Better Rice Initiative Asia (BRIA)

Results Presentation For : Bayer CropScience Phils., GIZ and Yara Phils.

December 2014

Better Rice Initiative Asia (BRIA) A Baseline Situation Assessment of Rice Farmers

2

Contents

Introduction

Background of the Study

Objectives of the Study

Survey Specifications and Distribution of Interviews

Executive Summary

Detailed Findings

Farm Profile

Baseline Results on Key Performance Indicator No. 1




Farmers Attitude Towards Rice Farming and Crop Protection Usage

Women Participation in Rice Farming

Conclusion and Recommendation

Background and Objectives of the Study

Background and Aim of the Study

Eradication of extreme poverty and hunger is the first commitment of The Millennium Development

Goals. Farmers participation on this is clear but they also represent one-half of its poor.

The Department of Agriculture (DA), as part of its Food Staples Sufficiency Program (FSSP) 2011 –

2016, laid out its aggressive participation to food security and raising rural incomes with main focus on

rice. FSSP’s key strategies and interventions are: 1) Raise productivity and competitiveness; 2)

Enhance economic incentives and enabling mechanisms; and 3) Manage food staples consumption.

Towards the challenges faced by the Philippine rice sector, the BRIA project of Bayer CropScience

Phils., GIZ and Yara Phils. aims to support the vision on a competitive, sustainable and technology-

based agricultural sector supported by efficient value chains which contributes to inclusive growth and

poverty reduction.

The project is launched in Maria Aurora, Southern Leyte and Iloilo where maximum impact on the

development of the rice sector is foreseen with the help of BRIA strategies.

Kleffmann Group (KG), therefore, is commissioned by Bayer CropScience Phils. to conduct the MR

study covering Better Rice Initiative Asia (BRIA) - Philippines baseline situation assessment, monitoring

and post-training evaluation of target rice farmers in Maria Aurora, Southern Leyte and Iloilo.

4

5

Better Education and Training

Strengthening of capacities of local

extension service, i.e., LGUs and DA, providers

Improvement of farmer access to extension

services.

Better Rice Production

Introduction of enhanced farming technology

concepts from seed to harvest.

Focus on farming activities such as land preparation, planting,

crop care and harvesting.

Better Market Access

Support farmer organizations’ formation, improve market and price

information.

Link farmers to retailers

BRIA Philippines Priority Activities

Fostering Agriculture and Rice Marketing by Improved Education and Rural Advisory Services

(FARMERS)

Research Objectives

This should measure the success of the initiative through the achievement of the key performance indicators

(KPIs) presented on the succeeding slide.

Post: Was the training effective in changing the behavior of participating rice farmers?

Measures the farmers’:

• farming know-how, skills, practice, income and yield; and

• needs, aspirations and training wants.

What is the baseline status of the target farmers?

This should assess changes: progress or the lack of it among the surveyed farmers year on year from 2015 to

2017.

How do farmers utilize the learning from the BRIA program?

6

Research Objectives

The success of the training shall be evaluated based on the following KPIs:

70% of AEWs, lead farmers & private service providers applied their knowledge on value chains,

basic agriculture, rice specific farming techniques and employed enhanced methods on training

delivery.

80% of 8,000 advised farmers achieved 20% yield and 15 income increase in rice production

compared to the provincial agricultural average.

40% of 8,000 advised farmers confirmed an enhanced knowledge on the local rice market and its

marketing channels; and

20% increase in formal long-term agreements between advised farmers and retailers considering

risk management options and micro-insurance.

7

METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH

Research Phases

Since this BRIA program will run for four years the market research initiative shall run in three phases as

follows:

PHASE 1

PRE-LAUNCH

SURVEY

(Baseline)

PHASE 2

MONITORING

SURVEY

(Dipstick)

PHASE 3

POST-LAUNCH

SURVEY

(Impact

Assessment)

Timeline 2014 2015 and 2016 August 2017

Objectives Establish baseline

status of farmers

Monitor and check

progress of surveyed

farmers

Assess the

effectiveness of the

program

This presentation focuses on Phase 1: Pre-Launch Survey (Baseline)

8

Survey Specifications & Distribution of Interviews

9

Country Philippines

Data Collection Method Face-to-Face Interview

Sample Size N=450

Cut-off Size in Hectares Minimum 1 hectare

Maximum 10 hectares

Fieldwork Schedule October 2014

Fieldwork Agency KLEFFMANN GROUP

Province *2013 Irrigated

Rice Area

**Ave. Crop

Size

Iloilo [N=150] 110,755 ha 3.4 ha

Aurora [N=150] 20,579 ha 3.7 ha

Southern Leyte

[N=150] 19,039 ha 1.4 ha

TOTAL [N=450] 150,373 ha 2.8 ha

Aurora

Iloilo

Southern

Leyte

*Based on BAS 2013 Statistics

**Based on surveyed farms

Detailed Findings

Detailed Findings: Farm Profile

12

Farm Size

BASE: Total Sample: Aurora N=150; Iloilo N=150; Southern Leyte N=150

Q8. What is the total size of your farm?

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

1) 1 - 1.5 ha

2) 1.51 - 2 ha

3) 2.01 - 5 ha

4) 5.01 ha & above

13%

13%

47%

27%

29%

12%

39%

20%

49%

14% 29%

8%

Aurora Iloilo Southern Leyte

Ave: 2.5 ha

Ave: 3.4 ha

Ave: 4.3 ha

Aurora growers have highest land holding by average

13

Other Crops Grown


*Crops with less than 1% mention not shown.

Q9. Other than rice, what other crops do you grow in your farm?; Q10. What is the size of the land cultivated with [crop in Q9]?

Iloilo rice growers are single crop producers.

3,7 2,3

0,6 0,3

100%

23%

1% 1% 0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

4,0

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Incidence

Rate % Ave. Area

(in ha)

AURORA

3,4

1,3

0,5

1,0

100%

3% 2% 1% 0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

4,0

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

ILOILO Incidence

Rate % Ave. Area

(in ha)

1,4 1,7

0,6 1,0 0,3

2,6

0,4

100%

55%

3% 2% 2%

1% 1% 0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

4,0

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

SOUTHERN LEYTE Incidence

Rate % Ave. Area

(in ha)

Owned; 38%

36%

23%

3% 0%

Not Owned,

62%

ILOILO

14

Rice Farm Ownership

BASE: Total Sample. % Based on Sum of Rice Area of Interviewed Farms: Aurora N=553.85 ha; Iloilo N=505.1 ha; Southern Leyte N=214.81 ha

Q13. In total [rice farm size in Q5], how many / what size is owned by?; Q14. You mentioned that you own the [answer in Q13], what about the status of the rest of your rice farm? Do you rent it, you act as caretaker/maintainer or others?

Rice farmers augment land by renting from others; to some extent tending land for others for additional income.

Owned; 57%

20%

16%

6% 1%

Not Owned,

43%

AURORA

Owned; 53%

27%

15%

5% 0%

Not Owned,

47%

SOUTHERN LEYTE

This section provides baseline information on farmers’ farming knowledge (via actual practices), sources and

media of influences.

Actual information on AEWs shall be provided by BCS.

Detailed Findings: Baseline Info for KPI #1

1 What is the level of farming knowledge of farmers before the BRIA

program?

Which areas / specific information will need stronger emphasis to farmers

during the education program? What are their other sources of influences?

How open are farmers to farming technologies?

What is the level of influence of the AEWs in the farmers’ education &

farming practices currently?

What communication channels do farmers utilize? How is best to reach

them?

“70% of AEWs, lead farmers and private service providers applied their

knowledge on value chains, basic agriculture, rice specific farming

techniques and employed enhanced methods on training delivery.”

16

Farming Knowledge Evaluation Results

Baseline farming knowledge across all areas is below 50%.

Growers registered low proper rice farming knowledge on almost all subjects. But they are armed with proper know-how on land preparation.

BASE: Total Sample : Aurora N=150; Iloilo N=150; Southern Leyte N=150

63 64 66

43 43 41

27 23 27

0

20

40

60

80

100

Aurora Iloilo S. Leyte

Diagnostics Results – Max, Average and Min Scores Perfect Score: 100 points

Max

Average

Min

% of Farmers with at

least 50% total score 14% 19% 12%

9

8

9

17

17

16

0

0

0

6

7

5

11

12

11

Aurora

Iloilo

Southern Leyte

Average Diagnostics Scores per Subject Crop Stages [Total Score=32]

Land Preparation [Total=23]

Planting/Transplanting [Total Score=4]

Nutrient Management [Total Score=17]

Irrigation [Total Score=24]

BRIA training across all areas priority should be in this order: Planting/Transplanting, Crop Stages, Nutrient

Management, Irrigation, and Land Preparation.

17

Diagnostics Scores Calculation

Crop Stages

• Farmers can describe the physiological/biological changes happening on rice plant as growth progresses.

Most of them mention 8 stages based on these changes. However, they lack familiarity on proper

nomenclature. They can only correctly name 2-3 growth stages.

• In Aurora, 71% and 57% of farmers can name panicle initiation to booting and mature grain,

respectively; and

• 61% of respondents in Iloilo and 77% in Southern Leyte can identify flowering stage.

• Emphasis on proper naming would eventually help farmers to identify easily the critical periods and the

specific needs (i.e., inputs such as fertilizer and agrochemicals, water supply, etc.) during the life cycle of rice.

SECTION/QUESTION # BEST PRACTICE POINTS HOW TO ASSIGN THE POINTS

A. CROP STAGES

Q20 - Stages

Germination to emergence 3.2

Each correct stage to be mentioned will earn

3.2 points, regardless of the order.

Seedling 3.2

Tillering 3.2

Stem elongation 3.2

Panicle initiation to booting 3.2

Heading 3.2

Flowering 3.2

Milk grain 3.2

Dough grain 3.2

Mature grain 3.2

TOTAL POINTS - A. CROP STAGES 32 Perfect score for this stage is 32 points

18


Land Preparation

• BRIA should give emphasis on the benefits of preparing the field 3-4 weeks rather than 1-2 weeks before

planting/transplanting. They may highlight that a 3-4 weeks window would give ample time for

decomposition and soil nutrient recovery.

• Reinforce in Iloilo the concept and advantages of performing weeding. Only 58% of their farmers practice

weeding.

• With only 60% of Southern Leyte practices construction of small canals, BRIA training should underline its

importance on water management, i.e., irrigation and proper water drainage.


B. LAND PREPARATION

Q23 - Number of days before planting when

perform land preparation

3-4 weeks before planting 5

Farmer may answer either 3 or 4 weeks to

earn 5 points. Other answers will earn no

point.

Q24/25 - Land Preparation Practices

Plowing 3

Each correct practice to be mentioned will

earn 3 points.

Weeding 3

Clean and repair dikes and

ditches 3

Harrowing 3

Levelling 3

Constructing small canals 3

TOTAL POINTS - B. LAND PREPARATION 23 Perfect score for this stage is 23 points

19


Planting/Transplanting

• 60% of Aurora and 68% of Iloilo farmers plant in high density; while 43% of Southern Leyte farmers plant in

low density. Training should stress the significance of practicing proper plant spacing in harvest productivity.

• In relation to this, farmers in Aurora and Iloilo consume high average quantity of rice seeds,148 kg. and 130

kg. inbred seeds, respectively.

• There is low hybrid seed usage (Aurora= 4%; Iloilo 11%; and Southern Leyte 40%). BRIA could be a good

channel to promote hybridization..


D. PLANTING / TRANSPLANTING

Q40 - Average Plant Spacing Farmer may answer the plant spacing

either for direct seeding or for transplanting.

Not required to answer both planting

method. If answered the correct spacing in

any of the two method, will earn 4 points.

Direct Seeding

20 cm (rows) x 20 cm

(column/line) 4

Transplanting

20 cm (rows) x 20 cm

(column/line)

TOTAL POINTS - D. PLANTING / TRANSPLANTING 4 Perfect score for this stage is 4 points

20


Nutrient Management

• Ideally, farmers should apply fertilizer 3-4 times on the entire life cycle of rice, i.e., seedling, tillering,

panicle initiation to booting, and flowering stages. However, on the average, farmers apply only twice.

• Across all areas, growers apply fertilizer during seedling and tillering stages;

• For those who practice 3rd and 4th application, most of them carry-out fertilization during tillering and

stem elongation.

• BRIA should emphasize the implication of proper timing of fertilizer application on crop growth and

development, and yield.


E. NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT

Q43 - Frequency of Fertilizer Application 3-4 times for the whole cropping

season 5

Farmer may answer either 3 or 4 times to

earn 5 points. Other answers will earn no

point.

Q44 - Crop Growth Stages When

Application of Fertilizer Is Done

Seedling 3

Each correct stage to be mentioned will earn

3 points, regardless of the order.

Tillering 3

Panicle Initiation 3

Flowering 3

TOTAL POINTS - E. NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT 17 Perfect score for this stage is 16 points

21


Irrigation

• Typically, rice field should maintain 3-5 cm water level. But based on the average across all areas,

• Aurora: 5.4 to 9 cm

• Iloilo: 4.0 to 8.2 cm

• Southern Leyte: 4.4- 6.1 cm, farmers do not maintain proper water level.

• The training module for farmers should stress the ideal water level per growth stage and its implication on

land preparation (i.e., ease of plowing and land levelling) and physiology (i.e., root development, plant

growth and development) of the rice plant.


G. IRRIGATION

Q72/Q74 - Crop Growth Stages When

Farmer Irrigate Rice Farm and Water

Level on Rice Farm Each correct stage + correct water level, will

earn 3 points. If farmer only got the correct

stage but incorrect water level, will earn only

1.5. But if farmer only got the correct water

level but incorrect stage, no point will be

earned.

Germination 3-5 cm 3

Seedling 3-5 cm 3

Tillering 3-5 cm 3

Stem elongation 3-5 cm 3

Panicle initiation to booting 3-5 cm 3

Heading 3-5 cm 3

Flowering 3-5 cm 3

Milk grain 3-5 cm 3

TOTAL POINTS - G. IRRIGATION 24 Perfect score for this stage is 24 points

22

Sources of Information - Aurora

BASE: Total Sample : Aurora [ N=150]. Multiple Answers

67%

59%

27%

25%

28%

22%

25%

11%

24%

Co-farmer

Government/DA

Company technician

Farmer meetings

Retailers/Financiers/…

Demo by company

Seed producer

Farmer leader

Others

Rice Seeds

Q124. Which of these are your top 3 sources of information on RICE SEEDS?; Q125. Which of these are your top 3 sources of information on CROP PROTECTION?; Q124. Which of these are your top 3 sources of information about RICE PRODUCTION METHODS such as new technology, process, method of planting, etc.?

69%

54%

51%

29%

25%

19%

10%

7%

14%

Crop Protection Products

71%

63%

39%

33%

11%

21%

7%

13%

19%

Rice Production Methods

24%

20% 14%

10%

7% 7% 5%

12%

Top 3 Sources of Information

Co-farmer

Government/DA

Company technician

Farmer meetings

Retailers/Financiers/Traders

Demo by company

Seed producer

Others

In Aurora, fellow farmers and extension workers are most important sources of information for farmers. Company

technicians are also significant contributor especially in CP.

The best way to influence farmers would be through leader farmers and AEWs.

23

Sources of Information - Iloilo

BASE: Total Sample : Iloilo [N=150]. Multiple Answers

83%

70%

37%

16%

16%

19%

25%

18%

Government/DA

Co-farmer

Farmer meetings

Company technician

Demo by company

Cooperative

Seed producer

Others

Rice Seeds


75%

70%

37%

28%

19%

12%

10%

22%


77%

65%

37%

23%

17%

15%

9%

50%


It appears that government extension workers are more accessible in Iloilo than in Aurora.

23%

26%

7%

12%

6%

5% 6%

5% 10%


Co-farmerGovernment/DACompany technicianFarmer meetingsRetailers/Financiers/TradersDemo by companySeed producerRadio AdCooperativeOthers (<5% mentions)

24

Sources of Information - Southern Leyte

BASE: Total Sample : Southern Leyte [N=150]. Multiple Answers

93%

77%

27%

17%

16%

27%

14%

17%

Government/DA

Co-farmer

Farmer meetings

Company technician

Demo by company

Seed producer

Retailers/Financiers/…

Others

Rice Seeds


90%

73%

23%

31%

25%

14%

19%

15%


95%

77%

29%

19%

17%

14%

16%

21%


Just like in Iloilo, extension workers in Southern Leyte has wider reach in Southern Leyte.

26%

32% 8%

9%

6%

7%

6% 7%


Co-farmer

Government/DA

Company technician

Farmer meetings

Retailers/Financiers/Traders

Demo by company

Seed producer

Others (<5% mentions)

25

33%

26%

46%

59%

15%

13%

3%

1%

3%

1%

Private AEW

Gov't AEW

Satisfaction Rating with AEWs

1–means very satisfied 2-quite satisfied3-cannot say 4-quite dissatisfied5-very dissatisfied

Farmer Trainers Who Visited in the Past 12 Months and

Topics Discussed - Aurora

* Less than 10% mentions not shown

Q127. Which among this list visited you in the past 12 months? Which else?; Q129. What did the (ANSWER in Q127) share to you when he/she visited you in your rice farm or house? What else?; Q130. How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with the topics or knowledge shared with you by (ANSWER in Q127)? Let us use the scale from 1 to 5, where “1- means very satisfied”, “2- quite satisfied”, “3- cannot say”, “4-quite dissatisfied”, “5- very dissatisfied.”

47%

25% 23%

10%

Governmentextension

worker

Privatecompanyextension

worker

Not visited bytrainer

Don't know /no answer

Farmer Trainers Who Visited in the Past 12 months

Freq. of Visit:

2.9x per year

Freq. of Visit:

2.5x per year

BASE: Total Sample Aurora [N=150]. Multiple Answers BASE: Total Visited by AEW [N=113]. Multiple Answers

44%

24% 21% 13%

1% 28% 8% 59% 5% 26%

Seeds FarmManagement

Crop Protection Crop Nutrition Farm Demo

Main Topics Discussed

Gov't AEW Private AEW

Ave.

1.9

1.9

26


Topics Discussed - Iloilo Q127. Which among this list visited you in the past 12 months? Which else?; Q129. What did the (ANSWER in Q127) share to you when he/she visited you in your rice farm or house? What

else?; Q130. How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with the topics or knowledge shared with you by (ANSWER in Q127)? Let us use the scale from 1 to 5, where “1- means very satisfied”, “2- quite satisfied”, “3- cannot say”, “4-quite dissatisfied”, “5- very dissatisfied.”

36%

21%

49%

Governmentextension worker

Private companyextension worker



. In Iloilo, training seems more comprehensive

Freq. of Visit:

2.5x per year

Freq. of Visit:

2.5x per year

BASE: Total Sample Iloilo [N=150]. Multiple Answers BASE: Total Visited by AEW [N=95]. Multiple Answers

39%

20%

39%

72%

19%

6%

3%

2%

Private AEW

Gov't AEW



44%

22% 22%

6% 13% 61% 10% 13%

Seeds Crop Protection Farm Management Farm Demo



Ave.

1.9

1.9


27


Topics Discussed - Southern Leyte Q127. Which among this list visited you in the past 12 months? Which else?; Q129. What did the (ANSWER in Q127) share to you when he/she visited you in your rice farm or house? What

else?; Q130. How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with the topics or knowledge shared with you by (ANSWER in Q127)? Let us use the scale from 1 to 5, where “1- means very satisfied”, “2- quite satisfied”, “3- cannot say”, “4-quite dissatisfied”, “5- very dissatisfied.”

21%

5%

61%

13%

Governmentextension

worker

Privatecompanyextension

worker


Don't know /no answer


Freq. of Visit:

1.9x per year

Freq. of Visit:

1.9x per year

BASE: Total Sample S. Leyte [N=150]. Multiple Answers BASE: Total Visited by AEW [N=42]. Multiple Answers


25%

13%

25%

45% 10%

50%

26% 3%

Private AEW

Gov't AEW



35% 23%

88% 25%

Seeds Crop Protection



Ave.

2.6

2.8

28

Training /Education Exposure in Past 12 Months - Aurora

Q131. Which of the following training topics have you attended in the past 12 months? Which else?; Q132. Who conducted/provided the training about (ANSWER in Q131), which you attended in the past 12 months? Who else? ; Q133. From whom or where did you learn about the training for (ANSWER in Q131), which you attended in the past 12 months? Where else?;

Half of farmers have no exposure to farming education in the past 12 months. For those who received trainings, about 7 of 10 farmers apply the

knowledge they learned.

Base: Total Sample: Aurora [N=150]

Aurora farmers would need refresher courses in all aspects of rice production: planting culture, crop protection and

nutrition, rice seeds classification and harvest management.

D.K./N.A. 78

52%

No 1%

1 topic 35%

2-4 topics 10% 5-8 topics 2%

Yes 47%

Whether Attended Trainings in the P12M

Ave. 1.5

5%

14%

14%

15%

18%

20%

24%

25%

50%

CP application [N=20]

Good agricultural practices [N=7]

Modern agricultural practices…

Use of fertilizer [N=13]

Rice seed type and…

Soil and nutrient management…

Planting culture / method /…

Harvest Management [N=4]

Marketing [N=2]

Trainings Attended but Did Not Apply the Information

Trainings Attended & Facilitators of the Trainings TOTAL Dept. Agri

(DA)

Co.

Technician PhilRice

Base: Those Who Attended the Training in the P12M 70

Planting culture / method / establishment on rice 30% 38% 24% 24%

Crop protection application on rice 29% 20% 65% 0%

Rice seed type and classification 24% 35% 29% 24%

Use of fertilizer on rice 19% 69% 15% 0%

Modern agricultural practices 10% 57% 0% 29%

Good agricultural practices 10% 71% 0% 29%

Soil and nutrient management on rice 7% 60% 0% 20%

Harvest Management 6% 75% 0% 25%

Irrigation process on rice 6% 100% 0% 0%

Growth stages of rice 4% 33% 0% 67%

Marketing 3% 50% 0% 50%

Financial Management 1% 0% 0% 100%

Most of the reasons for not applying

the information

learned from the trainings are:

Used to follow the traditional

way, what they inherited from

the elders

The information communicated

is not applicable or appropriate

in the area

Lack of resources, such as

machineries and capital

No physical proof that the

system or method is a success

29

Training /Education Exposure in Past 12 Months - Iloilo


Base: Total Sample: Iloilo [N=150]

D.K./N.A. 47%

No 9%

1 topic 16%

2-4 topics 8%

5-8 topics 5%

>8 topics 15%

Yes 44%


Ave. 5.6


(DA) PhilRice

Co.

Technician Base: Those Who Attended the Training in the P12M 66











Marketing 32% 86% 5% 0%


In Iloilo, only 2 growers who did not

apply the information they learned from

the trainings they attended in the

P12M. Basically because the

information communicated to them is

not applicable or appropriate to their

local situation.

Similar to Aurora, only 4 of 10 growers participated in trainings in the P12M, but for those who attended, they are exposed to more training topics and

almost all have applied the knowledge they learned in their actual farming.

30

Training /Education Exposure in Past 12 Months – S. Leyte


Base: Total Sample: S. Leyte [N=150]

D.K./N.A. 62%

No 4%

1 topic 10%

2-4 topics 13%

5-8 topics 3%

>8 topics 8%

Yes 35%


Ave. 4.8

3% 3%

7% 7% 8%

10% 15%

18% 25% 25%

27%

CP application [N=33]Use of fertilizer [N=30]

Rice seed type and classification…Growth stages [N=14]

Planting culture / method /…Good agricultural practices [N=20]

Modern agricultural practices [N=13]Soil and nutrient management…Harvest Management [N=12]

Marketing [N=12]Financial Management [N=11]

Trainings Attended but Did Not Apply the Information


(DA)

Co.

Technician

Agri-

Leads Base: Those Who Attended the Training in the P12M 52









Marketing 23% 83% 8% 8%




Most of the reasons for not applying

the information

learned from the trainings are:

They plan or decide on their

own

Their farm is too small to

implement the information they

learned (e.g., use of

machineries, use of inputs),

Lack of resources, such as

machineries and capital

The information communicated

is not applicable or appropriate

in the area

Among the three provinces, S. Leyte has the least number of growers who attended trainings about farm management.

BRIA should exert effort in pursuing farmers to attend trainings on financial management, marketing and harvest

management, so farmers would be able to see and appreciate more that farming is also a business.

31

Sources of Information About the Trainings Being Offered

Q133. From whom or where did you learn about the training for (ANSWER in Q131), which you attended in the past 12 months? Where else?;

Base: Total Who Attended the Training in the P12M: Aurora N=70; Iloilo N=66; S. Leyte N=52

Dept. of agriculture and barangay officials are the main promoters of the trainings being offered to farmers, though in S. Leyte, co-farmers also play

an important role in relaying the information about the upcoming trainings.

29%

39%

6% 3%

10% 10% 32% 29%

9% 21%

5% 3%

48%

21%

31%

13%

4% 2%

Department ofAgriculture (DA)

Brgy. Official Co-farmers D.K./N.A. Companytechnician

Invitation


32

Technology Adoption

Q122. Which of the following statements best describes your adoption of new planting methods/technology/products, etc. for RICE cultivation? Q123. What new farming technology or knowledge for RICE production do you want to see or want to achieve in the future? What else?

69% 52%

88%

24% 43%

11% 7% 5% 1%


Technology Adoption Statement

No matter how good it is, I am not interested to try new plantingmethods/ technology/ products, etc.; I have budget con

I will try new planting methods/ technology/ products, etc. afteralmost all RICE farmers in my village tried it

I am usually one of the earliest (before other RICE farmers havetried them) to adopt new planting methods/ technology/

43%

18%

17%

17%

Improved CP product

Planting/Transplanting machine

Harvesting machine

Don't know / No answer

Aurora

13%

12%

11%

66%

Improved CP product

Harvesting machine



Iloilo

31%

22%

19%

17%

15%

30%

Harvesting machine


Mechanical sprayer

Improved CP product

Plowing machine


Southern Leyte

New Farming

Technology Multiple Answers

Majority claim to be early technology adopters. Farmers desire to see innovative CP products and planting/transplanting equipment for their farms.


Bayer may take advantage of farmers receptiveness on embracing innovative products. Development of labor-

saving machineries is also anticipated.

High incidence of

Iloilo farmers who

are unsure of new

farming

technology they

want for the future

33

Practice of Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

Q122. Which of the following statements best describes your adoption of new planting methods/technology/products, etc. for RICE cultivation? Q147. Do you practice Integrated Pest Management in your rice farm?

There is low adoption of IPM across all areas.


Whether Practice Integrated Pest Management

(IPM)

25%

75%

29%

71%

23%

77%

Aurora Iloilo Southern

Leyte

34

Information on Telecom Use

Q148. Which of the following equipment do you have at home? Which else?

91% 88%

72%

62%

85%

68% 67% 73%

43%

31%

19%

48%

13% 11% 11% 11% 13% 8%


Communication Channels Ownership

Cellular phone Radio T.V. without cable T.V. with cable Computer without Internet Computer with Internet

BASE: Total Sample : Aurora N=150; Iloilo N=150; Southern Leyte N=150. Multiple Answers

The best media to reach farmers would be mobile phones, radio and TV.

BRIA may explore using these top media to reach more farmers. It would also be good to explore more on media

utilization during the dipstick survey in 2015.

35

Section Summary: KPI #1

What is the level of farming knowledge of farmers before the BRIA program? Which areas / specific

information will need stronger emphasis to farmers during the education program?

Looking at farmers’ current practices, the BRIA project will be a timely initiative for farmer education and

behavior modification.

Below are specific areas where there are inconsistencies between what farmers do and what is best practice

as indicated by PhilRice:

Although most of the trainings farmers attended are about planting culture, the diagnostics results show that

reinforcement or follow-up on this topic is necessary.

“70% of AEWs, lead farmers and private service providers applied their knowledge on value chains, basic agriculture,

rice specific farming techniques and employed enhanced methods on training delivery.”

What farmers do What is best practice/standard

Refer to crop stages by physical/visual changes/description Identify specific growth stage

Field preparation 1-2 weeks before planting/transplanting Field preparation 3-4weeks before planting/transplanting

Plant at high density (i.e., 15 cm x 21 cm.,14 cm x 13 cm, and

8 cm. x 8 cm.) or at low density (i.e., 28 cm. x 28 cm and 24

cm. x 24 cm.)

Ideal plant spacing is 20 cm. x 20 cm.

Apply fertilizer twice- during seedling and tillering stages Apply fertilizer 3 to 4 times- during seedling, tillering, panicle

initiation, and flowering stages

High average water level from germination to milk grain stage:

Aurora: 5.4- 9 cm.

Iloilo: 4.0- 8.2 cm.

Southern Leyte: 4.4-6.1 cm.

Water level from germination to milk grain should be maintained

at 3-5 cm.

36

Section Summary: Baseline for KPI #1

What is the level of farming knowledge of farmers before the BRIA program? Which areas / specific

information will need stronger emphasis to farmers during the education program?

Aurora register low trainings attended during the past 12 months; while in Iloilo and Southern Leyte farmers

are have fairly high attendance on planting culture trainings.

Future trainings for Aurora should cover all the relevant topics in rice farming, from planting culture to

harvesting/post-harvest. Efforts to ensure high attendance will be necessary.

In Iloilo and Southern Leyte, more focus on topics such as rice seeds classification and water management.

What is the level of influence of the AEWs in the farmers’ education & farming practices currently? What

are their other sources of influences?

Government extension workers’ influence on farmers are apparent. Despite low incidence of farmers visited

by AEWs in the past 12 months, at least 6 out of 10 farmers would give credit to AEWs for their knowledge of

seeds, crop protection and rice production methods.

Besides the AEWs, fellow farmers (most likely, leader farmers) are either first or second top sources of

information. Companies and technicians are third on the lead.



37


What is the level of influence of the AEWs in the farmers’ education & farming practices currently? What

are their other sources of influences?

This shows that Bayer (with Yara and GIZ) is right in partnering with the government, tapping the AEWs and

lead farmers in educating the farmers. This partnership somehow extend the reach of the company

technicians.

What communication channels do farmers utilize? How is best to reach them?

In informing the farmers about trainings, the barangay council has been most instrumental, besides the

technicians.

Cellular phones, radio, and T.V. are the top appliances/gadgets present at every household. This can be a

secondary means of diffusing information, i.e., follow-up and monitoring.

How open are the farmers to farming technologies?

Majority are technology adopters. Most of them anticipate a more improved crop protection products and

farming implements.

Bayer can take advantage of this anticipation by checking adoption of its products and evaluating motivators

and barriers to adoption of its various products and technologies.

Although most are adopters, IPM practice is still on the low-end of the IPM continuum.



“80% of 8,000 advised farmers achieved 20% yield and 15% income

increase in rice production compared to the provincial average.”


2 What is the average yield of farmers? How far is it from their ideal

yield?

Do farmers keep financial records?

How much is cost of production per hectare? Is there any discrepancy

between what they know they spend versus what they actually spent?

What about income?

What do they have to learn on this aspect?

This section establishes current yield and income of farmers. This will be the reference if the BRIA program can

improve the lives of farmers – if there will be increases on these two aspects.

KG will also compare farmer’s actual yield to published information from BAS.

39

Yield: Normal, Ideal and Actual

Q81. How many kilos is your ideal yield per hectare during DRY SEASON? And how many kilos during WET SEASON? Q80. Normally, how many kilos is your yield per hectare during DRY SEASON? And how about your yield per hectare during WET SEASON?

5.998

4.826

5.357

4.353 3.911

4.511

4.122

2.949

4.462

Aurora [N=150] Iloilo [N=146] S. Leyte [N=150]

Yield – Dry Season (in kg/ha)

BASE: Total Who Give Answers.

5.735

5.028 5.080

4.135 4.097 4.234

3.781 3.426

4.154

Aurora [N=150] Iloilo [N=146] S. Leyte [N=150]

Yield – Wet Season (in kg/ha)

Despite having the smallest landholding, S. Leyte growers records the highest yield among the 3 provinces.

This can be attributed to their compliance to the farming standards.

↑ 6% vs normal

yield ↑33% vs normal

yield

↑1% vs normal

yield

*Based on BAS 2013 stat (total production/area)

**Dry season covers Jan-Jun; wet season Jul-Dec

↑ 9% vs normal

yield ↑20% vs normal

yield

↑2% vs normal

yield

In both seasons, average yield of surveyed farmers is more than published average yield per hectare.

Nevertheless, they are still at least 20% short of their ideal yield.

With ≤ ave actual yield 48% 54% 55%

With > ave, actual yield 52% 46% 45%

With ≤ ave actual yield 53% 53% 57%

With > ave, actual yield 47% 47% 43%

40

Allocation of Investment per Input – Dry Season

Q107. How much or what percent goes to (INPUT/ITEM)?

43%

49%

44%

57%

51%

56%

Aurora [N=74]

Iloilo [N=73]

S. Leyte [N=78]

Variable Cost Fixed Cost

BASE: Total Sample. % is Based on Average Cost Per Hectare.


Variable Cost Php 28,243 Php31,284 Php27,960

Labour – hired 21% 31% 30%

Seeds / seedlings 11% 5% 4%

Fertilizer 19% 16% 21%

CPP 8% 13% 3%

Other costs 6% 8% 9%

Fixed Cost Php14,754 Php11,056 Php13,293

Machineries 30% 20% 22%

Land rental/lease 4% 6% 10%

TOTAL Php42,998 Php42,340 Php41,253

Generally, the cost during dry season is almost the same across three provinces, averaging from Php 41,000 – Php 43,000.

*Labour cost is excluding own labour used

41

Allocation of Investment per Input – Wet Season

Q107. How much or what percent goes to (INPUT/ITEM)?

40%

47%

38%

60%

53%

62%

Aurora [N=76]

Iloilo [N=77]

S. Leyte [N=72]

Variable Cost Fixed Cost

BASE: Total Sample. % is Based on Total Cost.


Variable Cost Php28,268 Php31,089 Php25,163

Labour – hired 19% 28% 29%

Seeds / seedlings 10% 5% 4%

Fertilizer 15% 16% 20%

CPP 8% 7% 3%

Other costs 7% 12% 7%

Fixed Cost Php19,041 Php14,200 Php14,383

Machineries 36% 23% 22%

Land rental/lease 5% 9% 14%

TOTAL Php47,309 Php45,289 Php39,545

Growers spend more during wet season as compared to dry season, except in S. Leyte.

*Labour cost is excluding own labour used

42

Gain/Loss With Last Harvest Calculating investment against sales of harvest, at most a tenth of farmers register a loss from last harvest.

BASE: Total Sample.

88%

90%

97%

12%

10%

3%

Aurora[N=74]

Iloilo[N=73]

S. Leyte[N=78]

Whether Farmer Has Gain/Loss With His Harvest - Dry

-Php19.647 -Php4.373 -Php2.619

Php40.518 Php27.452

Php45.347

Average Gain/Loss With Harvest – Dry (in Php/ha)

Investment/ha

# who Aurora Iloilo S. Leyte

Gained 65 66 76

Lost 9 7 2

-Php13.909 -Php13.181 -Php12.200

Php38.262 Php29.849 Php44.272

Average Gain/Loss With Harvest – Wet (in Php/ha)

Php47,309 Php45,289 Php39,545 Investment/ha

# who Aurora Iloilo S. Leyte

Gained 69 69 71

Lost 7 8 1

91%

90%

99%

9%

10%

1%

Aurora[N=76]

Iloilo[N=77]

S. Leyte[N=72]

Whether Farmer Has Gain/Loss With His Harvest - Wet

Q107. How much or what percent goes to [input/item]?; Q108. All in all, how many sacks of rice did you harvest the last [dry/wet] season?; Q110. How many kg is the usual content of one sack of rice?; Q111. How much did you sell each kg of palay?

Gain/loss is computed by:

Total income (Q108xQ110xQ111) – Total cost (Q107). S. Leyte farmers’ obedience on farming standards paid off as they tend to have higher income from their

harvest and lower amount of loss.

Php42,998 Php42,340 Php41,253

24,997 26,835

40,980 48,316

Dry Wet

Estimated Investment

Actual Investment

43

Farming Financial Management - Aurora Generally, growers’ financial estimation is relatively lower than the actual.

BASE: Total Sample. Aurora N=150

Yes, keep financial records, 39%

No, do not keep financial records, 59%

Whether Keep Financial Records

33.907 35.419

36.641 34.566

Dry Wet

Estimated Net Income

Actual Net Income

Actual vs Estimated Investment & Income of Those Who Keep Financial

Records Actual vs Estimated Investment & Income of Those Who Keep Financial

Records

29.900 31.235

32.048 32.810

Dry Wet


Actual Net Income

↓8% ↑2% ↓7% ↓5%

Shows the % difference of

Estimation from actual value

Q105. How much was your net income per hectare during your last harvest of rice on [dry/wet]season]?; Q106. In your estimation, how much did you spend per hectare on rice production during last harvested [dry/wet] season?; Q107. How much or what percent goes to (inout/item0?; Q108. All in all, how many sacks of rice did you harvest the last [dry/wet] season?

23,659 23,982

43,392 46,089

Dry Wet


Actual Investment

↓64% ↓80% ↓83% ↓92%

44

Farming Financial Management - Iloilo

Iloilo growers have very low investment estimation as compared to their actual spending, while in terms of income, they are over-estimating their profit.

BASE: Total Sample. Iloilo N=150

Yes, keep financial records 37%

No, do not keep financial records 63%


38.545 35.219

26.159 27.828

Dry Wet


Actual Net Income



Records

32.001

35.373

23.241 24.130

Dry Wet


Actual Net Income

↑32% ↑21% ↑27% ↑32%

Q105. How much was your net income per hectare during your last harvest of rice on [dry/wet]season]?; Q106. In your estimation, how much did you spend per hectare on rice production during last harvested [dry/wet] season?



24,414 25,115

44,374 47,572

Dry Wet


Actual Investment

22,682 21,902

41,229 44,185

Dry Wet

Estimated InvestmentActual Investment

↓82% ↓89% ↓82% ↓102%

45

Farming Financial Management – Southern Leyte

Only 2 of 10 growers in S. Leyte keep financial records. Majority have over-estimation on their profit, while the capital is under-estimated.

BASE: Total Sample. Southern Leyte N=150

Yes, keep financial records 22%

No, do not keep financial records 78%


46.653

26.293

41.117 42.917

Dry Wet


Actual Net Income



Records

35.095

30.258

45.083 43.625

Dry Wet


Actual Net Income

↑12% ↓63% ↓28% ↓44%

Q105. How much was your net income per hectare during your last harvest of rice on [dry/wet]season]?; Q106. In your estimation, how much did you spend per hectare on rice production during last harvested [dry/wet] season?



26,924 23,510

44,092 45,195

Dry Wet


Actual Investment

22,492 22,051

40,363 38,563

Dry Wet


Actual Investment

↓64% ↓92% ↓79% ↓75%

46


What is the average yield of farmers? How far is it from their ideal yield?

Currently, rice farmers can achieve 4 to 5 tons of rice per hectare, both during dry and wet seasons.

Though yield of surveyed farmers are generally higher than provincial average, they want to get more from their

rice fields. 20% increase is actually the minimum increase considering their ideal yield.

Southern Leyte has the highest yield achieved. This maybe because of their compliance to farming standards.

Their yield is also closest to the provincial average (only 1%-2% difference).

Despite having the lowest yield, surveyed farmers in Iloilo claims much higher yield versus provincial average

(up by as much as 20%-33%).

Do farmers keep financial records? How much is cost of production per hectare? Is there any

discrepancy between what they know they spend versus what they actually spent? What about income?

Rice growers are not used in keeping financial records. Even those who do need proper training since there is

large discrepancy between their estimates and actual expenses and / or income.

Southern Leyte has the least number of farmers who does record-keeping (only 2 out of 10).

Though the last cropping show positive result where 9 of 10 growers got gain/profit from their last harvest, they

could have earned more if they tracked all their spending and income.

“80% of 8,000 advised farmers achieved 20% yield and 15% income increase in rice production compared to the

provincial average.”

47


What do they have to learn on this aspect?

Training the rice growers in financial record keeping may take more than a classroom-type of teaching.

Bayer/trainors should consider several factors:

Farmers have been used (and have survived) with whatever way they calculate costs and income

Farmers are generally low-educated

Financial management may be shared / could be part of split responsibility where another member of

the family is taking the role of (e.g., wife or child)

A lot of farmers may not have patience on recording everything

Thus, Bayer/trainors should consider:

Building interest and commitment to better financial record keeping among farmers

Presenting a simple record keeping guide / template

Constant follow-ups and monitoring to develop the habit among farmers; perhaps, guiding the farmers

for the whole season, and tapping learned farmers to train /monitor fellow farmers

“80% of 8,000 advised farmers achieved 20% yield and 15% income increase in rice production compared to the

provincial average.”

“40% of 8,000 advised farmers confirmed an enhanced knowledge

on the local rice market and its marketing channels.”


3 How do farmers gauge their knowledge about the local rice market?

What farmers normally do with their harvest?

What are the buyers’ requirements on rice grain quality?

How farmers choose the buyers for their harvest?

49

Knowledge of Local Rice Market

Q121. Which of the following best describes your knowledge of the local market? What I mean is your understanding of the aspects such as current grain prices, grain buyers, where your harvest goes, etc. Would you say…

7%

5%

2%

35%

7%

51%

47%

57%

29%

11%

30%

18%

Aurora

Iloilo

S. Leyte

I have rich knowledge on local market I have enough knowledge on local market

I have limited knowledge on local market I don't have knowledge on local market

Ave. Rating (1 lowest)

2.4

1.9

2.4

More farmers in Iloilo are insecure about their knowledge of local market

BASE: Total Sample. Aurora N=150; Iloilo N=150; S. Leyte N=150

It would be good to explore what they know about the market and how this knowledge impact

economically.

50

What Normally Do With Harvest - Aurora

Q88. I will read out some statements, please tell me if you normally do this with your harvest or not.; Q89. What % of your harvest usually goes to (answer in Q88)?; Q93. Where, based on what you know, does (ANSWER in Q88) usually bring your sold harvest during (DRY SEASON/WET SEASON)?

1%

5%

5%

10%

89%

92%

Others (<5%mentions)

For payment of loan

For payment of lease

Sell to buying station

Sell to dealer / retailer

For own consumption

What Normally Do With Harvest

BASE: Total Sample. Aurora N=150. Multiple Answers.

77%

8%

13%

2%

% of Harvest Goes to…



For own consumption


Where Harvest is Brought Other

province

Don’t

know

Store in

town

Rice

mill

Sell to dealer / retailer [N=134] 72% 26% 1% 1%

Sell to buying station [N=15] 60% 40% --- ---

Harvest is both food and source of income. Main receiver of harvest are the dealers/retailers.

Utilization Summary %

Commercial 100%

Own consumption 92%

Payment (loan, lease) 2%

No difference on what growers usually do with their harvest during dry and wet season.

51

What Normally Do With Harvest - Iloilo

Q93. Where, based on what you know, does (ANSWER in Q88) usually bring your sold harvest during (DRY SEASON/WET SEASON)?

7%

5%

13%

11%

21%

28%

41%

99%


Sell to public market

For payment of loan


Sell to rice millers



For own consumption


BASE: Total Sample. Iloilo N=150. Multiple Answers.

31%

22% 19%

17%

12%




For own consumption



Where Harvest is Brought Don’t

know

Rice

mill

Sell to

public

market

Buy

&

sell

Traders

Sell to dealer / retailer [N=62] 65% 11% 5% 5% 5%

Sell to buying station [N=42] 86% 5% 2% --- ---

Sell to rice millers [N=31] 68% 13% --- 3% ---

Farmers sell their harvest to channels (dealers, retailers, buying station, etc.) but would not know where their

harvest goes after selling them.

Only answers with at least 5% mention in

any of the channel is shown Iloilo and S. Leyte farmers seem to have more options as to where to sell their harvest.

Utilization Summary

Commercial 99%

Own consumption 99%


52

What Normally Do With Harvest – S. Leyte

Q93. Where, based on what you know, does (ANSWER in Q88) usually bring your sold harvest during (DRY SEASON/WET SEASON)?

4%

9%

24%

27%

31%

31%

55%

98%


Sell to co-farmers/neighbors


For payment of loan




For own consumption


BASE: Total Sample. S. Leyte N=150. Multiple Answers.

34%

16% 20%

16%

14%




For own consumption



Where Harvest is Brought Don’t

know

Rice

dealer

Own store

Sell to dealer / retailer [N=83] 98% --- ---

Sell to rice millers [N=47] 72% 15% 11%

Sell to buying station [N=36] 97% --- ---


any of the channel is shown

Utilization Summary

Commercial 100%

Own consumption 98%


Farmers sell their harvest to channels (dealers, retailers, buying station, etc.) but would not know where their

harvest goes after selling them.

Iloilo and S. Leyte farmers seem to have more options as to where to sell their harvest.

53

Buyer’s Preference on Grain Qualities

Q94. What are good qualities of rice for Buyers?

70%

39%

26%

24%

24%

5%

4%

35%

48%

45%

22%

27%

5%

60%

42%

66%

6%

15%

5%

Shape / size of grains

Grains purity /cleanliness

Firmness / toughness /solidity of grains

Grains color

Others

Variety type

High recovery / income

Aurora

Iloilo

S. Leyte

BASE: Total Sample. Aurora N=150; Iloilo N=150; S. Leyte N=150. Multiple Answers.

SPECIFIC GRAIN QUALITIES Aurora Iloilo Southern Leyte

SHAPE/SIZE OF GRAINS – NET 70% 35% 60%

Uniform size and shape of grains 1% 3% 59%

Long grain / class A 41% 21% 1%

Plump (mapintog) / big grains 35% 11% 1%

GRAINS PURITY/CLEANLINESS – NET 39% 48% 42%

Free of contaminants such as stones and weed

seeds 33% 45% 39%

FIRMNESS/TOUGHNESS/SOLIDITY OF GRAINS

– NET 26% 45% 66%

Free of empty or half-filled grains 11% 19% 48%

Free of fissures 1% 6% 27%

Rice grains are soft to cook 4% 21% 0%

GRAIN COLOR – NET 24% 22% 6%

Nice color (e.g., white) 10% 17% 5%

OTHERS – NET 24% 27% 15%

Grains are dry 19% 19% 13%

Qualities with less than 10% mention on specific

response in any province not shown.

Preference on grain qualities varies in different areas.

54

Preferred Characteristics of Harvest Buyers

Q95. I have here some attributes which other farmers consider important in choosing the BUYERS FOR THEIR HARVEST? Please choose the TOP THREE MOST IMPORTANT attributes for you in your choice of buyers for your harvest? Which is the FIRST most important? Which is the SECOND? Which is the THIRD?

Q96. Aside from the attributes I mentioned, is there any other attributes you consider in choosing the BUYERS FOR YOUR HARVEST? Is there anything else?

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Pays higherprice

Pays in cash

Makes timelypayment

Provides /supportsaccess to

credit/finance

Near and easyto deliver

No limit onquantity



at least one province is shown

10%

2%

35%

63%

23%

27%

48%

30%

68%

71%

17%

7%

No limit on quantity [N=31]

Makes timely payment [N=99]

Pays in cash [N=131]

Pays higher price [N=148]

Top 3 Most Important Attribute - Aurora

28%

22%

4%

6% 85%

22%

28%

50%

50%

10%

50%

50%

47%

44%

5%

Provides/supports -- [N=18]

Near and easy to deliver [N=18]

Makes timely payment [N=101]

Pays in cash [N=134]

Pays higher price [N=146]

Iloilo

13% 5% 14%

23% 75%

17% 25%

24% 43%

53% 20%

83% 63%

71% 42%

25% 5%

No limit on quantity [N=23]Near and easy to deliver [N=24]

Provides/supports -- [N=38]Makes timely payment [N=69]

Pays in cash [N=120]Pays higher price [N=132]

S. Leyte


Farmers want the highest price for their harvest, paid quickly.

55

How do farmers gauge their knowledge about the local rice market?

Farmers admit to their limited knowledge of local market – specifically true for Iloilo.

Amongst provinces, Iloilo growers have the least knowledge about their local market.

This is apparent on their low awareness on where their harvest goes after they hand over to buyers.

What do farmers do with their harvest?

Farmers set aside a portion of their harvest for personal consumption.

Retailers /dealers are the usual buyers though, farmers in Iloilo and Southern Leyte seem to have more

options than their fellows in Aurora.

What are buyers’ requirements on rice grain quality?

Buyers from different provinces have their different preferences on grain quality of the rice they will purchase.

Aurora farmers think that their buyers go for long and plump/big grain; those in Iloilo goes for purity (absence

of stones and weeds); in Southern Leyte, uniform size of grains is foremost.

Section Summary: Baseline for KPI #3 “40% of 8,000 advised farmers confirmed an enhanced knowledge on the local rice market and its marketing channels.”

56

How do farmers choose the buyers for their harvest?

Farmers want the highest price for their produce, quickly.

There are indications in Iloilo and Southern Leyte that

Some farmers want buyers to provide/support to have access to credit/finance

Distance of buyers’ station poses challenges to some farmers in terms of delivery of their produce

Main take out from this section:

It will be good to explore farmers’ other specific information on farmers’ market knowledge i.e., where they get

information on current grain prices, how they negotiate with buyers on price, different buyer options and

reasons for sticking to a particular buyer, etc. – and how they see themselves in the negotiation process.

Linking best practices to specific “buyer requirements” may help speed up adoption of BRIA knowledge and

behavior change among farmers.


“40% of 8,000 advised farmers confirmed an enhanced knowledge on the local rice market and its marketing channels.”

“20% increase in formal long-term agreements between advised

farmers and retailers considering risk management options and

micro-insurance.”


4

Do growers practice contract farming?

Does purchase of crop insurance a practice among farmers?

What could be the benefits and drivers of crop insurance

58

Contract with Buyers

Q90. May I know if you have a contract to (ANSWER in Q88) in selling your harvest or none during (DRY SEASON/WET SEASON? Q92. Please describe what type of contract do you have with [ANSWER in Q90]? Q91. How many years is your contract with (ANSWER in Q90)?

Only 2 growers from Iloilo have contract

with their buyers, one with government for

2 years and the other one with the buying

station for 5 years.

Growers relatively do not practice contract farming. This may entail education of farmers on the benefits of

forging a contract with buyers. Commitments inclusive to the contract should also be discussed.

59

Demand for Crop Insurance - Aurora

Q114. Have you ever availed of crop insurance for your rice or not? Q119. Are you interested to avail of crop insurance in the next seasons?


Yes; 23% No; 77%

Whether Avail of Crop Insurance

• Only availed once [40%]

• Once a year (during typhoon) [23%]

• Every planting season [23%]

Frequency Avail of Crop Insurance

• Alalay sa Kaunlaran, Inc. [37%]

• Government (PCIC) [26%]

• Rural Bank [17%]

Insurance Provider

• Average: Php 1,526 Premium Paid per

hectare

No, not interested;

26%

Yes, interested;

69%

Can’t say; 5%

Interest to Avail Crop Insurance

No, not interested;

23%

Yes, interested;

71%

Can’t say; 6%


Only 2 of 10 growers availed of crop insurance but note the high intention to avail of the insurance in the next season.

If farmers are so keen to avail of crop insurance, what kept them from doing so in the past?

60

Demand for Crop Insurance - Iloilo



Yes; 20% No; 80%



• Only availed once [33%]

• Once a year (during typhoon) [23%]

Frequency Avail of Crop Insurance

• Government (PCIC) [83%] Insurance Provider

• Average: Php 481 Premium Paid per

hectare

No, not interested;

26%

Yes, interested;

62%

Can’t say; 13%


In Iloilo, government is the main provider of insurance; which could explain the low amount paid for premium.

Yes, interested;

93%

Can’t say; 7%


61

Demand for Crop Insurance – S. Leyte


BASE: Total Sample. S. Leyte N=150

Yes; 36% No; 64%



• Only availed once [30%] Frequency Avail of Crop

Insurance

• Government (PCIC) [83%]

• Dept. of Agriculture [17%] Insurance Provider

• Average: Php 333 Premium Paid per

hectare

No, not interested;

31%

Yes, interested;

53%

Can’t say; 16%


No, not interested;

24%

Yes, interested;

67%

Can’t say; 9%


Amongst provinces, S. Leyte has the most number of growers who already availed the crop insurance.

Repurchase is lowest though.

62

Requirement for and Provider of Crop Insurance

Q117. What are the benefits provided by your crop insurance for your rice? Q120. What motivates you to avail of insurance for your rice crop?

51%

3% 9%

37%

10%

20% 13%

52%

11%

2% 2%

Can earn backthe capital even

when there'sharvest failure

Refund/return therice grains used

Cash assistance Php1,200 refundfor partialdamage

Insurance Benefits


Only answers with at least 10% mention

is shown


74%

17%

7%

77%

21%

9%

52%

34%

19%

Protection ofinvestment in case of

crop failure

Unpredictable weathercondition

Given free bygovernment

Drivers in Availing Crop Insurance


BASE: Total Who Availed Crop Insurance. Aurora N=35; Iloilo N=30; S. Leyte N=54

Protection of investment in case of crop failure is the main driver of availing crop insurance.

63


Do growers practice contract farming?

There is low to none practice of contract-farming across all areas.

To influence farmers to embrace the concept of contract farming will require emphasizing the advantages

together with their rights and commitments.

Does purchase of crop insurance a practice among farmers? What could be the benefits and drivers of

crop insurance?

Aurora and Iloilo has low reception for crop insurance but show promise in the future. Southern Leyte, on the

other hand, has high number of presently insured farms but show a decline in the future.

Across all areas, the main advantage of crop insurance is protection on investment.

Unpredictable weather condition is especially a driver for Southern Leyte to avail crop insurance.

Crop insurance providers should study how they can work on extending a cost-effective insurance,

highlighting and educating the farmers that insurance are not at all expensive as compared to the protection it

brings for their investment and expected harvest.

“20% increase in formal long-term agreements between advised farmers and retailers considering risk management

options and micro-insurance.”

Detailed Findings:

Farmers Attitude Towards Rice Farming and Crop Protection Usage

Attitudes Towards Rice Farming

Q1. Mayroon po akong listahan ng mga pahayag na ginagamit ng mga tao upang ilarawan ang pagsasaka ng palay. Pakisabi po sa akin kung alin sa mga pahayag na ito ang PINAKA-NAGLALARAWAN ng inyong opinion at saloobin tungkol sa pagsasaka ng palay. Pumili lamang po kayo ng isa.

Farmers showcase concern and positive outlook to improve rice production and a considerable number already view it as a business. Note that disposition

towards improvement highest among Aurora farmers.

BASE: Total Sample. Aurora N=150; Iloilo N=150; Southern Leyte N=150

13% 23%

15%

11%

25%

23%

60%

40%

39%

17% 12%

23%

Aurora Iloilo Leyte

Ang pagsasaka ay isangnegosyo / nangangailangan ngmalaking kapital

Ang pagsasaka ay isang bagayna gusto kong gawin atpaghusayan ng husto

Ang pagsasaka ay ipinasalamang ng aking mgamagulang sa akin

Ang pagsasaka ay ang alam kolang na trabaho

65

Attitudes Towards Crop Protection

Q2. Mayroon po ako muling ipapakita sa inyo na ilang mga pahayag na ginagamit ng mga tao upang ilarawan ang kanilang opinyon tungkol sa mga kemikal na produkto para proteksyon sa mga pananim. Pakipili po lamang ang DALAWANG pangungusap na PINAKA-NAGLALARAWAN ng inyong sariling opinyon at saloobin tungkol sa mga kemikal na prodkto para proteksyon sa mga pananim. SHOW AND READ CARD, then say: Alin po ang UNA? Alin naman po ang PANGALAWA?

Still a considerable number of farmers do not consider chemicals as key in having a high yield or profit. Though notable is that farmers are still improvising

and looking for chemicals that would improve their current rice production.


65% 77%

61%

53% 37%

24%

42% 33%

53%

26%

23% 36%

11% 26% 19%

3% 3% 7%

Aurora Iloilo Leyte

Wala pa sa pamilihan angmakakatugon sa lahat ngpangangailanagan ko sa isangkemikal na produkto paraproteksyon sa mga

Ang lahat ng mga kemikal naprodukto para proteksyon samga pananim ay pare-pareholang / pare-pareho lang ang bisa

Ako ay madalas mag-eksperimento para mahanap koang pinakamaganda o pinaka-mabisa na kemikal na produktopara proteksyon

Ako ay patuloy pa rin nanaghahanap ng kemikal naprodukto para proteksyon samga pananim na maganda omabisa

Ang kemikal na produkto paraproteksyon sa mga pananim angsusi sa isang magandang ani okita

66

Do women actively participates in any social/community organization?

When it comes to leadership roles, do women practice them on:

The organizations they are involved in; and/or

Their own rice farm management.

Detailed Findings: Baseline Info for Women Participation

in Rice Farming

Wives Leadership Role in Organization - Aurora

Q158. Is your wife a member of an organization or not?; Q159. What organization is your wife a member of ?; Q160. Did your wife take a leadership role in the organization?

Organizations a Member Of

Base: [N= 24]. Multiple Answers

Farmers' Cooperative 21%

4 Ps (Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program) 10%

Kalipunan ng Liping Pilipina (KALIPI) 6%

Alalay sa Kaunlaran, Inc. (ASKI) 2%

Barangay Health Worker (BHW) 2%

Farmers' Association 2%

Golden Field Cooperative 2%

Rural Integrated Council (RIC) 2%

Teacher's Cooperative 2%

Women remains to be conservative in joining organization and taking-up leadership roles.

D.K./N.A. 4%

Not applicable 19%

No 61%

Yes 4%

No 12%

Yes 16%

Organization Membership

Whether Take Leadership

Role


68

Wives Leadership Role in Organization - Iloilo




Barangay Health Worker (BHW) 19%



Lakasan IE 5%

SIAMCE 5%

Teacher's Cooperative 5%

Women's Group 5%


D.K./N.A. 3% Not applicable

36%

No 47%

Yes 3%

No 11%

Yes 14%




Role

69

Wives Leadership Role in Organization - Southern Leyte




Women's Group 40%



NEA- CAMARICAR 5%

Rural Integrated Council (RIC) 5%

Samahan ng Barangay 5%

Others 18%


D.K./N.A. 1%

Not applicable 25%

No 47%

Yes 7%

No 19%

D.K./N.A. 1%

Yes 27%


BASE: Total Sample. Southern Leyte N=150


Role

70

Wives Role in Decision Making

Q161. Which of the following best describes your wife’s role in purchase decision concerning seeds and chemicals for your RICE farm?

19%

35% 25%

44% 17%

17%

15%

11%

14%

21%

33% 43%

1% 3% 1%


My wife is the sole responsible for deciding on seedsand chemicals to buy for the rice farm we cultivate

My wife is among responsible for deciding on seedsand chemicals to buy for the rice farm we cultivate

She doesn’t decide by herself, but either her opinion is asked or she gives her opinion on what seed or chemicals to buy

My wife is not the one deciding on seeds andchemicals to buy for the rice farm we cultivate

Not applicable

In Aurora and Iloilo, women are not actively participating in decision-making for their farms. While in Southern Leyte, women

are more proactive in decision-making roles.


71

72

Section Summary: Women Participation in Rice Farming

There is indication that women has low participation in any social organization across all areas.

For those who are members of organization/s, they are conservative in taking-up leadership roles.

Even for their own farms, women of Aurora and Iloilo are not as active in decision-making as compared to their

male-counterparts.

In Southern Leyte, women seem to take a more pro-active participation in the management of their rice farms.

Appendices:

Key Performance Indicator No. 1


Demographics

74

Rice Cropping Schedule - AURORA

Q15. Normally, how many times in a year do you plant rice?; Q16. For each season, please tell me what month you usually sow rice? And what month you usually harvest?

In Aurora, those who plant twice a year have wider planting window.

BASE: Total Sample: Aurora N=150

1x a year; 1%

2x a year; 60%

3x a year; 39%

# of Rice Cropping A Year

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

Cropping Schedule For Those Who Have 3 Croppings A Year [N=59]

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%


Ave: 2.4 croppings

a year

1st cropping 2nd cropping 3rd cropping

Growers who cultivate 3x a year have more harmonized schedule

75

Rice Cropping Schedule - ILOILO


9 of 10 rice growers cultivate rice twice a year.

BASE: Total Sample: Iloilo N=150

1x a year; 5%

2x a year; 94%

3x a year; 1%


-10%

10%

30%

50%

70%


Ave: 2.0 croppings

a year

1st cropping

2nd cropping

Iloilo growers have more harmonized cropping schedule, regardless of the number of croppings a year.

76

Rice Cropping Schedule – SOUTHERN LEYTE


100% of growers cultivate rice twice a year.

BASE: Total Sample: Southern Leyte N=150

2x a year; 100%


-10%

10%

30%

50%

70%


Ave: 2.0 croppings

a year

77

Change in Cropping Schedule – AURORA

Q17. Thinking of the last 5-10 years, was there a change in your cropping calendar? What month would you plant?; Q18. What is the main reason for the change in your cropping calendar in the past 5-10 years?

Farmers have adjusted their sowing period to cope with climate change implications.


Same month / different

days; 13%

Month change;

77%

No change;

11%

Whether There Is A Change in Rice Cropping Schedule

6% 25%

13% 17% 10% 33% 10%

91% 70% 88%

100% 83% 80%

100%

60%

100% 100%

67%

3% 5%

20%

20%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Change in Sowing Period [N=115]

1-2 months ahead 3-4 months ahead 1-3 months delayed4-6 months delayed >6 months delayed

47% 47%

25% 5% 13%

0%20%40%60%80%

100%

Availability ofirrigation/water

supply

Changing weathercondition

Early/delayed rain Depends on theavailability of theseeds/seedlings


*Reasons For Change in Cropping Calendar [N=115]

*Multiple answers.

78

Change in Cropping Schedule – ILOILO




days; 32% Month

change; 67%

No change;

1%


15%

57%

4%

100% 96% 85%

43%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

April [N=4] May [N=23] June [N=59] July [N=14]



45% 44%

21% 5%

0%20%40%60%80%

100%

Availability ofirrigation/water supply

Early/delayed rain Changing weathercondition



*Multiple answers.

79

Change in Cropping Schedule – SOUTHERN LEYTE




days; 44%

Month change;

56%

No change;

0%


65%

7% 5% 5% 24%

0%20%40%60%80%

100%

Availability ofirrigation/water

supply

Changing weathercondition

Depends on theavailability of theseeds/seedlings

Depends on theavailability of the

laborer



*Multiple answers.

46%

13%

75% 61%

4% 54%

100% 100% 88%

25% 36%

100%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%



80

Number of Rice Growth Stages Recalled

Q20. Based on your experience and knowledge on rice farming, how would you describe the growth stages of rice from seedling until harvesting? What are these stages?

On the average, rice growers could name 8 growth stages but only about 2-3 are consistent based on PhilRice’s Palay Check Handbook


17%

66%

9% 9% 9%

73%

12% 6%

27%

63%

6% 4%

4-6 stages 7-9 stages 10 stages > 10 stages

No. of Crop Stages Mentioned


8,0 8,3 7,6

2,7 2,4 2,7


# of Crop Stages Mentioned # of Crop Stages Consistent With PhilRice

34%

consistent

stages

29%

consistent

stages

36%

consistent

stages

81

Rice Growth Stages Recalled Consistent with PhilRice


Generally, all growers are able to recall the stages of rice within the crop phase. In terms of specific stages, panicle initiation and flowering are mostly

recalled.


% of Growers

Who Mentioned

Crop Stages

Consistent with

PhilRice

Province

Germinatio

n to

emergence

Seedling Tillering Stem

Elongation

Panicle

Initiation

to Booting

Heading Flowering Milk

Grain

Dough

Grain

Mature

Grain

Aurora 16% 8% 47% 9% 71% 17% 31% 9% 8% 57%

Iloilo 14% 14% 33% 1% 35% 4% 63% 39% 1% 37%

S. Leyte 9% 45% 17% 30% 25% 9% 77% 9% 3% 49%

*Crop stages mentioned consistent with

PhilRice stages is regardless of the

order

% of Growers

Who

Mentioned

Crop Stages

Within Crop

Phase

VEGETATIVE PHASE REPRODUCTIVE PHASE RIPENING PHASE

Aurora 100% 99% 99%

Iloilo 100% 99% 100%

S. Leyte 100% 98% 99%

82

Rice Growth Stages on Grower’s Viewpoint - AURORA


*Stages with less than 10 mentions

not shown.

STAGE 1

[N=134]

STAGE 2

[N=134]

STAGE 3

[N=134]

STAGE 4

[N=134]

STAGE 5

[N=134]

STAGE 6

[N=134]

STAGE 7

[N=112]

STAGE 8

[N=72]

STAGE 9

[N=35]

STAGE10

[N=13]

0 DBP –

1 DAP

2 - 15

DAP

Sabog tanim /

transplanting [72%]

Babad binhi / hulom [19%]

Others [<5% mentions]

[9%]

May 1-2 dahon na [19%]

Germination / pagsibol [13%]


Pag-ahon / incubate [9%]

Sabog tanim / transplanting [7%]

Others [<7% mentions] [43%]

Tillering / pagsusuwi [25%]



Nagsusupling na ang dahon [8%]

Lumalaki / nakatirik na [7%]

Dumadalaga [7%]

Panicle initiation / paglilihi [7%]


Panicle initiation / paglilihi

[21%]

Pagbubuntis [13%]


Dumadalaga [10%]


Stem elongation /

pagbibinat [7%]


[28%]

Panicle initiation / paglilihi

[26%]

Pagbubuntis [23%]

Namumunga [13%]



Pagbubuntis [22%]

Namumunga [15%]

Flowering [13%]

Ripening to maturity [11%]

Panicle initiation [10%]

Harvesting [7%]


[22%]


Harvesting [13%]

Namumunga [13%]

Pagbubuntis [9%]

Heading / pagsapaw [9%]

Panicle to initiation [8%]



Harvesting [18%]

Namumunga na [10%]

Naninilaw na ang dahon [7%]

Flowering [7%]


Harvesting [31%]


Namumunga [17%]

Hinog na ang bunga / matigas

na ang bunga [9%]


Harvesting [54%]



[23%]

BASE: Those Who Gave Answer for Each Stage. Excluding Those Who Mentioned 4, 5, 11, 12 and 13 stages, which are considered outliers.

16 - 30

DAP

31-45

DAP 45-60

DAP 81-90

DAP 91-105

DAP 61-75 DAP 76-80 DAP

Ave. # of

Days to

Harvest

= 103

days

83

Rice Growth Stages on Grower’s Viewpoint - ILOILO


Among the three provinces, Iloilo has the shortest maturity period, with just 90 days to harvest.


not shown.

STAGE 1

[N=139]

STAGE 2

[N=139]

STAGE 3

[N=139]

STAGE 4

[N=139]

STAGE 5

[N=139]

STAGE 6

[N=139]

STAGE 7

[N=127]

STAGE 8

[N=93]

STAGE 9

[N=55]

STAGE10

[N=18]

Sabog tanim /

transplanting [58%]



[11%]


Labas na ang uhay [16%]



Germination / pagsbol [8%]





Bumibilog / mapintog [9%]


Bumibilog / mapintog

[15%]


Pagbubuntis [11%]


Malaki na ang puno /

nakatirik na [10%]



[33%]



Pagbubuntis [17%]

Flowering [12%]

Namumunga [11%]

Malaki na ang puno / nakatirik

na [9%]


Flowering [24%]

Pagbubuntis [21%]

Namumunga [17%]

Nagmamalagatas [7%]




[19%]

Namumunga [21%]

Flowering [20%]

Harvesting [15%]

Nagmamalagatas [13%]


Nakayuko na ang palay [6%]

Pagbubuntis [6%]


Harvesting [19%]

Nagmamalagatas [18%]



Namumunga [9%]

Flowering [8%]


Harvesting [29%]



na ang bunga [18%]

Nagmamalagatas [7%]



Harvesting [56%]


Hinog na ang bunga /

matigas na ang bunga

[11%]

BASE: Those Who Gave Answer for Each Stage. Excluding Those Who Mentioned 4, 5, 11, 12 and 13 stages, which are considered outliers.

0 DBP –

1 DAP 2 – 15

DAP

6 – 15

DAP

16-30

DAP 31-45

DAP 76-90

DAP 81-90 / 95

DAP 46-60 DAP 61-75 DAP

Ave. # of

Days to

Harvest

= 94

days

84

Rice Growth Stages on Grower’s Viewpoint – S. LEYTE



not shown.

STAGE 1

[N=142]

STAGE 2

[N=142]

STAGE 3

[N=142]

STAGE 4

[N=142]

STAGE 5

[N=142]

STAGE 6

[N=130]

STAGE 7

[N=103]

STAGE 8

[N=73]

STAGE 9

[N=37]

STAGE10

[N=9]


Sabog tanim /

transplanting [39%]

Seedling / pagpunla [13%]


[8%]

Seedling / pagpupunla [23%]


Malaki na ang puno / nakatirik na

[11%]

Pag-ahon / incubate [7%]


Stem elongation / pagbibinat [6%]



Malaki na ang puno / nakatirik na [12%]

Seedling / pagpunla [10%]

Stem elongation / pagbibinat [10%]

Pagbubuntis [9%]


Pagbubuntis [26%]

Sabog tanim /

transplanting [13%]

Flowering [11%]

Malaki na ang puno /

nakatirik na [11%]

Stem elongation [6%]



[29%]

Flowering [21%]

Pagbubuntis [16%]

Malaki na ang puno / nakatirik

na [ 10%]


Stem elongation / pagbibinat

[6%]

Namumunga [5%]

Harvesting [5%]


Flowering [23%]

Pagbubuntis [16%]


Namumunga [10%]

Harvesting [6%]




[19%]

Flowering [19%]

Harvesting [13%]


Namumunga [12%]

Pagbubuntis [10%]


na ang bunga [9%]




Harvesting [21%]

Flowering [18%]

Namumunga [11%]



Harvesting [35%]



na ang bunga [14%]


Harvesting [33%]

Hinog na ang bunga /

matigas na ang bunga

[22%]



[22%]

BASE: Those Who Gave Answer for Each Stage. Excluding Those Who Mentioned 4, 11, 12 and 13 stages, which are considered outliers.

0-1 DBT 2-16 DAT 31-40

DAT 81-90 /

100 DAT 91-100 /

110 DAT

61-70 / 75

DAT

71-80 /

90 DAT 46 - 60 DAT

21-30

DAT Ave. # of

Days to

Harvest

= 104

days

85

Land Preparation Practices

Q23. How many days or weeks before transplanting/planting do you start land preparation?; Q24. Which of the following activities do you do as part of land preparation? Which else?; Q25. Other than these, are there any other activities that you do as part of land preparation which are not indicated here? Which else?

Majority of Aurora and Iloilo growers prepare their land 1-2 weeks before planting, while in Southern Leyte, majority follow the recommended 3-4 weeks

preparation of land before sowing.


*Multiple answers.

**Green boxed figures are the recommended practices

in land prep by PhilRice

<1 week; 5%

1-2 weeks; 82%

3-4 weeks;

13%

# of Weeks Before Planting Perform Land Prep - AURORA

<1 week; 3%

1-2 weeks; 69%

3-4 weeks;

25%

# of Weeks Before Planting Perform Land Prep - ILOILO

<1 week; 1%

1-2 weeks; 31%

3-4 weeks;

61%

5 weeks and more;

6%

# of Weeks Before Planting Perform Land Prep – S. LEYTE

100%

81%

98% 98% 97% 88%

9% 5% 7%

100%

58%

98% 94% 98% 95%

15% 6% 6% 92% 79% 94% 91% 100% 60% 15% 17% 2% 0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Plowing Weeding Clean andrepair dikes and

ditches

Harrowing Levelling Constructingsmall canals

Applyingorganics likemanure, etc.

Fertlizerapplication

Soil testing

*Land Preparation Practices


86

Planting Technique and Seed Type Used - AURORA

Q28. Normally, how do you sow rice? What is the usual planting method?; Q39. Normally, how do you sow rice?; Q40. What is the average plant spacing do you follow in your rice farm? By row? By column/line?; Q32. What seed type do you normally use?; Q41. How many kilos of rice seeds do you normally plant per hectare?

Direct seeding is more common among Aurora growers, which majority are using in-bred seeds with an average seed density of 148 kg/ha.

BASE: Total Sample: N=150

Transplanting

2%

Both transplanting

& direct seeding

1%

Broadcasting 94%

Hand-drilling 1%

Mechanical-drilling

1% D.K./N.A.

1%

Direct Seeding

97%

Planting Method

4%

92%

7%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Hybrid In-bred Farm-saved

*Seed Type Used

BASE: Total Who Do Direct Seeding/Raise Own Seedlings: N=148

200 200 180

149 148 142 120

40 45

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Hybrid [N=17] In-bred [N=125] Farm-saved [N=10]

*Seed Density (kg/ha)

*Multiple answers.

11%

59% 50%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%


*Seed Type Used

87

Planting Technique and Seed Type Used - ILOILO



Transplanting

12%

Both transplanting

& direct seeding

6%

Broadcasting 81%

Hand-drilling 1%

Mechanical-drilling

0%

D.K./N.A. 0%

Direct Seeding 82%

Planting Method


200 200 240

80

130 148

10 40

15 0

50

100

150

200

250

300



*Multiple answers.

40% 43% 25%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%


*Seed Type Used

88

Planting Technique and Seed Type Used – S. LEYTE



Transplanting 97%

Both transplanting

& direct seeding

0%

Broadcasting 1%

Mechanical-drilling

1%

D.K./N.A. 1%

Direct Seeding

3%

Planting Method

45%

12%

43%

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%

Recommended(20 cm x 20 cm)

High density(smaller than 20cm)

Low density(bigger than 20cm)

Average Plant Distance

BASE: Total Who Do Transplanting, N=146


Ave: 20 cm x 20 cm

Ave: 8 cm x 8 cm

72

105 108

19

40 45

3 10 12

0

20

40

60

80

100

120



Ave: 24 cm x 24 cm

*Multiple answers. Southern Leyte growers are more obedient with the standards in planting rice, as seen on the number of growers

following the recommended plant distance and seed density per hectare.

89

Rice Seed Type Used

Q141. How many seeds/seedlings of (ANSWER in Q139) is used per hectare? How many (kilograms of seeds/number of seedlings/plants) is used per hectare? Q142. How much did you pay for a kilogram of (ANSWER in Q139)

97%

90%

61%

6%

14%

42%

1%


In-bred Hybrid D.K./N.A.


High usage of in-bred across all regions. However, in S. Leyte, hybrid usage is quite common as well, with 4 of 10 growers using hybrid seeds.

90

Rice Seed Varieties Used - Aurora


BASE: Total Sample. Aurora N=150. Multiple Answers. Varieties With At Least 3% Mention for In-bred Are Shown.

3,1 2,5 2,5

2,4 2,3

1,5

47% 46% 9% 9% 4% 3% 0,0

1,0

2,0

3,0

4,0

5,0

6,0

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

NSICRc152 /Tubigan

10

NSICRc222 /Tubigan

18

NSICRc216 /Tubigan

17

DiamondX

NSICRc238 /Tubigan

21

NSICRc160 /Tubigan

14

In-bred Varieties Used [N=146]

In-bred; 97% Hybrid; 6%

Seed Type Used

Incidence Area (in ha)

1,5 1,8

4,0

1,0 1,0

33% 22% 22% 11% 11% 0,0

1,0

2,0

3,0

4,0

5,0

6,0

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

NSICRc130 /

Tubigan 3

US-88 NSICRc128 /

Mabango 1

NSICRc116H /Mestiso 3

NSICRc124H /Mestiso 4

Hybrid Varieties Used [N=9]**

**Very small base


Ave. # of varieties used: 1.3 Ave. # of varieties used: 1

On the average, Aurora growers normally plant one variety of rice in their entire farm.

91

Rice Seed Varieties Used - Iloilo


BASE: Total Sample. Iloilo N=150. Multiple Answers. Varieties With At Least 5% Mention Are Shown.

2,4 2,1 2,3

2,1 2,5 1,8

2,9

38% 23% 19% 9% 8% 8% 7% 0,0

1,0

2,0

3,0

4,0

5,0

6,0

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%



Seed Type Used


5,3

3,5

2,2

32% 16% 12% 0,0

1,0

2,0

3,0

4,0

5,0

6,0

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Arize Bigante Plus NSIC Rc124H /Mestiso 4

NSIC Rc130 /Tubigan 3

Hybrid Varieties Used [N=21]*

*Small base


Ave. # of varieties used: 1.4 Ave. # of varieties used: 1.2

Farms planted with hybrid seeds are generally bigger in Iloilo province.

92

Rice Seed Varieties Used – S. Leyte


BASE: Total Sample. S. Leyte N=150. Multiple Answers. Varieties With At Least 3% Mention Are Shown.

1,3 1,7

0,9 1,2

0,9 0,9 0,8

1,6

40% 18% 7% 5% 5% 4% 4% 3% 0,0

1,0

2,0

3,0

4,0

5,0

6,0

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%



Seed Type Used


1,1 1,3

1,1 0,9 1,0

0,8

32% 29% 21% 6% 5% 3% 0,0

1,0

2,0

3,0

4,0

5,0

6,0

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Pioneeer77

NSICRc124H /Mestiso

4

ArizeBigante

Plus

Pioneer73

NSICRc132H /Mestiso

6

SL 18

Hybrid Varieties Used [N=63] Incidence Area (in ha)

Ave. # of varieties used: 1.2 Ave. # of varieties used: 1

High hybrid users in S. Leyte, with Pioneer leading all other companies, with its Pioneer 77 brand being the top brand and Pioneer 73 at fourth.

93

Seed Rate per Hectare and Purchase Price per Kilogram - Aurora


BASE: Total In-bred Users. Aurora N=146. Multiple Answers. Varieties With At Least 3% Mention Are Shown.

200 200

160

200 200

160 143

154

128

166 147

130

40 45 45

120 120

80

0

50

100

150

200

250

Seed Density for In-bred Seeds (kg/ha)

38 38 35

36 35 34 33 33 32

34 34

28

18

25

30 30 30

17

Php0

Php10

Php20

Php30

Php40

Php50

Purchased Price for In-bred Seeds (Php/kg) Max

Average

Min

Red line is the average seed density for in-bred in Aurora: 148 kg/ha

Seed prices in Aurora are quite uniform, with average price ranging from Php 28-24 per kilogram.

94

240 240

210 200 200 200

240

129 141 140

119 119 103

129

40 40 40 40 40 40 40

0

50

100

150

200

250

300


Seed Rate per Hectare and Purchase Price per Kilogram - Iloilo


BASE: Total In-bred Users. Iloilo N=135. Multiple Answers. Varieties With At Least 5% Mention Are Shown.

45

40 38

33

38

30

38

30 31 29

24

30 26

30

15

20

15 15

20

14

20

Php0

Php10

Php20

Php30

Php40

Php50

Purchased Price for In-bred Seeds (Php/kg) Max

Average

Min

Red line is the average seed density for in-bred in Iloilo: 130 kg/ha

Both the seed density and purchase price for seed varieties in Iloilo have wide range.

95

66 72 72 72

60

40 41 42

52

40

10 16 15

40

10

0

20

40

60

80


Seed Rate per Hectare – S. Leyte


BASE: Total Seed Users. S. Leyte In-bred N=91; Hybrid N=63. Multiple Answers. Varieties With At Least 5% Mention Are Shown.

Red line is the average seed density for in-bred in S. Leyte: 40 kg/ha

48

25

15 9

15 15 10 11

8 10

3 3 6 6 5

0

20

40

60

80

Seed Density for Hybrid Seeds (kg/ha)

Max

Average

Min

Green line is the average seed density for hybrid in S. Leyte: 19 kg/ha

96

40 40 40

24

40

26 30

25 24

33

19 15

19 24

20

Php0

Php10

Php20

Php30

Php40

Php50

Php60

Php70

Php80

Purchased Price for In-bred Seeds (Php/kg)

Purchase Price per Kilogram – S. Leyte


BASE: Total Seed Users. S. Leyte In-bred N=91; Hybrid N=63. Multiple Answers. Varieties With At Least 5% Mention Are Shown.

350

466

333 332 360

279 315 311

284 273

167 190

260 250

160

Php0

Php50

Php100

Php150

Php200

Php250

Php300

Php350

Php400

Php450

Php500

Purchased Price for Hybrid Seeds (Php/kg) Max

Average

Min

Hybrid seeds are priced 10x higher than in-bred.

97

Stages where Fertilizer Application is done


Q44 In which of these crop stages here (SHOWCARD OF GROWTH STAGES) do you apply fertilizer (Basal/1ST/2nd/3rd/4th….)?

Fertilizer application happens mainly during seedling and tillering stages.

Pre-

sowin

g

Pre-

emergence

Germinat

ion

Seedling Tillering Stem

Elongation

Pannicle

Initiation to

Booting

Heading Flowering

Fertilizer

Application

Aurora 0.3% 2% 3% 29% 41% 16% 4% 1% 4%

Iloilo 0.6% 3% 5% 34% 39% 14% 2% 1% 3%

Leyte 0.3% 8% 9% 28% 30% 15% 7% 0% 3%

1%

70%

28%

1%

Once Twice Thrice 4 times

Frequency of Fertilizer Application

98

Fertilizer Application - AURORA


Q43 On the average, how many times do you apply fertilizer on your RICE FARM, including basal fertilization?; Q44. In which of these crop stages here do you apply fertilizer?

On the average, growers apply fertilizer twice for the whole season, in which, majority of application is done during seedling to stem elongation stages.

Average Frequency:

2.3

Pre-

sowing

Pre-

emergence

Germination Seedling Tillering Stem

Elongation

Pannicle

Initiation to

Booting

Heading Flowering

Basal [N=6**] 100% --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

1st App [N=150] --- 1% 7% 59% 27% 3% 1% --- ---

2nd App [N=149] --- --- --- 8% 58% 21% 5% 7% 1%

3rd App [N=44] --- --- --- --- 32% 43% 9% 7% 5%

4th App [N=2**] --- --- --- --- 50% 50% --- --- ---

*small base

**very small base

68%

30%

2%



99

Fertilizer Application - ILOILO



On the average, growers apply fertilizer twice for the whole season, in which, majority of application is done during seedling to stem elongation stages.

Average Frequency:

2.3

Pre-

sowing

Pre-

emergence


Elongation

Pannicle

Initiation to

Booting

Heading Flowering

Basal [N=9**] 100% --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

1st App [N=150] --- 1% 9% 66% 23% 1% --- --- ---

2nd App [N=150] --- ---- 2% 10% 62% 22% 1% 3% ---

3rd App [N=48] --- --- --- 8% 25% 31% 10% 13% 4%

4th App [N=3**] --- --- --- 33% --- --- --- --- ---

D.K./N.A. = 67% *small base

**very small base

11%

68%

17% 3% 1%

Once Twice Thrice 4 times 5 times


100

Fertilizer Application – S. LEYTE



In Southern Leyte, fertilizers are applied from seedling up to booting stages.

Average Frequency:

2.1

Pre-

sowing

Pre-

emergence


Elongation

Pannicle

Initiation to

Booting

Heading Flowering

Basal [N=9**] 100% --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

1st App [N=150] --- 1% 19% 45% 30% 4% 1% --- ---

2nd App [N=150] --- --- --- 17% 36% 26% 11% 7% 1%

3rd App [N=48] --- --- --- --- 16% 29% 16% --- ---

4th App [N=3**] --- --- --- --- --- 17% 33% 17% ---

5th App - D.K./N.A. =

100% *small base

**very small base

101

Crop Protection Methods

Q48 What are all the methods do you do protect your rice plant from pests and diseases? What else? Q49. Which of these crop protection chemicals do you use?

Usage of chemical pesticide is the universal crop protection method of farmers across areas.

Among chemical protections, insecticides is the most used. Herbicides usage is also common among Aurora and

Iloilo growers, but in S. Leyte, low usage of herbicides.

100%

100%

98%

2%

5%

10%

1%

5%

1%

5%

3%

2%

Aurora

Iloilo

SouthernLeyte

Crop Protection Methods

Use of chemicalpesticides

Farmmonitoring

Use resistantand suitableseeds

Others (<5% inany area)

BASE: Total Sample: Aurora N=150; Iloilo N=150; S. Leyte N=150. Multiple answers.

36%

39%

47%

41%

90%

85%

11%

60%

53%

20%

99%

99%

98%

92%

100%

S. Leyte [N=147]

Iloilo [N=150]

Aurora [N=150]

Type of Crop Protection Chemicals Used

Insecticides

Herbicides

Fungicides

Molluscicides

Rodenticides

BASE: Total Who Used Chemical Pesticides. Aurora N=150; Iloilo N=150; S. Leyte N=147. Multiple answers.

Only chemicals with at least 10%

mention in any area is shown.

102

Herbicide Application – AURORA

BASE: Herbicide users: Aurora [N=148]. Multiple answers.

Q50 At which stages in this card do you use herbicides on your rice farm?; Q51 How many times do you spray herbicides at this stage

Farmers from Aurora use herbicide mostly during the seedling and tillering stages.

Crop Growth Stages When Herbicide

Application is Done

73%

27%

Once Twice

Frequency of Herbicide Application Average Frequency:

1.3

Frequency of

Application

Pre-

sowing

Pre-

emergence


Elongation

Panicle

Initiation to

Booting

Heading Flowering

TOTAL Aurora

[n=148] 1% 7% 16% 64% 34% 3% 1% 1% ---

Once [N=108] 1% 3% 12% 66% 19% --- --- --- ---

Twice [N=40] --- 18% 28% 60% 78% 13% 3% 3% ---

103

Herbicide Application – ILOILO


Similar to Aurora, Iloilo growers use herbicide mostly during the seedling and tillering stages.

BASE: Herbicide users: Iloilo [N=148]. Multiple answers.


Application is Done

59% 34%

7%

Once Twice Thrice


1.5

Frequency of

Application

Pre-

sowing

Pre-

emergence


Elongation

Panicle

Initiation to

Booting

Heading Flowering

TOTAL Iloilo

[N=148] 3% 1% 14% 68% 51% 9% 1% 1% 1%

Once [N=87] 1% 1% 9% 63% 25% --- --- --- ---

Twice [N=51] 8% --- 18% 73% 86% 12% 4% --- ---

Thrice [N=10**] --- --- 30% 80% 90% 80% --- 10% 10%

*small base

**very small base

104

Herbicide Application – SOUTHERN LEYTE

BASE: Herbicide users: Southern Leyte [N=29]. Multiple answers.


Low usage of herbicide in S. Leyte. For those who apply herbicide, majority apply it during pre-sowing and tillering stages..


Application is Done

97%

3%

Once Twice


1.0

Frequency of

Application

Pre-

sowing

Pre-

emergence


Elongation

Panicle

Initiation to

Booting

Heading Flowering

TOTAL S. Leyte

[N=29] 38% 14% 3% 10% 28% 3% --- 3% 3%

Once [N=28] 36% 14% 4% 11% 25% 4% --- 4% 4%

Twice [N=1**] 100% --- --- --- 100% --- --- --- ---

*small base

**very small base

Weeds Targeted to Control

BASE: Total Herbicide users: Aurora N=148; Iloilo N=148; Southern Leyte N=29. Multiple answers.

Q52 Which of these weeds (SHOWCARD) do you want to control at this stage?

Aurora and Iloilo farmers are more concerned about Jungle rice, while Southern Leyte considers Kangkong as their farms major weed.

61%

40%

26%

16% 16% 11%

5%

55%

30% 22% 17% 5% 13% 11% 11% 1%

10% 14% 14%

7% 3%

48%

14%

Aurora Iloilo Souther Leyte

105

Ave. # of Weeds

Experience

Aurora 2.3

Iloilo 2.3

S. Leyte 1.5

Only targets with at least 10% mention

in any area is shown.


Target Weeds per Growth Stage/1

BASE: Total Who Applied Herbicide By Stage


Leyte

PS – PRE-SOWING N=1 N=5 N=11

Kangkong --- --- 45%

Echinocloa colona (jungle rice) --- 80% 9%

Cyperus iria (rice flat sedge, umbrella sedge) --- --- 27%

PE- PRE-EMERGENCE N=10 N=1 N=4

Echinocloa colona (jungle rice) 80% --- ---

Echinocloa crus-galli (water grass, common barnyard grass, telebisyon, marapagay) 30% --- ---

GERMINATION N=24 N=20 N=1

Echinocloa colona (jungle rice) 54% 70% 100%

Echinocloa crus-galli (water grass, common barnyard grass, telebisyon, marapagay) 21% 20% ---

Ischaemum rugosum (wrinkle duck-beak, trigo-trigo/tinitrigo, gulong lapas, daua) 21% --- ---

Cyperus difformis (small flower umbrella plant, balayang) --- 15% 100%

Cyperus iria (rice flat sedge, umbrella sedge) 13% 5% ---

Fimbristylis miliacea (lesser fimbristylis, grasslike fimbristylis, hoorahgrass, ubod-ubod

gumi) 13% --- ---

SEEDLING N=95 N=100 N=3

Echinocloa colona (jungle rice) 58% 48% 33%


Ischaemum rugosum (wrinkle duck-beak, trigo-trigo/tinitrigo, gulong lapas, daua) 23% 18% ---

Cyperus iria (rice flat sedge, umbrella sedge) 14% 14% ---

Fimbristylis miliacea (lesser fimbristylis, grasslike fimbristylis, hoorahgrass, ubod-ubod

gumi) 12% 13% ---

Sphenochlea zeylanica (gooseweed, dilang butiki) 18% 2% ---

Paray-paray --- 10% ---

Echinocola colona, more known as jungle rice is the top major concern of rice growers as it is present across all stages.

106

Only targets with at least 3 mentions in

any area is shown. For seedling and

tillering, at least 10 mentions.

Target Weeds per Growth Stage/2



Leyte

TILLERING N=51 N=75 N=8

Echinocloa colona (jungle rice) 51% 23% ---



Cyperus iria (rice flat sedge, umbrella sedge) 12% 13% 15%

STEM ELONGATION N=5 N=14 N=1



Sphenochlea zeylanica (gooseweed, dilang butiki) --- 21% ---

PANICLE INITIATION TO BOOTING N=1 N=2


107

BASE: Total Who Applied Herbicide By Stage

Only targets with at least 3 mentions in

any area is shown. For seedling and

tillering, at least 10 mentions.

Echinocola colona, more known as jungle rice is the top major concern of rice growers as it is present across all stages.

Herbicide Products Usage

Q53. What brand of herbicides do you normally use?; Q54. What is the dosage for [brand] that you use for one hectare of rice farm?

Nominee 100 SC is the most common used herbicide in Aurora and Iloilo. Iloilo growers use higher dosage rate as compared to Aurora.

108

BASE: Total Herbicide users: Aurora N=148; Iloilo N=148; Southern Leyte N=29. Multiple answers.

63%

20% 18% 16% 15% 11%

0,49 0,43

0,60

0,89

0,56

0,81

0,00

0,20

0,40

0,60

0,80

1,00

1,20

1,40

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

140%

Herbicide Usage - Aurora Incidence

Rate % Ave. Dosage

(in ml/ha)

43% 33%

16% 14% 11% 10%

0,91 0,89 0,91

1,12

0,70

1,28

0,00

0,20

0,40

0,60

0,80

1,00

1,20

1,40

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

140%

Herbicide Usage - Iloilo Incidence

Rate %

Ave. Dosage

(in ml/ha)

72% 10%

0,43

0,20

0,00

0,20

0,40

0,60

0,80

1,00

1,20

1,40

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

140%

Generic 2,4 D Londax WP

Herbicide Usage – S. Leyte Incidence

Rate %

Ave. Dosage

(in ml/ha)

Only brands with at least 10% mentions

are shown

Herbicide Brands Used to Control Weeds

Q53. What brand of herbicides do you normally use?

Nominee, Ricestar and Sofit are broad-spectrum products. It can control wide varieties of weeds.

109

BASE: Total Who Experienced the Weeds. Multiple answers.

AURORA Nominee

100 SC

Ricestar

Xtra

Sofit

300 EC

Pyanchor Generic

2,4-D

Direk

800

Advance

EC

Echinocloa colona (jungle rice) [N=90] 32% 7% 12% 11% 7% 6% 6%

Echinocloa crus-galli (common barnyard grass) [N=59] 31% 12% 5% 3% 7% 8%

Ischaemum rugosum (trigo-trigo) [39] 18% 8% 8% 10% 8% 3% 5%

Cyperus iria (rice flat sedge) [N=23] 43% 13% 4% 9%

Sphenochlea zeylanica (gooseweed) [N=23] 39% 4% 4% 9%

Fimbristylis miliacea (hoorahgrass) [N=17] 12% 18% 18%

Only targets with at least 10 mentions

are shown

ILOILO Nominee

100 SC

Ricestar

Xtra Tornado

Sofit

300 EC

Generic

2,4-D Pyanchor

Clincher

100 EC

Direk

800

Echinocloa colona (jungle rice) [N=82] 16% 13% 11% 9% 4% 10% 1% 1%

Echinocloa crus-galli (common barnyard grass) [N=45] 13% 18% 7% 7% 4% 4% 2%

Ischaemum rugosum (trigo-trigo) [N=33] 30% 24% 9% 3%

Cyperus iria (rice flat sedge) [N=25] 20% 12% 12% 4% 4% 4%

Paray-paray [N=17] 35% 12% 12% 18%

Fimbristylis miliacea (hoorahgrass) [N=19] 26% 5% 11% 11% 11%

Cyperus difformis (balayang) [N=16] 6% 19% 13% 19% 6% 6%

110

Insecticide Application – AURORA

BASE: Insecticide users: Aurora [N=150]

Q55 At which stages in this card do you use insecticides on your rice farm? ; Q56 How many times do you spray insecticides at this stage?

Insecticide is applied in multiple stages, starting from seedling up to flowering stages.

Crop Growth Stages When

Insecticide Application is Done

27% 40%

14% 7% 7% 5%

Once Twice Thrice 4 times 5 times 6 times

Frequency of Insecticide Application Average Frequency:

2.4

Frequency of

Application

Pre-

sowing

Pre-

emergence


Elongation

Panicle

Initiation to

Booting

Heading Flowering Ripening

TOTAL Aurora --- 1% 1% 43% 73% 33% 27% 33% 31% 1%

Once [N=40] --- --- --- 33% 55% --- --- 8% 5% ---

Twice [N=60] --- 3% 2% 32% 75% 22% 18% 22% 27% ---

Thrice [N=21*] --- --- --- 62% 71% 57% 29% 38% 43% ---

4times [N=10**] --- --- --- 70% 100% 80% 50% 60% 40% ---

5 times [N=11**] --- --- --- 64% 91% 73% 100% 100% 73% ---

6 times [N=8**] --- --- --- 75% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 25%

*small base

**very small base

111

Insecticide Application – ILOILO

BASE: Insecticide users: Iloilo [N=138]

Q55 At which stages in this card do you use insecticides on your rice farm? ; Q56 How many times do you spray insecticides at this stage?

Similar to Aurora, Iloilo growers normally spray insecticides from seedling to flowering stages.

26% 40%

24% 7% 2% 1%



2.2



Frequency of

Application

Pre-

sowing

Pre-

emergence


Elongation

Panicle

Initiation to

Booting


TOTAL Iloilo 1% 1% 3% 44% 67% 33% 19% 30% 25% 1%

Once [N=36] --- --- --- 17% 39% 8% 11% 17% 8% ---

Twice [N=55] --- 2% 2% 55% 64% 24% 5% 25% 22% 2%

Thrice [N=33] 3% --- 6% 64% 91% 52% 30% 27% 27% ---

4 times [N=9**] --- --- 11% 22% 89% 78% 56% 78% 67% ---

5 times [N=3**] --- --- --- 33% 100% 100% 67% 100% 100% ---

6 times [N=2**] --- --- --- 50% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 50%

*small base

**very small base

112

Insecticide Application – SOUTHERN LEYTE

BASE: Insecticide users: Southern Leyte [N=144]

Q55 At which stages in this card do you use insecticides on your rice farm?; Q56 How many times do you spray insecticides at this stage?

40% 35% 15% 6% 2% 1%



2.0



Frequency of

Application

Pre-

sowing

Pre-

emergence


Elongation

Panicle

Initiation to

Booting


TOTAL S.Leyte 1% 1% 4% 18% 38% 24% 29% 28% 51% 3%

Once [N=58] --- --- --- 9% 12% 19% 14% 12% 33% 2%

Twice [N=51] --- --- 6% 22% 49% 14% 25% 33% 49% 2%

Thrice [N=22*] --- --- 9% 23% 45% 32% 59% 45% 82% 5%

4 times [N=9**] 11% --- 11% 33% 89% 67% 56% 33% 89% 11%

5 times [N=3**] --- --- --- 33% 100% 100% 67% 100% 100% ---

6 times [N=1**] --- 100% --- 100% 100% --- 100% 100% 100% ---

*small base

**very small base

Across all provinces, spraying of insecticide occurs during seedling to flowering stages.

Insects Targeted to Control

Q57 Which of these insects (SHOWCARD) do you ant to control at this stage?

Stemborer and rice bug are the major insect pests across all areas.

BASE: Total Insecticide users: Aurora N=150; Iloilo N=138; Southern Leyte N=144

57%

52%

44%

38% 38%

27% 24%

19%

11%

51%

38%

7%

29%

36%

27% 30%

25% 22%

43%

59%

13%

32%

22% 24%

18%

8% 6%

12%

Stemborer Rice bug Rice blackbug

Armyworm Greenleafhopper

Rice leaffolder Cutworm Greensemilooper

Planthopper Pidyangaw


113

Target Insect Pests per Growth Stage/1

Q52 Which of these insects (SHOWCARD) do you want to control at this stage?

Stemborer seems to be the most serious pest as it attacks in almost all the stages of rice.

114

BASE: Total Who Applied Insecticide By Stage


Leyte

PE- PRE-EMERGENCE N=2 N=1 N=1

Cutworm 50% 100% 100%

Rice leafhopper 50% --- 100%

GERMINATION N=1 N=4 N=6

Armyworm --- 25% 50%

Rice black bug 100% 25% 17%

Planthopper --- 50% ---


Stemborer 37% 28% 15%

Green leafhopper 29% 21% 23%

Armyworm 28% 13% 31%

Cutworm 18% 23% 15%

Rice leafhopper 23% 11% 23%





Armyworm 17% 14% 26%

Cutworm 19% 17% 13%

Rice bug 17% 14% 17%

Rice leafhopper 16% 17% 11%

Green semilooper 14% 14% 7%


Planthopper 4% 12% 7%

For seedling to flowering, only targets

with at least 10 mentions are shown.

Target Insect Pests per Growth Stage/2

Q52 Which of these insects (SHOWCARD) do you want to control at this stage?

115


Leyte



Rice bug 20% 22% 24%

Armyworm 8% 22% 18%


PANICLE INITIATION TO BOOTING N=41 N=26 N=42


Rice bug 49% 12% 33%

Armyworm 15% 8% 31%

HEADING N=49 N=41 N=41

Rice bug 63% 27% 54%



FLOWERING N=47 N=35 N=74

Rice bug 68% 43% 53%


Armyworm 21% 9% 12%



RIPENING N=2 N=2 N=4

Rice bug 100% --- 75%

BASE: Total Who Applied Insecticide By Stage

Stemborer seems to be the most serious pest as it attacks in almost all the stages of rice.

For seedling to flowering, only targets

with at least 10 mentions are shown.

Insecticide Brands Normally Used

Q58. What brand of insecticides do you normally use?

Different insecticide products dominated each province, Bulldock in Aurora, Magnum in Iloilo and Lannate in S. Leyte.

116

BASE: Total Insecticide Users: Aurora N=150; Iloilo N=138; Southern Leyte N=144. Multiple answers.

25% 17% 15% 11% 11% 11% 10%

0,49

0,31

0,62

0,49

0,21

0,43 0,41

0,00

0,20

0,40

0,60

0,80

1,00

1,20

1,40

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

140%

Insecticide Usage - Aurora Incidence

Rate % Ave. Dosage

(in ml/ha)

30% 25% 20% 14% 13%

0,74 0,65

0,25

1,02

0,44

0,00

0,20

0,40

0,60

0,80

1,00

1,20

1,40

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

140%

Insecticide Usage - Iloilo Incidence

Rate %

Ave. Dosage

(in ml/ha)

47% 33% 22% 19% 18% 10%

0,35 0,46

1,00

0,54 0,56

0,67

0,00

0,20

0,40

0,60

0,80

1,00

1,20

1,40

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

140%

Insecticide Usage – S. Leyte Incidence

Rate %

Ave. Dosage

(in ml/ha)

Only brands with at least 10% mentions

are shown

Q55. At which stages in this card do you use insecticides on your rice farm?

117

Insecticide Brands Used to Control Insects

BASE: Total Who Experienced the Insects. Multiple answers.

AURORA Bulldock 25

EC X-press

Lannate 40

SP Cymbush Brodan

Magnum 5

EC

Padan 50

SP Lambda

Vindex

Plus

Stemborer [N=86] 23% 10% 3% 14% 9% 10% 12% 6% 5%

Rice bug [N=78] 32% 21% 19% 5% 4% 1% 6% 5% 17%

Rice black bug [N=66] 20% 14% 17% 5% 8% 3% 8% 6% 2%

Armyworm [N=57] 16% 7% 9% 7% 7% 12% 4% 4% 4%

Green leafhopper [N=57] 19% 9% 5% 11% 4% 9% 5% 5% 2%

Rice leaffolder [N=41] 22% 7% 15% 10% 5% 7% 10% --- 2%

Cutworm [N=36] 17% 6% 8% 17% 11% 11% 3% 8% ---

Green semilooper [N=29] 34% 17% 10% 3% 7% 3% 7% 3% 3%

Planthopper [N=17] 6% 6% 6% 6% --- 18% 6% 6% 6%


are shown

ILOILO Magnum 5 EC Chix 2.5 EC Solomon Padan 50 SP Cartap Brodan Cymbush Bulldock 25 EC

Stemborer [N=70] 17% 26% 9% 1% 10% 6% 1% 9%

Green leafhopper [N=50] 26% 12% 8% 8% 4% 6% 4% 8%

Rice bug [N=53] 15% 9% 26% 4% 2% 4% 6% 8%

Cutworm [N=41] 27% 17% --- 7% 7% 7% 12% ---

Rice leaffolder [N=37] 22% 19% 14% 8% 16% 3% 5% 3%

Armyworm [N=40] 28% 15% 3% 5% 3% 3% 8% 5%

Green semilooper [N=34] 15% 15% 12% 9% --- 9% 6% 3%

Planthopper [N=30] 10% 20% 13% 17% 3% 3% 3% ---

Most of the insecticide products control wide variety of insects.

Q55. At which stages in this card do you use insecticides on your rice farm?

118

Insecticide Brands Used to Control Insects

BASE: Total Who Experienced the Insects. Multiple answers.

SOUTHERN LEYTE Lannate 40

SP Karate Cymbush Magnum 5 EC Chix 2.5 EC Bida Padan 50 SP

Black

Hawk Brodan

Rice bug [N=85] 45% 25% 9% 16% 13% --- 1% 4% 7%

Stemborer [N=62] 19% 21% 11% 18% 8% 8% 6% 8% 2%

Armyworm [N=46] 20% 39% 20% 9% 13% 9% 11% --- 9%

Rice leaffolder [N=34] 26% 9% 15% 9% 12% 9% 3% 6% 6%

Green leafhopper [N=31] 32% 23% 29% 6% 13% 3% 3% --- 3%

Cutworm [N=26] 27% 15% 12% 15% 15% 12% 12% --- 4%

Rice black bug [N=19] 37% 26% 16% 5% 11% --- --- --- ---

Pidyangaw [N=17] 47% 18% 35% 12% 6% --- --- 6% ---


are shown

Most of the insecticide products control wide variety of insects.

119

Fungicide Application – AURORA

BASE: Fungicide users: Aurora [N=79]

Q60 At which stages in this card do you use fungicides on your rice farm?; Q61 How many times do you spray fungicides at this stage?

Incidence of fungicide usage highest during the tillering stage and seen to taper off during panicle initiation and increases during heading stage.

77%

18% 5%

Once Twice Thrice

Frequency of Fungicide Application Average Frequency:

1.3


Fungicide Application is Done

Frequency of

Application

Pre-

sowing

Pre-

emergence


Elongation

Panicle

Initiation to

Booting


TOTAL Aurora --- --- --- 15% 48% 24% 9% 22% 10% ---

Once [N=61] --- --- --- 13% 43% 18% 7% 13% 7% ---

Twice [N=14*] --- --- --- 29% 64% 29% 14% 43% 21% ---

Thrice [N=4**] --- --- --- --- 75% 100% 25% 75% 25% ---

*small base

**very small base

120

Fungicide Application – ILOILO

BASE: Fungicide users: Iloilo [N=90]


Incidence of fungicide usage highest during the tillering stage and seen to taper off during panicle initiation and increases during heading stage.

62%

30% 6% 2%



1.5



Frequency of

Application

Pre-

sowing

Pre-

emergence


Elongation

Panicle

Initiation to

Booting


TOTAL Iloilo --- --- --- 19% 54% 27% 17% 26% 9% 1%

Once [N=56] --- --- --- 11% 46% 16% 9% 16% 2% ---

Twice [N=27*] --- --- --- 30% 67% 37% 19% 33% 15% ---

Thrice [N=5**] --- --- --- 40% 60% 60% 60% 60% 20% ---

6 times [N=2**] --- --- --- 50% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 50%

*small base

**very small base

121

Fungicide Application – SOUTHERN LEYTE

BASE: Fungicide users: Aurora [N=16]


Very few growers who apply fungicide in their rice crop in S. Leyte.

100%

Once


1.0



Frequency of

Application

Pre-

sowing

Pre-

emergence


Elongation

Panicle

Initiation to

Booting


TOTAL S. Leyte --- --- --- 13% 25% 19% 13% 6% 25% ---

Once [N=16] --- --- --- 13% 25% 19% 13% 6% 25% ---

*small base

**very small base

Diseases Targeted to Control

Q62 Which of these diseases (SHOWCARD) do you want to control at this stage ?

Brown spot is most common in Aurora and Iloilo, while tungro attacks more in S. Leyte.

BASE: Total Fungicide Users: Aurora N=79; Iloilo N=90; Southern Leyte N=16

53%

28% 29%

15%

27%

13%

51%

26%

14%

26%

16% 11% 13%

19%

44%

25%

19%

13%

Brown spot Rice blast Tungro Bacterial leaf blight Sheath blight Rice grassy stunt


122

Q62. Which of these diseases (SHOWCARD) do you want to control at this stage?

Target Diseases per Growth Stage/1

123

BASE: Total Who Applied Fungicide By Stage


Leyte


Brown spot 58% 29% ---

Tungro 50% 18% 100%


Brown spot 53% 51% 25%

Rice blast 24% 20% ---

Tungro 26% 12% 75%

Bacterial leaf blight 5% 24% ---

Rice grassy stunt 16% 14% 50%

Sheath blight 16% 6% ---



Sheath blight 26% 29% ---

Tungro 26% 8% 33%

PANICLE INITIATION TO BOOTING N=7 N=15 N=2


HEADING N=17 N=23 N=1

Brown spot 59% 30% 100%

Rice blast 53% 26% 100%

Sheath blight 47% --- 100%

Only targets with at least 5 mentions are

shown

Brown spot appears in all stages of rice.

Fungicide Products Usage

Q63 What brand of fungicides do you normally use?

Funguran is present in all three provinces and amongst the top brands most used.

124

BASE: Total Insecticide Users: Aurora N=79; Iloilo N=90; Southern Leyte N=16. Multiple answers.

27% 18%

8% 6% 6% 6% 0,44 0,41

5,50

0,34 0,32 0,30 0,00

1,00

2,00

3,00

4,00

5,00

6,00

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

140%

Fungicide Usage - Aurora Incidence

Rate % Ave. Dosage

(in ml/ha)

27% 21% 12% 9%

0,95

0,70

0,59

0,42

0,00

0,20

0,40

0,60

0,80

1,00

1,20

1,40

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

140%

Fungicide Usage - Iloilo Incidence

Rate %

Ave. Dosage

(in ml/ha)

25% 13% 13%

1,08

0,70

0,24

0,00

0,20

0,40

0,60

0,80

1,00

1,20

1,40

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

140%

Lannate 40SP

Dithane Funguran

Fungicide Usage – S. Leyte Incidence

Rate %

Ave. Dosage

(in ml/ha)

Only brands with at least 5 mentions are

shown. For S.. Leyte, brands with at

least 2 mentions.

Q63 What brand of fungicides do you normally use?

125

Fungicide Brands Used to Control Diseases

BASE: Total Who Experienced the Diseases. Multiple answers.

AURORA Armure 300 EC Funguran Lannate 40 SP Fungitox Furadan Bulldock 25 EC Dithane Wild Kid

Brown spot [N=42] 33% 17% 10% 5% --- 2% 7% 2%

Rice blast [N=23] 26% 9% 4% 4% 4% 17% 4% 13%

Tungro [N=22] 5% 18% 9% 9% 9% 0% 5% 9%

Sheath blight [N=21] 33% 14% 5% 5% --- 5% 5% 5%

Bacterial leaf blight [N=12] 17% 25% --- --- 8% --- --- ---

Rice grassy stunt [N=10] 30% --- --- 10% 10% --- --- ---


are shown

ILOILO Dithane Funguran Armure 300 EC Folicur

Brown spot [N=96] 21% 11% 4% 2%

Rice blast [N=23] 22% 17% 9% 35%

Bacterial leaf blight [N=23] 26% 9% 17% 9%

Sheath blight [N=14] 7% 14% 36% 29%

Tungro [N=13] 8% 38% 8% 15%

Rice grassy stunt [N=10] 10% 50% 10% 0%

Armure is used to control all types of diseases both in Aurora and Iloilo.

Molluscide and Rodenticides Normally Used

Q65. What brands of molluscicides do you normally use in your rice farm? What else?; Q66. What brands of rodenticides for you normally use in your rice farm? What else?

Bayonet is the most popular molluscicide brand in Aurora and Southern Leyte while Surekill for Iloilo farmers.

For rodenticide, the most popular across areas is Zinc Phosphide 80 DP

BASE: Total Molluscicide users: Aurora N=127; Iloilo N=135; Southern Leyte N=61. Total Rodenticide users: Aurora N=70; Iloilo N=59; Southern Leyte N=53

62%

27%

59%

19% 21% 8% 8%

48% 28% 36%

11% 5%


Molluscicide Brands Used Bayonet

Bayluscide 250 EC

Surekill

Others

126

57% 61% 60%

9% 39% 30% 22% 11%


Rodenticide Brands Used

Zinc Phosphide 80 DP

Racumin Dust

Others

Soil Water Saving Practices

Q71. Once again, I will read out some statements to you, please tell me if the statement is right or wrong. I can save water in my rice farm if…

Farmers generally agree with the soil water saving practices presented to them.

BASE: Total : Aurora N=150; Iloilo N=150; Southern Leyte N=150

1% 2% 1% 6%

1% 7% 1% 3%

4% 3%

99% 98% 99% 94%

99% 93%

99% 100% 97% 96% 100% 97%

Aurora Iloilo Leyte Aurora Iloilo Leyte Aurora Iloilo Leyte Aurora Iloilo Leyte

No Yes

S1. Level the field

S2. Prepare the land to

minimize water loss and

create a hard pan

S3. Will construct bunds

and repair any cracks or

holes

S4. Will construct field

channels to control the

flow of water to and from

your field

127

128

Stages When Farmer Irrigate Farm & Water Level Condition

BASE: Total Who Do Irrigation : AURORA Dry N=150; Wet N=149

Q72 At which stages of rice production do you irrigate your rice area?; Q74. What should be the measurement or level of water from the ground during [mention stage]?

Most of the irrigation is done during vegetative and reproductive stages.

Pre-

sowing

Pre-

emergence


Elongation

Pannicle

Initiation to

Booting


7% 5% 17%

77%

98% 87% 85%

75%

60%

4% 7% 5%

70%

15%

85% 75% 70% 64% 48%

4%

Stages When Farmer Irrigate Farm - AURORA Dry

Wet

18,3 12,7

18,0 16,3 20,0 21,0 21,0 21,0 21,0 18,0

8,3 6,3 5,4 6,1 6,8 7,3 7,5 7,0 6,9 9,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,3 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 2,5 0

20

40 Water Level From The Ground (in cm)

Average Frequency:

Dry-5; Wet-4

Vegetative Phase Reproductive Phase Ripening Phase Seedlings Prep Phase

129


BASE: Total Who Do Irrigation : ILOILO Dry N=147; Wet N=148


More number of irrigation is done by Iloilo growers, with an average of 6 irrigation per season.

Pre-

sowing

Pre-

emergence


Elongation

Pannicle

Initiation to

Booting


29%

7%

22%

95% 99% 99% 99% 99% 92%

1% 28% 7%

95%

21%

98% 99% 99% 97% 91%

2%

Stages When Farmer Irrigate Farm - ILOILO Dry

Wet

15,2 10,2

15,2 15,2 20,0 20,0 20,0 20,0 20,0

5,0 6,1 4,7 5,4 5,7 6,8 7,4 7,8 8,2 8,2 4,0 1,3 1,0 1,0 1,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 3,0 0

20


Average Frequency:

Dry-6.4; Wet-6.4

Vegetative Phase Ripening Phase Seedlings Prep Phase Reproductive Phase

130



Rice growers in Southern Leyte are irrigating their farms in almost all stages.

Pre-

sowing

Pre-

emergence


Elongation

Pannicle

Initiation to

Booting


80%

37% 49%

70%

93% 94% 99% 97% 95%

25% 79%

36%

70% 48%

93% 93% 97% 96% 95%

25%

Stages When Farmer Irrigate Farm – S. LEYTE

22,9

15,2 15,2 20,0 20,3 20,3 20,3 20,3 20,3

15,2

6,1 5,1 5,1 5,2 5,9 5,8 5,9 5,8 5,5 4,4 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,3 2,0 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,3 0

10

20


Average Frequency:

Dry-7.4; Wet-7.3

BASE: Total Who Do Irrigation : S. LEYTE Dry N=150; Wet N=149

Vegetative Phase Ripening Phase Seedlings Prep Phase Reproductive Phase

78%

61%

93%

21%

4% 4% 7%

33%

1% 11% 7% 6%


Visual Indicators for Rice Harvest 80%-85% of grains arestraw-colored (yellow-colored)

Grains should be firm butnot brittle when squeezedbetween the teeth

Leaves are red

Others

Indicators for Rice Harvest/ Harvesting Method

Q76. How do you determine if the RICE can be harvested already? What are the signs that you consider to know when to harvest the RICE? What else?

Most popular indicator for rice harvest will be the color of the grains followed by the firmness of grains and color of leaves.

Majority of the farmers harvest manually.

91% 97% 99%

9% 3% 1%

Aurora Iloilo Leyte

Methods of Harvesting

Mechanical

Manual

BASE: Total : Aurora N=150; Iloilo N=150; Southern Leyte N=150. Multiple Answers

131

97% 99% 96%

1% 1% 3% 3% 2% 1% 1% 1% 1%

Aurora[N= 86]

Iloilo[N= 150]

S. Leyte[N= 150]

Method or Drying

Sun drying Heated air drying Solar

Field drying and stacking Flat bed dryer In-store drying

Don't know / no answer

Incidence of Drying Harvest / Method of Drying Rice

Q76. Did you dry Rice from your last harvest? ; Q79 What is the usual method of rice drying do you use?

Drying rice is a prominent practice across areas. However, notable number of farmers did not employ drying in Aurora. Most common method for drying

harvest is through sun drying.


43%

57%

100% 100%

Aurora Iloilo SouthernLeyte

Whether Dry Harvest

Yes

No

BASE: Those who dry their harvest

132

Incidence of Storing Harvest / Method of Drying Rice

Q82. Did you store rice from your last harvest? Q83. Where do you normally store rice? Q85. For what purpose did you store the rice?

Storing harvest is a very common practice by farmers across areas. They store their harvest mainly in their own house.


59%

99% 96%

41%

1% 4%

Aurora Iloilo Leyte

No

Yes

93%

48%

74%

6%

51%

22%

1%

1% 1%

1% Aurora[N= 89]

Iloilo[N= 149]

S. Leyte[N= 144]

Purpose of Harvest Storage

Domestic use Seed Off-seasonal sales Seasonal sales

91%

90%

82%

1%

1%

8%

10%

17%

Aurora[N= 89]

Iloilo[N= 149]

S. Leyte[N= 144]

Harvest Storage

Own house Rice mill Warehouse

133


Q136 Are you a member of any organization or institution in your area or not?; Q137 Which organization or institution are you member of? Which else?

Highest incidence of organization membership is seen among Leyte farmers while more than half of Aurora farmers are unassociated with any group.

Farmers are mostly involved with the farmers’ association. None of the Aurora farmers are associated with NIA association.

Note: Only included those with mentions

3% and above


45%

54%

59%

53%

45%

40%

3%

1%

1%

Aurora

Iloilo

Leyte

Whether a member of Organization/s

Yes No Don't know /No answer

42%

68%

45%

19%

28%

39%

25%

10% 10%

1% 12% 9%

28%

Aurora (N=67) Iloilo (N=81) Southern Leyte (N=89)

Organizations a Member of

Farmers Association National Irrigation Administration

Farmers Cooperative Samahan ng Barangay

Others

BASE: Those Who Are Member of Organization/s

134

Services/Benefits Received From Organization

Q138. Which of the following services/benefits do you get from (ANSWER in Q137) as a member? Which else?

Agri training, cash loans and seed supplies are the common services/benefits received from organizations.

BASE: Total : Aurora N=67; Iloilo N=81; Southern Leyte N=89. Multiple Answers

34% 36%

45%

24% 17%

6%

18%

2% 4%

13%

42%

11% 10%

32% 34% 39%

22%

37%


Benefits Received from Organization

Trainings Credit/Loan Lends inputs Seed supply Others Don't know/No answer

135

Appendices:



Demographics

137

Whether Differentiate HH and Farm-Related Financial Matters

Q97. Normally, do you differentiate household and farm-related financial matters or not?; Q98. May I know why you do not differentiate the household and farm-related financial matters? Why else?; Q99. How do you normally prepare the budget for your rice farm? What I mean is, where do you base the budget?

Yes; 86%

Yes; 57%

Yes; 71%

No; 14%

No; 43%

No; 29%

S. Leyte

Iloilo

Aurora

Whether Differentiate HH and Farm-Related Financial Matters


Reasons for Not Differentiating Financial

Matters

Base: Total Who Do Not Differentiate

Financial Matters. Multiple Answers.

Aurora

N=44

Iloilo

N=64

S. Leyte

N=21

Hard/confusing if there's a separate budget as the

money is also used for family use 55% 58% 48%

Paying a lot of debts so the money is also being

spent for home-use 14% 2% 14%

No enough money, always short 5% 8% 10%

No other income, cannot separate the budget 13%

No money to budget 2% 3% 14%

If not spent everything for home-use, I still have

something to spend for the farm 2% 10%

40% 40%

57%

29%

45%

33% 31%

15% 10%


How Prepares the Budget

Previous cropping's expenses

Estimation

Available capital

Actual expenses


Majority of growers separate their HH financials from business. For those who do not separate their financials, main reason is the difficulty to

maintain it as the money for business is also being used for HH.

138

Investment Source

Q100. Where does your capital for rice production normally come from? Q101. How do you normally pay your borrowed capital? Q102. How much is the interest charge by (source of loan) in a month?

77% 70%

91%

7% 13% 2% 7% 10%

3% 4% 12%

3%


Income from previous rice cropping Owner of land owns capital Loan from relatives or friends (no interest)

Loaned money from financiers Income from other crops (besides rice)


How Pay Borrowed Capital [N=40]

• Pay after selling harvest (85%)



• Pay with harvested rice (31%)



• Pay with harvested rice (50%)

Ave. Interest Rate Per Mo

• 5.6% / mo


• 4.4% / mo


• 7.8% / mo

Capital for rice production usually comes from the previous cropping across all provinces. For those who borrowed the capital, the payment is

normally done after the harvest is sold.

Appendices:



Demographics

Profile of Respondent

Q149. Please tell me your age.; Q150. Gender; Q151. Marital Status; Q154. Educational Background

Farmers are mostly males, ages 35 to 64 yrs old, married and have reached until college education. Higher incidence of old farmers noted in Southern Leyte.


5% 5% 5%

26% 23% 15%

41% 40% 36%

23% 25% 39%

4% 6% 5%


Age of Respondent

65 years and up

55 to 64 years

45 to 54 years

35 to 44 years

< 35 years old

82% 75% 76%

18% 25% 24%


Gender

Female

Male

4% 12% 3%

93% 80%

95%

3% 8% 2%


Marital Status

Others

Married

Single

7% 30%

11% 13%

16%

13%

25%

15%

24%

49% 31% 51%

5% 9% 2%


Education

Others

Until high school

Until elementary

Until college

College graduate

140

Incidence of Having Kids

Q152. Do you have kids?; Q153 How many?

Majority of the farmers have kids, mostly 1 to 4 kids per farmer.

94% 87%

94%

6% 13%

6%

Aurora[N=150]

Iloilo[N=150]

Southern Leyte[N=150]

Whether Have Kids

Withoutkids

32% 34% 27%

38% 36% 43%

15% 18% 22%

11% 8% 6%

4% 3% 2%

Aurora (N=141) Iloilo (N=131) Leyte (N=141)

Number of Kids

9 and above kids

7-8 kids

5-6 kids

3-4 kids

1-2 kids

141

Profile of Spouse

Q156. Age of Spouse; Q157. Educational Background of Wife

Spouses are of the same age range as with their husbands. In terms of education, most of them managed to get an elementary

and high school education.

BASE: Total Who Are Married. Aurora N=140; Iloilo N=121; Southern Leyte N=143

14% 22% 21%

3%

2% 3% 13%

17% 28%

32%

31%

34%

24%

21%

9% 14%

7% 6%


Age of Wife

<35 years old

35 to 44 years

45 to 54 years

55 to 64 years

65 years and up

Refused

18% 13%

18%

52%

32%

59%

13%

19%

11%

13%

31%

8%

3% 5% 4%


Educational Background of Wife

Others

College graduate

Until college

Until high school

Until elementary

142

For any question, please contact:

Louella Rodriguez

Project Manager- South East Asia

Kleffmann Group

Phone: +632 - 9627343

Mobile: +63 917-3123455

E-mail: [email protected]

www.kleffmann.com

Noreen Acaylar

Regional Support Manager – Asia Pacific

Managing Director – South East Asia

Kleffmann Group

Phone: +632 - 9627343

Mobile: +63 917–513 3975

E-mail: [email protected]

http://www.kleffmann.com/

http://www.kleffmann.com/

Date post:	23-Apr-2023
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Better Rice Initiative Asia (BRIA)

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