BOKO HARAM INSURGENCYThe leader was Mohammed Yusuf

Alhaji Buji Foi was the sponsor of the group and was given summary execution on or about31/9/2009 at the Police Head-Quarters in Maiduguri. Foi was a Commissioner for ReligiousAffairs during the first term of Governor Ali Modu Sheriff. Before then, he had served twice asChairman of Kaga Local Council, among other top public offices in the state.

1.

Estimation of Human Life

EPA Puts the Value of Human Life at $9.1 Million; FDA Says $7.9 Million

How much does human life cost?

The value of life has gone up in the past few years, according to the calculations of a number of government agencies about how much should be spent to prevent a single death. The Environmental Protection Agency set the value of life at $9.1million last year, quite a bit up from the $6.8 million figure the agency used during the Bush Administration. The Food and Drug Administration says that life is worth $7.9 million last year, another increase over an earlier figure: In 2008, the FDA put an $5 million value on life.  The Transportation Agency sets its sights a little lower, quoting values of around $6 million for a life.

Taking a more philosophical, and humanistic, stance that the value of life is priceless and can’t be estimated, perhaps the question to ask is, how much are we willing to pay, tokeep ourselves alive? High figures or, perhaps, not high enough. These calculations are based on economic theories of cost-benefit analysis according to which ‘differences in

wages show the value that workers place on avoiding the risk of death,’ according to an article in the February 16th New York Times:

2.

Army, Boko Haram Clash Leaves 20 Dead in Borno

At least 20 people were killed when Islamist group Boko Haram attacked a town in northeastNigeria, triggering clashes with troops stationed there, the military said on Sunday.

A spokesman for Nigerian forces in northeastern Borno State, which lies at the heart of a four-year-old Islamist insurgency, said the Islamists crept into the town of Damboa in theearly hours of Saturday.

They killed five worshippers at a mosque as they said their morning prayers, he said.

"While they were unleashing their mayhem, troops ... engaged the terrorists, killing 15 inthe process while others fled," the military spokesman, Captain Aliyu Danja, said in a statement obtained by Reuters.

The military often gives significantly higher casualty figures for insurgents than for itsown men, and it is usually not possible to verify them independently.

Despite a concerted military offensive meant to crush Boko Haram since May, it remains thebiggest security threat to Africa's top energy producer.

Its targets have traditionally been security forces, Christians or Muslim clerics who speak out against it, but its fighters have increasingly turned their sights on civilians in the past few months - massacring hundreds in roadside attacks or assaults on Western-style schools they consider sacrilegious.

Nigerian fighter jets last week bombed camps belonging to suspected Islamist militants in northeast Nigeria in response to a massacre of students at an agricultural college that killed at least 41.

3.

Students Killed As Boko-Haram Attacks College Of Agriculture In Yobe.Scores of students have been killed in yet another attack by terrorist group, Boko Haram, in Yobe

state.

The insurgents attacked the College of Agriculture Gujba, 50 KM south of Damaturu, the state capital yesterday night and killed several students.

A staff of the school who confirmed the attack to Channels Television said several dead bodies arestill being recovered from bushes, hostels and classes in and around the school as scores were killed in the attack.

The source also revealed that surviving students are at the moment making efforts to re unite withtheir families in fear of further attacks by the insurgents.

The security agencies are yet to confirm the incident.

4. Borno Trains 800 Youths For Civilian JTF

Borno state government took the battle to end the four years Boko Haram crisis, as it flagged offan orientation exercise for 800 youth vigilante members, popularly called Civilian JTF, that have been in the vanguard of hunting down members of the outlawed sect.Flagging off the exercise, tagged Borno Youth Empowerment Scheme (BOYES), Governor Kashim Shettimasaid that government was gradually setting a stage by training volunteer youths, popularly called Civilian JTF, in partnership with the National Youth Service Corp (NYSC) towards ensuring effective state policing.

Shettima said government regarded the youth volunteers, now BOYES, as the greatest assets of Bornobecause of their zeal and commitment towards ensuring the immediate return of peace in the state.

He explained that the aim of the BOYES is to “ensure our youths discover or rediscover their

potentials, enhance these potentials with necessary skills, indoctrinate them into having a betterorganised love for their fatherland, make them conscious of what goes within and around them, train them to be conscious of the security of wider civilian population without taking laws into their hands so that they can lawfully help in policing their own communities.”

Continuing further, he said: “I am assuring you that, after this batch, we would again train another set of 800 youth and would continue so as to make sure that they are adequately compensated for their sacrifice for the peace of Borno state.

Speaking on behalf of the youth volunteers, Yusuf Garba expressed gratitude to the governor for his support to Borno youths, adding that since their camping at the NYSC camp, they have witnessedtremendous changes in their behavioural attitude in comparison to their old life style.

BOYES will surely maintain peace in Borno. Youths whom without any training or orientation drove away the dreaded Boko Haram from the streets of Maiduguri. Now with proper training, discipline and motivation they can do more. Remember that these youth achieved the feat of ridding Maidugurimetropolitan and Jere of Islamists within 2months. something the JTF with all the resources at their disposal could not do in years. For those uncomfortable. with the notion of BOYES, it is understandable. It is the same trepidation that Nigerians have about quasi militias like KAI, OYES, BAKASSI BOYS, HISBAH. Boyes was formed to counter a formidable internationally acclaimed terrorist organization

Meanwhile, Shettima while flagging of the exercise, tagged: Borno Youth Empowerment Scheme(BOYES), Shettima said government was gradually setting a stage by training volunteer youths in collaboration with the National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) towards ensuring a comprehensive state policing.

The governor, who commended the youths for their effort in bringing back peace to the

state capital, Maiduguri, said: “The aim of the BOYES is to ensure our youth discover or rediscover their potentials, enhance these potentials with necessary skills, indoctrinate them into having a better organised love for their fatherland, make them conscious of whatgoes within and around them, train them to be conscious of the security of wider civilian population without taking laws into their hands so that they can lawfully help in policingtheir own communities."

“These youth have demonstrated extra-ordinary courage and love for Borno State. They are like soldiers who return from the war front and should be integrated into the larger society. We are training them to be conscious of the security situation around them. We are training about 632 in the first batch and after their training we would ensure that they are properly engaged.”This Day

In an effort to tackle unemployment and reduce crimes in Borno State, Governor Kashim Shettima has declared automatic employment for all the vigilante youths under training with the state high- powered committee on youth rehabilitation and orientation headed by the deputy governor, Alhaji zanna umar Mustapha, yesterday in Maiduguri.

Governor Shettima made the declaration when he swore in the 800 unemployed youths drafted from the existing Civilian JTF in the state, for special training by the security operatives in collaboration with the NYSC officials and NDLEA including the military and paramilitary officials selected from various security operatives in the state for a 3-weekperiod vigorous training.Leadership Newspaper

The Borno State Government yesterday flagged off orientation programme for 800 youth vigilantes popularly known as civilian Joint Task Force (JTF) who are helping security agencies to hunt for Boko Haram members.

The youths are mostly from Maiduguri, Jere and Biu which have been worst affected by the insurgency.

Governor Kashim Shettima who flagged off the programme named Borno Youths Empowerment Scheme (BOYES) in Maiduguri applauded their efforts as laudable in the fight against the Boko Haram insurgents.

The governor said: “Today we gathered to start what I will call the implementation of an all-inclusive blueprint that is aimed at transforming our youths into becoming more productive. By bringing together this first batch of 800 youths drawn from about 10 units within Jere, Metropolitan and 50 each from Biu, Bama, Damboa Konguga, Kaga local government areas.’’ Daily Trust

Civilian JTF

5.

Extremists Gun Down 7 Civilians in Nigerian Mosque At DAMBOA, Gunmen believed to be Islamic militants (Boko Haram) lured Muslims with a call to prayer and gunned them down as they entered the mosque in Damboa village in the latest killings reported in an Islamic uprising in northeast Nigeria, residents and officials said.

The tactics used by Nigeria’s Boko Haram terrorist network in Saturday’s attack that killed seven residents seem to contradict the thinking of some other Islamic extremists onthe continent. Al-Shabab gunmen allowed Muslims to leave Kenya’s Westgate mall during their Sept. 21 attack, acting on the realization that the indiscriminate killing of Muslims is a strategic liability.

Survivors in Damboa told The Associated Press that almost all seven people killed were elderly men who used no watches and set the start of their day by the muezzin’s call. So they may not have realized that anything was wrong when Saturday’s call to prayer came at 4 a.m. instead of the usual 5 a.m.

Kolomi Abba said the attackers first went to the muezzin and forced him to chant the prayer early, then waited for their prey in the mosque. He spoke to an AP reporter on Sunday. Communications are difficult in parts of northeast Nigeria where the military in May cut cellphone and Internet service and barred the use of satellite phones to hinder the communication lines of the extremists.

Saturday’s attack turned Damboa’s mosque into a battleground. Soldiers protecting the village heard the cries of the men being killed and rushed to the scene. Military spokesman Capt. Aliyu Danja said the troops killed 15 attackers.

Most people would consider killing people in a mosque sacrilegious. But there have been several such atrocities carried out by militants believed to belong to the Boko Haram terrorist network that wants to overthrow the government to install an Islamic state across Nigeria — Africa’s biggest oil producer and home to more than 160 million people evenly divided between Christians and Muslims.

On Aug. 11, suspected militants gunned down 47 worshippers as they recited their early morning prayers at a mosque in Konduga, 90 kilometers (60 miles) from Damboa. Those gunmenfirebombed 51 homes before rampaging through a nearby village where they killed another 12civilians.

Damboa resident Abba suggested Saturday’s attack could be in retaliation for his recent formation of a youth vigilante group to fight the extremists.

Hundreds of people have been slain in recent months in northeast Nigeria in attacks that have increased despite a military state of emergency instituted on May 14 along with the deployment of thousands of troops, police officers and military intelligence agents.

Boko Haram began the latest insurgency in 2009, targeting government officials and officesand police officers and their stations after a crackdown in which security forces bombed their compound in Maiduguri, the capital of Borno state. Boko Haram’s leader, Mohammed Yusuf, was killed in police custody. Human rights groups say more than 3,000 people have been killed since then in attacks blamed on Boko Haram.

The militants also have killed Muslim clerics who have spoken out against their fanaticismand said their attacks are anti-Islamic. And they have killed health workers on vaccination campaigns, which they claim are a Western plot to make people sterile.

In January, the extremist network shocked Nigerians with the attempted assassination of the revered emir of Kano, the second most important spiritual leader of Nigeria’s Muslims.The emir escaped when gunmen on motorcycles attacked his convoy returning from a mosque innorthern Kano city, but his driver and two guards were killed.

Emir Ado Bayero said at the time that he has been very careful not to openly denounce the actions of the Islamic militants.

Boko Haram fighters also have targeted Christian churches. On Sept. 26, militants killed apastor and his son and burned down their church in neighboring Yobe state.

Boko Haram taps into the hopelessness and poverty suffered by millions in predominantly Muslim northern Nigeria, where 72 percent of people live on less than $1.25 a day comparedto 27 percent in the mainly Christian south, according to the New York-based Council on Foreign Relations.

In a study of Boko Haram, it quotes former Nigerian Cabinet minister Nasir Ahmad El-Rufai as saying, “An analysis of public investments in infrastructure and human capital in the northeast would explain why the region is not only home to flawed elections and economic hopelessness but the Boko Haram insurgency as well.

“Indeed, most of the apparent ethnic and religious crises in the North, and the youth violence and criminality in the south, can be linked to increasing economic inequality.”

6.

Boko Haram insurgency causes 100% increase incattle prices in Kaduna

The price of cattle has witnessed an over 100 per cent increase.

The insurgency in Northern Nigeria has caused a 70 per cent decrease in the supply of cattle to markets in Kaduna leading to an over 100 per cent increase in prices, a cattle dealer at Zango Cattle Market, Maishanu Na-Bello, said on Wednesday.

Mr. Na-Bello, who is also the Sarkin Fulani (leader of the Fulani cattle dealers) of the market, said in an interview in Kaduna that an average bull now goes for between N80, 000 and N200, 000 as against N30, 000 to N60,000 before the crises escalated.He said 110 trucks of cattle were supplied to the market daily before Boko Haram insurgents took over parts of the north.

Mr. Na-Bello said the supply had now drastically gone down to a “paltry 60 trucks weekly”.

He said the major supply route were Yobe, Borno and Chad Republic, adding that since the crises started, the cattle dealers had to explore other routes, adding that the bulk of the cattle now came from Mai’adua and Jibia markets in Katsina State.

Borno and Yobe are two of the three states where President Goodluck Jonathan declared a State of Emergency to check the insurgency; the third being Adamawa.

He also said the cost of conveying the cattle to the market had gone up.

According to him, a truck load of cattle which used to cost N30,000 from Damaturu to Kaduna two years ago, now attracts up to N120,000, while Katsina to Kaduna now cost N50,000 as against N15,000.

Another trader, Abdullahi Mohammad, however, said that the prices of goats and rams have remained stable and were not affected by the security situation.

“The price is usually seasonal. During the rainy season an average ram goes for about N12,000 and the same size may attract N14,000 or more in the dry season,” he said.Mr. Mohammed called on Nigerians to be law abiding and to pray for peace in the state and the country.

(NAN)

7. Date Information Human Estimate

KilledPolice Commissioner to Taraba state, Police Commissioner, MammanSule, the explosion claims 11 lives including the police Commissioner aids

26Th April 2012

- Suicide Bomber attacked the Abuja office of This dayNewspapers, four people died, while in Kaduna, a building housingThisday, The sun and the moment newspaper in Kaduna Metropolise,the bomber of media house in Kaduna who tried to escape was arrestedby public

10th June, 2012

The Boko Haram sect claimed responsibility for Sundayattack on two churches in Jos, Plateau and Bin, Borno state while thesuicide bomber struck the Christ chosen church Rukubu Road, JosPlateau state, some gunmen attacked the Ekilisiyan Yan’uwa in Nigerian(EYN) Church in Biu, Borno state. Five person were killed and 95 injuredin both attacks.

7th April, 2012

An explosion hits a polling booth at Unguwar Doki,Maiduguri, Borno state injuring more than ten people

21th April, 2011

Two suspected bomb is averted during a church serviceat the United Methodist Church opposite the Abubakar Tafawa BalewaUniversity teaching Hospital.

25th April, 2011

Three bomb blast trip through Tudu palace Hotel andKano motor park in Maiduguri Borno state.

28th April, 2011

13 people die and 40 others are injured after a bombexplosion occurred at eth mammy market of shandawanka barracks inBauchi, the Bauchi state capital.

29th May, 2011

Eight victims lose their legs after an explosion occurredat Zuba, a suburb of Kubuwa in Abuja.

30th July 2012

suspected Boko Haram terrorist scaled up their attacksBorno, Kaduna and Sokoto state respectively. Five people including thesuicide bomber died in bomb explosion. The terrorist at the VicePresident Namadi Sambo private resident in Tundun –Wada, Zaria killedone person and injured two policemen. While in Maiduguri, thefollowing areas listed as battle field are Adankolo, Shehuri, Limati andKaleri in Maiduguri metropolis. There was fighting between men of the

military joint Task Force (JJF) and some gun men in Budum adjourningthe four affect wards (Adankolo, Shehuri, Limanti andKaleri).

27th June, 2012

Boko Haram sect, attack five police station withexplosives with17 persons feared killed. Three suspect of the sect werearrested during the attacks on the police formation. The police stationattacks in Kano includes, Dala Police Division, Jakara Police Barracks,Gwaron Dutse Police Division, Challawa 52 Squardrom and in a privateresidence at Panshekara where a shattered body was found. InDamaturu, the Yobe state capital, gunmen of the sect attacked a policeoutpost in Sabon pegi ward and killed two civilians, as while injured awomen and her childduring gun exchange with the joint Taskforce (JJF).Suspected Terrorist also struck on Tuesday night in Taraba state killingthree person including a policeman in Wukari Local Council. The sectmembers numbering 30 gunmen also bombed three generation Banks,police station and a branch of a brewery firm.(The banks attacks are GTBank, UBA and Zenneth Bank) the PoliceDivisional Headquarters andArea Commander in Wukuri Taraba.

2ndApril 2012

In Kano five person shot dead in three incidents in theMetropolise, the Sheka area, Panshekara area and Zaria road all in Kanostate. Mean while, suspected Boko Haram members in Maiduguri killeda senior personnel of the state security service (SSS) Ibrahim Malgiri at abarbing salon in Abagabaram area of Maiduguri metropolis of Bornostate. Also a gun battle between Boko Haram and joint Task Force at theBayan quarters ofvital form company in Maiduguri left two sect dead.

6thJuly 2011  The Boko Haram attack a military petrol van, injuring

farsoldiers, while 15 members of the sect were arrested inTaraba and anexplosive discovered in Toro local governmentcouncil of Bauchi state.

23rd Jan 2012

Gumbettle between members of Boko Haram and joint Task Force in Maiduguri left members of the sects dead.

12th Sept 2011

Boko Haram strikes and killed 4 policemen inBauchi, a civilian also died, bomb attacks on police station in Misau townin Bauchi state and an Afribank building opposite the police station theextremist also raid the Armory for weapons.

5Th Mar 2012 –

Three suspected Boko Haram gunmen are killed inMaiduguri Borno state capital by joint Task Force (JJF) in an exchange of gunfire, after the suspected attempt to torch Lemisula Primary School.

27 Th Feb 2012

suspected Boko Haram sects shot dead a vigilante group leader, Muhamadu Wanzam at his Potiskum residence in Yobestate. They also killed two men in Kaura local councilof Kaduna stateand wounded a woman.

22nd Oct 2011 Boko Haram members shot dead Zakari Isa of theNigerian

television Authority (NTA) Maiduguri network center, reporterat in residence Gomari Airport ward.

26th Feb 2012 suicide Bomber attack the COCIN churchheadquarters in Jos Plateau states living 8 people dead

20th Jan 2012 Boko Haram suicide Bomber attack the policeHeadquarter of Nigeria Police force Kano, state Director Office of thesecret security service, immigration in Kano were 200 people died andthe killing of the Channel Television reporter Ogbuchi.

8th Feb 2012 suicide bomber attack Kaduna Military base.

11th March 2012

Bomb explosion at saint Finbarr’s CatholicChurch,Jos.

 

   

  POSSIBLE SOLUTION TO THE CRISIS

From the given discussion in this paper and above scenario, which leaves thegovernment andcitizenry at crossroads and Nigeria in limbo, it is worthwhil