesium. The specificity ofcerium could be associated with its higher valency overcaesium.

Activated charcoal is being extensively used in nuclearindustry for air cleaning. This can also be used for treatment ofliquid effluent for removal of various pollutants. Work wasinitiated to develop a suitable process for preparing theactivated charcoal from coconut shells. The shells were gradedto about 5 to 6 cm2 area and impregnated with commercialphosphoric acid. The mix was filtered and charred mass wassubjected to a temperature of about 450°C. This yielded aproduct having BET surface area of about 2000 mz/gm whichis much better than the indigenously available activatedcharcoal. The product is being evalu jted for various parameterslike Cu uptake, I number, phenol number etc.

The product was tested for fluoride removal from ''quideffluent. Preliminary results indicate that fluoride can besuccessfully removed. Similarly, phosphate removal could beobtained by zinc impregnated activated charcoal.


During the year, filter banks at MAPS and Reprocessing an audio alarm was set up to speed up the testing service,sloprnent Lab, IGCAR, and glove-box filters at Radiomistry Laboratory, IGCAR, were tested for their efficiency. A

sophisticated leak detection system for testing filter banks with

Development Lab, IGCAR, and glove-box filters at Radio » _*• * _i L. • .» -J •_ L. J t

_, _~ \-, , r , ^ An activated charcoal cartridge has been constructed forChemistry Laboratory, IGCAR, were tested for their efficiency. A . . . . . r-n-r-i-.

J " • ' iodine measurement in air streams at FBTR.


Publications

Gaur, B.K., et. al. "Detection of Breakaway Oxidation ofZr-2 by Acoustic Emission Technique", Seminar onAcoustic Emission, IGCAR, Kalpakkam, Dec. 1986

Khan, S. et.a!. "Application of Thermography in Repairof Vacuum Melting Furnace", National Seminar on NDT,Calcutta, Dec. 1986

Dutta, N.G., Kulkarni, P.G. and Vijayaraghavan, R."Stress Measurement by Ultrasonics'', ibid.

Malik, M.K., et. al. "Progress of the Programme onSuperconducting Materials and Magnets at BARC", Indo-FRG Seminar on Trends and Techniques in ModernMaterials Research, IGCAR, Kalpakkam, Jan. 1987

Desai, P.B., Ray, T.K. and Date, V.G. "Innovate Methodsin Resistance Welding - Adaption to Intricate Geometry",International Welding Seminar, New Delhi, Jan. 1987

Palnitkar, D.G., Bichakal, S.S., Date, V.G. andVijayaraghavan, R. "EB Welding of Nuclear ReactorComponents", ibid.

Bagchi, S.N., Kulkarni, P.G., Vaidya, P.R. and Thomare,M.M. "Fabrication of Al-Li Alloy Pencils", AluminiumCongress, New Delhi, Jan. 1987

Malik, M.K., Vijayaraghavan, R. and Balaramamoorthy,K. "Development and Fabrication of Multi-FilamentaryNb-Ti Wires", Symposium on Niobium SuperconductingApplications, Denves, Colorado, USA, Feb. 1987

Bagchi, S.N., Date, V.G., Kulkarni, P.G. andVijayaraghavan, R. "Fabrication of Garter Springs forPHWRs", Symposium on Indigenous Fabrication ofNuclear Equipment, BARC, Bombay, Feb. 1987

Sundararajan, P., Paibhale, S.V. and Date, V.G. "Pd-AgAlloy Foils for H2 Diffusion Unit", National P/M Con-ference, Bhopal, March 1987

Banerji, A.K. et.al. "QA System During Manufacture ofNuclear Power Reactor Fuel", DAE Symposium on QA,BARC, Bombay, 1967

Narayan, A.L. et.al. "QA Aspects of Pressure Tubes forPHWRs", ibid.

Krishna Rao, P.V.S. et.al. "Experience in QA for Core SubAssemblies for FBTR", ibid.

Venkataraman, L. "Ultrasonic Testing of Tubular PrintsNomograms for Circumferential Scanning", QualityEvaluation, 7(1), 1987

Venkataraman, L., et.al. "Remote Ultrasonic Device forUse in Nuclear Industry", DAE Symposium on QA,BARC, Bombay, March 1987

Venkataraman, L. "Ultrasonic Testing of Austenitic St.Steels", The EE Co., 3(1987)

Malik, M.K. and Chaddah, P. "Superconductivity inPower Engineering", BARC/I-1376

Vijayaraghavan, R. "Hazards During Fabrication ofNuclear Materials", National Symposium on PollutionThrough Metallurgical Processes, Srinagar, June 1987

Malik, M.K. et.al. "Critical Current Measurements onY-Ba-Cu-O", Parmanu - J. Physics 29(111), July 1987

Malik, M.K. et.al. "Critical Current Measurements onExtruded YBa2Cu3Ox Wires", ibid., 29(3), Sept. 1987"

Desai, P.B., Ray, T.K. and Date, V.G. "Behaviour ofZircaloy Clad Under Simulated Abnormal Conditions",41st ATM of IIM, Trivandrum, Nov. 1987

Date, V.G. and Vijayaraghavan, R. "Powder Metallurgyof Thorium International P/M Conference, IIT, Bombay,Dec. 1987

Rajachandrasekhar, R., Joshi, M.V. and Kulkarni, P.G."A Computer Programme in Basic Language for Com-putation of Spectrochemical Analytical Data",BARC-1344 (1987)

Subbalakshmi, I., Raju, R.P. and Kumar, S.V."Optimization of Process Flow Rates in ReprocessingPlants", BARC/I-905, 1987

Subbalakshmi, I., Raju, R.P. and Kumar, S.V. "ReliabilityStudy of a Fuel Reprocessing Plant Using Fault FreeAnalysis", BARC/I-912, 1987

Dey, P.K., Raman, V.R. and Nair, M.K.T. "Developmentof Electrolysers for Large Scale Production of UranousNitrate to meet Reprocessing Requirements", Transactionsof the SAEST, 22(4) (1987)

Prasad, A.N., Pandya, G.J., Seetharamiah, P., Kansra,V.P., Ranganathan, K.f Misra, A.K., Munish Chandra,Gupta, A.K., Patil, A.R. and Satyanarayana, A."Symposium on Indigeneous Nuclear Equipments",BARC, Feb. 1987

Misra, A.K., Raman, V.R. and Nair, M.K.T."Experimental with Double Skin Ventilation System forthe Plutonium Production Glove Box Trains ii: PREFRE",Tarapur", Specialist Meeting on Airconditioningand Ven-tilation for Nuclear Installations, IGCAR, Feb. 1987

Kulkarni, H.B., Raman, V.R. and Nair, M.K.T. "A Reviewof Ventilation System of an Existing Reprocessing Plant",ibid.

Kulkarni, H.B., Shyamaldas and Changrani, R.D.


'Symposium on Quality Assurance for Safety andReliability of Nuclear Flower Plants", BARC, March 1987

Prasad, A.N. "Activities at the Back-end of Nuclear FuelCycle-An Indian Experience", Seminar on Nuclear FuelCycle, BARC, 1987 (Invited Talk)

Kumar, S.V. "Process Control in the IAEA-RCAWorkshop on the Application of IBM/PC CompatibleComputers in Process Control and LaboratoryAutomation", BARC, Dec. 1987 (Invited Talk)

Varadarajan, N. "Evaluation of the Quality of SafeguardsAnalytical Services", IAEA Advisory Group Meeting,Vienna, Aug. 1987

Mathur, R.K., Narayan, P.K. and Kumra, M.S. "Role ofGeophysical Investigations in Selection of Repository Sitesin Deep Geoenvironment for Disposal of Hi-levelRadioactive Wastes", Proceedings of the Seminar on'Geophysics and Environment', Indian GeophysicalUnion, Hyderabad, Jan. 1987

Narayan, P.K. "Status of National Programme on ShallowLand Burial of Radioactive Wastes", IAEA Co-ordinatedResearch Programme Meeting on 'Migration andBiological Transfer of Radionuclides from Shallow LandBurial' Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge,USA, Sept. 1987

BARC, ANNUAL REPORT- 19B7 77

RADIOLOGICAL SAFETYAND PROTECTION

7*1 Health Physics

Health Physics serveillance was provided during operationand maintenance of power reactors at Kalpakkam, Tarapurand Rajasthan and during various phases of the operation ofDhruva reactor. Apart from providing the health physicscoverage for the VEC operation at Calcutta, investigation onneutron spectrometry and other related topics were under-taken. The concentrations of air contaminants such as beryl-lium, mercury, fluoride, carbon monoxide, dusts and oil mistsduring various operations at BARC were well below theirrespective threshold limit values in the working environmentAll the personnel working with radioactive materials, plants andreactors were continued to be monitored for internal conta-mination. A majority of the workers did not show any conta-mination. Prompt remedial measures were taken whereverinternal contamination of any part of body was detected.Members of public from the critical group were whole bodymonitored at ESL, Tarapur and in no case significant levelsattributable to power station operation were detected. Theresults of environmental surveillance at different DAE instal-lations showed that there is no significant contribution due todifferent operations carried out at the site. Environmentalradiation survey using TLD around all DAE installations in theentire country showed no abnormal increases in radiationlevels. Educational efforts under the accident prevention pro-gramme were continued in BARC and other DAE installationsto motivate and increase the safety awareness among theworkers.

Planning for the health physics services for the W1Pprojects at Tarapur and Trombay, PREFRE expansion projectat Tarapur and for the Kalpakkam reprocessing plant is inprogress. Technical specification limit for environmental dis-charges from nuclear power plants were revised based onICRP, Paris Statement 1985 on "population dose limit"Calculations on radioactivity and radiation field in variousreactor components and radiation shielding aspects were donefor assessment of radiation exposure during the proposedreplacement of defective end-shield of RAPS-I. Reliabilityanalyses of the following IHAPP reactor systems were carriedout : (a) Moderator system, (b) Electrical Power Supply System(c) Secondary Shutdown System-modified scheme,(d) ReactorProtective System,(e) Emergency Core Cooling System. Studieswere continued on the intake, tissue (organ) distribution andelimination rate of thorium and uranium by human body;differential body elimination rates of plutonium and americium;Inhalation hazard, long term lung deposition and organicbinding of tritium. Theoretical computation using biokineticmodels adopted by ICRP are being carried out to assess

accumulation of radioactive nuclides in different body organswhen workers are exposed to contaminated environments.

Analysis of bottom sediment samples collected fromlocations along the Grus jetty indicated reduction in Cs-137activity in sediments, compared to previous years, due to theshifting of the outfall. Analysis of samples consisting of seawater, suspended silt, shore sediment, marine organisms, freshwater and air, collected around Trombay, showed that maxi-mum internal exposure arising due to consumption of fishharvested from Bombay harbour bay was 0-001 mSv y " ' andthe external exposure even at the areas in close proximity ofthe discharge locations was aboU 0065 mSv y ' which aremuch below the stipulated upper bounds.

A computer programme for extreme value analyses ofmeterological data using graphics was developed, and it wasused on rain fall and evaporation data to estimate optimumdepths of evaporation ponds at the proposed Nagarjuna SagarNuclear Power Station site.

Interactive computer programmes for use in radiationemergency were developed. A particle trajectory atmosphericmodel was employed to study dispersion of effluent releasesfrom a continuous source.

Effect of stack effluent effuse velocity on off-site radiationexposures was estimated to derive Kakrapar Atomic PowerStation stack parameters.

A one-dimensional hydrodynamic mode was developedto predict concentration of both parent and daughter radio-nuclides in ocean waters arising due to leaching of canistersdumped on ocean floor.

A four-box compartmenta! model was employed to studymigration of C-14 and tritium from different burial compart-ments. The effect on the collective dose commitment especiallyfor C-14 when buried in sediment matrix was examined inrelation to atmospheric or aquatic releases.

tinder an intercomparison programme a sediment samplefrom IAEA was analysed for Pu and Am isotopes.

The multichannel analyser software was upgraded toenable it to be interfaced with a personal computer. The VHFbased environmental dose logging system was made functionalat Trombay. A number of special radiation survey and meteoro-logical instruments, large gas flow proportional counters fordetection of alpha and beta surface contamination, an alphacounter array for low level analysis, an electronic integrator torecord hourly value of incoming radiation, and an instrumentfor processing temperature signal from RTD were developed.

The inspection of the units of DAE was carried out forobserving compliance with specific reference to Factories Act1948, Atomic Energy (Factories) Rules, 1984 and Atomic


Energy (Working of the Mines, Minerals and Handling of,Prescribed Substance) Rules, 1984. The compliance of recordkeeping as per the Indian Electricity Act 1910, Indian ElectricityRules, 1956, Indian Boiler Rules, 1950 and Indian ExplosiveAct, 1884 also was observed. A proforma for collecting basicdata on location of the unit, its staff strength, plant equipmentprocess materials used, etc. was devised.

Inspection reports in respect of Heavy Water Rant (Talcher),OSCOM, EC1L NFC TAPS, UCIL, IGCAR NAPS and KhammamChemical Refineries, have been submitted to DAE SafetyReview Committee and to the concerned safety officers. All theinspection reports have been prepared on IBM PC compatiblecomputer in the form of files of a computerised data basebeing created.

A material safety data sheet has been prepared to collectinformal n on manufacturer, hazardou' ingredients, physicaland chemical characteristics, health hazard data. etc.

A special activity of disposing off of 129 compressed gascylinders containing toxic and poisonous gases was undertakenduring this year. These cylinders were lying unused for manyyears and the markings on the cylinders had got erased due tocorrosion. Cylinder caps and valves were jammed in somecases. These cylinders were successfully emptied of theircontents without even minor injury to anybody by using specialtechniques and tools in a remote area in Trombay Campus. Allthe cylinders were purged with nitrogen and water beforecutting them as per the relevant Indian Standards.

soils at Bombay and Moradabad were studied to assesspopulation exposure. Blood and teeth samples of Bombayresidents indicated that blood lead levels of children in CentralBombay are increasing.

Two beta-gamma continuous air monitors were installedat Waste Management Plant Tarapur. Portable optical radio-meters for the survey of laboratories using lasers and opticalradiation have been designed and fabricated. Probes incorpo-rating orthogonal array of radio-frequency coils for monitoringleakage of electro-magnetic radiation were developed. Apassive monitor for estimation of nitrogen-dioxide in ambientand occupational environment was developed, based on tri-ethanolamine impregnated filters. An on-line monitoring systemfor ammonia and oxides of nitrogen was installed at HeavyWater Plant, Thai, Maharashtra.

More than 1400 samples of food items from import andexport consignments and from indigenous sources wereanalysed for radioactivity residues from Chernobyl accidentSix new fallout monitoring stations have been started at variouslocations of the country for detecting radioactivity releases tothe environment from weapon tests or nuclear accidents.Monitoring of deposition and atmospheric levels of natural andradionuclides from Chernobyl accident were carried out Lead,cadmium, zinc and copper levels in air, water, food and surface

7-2 Radiological Protection

Radiation safety programme was continued to be imple-mented for the users of radioisotopes and radiation sources allover the country. Personnel monitoring service was provided to32.400 radiation workers in 2,780 institutions using both filmbadge and thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLD). TLDmonitoring service was introduced for all radiation workersfrom Bombay. The average dose received was about 2 mSvper person. About 150 cases of over exposure wereinvestigated and suitable recommendations were made toavoid repetition in future.

Plans of 65 medical and 12 industrial installations wereapproved. Radiological protection surveys of 134 medical and288 industrial institutions were carried out. Source loadingoperations of 19 teletherapy units were supervised, sourceretrieval operations in a teletheraphy unit involving 7-4 * 10'3

Bq,"7 Cs was carried out 400 radiography cameras wereinspected for their functional safety.

A variety of radiation monitors required for the imple-mentation of radiation safety were developed and supplied forroutine use. In addition, specialised instruments such assecondary standard dosimeter, clinical dosimeter and TLreaders were fabricated and supplied to different institutions inthe country. Quality assurance check of the seven TLpersonnel monitoring stations was conducted and correctivemeasures were taken. A quality assurance analyser fordiagnostic x-ray machines and an x-ray monitor for scanningradiation field around colour TV receivers were made.

National standards for radionuclides, neutrons, x- andgamma ray beams for therapy and radiological protectionwere maintained. Calibration service for secondary standarddosimeters, protection monitors, reactor monitors, neutronsources and brachytherapy sources was provided. 40 standardradioactive sources were supplied. Postal intercomparison withvarious hospitals in the country was conducted for radioactivityand secondary standard dosimeters. A dose assurance pro-gramme for high dose radiation facilities using free radicaldosimeters was started this year. More than 14 lacs indicatorsfor identification of radiation sterilized medical products weresupplied to about 90 users of ISOMED plant A visual chemicaldosimeter was developed for quick medical management ofexposed persons in a nuclear emergency.


7-3 Monazite Survey Project

Survey of new born babies and epidemiological studieshave been continued to estimate the incidence of congenitalabnormalities, sentinal phenotypes, morbidity and mortalityrates, fertility indices in populations residing in normal and highbackground radiation areas of Kerala coast The new bornsurvey covers six hospital units and over 11,625 births havenow been recorded.

Cord blood samples have been collected for cytologicalanalysis to detect numerical and structural chromosome

changes. Likewise, referred cases of new borns having conge-nital abnormalities were also karyotypically analysed.

Epidemiological studies involving house-to-house surveyof 7700 households comprising more than 9100 couples anda population of over 51,000 individuals have been completedand further studies are in progress.

Chromosomal analyses of personnel in different units ofBARC have been carried out for various structural changesincluding dicentrics, rings and translocations.


Publications

Abani, M.C. et.al. "IAEA Seminar on the Applicationof Computer "technology to Radiation Protection", Bled.Yugoslavia, IAEA-SR-136/19, 22 June 1987

Abani, M.C. and Somasundaram, S. "Utilization ofMicro-computer System for Routine and EmergencyOperational Health Physics Management", Bulletin ofRadiation Protection 1O0&2) 1987

Abani, M.C. et.al. "utilization of Dedicated Micro-computer System for Radiation Protection Managementin Nuclear Installations", IAEA Seminar on the Applica-tion of Computer Technology to Radiation Protection,Bled, Yugoslavia, June 1967

Bandyopadhyay, T. and Sarkar, P.K. "Implementation andComparative Study of Random Sequences for Non-linearLeast Square Data Fitting", Pramana - J. of Physics 28,97(1987)

Bandyopadhyay, T. et.al. "Computed Neutron Spectra andDose Distribution in the Ion Chamber Basket of DhruvaReactor", Vllth National Symposium on RadiationPhysics, Mangalore (1987)

Desai, M.V.M. and Ganguly, A.K. "Fate of Radio-nuclidesin the Marine Environment", National Symposium onEmerging Frontiers of Chemistry, Bombay, Nov. 1987

Dey, N.N., Raut, S.J., Hemlata, P. and Kumar, S.S."Environmental Survey at Trombay", BARC/I-900 (1987)

Doshi, G.R. and Joshi, S.N. "Determination of Mercuryin Natural Waters", Ind. J. Technology 25, 371(1987)

Gupta, P.C. and Somasundram, S. "Application of ICRPInternal Dose Limits in Operational Health PhysicsProgrammes", Bulletin of Radiation Protection 10,111(1987)

Hukkoo, R.K. et.al. "A Simplified Method to EstimateGamma Dose from Atmospheric Releases", BARC/I-9G1

Dua, S.K., Maniyan, C.G. and Kotrappa, P. "InhalationExposure During Operations in Spent Fuel Bays", Radia-tion Protection Dosimetry 19(1987)

Iyer, M.R. et.al. "A Microprocessor Based Working LevelMonitor for Radon Daughter Products", Vllth NationalSymposium on Radiation Physics, Mangalore (1987)

Iyer, M.R. et.al. "Estimation of Pu/Am Ratio in LowActive Air Samples", ibid.,

Jain, V.K. "Defect Complexes and ThermoluminescenceSpectra in Lithium Fluoride at Low Temperature", Radia-tion Effects 102, 95(1987)

Abrol, V. "Application of a Linear Surge Model for the

Evaluation of Storm Surges along the Coastal Waters ofKalpakkam, East Coast of India", Indian Journal ofMarine Sciences 16, 1 March 1987

Jain, V.K. and Soman, S.D. "Radiation Hazards", TheIndian Practioner 333, May 1987

Jain, V.K. and Jahan, M.S. "Thermal Activation Energiesand Peak Temperatures in Thermolumenescence of LiF(Mg, Ti) and CaF2: MH at Low Temperatures", Phys.Stal. Sol. (a) 102, 725(1987)

Iyengar, T.S. et.al. "Radiological and Conventional SafetyAssessment of A 7 MeV Pulsed Neutron Accelerator atTrombay", Seminar on Physics and Technology of Parti-cle Accelerators and Their Applications", VEC, Calcutta,Jan. 1987

Iyengar, T.S., Somasundaram, S. and Subbaratnam, T."Annual Report on Health Physics Activities of BARCand Other DAE Facilities in Bombay for 1986",BARC/I-915 (Confidential) (1987)

Kirthi, K.N. et.al. "Beam-Spread and Scattered-RadiationMeasurements in a 7 MeV Linac Facility Using TLDs",National Symposium on Radiation Physics, Mangalore(1987)

Khasnabis, B.K., Bandyopadhyay, X, Sarkar, P.K. andMuthukrishnan, G. "Spectrum Measurements ofNeutrons from 40 MeV Alpha Particle Bombardment ofTantalum", Indian J. Physics 61 A, 93(1987)

Lakshmanan, A.R., Krishna Rao, X, Balachandran, N.and Viswanathan, S. "Determination of Nanogram Quan-tities of Selenium in Waste Effluents Containing HighLevels of Sulphate", National Symposium of ISAS,Burdhwan, Jan. 1987

Khatua, R., Krishnan, Narayani, Sun, M.M.K. and Basu,A.S. "Computer Aided Data Processing inEnvironmental-TLD Exposure Evaluation", Bulletin ofRadiation Protection 10, 1&2, 161(1987)

Marcose, P.M. "Adsorption of Natural Radionuclides onPyrolusite", Water, Air and Soil Pollution 35, 381(1987)

Maniyan, C.C. "Airborne Radioactivity in the Rod Cut-ting Building of Cirus-Mechanism of Release, Identifica-tion and Inhalation Dose to Workers", M.Sc. Thesis,Bombay University (1987)

Narayanan, K.K., Jain, V.K., Pillai, K.C. and Subba-ratnam, T. "Suggested Values of Derived InterventionLevels (DIL) for Food Items Following a NuclearAccident", Bulletin of Radiation Protection 10, i&2,1987

Pillai, K.C. and Matkar, V.M. "Determination of


Plutonium and Americium in Environmental Samples andAssessment of Thorium in Bone Samples from Normaland High Background Areas", Journal of Radioanal andNucl. Chem. Articles 115, 2, 217(1987)

Paul, A.C., Piilai, P.M.R and Pillai, K.C. "Handling ofMixed Solid Ode Solid Waste from Monazite Processing",Bulletin of Radiation Protection 10, 1&2, 185(1987)

Sankhesara, B.M. etal. "Cs-137and Pu-239 in SedimentCore from Bombay Harbour Bay", ibid., 57(1987)

Sastry, V.N. and Pillai, K.C. "Evaluation of RadiationExposures due to Release of Radioiodine under AccidentalConditions", ibid., 85(1987)

Pillai, P.M.R, Paul, A.C., Nair, Komalan S., Raghunath,B. and Pillai, K.C. "Evaluation of Airborne Radioactivi-ty and Dust Levels Associated with the Processing ofBeach Minerals and Monazite", ibid., 129(1987)

Paul, A.C. and Pillai, K.C. "Radiation Safety-Some BasicFacts", Journal FACT Technical Society XVIII, 1,6(1987)

Rao, S.R. and Pillai, K.C. "Environmental Assessmentand Evaluation of a Mathematical Model for Radioac-tive Effluent Discharges in Bombay Harbour Bay",BARC/I-906, (1987)

Rao, P.S., Viswanathan, P.S. and Nambi, K.S.V."Response of Brass Encapsulated CaF2, TLD to HighEnergy Photon", Bulletin of Radiation Protection 10,1&2,65(1987)

Rao, S.M.D., Nambi, K.S.V. and Chougaonkar, M.P. T LInduced by TSEE-A New Analytical Tool", InternationalWorkshop on Analytical Techniques in MaterialCharacterisation, Baton Rouge, USA (1987)

Gupta, B.L., Kini, U.R., Bhat, R.M. and Madhvanath,U. "Intercomparison of Ionization and ChemicalDosimetry Techniques for Central Axis Depth-DoseMeasurements from Cobalt-60 Teletherapy Machines",Asian Regional Conference on Medical Physics, Bombay,28(1986)

Ramakrishna Rao, A. and Muthukrishnan, G. "ShieldingCalculations for Accelerator Produced Neutrons, ANSTopical Conference on Theory and Practices in RadiationProtection and Shielding", KnoxviHe, Tennessee, April1987

Sharma, R.C. et.al. "Inferences from Thorax Countingon Selected Occupational Workers of Nuclear FuelComplex", Bulletin of Radiation Protection 10, 1&2,121(1987)

Sharma, D.N. et.al. "A Microprocessor Based Remote

Environmental Dose Logging System using VHFTelemetry", Vllth National Symposium on RadiationPhysics, Mangalore (1987)

Sarkar, P.K. and Prasad, M.A. "A Comparative Study ofPseudo and Quasi Random Numbers for the Solution ofIntegral Equations", Journal of Computational Physics68, 66(1987)

Dutta, Shiv, Murthy, K.B.S., Sharma, R.C. and Sunta,CM. "Computation of Uranium Burden Buildups inBody Organs of Occupational Workers", Bulletin ofRadiation Protraction 10, 1&2, 37(1987)

Sunta, CM., Dang, H.S. and Jaiswal, D.D. "Thorium inMan and Environment: Uptake and Clearance", Journalof Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 115,149(1987)

Sharma, R.C. et.al. "Measurement on IAEA RealisticChest Phantom for Assessment of M A m Lung andLymph Node Burdens and Their Efficacy to Study Casesof Internal Contaminations", Bulletin of Radiation Pro-tection 10, 1&2, 125(1987)

Sunta, CM. "Occupational and Environmental RadiationExposures and Radiobiological Hazards - A Review",Proc. of National Symposium on Radiation Biology,Manipal (1987)

Sachan, S.R. "Physico-Chemical Characteristics of LiquidScintillators and Their Applications", Ph.D. Thesis, M.S.University, Baroda (1987)

Sabharwal, S.C., Kathuria, S.P. and Ghosh, B. "Effectof Impurities on Scintillation - Optical and TL Proper-ties of NaI(Tl)", Nucl. Inst. Methods A-255, 501(1987)

Viswanathan, S., Rao, Surya B. and Lakshmanan, A.R."Dose and Risk Estimates from the Ingestion of Uraniumat Dietary Levels for Hyderabad Region", Bulletin ofRadiation Protection 10, 1&2, 181(1987)

Jaiswal, D.D., Dang, H.S. and Sunta, CM. "ObservedDistribution of Thorium in Human Organs and Its Com-parison with ICRP Model", ibid., 165(1987)

Nambi, K.S.V. et.al. "Country-wide Environmental Radia-tion Monitoring Using Thorium LunirnescemDosimeters", Radiation Protection Dosimetry 28, 1,31(1987)

Nambi, K.S.V. and Soman, S.D. "Environmental Radia-tion and Cancer in India", Health Physics 52, 653(1987)

Gupta, B.L., Nilekani, S.R., Gehringer, P. and Miller, A."Dose Intercomparison for 400-500 keV Electrons UsingFWT-60 Film and Glutamine (SpectrophotometricReadout) Dosimeters", Appl. Radiat. Isotopes 37,


965(1986)

Bhat, R.M., Narayan, G.R. and Gupta, B.L. "VisualMonitoring System for Personnel in a NuclearEmergency", Bull. Radiat. Prot. 10(1-2), 21(1987)

Gupta, B.L., Bhat, R.M. and Narayan, G.R. "Stable FBXSystem for Postal Dosimetry of leletherapy Machines",AMPI Med. Phys. Bull., Paper IV/5, 12(4), 6(1987)

Gupta, B.L., Bhat, R.M., Narayan, G.R. andRamaswamy, Rm.S. "Effect of Impurities in XylenolOrange on the Response of FBX System", AMPI Med.Phys. Bull. Paper V. 22, 12(4), 27(1987)

Ramaswamy, Rrn.S., Bhat, R.M., Narayan, G.R. andGupta, B.L. "The Effect of Oxygen Concentration onBenzoic Acid Sensitized Radiolytic Chain Oxidation ofFerrous Ions", ISRAPS Seminar on Radiation andPhotochemical Sciences 38(Abstract), IIT, Bombay, Dec1987

Kamboj, S., Mishra, S.C., Kamboj, B.K., Shahani, M.G.and Gupta, U.C. "An Intermediate Energy NeutronSource", Nuclear Instruments and Methods in PhysicsResearch Sec A, A261, 3, 601(1987)

Shahani, M.G., Kamboj, B.K., Sharma, D. and Phadnis,U.V. "International Intercomparison of Californium-252Neutron Emission Rates", Proc. of Vllth NSRP Sym-posium, p. 54(Abstract), Mangalore, (1987)

Misra, S.C. "Ttaceability in Radiation Metrology", AMPIMedical Physics Bulletin 12(1), 29(1987)

Rao, P.S. and Misra, S.C. "Extension of Burlin's GeneralTheory for Dosimetry of Photons in Low Energy Region",Vllth NSRP Symposium, p. 55(Abstract), Mangalore(1987)

Rao, P.S., Nambi, K.S.V. and Viswanathan, P. "Responseof Brass-Encapsulated CaF2 TLD to High EnergyPhotons", Bull. Rad. Prot. 10(82), 65(1987)

Srivastava, P.K., Sahoo, H.K. and Gangadharan, P."Third National Intercomparison of ActivityMeasurements with Iodine-131", AMPI Symposium,Trivandrum (1987), AMPI Med. Phys. Bull. Paper V/8,12(4), 11(1987)

Nathuram, R. and Mehta, M.K. "Photon AttenuationCo-efficients for Compound Materials", Vllth NSRPSymposium, Mangalore, p. 56(Abstract), Mangalore(1987)

Nathuram, R., Subrahmanian, G. and Thontandarya,S.R. "Range of Particles", Indian Journal of Physics,61-A, 209(1987)

Nathuram, R. and Mehta, M.K. "Adsorption of Particlesin Thin Aluminium Foils Used as Source Mount in 4n/JCounting", ibid. 61-A, 499(1987)

Naik, S.E, Govindarajan, K.N. and Kannan, A. "Statusof Radiation Standards for Exposure Maintained atDRP", AMPI Medical Physics Bulletin 12(4), 9(1987)

Vijayam, P.N.M.R., Kannana, A. and Jadhavgaonkar,P.S. "Behaviour of GM Type Surveymeters", ibid.,26(1987)

Kannan, A., Naik, S.B. and Govindarajan, K.N."Limitation of a Semiconductor Detector in Ratient DoseMeasurements", ibid., 12(4:5), (1987)

Shah, V.V., Singh, V., Phadnis, U.V., Shahani, M.G. andGangadharan, P. "Use of System Design Kit for 4n-yCoincidence Set-up", AH India Seminar onMicroprocessor Application in Industry, Quality,Reliability and Availability of Electronic System SeminarProceedings, 1(1987)

Lakshmanan, A.R., Shinde, S.S. and Bhatt, R.C. "AComparative Study of Some CasO4ThennoluminescentPhosphors for Radiation Dosimetry", Radiat. Prot.Dosim. 6(3), 237(1986)

Lakshmanan, A.R., Chandra, B., Pradhan, A.S. andSupe, S.J. "Application of ThermoluminescenceDosimeters for Personnel Monitoring in India", ibid., 17,49(1987)

Chandra, B., Lakshmanan, A.R., Shinde, S.S. and Bhatt,R.C. "The Role of Vacancies in the Thermoluminescenceof LiFTi and CaSO4:Dy", ibid., 17, 451(1986)

Chandra, Bhuwan, Lakshmanan, A.R., Shinde, S.S. andBhatt, R.C. "Laser Heating as a Potential Replacementfor the Conventional Heating of TLDs - A Comment.",ibid., 18(2), 114(1987)

Lakshmanan, A.R., Chandra, Bhuwan and Bhatt, R.C."Large Enhancement of TLD-100 Sensitivity by Irradia-tion in a Reactor Core", Nucl. Instr. and Meter. B26,557(1987)

Lakshmanan, A.R. and TUyu, J.W.N. "Annealing and Re-usability Characteristics of LiF-700 Chips", Radiat. Prot.Dosim. 18, 229(1987)

Pradhan, A.S., Vynckier, S. and Rassow, J. "Thermo-"Thermoluminescence of CaF23m (TLD-300) and LiF(TLD-700) for Dosimetry of Therapeutically UsedP(65)+Be Bast Neutrons", 9th Conference of AMPIMedical Physics, Bull. 12(4), Paper 11/3 (1987)

Pradhan, A.S. and Rassow, J. "Radiation Induced Ther-


moluminescence in CaFj.Tm Detectors", Nuclear In-struments and Methods in Physics Research A2SS,234(1987)

Pradhan, A.S. "Fast Neutron Response of CaF2fImTeflon TLD Discs of Different Thicknesses", Radiat. Prot.Dosim. IS, 233(1986)

Pradhan, A.S. "Vikran Karminkan Ki Suraksha KaMonitoran", Vaigyanik 4, 24(1986)

Pradhan, A.S., Bhatt, R.C. and Supe, S.J. "Detection ofLeakage Neutrons from Medical Electron Accelerators Us-ing TLD"r AMPI, Medical Physics Bulletin 11,516(1986)

Pradhan, A.S., Bhatt, R.C. and Supe, S.J. "Dosimetryof Mixed Fields of Neutrons and Ganuna Rays Using Sen-sitized and Unsensitized LiF TLD-700", ibid., 519(1986)

Pradhan, A.S. and Bhatt, R.C. "Thermoluminescence ofCaFj.Tni - Emission Spectrum and Influence of HeatTreatment", Bull. Radiat. Prot. 10(l&2), 69(1987)

Lakshmanan, A.R., Chandra, Bhuwan and Bhatt, R.C."Role of F Centres on the Thermoluminescence Processin Pure and Doped LiF Crystals", ibid., 105(1987)

Shinde, S.S., Lakshmanan, A.R. and Bhatt, R.C. "AComparative Study of Some Calcium Sulphate BasedThermoluminescent Phosphors for Radiation Dosimetry",ibid., 169(1987)

Chandra, Bhuwan, Lakshmanan, A.R., Shinde, S.S. andBhatt, R.C. "Radiation Damage in LiF:Mg, Ti andCaSO4:Dy TLD Phosphors", ibid., 173(1987)

Chandra, Bhuwan, Lakshmanan, A.R. and Bhatt, R.C."Effect of Pre- and Post-Irradiation TemperatureTreatments on the TL Characteristics of Various TL Peaksin LiF TLD-100", Seventh National Symposium on Radia-tion Physics held at Mangalore University, Nov. 1987(Abstract No. 68)

Lakshmanan, A.R., Shinde, S.S. and Bhatt, R.C. "GrainSize and Dysprosium Concentration Effects in Ther-moluminescent CaSO4:Dy", ibid., (Abstract No. 69)

Pradhan, A.S., Bhatt, R.C. and Supe, S. J. "Some Aspectsof Photon-transfer Thermoluminescence", ibid., (AbstractNo. 70)

Nagarajan, P.S. and Sundaram, V.K. "A Hybrid Ap-proach to Very Deep Penetration Problems in Shieldingand Dosimetry", Sixth Symposium on NeutronDosimetry, Neuherberg, Oct. 1987

Nagarajan, P.S. "Suggested Refinements to the 1CRUQuantities, The Energy Imparted and the Energy Deposit

in the Context of Low Energy Neutron Radiation", ibid.,

Sarkar, P.K. and Prasad, M. A. "A Comparative Study ofPseudo and Quasi Random Sequences for the Solutionof Integral Equations", J. Comput. Phys. 68, 66(1987)

Anjaria, K.B. and Murthy, M.S.S. "Effect of Cyclohex-imide on the Expression of Gene Conversion and Cell Kill-ing Induced by N-methyl-N' Nitroso-N-Nitrosoguanidineand Gamma Radiation in Yeast", XII Annual Conferenceof Environmental Mutagen Society of India, Hisar, p. 53(1987)

Murthy, M.S.S., Anjaria, K.B. and Deorukhakar, V.V."Search for an Inducible Component in the Recombina-tion Repair hi Yeast Exposed to Gamma Radiation andTwo Mutagenic Chemicals", ibid., p. 54(1987)

Deorukhakar, V.V. and Murthy, M.S.S. "Influence ofAnoxia on the Lethal and Recombinogenic Effects ofMutagenic Chememicals in Yeast", ibid., 60(1987)

Rao, B.S., Sankaranarayanan, N. and Anjaria, K.B."Effect of Caffeine on the Gamma Radiation InducedGene Conversion and Back Mutation in Yeast", ibid., p.45 (1987)

Rao, B.S., Anjaria, K.B., Sankaranarayanan, N. andMadhvanath, U. "Interaction between 3H Beta and *°CoGamma Rays in the Induction of Genetic Damage in YeastCells", National Symposium on Radiation Biology,Manipal, p. 14(1987)

Anjaria, K.B. and Rao, B.S. "Modification of RadiationInduced Gene Conversion in Yeast by Hypothermia",ibid., p. 57 (1987)

Rao, B.S., and Hopwood, L.E. "Oxygen EnhancementRatio (OER) for the Induction of Forward Mutation inChinese Hamster Ovary Cells", ibid., p. 67 (1987)

Rao, B.S. "Late Effects of Low Level Radiation Exposurein Mammals", ibid., p. 71 (1987)

Shenoy, K.S. and Rao, B.S. "Risk Evaluation for FemaleRadiation Workers of Medical Institutions in India", ibid.,p. 93 (1987)

Sankaran, A., Pal, N.C. and Patki, V.S. "A VersatileMultiparametric Dosimetry Data Acquisition SystemBased on 8085 Processor", AMPI Medical PhysicsBulletin, (Abstract), Paper IV/2, 12(4) (1987)

Lalsare, M.D., Kannan, S., Deokar, M.R. andGangadharan, P. "A Lower Power Microprocessor Con-trolled Dosimeter", ibid., Paper IV/3

Pendurkar, H.K., Somasn, AT., NagpaL J.S. and


Gangadharan, P. "A Compact TL Reader for Dose Out-put Measurements", ibid., Paper V/17(Abstract)

Das Sharma, R.N., Pendurkar, H.K., Pathan, A.K. andGangadharan, P. "A Heater Controller with Cold Junc-tion Compensation for Personnel Monitoring TLD BadgeReader", ibid., Paper V/18(Abstract)

Ramanathan, G., Risbud, V.H. and Gangadharan, P."Scintillation Monitor for Monitoring Radiation LevelsAround Colour TV Receivers'', ibid., Paper V/19(Abstract)

Ratna, P., Kannan, S. and Gangadharan, P. "An ImprovedSemiautomatic TLD Reader", ibid., Paper V/20(Abstract)

Nagpal, J.S., Varadharajan, Geetha and Gangadharan,P. "Quality Assurance Check of Personnel MonitoringSystems", ibid., Paper V/32(Abstract)

Mittal, H., Das Sarma, R.N., Aravindakshan, K. andGangadharan, P. "A Microprocessor Based FilmDosimeter Reader", Proc. of the 3rd National Conven-tion of Electronic and Telecommunication Engineers,Bombay, Dec. 1987

Sanaye, S.S., Popli, K.L., Phadke, B.D., Kher, R.K., Patel,P.H. and Supe, S.X "Recycling Studies of the Treated TLDDiscs", Bull. Radiat. Prot. 10, 113(1987)

Shenoy, K.S., Kher, R.K. and Supe, S.J. "Dose Analysisin an Industrial Radiography Institution", ibid., 157(1987)

Popli, K.L., Dere, A.V., Kher, R.K. and Supe, S.J."Measurement of Scatter Radiation and Secondary Elec-trons in the hx of Calibration Sources", Seventh NationalSymposium on Radiation Physics (NiiRP-7), Mangalore,Nov. 1987, (Abstract No. 12)

Gupta, S.K. and Supe, S.J. "Bremsstrahlung Energy Spec-trum and Exposure Rate in Air from Electrons (4-20 MeV)Incident on Thick Tantalum Target", ibid., (Abstract No.39)

Ayyappan, P., Vishwambaram, K.R. and Sethuraman, M."Influence of Tritium on CaSO4:Dy TL PersonnelMonitoring System", Bull. Radiat. Prot. 10, 17(1987)

Kadwani, M.G. and Sharma, R.M. "Intercomparison ofThermoluminescenre and Direct Reading Dosimeters",ibid., 5(1987)

BARC /SNNUAL REPORT-1987 85

1 ELECTRONICS ANDINSTRUMENTATION

8*1 Electronics

A powerful 4K nuclear data acquisition system has beenfabricated. The multiprocessor system does high speed dataacquisition and software processing functions simultaneouslyand provides communication facility with IBM-PC An 8Knuclear ADC with the differential non-linearity of 1 percentbased on DAC-correction principle has beeh designed andfabricated.

A beta ray aluminium/paper foil thickness gauge hasbeen developed for use in sheet metal/paper industries.

A nuclear instrument arithmetic module, "Digital RateMultiplier" has been fabricated and supplied to Nuclear FuelComplex from the estimation of uranium metal enrichment infuel.

8*2 Instrumentation

The Centralised Process Instrumentation Unit consistingof a calibration standards laboratory and an evaluation andtesting laboratory, has become functional. These laboratoriesestablish a Reference base for calibration of instrumentstraceable to National Standards. The facility has already beenextended to all DAE units and provides professional expertise inassessing the suitability of instruments for a particular appli-cation especially for Nuclear Power Programme. Evaluationtests were carried out on 15 Nos. of strap on type RTDsproposed to be used in future power reactors.

Various CAMAC modules required for accelerator controlinstrumentation and nuclear data acquisition system havebeen fabricated. The CAMAC crate controller for IBM-PC withthe standard CAMAC subroutines in Turbo-Pascal langaugehas been developed.

Nuclear instrumentation systems for NAPP-1 and NAPP-2reactors have been designed and fabricated. These indi-genously developed units meeting stringent reliability andseismic specifications, monitor the neutron flux for powerregulation, reactor safety, radiation levels in various areas andprocess sub-systems. In addition neutron power limiter unitsto ensure reactor operation at safe power level have beensupplied.

Twenty ion-chamber amplifiers for monitoring the reactorpower in RAPP reactors have been fabricated and these willreplace the old units of Canadian design.

A liquid scintillation spectrometer with a capacity tochange 100 samples automatically has been fabricated forconducting environmental survey at NAPP site.

A micro-processor based system for the early detection offailed fuel in Dhruva reactor was designed. It evaluates the rateof change of activity as well as the gross activity of each ion-

chamber, to predict the fuel failure behaviour.Health instrumentation to monitor neutron and gamma

radiation required for the Medium Energy Heavy Ion Acce-lerator (MEHIA) Project has been commissioned at site.

Nuclear control instrumentation tor Kamini Reactor wascompleted.

Modernisation of reactor instrumentation has been under-taken with a view to introduce on-line data acquisition andcommunication link with main control station.

A walk through type doorway monitor for the detection ofsmall amounts of plutonium in high gamma radiation back-ground in nuclear plants was fabricated. The know-how of thesystem has been passed on to ECIL for production.

An Event Sequence Recorder with the capacity to handle512 points (of either AC or DC voltage or potential freecontacts) has been fabricated for use in Heavy Water Plant atTuticorin. The salient features include 5 milli-second timeresolution of events, optical isolation of signals, event summaryprint out etc.

A digital video frame data acquisition and processingsystem has been designed and evaluated at Dhruva for thescreening of defects in fuel rods.

A two channel Electromyograph instrument with nerveconduction velocity measurement facility has been clinicallyevaluated at various hospitals in Bombay and the know-how isbeing transfered to industries for commercialisation.

An ultrasonic two dimensional viewing system for NonDestructive Testing applications has been developed and isevaluated at Atomic Fuels Division.

A few undoped YAG crystals of 22mm dia. and 75 mmlength were grown. The crystals are being analysed andcharacterised. Lead germanate crystals were grown and fast irdetectors (about 15 ns rise time) for laser power measurementmade from them. CdTe gamma ray detectors for operation atroom temperature were developed. Attempt is being made todevelop superconducting films of Y, Ba2 Cu3 O7_x by eva-poration and rf sputtering techniques. Routine production ofKDP crystals, optical windows and surface barrier detectorswas continued.

Development of the Process Mass Spectrometer withmicroprocessor based sample inlet system for continuous online isotopic ratio measurement of gaseous nuclear materialswas completed and satisfactory performance obtained. TheKnudsen cell ion source was completed and used for investi-gating the problem of corrosion cracking of fuel claddingmaterials. A mass spectrometer for geochronological appli-cations was supplied, to National Atomic Energy Agency,


Indonesia. The system for extraction of gases from rocksdesigned for the above machine was fabricated and tested. It isready for shipment A heavy water mass spectrometer withenhanced analytical range was fabricated for use in HeavyWater Project, Manuguru. One leak detector was routinelyproduced.

One more 600 kW current controlled DC power supply fortesting reactor components was fabricated. A 2 MeV, 30 kWlinear electron accelerator type ILU-6, imported from USSR,for irradiation use in industry, agriculture and medicine is beinginstalled.

An infrared night viewer was developed for studyinginsects affecting crops. CJltrahigh vacuum sputter ion pumpsfrom 70 1/sec to 270 1/sec capacity were designed. Routineproduction of ultrahigh vacuum pumps and components wascontinued.

An isoelectrofocussing colurr n for separation and cha-racterization of proteins and for studying cell surfaces and anew Ce hollow cathode lamp for spectroscopic analysis weredeveloped. Xenon flash lamps, glass to metal seals, hollowcathode lamps, pocket dosimeters and BA gauge heads wereroutinely produced.

Commissioning of process instrumentation and controlsand electrical power supply system for 2 MWinpile loop at Hall-7 was completed.

Commissioning of process instrumentation and controlsand 600 kW D.C. variable power supply for 3 MW boiling waterloop was completed.

Performance tests on Kakrapar P.H.T. pump were carriedto evaluate input, output efficiency and flow coast downcharacteristics. Instrumentation and controls for a number ofsmall experiment test facilities used for development of workspertaining to 235 and 500 MWe power reactors were comple-ted.

An explosive detector consisting of a sensor-head carriedon a telescopic handle and an electronic unit for signalprocessing, control, and moisture level indication has beendeveloped and is under test

A smart card was developed for storage of identitynumber, image and other verification features. This will beutilised at strategic locations to monitor and control access tohigh level security areas.

8-3 Computer Based Instrumentation

A token bus local area net-work was developed tofacilitate high speed reliable message transfer between thelocal control stations and central graphic display stations.Media access control, logical link control, net-work layer and

application layer protocols were developed and tested. Develop-ment of command interpreters and graphic display packagesfor the central station was also completed. The communicationnet-work thus developed are likely to find large applications indistributed plant control systems.

To facilitate multitasking in scanner systems, a real timemultitasking executive was designed and integrated with scan-ner and communication software and tested. Bus compatiblememory board, system controller board and Media AccessController were also fabricated and tested.

An expert system has been developed using an IBM-PC/XTcomputer for on-line nuclear instruments maintenance ofGrus reactor. Based on operator inputs of trip and alarm data,the system performs analysis by model based reasoningapproach and provides interactive communication for quickdiagnosis of instrument faults. The knowledge is expressed inboth the frames and rules, and the programs are written in"Prolog".

An IBM-PC based Mossbauer Data Acquisition and Pro-cessing System has been developed.

Development of an Ultrasonic C-scan imaging system isunder progress. /MgoTthms have been developed for processingtwo dimensional images.

Digital signal processing techniques to analyse nuclearspectral data have been developed using Fourier and Walshtechniques.

Integrated security system consisting of subsystems-likeperimeter protection system, interior intrusion detection system,access control system for personnel and contraband material,CCTV surveillance system, computerised alarm reportingsystem-have been designed, installed and commissioned inFBTR complex. Microprocessor-b^sed alarm reporting systemdisplays alarms on CRT and mimic panel as a map-planalongwith standard colour coding and enables the guard toidentify the nature and location of alarm. Self-testing and guardtime scheduling are some of the other main features of thesystem. Access control system generate the log of all transac-tions along with time, name and department

One CCTV surveillance system was designed, installedand commissioned at NFC, Hyderabad. The entry to the vitalareas of NFC and main gate is controlled by bi-directionalturnstile gates operated by coded cards. The details of person-nel movement from access control system would be seriallycoupled to IBM PC to carryout the historical analysis, like thetime spent by an individual within the plant

An image processing and analysis system was developedaround the Personal Computer IBM-PC/XT. It comprises of atwo boards set called 'Frame Grabber', plug-in compatible with

BARC, ANMCML REPORT-1987 87

the PC performing image acquisition and display. The FrameGrabber accepts input from a video camera and the processedimage is displayed on a monitor. The software consists of alibrary of Image Processing and Analysis routines to operateon the acquired image for better visual display and to extractquantitative information about the image. A light pen interactionis provided for editing images directly on the monitor. Six suchsystems are being developed for various Divisions of BARCand Nuclear Fuel Complex, Hyderabad.

A pilot phonetic coding project scheme, based on themethod developed at BARC, is under impementation in theborder areas of Rajasthan. 16 volumes of code-books requiredfor the allotment of unique phonetic identity codes to citizenswere printed. Cinder the directions of Ministry of Home Affairs,440 villages of 4 border tehsils in districts of Bikaner, Qanga-nagar, Jaisalmer and Barmer were codified and code-bookspertaining to them were prepared. A design of civi1 identitycard, difficult to forge, was worked out Trainings were impartedto the State Govt staff at the four district and tehsil headquartersfor the allotment and verification of phonetic codes. Theallotment of phonetic codes on photo-identity cards to citizensover 16 years of age in respect of villages under the pilotproject was carried out from June to December 1987.

A small electronic machine was developed for the veri-fication of six digit phonetic identity codes. It consists of dataentry for 16 consonants and 8 vowels. It can be used todetermine the code-book number corresponding to a givenplace-code.

A four digit formula, called Permanent Phonetic RadiationCode (PPRC), was evolved for radiation workers in India tofacilitate the entry of alf the exposure data of radiation workersin a single record of file, irrespective of their place of work. Thiswill be a helpful tool for better health care of radiation workers,and in the study of long-term effects of low-level exposure.

BARC participated in the IND-SECC1RITY exhibition atPragati Maidan, New Delhi in March 1987, and had displayedits indigenous security systems. It was awarded the first prize

consisting of a gold meda! and peacock disc.

8*4 Control Engineering

Eight 50 kVA source inverters were fabricated and testedunder simulated load conditions. In order to enhance reliability,a 50 kVA prototype current source inverter, having all thefeatures of a voltage source unit, has been developed andtested.

To improve the cooling of thyristors with liquid coolantfreon and to reduce the number of devices in series parallelcombination for chopper equipment, experimental studieswere started for the investigation of the heat transfer. The aim isto incorporate freon cooling in QTO thyristor-based choppers tobe developed by BARC. A proto-type 110V DC input; 1 kVA 50Hz. inverter required to pre-excite the series fields of thetraction motors for regeneration has been developed.

A 100 kVA semi-automatic welding machine for thewelding of zircaloy fuel pin was developed and tested. Thesystem utilising synchronous firing of thyristor enables weldcycle control during preheat, weldheat and post heat throughoperator set thumb-wheel switches and also permits heatcontrol during each weld cycle through preset potentiometers.

Hundred canned motors of two different types have beenmanufactured and supplied. In order to enhance efficiency ofcanned motors, Hastalloy cans have been developed. Detaileddocumentation for technology transfer of this type of cannedmotors has been prepared.

The design and fabrication drawings have been completedfor a transportable onicn irradiator capable of processingabout 3 tonnes of onions per hour. A prototype stainless steelconveyor of endless type was fabricated and satisfactorilytested in the mock-up irradiator unit in BARC.

The Pressure Tube Gauging Equipment (PTGE) is up-graded using a microprocessor based data printer. The systemis being used at Narora for measuring the deflection, diameterand ovality of the tubes.


Publications

Haridasan, G. "The Role of Ultrasound and Image Pro-cessing in the Quality Assurance Programme for NuclearIndustry", Symposium on Quality Assurance for Safetyand Reliability of Nuclear Power Plants, BARC, March1987

Haridasan, G. "Ultrasonic Back Projection Tomographyand Essentials of Image Processing", Symposium onImage Processing, Ooty, March 1987

Pansare, M.G., Jakati, R.K., Jambunathan, S.N., Bendre,R.J. and Chaganty, S.P. "Quality Assurance in Design,Fabrication and Commissioning of Nuclear Instrumenta-tion for Reactors", Symposium on Quahty Assurance forSafety and Reliability of Nuclear Power Plant, March,1987

Bairi, B.R. and Das, D. "Methodology for Testing andCommissioning of Reactor Control Safety and Monitor-ing Systems of Dhruva Reactor", ibid.

Kekre, H.B., Bairi, B.R. and Madan, V.K. "A FrequencyDomain Method for Fast Smoothing of Nuclear SpectralData", Fourteenth Conference on Radiation Protection,Jan. 1987

Madan, V.K. "A Fast and Economical Arithmetic Unitfor Nuclear Data Processing'', Symposium on IndigeneousNuclear Equipment, BARC, Feb. 1987

Chadda, V.K., Joshi, D.G., Murty, S.N., Kulgod, S.V.,Babu, C , Rao, Baldev Raj and Bhattacharya, D.K. "AMicroprocessor Based Metallographic Analysis System",Opto-Electronic Imaging, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing

Co. Ltd., Delhi, 35, 380(1987)

Kekre, H.B. and Madan, V.K. "Application of WalshTransforms to the Analysis of Nuclear Spectral Data",Atomkern Energy i.e., Kern Technical

Haridasan, G. "Role of Microprocessor to Increase Pro-ductivity in Bio-Medical Applications", NationalConvention of IEC (India), Dec. 1987

Srivastava, D.N. "A New Route to Physics, Part 1,Observer the Starting Point", Indian J. Theor. Phys. 34,83(1986)

Khatua, R., Somasundaram, S. and Srivastava, D.N."Permanent Phonetic Identification Code for RadiationWorkers", BARC-1357 (1987)

Srivastava, D.N. "Dwhani Parichay Sankhya Padhti KaVikas", All India Workshop and Seminar on TechnicalHindi Writing, IIT, Kanpur, March 1986

Srivastava, D.N. "Bhartiya Bhashacm Ki Anukalata MeDwhani Parichay Sankhya Padhti", Vijnan ParishadAnusandhan Patrika 29, 55(1986)

Chadda, V.K. "Image Processing in Material Sciences",Workshop on Image Processing in Astronomy, RadioAstronomy Centre, Ootaomund, March 1987

Chadda, V.K. "Image Analysis System", IPA Seminar onPulse Processing Techniques in Radiation Detection andSpectrometry, BARC, Bombay, Dec. 1987

Chadda, V.K. "Transient Analysis and RecordingSystem", ibid.


ENGINEERING SERVICES

9* 1 Civil Engineering

The important schemes completed during the year are(i) Workshop building for Reactor Control Division (Rs. 91-00lakhs), (ii) Pile foundations for Waste Immobilisation Plant(Rs. 54-00 lakhs), (iii) Helipad and approach road (Rs. 5-00lakhs), (iv) Electron Beam Facility ILU-6 to be located in FIPLYBldg. (Rs. 8-10 lakhs), (v) Change room and Guard house forPlutonium Plant (Rs. 6-10 lakhs), (vi) Laboratory building ofReactor Control Division (Rs. 99-00 lakhs).

The schemes which continued from last year are thesuper-structure works for Waste Immobilisation Plant (Rs. 9-58crores). Construction of a new glass house for Bio-OrganicDivision (Rs. 8-00 lakhs) has commenced this year.

The new schemes under planning are (i) Residentialaccommodation for housemen, RMOs attached to BARCHospital (Rs. 5300 lakhs), (ii) 50 lakhs litres capacity over-ground water tank for alternative. water supply line fromTrombay H.L. reservoir (Rs. 150-00 lakhs), (iii) Stores buildingfor DPS at Trombay village (Rs. 34-50 lakhs), (iv) Bank andpost office building at North Site (Rs. 22-78 lakhs), (v) Newglass house and service room for Biology & AgricultureDivision (Rs. 8-90 lakhs), (vi) Covered parking for cars andscooters at North Gate (Rs. 8-73 lakhs), (vi) Safety measures tocat-walks in upper floors of Mod. Labs. (Rs. 7-35 lakhs),(viii) Mezzanine floor for Remote Handling and Robotics Division(Rs. 213 lakhs), (ix) Security gates and masonry boundary wallat Trombay Gate (Rs. 6-60 lakhs) and other miscellaneousworks.

The maintenance of reactors, plants, laboratories, utilitiesand other buildings at Trombay, Hospital and Trainees' Hostelat Anushaktinagar cost Rs. 75-00 lakhs during the current year.

The remaining works of erecting false ceiling, internal andexternal painting, external water supply, sewerage and firefighting services and circulation roads connected with theLabelled Compound Laboratory building (Rs. 83-00 lakhs) andCommon Facilities Phase-ll (Rs. 8000 lakhs) were completedthis year. Extension to B.P.P. Plant (Rs. 5-72 lakhs) has beentaken up and work is in progress. Planning for extension toBeryllium Machining Facility (Rs. 3-88 lakhs) has been comple-ted and sanction is awaited.

After completion of main buildings and structures for SolidStorage Surveillance Facility (Rs. 636 lakhs), epoxy painting,external roads and services were continued and completedduring this year. At Waste Management site, construction of6th & 7th sets of RCC trenches (Rs. 72-56 lakhs) has beencompleted. At Township site, construction of 49 residentialquarters (Rs. 75-73 lakhs) has been completed in all respects.Sanction for further 230 quarters (Rs. 311 lakhs) has been

received. Construction of Welfare Centre (Rs. 4-50 lakhs) is inprogress. Planning for extension to Hospital Building has beencompleted and the estimate amounting to Rs. 98-00 lakhs isawaiting sanction. Similarly, planning for new primary schoolbuilding costing Rs. 58-45 has been completed.

Detailed planning for extension to Laboratory buildingand construction of Lecture Hall and other facilities for NRLhas been completed and the estimate of Rs. 57-25 lakhs isawaiting sanction.

The outlay on civil works of BARC including outstationworks during the current year 1987-88 is Rs. 618-58 lakhs.The budget outlay for the next year 1988-89 is Rs. 736-67lakhs.

Architects of BARC continued to render architecturalservice in designing buildings for BARC, NPC and for otherunits under DAE including aided institutions like TiFR, SINP,TMC etc. Architectural services were also provided to otherdepartments and outside agencies which included the Depart-ment of Electronics (for SAMEER), Institute of Hotel Manage-ment, Catering Technology & Applied Nutrition, Bombay andfor the Festival of India at USSR

9-2 Electrical and Mechanical Services

Operation and maintenance work on all the electricalpower systems (277 million units), electrical installations atvarious laboratories and workshops, airconditioning plants(7500 TR), ventilation, pneumatic controls, vacuum and watersupply systems (275 megaiitres per month), cranes, air-conditioner etc. was carried out The total cost of equipmentand layout maintained was about Rs. 1702-00 lakhs.

Electrical and mechanical services of the CentralisedServices Building for TSD having sanctioned cost of Rs. 87-80lakhs was completed.

Major on-going projects are PREFRE Expansion Phase-D,Solid Storage Surveillance Facility, expansion of staff quartersat Tarapur, Labelled Compound Laboratory, CommonFacilities Phase-I & II at Vashi Laboratory & workshop buildingfor Reactor Control Division, and alternate water supply linefrom Trombay High Level Reservoir of BMC at Anushaktinagarto BARC Complex.

The sanctioned cost of the above projects is Rs. 1537lakhs. Out of this, installation works costing Rs. 20000 lakhswere completed during this year.

M.S. exhaust duct laid in underground tunnel for IsotopeLabs, was decommissioned taking all precautions againstradioactive contamination and hazards, and new duct fabricatedout of M.S. and lined with FRP was laid and commissioned.

Guidance on design and construction works for air-

BARC, AMNUAL REPORT-1987 90

conditioning and ventilation, electrical and waste disposalsystems for Labelled Biomolecules Laboratory, Hyderabad,was provided.

9-3 Centra! Workshops

Central Workshops successfully commissioned the elec-tron beam welding system with a chamber of 1 -2 m x 2m x 2msize with a computerised work handling system. Sufficientprogress has been made in developing the tube to tube sheetwelding by explosive welding technique.

Expertise costing Rs. 7 crores in maintenance, erection,design, manufacture and testing of equipments and compo-nents was provided to all Divisions of BARC and other Units ofDAE.

A Hadron Calorimeter for large electron positron collidorexperiments to be done by TIFR at CERM, Geneva,wasmanufactured. A Triple Axis Spectrometer was designed forBangladesh. Scintillation counter for RadiopharmaceuticalsLaboratory, components for fuel plate assembly for Kaminireactor, under water cutting machine for TAPS, fuel scanning

stage assembly for S3F Plant and large size bellow (3m dia.) inpure aluminium for Cirus calandria were designed.

Design work on transportable onion irradiator, detectorshield and trolley assembly, electron beam chamber for LaserDivision, vacuum chamber for dipole magnet for CAT, toolingsfor manufacture of 500 MWe project FM heads and endfittings, macrograph, monel condensers, etc. is in an advancedstage.

Many mechanical components were designed by CAD.

Four fuelling machines have been assembled and tested.Manufacture of end fitting and liner tubes for KAPP, slitassembly, mass spectrometer and sputter ion pump parts,forty canned motors of various sizes, catalyst tubes, tensiletesting machine, space control rod drive mechanism, SScondensers, etc. were completed. Development of weldingmethods for pure aluminium of IS type, free of defects, forCirus calandria is in progress.

The Transport Maintenance Unit continued the mainte-nance of vehicles and has started using computer for datastorage, inventory control and for maintenance purpose.


Publications

Kamat, G.R. "The Role of Electroplating in Altering theSurface for Specific Applications in Nuclear PowerReactor System", Seminar on Advances in Surface Treat-ment of Metals - ASTOM 87, BARC, Oct. 1987

Chandrachoodan, P.P. and Unni, T.G. "UltrasonicEvaluation of Materials - A Study on the Effect of FlawOrientation on Signal Amplitude", National Symposiumon Acoustics, 1987, Dec. 1987

Koppikar, R.S., Mistry, A.J.,Lahiri, B.N. and Challappa,S. "Fabrication of Nuclear Component - Reactor

Calandria", National Voiding Seminar, Nov. 1987

Krishnan, J. and Challappa, S. "High Energy RateFabrication Methods - Tube to Tube Sheet Joint WeldingTechnique Development", ibid.

Guha, S. and Challappa, S. "Investigation on a TWoDegree of Freedom Closed Loop, National Conferenceon Machines and Mechanisms, Dec. 1987

Kamat, G.R. and Challappa, S. "Welding in QualityFabrication", Indian Institute of Welding, Bombay, Feb.1988


GENERAL

10-1 Remote Handling and Robotics

Prototypes of mobile and non-mobile robots are beingdesigned and fabricated for use in nuclear installations.

The pneumatic 'Pick & Place Robof developed earlier hasbeen deployed in several installations such as in Fuel Re-processing Division for remotely emptying and decontaminatingplastic vials containing radioactive liquid samples; in HealthPhysics Division for handling planchettes; in RadiometallurgyDivision for remotely handling impact samples; and Radio-pharmaceutical Division for handling of columns in the labora-tory.

A multiple gripper for handling four fuel pellets at a timehas been installed on the pneumatic robot for use in NuclearFuel Complex. The design of automatic spacer pad placementsystem has been completed and the system is currently underfabrication.

A more effective drive card for stepper motor has beendeveloped for use in some of the robots being constructed. Anarticulated robot with a four degrees of freedom has beenconstructed for use in PREFRE Expansion Project for handlingfuel pellets. Controlled by a PC, the robot will pick up pelletsfrom the conveyor system and place them sequentially insintering trays. It is proposed to control several robots on onePC A system for unloading the sintered pellets from thesintering board with the help of the vision system is also beingplanned. It is proposed to deploy several such robotic systemsin the PREFRE Expansion Project.

A robotic system which can do activities like handling,pippeting, uncapping, alliquoting, etc. of radioactive chemicalsample is being developed. The system consists of polarcoordinate type of robot, a set of end effectors and the cappingand de-capping station, along with the equipment for pippeting,weighing and sample storage. A Personal Computer willcontrol the entire system. This will enable operators to storesamples and handle them while noting down the identity of thesample, location of the sample, operation performed and theultimate destination of the sample, on a printer. Three or moresuch systems will be needed to cover FRD, PREFRE ExpansionProject and the KARP project at Kalpakkam. The work offabricating and assembling the sub-systems is under way. Theprototype is likely to be in operation in the first quarter of 1988.

A remotely operable ultrasonic non-destructive system forinspection of pipes in reactors has been developed and tested.This device is driven by compressed air and can be strappeddown to a pipe and run remotely on a programme involvingrotation around the pipe and axial reciprocation of the probealong the pipe line. The system carries 4 probes and operateswith electronic logic control which offers the operator several

options.In areas contaminated with radioactivity, the use of mobile

robot which walks on legs has a clear advantage. It is possibleto cover the robot body with a PVC suit and encase its feet inshoe covers. At the end of its operation, the robot can bestripped of its contaminated covering, leaving it clean and safe.A sample walking mechanism with six legs and one degree offreedom was constructed and demonstrated. Two more addi-tional degrees of freedom are being provided to this design toenable it to move on floors of hot cells and perform operationslike radiation monitoring and surveying. Another advantage ofthe walking system is that it can be provided with suctioncup or magnetic grips which enables it to walk on walls orroofs. This advantage is being exploited and the design of aprobe-carrying robot for inspection of reactor vessels is beingplanned.

For robots with more diverse applications and larger loadcarrying capacity, more degrees of freedom are needed. Underthe Nuclear Robot Project, a six-legged walking mechanism,capable of adopting different gaits and orientations, with atotal of 18 degrees of freedom and driven by 18 DC motorshas been assembled. These motors work on closed positionservo loop. The servo drive cards have been procured andconstruction of the control system is progressing.

For non-mobile robots, either stepper motor or AC servodrives are most suitable as these motors have no commutatorsor brushes and have less insulation which could suffer radiationdamage. They also need minimum servicing. The AC Servorobot under construction can be used to handle and manipulateobjects weighing upto 5 kgs. and can perform tasks widelyvarying in speed and accuracy such as welding, materialhandling, painting, assembly of components, dismantling ofreactor fuel, reconstitution of fuel bundles, etc. A prototype oflow inertia drag cup type AC servo motors was built and testedexhaustively. A total of about 11 motors are now beingassembled for use in various systems.

A manually operated servo manipulator utilising AC servomotors and drives is nearing completion. This can be operatedremotely with the operator remaining in visual contact with theslave arm with the help of a closed circuit TV. It has manyeconomical applications which otherwise need several masterslave manipulators. A pair of servo manipulators carried on agantry can perform all the work while handling heavier loads.In addition, the hot cells in which these manipulators work willnot need expensive lead shielding windows. Equipment forlighting and viewing inside the FBTR reactor vessel has beenconstructed and delivered to IGCAR.

The first stepper motor driven five degree of freedom

3ARC, ANNUAL REPORT-1987 93

robot CGsntructed in BARC was sent to Russia for demonstrationin the Fesival of India Exhibition.

10-2 Technical information

BARC Library at present holds about 773,148 publications.This consists of about 77,000 books, nearly 56,000 volumes ofbound periodicals, more than 22,000 patents and standards,and about 618,000 technical reports. More than 1.800 journalspublished in India and abroad are regularly received in thelibrary.

Substantial progress has been made in computerisinglibrary operations. A database containing all the relevantinformation pertaining to each of the 1,800 odd journals beingreceived in the library has been created. A set of programs hasbeen written to retrieve the desired information from thisdatabase and to print out a list of scientific journals in anydesired format Operation of the Books Acquisition Unit hasbeen computerised. The Circulation Unit maintains a databaseof books issued out, and jets reminders printed with the heir,of the computer, for boo!;s which are not returned within thestipulated time. A computerised catalogue of library books isnearing completion. A dstabai e of all the library users contai-ning their names and addresses is also nearing completion.

India continued to actively participate in the InternationalNuclear Information System (INIS) of IAEA. Abot 700 items ofliterature falling under the INIS subject scope and published inIndia were submitted and added to the INIS database duringthis year. Library continued to receive the monthly magnetictape output from IAEA By processing this tape on the NDcomputer INIS-SDI service was continued. In order to bringabout improved awareness of INIS among the DAE community,a number of short duration workshops on the use of SM!S wereorganised. One month's INIS data is kept on-line on the l iDcomputer. An ND computer terminal was installed '>- theCentral Library exclusively for retrieving information fron \ theINIS database maintained on the ND computer.

A computer terminal was connected through telephor**lines to the IAEA computer at Vienna in order to carry out on-line search or> the INIS database maintained at Vienna on anexperimental basis. Using a data transmission rate of 300baud, a query profile can be transmitted from Trombay toVienna through International Subscriber Dialing, and theinformation retrived from IAEA computer is printed at IAEAand mailed to Bombay. Necessary action is being taken tohave this service on a regular and selective basis.

A number of technical and scientific reports, a booklet onresearch reactors at Trombay and a few brochures werepublished during this year. Proceedings of more than 10

scientific symposia were also brought out A new publication"BARC Highlights 86" was brought out For the first time atechnical annual report of BARC was published, giving the listof papers published and summary of work done during1986-87.

Work on setting up a laser disc based information retrievalsystem has made substantial progress. Necessary equipmentis about to be ordered.

Translation of technical papers and reports published inforeign languages was continued at the request of scientistsand engineers belonging to all constituent units of DAE. About150 articles were translated from Fench, German, Italian,Japanese, Russian and Spanish languages. Copies of thetranslations were deposited in the National Science Library,New Delhi, which maintains the national databank of trans-lations. Interpretation service in Russian and German languageswas also provided.

10*3 Landscaping

Landscaping was done by planting different grasses,shrubs, trees, etc. in 11,000 m2 area of Anushakinagar.Rejuvenation of gardens admeasuring a.xmt 5,000 m2 inTrombay was carried out Landscaping in 27,000 r r ' area wasdone by planting trees, shrubs and lawn grass at BARC Siteand Housing Colony at Tarapur.

About 2,00,000 saplings of various tree species wereplanted and 200 kg. seeds of different tree types were sown insitu on Trombay Hills for afforestation.

Landscape plans for various units of DAE were prepared.Maintenance of gardens, arbors, orchards, afforestation

etc. in Trombay, Anushaktinagar and Mandala Township,around Directorate of Estate Management's buildings in BombayCity, Housing Colony and Plant Site at Tarapur was carried out

The cosmetic maintenance in the campus includingincineration of garbage and pest control operations in T.ambay,BARC Hospital Complex, Training School Hostel, RadiationMedicine Centre, Directorate of Purchase and Stores Office,etc. were also carried out

10-4 Contributory Health Service Scheme (CHSS)

The scheme at present covers 64,400 beneficiaries.BARC Hospital and peripheral dispensaries continued toextend therapeutic and diagnostic facilities to the beneficiariesand 3,97,893 patients have been treated in these dispensaries.The bed strength in the BARC Hospital is 169, excluding a totalof 23 beds in special areas like Labour Room, Casualty,Pre-and Post-operative rooms.

BARC AWK1AL REPORT-1987 94

The attendance in the BARC Hospital is given below:

1. OPD Attendance2. Admissions3. Discharges4. Maternity care (Deliveries)

5. Psychiatry follow-ups6. Pathological investigations7. Radiological investigations8. Dental Care

Operations:(Major & Minor)1. Surgical (including ENT & Opth.) :2. Gynaec :

55,6165,5635,553

5544,605

1,30,16813,72122,948

1,7261,273

Under family welfare programme. 209 Medical Termination ofPregnancy (MTP) cases and 288 permanent sterilizations wereearned out The addition of infants to the Scheme was arround780 and annual birth rate was 12-11 per thousand. The SocialService Section continued to render assistance to the bene-ficiaries and 11,677 patients were given counselling during thisperiod. The Trombay Dispensary continued its OccupafonalHealth Activities and the Accident Prevention Programme incollaboration with the Industrial Hygiene Section of the HealthPhysics Division. Prophylactic immunisation, periodical medicalexaminations of 1402 employees and initial medical exa-mination of 1030 employees have been earned out

10*5 Radiation Medicine Service

A total of 7311 thyroid function tests (serum T3, T4, TSHestimations, T3 uptake ratio) were performed. About 800serum samples were analysed for thyroglobulin, a usefulltumour marker. The levels of protein bound radioiodine weredetermined from the serum of 300 patients of thyroid carcinomafollowing the administration of 3-5 mCi of radioiodine. Thecirculating levels of antithyroglobulin and anti-microsomalantibodies were also estimated in 500 patients of thyroiddisorders.

A number of batches of sterile, apyeogenic and lyophilizedkits of Sn(II) ligands (viz. phytate, MDP, DTPA, glucoheptonate,DIPIDA besides constituents of S colloid) worth over Rs. 2lakhs were manufactured using entirely in-house developedtechnology. These kits were for captive use in the preparationof "Tc-radiopharmaceuticals. These were intravenously ad-ministered into 4690 patients referred to the Centre for scinti-imaging the liver and spleen, hepatobiliary system, brain, bone,kidney, heart, blood-pool and thyroid. In addition, 1980 thyroiduptake and scans and 1280 profile, large-dose and posttherapy scans were also performed.

Approximately 3000 new patients were referred to thethyroid clinic for investigation and treatment Over 7000 oldpatients attended the clinic for follow up.

During the year 116 and 184 patients have been treatedwith radioiodine for hyperihyroidism and thyroid cancer respec-tively.

10-6 Technology Transfer

During the year, following technologies developed inBARC were transferred to different parties for commercialexploitation :

(1) Boron Carbide from Metallurgy Division to BoronCarbide (India) Pvt Ltd., Bombay, (2) Infra Red CO Monitor,(3) CO Monitor (Catalytic), (4) NO Monitor, (5) SO2 Monitor,(6) Ozone Generator, (7) NO, and NH3 to NO converter,(8) Ozone Monitor, (9) Air Quality Data Processor (above 8technologies from Health & Safety Group to Rajasthan Elec-tronics and Instruments Ltd., Jaipur)(10) Electromechanical Actuator from Engineering Services

Group to Project and Equipment DevelopmentCorporation, Mohali,

(11) Reverse Osmosis Plants (Plate Module) from DesalinationDivision to Alweyn Pumps & Systems Pvt Ltd., Bombay,

(12) Gamma switch from Electronics Division to Roifa Techno-logies Pvt Ltd., Hyderabad,

(13) Electromechanical Actuator from Engineering ServicesGroup to Semitronik Industries, Ahmedabad,

(14) Reverse Osmosis (Plate Module) Plant from DesalinationDivision to Rashtriya Chemical & Fertilizers Ltd., Bombayand

(15) Zirconium Oxide/Oxychloride from Chemical EngineeringDivision to ZIRCHEM Industries (Bombay) Pvt Ltd.,Bombay.In transferring the above technologies, BARC has earned

a revenue of Rs. 11-60 lakhs during this year. Another 26technologies are ready for technology transfer. A-total of 91technologies are presently being processed.

M/s. Water Chem, Hyderabad, have started production ofbilirubin strips with BARC know-how and it is reported thatthese strips have been found satisfactory by pathologicallaboratories.

1C'7 Human Resources Development

All the 191 trainees (121 orientation and 70 in-plant)who constituted 30th Course successfully completed thetraining course and were absorbed in various units of DAE.The 31st training course comprises of 219 trainees (144


orientation and 75 in-plant) and it will be completed by July1988. Computing facilities for trainees were strengthened byadding PCs. Efforts are under way to enhance the facility tomulti-user in- house system.

Practical training and project work were arranged formore than 200 engineering undergraduates sponsored byIITs/RECs/BITS/Engineering Colleges from all over the country,as part of their degree course. In addition, projects werearranged for National Talent Search Scholars from NCERT.

Advisory services were rendered to DRDO, IAMR, NCTVT,CEL, etc. for launching their in-house training programmes.

Active assistance was continued to be rendered to Bombay,Poona and SNDT universities in their post-graduate and pre-doctoral courses and projects.

The total strength of Bhabha Atomic Research Centre andits Units, including Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Calcutta,is about 15,000, comprising of 3900 scientists, 6900 techni-cians, 1300 administrators and 3000 general maintenanceand auxiliary staff.

During the year, about 115 scientists were deputedabroad for participation in international conferences, symposia,meetings etc., and for specific Government work. During thisperiod 32 scientists were deputed abroad for scientific visit/training/study tour under the aided schemes and 13 scientistswere deputed under bilateral agreements. The services of 7scientists were placed at the disposal of IAEA on foreignservice terms for assignment as experts. 20 scientists weregranted EOL for post-doctoral work abroad. Cinder thecollaboration scheme between BARC, and UTs and HSc,Bangalore, for training of scientists and engineers of BARC inspecialised post-graduate courses, 46 scientists and engineershave completed their training so far and 7 are undergoing thecourse under this scheme.

At least 30 Indian Universities have recognised BARC as aCentre for post-graduate studies in various disciplines. 128scientists in this Centre have so far been accorded the status ofuniversity teachers by various universities. During the year 15scientists have qualified for the award of Ph.D degrees and 7scientists for M.Sc. degrees.

Under the collaboration scheme between BARC and theUniversity of Bombay, 35 students of the Bombay Universityare presently doing research work leading to Ph.D degree. Sofar 40 students have qualified for the award of Ph.D degreeunder the scheme.

Under the Faculty Improvement Programme of theUniversity Grants Commission, 3 lecturers are continuing theirresearch in this Research Centre.

This Research Centre continued to provide training facilities

to foreign nationals from Vietnam, Sri Lanka, Ghana, Brazil,Indonesia, Malaysia, FRG, Cuba, Iraq, Bangladesh and Hungaryunder thf IAEA Technical Assistance Programme and variouscollaboration agreements.

The total number of 2515 visitors to BARC includedHeads of States, Ministers, Parliamentarians, Indian and ForeignDiplomats, High Government officials, Visiting Professors,Foreign Scientists, Defence Personnel, and Staff of Scientificand Technical Institutions.

Thirty scheduled caste and 6 scheduled tribe candidateswere recruited to various posts.

The Benevolent Fund was set up in 1963 to give aid to tfieemployees in times of prolonged sickness, premature retire-ment due to sickness, prolonged leave without pay, death etcThe financial assistance is also extended towards purchase ofhearing aids, nutritious diet to T.B. patients, purchase of textbooks, tution fees and travelling expenses for the handicappedschool going children of the members of the Fund. The mainfinancial sources of the Fund is donation, life membership,subscription from members and grant-in-aid from GovernmentThe total membership of the Fund at present is around 3,400.An amount Rs. 37,395/- was disbursed to needy employees.

Transportation of around 12,000 employees to their workplaces and back from 19 rallying points for round-the-clockshifts and for three general shifts was done with the aid of 350vehicles. The transport staff were sent for training in TransportManagement periodically to keep them well conversant withmodern methods of transport operation and to update theirknowledge and skill.

The yearly estimated expenditure for the year towardspayment of various subsidies to the Co-operative Canteens andtiffin rooms worked out to Rs. 30,00,000/- besides Rs. 5,00,000/-for maintenance and repairs involved in these canteens.

Around 16,000 dak articles per day are handled fordelivery to their destinations. About 2000 domestic travelticket-bookings, billing, cancellation, etc. were carried outduring the year.

A three week IAEA-RCA Workshop on Operation &Maintenance of Research Reactors was organised and conductedin Trombay in collaboration with International Atomic EnergyAgency under the aegis of Regional Cooperative Agreeement(RCA) for the benefit of RCA countries. A total of 21 parti-cipants, 9 from Bangladesh, China, Indonesia, Republic ofKorea, Malaysia, Pakistan, Phillipines, Thailand and Vietnamand 12 from India participated in the Workshop.

The qualification incentive scheme for health physicists isbeing implemented. A number of lecture courses for emer-gency preparedness programme for public authorities were


organised at Trombay, IRE, Alwaye, RAPS and TAPS. A 2-week course on Accident Prevention and Promotion of Occu-pational Health and Safety was organised for supervisors ofdifferent divisions in the Centre and other constituent DAEunits.

One scientist participated in WHO- Task Group fordrawing guideline values for Derived Intervention Levels in foodduring major nuclear accidents. Another scientist participatedas a consultant in a IAEA meet for revision of IAEA SafetySeries 57 on Generic Models for calculating exposures toPublic from routine releases. Upon completing thisassignment he also visited the Central Laboratory for RadiationProjection, Warsaw, Poland and under the Indo-Polish BilateralProgramme and presented lectures and had consultation onhealth physics.

The 25th One-year course in Hospital and RadiologicalPhysics was completed. 20 short term courses .in radiationsafety for the users of radiation sources in radiography,nucleonic gauges, nuclear logging and research were conduc-ted.

Engineers from M/s Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd. arebeing trained in the design, fabrication and testing aspects ofMHD generators and plasma diagnostic equipment

One trainee from Iraq was trained in glass working andjoining techniques for 6 weeks under the Indo-lraqui Co-operation Agreement in the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy.

Following an intensive course of teaching, training and onthe job apprenticeship programme imparted at the R.M.C., 15

trainees comprising of 7 medical and 8 non-medical graduates/post-graduates were awarded diplomas (DRM, DMRIT) of theUniversity of Bombay. Presently 7 medical and 8 sciencegraduates/post-graduates are undergoing the respective diplomacourses. To-date a total of 78 medical and 67 non-medicalpersonnel have directly benefited from these programmes andhave helped to develop the clinical discipline of nuclearmedicine in various parts of the country.

IAEA sponsored workshop on the use of BARC fabricateddry aerosol generator for inhalation and imaging and useful fordiagnosing respiratory disorders (especially COPD) was held-inNovember 1987. Nine participants from different South-EastAsian countries took part in these deliberations.

A training course on Quality Control & Compatibility ofMaterials was organised under the (JNDP/IAEA/RCA industrialproject This course was attended by participants from 8countries from Asia and the Far East A scientist from ISOMEDwas deputed to Thailand for assisting in the organisation of atraining course on microbiological aspects of radiation steri-lisation organised at Bangkok under the GNDP/IAEA/RCAproject

Five training courses in industrial radiography technique andsafety aspects were conducted, and over 16C participants fromvarious industries were trained. In addition, one regionalcertification course and 2 national courses in NDT wereconducted under the Phase-II of the CJNDP/1AEA/RCA indus-trial project A total of 42 participants attended these courses.

BWC, ANNUAL REPORT-1967 97

Publications

Gogate, D.N., Subramanian, T.A. and Navalkar, M.P."Instrumentation for Education", National Symposiumon Instrumentation, Hyderabad (Invited Talk)

Balakrishnan, M.R. "IMS : A Computer Based Inter-national Nuclear Information System", InformationServices & Use (North Holland), 6(1986), 51-73

Balakrishnan, M.R. and Salvi, G.N. "Book NumberSystem in BARC Library", IASLIC Bulletin, 32(1), (1987)

Balakrishnan, M.R. "Preparation of Computerised Data

Base of Current Periodicals and Development ofComputer Programs for Processing the Data Base",NISSAT Newsletter, 6(4), 3, 1987

Balakrishnan, M.R. "Changes in the Medium of Storageof Knowledge and Their Applications in Library Educa-tion Requirements", XVI, IASLAC Conf., Tirupati, Dec.1987

Balakrishnan, M.R. "International Nuclear InformationSystem", NISSAT Newsletter, 6(1), (1987)


LIFE SCIENCES

11*1 Molecular Biology

Methodologies for making specific gene transfers to(tobacco) plants have been standardized using an Agro-bacterium- based system. Using this vector system, Kan'(Kanamycin resistance) gene and m/HD DNA sequences havebeen transferred to tobacco. Leaf discs of tobacco exposed tobacteria tailored to carry the above DNA were geneticallytransformed. Plants grown from these leaf discs transmittedthe Kanr marker heritably to progeny. A gene for insectresistance has been partly cloned in E. coli which will also betransferred to tobacco.

Evidence has been obtained that deamplification of tan-dem repeats of Transposon 9,Tn9 is accomplished by excisionas circles of this DNA. Circular DNA molecules were recoveredand confirmed to be those of Tn9 DNA by electron microscopyand Southern hybridization.

DNA of small plasmid isolated from Rhizobium melilotiwas used as a probe to see if sequences corresponding to it arepresent in the larger plasmids. Some of the larger plasmidsboth in the same strain or in other strains gave positive signalswhen small plasmid probes were hybridized to them. Theseobservations suggest an internal origin for the small plasmid.

Recgene expression is required for efficient extrachromo-somal fixation of chimeric plasmid DNA in Haemophilusinfluenzae. Possibility was considered that recombination perse is required. A competent mutant strain N19 which yieldsdifferential transformation for two linked markers, which other-wise give equal transformation from normal strains, wasexposed to DNAs from different gene clones, had theirextrachromosomal fixation depressed in strain N19, suggestingthat it carries a small aberration in the vicinity of nou gene andthat recombination per se is required.

The nitrogen fixation genes (nifli, D,H)were found to bedifferently organised in the heterocystous (Anabaena) andnon-heterocystous (Plectonema) cyanobacteria. Anabaenadisplayed a discontinuous arrangement with an 11 kb DNAsequence separating nifff from m/DH. In contrast, in Plecto-nema n<7K,D,H were clustered. Unlike Anabaena, Plectonemadid not rearrange the nif cluster during nitrogen fixation.

A genomic library of Plectonema was constructed. Aclone of it functionally complemented a glnA mutation in £colt. A nif H mutation in Klebsiella pneumoniae could not,however, be complemented indicating differences in ru/'trans-criptional elements in the two organisms. Three plasmids (sizes1-5, 14 and 42 kb) were observed in Plectonema. Severalmultimers of 1-5 kb plasmid were found and resolved into asingle monomer upon Clai digestion.

A low molecular weight UV-positive compound has been

isolated from cowpea root exudate that enhances nodulationresponse of cowpea specific rhizobia only.

Curtailment of Na+ influx has been identified as a majormechanism of salt tolerance in nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria.

Bacillus thurienginsis subsp. Kurstaki var. HDI showeddifferences in plasmid profiles and in the location of theplasmid-borne crystal protein gene(s) depending on thenutritional status of the growth medium.

Indomethacin, a common anti-inflammatory drug, hasbeen found to improve considerably the cure rate of tumourswhen treated with single or fractionated doses of gamma-raysor hyperthermia. The presence of drug in animals during thesetreatments was essential.

The lethal effects of radiations in £. coli B/r cells decreasedon increasing the temperature of irradiation upto 46°C wherecells exhibited a phase change. Increasing the temperature to48 or 50°C caused radiosensitisation of cells. It is thus ir>ferredthat hyperthermic radiosensitisation is achieved only attemperatures beyond the cellular phase-transition point

A pulsed field gel electrophoresis apparatus has beenconstructed and has been used for isolating DNA fragmentslarger than 50 kb. The technique consists of two inhomo-geneous electric fields applied at right angles to each otherwhich are alternately switched on with a time interval of 5-100sec. The conditions have been standardised to separate largerlinear DNA molecules (phage T4 DNA with a molecular weightof about 130 x 106) and megapiasmids of rhizobia.

Fusion of erythrocyte membranes has been achieved byexposure of red blood cells to high intensity electrical pulsesfollowed by centrifugation.

Studies on limited proteolysis of ribulose bisphosphate(RuBP) carboxylase by trypsin were continued. Using a transi-tion state analogue, carboxy arabinitol bisphosphate, it wasconcluded that the trypsin-modified enzyme can bind bothsubstrate and activator CO2 and RuBP with the same stoi-chiometry as that of the untreated enzyme. Thus the inactivationmust be due to a block in the catalytic process at the step(s)beyond the substrate binding step.

The experimental results strongly suggest that RuBPcarboxyiase has essential tyrosyi residues at or near the activesite which may also be necessary for maintaining the structuralintegrity of the enzyme molecule.

Observational support has been obtained for the hypo-thesis that in Anacystis nidulans photosystem II (PSII) consti-tutes a second target for UV-inactivation.

Thermoluminescence studies show period-four oscilla-tions in all glow peaks including V appearing at + 48° C inphotosynthetic membranes. Oscillaltry behaviour of peaks with


maxima on flashes 2 and 6 establishes a relationship with thecharge accumulation process in photosynthesis.

Computerised genetic sequence data bank, Gen Bank,has been stored in Norsk data computer. The data is dividedinto 13 groups based on the genes of the source organism.Brief descriptions of all the DNA sequences are in 13 shortdirectory files. The user can scan the short directory files andLocus name of the sequence of interest is obtained from i t TheDMA sequence and related information is retrieved by giving acommand and typing the Locus name and group name.Theoretical analysis of the sequence following retrieval can becarried out by computer for translation into amino acidsequence, prediction of molecular weight of the peptidesproduced,, codon usage frequencies, restriction enzyme recog-nition sites, search for any string with certain homology, directand inverted repeats etc.

A mutant (defective in utilization of several carbohydrates)allele has been cloned in a multicopy mini-Mu plasmid. Theclone has all the properties of the original mutant In addition ithas lost the capacity to grow on glucose.

The differences in growth of wheat leaf serial section weredue to differential cell division and expansion. These sectionsshowed age-dependent sequential response to napthylaceticacid in terms of extension growth and protein synthesis.

Experiments on delayed hypersensitivity response in CBAmice suggested that the damage to antigen presenting cellsmight contribute to radiation induced suppression of DH.

Gamma irradiation of one month old mice at 300 radpreceded by prenatal exposure to cyclophosphamide, a cyto-toxic drug and known mutagen markedly suppressed allo-skingraft rejection without inducing any significant alteration of theimmuno-suppression.

A pronounced prolongation of DBA skin graft survival onAKR mice was obtained when an anti-lymphocyte serum(ALS-I-GR) was given 4 days after transplantation followed bydonor-specific bone marrow cells 2 days later.

A significant reduction in natural cell-killer activity due to20% ethanol ingestion in drinking water was observed in 8thand 18th generation mice in a multigeneration study. However,allograft rejection DTH and humoral response to sheeperythrocytes remained unimpaired.

Studies on immunotherapy using alloantigen stimulated(AAS) and tumour stimulated (TS) syngenic lymphocytesrevealed that 3 injections on day, 3,5, and 7 of 20 * 10s cellseach, of the former (AAS) were reqr'.ed to cure the tumour,while only a single injection of the latter (TS) cells given as lateas on day 7 after tumour transplantation could cure 1002! ofthe animals.

Bleomycin, a known anti-cancer agent, stabilised thecells against hypotonic shock ar d also brought about significantinhibition of membrane-bouna enzyme acetyl choline esterase.

Severe Vitamin A deficiency is known to cause sterility inmice. Row cytometric analysis of spermatogenic cells basedon their DNA profiles showed characteristic peaks representingsub-haploid, haploid, diploid and tetraploid cells. The DNAdistribution pattern of severely Vitamin A deficient rats showedcomplete absence of haploid cells indicating profound impair-ment of spermatogenesis.

A peripheral micronucleus assay based on micro-nucleated, erythrocytes was validated as a simple measure ofchrmosomal damage in mice. Kinetics of the migration ofmicronucleated erythrocytes mice from bone-marrow to per-pheral blood in gamma irradiated showed a quantitativerelationship. Further studies in animals exposed repeatedly tolow-dose gamma radiation demonstrated accumulation ofmicronucleated cells in peripheral blood and these cellspersisted for several weeks after the withdrawal of radiation.Unlike the bone marrow cells, the peripheral erythrocyte assaycan be used for serial observations and for detection ofaccumulated chromosomal damage.

Post-meiotic exposure of mouse spermatogenic cells tomethyl methanesulfonate results in a high incidence of domi-nant lethals in the progeny. Breeding tests showed induction oftransmissible effects (damage) manifesting as post-implanta-tion lethals in the F2 and F3 generations. The incidence ofinduced lethals, however, gradually declined in the successivegenerations and was comparable to spontaneous level in the4th generation. These results, for the first time, demonstrategenetic risk associated with post-meiotic exposure.

Human variability to alocohol-induced biological responsehas been recognized. Five different strains of mice wereinvestigated for ethanol metabolizing enzyme alcohol de-hydrogenase (ADH) as a model system. There were markedstrain and sex differences in ADH activity. The studies, further,revealed that both strain and sex differences in mice aregenotype dependent and not a generalized phenomenon.

Modulatory effects of cobalt chloride on methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) induced chromosomal damage were investi-gated in somatic and germinal cells in mouse. These studiesrevealed reduction of MMS induced bone marrow micronucleiand dominant lethal mutations in mice pretreated with cobaltchloride.

Cytogenetic monitoring of the new bom infants wascontinued for the incidence of numerical and structuralchromosomal aberrations. Over 300 cord blood samples have


been scored for different anomalies to generate base line data.The biological dosimetry studies using whole blood cultures

were continued. The PHA stimulated dividing peripheral lympho-cytes in vitro, arrested at metaphase were scored for chromo-somal changes particularly dicentrics and fragments in bloodsamples drawn from accidentally exposed individuals or thosesuspected for radiation overexposure.

11-2 Biochemistry

Research programmes on structure-function relationshipsof macromolecules involved in genetic information transfer,biochemical basis of regulatory processes, mechanisms ofinjury following exposures to low does of radiation/chemicalsand recovery mechanisms, metabolic basis of diseased statesand drug actions and applied biochemistry were continued.Among the diverse techniques used in these studies were genecloning, DMA-sequencing, immunological techniques andadvanced physical techniques.

Important components of mitochondrial DNA replicatingapparatus (including DNA polymerase and primase) inSaccharomyces cerevisiae have been purified and immuno-logically characterised. The entire mitochondrial DNA repli-cating apparatus was shown to be synthesised de nouo duringtransition from anaerobic to aerobic growth. In addition to thewell-known extracellular thermonuclease, at least two intra-cellular nucleases were identified in Staphylococcus aureus.They have considerable similarity with respect to requirementsof calcium ions and DNA or RNA as substrates and electro-phoretic mobility but differ in immunological cross-reactivity.Unlike in Escherichia coli, alpha-galactosidase induced bymelibiose in Cotynebacterium murisepticum is the same asthat induced by raffinose, as evidenced from structural studies.The DNA replicating machinery in rat liver was found to beconfined to nuclear matrix. Wholebody irradiation at near lethaldose of 10 Gy inhibits DNA synthesis in regenerating rat liverand depletes nuclear matrix of alpha DNA polymerase. How-ever, in uitro irradiation has no effect on the nuclear matrixDNA polymerising activity.

Molecular weight analysis of class I aidolase and glyceral-dehyde 3-phosphate hydrogenase from Halobacteria (whichrequire high salt concentration for growth) indicates thatenzymes differ in many respects from their counterparts innon-halophilic bacteria. Deacetylation of N-alpha-acetylatedproteins was found to proceed with the step-wise actions of theenzymes, protease(s), acyl amino acid releasing enzyme andamino acylase.

Deficiency of thyroid hormones brings about alterations insize, number and population of cells in the rat embryonic brain.

For the first time, rat and mouse brain mitochondria have beenisolated that exhibit highest respiration rates reported so far. Aprotein associated with differentiation of stromai cells in theuterus during pregnancy has been identified and purified.Development of liver and kidney during pregnancy in the rat isassociated with the decrease in membrane lipid peroxidation inthese organs. Imipramine, an antidepressant drug, was foundto stimulate brain mitochondrial functions in vivo. The inhibitionof energy metabolism in cardiac mitochondria seems to berelated to the negative inotropic action of propranolol-a betablocker. Depleted levels of catecholamines as a result ofreserpine administration to rats leads to impairment of mito-chondrial functions in brain.

The palliative effect of cod liver oil on hypertensivepatients is associated with increased plasma lipase activity. Amembrane strip entrapping banana oxalate oxidase has beendeveloped which can be used for clinical diagnosis of kidneystone disease.

Feeding of nicotinamide increased the survival rates ofrats fed simultaneously the carcinogen diethylnitrosamine(DEN) and inhibited the DEN-induced activity of glutathioneS-transferases and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (markerenzymes). Studies on modulation of carcinucjenesis as measuredby modification of DNA-adduct formation and bacterial mutationof carcinogens have revealed that vitamin A and copper aretwo dietary constituents with great promise as anticarcinogens.Several heat-inactivated bacterial cultures were found to haveantitumour activity against fibrosarcoma in mice. Studies on theeffect of gamma irradiation on mate germ cells of miceshowed induction of congenital malformations in prenataloffspring and mortality of the offspring was more severe inearly spermatids.

11 -3 Bio-Organic Chemistry

Investigations concerning isolation of bioactive compoundsfrom plant sources and propagation of economic as well ascrop plants through tissue and cell cultures were intensified.Eight medicinal plants were worked up and from these sevenlignans, twelve alkaloids, eight coumarins and four alkamidesof different skeletons have been isolated using new separationmethods like flash column chromatography and vacuum layerchromatography along with the conventional procedures.Their structural elucidation was carried out using chemical andphysical methods including 2D NMR. Structure activity relation-ship studies of lignans with respect to their synergistic activityrevealed that methylenedioxy group and lactone ring wereresponsible for such activity.

Biodistribution and pharmacokinetic studies of "C Tylo-


phora alkaloids prepared by biosynthetic method were carried acetyl group enhances the insect toxicity.out in mice. The results further confirmed the safety of these Plumbagin, a naphthaquinone available from the commonalkaloids for clinical use.

Studies on the application of plant tissue culture methodsin crop improvement programmes were continued. A largenumber of plants were obtained from shoot tip cultures of anoil yielding crop Sesamum indicum. The plants were grown tomaturity in the field. Tissue cultures established from an elite20 year old disease-resistant tree of Santalum album producednumerous somatic embryos. Methods were standardised toencapsulate individual somatic embryos with sodium alginate.The encapsulated embryos germinated to yield plants indicatingtheir utility as synthetic seeds. Under the technology transferprogramme, 300 mulberry plants developed through tissuecultures were supplied to Khadi and Village Industries Board,Maharashtra, for yield trials in Pune.

Cell cultures from Perwinkle have been successfully

Indian medicinal plant, Plumbago zeylanica exhibits a varietyof biological effects on insects. When tesled on red cotton bugsit interferes with moulting hormone secretion causing disruptionof normal metamorphosis. Growth of insects is also effected byplumbagin treatment. Experiments carried out on mosquitoshow that plumbagin has insecticidal action. It also showedfumigation action.

Researches in the above areas are complemented bysynthetic work which aims at devising practical synthesisfollowing bio-rational approach. Mew synthetic routes involvingregiospecific reactions have been developed and used in thesynthesis of variety of compounds containing more than oneheterocyclic rings. Naturally occurring compounds such asencecalin, eupatoriochromene, dihydrostyryl and styrylchro-mones were synthesised. Several precocenoids, including a

grown in 20 litre capacity bioreactors for the production of new class of compounds (pyranobenzisoxazoles) containing

bioactive compounds. To reduce process costs, tap water andmarket sugar were used in media preparation instead of highgrade sucrose and distilled water. Cell cultures synthesisedajmalicine as a single major component.

Because of the drawbacks of conventional insecticides, ithas become necessary to look for less hazardous and environ-mentally acceptable pest control measures. Naturally occurringcompounds such as coumarins, furo-coumarins and chro-mones, pyranocoumarins and alkaloids were tested for theirfeeding inhibition properties for possible use as antifeedants inthe integrated pest management programmes. An alkaloidisolated from the plant, Pergutaria patlida, was found to haveantifeedant activity comparable with the well known antifeedantagent, azadirachtin, isolated from the neem seeds. Amongstoxygen heterocycles, xanthotoxin, isolated from a commontree of Western ghats Atlantia racemosa and khellin, isolatedfrom a garden plant (Pimpenella sp) were found to havesignificant antifeedant and insecticidal activities. Pyranobenzis-oxazoles, a new class of precocenoids, were synthesised andtwo of the synthetic compounds showed insect antifeedantactivity.

A new area of research on effects of photo-activecompounds on insects has been initiated. Some of the naturalproducts on photoactivation provide protection to the plants bytheir toxicity or by feeding inhibition. Effects of several photo-active natural products were tested on tobacco caterpillars.Skin depigmentation was observed when the larvae weretreated with ot-terthienyl methanol, followed by CIV light exposure.Effects of substituents on the bioactivities of acetophenoneshave been studied. Introduction of alkoxysubstituents ortho to

fused oxygen and nitrogen heterocycles, have been preparedfor evaluation of their bioactivities.

Synthesis of insect sex pheromones has been continued.Prominent among these are thr pheromones of bollworms(Heliothis sp and Erias sp) which are serious pests of cottonand other agricultural crops. Synthetic phercmones are beingtested in the field at International Crops Reseaich Institute forSemi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad. A more efficientsynthesis of potato tuber moth has also been developed toobtain material for field trials.

Plant growth regulators (PGR) are finding increasing usein agriculture. A practical alternate synthesis of n-triacontanoland its analogs from accessible starting materials and in-expensive reagents has been accomplished.

N-Nitrosation reaction of amines with nitrites plays a veryimportant role in aetiology of human cancers, as it results inthe formation of carcinogenic nitrosamines. The same hasbeen found to be effected by certain aldehydes and sulphydrylcompounds presented in food stuffs. While certain aldehydeslike vanilin, anisaldehyde, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde catalyse thenitrosation reaction, the sulphydryl compounds present inonion juice and garlic juice inhibit such reaction.

11-4 Nuclear Agriculture

Over 3000 quintals certified and truthful seed of cropvarieties developed at BARC were distributed by MaharashtraState Seed Corporation (MSSC) and Punjabrao Krishi Vidyapeeth(PKV) to cover an area of over 20,000 ha. Area under certifiedseed production of the BARC varieties was increased by theMaharashtra State Department of Agriculture. MSSC produced


certified seed of pigeonpea, mungbean and blackgram varietieswhile foundation seed of these varieties was produced by PKV.Foundation seed of jute (TJ-40) was produced by OrissaState Government. Released pulse and groundnut varietiesperformed well in Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadualso.

Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India, notifiedTG-3 variety of groundnut which was earlier extensively testedand found suitable for cultivation in the states of Orissa,Madhya Pradesh and Kerala. Pigeonpea variety TT-5 andgroundnut variety TG-9 were recommended for pre-releaseseed multiplication by the respective Directorates of Pulses andOilseeds of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (1CAR).Seed of pigeonpea (TT-5), rice (TR-17 and TR-21), ground-nut (TG-9) and mustard (TM-4) was produced for minikittrials to be conducted in cultivators' fields.

Eleven new strains of cereals, pulses, oilseeds and jutewere evaluated in coordinated verietal trials and 34 in the initialevaluation trials under the coordinated programmes of theICAR.

In pulse improvement programme, the emphasis wasshifted to develop disease-resistant strains. Towards this goal,a simple, reliable method for assessing powdery mildewreaction on excised mungbean leaves was developed and usedfor screening. A highly resistant source against powdery mildewdisease was identified. Genetic polymorphism for arachin, themajor seed protein of groundnut,was attributed to differencesin molecular size, net charge and polypeptide composition.Four genes coding for arachin were identified. The putativeprotein undergoes co- and post-translational modification toyield the final subunit of approximately 60 kilodalton molecularweight.

As a result of earlier findings at BARC, Indian rockphosphates are now extensively used as a cheap source ofphosphorus in acidic soils. Efficiency of rock phosphates couldbe further improved by the addition of organic manures. Fieldtrials to evaluate ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as a sourceof phosphorus for summer mungbean conducted by theDirectorate of Pulses Research indicated the superiority of APPand diammonium phosphate (DAP) over single superphosphate(SSP). At one location APP was significantly superior to DAPand SSP.

A rice-fish microecosystem simulating the common practiceof fish culture in rice paddies was set up to evaluate the fate ofpesticides used in rice culture under tropical conditions.Studies on the distribution of herbicide 14C nitrofen in water,rice plants, fish and snail upto the harvest period of rice showedthat this herbicide is not bioconcentrated and also getsdegraded.

11-5 Pest Control

Gamma-irradiation of potato tuberworm male moths witha dose of 15 kGy induced 49% sterility in them and their F,male progeny were completely sterile. Failure of spotledbollworm of cotton to feed on fruits of Hibiscus sabdariffa, amalvaceous plant, could be attributed to the presence ofantifeedant compounds present in the calyx of the fruit Ahighly pathogenic isolate of Bacillus sphericus has beenobtained from a cadavor of culex mosquito larva. It sporulatesin the nutrient broth medium only after addition of 0-3%molasses or Ca, Mg & Mn ions. A formulation of B. sphericusfor the control of culex mosquito larvae has been developedwhich permits release of spores at effective dose levels over aperiod of 45 days. Process parameters have been evolved forrapid mass-multiplication of Bacittus thuringiensis var. Kenyae,a microbial pathogen of lepidopterous agricultural insectpests, in a rotating drum type fermentor.

11-6 Food Technology

Government of India has accorded clearance for (i) de-contamination of spices by gamma irradiation at 10 kGy, and(ii) radicidation (4 kGy) of frozen shrimp to eliminate pathogensfor export purposes. Development of radiation technology forfood preservation in terms of designing of proper irradiator forvarious products to be treated by gamma rays is in progress.

Gamma irradiation at dosages of 60-70 krad prevents thedevelopment of larvae and pupae of the seed weavil into adultsin infested Totapuri mangoes. However, for the radiationtreatment to be effective it is necessary to harvest mango fruitsat a slightly immature stage when the weevil is in the larvae andpupae stages. Irradiation at this stage interfere with meta-morphosis of the insect into an adult. Alphonso mango pulpprocessed by heat and acidification method and packed instandipack pouches showed good organoleptic quality attri-butes for six months at room temperature although develop-ment of a brown discoloration was found to affect the colourquality of the pulp. A mango drink prepared from this pulp byaddition of water and sugar was however comparable in qualityto any commercial product. Pectolytic enzymes isolated fromculture filtrates of A niger were used to prepare guava juicehaving 15% Brix (total soluble solids) and 0-4% totaf acidity.The product was acceptable and flavour profile of this productwas similar to that of fresh guava pulp as seen by head spacegas analysis.

Studies on the influence of freezing methods on thetextural characteristics of alphonso mangoes indicated thatfreezing temperature is the most critical factor affecting the cellstructure of mango. Freezing at -20°C or at -40°C results in


considerable disruption of cellular structure, whereas it wasminimal at -196°C

Gamma irradiation at doses of 3 to 6 krad was found to beeffective in preventing oprouting of ginger. However, thestorage potential of fresh ginger was found to be dependent onharvest maturity and storage temperature.

The inability of irradiated potatoes to form the woundperiderm can be used as a method to identify irradiatedpotatoes from the non-irradiated ones. Periderm layer deve-loped at wound site in n o n - irradiated potatoes in 7 days couldbe peeled off easily as an intact tissue segment from the woundsurface whereas in the irradiated potatoes the suberized outercells were bound firmly on the wound surface. Though thismethod requires 6 to 7 days incubation period, it is simple andreliable and can be performed without the use of any specialchemical or equipment. In case of onions and shallots, rootingability can be used as a method for detection of irradiation.Root formation in irradiated (3-12 krad) onions was sparsewhen planted on moist vermiculite. In non-irradiated onionsthe rooting was profuse. Similar results were observed withshallots.

Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), the first enzyme ofthe phenyl propanoid metabolism, was purified from potatotubers to homogeneity. The native enzyme had a molecularweight of 325 KDa and is probably present as a tetramer ofidentical subunits of 83 KDa each. The purified potato PAL wasalso able to catalyse the reverse reaction of forming L-phenylalanine from trans-cinnamate and NH3 though at a muchlower rate than that of the forward reaction.

Studies on the mechanism of spinach Mn2 + oxidase bydetermining the stoichiometric ratio of O2 uptake to SH groupdisappearance suggest that the enzyme is initially reduced bySH compounds followed by Mn3 + formation. A 33KDa proteinwhich catalyzes Mn oxidase activity was identical in physicalcharacteristics to Murata protein. The enzyme activity requiredexogenous addition of thiol compounds. Murata protein isolatedfrom PS II particles also catalyzed the Mn oxidase activity if thiolcompounds are supplemented in the reaction system revealingthat both are same protein isolated by different methods.

The chloroplastic enzyme, ferrooxidase, solubilized andpurified to homogeneity, had a molecular weight of 34 KDaand contained Fe and zinc in the molecule. It could catalysereduction of ferricyanide by H2O2 and evolve O2.

Purified phosphofructokinase from banana was found tocatalyze the phosphorylation of fructose 6 phosphate by ADPinstead of the normal phosphoryl donor ATP. The product ofADP dependent PFK reaction was found to be AMP.

Isolated activation factor of microsomal cinnamic acid

4-hydroxylase was used during the studies on stability of thisenzyme during storage under different conditions. Theseresults suggested that this factor in the presence of 2 - mercap-toethanol stabilised the enzyme during storage. However,deproteinized supernatant was not able to protect the enzymeunder identical conditions.

Gamma-irradiation of legumes at disinfestation doses,reduces the levels of the flatulence-causing oligosaccharideslike raffinose, stachyose and verbescose. A method to analysethese sugars by gas chromatography was standardised.

Surimi, a highly washed, bone-free minced fish muscle towhich various ingredients such as salt, polyphosphate andsugar may have been added was prepared from two fishspecies viz. Bombay duck and doma. Surimi obtained fromboth the species showed good appearance but differed inrespect of gel forming ability. Surimi from Bombay duck didnot form gel but that from doma formed a firm gel.

Presence of various hydrolytic enzymes in the muscle ofseven fish varities viz. doma, seer, mackerel, shark, pomfret,Indian salmon and sardine was examined to relate enzymelevels with spoilage. By setting the limits of specific activities infresh fish a decline in aminopeptidase activity w - ! : 1 indicatethe storage status of doma and sardine. Similarly low cathepsinB activity could be taken as an index to differentiate fresh andstored macherel, shark and pomfret Fresh and stored Indiansalmon could be identified either by decrease in aminopeptidaseor cathepsin B activity.

Analysis of phenolic constituents of green pepper berry bychromatographic and spectroscopic techniques showed,alongwith the known components like ferulic acid, caffeic acid,gentesic acid, etc., the presence of some unreported phenoliccompounds such as 2 - (3 , 4-dehydroxy phenyl) ethanolglucoside. Enzymic blackening of green pepper berries hasbeen found to be associated with the o-diphenol oxidaseactivity towards 2-<3,4-dihydroxy phenyl) ethanol glucosideas well as its aglycone.

Design, fabrication and installation of moving bed onionirradiator was undertaken and a prototype model of thisirradiator was fabricated. A report on safety evaluation of onionirradiator has been prepared and submitted for approval.

Pectolytic enzymes produced by Aspergillus niger isolatefrom stored onions revealed the presence of pectin-lyaseactivity as compared to endohydrolase activity. Cellulolyticactivity was also detected on prolonged incubation mainlydegrading carboxy methyl cellulose.

Synthetic chemical fungicides such as benomyl, captafoland bavistin were effective (even at 10 ppm levels) forcontrolling the growth of A niger.

Qentisic, cinnemic, caffeic and chlorogenic acids, the

BARC, ANNUAL REPORT- 1987 104-

major components of the phenolics extracted from both peeland pulp of different varieties of bananas were found to inhibit

enzyme.The alkaline proteinase from rat kidney lysosomes was

the growth of Gloeosporium, a funga] pathogen isolated from found to be associated with the lysosomal membranes. Nearly60-80% of the alkaline proteinase co-sedimented with themembranes and repeated washing with sucrose or salt solutionsfailed to solubilize alkaline proteinase from the membranesindicating that the enzyme is the integral part of lysosomaimembrane.

Studies on the migration rates of blood monocytes as

banana.

The ozone analyser developed by BARC was adapted inthe determination of low levels of ethylene produced by thepathogenic fungi from banana viz. Colletrotrichum sp.,Fusarium sp., Aspergillus niger and also by an unidentifiedisolate.

A concentration of 1000 ppm of sodium metabisulphite macrophages into the peritoneal cavity of the rats in responsewas found to be effective in controlling aflatoxin biosynthesis to intraperitoneal injection of chemotactic stimulants proteoSeand the moldina of peanuts. peptone (PP), thioglycolate (TG) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

Inoculation of unirradiated and irradiated spices with the indicated that initially 50 to 60% of the elicited cell populationspores of Aspergillus parasiticus, an aflatoxin-producing mold, was composed of lymphocytes in all the three cases. Thereaftershowed that although, all the spices had visible growth of the monozytJS were increased progressively but returned to the resi-mold during storage after inoculation, none of them, except dent baseline values on the sixth day. The response was highestchillies, showed the presence of aflatoxin. to LPS and lowest to TG. At the peak of elicitation the macro-

Essential oil profiles of irradiated (10 kGy) and unirradiated phages constituted 55% of the cells in poritoneal exudate, theprecooled and gound pepper, turmeric, chilli and coriander rest being lymphocytes indicating that elicitation agents induceshowed minimal changes due to irradiation with the exception differential migration of blood monocytes into the peritonealof chillies. However, aroma and pungency characteristics of theirradiated and unirradiated spices including chillies did notshow any noticeable difference.

The presence of a plasmid in B. cereus cells wasconfirmed by electrophoresis and palsmid DNA of 5kb wasisolated using cesium chloride-ethidium bromide equilibriumdensity gradient centrifugation. Cells grown with acridine

cavity.Studies on the effect of protein deficiency on the oxidative

burst and phagocytic function of macrophages showed thatalthough H2O2 production, which is indicative of oxidative burstwas reduced by only about 15% in the elicited macrophages,isolated from 4% protein fed rats, the resident cells from the lowprotein group had very poor oxidative burst capacity (only

orange (100 ng/m\) showing complete loss of the plasmid about 10%) compared to that of the control (20% casein)could produce the haemolytic toxin only but not the non-haemolytic neurotoxin indicating that the haemolytic toxin iscoded by the gene(s) residing in the bacterial chromosomewhereas the gene for the non-haemolytic toxin is present in theplasmid genome.

The detoxification of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) isachieved by hydrolysis with 1% acetic acid which splits lipid Aand polysaccharide components. Lipid A is toxic while thepolysaccharide part is nontoxic. This polysaccharide portion isantigenic to virulent Salmonella typhimurium cells in mice.

Experiments conducted in collaboration with the VeterinaryCollege Bombay, to test the efficacy of the polyvalent vaccine inpoultry, showed that the vaccine worked quite satisfactorily inpoultry also.

Activities of three lysosomal marker enzymes, aryl sul-phatase, acid phosphatase and /?-glucuronidase were found tobe higher in the skin than that in skeletal muscle or gill of thefresh water fish, Heteropneustes fossilis.

Studies on the purification of cathepsin B from T. mos-sambica have indicated the non-glycoprotein nature of the

group. Similarly, elicited macrophages from the 20%-proteingroup engulfed yeast cells linearly till 30 mins whereas proteindeficient elicited macrophages showed a significantly reducedphagocytosing capacity.

The effect of vitamin A deficiency on the structural lipids ofsweet-water fish, H. fossilis was studied in collaboration with Dr.(1 C Goswami of the Gauhati University. Mitochondrial lipids,extracted with a non-polar solvent followed by polar solvents,showed that the non-polar extract contained mostlytriglycerides with only traces of phospholipids, whereas thepolar extract contained significant amounts of phospholipids.Vitamin A deficiency did not affect this general pattern ofdistribution.

The activities of /?-glucuroiiidase, acid phosphatase andarylsulphatase in the tissues of the fish H. fossilis were muchlower than tnose normally observed in corresponding mamma-lian tissues. However, the percentage of the free enzymeactivities was very high. Vitamin A deficiency had no effect oneither the free or the total activity of these enzymes from thefish.


The sensitivity of vitamin A2 isolated from fresh waterfishes Hilsa fossilis and Channa gachua to gamma radiationwas assessed under different experimental conditions. The D l0

values of vitamin ^ alcohol were 100, 150 and 175 krads incyclohexane, hexane and benzene respectively. The alcoholform of the vitamin was nearly 2-5 times more sensitive toradiation than the ester form.

Erythrosine, a widely used colourant in food, pharma-ceutical cosmetic industry, was found to be nonmutagenic tothe Ames/Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 97a, TA 98,TA 100, TA 102 and TA 104. No mutative intermediates weredetected on metabolism by rat caecal cell-free extracts or ratliver S9 factor. Erythrosine was antimutagenic to benzo(a)pyrene, but it did not decrease the mutagenicity of the otheradduct forming mutagen, 4-n i t roquinol ine-N- oxide. Simi-larly it was strongly antimutagenic to the bifunctional alkylatingagent-mitomycin C, though it did not exhibit a similar effecton the mutagenicity of the corresponding monofunctionalagent, methylmethanosulfate. It partially depressed the muta-genic potentials of sodium azide.

A toxic compound, formed from the synthetic azo-groupfood colourant carmoisine, on heating with protein, wasisolated and purified. The compound, apart from being toxic toTetrahymena pyriformis, showed toxicity towards Salmonellatyphimurium, Erwinis, Staphylococcus aureus, Saccharo-myces cerevisiae, Eacherichia coli and Aspergillus niger.

In recent years, turmeric is finding increasing use as afood colourant. Studies on the genotoxicity of curcumin, thecolouring agent from turmeric, showed that the natural colourantis non-mutagenic, either before or after the activation bymammalian liver and caecal microbial enzymes. Similarly alcoholextract of curcumin did not induce cell-loss in the population ofTetrahymena cells and alterations in the growth ability (celldivision) of the treated cells; rates of RNA, DNA and proteinsynthesis; the rates of incorporation of many of the essentialamino acids, integrity of plasma membrane and lysosomes.

The toxic action of quercetin, a flavanoid present invegetables and fruits, towards T. pyriformis cells was found tobe due to a plasma membrane injury resulting in a leakage ofthe cellular proteins into the suspension medium causing celllysis.

Quercetin also exhibited strong mutagenic potentials inAmes/Sa/mone//a assay in dose dependent manner (0 to 70/ig/plate). There was significant increase in mutation frequenciesfollowing its activation with rat liver microsomal enzymes. Livermicrosomal enzymes were found to alter hydroxyl group at 4position in quercetin structure without any action on thehydroxyl groups of the 3, 5 and 7 position and keto group of 4

position.A simple and economical method was developed for the

extraction of invertase from bakers wet yeast cake by sundrying (16h) followed by incubation in water (14h). The yieldobtained was about-5,00,000 1CI of invertase per kg of yeastcake. Initial scale up studies upto 10 kg yeast cells showed thatthe method could be suitable for large scale isolation ofinvertase.

An immobilised invertase preparation stable to bothstorage and temperature of 50% was developed by adsorptiononto anionic waste cotton thread obtained by polyethyleniminetreatment followed by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. Thispreparation could carry out a complete hydrolysis of the 80%sucrose solution in continuous manner in a packed bedreactor hydrolyzing about 350 kg of sugar per month withoutany loss of efficiency.

Yeast cells could be adhered to cotton cloth by coatingeither the cells or cloth or both with polyetnylenimine. Theyeast cell bound cloth was used in a specially designed framereactor for the repeated inversion of sucrose in 16 batches overa period of 3 weeks.

Buffalo milk, desugarated by fermentation with Saccharo-myces fragilis was completely free of sugais thus making itacceptable for lactose intolerants, galactosemics and diabeticpatients. Upid composition and the protein content of thedesugarated milk remained unchanged. The process was,however, found to lead to the formation of various alcohols,ethyl acetate and acetaldehyde giving rise to fruity odour in theproduct Spray drying of the desugarated milk.however,resultedin the depletion of all the volatiles produced during fermentation.

In view of the earlier reported in situ instability ofimmobilized D-amino acid oxidases method has been deve-loped for its simultaneous purificaton and reversible immobi-lizaton on phenyl-Sepharose. The bound enzyme was used forthe continuous conversion of D-amino acid to keto acids witha half life of about 5 days.

Catalase was rendered thermolabile on permeabilizationof yeast cells with organic solvents or by any process ofimmobilization that eventually permeabilised the cells. It wasshown that a stable immobilized catalase preparation could beobtained only if yeast cells are immobilized in an intact or viableform. Any factor which changes the permeability of yeast cellsfor maximal expression of enzyme activity would eventuallydestabilize the enzyme.

Hansanula anomala cells, grown in a synthetic mediumcontaining transcinnamic acid as a precursor, produced anodorous compound which was detected in the headspace gaswithin 4 hr of incubation. This aroma compound, isolated from


the incubated sample by Tenax GC, was identified as styrene.When 4-methoxy cinnamic acid was used as substrate, 4-methoxy styrene was obtained indicating an enzymic de-carboxylation mechanism to be responsible for the typicalflavour generation. Such a direct decarboxylation reaction wasalso observed in the case of other phenolic acids such ascoumaric, caffeic, ferulic and even tyrosins.

Cells of Aeromonas hydrophile immobilized in calciumalginate secreted a protease when held in contact with fishmeat suspended in water. The enzyme synthesis by theentrapped cells were supported by small amount of solublenutrients present in the meat. The observation indicates thefeasibility of employing immobilized microbial cells for solubi-lizing insoluble muscle proteins of trash fish or meat inindustry.

Cloning of plant defence genes was undertaken to under-stand the mechanism of disease resistance in plants. Theidentification of such genes and their manipulation wiil even-tually lead to enhanced phytoimmunity of useful crops. As abeginning, isolation of RNA and DNA from wounded potatotissue was standardized and recombinant DNA technologylaboratory is established.

11-7 Radiation Medicine

The following on going research contracts with the

IAEA/WHO were continued :(1) radioimmunoassay procedure in filarial infections,(2) study on immunodiagnostic techniques in evaluation

of tuberculosis,(3) external quality control for RIA of thyroid hormones.(4) pharmacokinetics of radio-labelled hepatobiliary radio-

pharmaceuticals,(5) quantitative evaluation of nuclear medicine imaging

procedure for the diagnosis of liver diseases, and

(6) quality control survey for gamma cameras in India

with simple methods.

99mTc-tbutylisointrile, a new cardiac perfusion agent, hasbeen developed and successfully evaluated in animals.

Further clinical testing of " T c (V) DMSA in a largergroup of patients of medullay carcinoma of the thyroiddemonstrated that the agent shows positive localization in 84%of the patients studied. Of these, however, only 65% showedlocalization in the metastasis. Despite these limitations theagent is useful for delineating metastatic spread and also forfollow-up studies.

Metabolic studies employing a few experimental animalmodels of human disease states like cirrhosis, hepatitis,

malaria, vitamin D deficiency etc. were carried out and criticalbiochemical parameters investigated. The behaviour of a few"Tc-radiopharmaceuticals in some of these patho-physio-logical conditions was studied and newer insights of themechanism of localization obtained, eg. bone uptake of "9mTc-phytate, a liver agent, in vitamin D deficient rats. The binding ofradiopharmaceuticals to blood components was also investi-gated in animals and in humans.

99mTc-albumin aerosols are being evaluated in smokersand in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease toevaluate mucociliary function.

The kinetics of different hepatobiliary agents in patientswith varying degrees of jaundice is also being investigated.

Considerable experience has been gained by studyingrenal function-renograms, QFR, in patients undergone percuta-neous nephrolithotomy.

Various methods to evaluate the onset and degree ofrejection in patients with renal transplants is being tried out atthe centre.

MCJGA studies are currently being used to evaluatecardiac toxicity caused by certain drugs like adriamycin andalso to assess cardiac function in patients who are to undergosurgical procedures. Alongwith stress tests it helps the progressin patients of myocardial infarction/insufficiency.

RIA assay of TB antigen and antibody in a variety ofclinical disorders like CSF, ascitic, plural fluid and lymphnodetissues is being carried out. In addition two major monoclonalantibodies HG T3a against 38 K D epitope of TB bacilli antigenand HG T6 against 42, 45 K D repeating epitope are beingtested for their diagnostic specificity in clinical disorders. Also,large quantities of antigens are being prepared for separating38 K D TB antigen.

Attempts are being made to produce monoclonal anti-bodies specific to myobacterium leprae cell wall antigen. In asurvey conducted of family contacts of leprosy patients it wasfound that 6% of the populations screened had moderatelyelevated levels of circulating PGL-1 antibodies.

Simple ELIZA (dot-blot) assays are currently beingdeveloped for TB and PGL-antibodies to aid epidermologicalsurveys.

A rapid and reliable in vitro enzyme immunoassay hasbeen developed for the determination of serum thyroglobulinby labelling rabbit antihuman tg anti-bodies with enzyme horseraddish peroxidase.

Monoclonal anti-bodies to human thyroglobulin havebeen developed. Attempts are being made to radiolabel theseanti-bodies for immunoscintigraphy in patients of differentiatedthyroid carcinome. These antibodies are very useful in diagnosis

BARC, ANNUAL REPORT -1967 107

of involvement of thyroid as a primary tumour especially when thyroid mothers has shown that malic enzyme activity isthe biopsy of the metastitic lesion is equivocal. markedly lowered. A'ialic enzyme generates NaDPH required

Studies with developing rat brain of neonates of hypo- for biosynthesis of myelin lipids.


Publications

Allagikar, S.B., Pawar, S.E. and Notani, N.K. "SomaticInstability on Short Arm of Chromosome 9 in Maize",Proceedings of DAE Symposium on Plant-microbeInteractions, University Mabarani's College, Jaipur, 1987

Apte, S.K. "Molecular Genetics of Nitrogen Fixation andSalt Tolerance in Cyanobacteria", INDO-US STI InternalWorkshop in Agriculture, IARI, New Delhi, Sept. 1987

Apte, S.K. and Thomas, J. "Nitrogen Fixation Genes (nif,K, D, H) in the Filamentous, NonheterocystousCyanobacterium Plectonema Boryanum Do NotRearrange", J. Genet. 66, 101(1987)

Apte, S.K., Reddy, ER. and Thomas, J. "RelationshipBetween Sodium influx and Salt Tolerance of Nitrogen-fixing Cyanobacteria", Appl. Env. Microbiol. 53,1934(1987)

Aravindakshan, M., Chauhan, P.S. and Sundaram, K."Dominant Lethal Mutations Based on Scoring of UterineContents at Mid-term and Terminal Stage of Pregnancy",XII Annual Conf. EMSI, p. 70, Feb. 1987

Aravindakshan, M. and Chauhan, P.S. "TransmissibleGenetic Damage in Mice Due to Paternal Post-meioticExposure", XIII Ann. Conf. EMSI, Feb. 1988

Aravind, K.V. "The Philadelphia (Ph') Chromosome - AnOverview", EMSI Newsletter, II, 12(1987)

Aravindan, K.V., Rao, B.S., Elango, T., Nakra, M., Khan,A.M. and Parida, B.S. "Biological Hazards ofPolychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)", ibid., 21(1987)

Bains, G.S. and Dhake, G.S. "Studies on Immuno-suppression", Abstracts of Annual Meeting of Indian Im-munology Society, Abst. No. 2, Srinagar, Oct. 1987

Bhagwat, A.A. and Thomas, J. "Rhizobium InducedPlant Proteins in Target Root Epidermal Cells of VignaUnguiculata. Molecular Genetics of Plant-MicrobeInteractions", Eds. Verma, D.P.S. and Brisson, N.,Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht, TheNetherlands, 120, 1987

Bhagwat, A.S. "Surface Changes and Inhibition ofRibulose 1,5-bisphosphate Carboxylase by Specific andLimited Trypsin Catalysed Proteolysis", Indo-USSRBinational Workshop on Photosynthesis, INSA, NewDelhi, March 1987

Bhatia, C.R., Viegas, Patricia, Bhagwat, Anjali,Mathews, Helena and Notani, N.K. "PromoterSequence for the Expression of Foreign Genes in PlantCells", Plant Cell and Tissue Culture of Economically Im-portant Plants, Ed. Reddy, G.M., 23(1987)

Bhilwade, H.N., Chaubey, R.C., Chauhan, P.S. andSundaram, K. "Migration of Micronucleated Erythrocytesfrom Bone Marrow to Peripheral Blood in Gamma Irra-diated Mice", XII Annual Conf. EMSI, p. 23, Feb. 1987

Bhilwade, H.N., Chaubey.R.C. and Chauhan, P.S."Studies on in vivo Modulatory Effects of Cobalt(H)Chloride on Methyl Methane Sulfonate InducedClastogenicity in Swiss Mice", ibid., p. 25

Bhatt, Bharati and Balkrishnan, Sieedevi "Incidence ofChromosomal Aberrations in Controls and Smokers",ibid.

Bhatt, Bharati "Studies of Chromosomal Aberrations",Carried out in 68 Personnel from Bharat Electronics Ltd.,Ghaziabad, Report Submitted to Supreme Court Follow-ing the Orders from Supreme Court dated 24.7.86 toUndertake These Studies, 22.1.87

Bhatt, Bharati "Contribution of Science and Technologyin Social Transformation of Rural and Urban Women",International Symposium on Science, Technology andDevelopment, New Delhi, March 1987

Bhatt, Bharati "Role of Women Scientists in the Uplift-ment of Bastar Tribals", Workshop on Inputs of Scienceand Technology for Development of Bastar, D.S.T.,Jagadalpur, M.P., Jan. 1987

Bhatt, Bharati "Wind Power", Seminar on RenewableResources of Energy, Samrat Ashok Technical Institute,Vidisha, M.P., Aug. 1987

Bhatt, Bharati "Biodosimetric Techniques for PopulationMonitoring in a Radiation Emergency", RadiationEmergency Preparedness Around Nuclear Power Plants,IGCAR, Kalpakkam, Sept. 1987

Bhattacharjee, S.K. "On the Role of Herbicide BindingB Protein as Regulator of UV-Sensitivity of PSII: AModel Explaining Dark Survival Characteristics ofCyanobacteria", Proc. Ind. National Sci. Acad., BS3,3(1987)

Bhattacharjee, S.K., Mathur, Manjula, Rane, S.S. andDavid, K.A.V. "UV-Sensitivity of CyanobacteriumAnacystis Nidulans: Part I - Evidence for PhotosystemII (PSII)-as a Lethal Target and Constitutive Nature ofa Dark-Repair System Against Damage to PSH", IndianJ. Expt. Biol. 25, 832(1987)

Bhattacharjee, S.K. and David, K.A.V. "UV-Sensitivityof Cyanobacterium Anacystis Nidulans: Part II - A ModelInvolving Photosystem (PSII) Reaction Centre as LethalTarget and Herbicide Binding High Turnover B Proteinas Regulator of Dark Repair", ibid., 25, 837(1987)


Chaubey, R.C., Chauhan, P.S. and Sundaram, K. "Low-Dose Mutagenic Effects of Hycanthone, MMS and EMSin Mouse Bone Marrow", XII Annual Conference ofEMSI, p. 37, Feb. 1987

Chaubey, R.C., Bhilwade, H.N. and Chauhan, P.S. "TheUse of Micronucleus Assay to Evaluate ComparativeClastogenic Effects of Low-Doses of Methyl MethaneSulfonate in Rat and Mouse", XIII Ann. Conf. EMSI,p. 62, Feb. 1988

Chauhan, P.S. "Genetic Toxicology and Monitoring: AStrategy to Minimise Human Cancer and CongenitalMalformations due to Exposure to EnvironmentalChemicals: Propsects in a Developing Country", Topicsin Toxicology, Society of Toxicology India, Eds. Gupta,P.K. et. al.

Chauhan, P.S. "Role of Genetic Toxicology in Minimis-ing Human Cancer Arising from Exposure to Chemicals:A Strategy for Developing Countries", Proa SGOMECVI, International Workshop on Methods to Reduce In-jury due to Chemical Accidents, INSA, New Delhi, Jan.1987

Chauhan, P.S. "Genetic Monitoring as a Part of Occupa-tional Health Care", National Symp. on OccupationalHealth, Hyderabad, p. 5, Feb. 1987

David, K.A.V., Rane, S.S., Mathur, Manjula andBhattarcharjee, S.K. "Herbicide Mediated UV-Resistancein Cyanobacteria: On the Role of Photosynthetic Elec-tron Transport System Rather than Replicative DNA asLethal Target Determining Dark-Survival of AnacystisNidulans", Photochem. Photobiol. 47, 107(1988)

Desai, T.S. and Ross, R.T. "Characteristics of the RelativeMaximum in the Decay of Delayed Light Emission from-Pothos Leaf Following Far-Red Excitation", Photosyn-thesis Research, 7, 185(1987)

D'Souza, Marian and Notani, N.K. "Cloning andCharacterization of a Small Plasmid from RhizobiumMeliloti", Proceedings of DAE Symposium on PlantMicrobe Interactions, University Maharani's College,Jaipur, 16(1987)

Fernandes, N.J., Srinivasan, V.T. and Singh, B.B. "Spin-Lattice Relation Time Measurements of Different Tissuesin Swiss Mice During Development of Cancer", AMPIBull, 12 VII/9, (1987)

Desai, T.S. "Effect of Ultraviolet Light on Ther-moluminescence from Chloroplast Membranes", IndianNatl. Sci. Acad., B53, 4(1987)

Ghatak, S., Sainis, K., Owen, F.L. and Datta, S.K. "T

Cell Receptor B Chain and I-A B Chain Genes of Nor-mal SWR Mice are Linked with the Development of LupusNephecitis in NZBX SWR Crosses", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.(USA) 84, 6850(1987)

George, K.C., Beuningen, D. Van and Streffer, C."Growth, Cell Proliferation and Morphological Altera-tions of a Mouse Mammary Carcinoma After Exposureto X-rays and Hyperthermia", Recent Results in CancerResearch, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York,Tokyo, 1987

George, K.C., Streffer, C. and Pelzer, T. "CombinedEffects of X-rays, Ro-03-8799 and Hyperthermia onGrowth, Necrosis and Cell Proliferation in a MouseTumour", VI International Meeting on ChemicalModifiers of Cancer Treatment (Abstract), Villejuif,France, 1987

Hejmadi, V.S. and Verma, Naresh C. "Interaction of theAp Protein of 40k Da Photoreactivating Enzyme fromEscherichia Coli with Deoxyribonucleic Acid", IndianJournal of Biochemistry and Biophysics 24, 189(1987)

Jawali, N. and Bhagwat, A.S. "Inhibition ofPhosphoenopyruvate Carboxylase from Maize by2-Phosphoglycollate", Photosynthesis Research 11,153(1987)

Jawali, N. and Bhagwat, A.S. "Presence of EssentialHistidine Residues in NADP-Malic Enzyme from Maize",Phytochemistry 26, 1859(1987)

Joshi, R.K., Mishra, S.D. and Gaur, B.K. "Productivityof Dormant Groundnut as Affected by Ethrel andBenzyladenine", Ind. J. Agri. Sci. 57, 179(1987)

Joshi, N.N., Sainis, K.B. and Phondke, G.P."Concanavalin A-Induced Electrokinetic Change andRestribution of Receptors in Mouse Thymocytes", thykus9, 65(1987)

Kamat, A.S., Nene, S.P., Nerkar, D.P. and Nadkarni, G.B."The Nature of Toxins Produced by Bacillus Cereus",B15-59, J. Food Safety 8, 71(1987)

Kanade, R.P. and Notani, N.K. "Cloning andCharacterization of a DNA Repair Gene in HaemophilusInfluenzae", J. Biosci. 12, 115(1987)

Kumar, M., Seshadri, M., Poduval, T.B., Chauhan, P.S.and Sundaram, K. "Cytogenetic Studies on MurineLymphosarcoma", Advances in Biosciences 6, 111(1987)

Kumar, M. and Chauhan, P.S. "Cell Kinetic and SisterChromatid Exchange Analysis of Human PeripheralBlood Lymphocytes Exposed in Vitro to Ascorbic Acid",


XIII, Ann. Conf. EMSI, Feb. 1988

Lilani, AT., Joshi, R.K. and Gaur, B.K. "Morpho-physiologjcai Status of Wheat Leaf Sections and TheirAge-dependent Response to NAA", Nat. Seminar in PlantPhysiology, Univ. of Agric. Sci., Dharvad, Karnataka,Dec. 1986

Madon, P.S. "Studies on Cell Metabolism with SpecialReference to Oxidation", Ph.D. Thesis, Bombay Univer-sity, 1987

Mahajan, S.K., Chu, C.C. and Clark, A.J. "Studies onthe Expression of recE in Escherichia Coli FASEB", Sym-posium on Genetic Recombination and DNA Rear-rangements, Copper Mountain, Colarado, USA, 1987

Mahajan, S.K., Pandit, N.N., Sarkari, J.F. and Sharma,G.S. "On Tandem DNA Amplification in EscherichiaColi", International Symp. on Immunochemistry, Struc-ture and Function of Nucleic Acids, Bangalore., July 1987

Mahajan, S.K. "Pathways of Homologous GeneticRecombination in Escherichia Coli: GeneticRecombination", Eds. Smith, G.R. and Kucherlapati,Raju, American Soc. for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.

Mathew, T. "Reversal of Chlorofluorenol-induced Inhibi-tion of Elongation of Barley Seedlings by GibberellicAcid", Curr. Sci. 56, 1186(1987)

Mishra, S.D. "Senescence Studies in Betal Lear, FourthAnn. Workshop on AICRP on BeteMne (ICAR) and Nat.Group Discussion on Marketing, Preservation and Alter-native Uses of Betelvine, Mohanpur, Aug. 1987

Mishra, S.D. "Potentiation of Crop Productivity by PlantGrowth Regulators", Nat. Seminar on Recent Trends inManipulating Plant Growth and Development, UtkalUniv., Bhubaneswar, Oct. 1987

Mishra, S.D. and Natb, Neeta "Comparative Yield Poten-tials of Barley and Wiieat as Influenced by Plant GrowthRegulators (PGRs)", ibid., Session I, Abst. No. 16

Nath, Neeta and Mishra, S.D. "Macromolecular ChangesAssociated with Senescence Initiation in the OntogenicallyDiffering Barley Leaves", ibid., Session I, Abst. No. 19

Neuhauser-KIaus, A. and Chauhan, P.S. "Studies onSomatic Mutation Induction in the Mouse with Isoniazidand Hydrazine", Mutation Research 191, 111(1987)

Notani, N.K., D'Souza, M.R. and Viegas, P.M. "GeneCloning and Transfer to Plants in Plant Cell and TissueCulture of Economically Important Plants", Eds. Reddy,G.M., P. 17, 1987

Notani, N.K. "Crop Improvement by GeneticManipulation", Research in Industry, Eds. Mulky, M.J.et. al., Oxford and IBH, New Delhi, 1987

Pai, K.U. and Gaur, B.K. "Gamma-ray-inducedBiochemical Changes in the Outer Mitochondrial Mem-brane from Kidney Bean Hypocotyls", Environ. Exp.Botany 27, 297(1987)

PoduvaJ, T.E, Seshadri, M., Thakur, V.S., Chauhan, P.S.and Sundaram, K. "Effect of Chronic Alcohol Intake onMurine Immune Systems", XIV Ann. Conf. Ind. Immun.Soc. and Symp. on Murine Deficiency, Abstract No. 13,Srinagar, Oct. 1987

Punjabi, Bina, Gaur, B.K. and Bandhopadhyay, C."Membrane Damage and Lipid Composition of Wheat(Triticum Aestivum L.) Seeds Stored Under Different Age-ing Conditions", ibid.

Rao, S.R., Kamath, RG., Maralihalli, G.B. and Bhagwat,A.S. "Photoinactivation of d-Aminolevulinic AcidDehydratase from Maize by Flavin Mononucleotide",Photosynthesis Research 12, 155(1987)

Rawat, K.P., Shenoy, M.A. and Singh, B.B. "MembraneFluidity in Radioprotection of E.coli B/r Cells", FirstNational Symposium on Radiation Biology, Manipal,1987

Sainis, J.K. and Harris, G.C. "Studies on a MultienzymeComplex Containing RUBP Carboxylase, Phosphoribo-seismomerase and Phosphoribulokinase", Progress inPhotosynthesis Research, Proc. of VII International Con-gress on Photosynthesis, Providence, Rhode Island, Aug.1986, III.6. 49-494, 1987

Sainis, K.E and Datta, S.K. "Cellular Regulation ofHephritogenic Anti-DNA Autoantibody Idiotype inNZBX SWR Model of Lupus Nephritis", Fed. Proa 46,1367, 1987

Sainis, K.B. and Datta, S.K. "Pbenotypic and FunctionalCharacterisation of T-Cell Lines ficm Autoimmune (SWRx NZB) Fl Mice", Annual Meeting of Indian ImmunologySociety, Srinagar, Abstract No. 130, Oct. 1987

Sane, P.V., Desai, T.S. and Tatake, V.G."Thermoluminescence from Photosyntretic Membranes",Indian Natl. Sci. Acad. 1987

Shenoy, M.A. and Singh, B.B. "Effects of Indomethacinon Radiation and Hyperthermic Response of aFibrosarcoma", 8th International Congress of RadiationResearch, Edinbergh, Abstract E 42-4P, 1987

Singh, B.B., Srinivasan, VT., Shenoy, M.A., George, K.C.,

BARC, ANNUAL REPORT-19B7 111

Maniar, H.S. and Rawat, K.P. "Radiosensitization ofHypoxic Bacterial Cells and Animal Tumors by Mem-brane Active Drugs and Hypothermia. Final RCM ofIAEA", Improvement of Cancer Therapy in Asian Coun-tries by Combination Treatment of Conventional Radia-tion and Physical or Chemical Means, Madras 1987,BARC-1382, p. I, 1987

Singh, B.B. "Chemical Radiosensitisation: A NewStrategy", Natl. Symp. Radiat. Biol. 51, Manipal, 1987

Singh, B.B. "Inter-relationships Between RadiationPhysics and Chemistry and Radiobiology", Radiat. Phys.Chem. 30, 4(1987)

Singh, RB. "Cancer If Curable Why Not Cured ?", Proc.Association Biophysica, 1987

Thakur, V.S., Seshadri, M., Poduval, T.B. and Sundaram,K. "Inhibition of Murine Tumours in H-2 and Non-H-2Antigen-Sensitized Mice: Therapeutic Applications",Annual Meeting of Indian Immunology Society, AbstractNo. 123, Srinagar, Oct. 1987

Thomas, J., Apte, S.K., Bhagwat, A.A., Vacchani, A.K.,Fernandes, T. and Tuli, R. "Aspects of CyanobacterialNitrogen Fixation, Early Interactions in Legume-Rhizobium Symbiosis and Prospects for GeneticManipulation", Biotechnology in Agriculture, Eds.Natesh, S., Chopra, V.L., Ramachandran, S., Oxford andIBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 47(1987)

Thomas, J., Apte, S.K. and Reddy, B.R. "SodiumTransport and Its Relationship to the Salt Tolerance ofDiazotrophic Cyanobacteria", Proc. VIII AustralianNitrogen Fixation Conference (Eds. W. Wallace andSmith, S.E., Univ. of Adelaide, Adelaide, 7(1987)

Thomas, J., Apte, S.K., Fernandes, T.A., Iyer, R.K.,Reddy, B.R. and Vacchani, A.K. "Biochemical Geneticsand Ecophysiology of Nitrogen Fixation and SaltTolerance in Cyanobacteria", Proc. M.O.P. IyengarCentenary Celebration Symposium, Univ. of Madras,Madras, 1987

Altekar, W. and Dhar, N. "On Arehaebacterial Class I andClass II Aldolases from Extreme Halophiles", Origins ofLife, 18(1987)

Verma, N.C., Valaulikar, B.S. and Manohar, C."Fluorescence Measurements on Viscoelastic Solutions ofCTAB and Sodium Salicylate", J. Surf. Sci. Tech. 3,19(1987)

Viegas, Patricia, Mathews, H., Bhatia, C.R. and Notani,N.K. "Monohybrid and Dihybrid Segregations in the Pro-genies of Tobacco Transformed for Kanamycin Resistance

with a Ti-vector System", J. Genet. 66, 25(1987)

Viegas, Patricia and Notani, N.K. "Horizontal Transferof nif HD DNA Sequences in Tobacco", Proceedings ofDAE Symposium on Plant Microbe-Interactions, Univer-sity Maharani's College, Jaipur, 22(1987)

Altekar, W., Kristjansson, H. and Hochstein, L.I. "Onthe Properties of the ATPase from Halobacterium Sac-charovorum Solubilized by High Pressure Decompression,Current Trends in Life Sciences XIII, Biomembranes:Structure", Biogenesis and Transport, Ed. Rajamanickam,C , Today and Tomorrow's Printers, New Delhi, 311(1987)

Bhattacharya, R.K., Francis, A.R. and Shetty, T.K."Modifying Role of Dietary Factors on the Mutagenicityof Aflatoxin B,: In Vitro Effect of Vitamins", MutationRes. 188, 121(1987)

Dhar, N.M., Kelkar, S.M. and Altekar, W. "Glucose-ATPPhosphotransferases from Halobacterium R-113: Presenceof a High Km Hexokinase (D)", Ind. J. Biochem. Biophys.24, 204(1987)

Firozi, P.F., Aboobaker, V.S. and Bhattacharya, R.K."Action of Vitamin A and DNA Adduct Formation byAflatoxin B, in a Microsome Catalysed Reaction",Cancer Letters 34, 213(1987)

Galivan, J., Johnson, T., Rhee, M., McGuire, J.J., Priest,D.G. and Kesavan, V. "Advances in Enzyme Regulation",Ed. Weber, G., Pergamon (1987)

Hochstein, L.I., Kristjansson, N. and Altekar, W. "ThePurification and Subunit Structure of a Membrane-BoundATPase from the Archaebacterium HalobacteriumSaccharovorum", Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 147,295(1987)

Inamdar, K.V., Tarachand, U, Devasagayam, T.P.A. andRaghavan, K.G. "Immune Complex of Banana OxalateOxidase: Use in Quantisation of Urinary Oxalate", Anal.Lett. 19, 1987

Jain, N., Mital, R., Sen Ray, K. Srivastava, T.S. andBhattacharya, R.K. "Synthesis, Spectroscopic, Mutagenicand Cytotoxicity Studies of Some Mixed-LigandPlatinum(II) Complexes of 2,2'-Bipyridine and AminoAcids", J. Inorg. Biochem. 31, 57(1987)

Kaklij, G.S. and Kelkar, S.M. "Mechanism of Deacetyla-tion of N-o-Acetylated Proteins", Ind. J. Biochem.Biophys. 24, 124(1987)

Pandey, V.N., Amrute, S.B., Satav, J.G. and Modak, M.J."Inhibition of Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Thinsferase byAdenine Dinucleotides", FEBS Letters, 213, 204(1987)


Pandey, V.N. and Modak, M.J. "Biochemistry of TerminalDeoxynucleotidyl Transferase (TdT): Characterization andMechanism of Inhibition of TdT byPl,P5-Bis(5'-adenosyl) Pentaphosphate", Biochemistry26, 2033(1987)

Pandey, V.N., Williams, K.R., Stone, K.L. and Modak,M.J. "Photoaffinity Labeling of DeoxythymidineTriphosphate Binding Domain in E. Voli DNAPolymerase I: Identification of Histidine-r881 as the Siteof Crosslinking", ibid., 26, 7744(1987)

Pandey, V.N. and Modak, M.J. "Purification of HighMolecular Mass Species of Calf Thymus Terminal Deox-ynucleotidyl Transferase", Prep. Biochem. 17, 359(1987)

Shah, G.M. and Bhattacharya, R.K. "Modulation ofTranscription in Rat Liver by Benzo(a)pyrene", CancerLetters 35, 191(1987)

Shallom, J.M. and Katyare, S.S. "Altered SynaptosomalATPase Activity and Cerebral Protein Turnover in RatsFollowing Prolonged in vivo Treatment with Nicotine",Current Trends in Life Sciences XIII, Biomembranes:Structure, Biogenesis and Transport, Today andTomorrow's Printers and Publishers, New Delhi, 61(1987)

Aboobaker, V.S. and Bhattacharya, R.K. "MetabolicActivation of Aflatoxin B^ Tissue, Sex and SpeciesSpecific Variations'', 12th Ann. Conf., EMSI, Hissar, 1987

Altekar, W. and Krishnan, Gomathi "Salt Dependent Pro-perties of Halobacterial Enzymes", Proceedings of Int.Seminar on Structure and Function of Enzymes, Ed.Malhotra, O.P. (1987)

Bhattacharjee, D. "Elucidating Molecular Basis ofInherited Disease Using Mice Enzyme Activity Mutants",12th Ann. Conf., EMSI, Hissar, Feb. 1987

Bhattacharjee, D. "Induction of Congenital Malforma-tions and Post-Implantation Lethality in the Offspringof Male Mice Exposed to Varying Doses of Gamma Rays",National Symp. on Radiation Biology, Manipal, Nov.1987

Datta, Geeta, Parvathanathan, P.S., Mirza, E.B. andDenis, K. Usha "Effect of Lysozyme on the Phase Tran-sitions of the Model Membrane, DBPC-HjO", IllrdNational Symp. Bio-organic Chemistry, Hyderabad, Ju-ly 1987

Dave, V., Patil, M.S., Pasupathy, K. and Pradhan, D.S."DNA Synthesis in Nuclei and Nuclear Matrix gf theRegenerating Liver of Rats Exposed to Whole-bodyGamma Irradiation", 56th Ann. Meet. SBC, Dept. ofBiochemistry, Tirupathi, Dec. 1987

Davasagayam, T.P.A. and Tarachand, U. "Lipid Perox-idation in the Brain Tissue During Gestation", 56th Ann.Meet. SBC (India), Tirupathi, Dec 1987

Francis, A.R., Shetty, T.K. and Bhattacharya, R.K."Modulation of the Mutagenicity of Aflatoxin B, byTrace Elements", 12th Ann. Conf., EMSI, Hissar, Feb.1987

Kshirsagar, S.G. "Metabolism of Radioactive Strontiumand Calcium in Rat and Rabbit: Comparison with Man",National Symp. on Radiation Biology, Manipal, Nov.1987

Narurkar, L.M., D'Souza, S.J. and Narurkar, M.V."Human Health and Disease", 56th Meet. SBC (India),Tirupathi, Dec. 1987

Pradhan, D.S., Desai, S.D., Chetty, K.G. and Pasupathy,K. "Replication and Repair of Mitochondria! DNA ofSaccharomyces Cerevisiae", International Symposium onImmunochemistry, Structure and Function of NucleicAcids, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, July 1987

Raghavan, K.G., Tarachand, U. and Inamdar, K.V."Development of Enzyme Membrane Strip for the Deter-mination of Urinary Oxalate", Ann. Meet. SBC,Tirupathi, Dec. 1987

Shah, G.M. and Bhattacharya, R.K. "Mechanism of Ben-zo(a)pyrene Induced Inhibition of Transcription", 12thAnn. Conf. EMSI, Hissar, Feb. 1987

Shah, G.M. and Bhattacharya, R.K. "Model Studies onInhibition of Transcription in Nuclei by Benzo(a)pyreneDiol Epoxide I", ibid.

Trehan, S., Advani, S.H., Giri, N. and Noronha, J.M."Urinary Pteridines in Malignancy", Proc. of VI Congressof International Society of Haematology, Bombay, Dec.1987

Chattopadhyay, A., Mamdapur, V.R. and Chadha, M.S."Synthesis of Pheromone of Potato Tuber Moth,Phthrimaea Opeculella (Zeller)", Indian J. Chem. 26B,187(1987)

Chattopadhyay, A. and Mamdapur, V.R. "ClaisenOrthoester Rearrangement : Synthesis of CereluninSynthon", ibid., 26B, 161(1987)

Verma, G.S., Ramakrishnan, V., Mulchandani, N.B. andChadha, M.S. "Effects of Tylophora AsthmaticsAlkaloids, on Growth and Development of Tobacco Cater-pillars, Spodoptera litura", Proc. Indian Natn. Sci. Acad.B52, 405(1986)

Joshi, N.K., Lathika, K.M., Ramakrishnan, V., Banerji,


A. and Chadha, M.S. "Plumbagin-induced Inhibition ofOvary Development in Dysdercus Cingulatus", Sym-posium on Regulation of Insect Reproduction IV,Zinkovy, Aug. 1987

Joshi, N.K., Lathika, K.M., Banerji, A. and Chadha,M.S. "Effect of Plumbagin on Prothoracic Glands ofDysdercus Cingulatus", International Conference onEndocrinological Frontiers in Physiological InsectEcology, Poland, Sept. 1987

Banerji, A. "New Strategies in Insect Control - Lessonsfrom Plant - Insect Ecodynamics", Proc. of the 24thAnnual Convention of Chemists, Shivaji University,Kolhapur, Nov. 1987

Banerji, A., Luthria, D.L. and Prabhu, B.R. "ChemicalComponents of Atalantia Racemosa: Isolation,Characterisation and Synthesis of Two NewPyranoflavones", National Symposium on PhytochemicalStudies on Indian Medicinal Plants, BharathidasanUniversity, Tiruchirapalli, Nov. 1987

Banerji, A. and Kalena, G.P. "Synthesis of 7H- and 2H-Pyrano (l,2)-benzisoxazoles - A New Class ofPrecocenoids", 7th Conference of Indian Council ofChemists, Shivaji University, Gwalior, Dec. 1987

Banerji, A. and Chintalwar, G.J. "Characterisation ofPolyoxygenated Xanthones by NMR Spectroscopy", ibid.

Banerji, A. "Chemistry and Biochemistry of Allitin",BARC-1308 (1986)

Kokate, S.D., Kalena, G.P. "lexicological Investigationsof Some Synthetic and Naturally Occuring Phenolics",VI Annual Conference of STDX and Symposia Societyof Toxicology, India, Assam Agricultural University,Gauhati, April 1987

Bapat, V.A., Mhatre, M. and Rao, P.S. "Propagation ofMorus indica L. (Mulberry) by Encapsulated ShootBuds", Plant Cell Rep. 6, 393(1987)

George, L., Bapat, V.A. and Rao, P.S. "In VitroMultiplication of Sesame (Sesamum indicum 'L.cv.PT)Through Tissue Culture", Ann. Bot. 60, 17(1987)

Patel, G., Bapat, V.A. and Rao, P.S. "Protoplast Cultureand Genetic Transformation in Physalis minima L.", Proc.Ind. Acad. Sci. 97, 333(1987)

Benjamin, B.D., Roja, P.C., Heble, M.R. and Chadha,M.S. "Multiple Shoot Cultures of Atropa belladonna: Ef-fect of Physicochemical Factors on Growth and AlkaloidFormation", J.P. Physiol. 129, 129(1987)

George, L., Abraham, V., Suryavanshi, D.R.,

Sipahimalani, AX and Srinivasan, V.T. "Yield, Oil Con-tent and Fatty Acid Composition Evaluated in Andro-genetic Plants in Brassica juncea", PI. Breed. 98,72(1987)

Gill, R., Eapen, S. and Rao, P.S. "Callus Induction fromProtoplasts of V. unguiculta, V. sublobata and V. mungo",Theor. Appl. Genet. 74, 100(1987)

Gill, R., Eapen, S. and Rao, P.S. "Morphogenic Studiesof Cultured Cotyledons of Urd Bean (Vigna mungo, L.Hepper)", J. PI. Physiol. 130(1987)

Kohler, F., Golz, C , Eapen, S., Kohn, H. and Schieder,O. "Stable Transformation of Moth Bean Vignaaconitifolia via Direct Gene Transfer'', Plant Cell Rep. 6,313(1987)

Vyas, A.V. and Mulchandani, N.B. "Synthesis and Struc-tures of Dimeric and Trimeric Prococenes Analogs", J.Chem. Res. (5), 98(1987), (M) 1036(1987)

Bakshi, B., Mulchandani, N.B. and Shankar, J. "A NovelPhenalanone from Salvia moorcraftiana", Planta Medica,5, 408(1986)

Verma, G.S., Ramakrishnan, V., Mulchandani, N.B. andChadha, M.S. "Inspect Feeding Detergents fromTylophora asthmatica", Ent. Exp. Appl. 40, 99(1986)

Badheka, L.P., Prabhu, B.R. and Mulchandani, N.B."Lignans from Piper cubeba - III", Phytochemistry 26,2033(1987)

Bakshi, B., Mulchandani, N.B. and Shankar, J. "AbietaneDiterpene Quinones and Diterpene Epoxide from Salviamoorcraftiana", Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. 97, 167(1986)

Badheka, L.P. and Mulchandani, N.B. "Hemiariesin aUnique Monoacetoxy Derivative of Dihydrocubebin",23rd Annual Convention of Chemists, Annamalai Univer-sity, Annamalai Nagar, Dec. 1986

Mulchandani, N.B. "Isolation of Abietane DiterpeneQuinones and Other Biogenetically Related Diterpenesfrom Salvia moorcraftiana", VIII Indo-Soviet Symposiumon the Chemistry of the Natural Products, RegionalResearch Laboratory, Hyderabad, Dec. 1986

Mulchandani, N.B. "Leads One Could Get from fiiosyn-thetic Experiments.", 3rd National Symposium on Bio-organic Chemistry, Regional Research Laboratory,Hyderabad, July 1987

Mulchandani, N.B. "Isolation and Biosynthetis of theSecondary Metabolites from Piper Plants", National Sym-posium on Phytochemical Studies on India MedicinalPlants, Bharathidasan University.Tiruchirapalli, Nov. 1987


Mulchandani, N.B. "Isolation, Biosynthesis andBiological Activity of Alkaloids of Tylophora asthmatica,a Vesatile Medicinal Plant", BARC-1360 (1987)

Shenoy, N.R. and Choughuley, A.S.U. "Nitrosamines inSome Indian Brands of Soya Sauce Samples Treated withNitrite", Indian J. Food Science and Technol. 24,214(1987)

Choughuley, A.S.U. "Nitrosamines in Food andEnvironment", E.M.S.I. 12th Annual Conference,Haryana Agr. Univ. Hissar, Feb. 1987

Shenoy, N.R. and Choughuley, A.S.U. "Inhibition andCatalysis of Some Model Amines Nitrosalation by SomeDietary Factors", ibid.

Kannan, S. "Differential Uptake of Sodium and Chloridein Crop Cultivars and Their Relationship to Salt toTolerance", In. Nat. Seminar on Problems and Manage-ment of Coastal Ecosystem, Indian Society of CoastalAgricultural Research, Calcutta, Dec. 1986

Kannan, S. and Ramani, S. "Effects of AmmoniumSulfate on Na/CI Uptake by Rice Cultivars Differing inSalt Tolerance: Experiments with Soil and SolutionCulture", X International Plant Nutrition Colloquium,Maryland, USA, Aug. 1986

Kannan, S. and Ramani, S. "Mechanism of Fe-deficiencyTolerance in Crop Cultivars: Effects of Dibutylphthalateand Caffeic Acid on Fe-Chlorosis", ibid.

Ramani, S. and Kannan, S. "Excretion of Chemicals bythe Roots of Fe-deficiency Stressed Plants: Action ofDibutylphthalate and Caffeic Acid on Fe-uptakeEfficiency", In. National Seminar in Plant Physiology,Dharwad Campus, Kamataka, Dec. 1986

Ramani, S. and Kannan, S. "Mo Uptake and NitrateReductase Activity in Sorghum: Evidence for Heterosis",Plant Breeding 97, 334(1986)

Ramani, S. and Kannan, S. "Absorption and Transportof Na and Cl in Rice Cultivars Differing in TheirTolerance to Salinity: An Examination of the Effects ofAmmonium and Potassium Salts", J. Plant Nutrition 12,1553(1987)

R^rani, S., Kannan, S. and Patankar, A.V. "Identificationof Dibutylphthalate in the Root Exudate of Fe-DeficientJute (Corchorus Capsularis, L.) Subjected to FeDeficiency Stress: Its Action on Fe-chlorosis Recovery",J. Plant Nutrition 12, 1533(1986)

Narahari, P. "TR-5 Dwarfing Gene in Rice - In RiceGenetics", Proc. International Rice Genetics Symposium,International Rice Research Institute, Manila,

Phillippines, 323(1986)

Mitra, J. and Raghu, K. "Rice Straw Amendment and theDegradation of DDT in Soils", Toxicol. Environ. Chem.11:171 (1986)

Raghu, K. and Drego, J. "Bound Residues of Lindane:Magnitude, Microbial Release, Plant Uptake and Effecton Microbial Activities", Quantification, Nature andBioavailability of Bound 14-C-pesticide Residues in Soil,Plant and Food, IAEA, Vienna, 41(1986)

Kale, S.P., Murthy, N.B.K. ,;nd Raghu, K. "Effect ofCarbamate Insecticides and Their Degradation Productson Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria", Nat. Symposium: CurrentStatus of Biological Nitrogen Fixation, Hissar, p. 120, Feb.1986

Raghu, K. "Introduction to Thin Layer and GasChromoatography", Refresher Course in AnalyticalChemistry, Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Depoli, Dec. 1986

Abraham, V. "An Early Maturing Yellow SeededMustard", Curr. Sci. 56, 1011(1987)

Chandra Mouli, Kale, D.M. and Patil, S.H. "Inheritanceof Sequential Flowering Pattern in the Mutants ofGroundnut Cultivar Robut 33-1", Current Science 55,1185(1986)

George, L., Abraham, V., Suryavanshi, D.R.,Sipahimalani, AT. and Srinivasan, VT. "Another Cultureof Brassica juncea: Field Performance of AndrogeneticPlants", Plant Breeding 98, 72(1987)

Krishna, T.G., Pawar, S.E. and Mitra, R. "Variation andInheritance of the Arachin Polypeptides of Groundnut(Arachis hypogaea L.)", Theor. Appl. Genet. 73, 82(1987)

Krishna, T.G. and Mitra, R. "Arachin Polymorphism inGroundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)", Phytochemistry 26,897(1987)

Mishra, K.P., Joshua, D.C. and Bhatia, C.R. "In vitroElectroporation of Tobacco Pollen", Plant Science 52,135(1987)

Suseelan, K.N., Bhagwat, A.S., Mathews, V.H. andBhatia, C.R. "Agrobacterium tumefaciens - InducedTumour Formation on Some Tropical Dicot and MonocotPlants", Current Science 56(17), 888(1987)

Suseelan, K.N., Mitra, R. and Bhatia, C.R. "Purificationand Characterization of Variant Alcohol DehydrogenaseIsozymes from Durum Wheat", Biochem. Genetics25(7/8), 581(1987)

Reddy, K.S., Pawar, S.E. and Bhatia, C.R. "Screening for


Powdery Mildew (Erysipha polygoni DC.) Resistance inMungbean (Vigna radiat (L) Wilczek) Using ExcisedLeaves", Proc. Indian Acad Sci. (Plant Sci.), 97(5),365(1987)

Allagikar, S.B., Pawar, S.E. and Notani, N.K. "Somaticinstability on Short Arum of Chromosome 9 in Maize",DAE Symp.. Plant Microbe Interactions, Jaipur, p. 86,Nov. 1987

Joshua, D.C., Bhagwat, A.S., Gadgil, J.D. and Bhatia,C.R. "Potential of Sesbania rostrata with Stem Nodulesas a Green Manure Crop", ibid.

Mitra, R., Gadgil, J.D. and Bhatia, C.R. "Host PlantInduced Protein Synthesis Following Virus Infection",ibid.

Plawar, S.E., Reddy, K.S. and Bhatia, C.R. "MonogenicDominant Inheritance of a Gene Governing Incompati-ble Interaction Between Mungbean and Erysiphe polygoniDC, ibid.Thakare, R.G., Gadgil, J.D. and Mitra, R. "Origin andEvolution of Seed Protein Genes in Vigna mungo and V.Radiata", Second International Symposium on Mung-bean, 16-20, Nov. Bangkok (Thailand), AVRDC Publica-tion No. 87-281, p. 11 (Abstract) (1987)

Bhatia, C.R. and Rabson, R. "Relationship of Grain Yieldand Nutritional Quality, In Nutritional Quality of CerealGrains: Genetic and Agronomic Improvement-AgronomyMonograph", American Society of Argonomy, MadisonWisconsin, 11(1987)

Abraham, V. and Bhatia, C.R. "Progress in the Utilisa-tion of Yellow Seeded Trombay Mustard in BreedingProgrammes", Mut. Breed. Newsletter 28, 9(1986)

Murty, G.S.S. and Joshua, D.C. "An Induced Tall Seedl-ing Mutant in Sesame", Sesame and Safflower Newslet-ter 2, 16(1986)

Murty, G.S.S., Joshua, D.C., Rao, N.S. and Bhatia, C.R."Induced Mutations in Sesame", FAO/IAEA MutationBreeding Newsletter 29, 5(1987)

Bhujbal, B.M. "Evaluation of Reaction Products ofAmmonium Nitrates Phosphate Fertilizers", J. Ind. Soc.Soil Sci. 34, 417(1986)

Athalye, V.V. "Uptake and Distribution of Selenium inLucerne and Mustard Grown on an Ultisol and a Virtisol",DAE National Symposium on Use of Nuclear and AlliedTechniques in Research on Soil Fertility and FertilizerUsage, Coimbatore, Jan. 1987

Bhujbal, B.M. "Transformation of Applied Ammonium

Nitrate Phosphates of Varying Witer-soluble PhosphorusContent in Contrasting Indian Soils", ibid.

Chapke, V.G., Bhujbal, B.M. and Mistry, K.B "Efficiencyof Ammonium Nitrate Phosphates of Varying Water-soluble Phosphorus Content for Wheat and Succeeding

Maize Crop on Different Soil Types", Indian Society forNuclear Techniques in Agriculture and Biology Sym-posium on Resource Management and Induced MutationUsing Nuclear and Other Techniques, Izatnagar, Sept.1987

Cherian, S., Subramaniyan, T.K., Achari, P.S. Murthy,T.S. and D'Souza, T.J. "isotopes for Soil and FertilizerResearch in India", DAE National Symposium on Use ofNuclear and Allied Techniques in Research on Soil Fer-tility and Fertilizer Usage, Coimbatore, Jan. 1987

D'Souza, T.J. and Ramachandran, V. "Accumulation ofCadmium and Other Metals by Maize from Cadmium-enriched Sewage Sludge Amended Soils", ibid.

Ramachandran, V. "Transformations of AddedChromium Compounds in Two Major Indian Soils", ibid.

Ramachandran, V. and D'Souza, T.J. "Plant Uptake ofZinc, Manganese and Copper from Zinc-enriched SewageSludge Amended Soils", Proc. National Seminar onRecent Advances in Soil Research, 52nd Ann. Conven-tion of Indian Society of Soil Science, Pune, Nov. 1987

Yadav, V.B. "Evaluation of Ammonium PolyphosphateFertilizer as a Source of Phosphorus and Carrier of Zincfor Maize", DAE National Symposium on Use of Nuclearand Allied Techniques in Research and Soil Fertility andFertilizer Usage, Coimbatore, 1987

Vyas, B.N. "Evaluation of Nitrogen Use Efficiency ofUrea and Its Modified forms for Maize and Rice usingA-value Technique", ibid.

Ramani, S. and Kannan, S. "Enhancement of Iron Up-take by Dibutyl Phthalate in Sorghum (Sorghumbicolor.L. Moench) CuMvars with Different Susceptibilityto Iron Deficiency", J. Plant Physiology, 127, 379(1987)

Nirale, A.S. and Kannan, S. "Actionof 6N-Benzyladenineon Growth and Phosphate Uptake in Cotyledons ofSunflower", Ann. Plant Physiol, 1, 72(1987)

Dave, I.C. and Kannan, S. "Action of *N-Benzyladenineon Absorption and Transport of Rb(K) and PO4 inSunflower Seedling", ibid., 161(1987)

Kannan, S. and Ramani, S. "iron Deficiency StressResponse in Crop Plants: An Examination inlinseedCultivars", 4th International Symposium on Iron Nutri-


tion and Interactions in Plants, Albuquerque, New mex-ico, USA, July 1987

Kannan, S. "Occurrence of Iron Deficiency in ImportantCrops in Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu States in India:A Report", ibid.

Kannan, S. "Physiological Responses Associated with FeDeficiency Stress in Different Plant Species", ibid.

Kannan, S. "Crop Response to Iron Stress", Round TableDiscussion, ibid.

Kannan, S. "Emerging Concepts in Plant Nutrition: Fit-ting Plants to Nutrient Constraints Physiological andGenetic Approach", All India Seminar on Advances inBotanical Research in India, During the Last Ten Years(1976-1986), Dungar College, Bikaner, Rajasthan, Nov.1987 (Invited Paper)

Kannan, S. "Foliar Application of Micro-nutrients: Prin-ciples, Mechanisms and Crop Response. National Sym-posium, on Micronutrients Stresses in Crop Plants:Physiological and Genetic Approaches to Control Them",Dept. of Atomic Energy, M.P. Agricultural University,Rahuri, Proa, p. 206, Dec. 1987

Ramani, S. "Mechanisms of Micronutrient UptakeTransport and Stress Tolerance in Plants", ibid., p. 237

Dave, I. "Function and Metabolism of Trace Elements inPlants", ibid., p. 246

Raghu, K. "Environmental Fate of Pesticides as Influ-enced by Soil Amendments", Proceedings DAE NationalSymposium on Use of Nuclear and Allied Techniques inResearch on Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Usage,Coimbatore (1987)

Murthy, N.B.K. and Raghu, K. "Fate of 14C Carbaryl inTropical Soils", ibid.

Tamhankar, A.J., Gothi, K.K. and Rahalkar, G.W."Influence of Larval Diapause on Pheromone Productionby Female Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts",Ind. Jour. Exptl. Biol. 25, 276(1987)

Harwalkar, M.R., Rananavare, H.D. and Rahalkar, G.W."Development of Tfichogramma brasiliensis Ashm. OnEggs of Radiation Sterilized Females of Potato Tuber-worm, Phthorimaca operculella Zell", Entomophaga,32(2), 159(1987)

Netrawali, M.S. "Effect of the Insecticide Contaminationon the Ecosystem: Studies on Endosulfan, Malathion andPermethrin with Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii Model",(Netrawali, M.S., Gandhi, S.R. and Pednekar, M.D.)Second Symposium on Insect and Environment, Univer-

sity of Delhi, Feb. J987 (Invited Talk)

Netrawali, M.S. "Genotoxicity of Synthetic FoodColourants - An Overview", Symposium on ComparativeEnvironmental Mutagenesis, Guru Nanak Dev Universi-ty, Amritsar, Feb. 1987

D'Souza, S.F. "Immobilized Enzymes and Their Applica-tions in Industrial̂ Conversions", National Seminar onImmobilized Biocatalysts - the State of the Art, IndianInstitute of Technology, Delhi, Apr 1987 (Invited Lecture)

D'Souza, S.F. "Surface Immobilized Biocatalysts inChemical Conversions", Workshop on Biotechnology:Potential Commercial Benefits in India, M.S. Universityof Baroda, Aug. 1987 (Invited Lecture)

D'Souza, S.F. "Immobilized Biocatalysts in Food andPharmaceutical Industries", The Auspices of the Associa-tion of Food Scientists and Technologists, BombayChapter, University Dept. of Chemical Technology, Bom-bay, Sept. 1987 (Invited Lecture)

Ghadi, S.V., Warrier, S.B. and Ninjoor, V. "Preparationand Properties of Fish Protein Hydrolysate from Dhoma,as Under-utilised Fish", Symposium on Diversification ofPost Harvest Technology for Low Cost Fish, Central In-stitute of Fishery Technology, Cochin, March 1987

Hongirwar, D.R. "Application of Liquid Nitrogen forQuick Freezing of Fruits and Food Products", Proceedingsof National Workshop on Stirling Cycle Liquid NitrogenPlants, Section 18, p. 18, June 1987 (Invited Talk)

Bhatia, aAnita, Pane, M.N., Ghanekar, A.S., Sharma,Arun and Padwal Desai, S.R. "Microbial Aspects ofStored Indian Species" Fourth Indian Convention ofFood Scientists & Technologists, Mysore, June 1987

Nair, P.M., Ramaswamy, N.K. and Izawa, S. "RequiringMn2+ Oxidase Activity of the 3kDa Protein fromThylakoids in Solar Energy Conversion, PhotochemicalReaction Centres and oxygen Evolving Complexes ofPlant Photosynthesis", proc. US/Japan Binational Sym.Okazaki, p. 24, Japan, March 1987

Shirsat, S.G. and nair, P.M. "Purification andCharacterization of Potato Phenylalanine AmmoniaLyase", 56th Annual Meeting of Society of BiologicalChemists, Tirupathi, Dec. 1987

Mullick, R.S., Adhikari, H.R. and Vakil, U.K."Alterations in lipid Profiles of Rat Liver Plasma andLysosomal Membranes and Defective Phagolysosome For-mation in Vitamin A Deficiency", International Sym-posium on Biochemical Role of Eukaryotic CellMembranes 'm New Delhi, (Abstract), Jan. 1987


Rao, V.S. and Vakil, U.K. "Studies on Gamma IrradiatedWheat with Special Reference to Improving the bakingQuality of Wheat", Bakery Demonstration Workshop,Tirunnelvelli, Nov. 1987 (Invited Paper)

Deshpande, A., D',Souza, S.F. and Nadkarni, G.B."Immobilized D-amino Acid Oxidase of Trigonopsisvariabilis", 56th Ann. Meeting of Society of BiologicalChemists, Tirupathi, Dec. 1987

Melo, J.S. and D'Souza, S.F. "Immobilization ofEnzymes on Pellicular Supports", ibid.

Venugopal, V., Alur, M.D. and Nerkar, D.P. "PartialDeodorization of Low-priced Fish Meat and Some of ItsApplications", Symp. on Diversification of Post HarvestTechnology for Low Cost Fish, p. 149, Society of FisheriesTechnologists (India), Cochin, March 1987

Thomas, P. "Radiation Preservation of Foods of PlantOriginin. Part 6 Mushrooms, Tomatoes, Minor Fruits andVegetables and Dry Fruits and Nuts", CRC CriticalReviews in Food Science and Nutrition

Thomas, P. "Shelf-life Extension - Tubers, Bulbs andFruits", In Low Dose Irradiation of Foods, (Ed. Moy,J.H.), Elsevier Applied Science Publishers Ltd

Krishnamurthy, K. and Bongirwar, D.R. "Food Irradia-tion Estimates of Cost of Processing", Journal of IndianFood Industry 6, 5(1987)

Bongirwar, D.R. "Sterilization of Packaging MaterialsUsing Aseptic System", Packaging of Food Products, p.368, Indian Institute of Packaging, Bombay, 1987

Ramamurthy, M.S. and Bongirwar, D.R. "Influence ofProcessing Variables on the Hygroscopic Behaviour ofFreeze Dried Alphonso Mango Slices", Journal of FoodIndustry 8, 20(1987)

Nair, P.M., Ramaswamy, N.K. and Izawa, S. "Cl" Re-quiring Mn2+ Oxidase Activity of the 33kDa Proteinfrom Thylakoids", Proc. of a Symposium on Solar EnergyConversion, Photochemical Reaction, Centres and Ox-ygen Evolving Complexes of Plant Photosynthesis, Japan,24(1987)

Shirsat, S.G. and Nair, P.M. "Purification andCharacterisation of Potato Phenylalanine AmmoniaLyase", Proc of 56th Annual Meeting of the Society ofBiological Chemists, Dec. 1987

Padwal Desai, S.R., Sharma, Arun and Amonkar, S.V."Disinfestation of Whole and Ground Spices by GammaIrradiation", J. Food. Sci. Techno. 24, 32(1987)

Munasiri, M.A., Parte, M.N., Ghanekar, A.S., Sharma,

Arun, Padwal-Desai, S.R. and Nadkarni, G.B."Sterilization of Ground Prepacked Indian Spices byGamma Irradiation", J. Food Sci. 52, 823(1987)

Sharma, Arun, Padwal-Desai, S.R. and Nadkarni, G.B."A New Method for Aflatoxin Free Storage ofAgricultural Commodities", J. Food Sci. 52, 497(1987)

Sharma, Arun and Padwal-Desai, S.R. "Detection andEstimation of Aflatoxin in Foods and Feeds", Proc. ofthe Second National Symposium on Recent Trends in theAnalysis of Foods, Drugs and Pharmaceuticals, Bombay,76(1987)

Bhatia, Anita, Parte, M.N., Ghanekar, A.S., Sharma,Arun and Padwal-Desai, S.R. "Microbial Aspects ofStored Indian Spices", Proc. of 4th Indian Convention ofFood Scientists and Technologists, p. 17, Mysore, June1987

Ghadi, S.V., Warrier, S.B. and Ninjoor, V. "Preparationand Properties of Fish Protein Hydrolysate from Dhoma,an Underutilised Fish", Proc. Diverfication of Post-Harvest Technology for Low Cost Fish, p. 239, CIFT,Cochin, 1987

Scott, R.P., Ninjoor, V. and Srivastava, P.N. "Isolationand Characterization of Cathepsin B From Rabbit testes",J. Reprod. Fert. 71, 6779(1987)

Ninjoor, V. and Srivastava, P.N. "Partial Purification andProperties of Lysosomes from Rabbit Testes", Anderlogia,19, 80(1987)

Doke, S.N. and Ninjoor, V. "Characteristics of an AlkalineProteinase and Exopeptidase From Shrimp (Penaeus in-dicus) Muscle", J. Food Sci. 52, 1203(1987)

Venugopal, V., Alur, M.D. and Nerkar, D.P. "PartialDeodourization of Low Priced Fish Meat and Some ofIts Applications", Proceedings of Symposium on Diver-sification of Post Harvest Technology for Low Cost Fish,Society of Fisheries Technologists, p. 149, Cochin, March1987

Bandekar, J.R. and Nerkar, D.P. "Antitumor Activity ofVibrio parahamemolyticus LPS", Microbiol Immunol. 34,675(1987)

Bandekar, J.R. and Nerkar, D.P. "Stimulation ofBiochemical Activities and Phagocytosis of Macrophagesby V. parahaemolyticus IPS", Microbiol. Immunol. 31,683(1987)

Venugopal, V., Alur, M.D. and Nerkar, D.P. "StorageStability of Non Packaged Irradiated Indian Mackerel(Rastrelliger Kangurta) in Ice", J. Food Sci. 52,507(1987)


Mullick, R.S., Adhikari, H.R. and Vakil, U.K."Alterations in Lipid Profiles of Rat Liver Plasma andLysosomal Membranes and Defective Phagolysosome For-mation in Vitamin A Deficiency", International Sym-posium on Biochemical Role of Eukaryotic CellMembranes, New Delhi, Jan. 1987 (Abstract)

Rao, V.S. and Vakil, U.K. "Studies on Gamma-irradiatedWheat with Special Reference to Improving the BakingQuality of Wheat", Souvenier of the Bakery Demonstra-tion Workshop, p. 26, Tirunelvelli, Nov. 1987 (InvitedPaper)

Pednekar, M.D., Gandhi, S.R. and Netrawali, M.S."Effect of a Single Exposure of Organophosphorous In-secticide, Phosalone on Sexual Life Cycle of Algachlamyodomonas reinhardtii", Environment. Interna-tional 13, 219(1987)

Pednekar, M.D., Gandhi, S.R. and Netrawali, M.S."Evaluation of Mutagenic Activities of Endosulfan,Phosalone, Malathion and Permethrin, Before and AfterMetabolic Activation in the Ames Salmonella Test", En-viron. Contain. Toxicol. 38, 925(1987)

Deshpande, A., D'Souza, S.F. and Nadkarni, G.B."Immobilised D-amino Oxidase of TrigonopsisVariabilis", Proc. 56th Annual Meeting of the SBC(I),Tirupati, Dec. 1987

Melo, J.S. and D'Souza, S.F. "Immobilization of Enzymeon Pellicular Supports", ibid.

Deshpande, A., D'Souza, S.F. and Nadkarni, G.B."Immobilization of Microbial Cells in Gelatine UsingGamma-irradiation", Indian J. Biochem. Biophys. 23,355(1986)

D'Souza, S.F., Deshpande, A., Godbole, S.S. andNadkarni, G.B. "Immobilized Yeast System for ChemicalProduction", Yeast Biotechnology, p. 96, Eds. Vashisat,R.K. and Tauro, P., HAW Press, 1986

Melo, J.S., D'Souza, S.F. and Nadkarni, G.B. "OcimumBacilicum Seeds as a Pellicular Support for Immobiliz-ing Enzymes", Biotechnol. Lett. 8, 885(1986)

Deshpande, A., D'Souza, S.F. and Nadkarni, G.B. "Co-immobilization of D-amino Acid Oxidase and Catalaseby Entrapment of Trigonopsis Variabilis in RadiationPolymerized Polyacrylamide Beads", J. Biosci. 11,137(1987)

Deshpande, A., Sankaran, K., D'Souza, S.F. andNadkarni, G.B. "A Rapid Method for the Purification ofD-amino Acid Oxidase of Trigonopsis Variabilis byHydrophobic t hromatography", Biotechnol. Techniques

1, 55(1987)

D'Souza, Si7., Deshpande, A. and Nadkarni, G.B. "Effectof Permeabilization of the Thermostability of Catalasein Immobilized Yeast Cells", Biotechnol. Lett. 9,625(1987)

D'Souza, S.F. "Immobilized Biocatalysts in Food andPharmaceutical Industries", AFSTNews Letter, Dec. 1987

Rao, B.Y.K. and Bandyopadhyay, C. "Changes in MuscleLipid Composition of White Pomfret (Stromateuscinereus) During Ice Temperature Storage", J. Food Sci.Technol. 23, 334(1986)

Nair, N., Moghe, S.H., Noronha, O.P.D. and Rao, R.S."Auxiliary Lympho-scintigraphy", Ind. J. Radiology andImaging 41, 87(1987)

Noronha, O.P.D. "In-house Production and Control ofa Few "Tc-radiopharmaceuticals", Appl. Radiat. isot(Int J. Radiat. Appl. Instrum. Part A) 37, 1150(1986)

D'Souza, N.B., Kulkarni, A.B. and Nadkarni, G.D."Effect of Egg as a Sole Diet on Hepatic Lipid perOxidation and Related Defence System in the Rat", Ind.J. Biochem Biophys. 24, 111(1987)

Ramamoorthy, N., Shetye, S.V., Par.dey, Eft!., Mani, R.S.,Patel, M.C., Patel, R.B., Ramanathan, P., Krishna, B.A.and Sharma, S.M. "Preparation and Evaluation of ""Tc(V) DMSA Complex: Studies in Medullary Carcinoma ofThyroid", Eur. J. Nucl. Med. 12, 623(1987)

Dandekar, S.R., Shah, D.H., Naik, S.S. and Ganapathi,R. "Serodiagnosis of Leprosy with PGL-I Using ELISATechnique", Ind. J. Med. Res. 85, 597(1987)

Thakare, U.R., Shah, D.H. and Vijayan, U. "IncreasedThymidine Kinase Level in Fibrosarcoma of Swiss MiceTreated with Thyroxine", Ind. J. Clin. Biochem. 2,60(1987)

Samuel, A.M. and Vidwans, A.S. "RadionuclideScintigraphy of the Brain and Ultrasound Studies inTubercular Maningitis", Cin. Nucl. Med. 12, 298(1987)

Samuel, A.M., Desai, M.P. and Colaco, M.P. "ThyroidDisorders in Children", Ind. Peiat. 24, 319(1987)

Rajan, M.G.R. and Samuel, A.M. "Two Step RIA for theFree T3 in Serum", Clin. Biochem. 33, 372(1987)

Ashtekar, M.D., Dhalla, A.S., Mazarello, B.M.S. andSamuel, A.M. "A Study of Myco TB Antigen andAntibody in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood in TuberculosMeninges", Clin. Imm. Immunopathi 45, 29(1987)

Joseph, L.J., Desai, K.B., Mehta, M.N., Patel, M.C.,Samuel, A.M. and Ganatra, R.D. "Increased Sensitivity


of THiodothyronine Antibodies /or Radioimmunoassay Joseph, L.J., Desai, K.R, Patel, M.C., Mehta, M.N. andAfter Removal of Endogenous Antigen by Simple Ganatra, R.D. "Thyroid Function and Thyrotropin LevelsLaboratory Procedures", Nucl. Med. Biol. (Int. J. Radiat. in Rabbits Immunised to Produce Antibodies AgainstApp2. Instrum. Part B) 14, 153(1987) Thyroid Harmones", Nucl. Med. Biol. (Int. J. Radiat.

Appl. Instrum. Part B) 14, 522(1987)


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BARC annual report 1987

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