EIA/ EMP Report for proposed project of Polyester Resins

EIA REPORT OF M/s. ASIATIC COMPOSITES LTD FOR MANUFACTURING OF SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS

EIA/ EMP REPORT FOR

PROPOSED PROJECT OF

POLYESTER RESINS

BY

ASIATIC COMPOSITE LIMITED Survey no. 1963/185/24-B-Paiki, Village: Mankol, Tal: sanand-382110,

Dist: Ahmedabad, Gujarat

2018

B. S. Rana

(MEET ASSOCIATES) 305, Sathi Apartment, Mahalaxmi Lane,

Sarangpur, Ahmedabad-380001 Ph: 9586249761, 9909362746

Email: [email protected]


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Table of Contents

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................11 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND .......................................................19

1.1. Project Proponent & Background .......................................................................19 1.2. Proposed Project .................................................................................................19 1.3. Justification of the Project ..................................................................................20 1.4. Site Selection Criteria ..........................................................................................21 1.5. Purpose of the Study ...........................................................................................21 1.6. Objective of EIA Study .........................................................................................21 1.7. Regulatory Frame Work .......................................................................................22 1.8. Scope & Methodology of the study .....................................................................23 1.9. Approved ToR for EIA Study by Gujarat- SEAC .................................................24 1.10. Structure of the Report ........................................................................................42

CHAPTER 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION............................................................................44 2.1. About the Project .................................................................................................44 2.2. Components of the Project .................................................................................45 2.3. Proposed Schedule of Approval and Implementation .......................................45 2.4. Location of the Project ........................................................................................46 2.5. Layout of the project site .....................................................................................46 2.6. List of Proposed Products ..................................................................................47 2.7. Raw Material & Storage .......................................................................................48 2.8. Manufacturing Process........................................................................................49 2.9. Resource Requirement ........................................................................................51

2.9.1. Land Requirement ..............................................................................................51 2.9.2. Power Requirement ............................................................................................51 2.9.3. Water requirement ..............................................................................................52 2.9.4. Manpower Requirement .....................................................................................53 2.9.5. Fuel Requirement ...............................................................................................53

2.10. Capital Investment ...............................................................................................54 2.11. Pollution Potential and Its Control Measures ....................................................54

2.11.1. Water Environment ...........................................................................................57 2.11.2. Air Environment ................................................................................................59 2.11.3. Solid and Hazardous Waste Management ......................................................59 2.11.4. Noise Pollution .................................................................................................61

2.12. Green Belt Development ......................................................................................61 2.13. Occupational Health & Safety .............................................................................61

CHAPTER 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT .......................................................63 3.1. Background ..........................................................................................................63 3.2. Environmental Setting and Salient Environmental Features of the Project Area

...............................................................................................................................63 3.3. Primary Data Collection: Monitoring Plan and Quality Assurance Procedures

...............................................................................................................................64 3.4. Physical Environment ..........................................................................................66

3.4.1. Topography .........................................................................................................66 3.4.2. Physiography ......................................................................................................66 3.4.3. Geology ...............................................................................................................66


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3.4.4. Geomorphology ..................................................................................................67 3.4.5. Land / Soil Characteristic: ..................................................................................68 3.4.6. Rain Fall: .............................................................................................................68 3.4.7. General Information of Taluka Sanand: ............................................................69 3.4.8. Climate: ...............................................................................................................69 3.4.9. Geohydrology: ....................................................................................................69

3.5. Seismicity of the Study Area ...............................................................................71 3.6. Land use ...............................................................................................................72 3.7. Meteorology ..........................................................................................................74 3.8. Ambient Air Quality ..............................................................................................77

3.3.1. Interpretation of result .......................................................................................82 3.9. Noise Environment ..............................................................................................84

3.4.1. Observation on Ambient Noise Quality: ...........................................................86 3.10. Water Quality ........................................................................................................86 3.11. Soil Quality ...........................................................................................................90

3.11.1. General Characteristics of the Soil in the District ..........................................90 3.11.2. Methodology .....................................................................................................91 3.11.3. Analysis of Soil Samples .................................................................................93 3.11.4. Observation on Soil Quality .............................................................................94

3.12. Traffic Study .........................................................................................................94 3.13. Ecological Environment ......................................................................................96

3.13.1. Flora ..................................................................................................................96 3.13.2. Fauna .................................................................................................................99

3.14. Socio-Economic Environment .......................................................................... 102 3.14.1. Demographic and Socio-Economic Features ............................................... 102 3.9.3. Workers Scenario ............................................................................................. 105

CHAPTER 4. IMPACTS ASSESSMENT AND PREDICTION ............................................. 108 4.1. General ............................................................................................................... 108 4.2. Construction Phase ........................................................................................... 109 4.3. Operation Phase ................................................................................................ 112

4.3.1. Air Environment ................................................................................................ 112 4.3.2. Noise Environment ........................................................................................... 122 4.3.3. Water Environment ........................................................................................... 124 4.3.4. Land/Soil Environment ..................................................................................... 125 4.3.5. Biological Environment .................................................................................... 126 4.3.6. Socio – Economic Environment ...................................................................... 129

CHAPTER 5. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN MONITORING PROGRAM ....... 131 5.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 131 5.2. Environment Management Plan ........................................................................ 131 5.3. Objectives of EMP .............................................................................................. 132 5.4. Brief Environmental Management Plan ............................................................ 133

5.4.1 Construction Phase: .......................................................................................... 133 5.4.2. During Operation Phase ................................................................................... 135

5.5. Budget for Environment Protection .................................................................. 140 5.6. Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 141 5.7. Environment Monitoring Program .................................................................... 141

CHAPTER 6: HAZARD EVALUATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT .................................... 144 6.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 144 6.2. Risk Assessment ............................................................................................... 144

6.2.1. Risk Screening Approach .............................................................................. 147 6.2.2. Hazardous Materials Storage ........................................................................ 155


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6.2.3. QRA Approach ............................................................................................... 155 6.2.4. Thermal Hazards ............................................................................................ 156 6.2.5. Damage due to Explosion .............................................................................. 158 6.2.6. Hazardous Material’s Release ....................................................................... 159 6.2.7. Data Limitations ............................................................................................. 159 6.2.8. Likely Failure Scenarios ................................................................................ 159

6.3. Quantitively Risk Assessment & Consequence Analysis ............................... 160 6.3.1. Preamble ......................................................................................................... 160 6.3.2. Weather Effect ................................................................................................ 160 6.3.3. Incidents Impacts ........................................................................................... 161 6.3.4. Consequential Impacts .................................................................................. 161 6.3.5. Other Hazards: ............................................................................................... 162 6.3.6. Process hazards and Control ........................................................................ 164 6.3.7. General hazards and controls ....................................................................... 165 6.3.8. Safe Practice for Handling, Storage, Transportation and Unloading of

Hazardous Chemicals .................................................................................... 168 6.3.9. Occupational Health Surveillance Programme ............................................ 169 6.3.10. Treatment of Workers Affected by Accidental Spillage of Chemicals ........ 172 6.3.11. Antidotes ........................................................................................................ 173 6.3.12. Details of fire extinguishers .......................................................................... 177 6.3.13. Minimization of the manual handling of hazardous substance .................. 178 6.3.14. DO’S AND DONT’S ......................................................................................... 178 6.3.15. Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA) ..................................... 182

6.4. Conclusion & Recommendations ..................................................................... 184 CHAPTER 7. DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN ............................................................... 186

7.1. Disaster Management Plan ................................................................................ 186 7.1.1. Definitions ......................................................................................................... 187 7.1.2. Objective of the Disaster Management Plan ................................................... 187

7.2. Emergency Preparedness and Response System ........................................... 189 7.3. Emergency Organization ................................................................................... 190

7.3.1. Incident Controller ............................................................................................ 190 7.3.2. Site Main Controller .......................................................................................... 191 7.3.3. Other Key Personnel ........................................................................................ 192 7.3.4. Emergency Control Centre .............................................................................. 193 7.3.5. Fire & Toxicity Control Arrangements ............................................................ 194 7.3.6. Medical Arrangements ..................................................................................... 194 7.3.7. Transport & Evacuation, Mutual Aid Arrangements: ..................................... 194

7.4. Communication System .................................................................................... 194 7.4.1. Declaring the Emergency ................................................................................. 194 7.4.2. Internal Communication ................................................................................... 196 7.4.3. Communication to the Authorities .................................................................. 196

7.5. Pre-emergency activities ................................................................................... 197 7.5.1. Evacuation and Transportation ....................................................................... 198 7.5.2. Safe Close Down .............................................................................................. 198 7.5.3. Use of Mutual Aid ............................................................................................. 198 7.5.4. Use of External Authorities .............................................................................. 198 7.5.5. Medical Treatment ............................................................................................ 198 7.5.6. Accounting for Personnel ................................................................................ 198 7.5.7. Access to Records ........................................................................................... 198 7.5.8. Public Relations ................................................................................................ 198 7.5.9. Rehabilitation .................................................................................................... 199


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7.6. Causes of Emergency:....................................................................................... 199 7.6.1. Risk .................................................................................................................... 199

7.7. Off-Site Emergency Plan ................................................................................... 201 7.7.1. Need of the Site Emergency Plan .................................................................... 201 7.7.2. Structure of the Off-Site Emergency Plan ....................................................... 202 7.7.3. Role of the Factory Management ..................................................................... 202 7.7.4. Role of Emergency Co-ordination Office (ECO): ............................................ 202 7.7.5. Role of Local Authority .................................................................................... 202 7.7.6. Role of Fire Authorities: ................................................................................... 202 7.7.7. Role of the Police and Evacuation Authorities: .............................................. 202 7.7.8. Role of Health Authorities ................................................................................ 203 7.7.9. Role of Mutual Aid Agencies ........................................................................... 203 7.7.10. Role of Factory Inspectorate ......................................................................... 203

7.8. Mock Drills and Records ................................................................................... 203 7.8.1. Need of Rehearsal & Training .......................................................................... 203 7.8.2. Some Check Points .......................................................................................... 203 7.8.3. Records and Updating the Plan ....................................................................... 204

CHAPTER 8. PROJECT BENEFITS ................................................................................... 205 8.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 205 CHAPTER 9. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION .................................................................. 206

9.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 206 9.2 Conclusion and Recommendations ........................................................................ 208

CHAPTER 9. DISCLOUSER OF CONSULTANT ................................................................ 209


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List of Tables

Table 1.1 ToR Compliance Status ................................................................................................................ 25

Table 2.1 Details of Environmental Setting (10 km Radius) ........................................................................ 44

Table 2.2 List of Proposed Products ............................................................................................................ 48

Table 2.3 Raw Material Consumption ......................................................................................................... 48

Table 2.4 Land Breakup of Proposed Project .............................................................................................. 51

Table 2.5 Power Requirement .................................................................................................................... 52

Table 2.6 Water Consumption .................................................................................................................... 52

Table 2.7 Manpower Requirement ............................................................................................................. 53

Table 2.8 Fuel Requirement ........................................................................................................................ 54

Table 2.9 Identification of Impacts during Operation Phase ...................................................................... 54

Table 2.10 Waste Water Generation .......................................................................................................... 58

Table 2.11 Flue gas emission ...................................................................................................................... 59

Table 2.12 Hazardous Wastes and its Management .................................................................................. 59

Table 3.1 Summary of Methodology for Primary/Secondary Baseline Data Collection ............................. 64

Table 3.2 Land use of the Study Area ......................................................................................................... 72

Table 3.3 Long Term Meteorological Data of Ahmedabad ......................................................................... 75

Table 3.4 Site Specific Meteorological Data ............................................................................................... 76

Table 3.5 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations ................................................................................. 78

Table 3.6 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results (24-hour average) ....................................................... 79

Table 3.7 National Ambient Air Quality Standards (CPCB), 2009 ............................................................... 80

Table 3.8 Ambient Noise Quality Monitoring Locations ............................................................................. 84

Table 3.9 Ambient Noise Quality in the Study Area ................................................................................... 86

Table 3.10 Applicable Noise Standards ....................................................................................................... 86

Table 3.11 Ground Water Sampling Locations ........................................................................................... 87

Table 3.12 Ground Water Quality in the Study Area .................................................................................. 88

Table 3.13 Soil Sampling Locations ............................................................................................................. 92

Table 3.14 Physicochemical Characteristics of Soil ..................................................................................... 93

Table 3.15 Traffic survey near the plant site .............................................................................................. 95

Table 3.16 Assessment of Proposed Traffic Load ....................................................................................... 95

Table 3.17 Common Tree species ............................................................................................................... 97

Table 3.18 Wild/Forest Tree species ........................................................................................................... 98

Table 3.19 Agriculture Crop ........................................................................................................................ 98

Table 3.20 Herpetofauna ............................................................................................................................ 99

Table 3.21 Birds ........................................................................................................................................... 99

Table 3.22 Mammals ................................................................................................................................. 101

Table 3.23 Village-wise Population Details ............................................................................................... 102

Table 4.1 Stack Parameters of Proposed Sources..................................................................................... 114

Table 4.2 Summary of Maximum 24-hour GLC due to the Proposed Project .......................................... 115

Table 4.3 Summary of Maximum GLC at Monitoring Locations due to the Proposed Project ................. 115


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Table 5.1 Ecological Criteria & Observations ............................................................................................ 138

Table 5.2 Species suggested for plantation under Greenbelt Development Programmed ...................... 140

Table 5.3 Recurring Cost for Environmental Management ...................................................................... 140

Table 5.4 Environmental Monitoring Program ......................................................................................... 142

Table 6.1 Asiatic Products Details ............................................................................................................. 146

Table 6.2 Raw Material Bulk Storages ...................................................................................................... 147

Table 6.3 Hazards Analysis –Raw materials .............................................................................................. 149

Table 6.4 Risk Classification ...................................................................................................................... 155

Table 6.5 Effects due to Incident Radiation Intensity ............................................................................... 157

Table 6.6 Thermal Radiation Impact to Human ........................................................................................ 157

Table 6.7 Tolerable Intensities for Various Objects .................................................................................. 157

Table 6.8 Damage due to Overpressure ................................................................................................... 158

Table 6.9 Different Failure Scenarios ........................................................................................................ 159

Table 6.10 : Hazards Scenario Impact ....................................................................................................... 161

Table 6.11 Process Hazards and Controls ................................................................................................. 164

Table 6.12 General hazards and controls ................................................................................................. 165

Table 6.13 Plan of Occupational Health & Safety ..................................................................................... 170


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List of Figures

Figure 1.1. Project Location ..................................................................................................................... 20

Figure 1.2. EIA Methodology ................................................................................................................... 24

Figure 2.1 Projection Location Map (Source: Google Earth) ...................................................................... 46

Figure 2.2 Plant Layout ............................................................................................................................... 47

Figure 2.3 Water Balance ............................................................................................................................ 53

Figure 2.4 Schematic Flow Diagram Of ETP ................................................................................................ 58

Figure 3.1 Location Map of 10-km Radius Study Area (Source: google earth) ........................................... 63

Figure 3.2 Road Connectivity Map of Study Area ....................................................................................... 64

Figure 3.3 Seismic Zones Map (Source: Map of India) ................................................................................ 72

Figure 3.4 Graph Showing Land Use of the Study Area (10 km Radius) ..................................................... 73

Figure 3.5 Land use/Land Cover Map of 10 Km Radial Study Zone (Source: Google earth satellite imagery)

.................................................................................................................................................................... 74

Figure 3.6 Wind Rose Diagram .................................................................................................................... 77

Figure 3.7 Air Monitoring Sampling location .............................................................................................. 79

Figure 3.8 Statistical Comparison of PM2.5 Concentration (Winter Season) ............................................. 82

Figure 3.9 Statistical Comparison of PM10 Concentration (Winter Season) .............................................. 83

Figure 3.10 Statistical Comparison of SO2 Concentration (Winter Season) ............................................... 83

Figure 3.11 Statistical Comparison of NOx Concentration (Winter Season) .............................................. 84

Figure 3.12 Noise Monitoring Sampling Location ....................................................................................... 85

Figure 3.13 Ground water Sampling Location ............................................................................................ 88

Figure 3.14 Soil Map of Ahmedabad District .............................................................................................. 91

Figure 3.15 Soil Monitoring Location Map.................................................................................................. 93

Figure 4.1 Isopleth for PM10 GLC due to operation of Proposed Project ................................................ 118

Figure 4.2 Isopleth for PM2.5 GLC due to operation of Proposed Project ............................................... 119

Figure 4.3 Isopleth for NOx GLC due to operation of Proposed Project ................................................... 120

Figure 4.4 Isopleth for SOx GLC due to operation of Proposed Project ................................................... 121


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Abbreviations

AAQM : Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

BOD : Biochemical Oxygen Demand

COD : Chemical Oxygen Demand

DO : Dissolved Oxygen

CPCB : Central Pollution Control Board

GPCB : Gujarat Pollution Control Board

EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment

EMP : Environmental Management Plan

IMD : Indian Meteorological Department

KVA : Kilo Volt Ampere

KLD : Kilo Litres per day

PM : Particulate Matter

PPE : Personal Protective Equipment

TDS : Total Dissolved Solids

ZLD : Zero Liquid Discharge

MTPM : Metric Tonne per Month

PGVCL : Paschim Gujarat Vij Company Limited

NAAQS : National Ambient Air Quality Standards

EPA : Environment Protection Act

SEIAA : State Level Environmental Impact Assessment Authority

SEAC : State Level Expert Appraisal Committee

ToR : Terms of Reference

CHWTSDF : Common Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities

TSDF : Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities

SOP : Standard Operating Procedure

GLC : Ground Level Concentrations

http://envfor.nic.in/sites/default/files/TGM_Comman%20Hazardous%20Waste%20Treatment_010910_NK.pdf


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HSE : Health, Safety & Environment

VOC : Volatile Organic Compounds

QRA : Quantitative Risk Assessment

DMP : Disaster Management Plan

CSR : Corporate Social Responsibility


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List of Annexure

Annexure I: Land Documents

Annexure II: ToR Letter

Annexure III: Toposheet

Annexure IV: Undertaking for use of separate electric meter for waste water treatment

Annexure V: Lab Data

Annexure VI: MSDS of Products & Raw Materials

Annexure VII: Environmental Policy

Annexure VIII: High Court Stay Order

Annexure IX: Undertaking by the project proponent on ownership of EIA Report

Annexure X: Undertaking by the consultant regarding the prescribed ToR have been

complied

Annexure XI: Copy of Consent

Annexure XII: Layout Plan

Annexure XIII: Legal Undertaking for project located outside the notified area

Annexure XIV: Ambient Air quality at work place

Annexure XV: SOPs under Hazardous Waste Rules 2016


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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Introduction

Asiatic Composites Ltd. (ACL) is engaged in Manufacture & Supply of composite products for

transportation, sport, chemical, railways and infrastructure sectors meeting global quality levels.

Based on a profound understanding of diverse industrial requirements, the company has

empowered its clients with customized products based on their specific requirements. Owing to

well-equipped R&D and quality laboratories with advanced characterization instruments, ACL

produce composite of highest standard of quality and consistency.

Project Proponent

M/s Asiatic Composite Limited is promoted by Mr. Vibhor M. Agrawal

Type of Project:

M/s Asiatic Composite Limited is planning to manufacture @700 MT/Month of Saturated &

Unsaturated Resins in the existing premises, located at survey no.1963/185/24-B-paiki, village:

Mankol, Tal: Sanand: Ahmedabad, Gujrat-382 110

The project falls under category ‘B’, section 5(f), INDII of EIA notification 2006 and amendment

thereof. The site is well connected with road and railway, nearest city Ahmedabad and there is no

national park, wildlife sanctuary, eco sensitive areas in surrounding 10 km radius. The project

doesn’t fall under CRZ boundaries.

Project cost:

Total Project Cost for proposed project activity is Rs. 1.5 crore.

Location of the Project Site:

Location of the project in survey no.1963/185/24-B-paiki, village: Mankol, tal: Sanand:

Ahmedabad, Gujarat-382110 has been presented in Figure 2.1. The project site is regular in

shape.


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Nature and Size of the project:

M/s Asiatic Composite Limited is planning to manufacture Saturated & Unsaturated Resins in the

existing premises. The proposed production capacity will be 700 MT/Month.

Water Requirement:

The total fresh water requirement during the operation phase for the proposed facility will be 3.4

KLD. The source of water for the proposed project shall Mechanical Evaporator through ground

water (Bore well).

Waste water generation & Management:

Total Effluent generation for proposed facility will be 3.05 KLD [2.1 KLD (Domestic) + 0.95 KLD

(Industrial)], ETP shall provide for treatment of effluent having mostly inorganic salt and

maintained the zero-discharge system by providing mechanical evaporator.

Electricity Requirement:

The Total power requirement will be 100 HP. The main source of power is UGVCL. The back-up

will be provided from DG Sets having capacity of 125 KVA in case of power failure. Therefore, no

additional electricity will be required for proposed project.

Fuel Requirement & Stack details:

LDO is being used as a fuel for Thermic Fluid Heater. Diesel is being used in D.G set. Stack

height of thermic fluid heater is 12 m.

Manpower Requirement:

There will be 64 direct & 30 indirect manpower required for the proposed project. Thus, total

manpower will be 94 workers.

Solid & hazardous waste management:

Hazardous waste like Discarded drum / Container, Used / Spent oil, Distillation residue, discarded

product material (R&D) etc. will be generated and sold or disposed to GPCB authorized vendor /

recycler and / or will be disposed at TSDF.


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Green Belt Development:

Total 65000 sq.m area will be providing in the premises. Suitable local plant of variety of species

are planted with adequate spacing.

Description of the Environment

Study area

The baseline quality of various components of the environment, viz. air, noise, water, land,

biology, meteorological and socio-economic is assessed within the impact zone of about 10 km

around the proposed site. The report presents the data collected during the sampling period of

three months during summer season from December’17 and February’18.

Climate of the study area

The climate of the region is classified as tropical wet and dry climate. The annual maximum

temperature is 43 ˚C in the month of May and minimum temperature is 15 ˚C in the month of

January. The average annual rainfall for the Ahmedabad as a whole is 750 mm. Most of the

rainfall is received from June to September.

Seismicity

According to the seismic-zoning map of India, the project area falls in Zone III-Moderate Risk

zone of seismicity.

Air Environment

AAQM was carried out in 8 locations on 24 hourly average bases as per guidelines of CPCB and

NAAQS within 10 km radius of the study area. PM10 and PM2.5 was found in the range of 48.1

to 54.75 μg /m3 and 33.15 to 38.15 μg /m3 respectively. SO2 found in the range of 13.4 to 17.7

μg /m3 and NOx: 13.55 to 22.65 μg /m3. The PM10, PM2.5, SO2 & NOx parameters are found

within the permissible limit as per NAAQS level.

Noise Environment

Noise can be defined as an unwanted sound. A total of 8 locations were identified for ambient

noise monitoring in the study area. The daytime varied from 47 dB(A) to 61 dB(A) and night time


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noise varied of 40 dB(A) to 56 dB(A). Both daytime noise and night time noise were found within

the limit.

Water Environment

In order to establish the baseline water quality, 7 ground water samples were collected and

analyzed in the study area. The analysis result for ground water samples were within drinking

water limit as per IS 10500: 2012.

Soil Quality

Soil samples were collected from 5 locations in the study area and analyzed for physico-

Chemicals characteristics. Soil quality was found to be normal.

Particle Size: Particle sizes of the different constituents (clay, silt, sand and gravel) control the

porosity and water holding characteristic of the soil. Clay (size < 0,002mm) amount in the soil

samples is 14% to 15% and Sand (size 0.002 to 0.075mm) in the soil sample is 68% to 70%. All

the samples in the study area are free of gravel (size > 4.75mm). Analysis shows it is sandy soil

with less water holding capacity Biological Environment.

Land Use/Land Cover of the Study Area

The basic purpose of land use pattern and classification in an EIA study is to identify the manner

in which different parts of land in an area are being utilized or not utilized. Remote sensing data

provides reliable accurate baseline information for land use mapping, as it is a rapid method of

acquiring up-to-date information of over a large geological area.

Biological Environment

Biological environment includes flora and fauna including aquatic species found in the study area

of 10 km radius.

Flora: Dominant families of plants recorded in the study area are Caesalpiniaceae, Mimosaceae,

Euphorbiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Papilionaceae.

Fauna: The various animal species in the study area are found, detailed study is given in Baseline

Chapter-3. Field observations of fauna were carried out. The commonly available mammals,


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amphibians, reptiles, butterflies, dragonflies and damselflies within 10 km surroundings were

enumerated.

Socio-economic Environment:

Socio-economic data were collected from within 10 km radius of the Project site. These include

20 villages as per census of India 2011. Total Population of the Study area as per Census of

India, 2011 is 57008.The total number of Household being 11040.Total Male Population of the

Study area is 29415 and total Female Population of the Study Area is 27593. Literacy Rate of the

study area is 52.96% Distribution of male 33.58% and female literacy rate 19.38% in the study

zone is and respectively. Workers Participation Ratio of the worker population is 39.97%, non-

workers 60.03% population.

Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures

Air Environment

In order to estimate the ground level concentrations due to the emission from the proposed

project, AERMOD View – Lake Environmental Software has been employed.

These predicted ground level concentrations when added to baseline scenario, the overall

scenario levels of PM10, SO2, NOx, are well within the permissible limits specified by CPCB.

VOCs and other NAAQS parameters are observed within below detectable limit, the detail

explanation is mentioned in Baseline chapter-3.

Adequate mitigation measures have been already installed to control air pollution.

Noise Environment

The major noise source includes various machines, pumps, motors, DG sets and vehicular traffic.

The noise levels were below the stipulated standards of CPCB for residential and industrial areas.

Technical and administrative measures are already implemented to minimize the noise levels that

include periodic maintenance of machinery, mandatory use of personal hearing protection

equipment with operable mufflers, oiling and lubrication, noise suppression measures such as

enclosures, buffers, greenbelt development etc.


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Water Environment

The total fresh water requirement during the operation phase for the Proposed facility is 3.4 KLD.

The source of water for the proposed project shall Mechanical Evaporator through ground water

(Bore well). Total Effluent generation for proposed facility will be 3.05 KLD [2.1 KLD (Domestic) +

0.95 KLD (Industrial)], ETP shall provide for treatment of effluent having mostly inorganic salt and

maintained the zero-discharge system by providing mechanical evaporator.

Land Environment

A total of 65000 m2 area has been earmarked for the green area development. There will be little

impact envisaged due to the operation of the plant. There is no discharge of solid as well as liquid

effluent in open land. The green area development and tree plantation will help in enhancing the

aesthetics of the plant. Thus, no adverse impact is envisaged on land environment.

Biological Environment

Analysis of abiotic factors reveals that ambient air and fresh water quality will remain practically

unaffected. Hence no impact on flora and fauna is envisaged. Moreover, there are no reserve

forest, Historic places and protected areas within 10 km radius.

Socio-economic Environment

The proposed project is expected to provide direct and indirect employment opportunity to skilled

and unskilled workers. The project will contribute to the socio-economic development of the area

at the local level in turn reducing migration for employment. Hence, the proposed project will have

positive impact on the socio-economic environment.

Environmental Monitoring Program

Environmental Monitoring Program is designed for operation phase of the project for monitoring

of various environmental parameters like air, water, noise, soil and ecology etc.

Environmental Management Plan

The EMP presents the project specific guidelines on:

Environmental management strategies


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Specialized engineering construction procedures in relation to environmental guidelines

of the country

Spill prevention and control

Management of wastes and hazardous Chemicals

Air, water and soil quality protection

Noise control

Soil erosion control and slope stabilization

Vegetation, wildlife and habitat protection

Socio-economic and welfare considerations

Risk and disaster management plan

To prepare a checklist for statutory compliance

Budget allocation for environment management plan.

Risk Assessment

The Risk assessment study has been conducted for all the operations involved in the project. The

study considers all the hazards associated with all the activities which will be involved. The

hazards leading to possible consequences are summarized in the chapter-6 and the risk

mitigation measures and intended safeguards are specifically mentioned in the chapter 6 in the

EIA report. The risk to personnel, process / operation is considered in the study.

Disaster Management Plan

Disaster Management Plan is prepared for identification of various hazards addressed

qualitatively and included onsite and off-site emergency plan. A Disaster Management Plan is

prepared to meet any grave emergency which can occur due to Natural Disasters such as Floods,

Earthquakes, or due to Man-Made Disasters such as Acts of war and Fires, Power failures. Details

of disaster management plan are given in the EIA report.


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Project Benefits

Growth in the industrial sector creates new opportunities for employment and can also help

diversify the economy.


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CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND

1.1. Project Proponent & Background

Asiatic Composites Ltd. (ACL) is engaged in Manufacture & Supply of composite products for

transportation, sport, chemical, railways and infrastructure sectors meeting global quality levels.

Based on a profound understanding of diverse industrial requirements, the company has

empowered its clients with customized products based on their specific requirements. Owing to

well-equipped R&D and quality laboratories with advanced characterization instruments, ACL

produce composite of highest standard of quality and consistency.

M/s Asiatic Composite Limited is promoted by Mr. Vibhor M. Agrawal

1.2. Proposed Project

M/s Asiatic Composite Limited is planning to manufacture @700 MT/Month of Saturated &

Unsaturated Resins in the existing premises, located at survey no.1963/185/24-B-paiki, village:

Mankol, Tal: Sanand: Ahmedabad, Gujrat-382 110

The project falls under category ‘B’, section 5(f), INDII of EIA notification 2006 and amendment

thereof. The site is well connected with road and railway, nearest city Ahmedabad and there is no

national park, wildlife sanctuary, eco sensitive areas in surrounding 10 km radius. The project

doesn’t fall under CRZ boundaries.


20

Figure 1.1. Project Location

(Source: Map of india)

1.3. Justification of the Project

This unit M/s. ACL will be able to meet the demand of existing component plant. The unit will use

good faith efforts to employ local people from the nearby villages depending upon the availability

of skilled & un-skilled man-power surrounding the project site. In operation phase, the proposed

project would require significant work force of non-technical and technical persons. Migration of

highly education and skilled experience will result in increase of literacy in the surrounding

villages.

Project Site


21

1.4. Site Selection Criteria

Asiatic Composite Limited is planning to establish its manufacturing facilities at the said location

due to the following favorable conditions:

Topographic condition of the land/area.

Availability of suitable and adequate land.

Availability of common infrastructural facilities road, rail for transportation in the area.

Facilities such as power, water, communication etc. are easily available.

Availability of requisite skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled labour from local area.

Availability of good quality of raw materials with adequate quantity and proximity of market.

There is no Wildlife Sanctuary/National Park within 10 km radius of the project site.

1.5. Purpose of the Study

As per the Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change (MoEF & CC), Government of India

EIA Notification 2006 and as amended on December 1, 2009, the proposed Project need to take

environmental clearance prior to commissioning of the plant. The proposed project is covered

under Category “B” as per the Schedule of EIA Notification and hence requires environmental

clearance from State Expert Appraisal Committee (SEAC), Gujarat.

This Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study is mainly focused on identification of existing

environmental conditions of the project & its impact on pre and post commissioning. A detailed

prediction of all environmental impacts associated with the various activities during the

construction and operation phases of the proposed project suggesting suitable measures to

navigate the observed adverse environmental impacts. The study also aims at reflecting the

acceptability of the project to different stakeholders and at incorporating the concerns raised by

them into impact assessment and of the subsequent Environmental Management Plan (EMP).

These all mentioned above are part of the Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) project Study.

1.6. Objective of EIA Study

As per provision of the EIA notification, 2006 under the Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986, new

projects can be undertaken only after obtaining an Environmental Clearance (EC). Any project

seeking an environmental clearance requires an EIA report, prepared in accordance with

guidelines of Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEFCC), Government of

India.

The main objectives of the present EIA study are:


22

To have an in-depth know-how of the project and to identify the probable sources of

pollution that may arise due to proposed manufacturing activity of M/s. Asiatic Composite

Limited (ACL).

To assess existing environmental status of air quality, water quality, noise level, land/soil,

ecological and socio-economic components as per suggested TOR.

To identify and quantify the significant impacts of the proposed project on the environment

components.

To prepare Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and suggest preventive and

mitigative measures to minimize adverse impacts and to maximize beneficial impacts.

1.7. Regulatory Frame Work

The plant operation has been subjected to other procedural and compliance monitoring programs

viz. annual consents under Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974; Air (Prevention

and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981; authorization under Hazardous Waste (Management &

Handling) Rules, 1989/ 2000; Environment (Protection) Act, 1986; requirements and statutory

norms as per Gujarat Pollution Control Board etc. The production level of this plant has been as

per the clearances/consents.

Legislation Areas / Activities Covered

Environment (Protection) Act, 1991 (as

amended) with Rules.

Overall Environment Protection Compliance to

environmental (Air, Water, Noise) Standards

issued under EPR

Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,

1987 (as amended) with Rules.

Protection of Air Quality, Consent to Establish

(CTE) for establishing and Consent to Operate

(CTO) for activities causing air pollution from

DG sets from GPCB, Compliance to National

Ambient Air Quality Standard

Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution)

Act, 1974 with Rules.

Protection of Water Quality, Discharge of

sewage from proposed project, Obtaining

Consent to Establish (NOC) for establishing

and Consent to Operate (CTE) for activities

causing water pollution from GPCB


23

Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control)

Rules, 2006 (as amended)

Compliance with Ambient Noise Standards in

accordance to land use of the area

The Public Liability Insurance Act,1992 (as

amended)

An Act to provide public liability- insurance for

the purpose of providing immediate relief to

the persons affected by accident while

handling any hazardous substance and for

matters connected therewith or incidental

there to

Manufacture, Storage and Import of

Hazardous Chemicals Rules, 2000 (as

amended)

Notifying regulatory authority (in this case, the

State Factories Inspectorate) of storage of

hazardous substances like Waste Oil, etc.

Follow guidance on such storage, maintain

updated MSDS, submit annual Safety Report

to authority Prepare Onsite Emergency Plan.

1.8. Scope & Methodology of the study

This study is aimed at providing a deeper insight into the proposed Expansion Project and its

various environmental components. The present study area for the environmental impact

assessment is within 10 km radius of the location of the project. The methodology used for the

study is given below:

i. Monitoring and collection of baseline data for various environmental components as per

the MoEFCC guidelines.

ii. Identification and quantification of significant environmental impacts due to the project and

associated activities.

iii. Evaluation of impacts due to proposed activities and preparation of an environmental

impact statement.

iv. Preparation of appropriate Environmental Management Plan (EMP) encompassing

strategies for minimizing identified adverse impacts along with budgetary provisions to be

made by the project authorities for implementation of mitigation measures.

v. Delineation of post Environmental Quality Monitoring Program (EQMP) along with

organizational setup required for monitoring the effectiveness of mitigation measures.


24

The flow diagram showing methodology adopted for the EIA study has been presented in

Figure 1.2.

Figure 1.2. EIA Methodology

1.9. Approved ToR for EIA Study by Gujarat- SEAC

The application for the scoping of the said project has been submitted to the State Expert

Appraisal Committee (SEAC), Gujarat. Presentation to SEAC for the coping of the project (Terms


25

of Reference (ToR) approval for EIA study) was held on 11th January, 2018, in the SEAC Meeting.

The SEAC, Gujarat vide their letter dated 16th February, 2018 had recommended to the SEIAA,

Gujarat, to grant the Terms of Reference for the proposed project. The proposal was considered

by SEIAA, Gujarat in its meeting held on 23rd February, 2018 at Gandhinagar. After careful

consideration, the SEIAA hereby accords Terms of reference to proposed project under the

provisions of EIA Notification dated 14th September, 2006. The copy of Terms of Reference is

attached as Annexure-I. The compliance to the approved TOR has been presented in Table 1.1:

Table 1.1 ToR Compliance Status

Sr.No. Point raised in ToR Compliance Reply

1 A tabular chart with index for point-wise compliance

of below mentioned TORs.

Noted and complied

accordingly.

2 Executive Summary of the project- giving a prima

facie idea of the objectives of the proposal, use of

resources, justification, etc. In addition, it should

provide a compilation of EIA report, including EMP

and the post-project monitoring plan in brief.

Complied in EIA Report

3 Justification for selecting the proposed product and

unit size.

Chapter-1, Section 1.3,

Page No. 20.

4 Land Requirement for the project including its break

up for various purposes, its availability and

optimization.


Sub-section 2.9.1, Page

No. 51.

5 Land possession documents. Copy of NA order

showing permission to use the project land for

industrial purpose. If located in GIDC, copy of plot

holding certificate obtained from GIDC Authority.

Copy of land documents is

attached as Annexure-I

6 Location of the project site and nearest habitats with

distances from the project site to be demarcated on

a topo sheet (1:50000 scale).

Toposheet is given as

Annexure- III

7 Topography details of the project area. Chapter-3, Section 3.4,


No. 66.


26

8 Geological features and geo-hydrological status of

the study area.


Sub-section 3.4.3, 3.4.4 &

3.4.9, Page No. 66, 67 &

69.

9 In case of project located outside notified area: Legal

undertaking stating that unit is complying the three

conditions (i.e. water consumption less than 25

m3/day; fuel consumption less than 25 TPDl and not

covered in the category of MAH units as per the

Management, Storage, Import of Hazardous

Chemical Rules (MSIHC Rules, 1989) as per the

amendment to EIA Notification, 2006 vide SO 1599

(E) dated 25/06/2014.

The location of the unit is

outside the notified area. As

per amendment to EIA

Notification, 2006 vide SO

1599 (E) dated 25.06.2014,

small units are categorized

as Category “B” projects.

Small units are defined as

with water consumption less

than 25 m3/day. Fuel

consumption less than 25

TPD, and not covered in the

category of MAH units as per

the Management, Storage,

Import of Hazardous

Chemical Rules, 1989.

The water requirement is 3.4

KLD, fuel requirement is

LDP (<25MT/day) and

chemicals to be used are not

covered in MAH category.

Hence, the proposed

products of Resins fall under

Category B of project activity

5(f) as per the EIA

Notification, 2006.

Legal Undertaking is given

as Annexure- XIII

10 Present land use pattern of the study area shall be

given based on satellite imagery.


Page No. 72.

11 Layout plan of the factory premises clearly

demarcating various units within the plant. Provision

of separate entry & exit and adequate margin all-

round the periphery for unobstructed easy


Page No. 46.


27

movement of the emergency vehicle/ fire tenders

without reversing back. Mark the same in the plant

layout.

12 Technical details of the plant/s along with details on

best available technologies (BAT), proposed

technology and reason for selecting the same.


Page No. 48.

The proposed project is

expansion project & we are

using best available

technologies for existing unit

also, hence no proposal for

alternative process or

technology.

13 Product spectrum (proposed products along with

production capacity) and processes.

Chapter-2, Section 2.6 &

2.8, Page No. 48 & 49.

14 Chemical name of each proposed product to be

manufactured. Details on end use of each product.

(Provide CAS number of all the product & raw

materials. In case of Dyes, CI number)


Page No. 48.

15 Details on raw materials, source and storage within

the premises.


Page No. 48.

16 Details of complete manufacturing process/

operations of each product along with chemical

reactions, process flow diagram describing each unit

processes and unit operations along with material

balance, consumption of raw materials etc.


Page No. 49.

17 Details on strategy for implementation of cleaner

production activities.

Proper storage of raw materials, products and fuels

Ensuring close feeding and sampling

Establishing SOPs for startup, shut down & maintenance operational procedures.

Regular work place and


28

ambient air quality monitoring will be done.

18 Assessment of source of the water supply with

adequacy of the same to meet with the requirements

for the project. Permission obtained from the

concern authority for supply of raw water.



No. 52.

Source of water supply is

existing bore well.

19 Undertaking stating that no bore well shall be dug

within the premises (if project is located within the

Industrial estate).

Not Applicable

20 Details on water balance including quantity of

effluent generated, recycled & reused. Details of

methods to be adopted for the water conservation.



No. 52.

21 Efforts to minimize effluent discharge and to

maintain quality of receiving water body.



No. 57.

Not Applicable as our

plant will achieve ZLD.

22 Explore the possibilities for Zero Liquid Discharge

(ZLD) option for the proposed project.



No. 57.

23 Segregation of waste streams, characterization and

quality with specific treatment and disposal of each

stream including action plan for maximum recycle of

treated waste water and minimum discharge for

effluent.



No. 57.

There is no generation of

industrial process

effluents. Therefore, no

need of segregation. Only

domestic effluent will be

generated from proposed

activity, which will be


29

disposed to septic tank/

soak pit system.

24 Capacity of ETP in Kl/day. Details of ETP including

dimensions of each unit along with schematic flow

diagram. Inlet, transitional and treated effluent

qualities with specific efficiency of each treatment

unit in reduction in respect of all concerned/

regulated environmental parameters. Inlet effluent,

quality should be based on worst case scenario

considering production of most polluting products

that can be manufactured in the plant concurrently.



No. 57.

25 In case of discharge into GIDC drainage/ pipeline:

a. Copy of permission letter with quantity (KL/day)

from the concern authority of drainage network/

pipeline with confirmation for spare capacity

available to take additional effluent.

b. Characteristics of the combined effluent and

treated water to be sent to Common pipeline

with reference to the MoEFCC/CPCB/GPCB

discharge norms.

c. Provision for Continuous Monitoring System for

waste water discharge.

Not Applicable as no

discharge in GIDC

drainage/pipeline

26 In case of waste water sent to Common Facilities

(CF) like CETP, MEE, Spray Dryer etc.

a. Details of Common facilities including (1) Total

capacity of the CF (2) Copy of CC&A of the CF,

(3) Actual load at present (Qualitative and

Quantitative- KL per day) (4) capacity of CF (5)

Copies of XGN generated Inspection reports

with analysis reports of the water/Air/

Hazardous samples collected by GPCB (Last 2

Years). Copies of instructions issued by GPCB

in last 2 years and point wise compliance

Not applicable as

proposed project is ZLD.


30

thereof. (6) Copies of Show-cause notices,

closure notices etc. served by the GPCB and its

compliance (7) Recommendations and

suggestions of the last two Environment Audit

reports of CETP and its compliance report. (8)

Common Facility Up gradation scheme, if any.

b. Status of compliance to the 18(1) (b) direction

issued by the CPCB with respect to CETP

compliance & CEPI area action plan along with

relevant supportive documents.

c. Give status of compliance of Environment

norms of existing common infrastructure i.e.

CETP, MEE & Spray Dryer (Whichever is

applicable) in which you are a member.

d. Submit adequacy of Common Infrastructure i.e.

CETP, MEE & Spray Dryer for additional load

(whichever is applicable) along with written

confirmation/ membership certificate

mentioning the same (total consented quantity,

total quantity booked so far, quantity book for

the unit, spare quantity available).

27 In case of Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD):

a. Action plan for ‘Zero’ discharge of effluent shall

be included. Notarized undertaking for assuring

that underground drainage connection will not

be taken in the unit and there shall be no effluent

discharge outside the plant premises.

b. Economical and technical viability of the effluent

treatment system to achieve Zero Liquid

Discharge (ZLD)

c. Certification of adequacy of proposed ZLD

scheme through credible institutes of National

repute.



No. 57.

Industrial effluent will be

treated in ETP followed by

RO system. RO permeate

will be reused and RO reject

will be evaporated.

Domestic effluent will be

generated from proposed

activity, which will be

disposed to septic tank/

soak pit system.


31

d. To estimate & monitor ground water quality & its

contamination status, piezometer wells, one on

up gradient of the groundwater flow and other

three on the down gradient side of the ground

water flow of the proposed project at different

depth based on available ground water depth

shall be established and all the parameters

mentioned in IS 10:500 for potable water

standard shall be monitored.

28 In case of in-house MEE/ Spray dryer for waste

water treatment:

Capacity of MEE/ Spray dryer in KL/hr. Technical

details of MEE including evaporation capacity,

stream required for evaporation, adequacy of the

proposed boiler to supply steam for evaporation in

addition to the steam required for the process etc.

Techno-economical viability of the evaporation

system. Control measures proposed for the

evaporation system in order to avoid/ reduce

gaseous emission/ VOC from evaporation of

industrial effluent containing solvents & other

chemicals.

Not Applicable

29 Technical details of ATFD/ Crystallizer/ Spray dryer,

Ro/NF system etc. (if any)

ATFD/Crystallizer is not

proposed.



No. 59.

Capacity of R.O. – 1 KL/Hr

Capacity of Spray Dryer –

1.5 Ton/Hr

30 Undertaking stating that a separate electric meter

will be provided for the waste water treatment

Undertaking is given as

Annexure- IV


32

system viz. ETP, RO, MEE, Spray Dryer etc.

(whichever is applicable).

31 Economical and technical viability of the effluent

treatment system.



No. 57

32 Plans for management, collection and disposal of

waste streams to be generated from spillage,

leakages, vessel washing, used container washing

etc. Measures proposed for preventing effluent

discharge during unforeseen circumstances.

Chapter-5, Section 5.4.2,

Page No. 135.

33 Action plan for reuse of liquid waste streams like

Spent acids, Poly Aluminum Chloride etc. within

premises to convert into valuable products instead

of sending outside to actual end-users.

Not Applicable

34 Adequacy of the proposed EMS with respect to the

pollution load envisaged in terms of Air, Water and

hazardous waste.


Page No. 133.

35 One season Site-specific micro-meteorological data

using temperature, relative humidity, hourly wind

speed and direction and rainfall should be

incorporated.


Page No. 74.

36 Anticipated environmental impacts due to the

proposed project/production may be evaluated for

significance and based on corresponding likely

impacts VECs (Valued Environmental Components)

may be identified baseline studies may be

conducted within the study are for all the concerned/

identified VECs and likely impacts will have to be

assessed for their magnitude in order to identify

mitigation measures.

Chapter-4, Section, 4.2 &

4.3, Page No. 109 & 112.

37 One complete season baseline ambient air quality

data (except monsoon season) to be given along

Chapter- 3, Section 3.8.,

Page No. 77.


33

with the dates of monitoring. The parameters to be

covered shall be in accordance with the revised

National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) as

well as project specific parameters like NH3, HCl,

Cl2, HBr, VOC etc. Locations of the monitoring

stations should be so decided so as to take into

consideration the pre-dominant downwind direction,

population zone and sensitive receptors. There

should be at lEast one monitoring station in the

upwind direction. There should be at lEast one

monitoring station in the pre-dominant downwind

direction at a location where maximum ground level

concentration is likely to occur.

We have carried out

baseline monitoring from

December, 2017 to

February, 2018.

Monitoring lab reports are

given in Annexure V.

38 Modeling indicating the likely impact on ambient air

quality due to proposed activities. The details of

model used and input parameters used for modeling

should be provided. The air quality contours may be

shown on location map clearly indicating the location

of sensitive receptors. If any, and the habitation. The

wind rose showing pre-dominant wind direction

should also be indicated on the map. Impact due to

vehicular movement shall also be included into the

predication using suitable model. Results of air

dispersion modeling should be superimposed on

satellite image/ geographical area map.

Chapter- 4, Section 4.3,


No. 112.

39 Base line status of the Noise environment, impact of

noise on present environment due to the project and

proposed measures for noise reduction including

engineering controls.


Page No. 84.

40 Specific details of

a) Process gas emission from each unit process

with its quantification.


Sub section 2.9.5 &

2.11.2, Page No. 54 & 59.


34

b) Air pollution control measures (APCM)

proposed for process gas emission. Adequacy

of the air pollution control measures (APCM) for

process gas emission measures to achieve the

GPCB norms.

c) Details of the utilities required.

d) Type and quantity (MT/hr & MT/ day) of fuel to

be used for each utility.

e) Flue gas emission rate emission from each

utility.

f) Air Pollution Control Measures (APCM)

proposed to each of the utilities along with its

adequacy.

g) List of project specific sources of fugitive

emission along with its quantification and

proposed measures to control it.

h) Details on tail gas treatment. (if any)

41 Provision of CEMS (Continuous Emission

Monitoring System).

Not Applicable

42 Action Plan for odor control to be submitted. Not Applicable

There would be no odour

generation in the proposed

project.

43 Management plan for hazardous/ solid waste

including storage, handling, utilization and safe

disposal as per the hazardous and other waste

(management and transboundary movement) Rule,

2016. CPCB guidelines in respect of specific

treatment, such as solar evaporation, incineration,

etc., need to be followed.


Subsection 2.11.3, Page

No. 60 & Chapter- 5,

Section 5.4, 133.

44 How the manual handling of the hazardous wastes

will be minimized? Methodology of de-contamination



No. 178.


35

and disposal of discarded containers and its record

keeping.

45 Management of by-product which fall under the

purview of the hazardous and other wastes

(Management and Transboundary Movement) Rule,

2016 as per the said rules and necessary

permissions from the concern authority.

Not Applicable.

There is no by product

generation in

manufacturing process.

46 Membership of Common Environment infrastructure

like TSDF, Common Incineration Facility (CHWIF),

MEE, Spray Dryer etc.

We will take membership

of TSDF site after getting

EC.

47 Name and quantity of each type of solvents to be

used for proposed production. Details of in-house

solvent recovery system including mass balance,

solvent loss, recovery efficiency (%recovery),

feasibility of reusing the recovered solvents etc. for

each type of solvent.

Not Applicable

There is no such use of

solvent during the process

from which spent solvent

is generated and thus

there is no need of any

solvent recovery system.

48 Appropriate monitoring network has to be designed

and proposed, to assess the possible residual

impacts on VECs.

Unit will adopt monitoring

network proposed in


Page No. 141.

49 A detailed EMP including the protection and

mitigation measures for impact on human health and

environment as well as detailed monitoring plan and

environmental management cell proposed for

implementation and monitoring of EMP. The EMP

should also include the concept of waste-

minimization, recycle/ recover techniques, energy

conservation, and natural resource conservation.

Total capital cost and recurring cost/ annum

earmarked for environment pollution control

measures.

Chapter- 5, Section 5.4 &

5.7, Page No. 133 & 141.


36

50 Details of in-house monitoring capabilities and the

recognized agencies if proposed for conducting

monitoring.


Page No. 141.

51 Permission from PESO, Nagpur for storage of

solvents, other toxic chemicals, if any.

Not Applicable

52 Occupational health impacts on the workers and

mitigation measures proposed to avoid the human

health hazards along with the personal protective

equipment to be provided. Provision of industrial

hygienist and monitoring of the occupational injury to

workers as well as impact on the workers. Plan for

periodic medical check-up of the workers exposed.

Details of work place ambient air quality monitoring

plan as per Gujarat Factories rules.


Page No. 61 & Chapter- 6,

Section 6.3, Sub-section

6.3.6, 6.3.7, 6.3.9, Page

No. 164, 165 & 169.

Details of work place

ambient air quality

monitoring plan as per

Gujarat Factories rules is

given as Annexure- XIV

53 Details on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from

the plant operations and occupational safety and

health protection measures. Proposal for Leak

Detection and Repair (LDAR) program as per the

CPCB guidelines.

NA

54 Risk Assessment including prediction of the worst-

case scenario and maximum credible accident

scenarios should be carried out. The worst-case

scenario should take into account the maximum

inventory of storage at site at any point of time. The

risk contours should be plotted on the plant layout

map clearly showing which of the facilities would be

affected in case of an accident taking place. Based

on the same, proposed safeguard measures

including On site/ off site Emergency Plan should be

provided.


Section 6.3, Page No. 144

& 160.

Chapter- 7, Section 7.2 to

7.7, Page No. 189 to 201.


37

55 MSDS of all the products and raw materials MSDS of all the products

and raw materials is given

as Annexure- VI

56 Details of hazardous characteristics and toxicity of

raw materials and products to be handled and the

control measures proposed to ensure safety and

avoid the human health impacts. This shall include

the details of Antidotes also.


Subsection 6.3.5, 6.3.6,

6.3.7 & 6.3.11, Page No.

162, 164, 165 & 173.

57 Details of quantity of each hazardous chemical

(including solvent) to be stored, materials of

construction (MoC) of major hazardous chemical

storage tanks, dyke details, threshold storage

quantity as per schedules of the Manufacture,

Storage & Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules of

major hazardous chemicals, size of the biggest

storage tank to be provided for each raw material &

product etc. How the manual handling of the

hazardous chemicals will be minimized?


Section 6.3, Sub section

6.3.8 & 6.3.13, Page No.

168 & 178.

58 Details of the separate isolated storage area for

flammable chemicals. Details of flame proof

electrical fittings, DCP extinguishers and other

safety measures proposed. Detailed fire control plan

for flammable substances and processes showing

hydrant pipeline network, provision of DG sets, fire

pumps, jockey pump, toxic gas detectors etc.


Sub section 6.3.8, 6.3.12,

Page No. 168 & Chapter-

7, Section 7.3, Sub section

7.3.5, Page No. 194

59 Submit checklist in the form of Do’s & Don’ts of

preventive maintenance, strengthening of HSE,

manufacturing utility staff for safety related

measures.


Sub section 6.3.14, Page

No. 178.

60 Specify safety precautions to be taken for Chemical

storage, process, handling and transportation

hazards.

Chapter- 6 , Section 6.3,

Sub section 6.3.8, Page No.

168.


38

61 Details on workers training before engaging work,

periodical, in-house, outside etc.


Page No. 61.

62 Details on various SOP to be prepared. SOPs will be prepared as

per GPCB guidelines.

Guidelines are given in

Annexure XV.

63 Details on safety audit to be carried and their

compliance status.

After getting EC, safety

audit shall be carry out once

in a year.

64 Specific safety measures to be taken for general

public living in the vicinity.


Page No. 189.

65 Details on hazard identification i.e. HAZOP, HAZAN,

fault tree analysis, event tree analysis, checklist,

audits etc. to be adopted for the safety operation of

the plant.



No. 182.

66 Detection and monitoring of VOC’s’ /gases. Chapter – 5, Section 5.7,

Page No. 141.

67 Detailed five-year greenbelt development program

including annual budget, planning schedule,

species, width of plantations, number of trees to be

planted, area under green belt development (with

map), budgetary outlay etc. along with commitment

of the management to carry out the tree plantation

activities outside the premises at appropriate places

in the nearby areas and elsewhere.



No. 135.

68 Action plan for green belt development- species,

width of plantations, planning schedule, etc., in

accordance to CPCB published guidelines.



No. 135.3

69 Detailed socio-economic development measures

including community welfare program most useful in

the project area for the overall improvement of the

environment. Submit a detailed plan for social

corporate responsibilities, with appropriate



No. 135.


39

budgetary provisions for the next five years and

activities proposed to be carried out specific to the

current demographic status of the area.

70 (a) Does the company have a well laid down

Environment Policy approved by its Board of

Directors? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA

report.

(b) Does the Environment Policy prescribe for

standard operating process/ procedures to bring

into focus any infringement/ deviation/ violation

of the environmental / forest norms/ conditions?

If so, it may be detailed in the EIA.

Environmental Policy is

given as Annexure VII

71 What is the hierarchical system or administrative

order of the company to deal with the environmental

issues and for ensuring compliance with the EC

conditions? Details of this system may be given.

Environmental Cell of ACL

will take care of all

compliance related

issues.

72 Does the company have a system of reporting of

non-compliances/ violations of environmental norms

Yes. Environmental Cell of

ACL will take care of all

compliance related

issues.

73 Phase wise project implementation schedule with

bar chart and time frame, in terms of site

development infrastructure provision, EMS

Implementation etc.

After obtaining

/Environmental Clearance

for proposed project,

installation will be

completed within 6-8

months.

EMS is given in Chapter-

5, Section 5.4, Page No.

133.

74 Certificate of accreditation issue by the NABET, QCI

to the environmental consultant should be

incorporated in the EIA report.

Hon’ble High Court Stay

Order copy is attached as

Annexure VIII


40

75 An undertaking by the project proponent on the

ownership of EIA report as per the MoEFCC OM

dated 05/10/2011 and an undertaking by the

consultant regarding the; prescribed ToRs have

been complied with and the data submitted is

factually corrected as per the MoEFCC, OM dated

04/08/2009

Undertaking by the project

proponent on the

ownership of EIA report is

given as Annexure IX

Undertaking by the

consultant regarding the;

prescribed ToRs have

been complied is given as

Annexure X

76 All documents to be properly referred with index and

continuous page numbering

Noted and complied

accordingly

77. Where data are presented in the Report especially

in Tables, the period in which the data were collected

and the sources should be indicated.

Noted

78 Project proponent shall enclose all the analysis/

testing reports of water, air, soil, noise etc. using the

MoEFCC or NABL accredited laboratories. All the

original analysis/ testing reports should be available

during appraisal of the project.

Lab reports are given as

Annexure V

79 In case of expansion of the project

a. Need for the proposed expansion should be

justified in detail.

b. Adequacy of existing EMS

c. Explore the possibility to achieve zero liquid

discharge for existing as well as proposed

activities.

d. Records of any legal breach of

environmental law

e. Copies of environmental clearance obtained

for the existing plant, its point wise

compliance report.

f. Environmental audit report for last 3 years

Need for the proposed

expansion is given


Page No. 20.

ZLD details are given in



No. 57.

There is no legal breach of

environmental law against

ACL.

Copy of Environmental

Clearance is not applicable


41

and compliance of its recommendations/

suggestions

g. Copy of consent to operate (CC&A) obtained

along with point wise compliance status of all

the conditions

h. Compliance of MoEFCC circular vide No. J-

11011/618/2010-IAII (I) dated 30/05/2012

and J-11013/41/2006-IAII (I) dated

20/10/2009

i. Copies of XGN generated inspection reports

with analysis reports of the

water/air/hazardous samples collected by

GPCB (2 years). Copies of instruction issued

by GPCB in last 2 year and point wise

compliance thereof.

because manufacturing

process of existing unit did

not fall under EIA

Notification, 2006.

Copy of Consent &

compliance copy is given as

Annexure XI

80 In case of project is located in Ankleshwar- Panoli,

Vatva-narol & Vapi GIDC.

Not Applicable

Additional Information required by SEIAA, Gujarat

1. Adequacy of the proposed area with respect to plant

machineries, EMS, green belt, safety aspect, raw

material & product storage considering worst case

scenario. Submit proper lay out plan clearly

demarcating all activities with scale.

Proper EMS system will be

followed by ACL. Details of

EMS is given in Chapter 5.

Worst case scenario of raw

material and product is given

in Chapter- 6, Section 6.3,

Page No. 160.

Layout of the ACL is given as

Annexure XII

2. Public hearing shall be carried out as per the EIA

Notification 2006. A tabular chart for the issues

raised and addressed during public

hearing/consultation and commitment of the project

proponent on the same should be provided. An

action plan to address the issues raised during

Noted. Point wise Public

hearing compliance will be

incorporated in EIA after

Public hearing proceeding.


42

public hearing and the necessary allocation of funds

for the sane should be provided.

3. Action plan for ZLD considering worst case scenario. Chapter 2, section 2.11, sub

section 2.11.1, Page No. 57.

1.10. Structure of the Report

This EIA report has been prepared on the basis of available on-site primary data

(survey/monitoring) and secondary/literature data. The EIA report contains project features,

baseline environmental setup, assessment of environmental impacts, and formulation of

mitigation measures, environmental management and monitoring plan with risk & disaster

management plan.

The report would include 9 Chapters excluding Executive Summary, which is included at the

beginning of the report. The structure of the EIA Report with necessary tables, drawings and

annexure is as follows:

Chapter 1: Introduction & Background

This chapter provides background information on need of project, need of EIA study and brief of

the project. The scope and EIA methodology adopted in preparation of EIA report have also been

described in this Chapter. It also covers the identification of project & project proponent, brief

description of nature, size, and location of the project.

Chapter 2: Project Description

This chapter deals with the project details of the proposed Plant, with type of project, need for the

project, location, size & magnitude of operation including associated activities required by and for

the project, proposed schedule for approval and implementation, technology and process

description including technical details of raw material, quality and quantity etc.

Chapter 3: Description of the Environment

This chapter presents the existing environmental status of the study area around the proposed

project including topography, drainage pattern, water environment, geological, climate, transport

system, land use, flora & fauna, socio-economic aspects, basic amenities etc. Environmental

assessment of the proposed project site in regard to its capability to receive the proposed new

development is also discussed in this Chapter.


43

Chapter 4: Impact Assessment and Prediction

This chapter describes the overall impacts of the proposed project activities and underscores the

areas of concern, which need mitigation measures. It predicts the overall impact of the proposed

project on different components of the environment viz. Air, Water, Land, Noise, Biological, and

Socio-Economic.

Chapter 5: Environmental Management Plan and Environmental Monitoring Program

This chapter details the inferences drawn from the environmental impact assessment exercise. It

describes the overall impacts of the proposed activities during construction and operation phases

and underscores the areas of concern, which need mitigation measures. It also provides

mitigation and control measures for environmental management plan (EMP) for minimizing the

negative environmental impacts and to strengthening the positive environmental impacts of the

proposed project. Technical aspects of monitoring the effectiveness of mitigation measures have

been given in this Chapter.

Chapter 6: Hazard Evaluation and Risk Assessment

This chapter details the risks associated with the project activities and storage of hazardous

chemicals.

Chapter 7: Disaster Management Plan

This chapter provides the proposed on-site emergency plan to handle any emergency situation

at the plant site.

Chapter 8: Summary & Conclusion

This chapter provides the summary and conclusions of the EIA study of the proposed project with

overall justification from implementation of the project and also explanation of how, adverse

effects will be mitigated.

Chapter 9: Disclosure of Consultants Engaged

This chapter provides the disclosure of consultants engaged to carry out the EIA study along with

other additional studies.


44

CHAPTER 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1. About the Project

M/s Asiatic Composite Limited is a proposed project located at is planning to manufacture @700

MT/Month of job work of spraying materials, located at survey no.1963/185/24-B-paiki, village:

Mankol, tal: Sanand: Ahmedabad, Gujarat-382110.

Table 2.1 Details of Environmental Setting (10 km Radius)

Particular Details

Plot No. 1963/185/24-B-paiki

Location village: Mankol, tal: Sanand

District Ahmedabad, Gujarat-382110

Latitude/Longitude 22° 54’ 24.44” N, 72° 14’ 48.48” E

Elevation 38 meters (124 feet)

Defense Installations No Defense installations within 10 km radius

Ecological Sensitive Areas/ Protected Areas as

per Wildlife Protection Act 1972 (National

Parks / Wild life sanctuaries / bio-sphere

reserves / tiger reserves)

Not applicable

Reserved/Protected Forest Not Applicable

Nearest National Highway NH-8 ~ 30.5 Km

Nearest Water Body Gadhiya Lake ~16.67

Nearest Rail Head Mankol: (2 km)

Sanand (6.12 km)

Nearest Airport Ahmedabad (70.90 km)

Nearest Town/ Tourist Place Nearest Town: Sanand (6.12 km) Nearest city:

Ahmedabad (38.62 km, Rly Station)

Nearest Municipal Corporation Local body: Gram Panchayat

Address: Mankol Village, Tal Sanand, Dist

Ahmedabad-382110

Seismic Zone Zone-III (Less Active)


45

2.2. Components of the Project

For comprehensive analysis of the proposed expansion project, the components of the project

are summarized hereunder, detailed study of which is necessary for complete Environmental

Impact Assessment study:

Building Construction to accommodate the proposed activities;

Installation and commissioning of the Infrastructure facilities.

Use of Natural resources for operation of the Project (water, fuel)

Use, storage, transport, handling or production of substances or materials, i.e. raw

materials, products and manufacturing processes;

Generation, collection, treatment and discharge of industrial effluent;

Release of pollutants or any hazardous, toxic or noxious substances to air i.e. flue gas

emissions and process emissions;

Production of solid wastes, hazardous waste and non-hazardous waste, during

commissioning, operation or decommissioning;

Risks during commissioning or operation of the proposed project, which may affect human

health or the environment.

Impacts on Ecological and social environment

Employment generation and trade opportunities

Corporate Social Responsibilities of the proponent and proposed welfare activities

2.3. Proposed Schedule of Approval and Implementation

The proposed project will be started after getting Environmental clearance from SEAC, Gujarat &

CTE from GPCB. We shall start construction after getting environmental clearance and consent

to establish.


46

2.4. Location of the Project

Location of the project in survey no.1963/185/24-B-paiki, village: Mankol, tal: Sanand:

Ahmedabad, Gujarat-382110 has been presented in Figure 2.1. The project site is regular in

shape.

Figure 2.1 Projection Location Map (Source: Google Earth)

2.5. Layout of the project site

Point Latitudes Longitudes

A 22° 54’ 24.44” N 72° 14’ 48.48” E

Site layout plan of the project site showing demarcation of existing and proposed plant facilities

is presented in Figure 2.2.

The study area of 10 km aerial radius demarcated on google earth imagery is given in chapter3.


47

Figure 2.2 Plant Layout

(Source: Asiatic Composite ltd)

2.6. List of Proposed Products

The product details are given below:


48

Table 2.2 List of Proposed Products

Sr.

No.

Name of the

Products

CAS

No.

Quantity MT/Month End-use of product

Existing Proposed Total

1 FRP Tank,

Pultrsion Profile,

FR Sheet

-

600 - 600 Furniture

2

Unsaturated

Polyester Resins

9003-

01-4

-

700

700

FRP, Lamination,

Adhesive, Binding

3 Saturated Polyester

Resins

61926-

16-7

FRP, Lamination

2.7. Raw Material & Storage

The raw material details are given below:

Table 2.3 Raw Material Consumption

Name of

Product Name of Raw Material

Quantity

(Existing)

(MT/ MT)

Storage

FRP Tank

Resin (Iso resin/vinyl Easter resin) 0.60 Drum

Mat 0.35

Hardener (Tert-Butyl peroxybenzoate) /

(Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide ) 0.05

Pultrsion

Profile

Resin (General purpose resin/Isopthalic

resin) 0.22

Roving 0.40

Filar 0.20

Hardener (Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide) 0.015

Pigment (Zinc Oxide) 0.015

Mat 0.15

FR Sheet

Resin (Iso resin/vinyl Easter resin) 0.65

Mat 0.30

Hardener (Cobalt octate 3%) 0.035

Pigment (Antimony Oxide/Zinc Oxide) 0.015

Unsaturated

Polyester

Resins

Maleic Anhydride 0.169

Acid anhydride (Phthalic Anhydride)

0.19

Glycol (Propylene Glycol/ Neo Pentyl Glycol) 0.20

PET Flakes 0.13

Styrene Monomer 0.371

Additives 0.0006


49

Name of

Product Name of Raw Material

Quantity

(Existing)

(MT/ MT)

Storage

Saturated

Polyester

Resins

Glycol (Di Ethylene glycol/Polyethylene

glycol) 0.197

Glycol (Mono Ethylene glycol/ Neo pentyl

Glycol) 0.197

Iso Phthalic Acid/Poly (Tere Phthelic)acid 0.424

Styrene 0.182

2.8. Manufacturing Process

a) Un Saturated Polyester Resins

Raw materials (e.g. anhydrides and glycols) are charged into the reaction vessel. Then, the

reaction vessel is heated up to first to 160 °C and then up to 220°C under vacuum. During the

reaction, the water and unsaturated polyester are produced. The water is continuously

separated from reactor and collected into the distillate tank. Then water is sent to ETP plant for

further treatment of water.

The produced product in reactor is further cooled down and then whole mass is transferred to

mixing vessel containing styrene monomer which is further cooled down to 40 °C. Then, the

finished product is packed in MS/HDPE drums or HDPE carboys.

Process flow:

Process flow Diagram of Un Saturated Polyester Resins


50

Mass balance

Input Quantity (Kg) Output Quantity (Kg)

Malic Anhydride 847 Liquid 311

Acid Anhydride 1279 Solid(Product) 5000

Glycol (MEG,

DEG, PG, NPG)

1327

Styrene

monomer

1855

Additives 3

Total 5311 Total 5311

b) Saturated Polyester Resins

Raw materials (e.g. oil, anhydrides and glycols) are charged into the reaction vessel. Then, the

reaction vessel is heated up to first to 160 °C and then up to 200°C under vacuum. During the

reaction, the water and resin are produced. The water is continuously separated from reactor

and collected into the distillate tank. Then water is sent to ETP plant for further treatment of

water.

The produced product in reactor is further cooled down and then whole mass is transferred to

discharged trays. Afterwards, the product is crushed, pulverized and packed in bags.

Process Flow

Process flow Diagram of Saturated Polyester Resins


51

Mass Balance

Input Quantity (Kg)

Output Quantity (Kg)

DEG/PG 394 liquid 120

MEG/PEG 394 Solid(Product) 2000

IPA/PTA 849

Styrene 483

Total 2120 Total 2120

2.9. Resource Requirement

2.9.1. Land Requirement

Land use: Industrial purpose for proposed project of manufacturing of Resins.

Land Ownership: Private land, M/s. Asiatic Composite Limited is promoted by Mr. Vibhor M. Agarwal.

Table 2.4 Land Breakup of Proposed Project

Sr.

No. Details of Land

Area

For Proposed Plant (m2)

1 Net Plot Area Required (Proposed Project) 1249.02

Net Plot Area (Existing and proposed) 2,12,056

Land Use Bifurcation of proposed project

1 Main Plant Building (Production Area) 1107

2 Storage Area 39

3 Utility Area (Boiler & Cooling Tower) 15

4 Plant Office 19.02

5 Laboratory 20

6 ETP 49

Total Area 1249.02

2.9.2. Power Requirement

Electricity shall be obtained from UGVCL. The total power for the proposed project are given

below:


52

Table 2.5 Power Requirement

Sr.

No.

Electricity

(HP)

Total

(HP) Source of Supply

1 100 100 UGVCL

Back up: DG Set (125 KVA- existing)

2.9.3. Water requirement

The source of water for the proposed project shall meet through Existing Bore Well Supply.

Table 2.6 Water Consumption

Category Existing (KLD) Proposed

(KLD)

Total (KLD)

A. Domestic 2.5 0.2 2.7

B. Gardening Reuse of STP

treated water

- Reuse of STP

treated water

C. Industrial

Process Nil Nil Nil

Washing Nil Nil Nil

Boiler/ Cooling 0.2 0.5 0.7

Total 2.7 0.7 3.4


53

Figure 2.3 Water Balance

(Source: Asiatic composite ltd)

2.9.4. Manpower Requirement

Table 2.7 Manpower Requirement

Particulars Existing Proposed Total

Direct 61 3 64

Indirect 20 10 30

2.9.5. Fuel Requirement

LDO shall be used as a fuel for Boiler. Diesel will be used as a fuel for D.G set. The total fuel

requirement for the proposed project are given below:

Fresh water

consumption

Domestic 2.7 KLD

2.5 KLD (Existing) 0.2 KLD (Proposed)

Industrial

NIL

Process NIL

Washing

NIL

Boiler/Cooling 0.7 KLD

STP 2.1 KLD

Gardening

1.68 KLD Condensat

e

ETP

0.95 KLD

RO Rejected/Evaporation

0.25 KLD

Reject

0.088 KLD

0.7 KLD


54

Table 2.8 Fuel Requirement

Sr.

No.

Stack attached to Type of fuel Fuel quantity

1 Thermic Fluid Heater LDO 25 Lit/hr

2 D.G. Set (125 KVA)

(existing)

Diesel 7 Lit/hr

2.10. Capital Investment

Total Project Cost for proposed project activity is Rs. 1.5 crore.

2.11. Pollution Potential and Its Control Measures

Table 2.9 Identification of Impacts during Operation Phase

Activity Environmental

Attribute

Cause Impact characteristic

Nature Duration Reversibility Intensity and

Significance

Vehicle

Movement

and utilities

operation

Air pollution Exhaust

Emissions

i.e. NOx,

SOx and

HC.

Fugitive

emission

Negative Short term Irreversible Low, due to

movement of

vehicle only for

loading and

unloading of raw

material and

finished Goods.

Paving of roads,

reduction in

vehicle speed,

planting of

bushed and trees

along the roads

Noise

pollution

Noise

generation

Negative Short term Irreversible Low due to

limited

activity Power

horns will be

prohibited,

overloading of


55

trucks will be

prohibited

Risk &

Hazards

Accidents,

collision of

transport

vehicles

Negative Short term Irreversible Medium due to

loss of property

and injury to

Manpower.

Product and

raw

material

handling,

storage and

processing

Air Pollution Process

emission

Negative No

process

emission

form plant

since all

the

production

process

carried out

in close

vessel.

Noise pollution Noise

generation

from utilities,

processing

machineries

Negative Long term Irreversible Low due to noise

reduction

measures

Work zone air

quality

Process gas

and flue gas

emission

Negative Long term Irreversible Medium, due to

air pollution

control devices

(APC‟s)

Risk & Hazards Catch fire

accidents

Negative Short term Irreversible High, due to

injury to

manpower and

loss of properties


56

and fatal

accidents

Leakage

And spillage

from

pipelines or

storage

containers

Negative Short term Irreversible High, due to

corrosion,

leaching, burn

injuries and loss

of properties.

Water quality Vessel

washing,

Floor

washing

due to

spillage of

raw material

or products

Negative Short term Reversible Low, due to

proper storage,

proper loading

and unloading

practice, regular

maintenance of

process

equipment’s and

Machineries.

Adequate well

Designed

Internal

Drainage system

Sewage

and

Effluent

generation

Water quality Generation

Of Waste

water

Noise

Generation

From pumps

and blowers.

Negative Short term Reversible Sewage will be

sent to septic

tank and soak

pits for sewage

treatment.

Effluent will be

treated in ETP

followed by RO

and MEE to

achieve ZLD

Solid/

Hazardous

Waste

Land and soil Generation

of Solid

Waste

generation

Negative Short term Reversible Low, proper

collection and

disposal


57

Disposal

Green Belt

Development

Ecology Planting of

Trees

Positive Long term Reversible High, Positive

Impact

Air quality Dust barrier Positive Short term Reversible Low, Positive

Impact

Noise quality Noise barrier Positive Short term Reversible Low, Positive

Impact

LU/LC Conservation

of Land

Positive Short term Irreversible Low, Positive

Impact

Soil Increase in

soil fertility

Positive Short term Reversible Medium, Positive

Impact

Water Water

requirement

Negative Long term Irreversible Low, due to

water

Circulation

Employment

generation

Socio-

Economic

Status

Direct and

Indirect

employment

Positive Long term Irreversible High, the project

will generate

employment

2.11.1. Water Environment

There is no water consumption in manufacturing process. The 0.95 KLD of effluent shall be

generated during the manufacturing process. The effluent is generated as high TDS and low

TDS. The high TDS and low TDS effluent will be collected in separate collection tank. The

effluent will be transferred in to Neutralization Tank. The neutralize effluent will be passed

through the filtered notch. The filtered treated effluent will be collected in to the final collection

tank. The treated effluent from the final collection tank will be passed through the R.O. unit and

permeate of the RO will be reused (0.7 KLD) and RO reject will be evaporated in jacketed

evaporator (0.2 KLD).

The domestic wastewater shall be generated @ of 2.1 KLD which will be treated in STP.

Treated sewage will be reused for gardening.


58

Table 2.10 Waste Water Generation

category Existing (KLD) Proposed (KLD) Total after

expansion (KLD)

Domestic 2.0 0.1 2.1

Industrial

Process Nil 0.862 0.862

Boiler/ Cooling 0.05 0.038 0.088

Total Industrial

waste water

0.05 0.9 0.95

s

Figure 2.4 Schematic Flow Diagram Of ETP

The nature of different batch cycle is as follows:

Sr. No.

pH TDS (mg/l)

1 2.32 4894

2 2.89 3526

3 3.14 2112

4 3.97 1416

5 4.10 1364

The condensate composite samples content.

Sr. No.

Parameters Units Before treatment

After treatment

1 pH - 2.6 7.4


59

2 Suspended Solids mg/l 62 48

3 TDS mg/l 3368 3212

4 COD mg/l 840 472

5 BOD mg/l 243 132

6 Oil & grease mg/l 6 4

Adequacy Report

The unit shall generate 0.95 KL/ day effluent. The proposed units of ETP are as follows

Name Units No. of

Tank

Compartment

Nos.

Capacity of

Tank cum

Detention

Time In Hr. Remark

Collection Tank 1 2 1.50 48 Adequate

Neutralization

Tank 1 1 0.45 14 Adequate

Filter Notch 1 1 0.60 19 Adequate

Final Collection

Tank 1 2 1.50 48

Adequate

2.11.2. Air Environment

Air emission in form of flue gas along with air pollution control system is discussed in table no.

2.13. PM, SO2, NOx is generally emitted from flue gas stack,

Table 2.11 Flue gas emission

Sr.

No.

Stack Name

Stack

Height from

gl.

Parameter APCM

1 Thermic Fluid Heater 12 PM<150 mg/Nm3

SO2 < 100 ppm

NOx < 50 ppm

--

2 D.G. Set (125 KVA)

(existing)

5 --

Process emission:

There is no process gas emission from manufacturing process

2.11.3. Solid and Hazardous Waste Management

Hazardous waste generated from the process & maintenance. Empty drums and bags is hand

over to authorize vender for further recycle. The Management of Hazardous waste will be done

as per Hazardous Waste Management Rules 2008. The list of hazardous waste generation is

given in below mentioned table.

Table 2.12 Hazardous Wastes and its Management


60

Sr.

No.

Types of

Waste

Source of

generation

Category Quantity (MT/annum) Mode of

Disposal


1.

ETP

Sludge

ETP

33.4

-- 2.4 2.4 Collection,

Storage,

Transportation,

Disposal at

TSDF

site. 2. FRP Board

(FRP

Sheet)

(Trimming

of the

edges)

Process 21.1 0.96 -- 0.96

3. Evaporation

residue

Process -- -- 0.36 0.36

4. Used oil/

spent oil

DG set 5.1

0.01 0.02 0.03 Collection,

Storage,

Transportation, sell to

Registered Pre-processor/

Used as

lubricant in

premises

5. Discarded

Container /

Drum

Raw

material

packing

33.3 100

Nos./

year

200 Nos./

year

300

Nos./year

Sold to

Registered

Re-processor/

Sand back to

supplier

Bags 4700

Nos/

year

5300 Nos/

year

10000

nos/year

Sold to

Registered

Recycler/ Sand

back to supplier

Management and disposal of waste stream to be generated from spillage

Sr.

No.

Scenario Vulnerability

zone

Remarks

1. Spill of LDO Area close to

spill area

Isolate the area immediately and ensure no ignition

source comes nearby. Reclaim the material if possible

or cover the spill with sand/mud/foam.


61

2. Liquid

leakage/spillage

in confined

space

Confined area Spillage to be collected in dyke area and transfer to the

separate drum for reuse purpose. Fresh air

inlet/ventilation system to be fully opened. Ventilation

exhaust of vapors

Impervious flooring will be done at manufacturing process and materials storage area.

The preventive maintenance was planned and carried out as per plan to avoid the failure

of valve, pipe lines and other component of transferring line. The spillage will be confined

to the dyke area underneath the vessel. The resultant splash of the above chemicals will

result in exposure of toxic chemicals to employees. The spillage materials will collect and

reuse in process again.

2.11.4. Noise Pollution

Noise generating machines will be provided with appropriate acoustic enclosures to

maintain the noise levels within limits

2.12. Green Belt Development

Existing green belt area: 64000 sq. m.

Proposed green belt area: 1000 sq m.

Total Green belt area: 65000 sq.m

Tree plantation is one of the effective remedial measures to control the Air pollution and

noise pollution. It also causes aesthetics and climatologically improvement of area as well

as sustains and supports the biosphere.

The annual budget for the plantation will be Rs. 2,00,000/ -.

2.13. Occupational Health & Safety

The company is concerned with the health, safety and environment protection. The company will

formulate and develop an “Occupational Health & Safety Policy” to ensure good health and safety

of its employees.

The following key safety measures shall be a part of the Health & Safety policy of the company

and shall be followed after the project implementation:


62

Safety Training shall be provided to the employees.

Safety Sirens with Alarm System in case of emergency shall be provided.

Fire Extinguishers shall be provided.

Mock drills shall be periodically conducted and factors like response time shall be

evaluated.

First Aid Facility and training shall be provided.

PPEs and shall be provided to the employees.

Health check-ups shall be organized at regular intervals.

Safety/Health records and MSDS shall be maintained.


63

CHAPTER 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

3.1. Background

Generation of environmental baseline data for a project area is an important phase of any

Environmental Impact Assessment process. Baseline data provide vital information on the

existing environmental quality in which a development is planned. It is also useful for delineating

environmental sensitive areas and for preparing an Environmental Sensitivity Map for contingency

planning. In this study, the environmental characteristics of the project area (10 km study area)

were established through extensive literature search, field sampling/measurements, laboratory

analysis, consultation and data interpretation.

Secondary data from literature search were also obtained from the Govt. sources i.e.

Meteorological Department, CPCB publications; Forest Department and other Govt. Sources. The

study area within a 10 km radius around the proposed plant site has been considered as impact

zone for present EIA study. Primary and secondary data was collected for 10 km radial study of

the project site.

3.2. Environmental Setting and Salient Environmental Features of the Project Area

Figure 3.1 Location Map of 10-km Radius Study Area (Source: google earth)


64

Figure 3.2 Road Connectivity Map of Study Area

3.3. Primary Data Collection: Monitoring Plan and Quality Assurance Procedures

Baseline study has been carried out by during winter season (November, 2017 to January, 2018)

as per the standard TOR and prepared/revalidated the baseline data and prepared the EIA report.

The study period and methodology for primary data collection is summarized in Table 3.2.

Table 3.1 Summary of Methodology for Primary/Secondary Baseline Data Collection

Parameters No. of

Sampling

Locations

Frequency/Season Remark

Ambient Air Quality

PM (10), PM(2.5),

SO2, NOx, VOC

8 (Eight) Twice a Week AAQ monitoring was carried

out at eight locations

(representing upwind,

downwind and sensitive

locations). 24 hours sampling

at each location was carried


65

out as per CPCB guide lines

(CPCB Gazette notification

dated 18.11.2009 on AAQ).

Meteorology

Temperature,

Humidity, Wind speed,

Direction, Rainfall etc.

One location Hourly Met station was established

close to the site to record the

site-specific hourly met data.

Ground Water Quality

Physical, chemical

and biological

parameters as per

IS:10500

7 (Seven) Once in season Ground water: Sampling was

conducted at seven locations.

Samples were preserved,

transported and analyzed for

different parameters based on

APHA methods. Temp,

conductivity and pH which

were measured intently at site

itself.

Soil

Texture, bulk density,

pH, conductivity,

cation exchange

capacity, organic

matter, Total N,P,K,

and Heavy metals etc

5 (Five) Once in season Soil samples were collected at

five locations within the study

area and analyzed as per IARI

method

Noise

Noise profiling for 24

hrs

8 (Eight) Once in season Noise monitoring was

conducted within the 10-km

area of project site for noise

profiling for 24 hrs using

integrated sound level meter,

as per CPCB guidelines.

Ecology (Flora & Fauna)

Flora & Fauna Study Area Once in season Primary field survey and

secondary sources

Demography & Socio-economic Features


66

Demography & Socio-

economic

Study Area Once in season Primary field survey and

secondary sources

Standard methods and procedures have been strictly adhered to in the course of this study.

QA/QC procedures were strictly followed which covers all aspects of the study, and includes

sample collection, handling, laboratory analyses, data coding, statistical analyses, presentation

and communication of results. All analysis was carried out in NABL/MoEF accredited/recognized

laboratory.

3.4. Physical Environment

3.4.1. Topography

Ahmedabad is an Industrial hub for textiles and is popularly known as the “Manchester of India”.

The district headquarter, Ahmedabad was also the State Capital from May 1960 to May 1970,

before it was shifted to the new township at Gandhinagar. Ahmedabad district occupies 8087 sq.

km. area between 21°58‟ and 23°30‟ Northlatitudes and 71°35‟ and 73°02‟ East longitudes in the

central part of Gujarat state. It falls in the survey of India degree sheet numbers 41N, 41M, 46A

and 46B. It is bounded by Mahesana and Gandhinagar in North, Sabarkantha in North East,

Kheda in East Gulf of Cambay (Khambat), Bhavnagar in South and Surendranagar in west.

3.4.2. Physiography

River Sabarmati is the principal river of the district. It originates from Dhebar lake in Aravalli Range

of Udaipur District, Rajasthan and finally debauches into Gulf of Khambat near Vataman village

of Dholka taluka. Sabarmati forms the Eastern boundary of the district flowing from NE to SW

direction in Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar districts. The river Vatrak flows for a smaller length and

joins Sabarmati near village Wauta of Dholka taluka. The Khari river and the Meshwo river drain

Daskroitaluka. The river Bhogavo with its branches Chatori and Omkar drains Dholka and

Dhandhuka talukas. The Bhadar river with its branch Goma, Lilka, Utavali and Ghela drains

Dhandhuka taluka of the district. River Rodh drains Sanand and Dholka talukas. Rivers Shelwa

and Andhli drain Dholka taluka. There is no river or rivulet in Viramgam taluka.

3.4.3. Geology

The project region is located on the banks of the River Sabarmati in the Northern part

of Gujarat and the western part of India. It is located at 23.03°N 72.58°E spanning an area of

205 km². The average elevation is 53 metres.


67

There are 2 main lakes located in the city limits – the Kankaria Lake, and the Vastapur Lake.

Kankaria lake, located in Maninagar, is an artificial lake developed by Qutb-ud-din Aybakin 1451.

It also has an aquarium and a zoo. In the middle of the lake is an island palace named Naginawadi,

built during the Mughal era. The city is located in a sandy and dry area. Except for the small hills

of Thaltej-Jodhpur Tekra, the entire city is almost flat. The Sabarmati bifurcates the city into

Eastern and western parts, connected by five bridges, two of which were constructed after

independence. Though the river is perennial, it gets dried up in the summer, leaving only a small

stream of water flowing.

There are typically three main seasons – summer, monsoon and winter. Barring monsoon, the

climate is very dry. The weather is very hot during the months of March to June with the average

summer temperature ranging from maximum 43 °C to minimum 23 °C. The months of November

to February have an average maximum temperature 36 °C and a minimum of 15 °C. The climate

is extremely dry during that period. Cold Northerly winds are responsible for a mild chill during

January. The south-west monsoon winds bring humid climate to Ahmedabad from mid-June to

mid-September. The average rainfall is 932 mm. The highest temperature recorded is 47 °C and

the lowest is 5 °C.

Ahmedabad is divided by the Sabarmati into two physically distinct areas. The Eastern bank of

the river houses the old city which has packed bazaars, a pol system of houses, and many places

of worship like temples and mosques. The old city also houses the main railway station and

the General Post Office. The colonial period saw the expansion of the city to the western side of

Sabarmati falicitated by the construction of Ellis Bridge in 1875. This part of the city houses

educational institutions, modern buildings, well-planned residential areas, shopping

malls, multiplexes and new business districts centred on the C.G. Road, Ashram Road and more

recently the Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway.

3.4.4. Geomorphology

Geomorphologically the district can be divided into two zones, the major portion of it forms a flat

planar topography except for a few rocky features in the extreme southern portion.

Flat Alluvial Peneplain

It includes the low-lying land of Dholka and Dhandhuka taluka (falling below 20 m) contour

characterized by marshy land, which is believed to be under sea in the past. Water logging is


68

common in these tracts at high tides during monsoon. This barren low land is termed as “The

Bhal” area and characterized by high coastal salinity. The spreading of alluvial bed of Sabarmati

river from end to end of the district is an important natural feature being observed. Below the city,

on the left bank of the river and also midway between it and the Khari river are few small rises.

But everywhere else, the surface of the ground is unbroken on every side, except the North, with

groves of various trees. Along the Right Bank of Sabarmati river, the prominent characteristics of

Daskroipass into Dholka. However, towards west and south-west they pass into fertile but

absolutely flat and monotonous black soil of the Bhal. The area from Dholka to Bavliari creek

along the coast is characterized by salty and marshy land. Along the western border, the land

passes into a reddish form. 10

Low hills

A series of low hills are present few Km west of Rampur in the western Dhandhuka taluka. The

hills around Ninana in the most westerly part of Dhandhuka are covered with fragments of quartz

and limestone. Some hills are located around Vasai and Miroli in the southern section of the

district, also near Thaltej and Gota of Daskroi taluka in the North, and Chandisar in Dholka and

Vastrapur in the City Taluka.

3.4.5. Land / Soil Characteristic:

The sub soil condition below the existing ground level are almost uniform in nature. Sub soil is

composed of Clay mixed with little fine grained silty sand, moram and Kankar with low resistivity

due to clay and soil moisture. The area is covered with recent to sub recent alluvial deposits

comprising of brownish clay mixed with little fine-grained sand, silty sand. The Soil below ground

level consist of top silty low plastic soil layer having no swelling nature. Blackish brown to yellowish

brown clayey silt or sand silt layer extends to the depth of 2 to 3 mts.

3.4.6. Rain Fall:

The average annual rainfall (1980 to 1990) is 558 mm. (10 years) average rain fall of (1990 to

2000) 10 years is 746 mm, average rain falls of (2000-2010) is 889 mm and average rainfall of 30

years is 731 mm contributed mainly by Southwestern monsoon active from June to Mid-

September.

Dependable Rainfall = N X P = 22 X 40 = 8.8


69

8th year i.e.=842 mm

Average Rainfall: - 1980-1990 = 558 mm

1990-2000 = 746 mm

2000-2010 = 889 mm

30 years average Rainfall: - = 731 mm

3.4.7. General Information of Taluka Sanand:

Total number of villages = 67

Total area of Taluka in Sq. Kms.= 800

Saline area = 240 Sq. Kms.

Fresh water area = 460 Sq. Kms.

Hard rock area = NIL.

Alluvium area = 800 Sq.Kms

Feasibility =Deep Tubewell

Quality of Groundwater = Potable water & Partly Saline

Ground water Balance – 112.15 MCM/ Year

3.4.8. Climate:

The climate of the area is semi-arid and is characterized by a hot summers and general dryness

except during the South west monsoon between the months June and September. There is a

meteorological observatory at Ahmedabad manned by IMD. May is the hottest month with mean

daily maximum temperature of 41.30C. and the mean daily minimum temperature of 26.30C

3.4.9. Geohydrology:

The litho logical logs of exploratory bore holes, electrical logging results by govt. agencies in and

around Sanand taluka have been studied to understand the subsurface geology and the aquifer


70

system. These bore holes have penetrated the thick sequence of post Miocene sediments down

to 300 + m depth.

The hydro geological cross sections have been prepared by CGWB to study the subsurface

geology and aquifer system in the area. It is reveals that the existence of multilayered aquifer

system, within a depth of 300 + m bgl.

I. Ground Water Condition:

In the area under investigation, ground water occurs both under phreatic and confined condition

in aranaceous horizons. The occurrence and movement of ground water is mainly controlled by

primary porosity of inter granular pore spaces. Ground water is being developed extensively by

means of Tube well from deep confined aquifers for water supply both in domestic, industrial and

agricultural sector.

J. Depth of Ground Water Table:

Shallow aquifer (Phreatic) development (up to 30m depth) in the area is limited due to rapid

urbanization inferior quality and low yields. Depth of water level in these tube well ranges from 10

to 20 mts. yield of wells is moderate and quality of ground water is variable and ranges from fresh

to saline.

a. Confined Aquifers:

Deep tube well tapping confined aquifers are the main ground water withdrawal structure. Due to

rapid urban growth, heavy ground water exploitation has resulted in progressive lowering of

potential head and discharges. Depths of tube well have increased from about 150 m in late sixties

to more than 300 m at present. Depth to water level in confined aquifers ranged from 90 to 100mts.

Discharge for tube well ranged from 15 lps to 35 lps for 3 to 10m of drawdowns. The specific

capacity of these wells ranges from 1 to 12 lps/m. Aquifer transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity

varies from about 100 to 2000 m2 /day and 1 to 78 m/day respectively. Ground water quality in

deeper aquifer generally varies from 800 to 2000 TDS.

b. Water level Fluctuation:

Large scale development of Ground Water from deep aquifers has resulted in progressive decline

in water levels. Presently the Pumping water level rest more than 75m bgl. and as a consequence,


71

discharge have reduced or pumping costs have increased. The rate of decline varies from 2.06

m/yr to 2.136 m/yr.

K. Drainage Pattern:

The area has a drainage pattern which is of the parallel and trellis type and which is controlled by

the topography and structure and tectonics of the region. All the small streams flow from the

higher grounds and meet ultimately Sabarmati River which flow from North East direction to South

East direction near project area. The area Drainage ultimately meet with Gulf of Khambhat.

Area has diverse landscape made up of small hills, valley, drainage flow, Platue and alluvium

plain. The terrain slope is south in the Northern Western in the South number of major river drains

the area. Due to terrain constraint it is necessary to adopt proper soil conservation and sand water

development and management practice for w/s in sustained basis. Because of short span of

monsoon season and limited storage capacity and rapid cut flow for hard rock aquifers, that is

need to provide ground water recharge facilities to supplement its which drawl at a time of

summer.

As various components of the hydrologic System-Catchment runoff, base flow and ground water

an integrated at the level of river basins, river basin should be the unit of governance and

management of water resource such a system of governance will ensure integration of physical

sustainability consideration and the social economic and environmental consideration in water

resources management planning which ultimately result in good governance

3.5. Seismicity of the Study Area

Based on tectonic features and records of past earthquakes, a seismic zoning map of India has

been prepared by a committee of experts under the auspices of Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS

Code: IS: 1893: Part I 2002. According to the seismic-zoning map of India, the project area falls

in Zone III of seismicity. The seismicity map of study area is shown in Figure 3.3.


72

Figure 3.3 Seismic Zones Map (Source: Map of India)

3.6. Land use

Land use analysis was carried out using remote Sensing Data. Interpretation approach based on

systematic digital imaging was used for delineating the land use classes. The demarcation of

boundaries falling under different land use/land cover units is done using different colors assigned

to different land use/land cover units of satellite imagery.

The site is located in the existing industrial area. Most of the land within the 10 km area of the

project site is agricultural land. As per the land use based on satellite image, about 94% of the

land is Agricultural land, 3%% of the land is Open shrub land, about 1% land is water bodies &

1% of the land is covered with vegetation and 1% is comes under settlement.

Table 3.2 Land use of the Study Area

Class Area (Sq km)

Agricultural Land 295.02

Waterbody 3.36

Open Shrub Land 10.20

Settlement 4.58

Vegetation 1.50


73

Class Area (Sq km)

Total 314.66

Figure 3.4 Graph Showing Land Use of the Study Area (10 km Radius)

94%

1%

3%

1%

1%

Land Use

Agricultural Land

Waterbody

Open Shrub Land

Settlement

Vegetation


74

Figure 3.5 Land use/Land Cover Map of 10 Km Radial Study Zone (Source: Google earth satellite

imagery)

3.7. Meteorology

Observation on Meteorology: The meteorological parameters play a vital role in transport and

dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere.

Climate: The climate of Gujarat is varied, as it is moist in the southern districts and dry in the

Northern region. The Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Khambhat in the west and the forest-covered

hills in the East soften the rigours of climatic extremes, consequently reducing the temperature

and render the climate more pleasant and healthy. The mean minimum temperature is about 12°C

and means maximum temperature is about 42°C. The normal annual rainfall over the district about

750 mm.

Relative Humidity: The mean monthly average of Relative Humidity values for Ahmedabad

station was recorded & Relative Humidity is generally high during the period from June to


75

September. The diurnal variations are lEast during monsoon season. The diurnal variation is

highest during summer period. Relative humidity is maximum 65 % and minimum 18 %.

Cloudiness: The skies are heavily clouded to overcast during the south-west monsoon season.

In May and October, the clouding is moderate. Clear or very lightly clouded skies are common in

the rest of the year.

Regional Meteorology:

Table 3.3 Long Term Meteorological Data of Ahmedabad

Month Mean Daily Maximum

Temperature(0C)

Mean Daily Minimum

Temperature(0C)

Mean Daily Temperature

(0C)

Relative Humidity

(%)

Mean wind

Speed (Km/h)

Average Rainfall

(mm)

January 12.25 29.70 21 20.35 3.7 00

February 23.17 31.48 15.10 15.93 5.7 00

March 29.00 36.87 21.06 11.77 5.9 00

April 32.33 38.83 25.17 12.20 7.6 00

May 35.90 41.39 28.29 15.61 11.4 50

June 34.37 40.50 28.57 26.97 12.1 210

July 29.90 33.68 26.26 54.32 8.9 350

August 28.29 31.35 28.29 65.35 7.4 150

September 29.20 33.73 24.50 51.07 6.2 50

October 29.77 26.45 23.71 40.38 2.5 20

November 23.73 21.27 20.57 17.7 2.4 00

December 22.06 25.03 21.38 18.23 3.3 00

Met Data Generated at Site

Met data for Asiatic Composite Limited was generated at site during November, 2017 to January,

2018. An automatic weather monitoring station was installed at Project site, keeping the sensors

free exposed to the atmosphere and with minimum interference with the nearby structures. The

micro-meteorological data like wind speed, wind direction, temperature, relative humidity and

atmospheric pressure were collected using the weather stationed cloud cover was recorded

manually for the study period.


76

Table 3.4 Site Specific Meteorological Data

Month Wind speed

Wind direction

Temperature Relative humidity

Rainfall

December,

2017

2.1 51.1 21.7 52.6 0.0

January,

2018

1.4 44.2 21.7 49.2 0.0

February,

2018

1.3 57.9 24.7 43.7 0.0

Site specific wind rose diagram is presented in Figure 3.6.


77

Figure 3.6 Wind Rose Diagram

3.8. Ambient Air Quality

AAQ monitoring was done for winter season (November, 2017 to January, 2018). CPCB

guidelines were applied for selecting the appropriateness of monitoring locations. The location


78

and height of the stations were so selected (>5 m from base) to avoid the capture of re-suspended

road dust and fugitive domestic emissions due to burning. All the ambient air analysis with respect

to each parameter were analyzed as per CPCB guidelines. AAQ monitoring was done at eight (8)

locations within the study area considering dominant wind direction, populated area and sensitive

receptors. The data on pollutants concentrations were processed for different statistical

parameters like arithmetic mean, minimum and maximum concentration and 90 percentile values.

Details of monitoring locations are shown in Table 3.5. Monitoring Location map is shown in Figure

3.7. The summary of Ambient Air quality results is presented in Table 3.6.

Table 3.5 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations

Sampling

Station No.

Station Direction with

distance

Coordinates

AAQ1 Project Site 0.0 22°54'11.60"N, 72°14'49.57"E

AAQ2 Mankol WNW, ~2.11 22°53'44.17"N, 72°15'57.43"E

AAQ3 Charal N ~7.25 22°58'6.50"N, 72°14'56.75"E

AAQ4 Kavla S ~8.81 22°49'25.44"N, 72°14'32.23"E

AAQ5 Vinchhiya NE ~4.91 22°55'40.57"N, 72°17'9.24"E

AAQ6 Kundal WSW ~2.65 22°53'53.99"N, 72°13'17.96"E

AAQ7 Rethal WSW ~6.09 22°53'16.54"N, 72°11'14.94"E

AAQ8 Daduka WNW ~7.26 22°54'50.26"N, 72°10'37.80"E


79

Figure 3.7 Air Monitoring Sampling location

(Source: google earth)

Table 3.6 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results (24-hour average)

Param

eters

AAQ1 AAQ2 AAQ3 AAQ4 AAQ5 AAQ6 AAQ7 AAQ8

PM 10

in

μg/m3

Max. 60.4 52.2 51.8 54.6 55.2 57.4 57.2 55

Min. 49.1 45.6 44.4 46.2 48.6 47.2 47.6 48.5

Mean 54.75 48.9 48.1 50.4 51.9 52.3 52.4 51.75

PM

2.5 in

μg/m3

Max. 40.9 35.6 37.4 36.2 35.2 38.2 39.2 37.6

Min. 35.4 32.4 31.2 33.5 31.1 30.6 33.4 33.4

Mean 38.15 34 34.3 34.85 33.15 34.4 36.3 35.5

Max. 20.3 18.6 16.5 15.6 18.1 16.8 15.9 17.7


80

SO2 in

μg/m3

Min. 15.1 13.5 12.4 11.2 14.8 12.6 11.9 12.3

Mean 17.7 16.05 14.45 13.4 16.45 14.7 13.9 15

NOx in

μg/m3

Max. 25.6 17.8 16.6 19.2 21.5 17.5 20.1 15.6

Min. 19.7 12.4 11.5 12.4 14.1 11.8 13.2 11.5

Mean 22.65 15.1 14.05 15.8 17.8 14.65 16.65 13.55

VOC

in

μg/m3

Max. 0.3 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

Min. 0.12 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

Mean 0.21 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

Table 3.7 National Ambient Air Quality Standards (CPCB), 2009

S.N. Pollutant Time

weighted

average

Concentration in Ambient air Methods of

Measurement Industrial,

Residential,

Rural and

Other Area

Ecologically

sensitive area

(notified by

Central Govt.)

1 Sulphur

Dioxide (SO2),

μg/m3

Annual* 50 20 •Improved West and

Geake

•Ultraviolet

fluorescence

24 hours** 80 80

2 Nitrogen

Dioxide

(NO2),μg/m3

Annual* 40 40 •Modified Jacob &

Hochheiser (Na

Arsenite)

•Chemiluminescence

24 hours** 80 80

3 Particulate

Matter (size

less than 10

μm) or

PM10μg/m3

Annual* 60 60 •Gravimetric •TOEM

•Beta attenuation 24 hours** 100 100

4 Particulate

Matter (size

less than 2.5

Annual* 40 40 •Gravimetric •TOEM

•Beta attenuation 24 hours** 60 60


81

microns) or

PM2.5μg/m3

5 Ozone (O3)

μg/m3

Annual* 100 100 •UV photometric

•Chemiluminescence

•Chemical method

24 hours** 180 180

6 Lead (Pb)

μg/m3

Annual* 0.5 0.5 •ASS / ICP method

after sampling on

EPM 2000 or

equivalent filter

paper •ED – XRF

using Teflon filter

24 hours** 1.0 1.0

7 Carbon

Monoxide

(CO) mg/m3

8 hours** 2 2 Non Dispersive Infra-

RED (NDIR)

Spectroscopy

1 hour** 4 4

8 Ammonia

(NH3) μg/m3

Annual* 100 100 •Chemiluminescence

•Indophenol blue

method

24 hours** 400 400

9 Benzene

(C6H6) μg/m3

Annual* 5 5 •Gas

chromatography

based continuous

analyser •Adsorption

and desorption

followed by GC

analysis

10 Benzo (a)

Pyrene (BaP) –

particulate

phase only

ng/m3

Annual* 1 1 Solvent extraction

followed by HPLC /

GC analysis

11 Arsenic (As)

ng/m3

Annual* 6 6 AAS / ICP method

after sampling on

EPM 2000 or


82

equivalent filter

paper

12 Nickel (Ni)

ng/m3

Annual* 20 20 AAS / ICP method

after sampling on

EPM 2000 or

equivalent filter

paper

* Annual Arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year taken twice a week 24 hourly at uniform

interval.

** 24 hourly/ 8 hourly values should be met 98% of the time in a year. However, 2% of the time, it may exceed

but not on two conservative days

3.3.1. Interpretation of result

PM2.5 (Winter Season): The highest PM2.5 level was observed Project Site (38.15 µg/m3), while

the lowest level was observed at Vinchhiya (33.15 µg/m3). The Average PM2.5 levels are within

the NAAQS levels for Industrial, Residential, Rural and Other Areas (60 µg/m3).

Figure 3.8 Statistical Comparison of PM2.5 Concentration (Winter Season)

PM10 (Winter Season): PM10 level was found ranging from 48.1 to 54.75 µg/m3. The highest

PM10 level were found at Project Site (54.75 µg/m3) while the lowest level was found at Charal

(48.1 µg/m3). The PM10 in the study area is contributed mainly by industrial emissions, vehicular

emissions, re-suspended dust from paved / unpaved roads and open areas as well as from

industrial activities. The Average PM10 levels are within the NAAQS levels for Industrial,

Residential, Rural and Other Areas.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60


PM 2.5

Max. Min. Mean


83

Figure 3.9 Statistical Comparison of PM10 Concentration (Winter Season)

Sulphur Dioxide (Winter Season): The highest level of SO2 was found at Project Site (17.7

µg/m3) whereas lowest level was found at Kavla (13.4 µg/m3). The SO2 level of the Study area

is well under the NAAQS Standard of 80 µg/m3. The main source of SO2 emission is vehicular.

Figure 3.10 Statistical Comparison of SO2 Concentration (Winter Season)

Oxides of Nitrogen (Winter Season): The highest level of NOx was found at Project Site (22.65

µg/m3) whereas lowest level was found at Daduka (13.55 µg/m3). The NOx level of the Study

area is well under the NAAQS Standard of 80 µg/m3. The main source of NOx emission is

industrial & vehicular.

0

20

40

60

80

100


PM 10

Max. Min. Mean

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80


SO2

Max. Min. Mean


84

Figure 3.11 Statistical Comparison of NOx Concentration (Winter Season)

Overall the ambient air quality of the study area during winter season was found to be within the

NAAQS.

3.9. Noise Environment

Noise after a certain level can have a very disturbing effect on the people and animals exposed

to it. Hence, it is important to assess the present noise quality of the area in order to predict the

potential impact of future noise levels due to the proposed project.

Ambient noise measurements were taken at 8 locations during winter season. Noise monitoring

locations are represented in Table 3.8. The Noise level recorded in study area during December,

2017- February, 2018 is represented in Table 3.9.

The monitored levels were compared against the Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules

2000, as amended through the Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Amendment Rules 2010

dated 11th January 2010. The noise levels at all the locations were found within the ambient noise

standards.

Table 3.8 Ambient Noise Quality Monitoring Locations

Sampling

Station No.


distance

Coordinates

N1 Project Site 0.0 22°54'11.60"N,

72°14'49.57"E

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80


NOx

Max. Min. Mean


85

Sampling

Station No.


distance

Coordinates

N 2 Mankol WNW, ~2.11 22°53'44.17"N,

72°15'57.43"E

N 3 Charal N ~7.25 22°58'6.50"N,

72°14'56.75"E

N 4 Kavla S ~8.81 22°49'25.44"N,

72°14'32.23"E

N 5 Vinchhiya NE ~4.91 22°55'40.57"N,

72°17'9.24"E

N 6 Kundal WSW ~2.65 22°53'53.99"N,

72°13'17.96"E

N 7 Rethal WSW ~6.09 22°53'16.54"N,

72°11'14.94"E

N 8 Daduka WNW ~7.26 22°54'50.26"N,

72°10'37.80"E

Figure 3.12 Noise Monitoring Sampling Location

(Source: Google Earth)


86

Table 3.9 Ambient Noise Quality in the Study Area

Location

Name

Day Time

Leq dB(A)

Night Time

Leq dB(A)

N1 50-56 45-50

N 2 51-57 46-49

N 3 49-55 44-48

N 4 52-58 43-49

N 5 47-52 40-46

N 6 50-56 42-48

N 7 57-61 50-56

N 8 52-59 44-50

Table 3.10 Applicable Noise Standards

3.4.1. Observation on Ambient Noise Quality:

The ambient noise quality of the study area is within the prescribed National Ambient Noise

Quality Standards prescribed for industrial (Standards - 75 dBA during day time and 70dBA during

night time) residential area (Standards - 55 dBA during day time and 45 dBA during night time)

and commercial area (Standards - 65 dBA during day time and 55 dBA during night time).

3.10. Water Quality

Water environment of an area is broadly classified into the following categories

Ground water: Water seepage and accumulations in deeper strata of ground.

Surface water: Rivers, drains, canal, ponds etc.

The only source of recharging for both surface and ground water source is from precipitation

(rainfall).

Area Code Category of Area Limit in dB (A) Leq

Day Time Night Time

A Industrial area 75 70

B Commercial area 65 55

C Residential area 55 45

D Silence zone 50 40


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Seven (7) ground water samples were collected from different locations around the site during

winter season (December, 2017- February, 2018). The water samples were examined for

physico-chemical parameters and bacteriological parameters. The samples were collected and

analyzed as per the procedures specified in Standard Methods. Samples for chemical analyses

were collected in polyethylene carboys. Samples for bacteriological analyses were collected in

sterilized bottles. Temperature, pH, conductivity and dissolved oxygen were measured at site

itself.

The name of ground water sampling locations is presented in Table 3.11 respectively. The

analysis results of groundwater for winter season are presented in Table 3.12.

Table 3.11 Ground Water Sampling Locations

Sampling

Station

No.


distance

Coordinates

GW1 Project Site 0.0 22°54'11.60"N, 72°14'49.57"E

GW2 Mankol WNW, ~2.11 22°53'44.17"N, 72°15'57.43"E

GW3 Charal N ~7.25 22°58'6.50"N, 72°14'56.75"E

GW4 Kavla S ~8.81 22°49'25.44"N, 72°14'32.23"E

GW5 Vinchhiya NE ~4.91 22°55'40.57"N, 72°17'9.24"E

GW6 Kundal WSW ~2.65 22°53'53.99"N, 72°13'17.96"E

GW7 Rethal WSW ~6.09 22°53'16.54"N, 72°11'14.94"E


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Figure 3.13 Ground water Sampling Location

(Source: Google Earth)

Table 3.12 Ground Water Quality in the Study Area

Parameter Unit GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6 GW7 Permissible

Limit as

Per

Reference

Method

pH - 7.4 7.3 7.6 7.6 7.7 7.3 7.4 6.5-8.5 APHA

4500 H+

Electric

Conductivity µS/cm 750 650 721 710 690 725 745 -

APHA

2510

TDS mg/l 710 535 585 480 750 547 620 2000 APHA

2540 C

Hardness mg/l 152 150 160 175 165 152 159 600 APHA

2340

Total

Alkalinity mg/l 158 169 153 177 195 185 198 600

APHA

2320


89

Parameter Unit GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6 GW7 Permissible

Limit as

Per

Reference

Method

Calcium mg/l 45 42 48 51 56 49 55 200 APHA -

3500 Ca

Magnesium mg/l 9.6 10.9 9.76 11.5 6.1 7.1 5.2 100 APHA

3500-Mg

Chloride mg/l 145 136 160 138 140 149 139 1000 APHA

4500 - Cl-

Sulphate mg/l 105 98 85 80 101 79 65 400

APHA

4500-

SO42-

Observation on Ground Water Quality

All the samples meet the desirable standards (pH ranges from 7.3 to 7.7).

TDS in samples ranges from 480 mg/L to 750 mg/L. All the samples meet the permissible

limit of 2000 mg/L.

Total Hardness in the water ranges from 150 mg/L to 175 mg/L. All the samples meet the

permissible limit of 600 mg/L.

Calcium content in the water ranges from 42 mg/L to 56 mg/L all the samples meet the

permissible limit of 200 mg/L.

Magnesium content in the water ranges from 5.2 mg/L to 11.5 mg/L. All the samples meet

the permissible limit of 100 mg/L.

Sulfate content in the water ranges from 65 mg/L to105 mg/L. All the samples meet the

permissible limit of 400 mg/L for drinking water.

Total alkalinity in the water samples ranges from 153 mg/L to 195 mg/L. All the samples are

within the permissible limit of drinking water (600 mg/L).

Chlorides range from 136 mg/L to 160 mg/L, which are below permissible limits (1000 mg/L).

Heavy metals like Copper, Nickel, Cadmium and Zinc are well below the limit in all samples

except Lead, which was slight above the permissible limit.

Hence, it can be observed that ground water qualities in terms of various essential and desirable

characteristics are found within the limits specified by IS 10500:2012.


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3.11. Soil Quality

Soils may be defined as a thin layer of earth's crust that serves as a natural medium for the growth

of plants. It is the unconsolidated mineral matter that has been subjected to and influenced by

genetic and environmental factors. Soils serve as a reservoir of nutrients for plants and crops and

also provide mechanical anchorage and favorable tilts.

Soil is our most important natural resource and a natural resource is anything that comes from

the earth and is used by us. We depend on the soil for food, clothing, shelter, minerals, clay &

water. Soil is the seat of many macro and micro flora like algae, fungi, earthworms, bacteria etc.

These are very beneficial in promoting soil reactions and decomposing the organic matter by

which essential nutrients for plants are liberated. Most of the soils are made-up of two main parts:

Tiny bits of mineral particles which come from larger rocks, and humus, which is dark

brown in colour and consists of decaying remains of plants and animals.

Soil also contains water, air and living organisms, such as fungi, bacteria, earthworms,

roundworms, insects, etc. Actually, more living organisms live in the soil than above it.

For general characterization of soil a few random samples from the study area to the depth of

about 15-cm may sufficient. Deeper soil samples may be needed only for the study of soil Profile.

3.11.1. General Characteristics of the Soil in the District

The soils in the district can broadly be classified as:

Black Soils: Black soils cover the southern part of Dholka and Eastern part of Dhandhuka taluka

popularly known as „Bhal‟ tract, where cotton is grown in the initial stage of monsoon. It is not

very clayey and contains above 20% of clay and about 40 % of sand. Sub-soil invariably contains

horizons of lime nodules. This type of soil is highly suitable for cultivation of rabi wheat, which is

the main crop raised on this soil. If rains are sufficient in the late monsoon, rabi jowar and grams

are sown. Medium Black Soils are found in Viramgam, Sanand and Dholka talukas. This soil is

suitable for growing bajri, jowar and cotton.

Goradu Soils: Goradu soils vary from fertile brown to sandy loam and is found in City, Daskroiand

parts of Sanand, Dholka and Viramgam talukas. This soil is mostly fertile and responds very well

to irrigation and manuring. Practically all kinds of crops can grow on this soil.


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Kyari: Kyari soils are found in several parts of City, DasKroi, Sanand, Dholka and Viramgam

talukas. It is the most fertile soil with very good moisture and retentive capacity. Well known

varieties of paddy such as Pankali, kamod, Jirasar, Sukhvel, Sutarsal and Basumati are grown

on this soil.

Rocky soils: Rocky soils are found in Dhandhuka taluka and is known as Kaner tract. It is

shallow, light in texture and fit for early maturing crops like cotton, Bajri, Jowar and Math.

Soil map of Ahmedabad district is shown as Figure 3.13.

Figure 3.14 Soil Map of Ahmedabad District

3.11.2. Methodology

The soil samples were collected from five selected locations during winter season (December,

2017- February, 2018). The samples collected from all the locations were homogeneous

representative of each location. At random five sub locations were identified at each location and

soil samples were collected from 5 to15-cm below the surface. It was uniformly mixed before

homogenizing the soil samples. The samples about 500-gms were packed in polythene bags


92

labeled in the field with location & number and sent to the laboratory for the analysis of

physicochemical parameters. Soil sampling locations were selected based on the local geological

formation and the agricultural practices. Soil sampling locations with their distance & directions

with respect to the proposed expansion project site are presented in Table: 3.13 & shown in

Figure: 3.15.

Table 3.13 Soil Sampling Locations

Sampling

Station

No.


distance

Coordinates

S1 Project Site 0.0 22°54'11.60"N, 72°14'49.57"E

S2 Mankol WNW, ~2.11 22°53'44.17"N, 72°15'57.43"E

S3 Charal N ~7.25 22°58'6.50"N, 72°14'56.75"E

S4 Kavla S ~8.81 22°49'25.44"N, 72°14'32.23"E

S5 Vinchhiya NE ~4.91 22°55'40.57"N, 72°17'9.24"E


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Figure 3.15 Soil Monitoring Location Map

3.11.3. Analysis of Soil Samples

The soil samples were examined for various physicochemical parameters, to determine the

existing soil characteristics of the study area. Soil samples were collected from the vicinity of

proposed project site during winter season (December, 2017- February, 2018). Physicochemical

characteristics of soil for Asiatic Composite are presented in Table 3.14.

Table 3.14 Physicochemical Characteristics of Soil

Parameter S1 S2 S3 S4 S5

pH 7.7 7.3 7.9 7.4 7.6

Calcium 0.38 0.33 0.31 0.29 0.40

Magnesium 0.21 0.15 0.14 0.17 0.30

Sodium 2.3 0.7 0.59 0.5 2.8


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Potassium 0.22 0.09 0.08 0.15 0.19

Total Alkalinity 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.7

Sulphate 0.26 0.21 0.18 0.21 0.29

Chloride 3.9 1.7 1.5 1.8 4.0

Organic Matter 0.009 0.14 0.16 0.14 0.15

Available Nitrogen 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.52

Available

Phosphorus

0.019 0.32 0.5 0.3 0.18

Boron ND ND ND ND ND

Copper ND ND ND ND ND

Cadmium ND ND ND ND ND

Chromium ND ND ND ND ND

SAR in % 4.8 5.0 3.5 4.8 5.1

3.11.4. Observation on Soil Quality

It is observed from the analysis report that;

Particle Size: Particle sizes of the different constituents (clay, silt, sand and gravel) control the

porosity and water holding characteristic of the soil. Clay (size < 0,002mm) amount in the soil

samples is 14% to 15% and Sand (size 0.002 to 0.075mm) in the soil sample is 68% to 70%. All

the samples in the study area are free of gravel (size > 4.75mm). Analysis shows it is sandy soil

with less water holding capacity.

3.12. Traffic Study

Traffic counts are important to calculate the existing and proposed load on the existing Road due

to upcoming Project.

Details regarding the traffic survey are:


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Traffic counts were collected and recorded in 4 hours intervals.

Morning period (pick hours) survey was carried out from 8:00 to 12:00 hrs.

Evening period (pick hours) survey was carried out from 16:00 to 20:00 hrs.

Traffic counts observed during the above survey are tabulated below;

Table 3.15 Traffic survey near the plant site

Type of vehicles Route -1 Route-2

09.00-01.00

(4 hr)

16.00-20.00

(4 hr)

09.00-01.00

(4 hr)

16.00-20.00

(4 hr)

Large Trailer 2 2 8 10

Heavy (Bus, Truck,

etc)

2 4 62 52

Medium (Tractors,

light

commercial vehicles

etc)

11 9 80 83

Light (Car, Jeep,

Pickup

Van etc.)

12 8 69 58

3-Wheeler

(Rickshaw)

10 15 34 25

2-Wheeler (Scooter,

motorcycle, cycle etc)

45 39 47 49

Table 3.16 Assessment of Proposed Traffic Load

Type of vehicles Route -1 Route-2 PCU

Factor

as per

Indian

Road

Code

Average

Vehicles Per

Hour (Worst

Case)

Equivalent

PCU

(Passenger

Car Unit)

per hour

Average

Vehicles Per

Hour

Equivalent

PCU

(Passenger

Car Unit)

per hour

Large Trailer 0 0.0 12 51.8 4.5

Heavy

(Bus, Truck, etc)

2 4.5 82 246.0 3

Medium

(Tractors, light

commercial vehicles

etc)

6 9.0 131 195.8 1.5


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Type of vehicles Route -1 Route-2 PCU

Factor

as per

Indian

Road

Code

Average

Vehicles Per

Hour (Worst

Case)

Equivalent

PCU

(Passenger

Car Unit)

per hour

Average

Vehicles Per

Hour

Equivalent

PCU

(Passenger

Car Unit)

per hour

Light (Car, Jeep,

Pickup

Van etc.)

4 3.5 203 202.5 1

3-Wheeler

(Rickshaw)

7 7.0 53 52.5 1

2-Wheeler (Scooter,

motorcycle, cycle

etc)

32 16.0 151 75.5 0.5

Total PCU/hr 40 824

Width of Road (m) 4 16

Design PCU per hour 900 2900

Existing PCU per hour 40 824

Proposed Load (Trucks/day) 26 26

Proposed PCU per day 78 78

As a Worst Scenario taken

Proposed PCU per day as PCU per

hour

78 78

Total PCU per hour after the

Proposed Project

118 902

3.13. Ecological Environment

The Botanical and wildlife species in an area depend on the availability of suitable habitat for

survival. Habitat loss and increasing habitat fragmentation are the primary causes of species

decline in these environments. This section provides an overview of flora and fauna observed in

study area during site visit.

3.13.1. Flora

Taxonomical Status

Within the sample plots of the study areas, a total of 127 plant species belong to 114 genera and

51 families were recorded. In addition, dicotyledons are dominant plant group and representated

by 114 species (89.47%). In addition, maximum species (76 Nos.) were recorded from agriculture


97

& road side habitat and followed by wasteland/habitation/gauchar land habitat (70 species) and

wetland/ riverine areas (51 species).

Status of Life form

Study area reported 127 plant species and they formed 13 sub-categories of lifeforms within five

main categories. Among the life forms, herb was dominated by recording 50 species and

contributed maximum of 39.37% of the total list of plants followed by trees (33 species and

25.98%). Third dominating life form was shrub species (24) and shared 18.90%. The contribution

other life forms were less than 10% of the species list.

Common/Domestic Tree species

A total of 12 common tree species were identified with a total of 34 trees within the sample plots

of the study area. Among the species, Acacia nilotica, Azadirachta indica and Prosopis cineraria

was enumerated maximum times in and around the settlement areas.

Table 3.17 Common Tree species

Sr. No Species Name Local Name Habit Family

1 Acacia nilotica (L.) Del. subsp.

indica(Bth.) Brenan

Deshi Baval,

Bavar

Tree Mimosaceae

2 Albizia lebbeck (L.) Bth. Karo Sirish Tree Mimosaceae

3 Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Limbdo, Neem Tree Meliaceae

4 Cassia siamea Lam. Kasid Tree Caesalpiniaceae

5 Cordia gharaf (Forsk.) E.&.A. Gundi Tree Ehretiaceae

6 Delonix regia (Boj.) Raf. Gulmohor Tree Caesalpiniaceae

7 Derris indica (Lam.) Bennet Karanj Tree Fabaceae

8 Ficus benghalensis L. Vad Tree Moraceae

9 Leucaena latisiliqua (L.) Wt. &

Arn.

Liso Bavar Tree Mimosaceae

10 Mangifera indica L. Keri Tree Anacardiaceae

11 Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.)

Backer ex Heyne

Tamrafali Tree Caesalpiniaceae

12 Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn.) Thw. Asopalav Tree Annonaceae

Wild/Forest Tree Species

Within the study area only 3 wild/forest tree species have been recorded which were belonging

to 2 families and 3 genera. Since the area are dominant with agriculture habitat, and hence, very


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few trees were recorded under this category and it indicates low density of wild tree species in

and around the study area.

Table 3.18 Wild/Forest Tree species

Sr.No Species Name Local Name Habit Family

1 Acacia leucophloea Harmo Bavar Tree Mimosaceae

2 Salvadora oleoides Mitha Pilu Tree Salvadoraceae

3 Prosopis cineraria Khijado, Hangar Tree Mimosaceae

Status of Agriculture Crops

Based on the intensive field survey in and around the agricultural area and dialogue with the local

farmers a total of more than 10 species have been listed from the study area as crop species.

Fruit and vegetable crops were found cultivated along the agricultural hedges in a small extent of

area. In the study area, Dangar, Bajri (Pennisetum typhoides) and Ghahun (Triticum asetivum)

are the major crops cultivated extensively.

Table 3.19 Agriculture Crop

Sr.No Species Name Local Name Habit Family Season

1 Zizyphus sp Bor Small Tree Rhahmnaceae All

2 Gossypium

herbaceum auct.

Non L. var.

acerifolium (Guill. &

Perr.) Chevalier

Kapas Shrub Malvaceae Monsoon

3 Vegetables mixed Kakadi,

Dudhi,

Gavar, Chori

Climber

and

Herb

Cucurbitaceae

Fabaceae

All

4 Pennisetum

typhoides A. Rich.

Bajri, Bajaro Grass Poaceae Summer

Monsoon

5 -- Ghahun Grass Poaceae Winter

6 -- Tal Herb Pedaliaceae Monsoon

7 -- Makai

Fodder

Herb Poaceae Summer

Monsoon

8 -- Jovar

Fodder

Herb Poaceae Summer

Monsoon

9 -- Dangar Herb Poaceae Summer

10 -- Sherdi Herb Poaceae Monsoon


99

3.13.2. Fauna

Herpetofauna

Status of herpetofauna was assessed using Intensive Time Constrained Search Method covering

different micro habitats (Welsh, 1987, Welsh and Lind 1991). This intensive search was made in

different habitat types randomly selected.

Table 3.20 Herpetofauna

Family & Species Name Common and Local Name IUCN Status

Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis Skittering frog (Dedako) LR-nt

Hemidactylus brookii Spotted Indian House Gecko (Garodi) LR-lc

Calotes versicolor Indian Garden Lizard (Kachindo) LR-nt

Sitana ponticeriana Fan-Throated Lizard (Kachindi) LR-lc

Eryx johnii Eastern Red Sand Boa (Dhomalo) LR-lc

Ptyas mucosa Indian Rat Snake (Nag) LR-nt

Lissemys punctata Indian Mud or Flap-shell Turtle

(Kachbo)

--

Birds

Avifaunal status was assessed both in terrestrial and aquatic habitats. Total count or flock count

method was adopted to assess the status of aquatic birds in the existing water bodies (Sridharan

1989 and Bhupathy 1991). Point count method was used to assess the status of terrestrial birds

(Bibby et al., 1992 and Hutto et al., 1986). The second technique adopted was area search

method (Dieni and Jones 2002), a time area constrained survey technique that has been widely

and commonly used in several bird monitoring programs.

Table 3.21 Birds

Species name Common

English name

MS Sch. FG

Pavo cristatus Indian Peafowl R I G

Sarkidiornis

melanotos

Comb Duck R IV A

Upupa epops Common

Hoopoe

RM IV I


100

Species name Common

English name

MS Sch. FG

Coracias

benghalensis

Indian Roller R IV I

Alcedo Hercules Common

Kingfisher

R IV P

Halcyon

smyrnensis

White-throated

Kingfisher

R IV P

Ceryle rudis Lesser Pied

Kingfisher

R IV P

Merops orientalis Green Bee-

eater

R IV I

Eudynamys

scolopacea

Asian Koel R IV F

Centropus sinensis Greater Coucal R IV O

Psittacula krameri Rose-ringed

Parakeet

R IV F

Apus affinis House(Little)

Swift

R IV I

Athene brama Spotted Owlet R IV C

Columba livia Rock Pigeon R IV G

Streptopelia

tranquebarica

Red-collared

Dove

R IV G

Gallinula chloropus Common

Moorhen

R IV A

Fulica atra Common Coot R IV A

Actitis hypoleucos Common

Sandpiper

R IV A

Vanellus indicus Red-wattled

Lapwing

R IV I

Accipiter badius Shikra R I C

Circius

melanoleucos

Pied Harrier RM I C

Falco tinnunculus Common

Kestral

RM IV C

Phalacrocorax

niger

Little Cormorant R IV A

Ardea cinerea Grey Heron RM IV A

Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret R IV AI

Threskiornis

melanocephalus

Black-headed

Ibis

RM IV A

Pseudibis papillosa Black Ibis R IV I

Corvus splendens House Crow R V I


101

Species name Common

English name

MS Sch. FG

Dicrurus

macrocercus

Black Drongo R IV I

Saxicoloides

fulicata

Indian Robin R IV I

Acridotheres

ginginianus

Bank Myna R IV I

Acridotheres tristis Common Myna R IV I

Hirundo daurica Red-rump

Swallow

R IV I

Pycnonotus cafer Red-vented

Bulbul

R IV I

Turdoides malcolmi Large Grey

Babbler

R IV G

Galerida cristata Crested Lark R IV GI

Nectarinia asiatica Purple Sunbird R IV N

Passer domesticus House Sparrow R IV G

Mammals

Status and distribution of different mammal species was quantified using Direct count Vehicle

transects (travelling between the sampling location) (Burnham et al. 1980) and indirect evidences

within the survey areas (Rodgers 1988 and Sale and Berkmuller, 1988). Indirect evidences like,

Pellet, dung, tracks (Thommpson et al 1989, Allen et al 1996), scat count (Henke and knowlton

1995) and other signs were enumerated using standered method for nocturnal species (Daniels

1992). Presence of different faunal species was also substantiated by interviewing the local

people and experts with pictorial representation.

Table 3.22 Mammals

Scientific Name Common Name Food Habit

Boselaphus tragocamelus Nilgai Herbivore

Canis aureus Golden Jackal Omnivore

Herpestes edwardsii Grey Mongoose

Omnivore


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Scientific Name Common Name Food Habit

Hyaena hyaena Striped Hyena Scavenger

Hystrix indica Indian Porcupine

Herbivore

Sus scrofa Wild Boar

Herbivore

3.14. Socio-Economic Environment

3.14.1. Demographic and Socio-Economic Features

Demography is one of the important indicators of environmental health of an area. It includes

population, number of households, literacy, population density, etc. In order to assess the

‘Demographic and Socio-economic Features’ of the study area, census data of 2011, for the

concerned District Ahmedabad in Gujarat State was compiled and placed in the form of tabulation

and graphical representation.

Population

Total Population of the Study area as per Census of India, 2011 is 57008.The total number of

Household being 11040.Total Male Population of the Study area is 29415 and total Female

Population of the Study Area is 27593.Village-wise details of population are given in Table 3.23

Table 3.23 Village-wise Population Details

S.N. Name of

Village

No of

Households

Total

Population

Person

Total

Population

Male

Total

Population

Female

1 Zolapur 881 4807 2509 2298

2 Bol 454 2150 1110 1040

3 Kunvar 891 4504 2335 2169

4 Hirapur 395 2026 1030 996

5 Charal 419 1985 997 988


103

6 Daduka 440 2360 1222 1138

7 Melasana 339 1912 998 914

8 Makhiyav 757 3887 1997 1890

9 Vinchhiya 480 2427 1261 1166

10 Kodaliya 191 1009 525 484

11 Juda 424 2330 1163 1167

12 Mankol 1120 5862 3042 2820

13 Kundal 419 2016 1032 984

14 Rethal 718 3585 1867 1718

15 Govinda 188 844 442 402

16 Juwal 886 4545 2320 2225

17 Nanodara 622 3329 1691 1638

18 Kavla 403 1958 1045 913

19 Sankod 535 2724 1409 1315

20 Vasna

Dhedhal

478 2748 1420 1328

Total 11040 57008 29415 27593

Gender Ratio

The ‘Sex Ratio’ is a numeric relationship between females and males of an area and bears

paramount importance in the present-day scenario where the un-ethnic predetermination of sex

and killing of female foetus during pregnancy is practiced by unscrupulous medical practitioners

against the rule of the law of the country. It is evident that by contrast the practice of female

foeticide is not prevalent in the study area.

The Sex Ratio of the Study area is 106.6. Tehsil-wise population of the study area is represented

in below figure.


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Scheduled Caste &Scheduled Tribe Population

A considerable 12.5% of the population in the Study Area is constituted by SC/ST, out of which

SC population constitutes 12.46% and rest 0.03 % is constituted by ST Population. Comparative

graphs of SC/ST Population in Study Area are given in below figure

Literacy Rate

Literacy level is quantifiable indicator to assess the development status of an area or region.

Male Population

52%

Female Population

48%

GENDER RATIO

SC12% ST

0%

General88%

POPULATION DISTRIBUTION


105

Literacy Rate of the study area is 52.96% Distribution of male 33.58% and female literacy rate

19.38% in the study zone is and respectively. Gender-wise distribution of literacy of Study Area

is given in below figure.

3.9.3. Workers Scenario

Occupational Pattern

Occupational pattern was studied to assess the skills of people in the study area. Occupational

pattern helps in identifying major economic activities of the area. The main and marginal-workers

population with further classification as casual, agricultural, households and other workers.

Worker Scenario

Workers Participation Ratio of the worker population is 39.97%, non-workers 60.03% population.

Literate53%

Illiterate 47%

LITERACY RATE


106

Worker40%

Non-Worker60%

WORKER SCENARIO

Main Worker81%

Marginal Worker19%


107

Main Cultivator Population Person

48%Main Agricultural

Labourers Population Person

36%

Main Household Industries

Population Person1%

Main Other Workers

Population Person15%

MAIN WORKER DISTRIBUTION

Marginal Worker Population Person

50%

Marginal Cultivator Population Person

9%

Marginal Agriculture Labourers

Population Person37%

Marginal Household Industries

Population Person0%

Marginal Other Workers Population

Person4%

MARGINAL WORKER DISTIBUTION


108

CHAPTER 4. IMPACTS ASSESSMENT AND PREDICTION

4.1. General

Impacting activities are defined as elements of organization's activities that can interact with the

environment. These include activities during normal and abnormal actions of Residential,

commercial and education units. Environmental impacts are defined as any change in

environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially, resulting from impacting activities.

The environmental indices (or parts of the receiving environment on which impacts are being

predicted) are ambient air, water, noise, land, flora and fauna, infrastructure, and socio-economic

environment. Thus, we predict the environmental impacts of the impacting activities on the

environmental indices. In this chapter we covered the cumulative impact considering approved

TOR.

The possible impact on various components of environment due to the proposed project of Asiatic

Composite Limited can be assessed in terms of:

Beneficial or detrimental

Naturally reversible or irreversible

Repairable via management practices or irreparable

Short term or long term

Temporary or continuous

Occurring during construction phase or operational phase

Local, regional, national or global

Accidental or planned (recognized beforehand)

Direct (primary) or Indirect (secondary)

Cumulative or single

Significant

And on:


109

Physical

Biological Environment and

Demographic and Socio-economic Environment.

For proper assessment of significance and magnitude of environmental changes due to

construction and operational phases of the plant, the impacts are analyzed on the 10 km radius

study area around the proposed plant site for each environmental parameter. Impact assessment

study for the Asiatic Composite unit is carried out by predicting net contribution of pollutants

(qualitative as well as quantitative) on overall qualitative assessment of various environmental

indicators. Prediction of impacts is an important component in environmental impact assessment

process. Several techniques and methodologies are in vogue for predicting the impacts due to

existing and proposed industrial development on physico-ecological and socio-economic

components of environment. Such predictions delineate contribution in existing baseline data for

the operational project and superimpose over the baseline (pre-project) status of environmental

quality to derive the ultimate (post-project) scenario of the environmental conditions due to the

proposed project. The quantitative prediction of impacts leads to delineation of suitable

environmental management plan needed for implementation during the construction,

commissioning and operational phases of the proposed project in order to mitigate the adverse

impacts on environmental quality.

4.2. Construction Phase

The activities of proposed expansion program will be confined to the project site within the

boundary of Plant complex. The present project activities will not cause any significant loss of any

important flora.

Emission /Gaseous pollution

Due to different vehicular movement, construction machineries and project construction activities

(Bulk solids handling), the concentration of air pollutants can be increased. These pollutants can

affect the surrounding vegetation and nearby agricultural crops. There will be limited construction

activities at Asiatic Composite Limited.


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Dust / Fumes (from machineries) Generation

Terrestrial flora can be affected by the dusty/ fumes environment to be created due to vehicular

movement/ machineries during construction phase. Increment in the density of the dust particles

(SPM)/ fumes having Sox /NOx /HC in the atmosphere can affect the surrounding plant/

vegetation in following ways:

a) Blockage and damage to stomata

b) Reduction in chlorophyll content

c) Abrasion of leaf surface or cuticle

All these disturbances ultimately affect photosynthesis process and plant metabolism that leads

to reduction in plant growth up to some extent.

Noise Pollution

Noise level of the project area will be increased during construction phase. Although there is no

specific noise-sensitive fauna has been recorded near to project site but limited avifauna and

small animals in the industrial area can be affected by increased noise level. In such cases they

can change their habitat.

Congregation of Labour

Construction activities often require a considerable workforce and associated support services.

The livelihood activities of this increased human population may contribute to local environmental

impacts in terms of collecting firewood and food as well as enhancing recreational activities.

The impacts during construction phase normally are:

Detrimental

Naturally reversible

Short term

Temporary


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Local

Direct

Mitigation Measures:

Gaseous pollution

The pollutants (SPM, SOx, NOx, HC and others) in ambient air of the study area are low.

Development of multi-layer plantation (green belt) around the proposed project area will further

help to mitigate gaseous pollution within and around the project area.

Dust Generation

Dust generation during construction period will be managed through:

Water spraying on rough roads, on powdery construction materials etc.

Land / Soil

As this is an expansion project, there will be construction activities to be carried out. There will

also be installation of new machineries and equipment. But all this would not make a huge

damage to the present condition of land. Further the area of the plant is flat. Much leveling would

not be required. Thus, topography will also remain unchanged after execution of the proposal.

Thus, the impact on the land/soil during the construction will for short terms and insignificant.

Effluent discharge

There will be a negligible discharge of effluent from the proposed plant due to construction

activities, which will be directly sent to Soak pit through septic tank. Safe guard for rainy season

runoff will be taken to prevent any direct discharge from the plant to nearby water body. As such

the water ecology will not be affected, the domestic effluent will be discharged through septic tank

into soak pit.

Congregation of Labour

The impacts will be managed through:

No permanent camping in vegetation rich area and riverside


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A provision of fuel for labourers engaged in construction activities

Restriction on poaching/hunting and removal of any vegetation

Based on the field observations and interaction with local people and forest officials, it was noticed

that the project area is not associated with any National Park/Wildlife Sanctuary/Conservation

Reserve and there are no wildlife migratory routes present in the project area. Improvement in

the green cover under a regular plantation program (Greenbelt Development Program) will not

only increase the plant diversity in the area but also enhance the habitat for wildlife especially for

avifauna.

4.3. Operation Phase

4.3.1. Air Environment

The pre-project (baseline) ambient air quality status in the study area indicates that all the criteria

pollutants are well within the prescribed National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for

industrial, residential, rural and other areas.

The ambient air quality with respect to air pollutants will change during the operation phase of the

proposed project. However, adequate stack height will be provided for better dispersion of flue

gas as per the guidelines of GPCB/CPCB. In addition to that, adequate greenbelt will be

developed for further control of air pollution.

Compliance with the existing ambient air quality standards will be achieved by implementation of

the measures as outlined in EMP. This needs to be coupled with the continuous monitoring of air

pollutants within and around the project site as well as in adjoining areas.

To assess the impact of air emissions from various continuous point sources, air dispersion

modelling study has been conducted with the help of AERMOD Cloud 5 of Envitrans. Detailed

description has been given in the following sub-sections:

Model Details

Air dispersion modelling can be used to predict atmospheric concentrations of pollutants at

specific locations (receptors) over specific averaging times (i.e. annual, daily, and hourly). An

atmospheric dispersion model accounts for the emissions from a source; estimates how high into

the atmosphere they will go, how widely they will spread and how far they will travel based on


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temporal meteorological data; and outputs the pattern of concentrations that will occur for various

exposure periods, thereby providing the exposure risks for different receptors.

In the proposed project, prediction of impacts on air environment has been carried out employing

mathematical model based on a Steady State Gaussian Plume Dispersion Model designed for

multiple point sources for short term. In the present case, AERMOD dispersion model based on

steady state Gaussian Plume Dispersion, designed for multiple point sources for short term and

developed by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has been used for

simulations from point sources.

The predictions for air quality during operation phase were carried out for particulate matter less

than 10 microns (PM10), particulate matter less than 2.5 microns (PM2.5), oxides of Nitrogen

(NOx) and oxides of Sulphur (SOx) concentration using AERMOD.

The options used for short-term computations are:

The plume rise is estimated by Briggs formulae, but the final rise is always limited to that

of the mixing layer

Stack tip down-wash is not considered

Buoyancy induced dispersion is used to describe the increase in plume dispersion during

the ascension phase

Calms processing routine is used by default

Wind profile exponents is used by default

Flat terrain is used for computation

Pollutants do not undergo any physico-chemical transformation

No pollutant removal by dry deposition

Universal Transverse Meter (UTM) coordinates have been used for computation

A uniform polar grid was used for the computation and extended to 10 km from the center

of the proposed project. In addition to that, receptors were also placed at the sampling


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locations.

Emissions

The main sources of air pollution due to the operation of the plant are the steam boiler and hot air

generator. The stack parameters of the sources are listed in Table 4.1.

Table 4.1 Stack Parameters of Proposed Sources

S.

No. Stack

Stack

Height

(m)

Stack

Diameter

(m)

Stack Exit

Velocity

(m/s)

Emissions

1 Thermic Fluid

Heater 12.0 0.1 4.11

PM<150 mg/Nm3

SO2 < 100 ppm

NOx < 50 ppm

Meteorological Data

The meteorological data consists of wind speed, direction, temperature, humidity, solar radiation,

cloud cover and rainfall recorded during the months of December, 2017, through February, 2018,

on an hourly basis. Wind speed, wind direction and temperature have been processed to extract

the 24–hour mean meteorological data for application in AERMOD.

Receptor Locations

A total of about 728 receptors – 720 receptors of which were generated with a polar grid from the

center of the proposed project and extended to 10 km. Apart from these receptors, the sampling

locations were also taken into account to assess the incremental load on the baseline

environmental scenario.

Ground level conc. for PM10

The summary of maximum ground level concentrations (GLC) for the proposed project is listed in

Table 4.2.


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Table 4.2 Summary of Maximum 24-hour GLC due to the Proposed Project

Description Concentration ( g/m3)

PM10 PM2.5 NOx SOx

Maximum Rise in GLC 0.04 0.02 0.07 0.18

Distance of occurrence

(km) 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

Direction of Occurrence SSW SSW SSW SSW

Maximum Baseline

Concentration reported 60.40 40.90 20.30 25.60

Total Concentration 60.44 40.92 20.37 25.78

Prescribed Standards 100 60 80 80

The above table shows that in the worst-case scenario, the maximum ground level concentration

due to the proposed project will be in the predominant SSW direction. In the post-project scenario,

the 24-hour average concentration for all the criteria pollutants are well within the ambient air

quality standards for industrial, residential, rural and other areas in the worst case. The isopleths

of the pollutant concentration due to the impacts associated with the operation of the Plant are

shown in Figures 4.1 through 4.4 for PM10, PM2.5, NOx and SOx respectively.

Additionally, the cumulative impact of the proposed project at the monitoring locations within 10

km radius is provided in Table 4.3.

Table 4.3 Summary of Maximum GLC at Monitoring Locations due to the Proposed Project

Location Rise in GLC

(µg/m3)

Max.

Background

Concentration

(µg/m3)

Impact from

Project

(µg/m3)

NAAQS

(µg/m3)

Project Site

PM10 0.00E+00 60.4 60.40 100

PM2.5 0.00E+00 40.9 40.90 60

NOx 0.00E+00 20.3 20.30 80


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(µg/m3)

Max.

Background

Concentration

(µg/m3)

Impact from

Project

(µg/m3)

NAAQS

(µg/m3)

SOx 0.00E+00 25.6 25.60 80

Mankol

PM10 3.15E-03 52.2 52.20 100

PM2.5 1.26E-03 35.6 35.60 60

NOx 5.29E-03 18.6 18.61 80

SOx 1.48E-02 17.8 17.81 80

Charal

PM10 1.00E-03 51.8 51.80 100

PM2.5 4.00E-04 37.4 37.40 60

NOx 1.68E-03 16.5 16.50 80

SOx 4.70E-03 16.6 16.60 80

Kavla

PM10 9.00E-05 54.6 54.60 100

PM2.5 4.00E-05 36.2 36.20 60

NOx 1.60E-04 15.6 15.60 80

SOx 4.30E-04 19.2 19.20 80

Vinchhiya

PM10 6.90E-04 55.2 55.20 100

PM2.5 2.80E-04 35.2 35.20 60

NOx 1.16E-03 18.1 18.10 80

SOx 3.25E-03 21.5 21.50 80

Kundal

PM10 1.55E-02 57.4 57.42 100

PM2.5 6.19E-03 38.2 38.21 60

NOx 2.61E-02 16.8 16.83 80

SOx 7.28E-02 17.5 17.57 80

Rethal PM10 7.05E-03 57.2 57.21 100


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(µg/m3)

Max.

Background

Concentration

(µg/m3)

Impact from

Project

(µg/m3)

NAAQS

(µg/m3)

PM2.5 2.82E-03 39.2 39.20 60

NOx 1.19E-02 15.9 15.91 80

SOx 3.32E-02 20.1 20.13 80

Daduka

PM10 8.50E-04 55 55.00 100

PM2.5 3.40E-04 37.6 37.60 60

NOx 1.44E-03 17.7 17.70 80

SOx 4.01E-03 15.6 15.60 80

Discussion of the Cumulative Impacts at monitoring locations:

PM10: The total impacts from the project (proposed project and baseline contribution) indicate

maximum PM10 concentration of 60.40 µg/m3 at the Project Site with project impacts of 0.0 µg/m3

and baseline contribution of 60.40 µg/m3. The total impact from the project is well within the

stipulated standard of 100 µg/m3 for industrial as well as residential areas.

PM2.5: The total impacts from the project (proposed project and baseline contribution) indicate

maximum PM2.5 concentration of 40.90 µg/m3 at the Project Site with project impacts of 0.0

µg/m3 and baseline contribution of 40.90 µg/m3. The total impact from the project is well within

the stipulated standard of 60 µg/m3 for industrial as well as residential areas.

NOx: The total impacts from the project (proposed project and baseline contribution) indicate

maximum NOx concentration of 20.30 µg/m3 at the Project Site with project impacts of 0.0 µg/m3



SOx: The total impacts from the project (proposed project and baseline contribution) indicate

maximum SOx concentration of 25.60 µg/m3 at the Project Site with project impacts of 0.0 µg/m3




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As is evident from the table and discussion above, there will be no adverse impacts on the

surrounding area. Highly efficient air pollution control systems will be adopted to mitigate

particulate matter as well as gaseous emissions in the ambient environment.

Figure 4.1 Isopleth for PM10 GLC due to operation of Proposed Project


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Figure 4.2 Isopleth for PM2.5 GLC due to operation of Proposed Project


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Figure 4.3 Isopleth for NOx GLC due to operation of Proposed Project


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Figure 4.4 Isopleth for SOx GLC due to operation of Proposed Project


The ambient air quality with respect to air pollutants will change during the operation phase of the

proposed project. However, adequate stack height has been provided for better dispersion of flue

gas as per the guidelines of CPCB. In addition, all process stacks have been provided with high

efficiency scrubbing system to control the emission within norms. In addition to that, adequate

greenbelt will be developed for further control of air pollution.

Compliance with the existing ambient air quality standards will be achieved by process system

selection as outlined above, proper system operation and implementation of the measures as


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outlined in EMP. This needs to be coupled with the continuous monitoring of air pollutants within

and around the project site as well as in adjoining areas.

Environmental impacts (AAQ) resulting from proposed project can be grouped into following

Categories:

Beneficial or detrimental --detrimental

Naturally reversible or irreversible---Reversible

Repairable via management practices or irreparable—Repairable to some extent through

Green Belt development

Short term or long term---Short term

Temporary or continuous -- Continuous

Occurring during construction phase or operational phase—Operation Phase

Local, regional, national or global--Local

Accidental or planned (recognized beforehand) --Planned

Direct (primary) or Indirect (secondary)-- Direct

Cumulative or single -- Single

4.3.2. Noise Environment

The sources of noise during the operational phase of the plant are mainly from process

equipment. The other sources of noise are the movement of vehicles along the road. Moving

machineries will be selected with caution as regard to low noise generation as well as low energy

consumption.

Impacts due to Transportation

Noise level contributed from increased movement of light medium and heavy vehicles on the

roads both within and outside the plant can be considerable depending upon the traffic density.

The heavy commercial vehicles traffic is limited depending upon the material receipt and dispatch


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of products through road transport. The major quantity of products will be dispatched through

roads.

Impact of noise on community

Equivalent sound levels are often used to describe community exposures to noise. Noise survey

was also carried out at eight locations outside the plant area but within the study area. Ambient

noise level of the study area is within the prescribed National Ambient Noise Quality Standard for

respective residential, commercial and industrial category at all the monitored locations which is

well within the day and night time standard (commercial).

The operation of proposed project will have the noise level not much exceeding the present noise

level and as such will not have any adverse impact on the human settlement around it. The noise

will not be audible beyond its boundary limit, particularly due to natural green belt and other

attenuators.


Noise from the plant is to be limited through:

a. High noise machineries (DG sets etc.) should have acoustic enclosures.

b. Proper / regular maintenance of machineries.

Regular noise monitoring in work area. Any abnormal noise level to be investigated and noise

source attended.

Green belt development to arrest noise from going outside the plant.

Environmental impacts (Noise) resulting from proposed project can be grouped into following

Categories:

Beneficial or detrimental --detrimental


Repairable via management practices or irreparable—Repairable to some extent through

Green Belt development


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Short term or long term Short term

Temporary or continuous -- Continuous



Accidental or planned (recognized beforehand) -- Planned

Direct (primary) or Indirect (secondary)-- Direct

Cumulative or single—Single

4.3.3. Water Environment

Impact on water environment due to Asiatic Composite Limited proposed project scheme will be

in terms of additional water consumption {water demand} and waste water generation after

treatment will be recycled and reused.

Water Demand

The requirement during construction period will be much less as compared to that during

operation and will be met from Surface water and ground water or both.

Water during operational phase is normally required for:

Industrial: 0.7 KLD

Domestic: 2.7 KLD

Total water requirement will be around limited (3.4 KLD). The total fresh water requirement of the

proposed project will be 2.7 KLD and 0.7 KLD water will recycled and used.

The domestic wastewater generated from the toilets, washrooms and canteen of the plant shall

be sent to STP (Sewage Treatment Plant). No wastewater will be discharged outside the plant

premises during non-monsoon and under normal operating conditions, unit followed the zero

discharge concepts.



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Water consumption to be controlled though eliminating / reducing any water wastage –leakages/

spillage.

a. Process control

Regular monitoring of effluent sources to ETP will show process conditions and deviation from

optimum water consumption.

ETP – performance for maximum recycle of treated water.

Environmental impacts (Water) resulting from proposed project can be grouped into following

Categories:

Beneficial or detrimental--detrimental


Repairable via management practices or irreparable—Repairable to some extent

Short term or long term Short term

Temporary or continuous --continuous



Accidental or planned (recognized beforehand) -- Planned

Direct (primary) or Indirect (secondary)—Direct

Cumulative or single—cumulative

4.3.4. Land/Soil Environment

Essentially, the two major impacts normally faced in impact on land environment due to any

development project are:

Diversion of land from designated use to the Project Use.

Deterioration of land / soil in terms of soil fertility and toxicity.


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Land Diversion

Existing plant land is already for industrial use.

Land Deterioration

The hazardous waste is generated at various stages of the manufacturing activity. The mode of

disposal is mentioned for each category of waste as per hazardous wastes (management,

handling and trans -boundary movement) rules, 2016.

Hazardous wastes will be stored at earmarked area with impervious flooring, shed and spillage/

leakage collection system to eliminate rainwater contamination, chances of overflow / spillages

going on to the land and thus land/ soil contamination.

Solid waste:

Solid/Hazardous Waste

Hazardous/solid waste generation will be the main source of impact on the soil environment.

Entire quantity of hazardous waste will be handled and disposed as per Hazardous Waste

(Management, Handling and Trans boundary movement) Rules 2016, Most of the hazardous

waste will be collected, stored and sent /will be disposed off as per the hazardous waste

management rules.

4.3.5. Biological Environment

Though the concentrations of the emitted pollutants will be kept within permissible levels through

the various engineering controls, it is essential to have eco-management in the Likely Impact

Zone for safeguard and enhanced of ecological environment of the project area. The likely

impacts and mitigation measures associated with different phases due to various project activities

area describes in following Table.

Project

Aspect

Description

Likely Impacts on

Ecology and

Biodiversity (EB)

Impact

Consequence –

Probability

Description/

Justification

Mitigation

measures

Type

Pre-Construction Stage Impacts


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Removal of

site

vegetation

like herbs,

shrubs and

grasses

site specific loss

of common floral

diversity

Site specific loss

of associated

faunal diversity

Site specific loss

of habitat /

habitat diversity

No major

vegetation is

present on site.

Site possesses

common floral

species; This will

be site specific

impact.

Subject to

periodic

monitoring

/surveillance.

However,

greenbelt

/plantation

will be developed

in project site and

in periphery of the

project boundary,

which will improve

floral diversity of

the area.

Short term

Construction Stage Impacts

Dust and

Noise

Generation

due to

movement of

JCBs, other

machinery,

and other

construction

activities

Site specific

disturbance to

faunal species

Dust settlement on

vegetation

No endangered

fauna reported from

the site as well as in

study area.

The species

reported from

project site and

buffer zone are

common / generalist

species and not

very sensitive to the

routine activities, so

there will be no

threat of facing

disturbance.

However, its site

specific and

temporary impact.

Subject to

periodic

monitoring and

surveillance.

Water sprinkling

for Dust

suppression.

Construction

activities shall be

restricted in night

time.

Short term

Operation Stage Impact


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Emission of

PM, NOx,

SOx, due to

operation

(Indirect

impact on

crops, trees

and shrubs of

vicinity due to

contamination

of ambient air,

dust

emission,

vehicular

exhaust)

Noise

Generation

(Disturbance

to sensitive

terrestrial

fauna due to

noise

pollution)

Impact on

surrounding

vegetation and

associated

biodiversity.

Though the

emission levels of

all pollutants will be

kept within

permissible limits.

APCD shall be used

to control dust

emissions from

various sections of

plant.

The incremental air

pollution will not

violate the air quality

standards.

Proposed plant is

zero liquid

discharge basis so

no waste water will

be discharged.

Greenery

development will be

done in and around

the plant site.

Such measures will

be adequate to

protect the noise

and air pollution

impacts.

Operation subject

to management

by operational

controls.

Emission levels of

all pollutants will

be kept within

permissible levels

through various

engineering

control measures.

However, green

belt development

with suitable

species will help

to mitigate likely

cumulative

impacts.

Long term

(insignificant)

Construction Stage Impacts

Excavation and filling up operation may result in fugitive dust emission. The dust deposition on

pubescent leaves of the surrounding vegetation may leads to temporary reduction of

photosynthesis. Such impacts would however be confined mostly to the initial period of the

construction phase and would minimized through paving of roads, surface treatment, regular


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water sprinkling in dust generating areas and greenbelt development. The impact on the ecology

of the surrounding area during the construction stage will be insignificant in nature. Greenbelt

development along the plant boundary, development of gardens and lawns will mitigate the

residual impact on natural resources.

Operation stage Impacts

No national park, wildlife sanctuary, biosphere reserve exists within 10 km area of the project. No

endangered or rare or threatened plant or animal species was observed within 10 km area of the

project site. The impact on the surrounding ecology during the operation of the project will mainly

occur from the deposition of air pollutants. Air pollution affects the biotic and abiotic components

of the ecosystem individually and synergistically with other pollutants. Chronic and acute effects

on plants and animals may be induced when the concentration of air pollutants exceeds threshold

limits. Particulate emission and other gaseous emissions from the proposed plant are the major

pollutant that may affect the ecology of the area. The incremental emission of air pollutants is not

likely to induce any significant changes in the ecology because the national ambient air quality

standards will remain within the limits.

4.3.6. Socio – Economic Environment

Asiatic Composite proposed project will generate employment opportunities some through direct

employment and more so indirectly through services for the plant.

Proposed project will have some impacts also on socio – economic environment of the

study area- some are as given below:

Proposed project will result in handling of product and raw material, which will increase

manpower requirement at various stages directly, or indirectly resulting in more income of

people.

Proposed project would increase requirement from ancillary and auxiliary industries in the

vicinity.

With more load on infrastructure facilities – roads and rails; these facilities would need

improvement.

More income to Government through more taxes on higher amount of production.


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131

CHAPTER 5. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN MONITORING PROGRAM

5.1. Introduction

Any industrial development is associated with certain positive impacts as well as some negative

impacts on the environment. However, the negative or adverse impacts cannot possibly rule out

scientific development. At the same time, adverse impacts cannot be neglected. An

Environmental Management Plan has been formulated for mitigation of the adverse impacts and

is based on the present environmental conditions and the environmental impact appraisal. This

plan helps in formulating, implementing and in monitoring the environmental parameters during

and after commissioning of the project. The Environmental Management Plan describes, in brief,

the management's plan for proper and adequate implementation of treatment and control system

for air and liquid pollutants and for maintaining the environment. It also includes development of

green belts around the Plant, proper safety of the workers, noise control, fire protection systems

and measures. This chapter provides mitigation and control measures to attenuate or eliminate

environmental impacts, which are likely to be caused by the proposed project. An Environmental

Management Plan (EMP) has been developed to mitigate the potential adverse impacts and to

strengthen the beneficial environmental impacts as well as to create positive environmental

footprints during the construction and operation phases. In addition to that during the operation

phase, the company will have an additional responsibility to comply with the statutory

requirements as per the guidelines of Central/ State Government.

5.2. Environment Management Plan

The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) consists of a set of mitigation, monitoring and

institutional measures to be taken during the design, construction and operation (post

construction) stages of the project. The plan also includes the actions needed for implementation

of these measures.

Overall objective of EMP:

Prevention: Measures aimed at impeding the occurrence of negative environmental impacts

and/or preventing such an occurrence having harmful environmental impacts.

Preservation: Preventing any future actions that might adversely affect an environmental

resource or attribute.


132

Minimization: Limiting or reducing the degree, extent, magnitude, or duration of adverse impacts.

The major components of the Environmental Management Plan are:

Mitigation of potentially adverse impacts

Monitoring during project implementation and operation

Implementation schedule and environmental cost estimates

Integration of EMP with project planning, design, construction and operation.

The EMP has been designed keeping in view the regulatory and other requirements to ensure

the following:

Minimum disturbance to the native flora and fauna.

Compliance with the air, water, soil and noise quality norms.

Conservation of water to the extent possible.

Encourage the socio-economic development.

5.3. Objectives of EMP

The main objectives in formulating this environmental management plan are:

To treat all the pollutants viz., liquid and gaseous which contribute to the degradation of

the environment, with appropriate technology.

To comply with all regulations stipulated by the Central / State Pollution Control Boards

related to air emissions and liquid effluents discharges as per air and water pollution

control laws

To handle hazardous wastes as per the Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling

Rules, 1989 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986

To encourage support and conduct developmental work for the purpose of achieving

environmental standards and to improve the methods of environmental management.

To promote further afforestation in the surrounding areas of the Plant


133

To create good working conditions (devoid of air and noise pollution) for employees

To reduce fire and accident hazards

Perspective budgeting and allocation of funds for environment management expenditure

Dissemination of technological solutions on Commercial basis to interested parties and

Continuous Development and search for innovative technologies for a cleaner and better

environment.

5.4. Brief Environmental Management Plan

5.4.1 Construction Phase:

Adequate and effective environment protection measures will be planned and designed to

minimize the impacts due to activities related to preconstruction (preparatory phase) of the

project, machinery installation and commissioning stages and end with the induction of manpower

and start up. The impacts during the construction phase on the environment will basically be very

insignificant as the project construction area is very small. Only foundation for RCC structure will

be made. Ready mix Concrete will be used and therefore no possibility of fugitive emission due

to material handling. In view of the above, the following measures are recommended to reduce

the impact during this period:

Due provision of necessary infrastructural services like water and power supply etc., for

the construction area.

All possible care will be taken to reduce the noise level due to construction activity. As

planned, no such noise generating machineries will be used. Also, noise prone activities

shall be restricted to the extent possible during night particularly during the period 10 PM

to 6 AM in order to have minimum environmental impact.

Water Environment

Water requirement for the proposed project shall be met from Bore well (ground water). Further,

there will be no housing facilities at site for construction workers and hence a major source of

impact on water environment will be avoided. Proper and sufficient sanitary facilities will be

provided to construction workers to maintain all hygienic conditions at site. Care shall be taken

during undesirable consequences like health and hygiene problems etc.


134

Air Environment

Construction phase will be for a short period and hence the impacts will also be for a short and

temporary period. During construction activities, mainly emission of dust and gases from

movement of vehicles and construction activity is expected. However, following measures will be

taken to reduce/contain such emissions:

Possibility of raising green belt along with construction activity will also be explored.

All construction workers will be provided appropriate Personal Protective Equipment

(PPEs) like dust mask, ear plug, helmet, safety belt etc. and made to wear them during

working hours.

Solid Waste

Main solid waste generation during construction phase will be construction debris like rubble, brick

bats, debris, steel scrap, plastic pipes, wooden scrap, sand, gravel etc. However, these materials

are inert in nature and will not result into leaching of any substance or constituent. On completion

of civil work, all debris etc. will be completely removed from site to avoid any incompatibility with

future use.

Noise Environment

Following measures are proposed during construction period to mitigate adverse impacts:

Construction machinery and vehicles will undergo periodic maintenance to keep them in

good working condition.

Feasibility of putting up acoustic enclosure / temporary barrier around areas with high

noise levels will also be explored.

All construction workers working in high noise areas will be provided appropriate PPEs

like ear muffs and made to wear them during working hours.

Possibility of raising green belt along with construction activity will also be explored so as

to serve as a noise barrier.

Land Environment


135

Following steps are proposed to take care of impact of construction activity on project land area:

Other materials like diesel etc. will be properly stored and handled to prevent any spillage

on land.

All the wastes will be stored at a designated site within the premises to prevent scattered

discharge on land.

On completion of civil works, all debris etc. will be completely removed from site to avoid

any incompatibility with future use.

Ecological Environment

Proposed project will be within premises in open area, hence no major impact on ecology is

anticipated. However, possibility of rising of green-belt along with construction activity will be

explored so that greening of area can be started at the beginning of project.

Socio-Economic Environment

As there will be no temporary housing colony for construction workers, no socio-economic impact

is envisaged due to the same. Local people from nearby villages of the surroundings of the site

will be employed for construction work to the maximum extent possible.

5.4.2. During Operation Phase

Water Environment

Total water requirement for the proposed project would be 3.4 KLD which will be sourced from

treated water while for domestic purpose 2.7 KLD water will be sourced from ground water using

bore well.

Air Environment

Control measures:

Main sources of the air emission from the existing as well as proposed expansion activities are

emission from flue gas stacks. There is no increase in the source of emission of flue gas only

working hours will be increased resulted to increase overall emission load. At present, flue gas

emission is from common stack attached to Thermic fluid heater, where LDO are used as fuel.


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No new TFH will be installed; only working hours of the utilities will be increased as a result of

which there will be increase in fuel consumption. Multi-cyclone & bag filter will be provided as Air

Pollution Control Measure to the stack attached with TFH.

At present, process gas emission is from the vent attached to reaction vessel. Alkali scrubber is

installed as APCM to absorb the process gases generating from the process reactors and

controlling the emission levels as per GPCB norms.

Adequate stack height to the flue gas stack has been provided for proper dispersion of gaseous

emission. In order to minimize the air pollution, the unit will develop greenbelt on and around its

premises considering the following guidelines,

i) Green cover should be created at all the available open spaces.

ii) Strict surveillance is made to increase the survival rate of the trees.

iii) Plants with higher height, medium and low height should be planted to ensure thick belt for

attenuation of fugitive emission. This activity demands expert advice and guidance.

Control and Monitoring of Fugitive Emissions

Fugitive emissions from the proposed project would be significant as there will be air pollution due

to activities like leakage in pumps, storage container, material transferring and packing. These

operations generate dust. Specific instances of fugitive dust generation may include dust blown

by wind, dust caused by vehicular traffic etc., Good housekeeping, proper maintenance, wetting

of dusty areas, use of enclosures wherever feasible etc., would considerably reduce fugitive dust.

For effective prevention and control of fugitive emissions, following measures shall be taken:

Proper storage of raw material, products and fuels.

Ensuring closed feeding and sampling.

Establishing SOPs for startup, shut down and maintenance operational procedure.

Regular work place and ambient air quality monitoring will be done.

Green belt will be developed around the facility to arrest the fugitive emissions.

Regular training shall be given to the personnel to minimize fugitive dust emissions.


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Noise Environment

During the operational phase, noise generation will be from D. G. sets, machinery, equipment,

pumps, motors, from unloading of materials etc, However, with the implementation of the EMP

for Noise, Noise Levels can be maintained within the SPCB standards.

Following precautionary measures will be adopted to control the noise level.

Noise generating sources and their platforms will be maintained properly to minimize noise

vibrations generated by them.

Personnel working near the noisy machines, will be provided with well-designed ear

muffs/plugs (effective noise reduction 10-15 dBA), use of which will be strictly enforced.

Sophisticated and low noise generating equipment will be selected.

Green belt will be developed to act as a noise barrier.

It would be ensured that there would not be any operator near the noise generating

equipment on continuous basis.

Noise barriers/shields in the form of walls, beams will be provided around the units

wherever found feasible.

Training to personnel will be imparted to generate awareness about effects of noise and

importance of using PPEs.

Land Environment

Accidental spillage of hazardous waste stored at the facility can contaminate the soil. To mitigate

that risk, it will be ensuring that hazardous materials will be stored in proper and designated areas

to minimize the possibility of spillage. Further, ETP sludge shall be generated from the effluent

treatment plant and the same shall be disposed through TSDF site. A very small quantity of used

oil will be generated which will be sold to authorized re-processors.

Ecological Environment

Ecological base line surveys in the core and buffer zones, reveals no exceptional features of

wildlife interest. The survey based on following criteria.


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Table 5.1 Ecological Criteria & Observations

Land use No tree cutting is required. No major vegetation is present within the core

zone hence no wildlife Zone exists within the core zone.

No sensitive ecosystem is present within 10 km area of the project site.

However, one small Forest patches is present but located more than 5 km

away from the project site.

Diversity Species diversity of flora as well as fauna species is restricted to agro

ecosystem.

Rarity There is no endemic, rare or threatened species in site as well as in study

area. There is no endangered or schedule-I faunal species in the study

area

Proximity There are no Biosphere Reserve, National Park, Wildlife Sanctuary,

present within 10 km area of the site

Potential value After developing a wide and dense greenbelt in plant area will increase

habitat condition especially for avifauna.

Green Belt development plan

In order to mitigate and minimize the environmental impacts, arising due to project especially from

air pollution, noise pollution, soil erosion etc. the Greenbelt development in the area delineated

can provide the best mitigation option. The green canopy not only absorbs some of these

pollutants as carbon sink but also improves the aesthetic environment, besides attenuating the

noise levels.

Proposed Plant will develop 5-10 m wide greenbelt (as space available) all around the plant

premises. As per CPCB/MoEF& CC guidelines 33% of the total land area (412 m2) shall be kept

as greenbelt.

Development of Greenbelt

The strategy worked out for development of green belt consists of following:

The species selected should be capable of growing fast,


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The species should be wind firm and long lived.

Broad leaf trees growing above 10 m in height should be planted along the roads, offices

and infrastructure facilities.

The species should form a dense crown cover.

The species should form a litter in abundance on the plantation floor.

Generally local/indigenous fast-growing trees/ shrubs should be planted.

For protection against biotic interference thorn fencing around the plantation, circular

trench around the planting pit and sown with fast growing thorny shrubs on the ridge

should be followed.

Guidelines and Techniques for Green Belt Development

Based on environmental conditions suitable indigenous plants species shall be planted under

green belt development plan. The requirement of plants sapling for development of green belt

shall be made from the nearby forest nursery. The soil characteristics shall also be kept in mind.

As advance work the area to be planted shall be demarcated and pit locations marked. Pits shall

be dug out and semi-filled with good and loose weathered soil before planting with the

commencement of good monsoon rains sometime in month of July. The digging operation of the

pit should be completed before the end of June so as to allow thoroughly weathering of the dugout

soil. Prior to the commencement of the rains, pits shall be refilled with the dugout soil and FYM

added. Planting shall be done when heavy showers causing run-off occurs sometime between

July and August. The saplings should be 9 to 12 months old. Immediately after planting the pits

shall be watered with 20 liters / pit and in case of failure of rainfall it should be watered @ 20 liters

/ pit at fortnight interval. The mortality of plants has been considered @ 20% and re-digging of pit

should be carried out before replacement of the individual plant.

Precautions During Plantation

Some important precautions should be taken during the plantation, which are as under:

Indigenous species recommended should be planted in sufficient numbers to increase

their population size in the area.


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Multipurpose species should be planted in large numbers.

Selection of species for plantation:

The species selected under this plantation will be moderately high, good foliage bearing and are

able to trap dust and noise. The following species along with hedge plant have been proposed for

plantation under green belt.

Table 5.2 Species suggested for plantation under Greenbelt Development Programmed

Common Name of Trees/Plants Scientific Name

Neem / Limbado Azadirachta indica

Gulmohar Delonix regia

Asopalav Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn.) Thw.

Kesudo, Khakharo Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub.

Pili karan Thevetia peruviana

Lal Karen Nerium indicum

Tulsi Ocimum sanctum

Lawn --

5.5. Budget for Environment Protection

A capital investment towards the environmental protection, control & mitigation measures is about

Rs. 15 Lacs and recurring cost towards the environmental protection measures is 3 lacs per

annum.

The unit keeps provision for adequate funds aside to meet with regular expenses for the

environmental control measures as well as for recurring cost for environmental management for

the proposed project. Unit will regularly and efficiently operate environmental management

systems and keep provision for fund for meeting expenses for the same. Estimated recurring cost

for environmental management is given in Table 5.3.

Table 5.3 Recurring Cost for Environmental Management

Proposed Five Years Program for Greenbelt Development

Plantation

details

1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year 5th Year Total

Yearly % 25% 23% 18% 18% 16% 100%


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Particulars Recurring Cost (Rs. In Lac/ Annum)

Air Pollution Control 0.195

Water Pollution Control 0.99

Noise pollution 0.03

Hazardous / solid waste management 1.2

Green Belt Development 0.12

Occupational Health & Safety 0.3

Statutory Compliance and miscellaneous 0.12

Total 3.0

5.6. Conclusion

Environmental Management plan will be dynamic, flexible and subject to periodic review. For

project where the major environmental impacts are associated, EMP will require regular review.

Senior management responsible for a project should conduct a review of EMP and its

implementation to ensure that the EMP remains effective and appropriate.

5.7. Environment Monitoring Program

Environmental monitoring describes the processes and activities that need to take place to

characterize and monitor the quality of the environment. Environmental monitoring is used in the

preparation of environmental impact assessments, as well as in many circumstances in which

human activities carry a risk of harmful effects on environment. All monitoring strategies and

programs have reasons and justifications which are often designed to establish the current status

of an environment or to establish trends in environmental parameters. In all cases the results of

monitoring will be reviewed and analyzed statistically.

Environmental monitoring program is designed to understand how the environment changes over

time. Therefore, regular monitoring program of the environmental parameters is essential to take

into account the changes in the environment. The objectives of environmental monitoring program

are;

1. To verify the results of the impact assessment study in particular with regard to new

development;

2. To follow the trend of parameters which have been identified as critical;

3. To check or assess the efficiency of the pollution control measures;


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4. To ensure that new parameters, other than those identified in the impact assessment study, do

not become critical through the commissioning of new installations;

5. To check assumption made with regard to the development and to detect deviations in order

to initiate necessary measures; and

6. To establish a database for future Impact Assessment Studies for new projects.

Environmental Monitoring Program

The attributes, which merit regular monitoring, are air quality both at source and ambient

atmosphere, water and wastewater quality, noise levels, ecological preservation, greenbelt

development, socio-economic aspects, etc. Regular monitoring is carried out for the existing plant

and will be continued with additional frequency and parameters as per the need after the proposed

expansion project. Environmental monitoring program after the proposed expansion project is

given in following Table 5.4.

Table 5.4 Environmental Monitoring Program

Sr. No. Particulars Monitoring Frequency Parameters

A Air Pollution

i. Stacks Monitoring (All Stacks) Quarterly SO2, NOx, PM

ii. Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

(2 Locations within premises)

Twice in a year PM10, PM2.5, SO2,

NOx, Volatile Organic

Compound

iii. Work area monitoring (2

Locations in process plant)

Quarterly Volatile Organic

Compounds

B Water and Wastewater Quality

i. Borewell water (Intake source) Twice in a year As per IS: 10500

ii. Industrial effluent (Untreated &

Treated)

Daily pH, COD, BOD, SS,

TDS

Monthly General parameters

iii. Domestic effluents (Untreated

& Treated)

Daily pH

Monthly pH, BOD, SS, TDS

C Ambient Noise Levels


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Sr. No. Particulars Monitoring Frequency Parameters

i. All Prominent places within

premises

Twice in a year --

D Soil (1 within the premises and

1 from vicinity)

Once in a year General parameters

E ETP sludge Twice in a year General parameters

F Safety Audit Once in two years All safety aspects

G Occupation health (medical

checkups)

Pre, post and regular All relevant test

according to working

profile

H Greenbelt development Periodic Survival rate and

growth


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CHAPTER 6: HAZARD EVALUATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT

6.1. Introduction

Industrial plants deal with materials, which are generally hazardous in nature by virtue of their

intrinsic chemical properties or their operating temperatures or pressures or a combination of

these. Fire, explosion, toxic release or combinations of these are the hazards associated with

industrial plants using hazardous chemicals. More comprehensive, systematic and sophisticated

methods of Safety Engineering, such as, Hazard Analysis and Quantitative Risk Assessment

have now been developed to improve upon the integrity, reliability and safety of industrial plants.

The primary emphasis in safety engineering is to reduce risk to human life, property and

environment. Some of the more important methods used to achieve this are:

Quantitative Risk Analysis: Provides a relative measure of the likelihood and severity of various

possible hazardous events by critically examining the plant process and design.

Work Safety Analysis: The technique discerns whether the plant layout and operating

procedures in practice have any inherent infirmities.

Safety Audit: Takes a careful look at plant operating conditions, work practices and work

environments to detect unsafe conditions.

Together, these three broad tools attempt to minimize the chances of accidents occurring. Yet,

there always exists, no matter how remote, probability of occurrence of a major accident. If the

accident involves highly hazardous chemicals in sufficiently large quantities, the consequences

may be serious to the plant, to surrounding areas and the populations residing therein.

6.2. Risk Assessment

A three ‘levels’ risk assessment approach has been adopted for the Asiatic Composite Limited

(Hence forth Asiatic) proposed expansion project to be set up at survey no.1963/185/24-B-Paiki,

village: Mankol, Taluka: Sanand: Ahmedabad, Gujarat-382110.

The risk assessment levels are generally consistent with the practices encountered through

various assignments for medium and large chemical complexes. The brief outline of the three-tier

approach is given below:

Level 1 – Risk Screening


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This is top-down review of worst- case potential hazards/risks, aimed primarily at identifying plant

sites or areas within plant, which pose the highest risk. Various screening factors considered

include:

Inventory of hazardous materials;

Hazardous Materials properties;

Storage conditions (e.g. temperature and pressure);

Location sensitivity (distance to residential areas / populace).

The data / information is obtained from plant. The results provide a relative indication of the extent

of hazards and potential for risk exposure.

Level 2 – Major Risk Survey (Semi - Quantitative)

The survey approach combines the site inspection with established risk assessment techniques

applied both qualitative as well quantitative mode. The primary objective is to identify and select

major risks at a specific location in the plant considering possible soft spots / weak links during

operation / maintenance. Aspects covered in the risk usually include:

Process Hazards;

Process Safety Management Systems;

Fire Protection and Emergency response equipment and programs.

Security Vulnerability;

Impact of hazards consequences (equipment damage, business interruption, injury,

fatalities);

Qualitative risk identification of scenarios involving hazardous materials;

Risk reduction measures.

Selection of critical scenarios and their potential of damage provide means of prioritising mitigative

measures and allocate the resources to the areas with highest risks.


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Level 3 – Quantitative Risk Assessment (Deterministic)

This is the stage of assessment of risks associated with all credible hazards (scenarios) with

potential to cause an undesirable outcome such as human injury, fatality or destruction of

property. The four basic elements include:

Hazards identification utilizing formal approach (Level 2, HAZOP etc.);

Frequency Analysis. Based on past safety data (incidents / accidents); Identifying likely

pathway of failures and quantifying the toxic / inflammable material release;

Hazards analysis to quantify the consequences of various hazards scenarios (fire,

explosion, BLEVE, toxic vapour release etc.). Establish minimum value for damage (e.g.

IDLH, over pressure, radiation flux) to assess the impact on environment.

Risk Quantification: Quantitative techniques are used considering effect / impact due to weather

data, population data, and frequency of occurrences and likely hood of ignition / toxic release.

Data are analyzed considering likely damage (in terms of injury / fatality, property damage) each

scenario is likely to cause.

QRA provides a means to determine the relative significance of a number of undesired events,

allowing analyst and the team to focus their risk reduction efforts where they will be beneficial

most.

M/s Asiatic Chemicals has been incorporated with main object to manufacture Synthetic Organic

Chemicals which have a good export potential. Asiatic has proposed expansion project to

increase the plant capacity by 700 MT/month of Synthetic Organic chemicals (Saturated /

unsaturated Polyester Resins) at the site. Table 6.1 gives the list of products (and their monthly

production capacity) to be manufactured in the proposed Asiatic project. Table 6.2 gives the list

of bulk storages of materials.

Table 6.1 Asiatic Products Details

Sr.

No.

Name of the Products CAS No. Quantity MT/Month


1 FRP Tank, 600 - 600


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Pultrsion Profile,

FR Sheet

-

2

Unsaturated Polyester

Resins

9003-01-4

-

700

700 3 Saturated Polyester

Resins

61926-16-7

Table 6.2 Raw Material Bulk Storages

S. No

Raw Material Storage (KL/MT)

Storage System

1 Maleic Anhydride 5

Plastic or Steel Drums/ Bags ~ 200/50 litters

2 Phthalic Anhydride 5

3 Glycol(Propylene Glycol/ Neo Pentyl Glycol)

5

4 Iso Phthalic Acid/Poly (terephthelic)acid 8

5 Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide 3

6 Di Ethylene glycol/Polyethylene glycol 5

7 Styrene 5

6.2.1. Risk Screening Approach

Proposed Plant: Risk screening of Asiatic plant was undertaken through data / information

provided by Asiatic. Data of major / bulk storages of raw materials, intermediates and other

chemicals were collected. MSDS of hazardous chemicals were studied vis a vis their inventories

and mode of storage. Asiatic plant will be using number of hazardous chemicals. The chemicals

stored in bulk (Solid/ liquid or gaseous) and defined under MSHIC Rule will be considered for

detailed analysis.

Hazardous materials have been defined under MSIHC Rules (1989) - 2 (e) which means.

(i) Any chemical which satisfies any of the criteria laid down in Part I of Schedule I and is listed in

Column 2 of Part II of this Schedule;


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Toxic Chemicals: Chemicals having the following values of acute toxicity and which owing to

their physical and chemical properties, are capable of producing major accident hazards:

S.

No

Toxicity Oral

Toxicity

LD50

(mg/kg)

Dermal

Toxicity

LD50

(mg/kg)

Inhalation

Toxicity

LC50 (mg/l)

Remarks

1 Extremely Toxic >5 < 40 < 0.5 --

2 Highly Toxic >5 – 50 > 20 – 200 < 0.5 – 2.0 --

3 Toxic >50 - 200 > 200 -

1000

> 2 - 10 --

Flammable chemicals:

Flammable gases; 20 0C and at standard pressure of 101.3 KPa are:

Ignitable when in a mixture of 13% or less by volume with air, or;

Have a flammable range with air of at least 12% points regardless of the lower flammable

limits.

Extremely flammable liquids: chemicals which have a flash point lower than or equal to 230C

and the boiling point less than 350C;

Very Highly flammable liquids: chemicals which have a flash point lower than or equal to 23

0C and the boiling point higher than 35 0C;

Highly Flammable Liquid: Chemicals which have a flash point lower than or equal to 60 0C but

higher than 23 0C.

Flammable liquids: chemicals which have a flash point higher than 60 0C but lower than 90 0C.

Explosives: Explosive means a solid or liquid or pyrotechnics substance (or a mixture of

substances) or an article.

Which is in itself capable by chemical reaction of producing gas at such a temperature


149

and pressure and at such a speed as to cause damage to surroundings;

Which is designed to produce an effect by heat, light, sound, gas or smoke or a

combination of these as the result of non-detonative self-sustaining exothermic chemical

reaction.

(ii) any chemical listed in Column 2 of Schedule 2;

(iii) any chemical listed in Column 2 of Schedule 3;

Asiatic will be manufacturing two new products. None of the products are listed under “List of

hazardous and Toxic Chemicals” category under MSIHC Rules, 1989. The raw materials (stored

in bulk) coming under hazardous category as specified by MSIHC Rules is given in Table 6.3

below:

Table 6.3 Hazards Analysis –Raw materials

S. No

Raw material S. No & Threshold Quantity (TQ in MT) as per MSHIC Rules

Chemicals Hazards Potential Remarks

Schedule-1, Part-II

Schedule-2, Part-I

Schedule-3, Part-I

Hazards Toxic DT->---mg/Kg;

OT---- g/Kg;

IT----mg/l;

(Rats)

1. Maleic Anhydride C4H2O3 CAS No:108-31-6 Crystalline solid MP: 52.8 0C

352 --- --- Very hazardous in case of ingestion. Hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant, permeator), of eye contact (irritant), of inhalation. Corrosive to eyes and skin. Inhalation of dust will produce irritation to gastro-intestinal or respiratory tract,

DT->---2620 mg/Kg; (Rabbit)

OT----481mg/Kg (Rat);

IT----mg/l;

(Rats)

2. Phthalic Anhydride C8H4O3 CAS No: 85-44-9

508 --- --- Very hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of eye contact (irritant), of ingestion, of inhalation;

DT->---10000 mg/Kg (rabbit);

OT—1530

May be combustible at high temperature


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Crystalline solid with characteristic acrid odour BP:295 0C; MP:131 0C

Repeated inhalation of dust can produce varying degree of respiratory irritation or lung damage.

mg/Kg (Rat);

IT-(Dust)210 mg/m 1 hours [Rat].

3. Glycol (Mono Ethylene glycol/ Neo pentyl Glycol) [2] CAS No: 126-30-7 Colourless Flammable liquid with slight odour

267 --- --- BP:207 0C; FP: 103 0C; Explosive Limit: UEL 11.4 Vol-% LEL 1.1 Vol-% Reacts with inorganic acids and carboxylic acids to form esters. Converts to aldehydes or acids by oxidizing agents Product does not present an acute toxicity hazard based on known or supplied information.

DT->--4000 mg/Kg (Pig);

OT---8400 mg/Kg (Rat);

IT----140mg/M3;

(Rats;8 hrs)

No data available

4. Iso Phthalic Acid/Poly (tere phthelic) acid CAS No:121-91-5 Crystalline white odourless nonflammable powder MP:338-342 0C;

--- --- --- The product is not classified as hazardous to health or the environment, but the product may cause dust explosions and preventive measures must be taken

DT->--2000 mg/Kg;

OT—5000 mg/Kg;

IT---11370 mg/m3;

(Rats)

5. Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide CAS No 13338-23-4 Colourless to light yellow Flammable liquid; BP:68 0C; FP:80 0C

385 --- 5 May be harmful or fatal if swallowed. May cause allergic skin reaction. May be irritating or corrosive to the skin and/or eyes.

DT->--;

OT----1017 mg/Kg (Rat);

IT—17 mg/l;(mouse;4 hrs)

Limited data available Highly reactive material: Store below 38 0C temperature Stability - Conditions to avoid Contamination with ANY foreign substance,


151

Exposure to heat Protect from direct sunlight. Incompatible materials Strong acids. Reducing agents

6. Di Ethylene glycol/Polyethylene glycol C4-H10-O3 CAS No:111-46-6 Colorless odorless Syrpy liquid BP:244 0C; FP:154 0C; MP: --6.5—10.5 0C;

197 --- --- Product irritates eyes and skin. High vapour concentrations irritate respiratory system and eyes and may lead to fast coma and death

DT->--;

OT----15600 mg/Kg (Rat);

IT—mg/Kg (mouse;4 hrs)

7. Styrene C8H8 CAS No: 100-42-5 Clear Viscous colorless, Flammable liquid with sweetish aromatic liquid BP:145.2 0C; MP:--30.6 0C; FP:490 0C

583 --- --- Very hazardous in case of eye contact (irritant). Hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant, permeator), of ingestion, of inhalation. Inflammation of the eye is characterized by redness, watering, and itching.

DT->--;

OT----316 mg/Kg (Mouse);

IT—12000 ppm (Rat;4 hrs)

Note:

TQ-I: Threshold quantity (for application of rules 4,5,7 to 9 and 13 to 15)

TQ-II: Threshold quantity (for application of rules 10 to 12)

Note:

Oral Toxicity (OT) in LD50 (mg/kg)

Dermal Toxicity (DT) in LD50 (mg/kg)


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Inhalation Toxicity in LC50 (mg/l) [4 hrs.]

Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs)

AEGL-3 is "the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general

population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health

effects or death."


population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-

lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape."


population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or

certain asymptomatic no sensory effects.

Emergency Response Planning Guidelines (ERPGs)

The 3 ERPG Emergency Response Planning Guidelines are levels of concern representing the

adverse health effects of a hazardous substance on members of the general public. ERPGs are

developed by the ERPG committee of the American Industrial Hygiene Association

(www.aiha.org). tiers are defined as follows:

ERPG-3 is "the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed that nearly all

individuals could be exposed for up to 1 hour without experiencing or developing life-threatening

health effects."


individuals could be exposed for up to 1 hour without experiencing or developing irreversible or

other serious health effects or symptoms which could impair an individual's ability to take protective

action."


individuals could be exposed for up to 1 hour without experiencing other than mild transient health

effects or perceiving a clearly defined, objectionable odor."

Temporary Emergency Exposure Limits (TEELs)

TEELs Temporary Emergency Exposure Limits are levels of concern representing the adverse

health effects of a hazardous substance on members of the general public. TEELs are defined by

the U.S. Department of Energy for use when ERPGs or AEGLs aren't available (see

www.hss.energy.gov/HealthSafety/WSHP/chem_safety/teel.html). are used in similar situations as

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153

the 60-minute AEGLs Acute Exposure Guideline Levels are levels of concern representing the

adverse health effects of a hazardous substance on members of the general public. AEGLs are

developed by the National Research Council's National Advisory Committee on AEGLs

(www.epa.gov/oppt/aegl). and ERPGs Emergency Response Planning Guidelines are levels of

concern representing the adverse health effects of a hazardous substance on members of the

general public. ERPGs are developed by the ERPG committee of the American Industrial Hygiene

Association (www.aiha.org).. However, in situations where the concentration The amount of a

chemical present in a given weight or volume of air. Concentration of a gas in air may be expressed

in units such as parts per million (by volume) or milligrams per cubic meter. varies over time, the

TEEL developers recommend using a conservative 15-minute time-weighted average

concentration The amount of a chemical present in a given weight or volume of air. Concentration

of a gas in air may be expressed in units such as parts per million (by volume) or milligrams per

cubic meter. A chemical may have up to 4 TEEL Temporary Emergency Exposure Limits are levels

of concern representing the adverse health effects of a hazardous substance on members of the

general public. TEELs are defined by the U.S. Department of Energy for use when ERPGs or

AEGLs aren't available (see www.hss.energy.gov/HealthSafety/WSHP/chem_safety/teel.html).

values, each of which corresponds to a specific tier of health effects.

The 4 TEEL Temporary Emergency Exposure Limits are levels of concern representing the

adverse health effects of a hazardous substance on members of the general public. TEELs are

defined by the U.S. Department of Energy for use when ERPGs or AEGLs aren't available (see

www.hss.energy.gov/HealthSafety/WSHP/chem_safety/teel.html). tiers are defined as follows:

TEEL-3 is "the maximum concentration The amount of a chemical present in a given weight or

volume of air. Concentration of a gas in air may be expressed in units such as parts per million (by

volume) or milligrams per cubic meter. in air below which it is believed nearly all individuals could

be exposed without experiencing or developing life-threatening health effects."




be exposed without experiencing or developing irreversible or other serious health effects or

symptoms that could impair their abilities to take protective action."














154

be exposed without experiencing other than mild transient health effects or perceiving a clearly

defined objectionable odor."

TEEL-0 is "the threshold concentration The amount of a chemical present in a given weight or


volume) or milligrams per cubic meter. below which most people will experience no appreciable

risk of health effects."

PACs (Protective Action Criteria)

The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH National Institute for

Occupational Safety and Health (www.cdc.gov/niosh). The federal agency responsible for

conducting research and making recommendations for the prevention of work-related disease and

injury. NIOSH is part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).) defines an

immediately dangerous to life or health condition as a situation "that poses a threat of exposure to

airborne contaminants when that exposure is likely to cause death or immediate or delayed

permanent adverse health effects or prevent escape from such an environment."

The IDLH limit Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health limits, levels of concern for adult workers;

estimate of the highest concentration from which escape is possible without permanent injury (if

their respirators fail). IDLHs ae established by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and

Health (www.cdc.gov/niosh). represents the concentration The amount of a chemical present in a

given weight or volume of air. Concentration of a gas in air may be expressed in units such as

parts per million (by volume) or milligrams per cubic meter. of a chemical in the air to which healthy

adult workers could be exposed (if their respirators fail) without suffering permanent or escape-

impairing health effects.

None of Asiatic two new products have been mentioned in MSHIC Rules and as such are not

considered hazardous

Among the seven raw materials stored in bulk only one has not been mentioned in MSIHC Rules.

Three raw materials are solids and four are liquids. None is gas. One of the raw material namely

Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide has been mentioned as “highly reactive substance” in Schedule 3

Part –I of MSIHC Rules. Threshold quantity (for application of Rules 5, 7-9 and 13-15) for Methyl

ethyl ketone peroxide is “5 MT”.






155

6.2.2. Hazardous Materials Storage

The solid raw materials will be received in bags or drums and will be stored in chemicals godowns.

The products (liquid or solid) will be packed in drums and stored in product godowns as per market

demand. The bulk storages of hazardous materials are given in the Table 4.2.

The solid materials powder or granules spillage can result in polluting small area only. The damage

to personnel can be through ingress- dermal (if individual come in contact), oral (if individual food

gets infected through fugitive dust) or inhalation (fugitive dust). The main route is fugitive dust

which in covered area will move to short distance only.

The risk is through liquid and gaseous materials which are volatile material. The toxic vapours due

to spillage of such material can travel to some distance (as they are stored in covered godowns)

and cause damage. The liquid products will be packed in drums (50 / 200 litres drums).

6.2.3. QRA Approach

Identification of hazards and likely scenarios (based on Level-1 and Level-2 activities) calls for

detailed analysis of each scenario for potential of damage, impact area (may vary with weather

conditions / wind direction) and safety system in place. Subsequently each incident is classified

according to relative risk classifications provided in Table below as Table 4.4:

Table 6.4 Risk Classification

Stage Description

High

(> 10-2/yr.)

A failure which could reasonably be expected to occur within the expected life

time of the plant.

Examples of high failure likelihood are process leaks or single instrument or valve

failures or a human error which could result in releases of hazardous materials.

Moderate

(10-2 --10-

4/yr.)

A failure or sequence of failures which has a low probability of occurrence within

the expected lifetime of the plant.

Examples of moderate likelihood are dual instrument or valve failures,

combination of instrument failures and human errors, or single failures of small

process lines or fittings.


156

Stage Description

Low

(<10-4)

A failure or series of failures which have a very low probability of occurrence

within the expected lifetime of plant.

Examples of ‘low’ likelihood are multiple instruments or valve failures or multiple

human errors, or single spontaneous failures of tanks or process vessels.

Minor

Incidents

Impact limited to the local area of the event with potent for ‘knock – on- events’

Serious

Incident

One that could cause:

Any serious injury or fatality on/off site;

Property damage of $ 1 million offsite or $ 5 million onsite.

Extensive

Incident

One that is five or more times worse than a serious incident.

Assigning a relative risk to each scenario provides a means of prioritising associated risk mitigation

measures and planned actions.

6.2.4. Thermal Hazards

In order to understand the damages produced by various scenarios, it is appropriate to understand

the physiological/physical effects of thermal radiation intensities. The thermal radiation due to tank

fire usually results in burn on the human body. Furthermore, inanimate objects like equipment,

piping, cables, etc. may also be affected and also need to be evaluated for damages. Table 6.5,

Table 6.6Table 6.6 and Table 6.7 (below), respectively give tolerable intensities of various objects

and desirable escape time for thermal radiation.

Thermal hazards could be from fires or explosion. Fire releases energy slowly while explosion

release energy very rapidly (typically in micro seconds). Explosion is rapid expansion of gases

resulting in rapidly moving shock wave. Explosion can be confined (within a vessel or building) or

unconfined (due to release of flammable gases).

BLEVE (boiling liquid expanding vapour explosion) occurs if a vessel containing a liquid at a

temperature above its atmospheric boiling point ruptures. The subsequent BLEVE is the explosive

vaporisation of large fraction of its vapour contents; possibly followed by combustion or explosion

of the vaporised cloud if it is combustible.


157

Thermal hazards have been considered for various scenarios including:

Fire in inflammable chemicals storage tanks.

Table 6.5 Effects due to Incident Radiation Intensity

Incident Radiation

kW/m2

Damage Type

0.7 Equivalent to Solar Radiation

1.6 No discomfort on long duration

4.0 Sufficient to cause pain within 20 sec. Blistering of skin

(first degree burn is likely).

9.5 Pain threshold reached after 8 sec. Second degree

burn after 20 sec.

12.5 Minimum energy required for piloted ignition of wood,

melting of plastic tubing etc.

25 Minimum Energy required for piloted ignition of wood,

melting, plastic tubing etc.

37.5 Sufficient to cause damage to process equipment.

62.0 Spontaneous ignition of wood.

Table 6.6 Thermal Radiation Impact to Human

Exposure

Duration

Radiation Energy {1%

lethality; kW/m2}

Radiation Energy

for 2nd degree

burns; kW/m2

Radiation Energy

for 1st degree

burns; kW/m2

10 sec 21.2 16 12.5

30 sec 9.3 7.0 4.0

Table 6.7 Tolerable Intensities for Various Objects


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S.N. Objects Tolerable Intensities (kw/m2)

1 Drenched Tank 38

2 Special Buildings (No window, fire proof

doors)

25

3 Normal Buildings 14

4 Vegetation 10-12

5 Escape Route 6 (up to 30 sec.)

6 Personnel in Emergencies 3 (up to 30 sec.)

7 Plastic Cables 2

8 Stationary Personnel 1.5

6.2.5. Damage due to Explosion

The explosion of a dust or gas (either as a deflagration or detonation) results in a reaction front

moving outwards from the ignition source preceded by a shock wave or pressure front. After the

combustible material is consumed the reaction front terminates but the pressure wave continues

its outward movement. Blast damage is based on the determination of the peak overpressure

resulting from the pressure wave impacting on the object or structure. Damage estimates based

on overpressure are given in Table 6.8 below:

Table 6.8 Damage due to Overpressure

Sl. No Overpressure

(psig / bar)

Damage

1. 0.04 Loud Noise / sonic boom glass failure

2. 0.15 Typical pressure for glass failure

3. 0.5 - 1 Large and small windows usually shattered

4. 0.7 Minor damage to house structure

5. 1 Partial demolition of houses, made

uninhabitable.


159

Sl. No Overpressure

(psig / bar)

Damage

6. 2.3 Lower limit of serious structure damage

7. 5 – 7 Nearly complete destruction of houses

8. 9 Loaded train box wagons completely

demolished

9. 10 Probable total destruction of houses

10. 200 Limits of crater lip

In Asiatic case explosion probability is there specific to Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (Ignition

and/or explosion may occur if Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide mixed with readily oxidizable materials)

6.2.6. Hazardous Material’s Release

Hazardous materials handled and stored in bulk in Asiatic proposed complex two are toxic, three

are both inflammable and toxic and one is highly reactive / flammable/explosive.

Damage criteria: For toxic release the damage criteria considered is IDLH concentration (if data

are available). In the absence of non-availability of IDLH, other data like AEGL, ERPG, TEEL or

PAC will be considered as damage criteria.

For thermal: 1st degree burn (4 Kw/Sq m)

6.2.7. Data Limitations

It is also observed that very little data or information (regarding physical properties required for

modelling) is available for most of the raw materials (stored in bulk as many are not pure chemicals)

and as such failure scenarios cannot be modelled.

6.2.8. Likely Failure Scenarios

The failure scenarios have been selected after critical appraisal of raw materials and storage

inventories. Failure scenarios selected are as given in Table 6.9 below:

Table 6.9 Different Failure Scenarios


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S. No. Scenario Remark

RM-1 Styrene Spillage Inflammable

6.3. Quantitively Risk Assessment & Consequence Analysis

6.3.1. Preamble

In the previous section we have carried out the hazards analysis of the Asiatic existing complex

considering various aspects including bulk storages of hazardous chemicals, plant process

system, plant incidents/accidents records, critical appraisal and discussion at site for soft spots in

the plant etc. Based on the hazards analysis five critical scenarios (liquid and gaseous raw

materials) have been selected for QRA and consequence analysis. QRA quantifies vulnerable

zones for a conceived incident with various levels of severity. Consequence calculations for risk

assessment are invariably in terms of percentage of fatalities but for emergency handling, fatalities

are of no interest saving lives is the main objectives then. The injury criteria have to be agreed in

terms of thermal load or toxic concentration versus exposure duration in the first instance.

In consequence calculation, use is made of a number of calculation models to estimate the physical

effects of an accident (spill of hazardous material) and to predict the damage (lethality, injury,

material destruction, and other property damage). The risk assessment modelling can be roughly

divided into three groups:

Determination of source strength parameters;

Determination of consequential effects;

Determination of damage or damage distances (with specific severity rates)

6.3.2. Weather Effect

The effect of ambient conditions on the impact of fire / thermal radiation and GLC of hazardous /

toxic material can be beneficial as well as harmful. A high wind (turbulence) can dilute the toxic

material impact while stable environment can extend the reach of IDLH or IT (inhalation LC50

rats/mouse for products) concentration to long distance. Any inflammable gas / vapour release in

turbulent weather will soon dilute the hazardous gases below LEL and thus save the disaster.


161

6.3.3. Incidents Impacts

The identified failure scenarios (Table 6.9) have been analysed (Using ALOHA and EFFECT

Modules) for the impact zones considering damage due to thermal and toxic impacts. Each incident

will have Impact on the surrounding environment which in extreme case may cross plant boundary.

The impact zones for various scenarios are given in Table 6.10.

Table 6.10 : Hazards Scenario Impact

Scenario

No.

Scenario Impact Zone

(m)

Remarks

Scenario Raw Material

Scenario-1 Styrene Spillage & Fire

<10

1st Degree burn; Template -1

Template 1. Styrene Spillage- Fire- Thermal Impact Zone

6.3.4. Consequential Impacts

The consequential impacts from each incident scenarios can be though thermal, over pressure

wave and toxic route. The damage can be on plant personnel (and neighbouring residents in case

incident crosses boundary), property and also loss in production.

Thermal and Explosion Hazards


162

Incidents involving thermal hazards are mainly due to raw material fire (due to spillage). The impact

(1st degree burn) due to Styrene spillage and fire is limited to <10 m only (i.e. within plant

boundary). However, the consequences can go to worse if the incidents lead to domino effect to

other tanks. Many of the raw materials stored are inflammable as well as toxic.

Toxic Hazards

As mentioned above due to data limitation modelling could not be done

6.3.5. Other Hazards:

Hazards due to (Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide -CAS No 13338-23-4)

Health Hazard

Extremely destructive to tissue of the mucous membranes, upper respiratory tract, eyes, and skin.

Symptoms of exposure include burning sensation, coughing, wheezing, laryngitis, shortness of

breath, headache, nausea, and vomiting. (USCG, 1999)

Reactivity Profile

METHYL ETHYL KETONE PEROXIDE is a strong oxidizing agent. May be ignited by heat, sparks

or flame and undergoes self-accelerating decomposition. Explosive decomposition occurs at 230°

F. Sensitive to sunlight. Ignition and/or explosion may occur if mixed with readily oxidizable

materials. Reacts with combustible materials such as wood, cloth or organic materials, with

chlorine, and with metals (iron, copper and their alloys and aluminum and its alloys). Incompatible

with strong oxidizing agents, strong reducing agents, natural rubbers, synthetic rubbers and

chemical accelerators. Incompatible with heavy metals, acids and bases.

Specific Handling Safety Measures

Precautions to be taken in handling and storing: Rotate stock using oldest material first. Avoid

contact with skin, eyes and clothing. Keep containers closed to prevent contamination. Keep

away from sources of heat, sparks, or flame. Do not add to hot solvents or monomers as a violent

decomposition and/or reaction may result. When using spray equipment, never spray raw Methyl

Ethyl Ketone Peroxide onto curing or into raw resin or flues. Keep Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxide

in its original container. Do not use near food or drink. Wash thoroughly after handling. The

stability of Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxide formulations is directly related to the shipping and storage

temperature history. Cool storage at 80 0F or below is recommended for longer shelf life and

stability. Prolonged storage at elevated temperatures of 100 0F and higher will cause product

degradation, gassing and potential container rupture which can result in a fire and/or explosion.


163

Store out of direct sunlight in a well-ventilated area away from combustible and incompatible

materials.

Other Precautions: Unmixed, uncontaminated material, remaining at the end of the day, shall be

returned to a proper organic peroxide storage area. Under no circumstances should material be

returned to original container.

Regulated as an Organic Peroxide, Class 5.2, for storage and handling. Store in original containers

away from incompatible materials, direct sunlight, flames, and all sources of heat. Maximum

Storage Temperature: 38 °C (100 °F). Open them cautiously, in case they may be under slight

pressure. In order to maintain the product's original manufactured assay in long term storage, a

lower storage temperature of below 30 °C (86 °F) is strongly recommended. Shelf Life: (Calculated

from half-life data in benzene solution) Estimate > 48 months at which 95% of the original

manufactured assay remains when stored at or below 30 °C (86 °F).

Hazards due to (Diethylene Glycol—CAS No: 111-46-6)

A colorless liquid. Denser than water. Contact may slightly irritate skin, eyes and mucous

membranes. May be slightly toxic by ingestion. Used to make other chemicals. DIETHYLENE

GLYCOL is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. It is also incompatible with strong bases. It

can react with sulfuric acid and other dehydrating agents, nitric acid, oxygen, hydrogen peroxide,

perchloric acid and strong acids. Mixtures with sodium hydroxide decompose exothermically when

heated to 446° F. (NTP, 1992)

Hazards due to (Neopentyl Glycol—CAS No: 126-30-7)

White crystalline solid. Melting point 130°C. May be harmful by ingestion or skin absorption.

Causes eye and skin irritation. Material is irritating to mucous membrane and upper respiratory

tract. INHALATION: Call for medical aid. Remove to fresh air. If breathing has stopped, give

artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. (USCG, 1999)

Reactivity Profile

2,2-DIMETHYLPROPANE-1,3-DIOL may generate toxic gases in combination of with alkali

metals, nitrides, and strong reducing agents. Reacts with inorganic acids and carboxylic acids to

form esters plus water. Converted to aldehydes or acids by oxidizing agents. May initiate the

polymerization of isocyanates and epoxides.

The other hazards in the plant include (but not limited to):

Other toxic hazards due to acids / other toxic spillages (mainly limited to spillage area only.).


164

Mechanical hazards due to machines / equipment.

Hazards due to individual soft spots like walking casually and noticing a pit and falling or

colliding/ stumbling or slipping (not noticing a wet place etc.).

Acids Toxic Hazards

Acid spillage-its impact will be limited to spillage area. The spillage if comes in contact with metal

parts will produce hydrogen which is highly flammable gas. Any person moving in area and getting

splash will get the injury. In addition, the spillage will cause pollution problem. The spillage is to be

collected and neutralized for toxic contents before disposal.

6.3.6. Process hazards and Control

Table 6.11 Process Hazards and Controls

Name of

hazardous

process and

operation

Material in

the process

/operation

Type of hazard possible toxic

gas release / fire /explosion /

run away reaction / rupture,

etc.

Control measured

provided

Thermic Fluid

Heater

Oil Fire Hazard:

Causes: Flash point variation of

thermal fluid/oil over a period of

time (Thermal fluids which were

not flammable at the operating

temperature when they were

initially installed but over time

become flammable at the

operating conditions) Mist

Formation around leak points

such as flagged joints, around

valves and connection points in

the pipe line. These may create

explosive atmospheres being

formed outside the pipework

where ignition sources such as

Annual inspections

Safety interlocks to be

provided

Safety and pressure

gauge valves fitted

Properly supported

and protected against

corrosion

Testing of Jackets

and joints of tubes

regularly


165

motors pumps and electrical

equipments are present

Lagging Fire – leak and

dispersion of oil within

insultation leads to fire

6.3.7. General hazards and controls

Table 6.12 General hazards and controls

Type of

Emergency

Identification of

Area

Possible Causes Possible

Results

Preventive/control

Measures

Fire Tank farm area Fire due to

Bottom nozzle

failure

Damage of

storage tank

Pump

discharge

nozzle failure

Unloading road

tanker hose

rupture

Major fire in

the tank

farm, it may

spread all

over the

company

and

surrounding

area

May cause

fatalities

Licensed and

isolated storage

tank farm.

Flame proof

fittings.

Earthling while

unloading.

Spark arrestor at

main gate.

Dip pipes on the

tank for unloading.

Provision of dyke.

Earthling of tanks

and pumps.

Get approval from

an explosive

department for

plan approval,

equipment layout


166

& emergency

control measures.

No electrical

junction box close

to storage

materials.

Hot work permit

system

followed for hot

working in the

ware house.

Toxic Gas

Release

Tank Farm Area

and Reaction

Vessel area

Cylinder blast

Rupture of

discharge valve

Rupture of gas

cylinder body

Bursting of

pipelines

Major gas

exposure in

the

company

and/or

surrounding

area of the

company

which

resulting in

irritation to

respiratory

track eyes

and

suffocation.

More

inhalation

results in

fatalities.

Storage Tank

stored under shed

and good

ventilated area.

Procured by

license holder

party.

Fitted with valve

protection cap.

Valve opened with

special key.

Loading/unloading

done safely.

Trained persons

for Material

Handling in Tank

Farm and Storage

Tank area.


167

Periodic hydraulic

testing through

competent person

by supplier

Painted according

to its color code.

Material

handling

In Plant Flammable,

eye

irritating & body

accident

Fire and

health

Hazards

Trained employee

Required PPE and

Fire

Protective

equipment

Provided Good

engineering

practice

Separate storage

is with dyke

valve system

provided

Storage

and

other

Operation

In Plant Spillage,

Leakage and

overflow,

Fire Hazard Required Fire

Extinguisher

Provided Flame

Proof Electrical

Fitting

Proper Earthling

arrangement

Fire Hydrant

System with

Jockey Pump


168

Gas Detector

6.3.8. Safe Practice for Handling, Storage, Transportation and Unloading of

Hazardous Chemicals

For Storage/Handling:

Separate from strong oxidant. & Keep it in well ventilated room.

Dyke wall shall be provided to all above ground storage tank.

Fire hydrant system shall be installed.

Safety shower and eye washer shall be installed near storage area.

Flame proof light fitting shall be provided at flammable storage area.

Proper selection of MOC for chemicals storage tank.

Sprinkler system shall be installed at flammable material storage area

Earthing/bonding shall be provided for static charges.

Flame arrestor shall be provided on flammable material storage tank vent.

Level gauge and level measurement instrument shall be provided on material storage tank.

Lightening arrestor on all chimney and building shall be provided.

Hazardous material should be stored away from the plant and safe distance shall be

maintained.

Safety permit system shall be followed for loading, unloading of hazardous chemical.

Fencing, caution note, hazardous identification board should be provided.

Only authorized person shall be permitted in storage tank area and register will be

maintained.

For Transportation & Unloading:

Solvent shall be received by road tanker and stored in above ground storage tank in

separated bulk storage area.

Loading and unloading procedure shall be prepared for material received through road

tanker.


169

Earthing/bonding shall be provided for static charges.

Flexible steel hose shall be used for unloading from the road tanker.

Flame proof electric motor shall be used during loading/unloading.

NRV shall be provided on pump discharge line.

Fixed pipeline with pumps shall be provided for transfer to vessel.

TREM CARD will be provided to all transporters and shall be trained for transportation

Emergency of hazardous chemicals.

Personal Protective Equipment (safety goggles, hand gloves, apron, masks, gum boots

etc.) shall be provided.

6.3.9. Occupational Health Surveillance Programme

Occupational Health Surveillance (also termed as medical surveillance for workers) constitutes an

important component in efforts to protect and improve worker’s health. It is the systematic

collection, analysis, and dissemination of disease data on groups of workers and is designed to

detect early signs of work-related illness. A well-run medical surveillance program can aid in the

early recognition of a relationship between exposure to a hazard and disease, in the assurance of

the safety of new substances, and as an indicator of the effectiveness of existing control measures.

As a vital control measure, medical surveillance employs the use of questionnaires, physical

examinations, ancillary testing, and biologic monitoring. Effective use of biologic monitoring – that

is, the testing of various body specimens for the toxic substance itself, its metabolites, or

physiologic dysfunction. The Factories Act, 1948 and the rules framed thereunder provide for

preemployment and periodical medical examinations of workers employed in industries with

hazardous processes and dangerous operations under section 41-C and section 87 respectively.

Occupational health surveillance programme:

A medical program has been developed for M/s Asiatic Composite Limited., is based on site

specific needs, location, and potential exposures of employees and workers to the various

chemicals handled at the site. The program is designed by an experienced Factory Medical Officer

(MBBS with Associate Fellow of Industrial Health (AFIH) Certification in conjunction with the Site

Safety Officer.

A site medical program consists of the following components:

A. Surveillance:


170

Pre-employment screening.

Periodic medical examinations (and follow-up examinations when appropriate).

Termination examination.

B. Treatment:

Emergency

Non-emergency (on a case-by-case basis)

C. Record-keeping

D. Program review

Table 6.13 Plan of Occupational Health & Safety

COMPONENT RECOMMENDED

Pre-Employment Screening Medical history.

Occupational history.

Physical examination.

Determination of fitness to work wearing protective

equipment.

Baseline monitoring for specific exposures.

Periodic Medical Examinations Yearly update of medical and occupational history;

Yearly physical examination; testing based on

(1) examination results,

(2) exposures, and

(3) job class and task.

More frequent testing based on specific exposures.

Emergency Treatment Provide emergency first aid on site.

Develop liaison with local hospital and medical

specialists.


171

Arrange for decontamination of victims.

Arrange in advance for transport of victims.

Transfer medical records; give details of incident and

medical history to next care provider

Non-emergency Treatment Development mechanism for nonemergency

health care.

Recordkeeping and Review Maintain and provide access to medical records in

accordance with OSHA and state regulations.

Report and record occupational injuries and

illnesses.

Review Site Safety Plan regularly to determine if

additional testing is needed.

Review program periodically.

Focus on current site hazards, exposures, and

industrial hygiene standards.

General Outline of Occupational Health Programme

Monitoring of occupational hazards like noise, ventilation, chemical exposure etc. is carried

out regularly and its record are maintained.

Good housekeeping, use of PPE, Engineering controls, Enclosure processes, scrubber

system, display of safety boards, SOP of loading / unloading, local exhaust ventilation,

safety shower etc. All necessary safety measures have been taken to keep all chemicals

within TLV.

Appropriate personal protective equipment are provided & ensure the usage of them.

Workers are trained on safe material handling of hazardous chemicals.

Prepare & display the safe operating procedure for hazardous chemicals storage, handling

& transporting or using.

Periodical medical examination of the workers & Liver Function Testes will be done.


172

Register (form no.37) for work place air monitoring is done regularly.

Employee training and education is carried out regularly.

Control the noise at source by substitution, isolation, segregation, barriers etc.

Local Exhaust ventilation are installed where it is required to reduce fumes, vapors,

temperature and heat stress.

Chemicals Which Are Exposed to Workers Directly or Indirectly

Pre-employment medical checkup and periodically medical examination is done. SGPT test has

been done for existing workers and if required Liver function test is suggested during pre-

placement and periodical examination. In addition to the above, following safety equipment are

provided;

Fire extinguishers at prominent places in the premises

First aid kit

Portable eye wash station, capable of supplying 15 minutes of water

Emergency shower

Ample supply of potable water for washing and drinking

Emergency communication devices such as mobile phones and two-way radios

Vehicle suitable for emergency transport

6.3.10. Treatment of Workers Affected by Accidental Spillage of Chemicals

Hazards with Acute Exposure

Contact with skin may cause severe burns or systemic poisoning.

Systemic effects may occur from any route of exposure, especially after skin absorption.

Hazards with Chronic Exposure

Repeated or prolonged exposure may harm the respiratory system. Can irritate and inflame

the airways.

Methanol affects the central nervous system, liver, and kidneys.

Special Safety Precautions

Prevent contact with skin by wearing neoprene gloves, lab coat, and resistant apron.


173

Wear safety glasses or a face shield if splashing may occur.

Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from heated surfaces or ignition sources.

Skin contact requires immediate washing of the affected area with soap and water.

Remove contaminated clothing and launder before wearing again.

Procedure for treating workmen after skin contact.

Skin contact requires immediate flushing of the contaminated area with soap and water at

a sink or emergency shower for a good fifteen minutes. Remove contaminated clothing. In

case of eye contact, promptly flush the eyes with copious amounts of water for 15 minutes

(lifting upper and lower lids occasionally) and obtain medical attention. If methanol is

ingested, obtain medical attention immediately. If large amounts of methanol are inhaled,

move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention at once. It is recommended to

provide the safety shower and eyewash station in plant.

6.3.11. Antidotes

Antidote of Maleic Anhydride

Immediate first aid:

Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out.

If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve

resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as

necessary.

Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water.

Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-

down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration.

Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature.

Obtain medical attention.

Basic treatment:

Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if

necessary.


174

Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist respirations if necessary. Administer

oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min.

Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary

Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... .

For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously

with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport, Do not use emetics.

For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the

patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Activated charcoal is not

effective. Do not attempt to neutralize because of exothermic reaction.

Cover skin burns with dry, sterile dressings after decontamination

Antidote of Phthalic Anhydride

First aid:

Inhalation - Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Refer for medical attention.

Skin - Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for

medical attention.

Eyes - First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible),

then take to a doctor.

Ingestion - Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give plenty of water to drink. Refer for medical

attention.



If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator,

bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary.


Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down

position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and

maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention

Basic treatment:


175


necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist respirations if necessary.

Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min.

Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary. For

eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9%

saline (NS) during transport. Do not use emetics.

For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient

can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Activated charcoal is not effective. Do

not attempt to neutralize because of exothermic reaction. Cover skin burns with dry, sterile

dressings after decontamination

antidote of Glycol

There are two antidotes used to block ADH-mediated metabolism of EG and methanol: ethanol

and fomepizole.

antidote of Isophthalic Acid



If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator,

bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary.


Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-

down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet

and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention.

Basic treatment:


necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer

oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if

necessary.

Monitor for shock and treat if necessary. Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary.

For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9%



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can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool.

Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination

Antidote of Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide

Eyes: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water

or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison

control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific

instructions from a physician. Immediately transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even

if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

Skin: Immediately flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated

clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as

redness or irritation develop, Immediately call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim

to a hospital for treatment.

Inhalation: Immediately leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. Immediately

call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as

wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop.

Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever

possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level

of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

Ingestion: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Corrosive chemicals will destroy the membranes of the

mouth, throat, and esophagus and, in addition, have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's

lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not

convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and immediately call a hospital or

poison control center. Immediately transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or

unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the

victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Transport

the victim IMMEDIATELY to a hospital.

Antidote of Styrene



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Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start

artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or

pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary.

Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting

occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an

open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature.

Obtain medical attention.

Basic treatment:


necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary.

Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and

treat if necessary. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary.

Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary

For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9%



can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool.

6.3.12. Details of fire extinguishers

Details of fire extinguishers and firefighting arrangement provided at prominent places by the

industry is given in table below:

Sr. No. Type Capacity

1 Jockey Pump

2 Sprinkler system with sprinkler heads

3 Dry chemical Powder 2 Kg.

4 Dry Chemical Powder 5 Kg

5 Capacity Dry Chemical Powder 10 Kg.


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6 Capacity Dry Chemical Powder 75 Kg.

6.3.13. Minimization of the manual handling of hazardous substance

Whether moving materials manually or mechanically, employees should know and understand the

potential hazards associated with the task at hand and how to control their work places to minimize

the danger. Employers and employees should examine their workplaces to detect any unsafe or

unhealthful conditions, practices, or equipment and take corrective action. Provide flameproof

electrical motor & transfer chemicals through the pipelines. Use specially designed pallets to hold,

move raw materials, finished products through work areas. Minimize lifting of raw materials, heavy

loads by using appropriate platforms, trolleys etc. Avoid the moving, manual handling of hazardous

material.

6.3.14. DO’S AND DONT’S

A. Handling of Chemicals

Do’s Don’ts

Know the hazards of the chemical

before handling.

Know the antidotes for chemical, which

you are handling.

Do keep material safety data sheet in

locations where chemicals are being

handled and study it.

Use appropriate personal protective

equipment like gloves, aprons, and

respirator; face shield etc. depending

upon nature of the work.

Label every chemical that you use and

tightly close the container.

Do not store the chemicals that are

incompatible with other chemicals.

Do not spill the chemicals.

Do not dispose chemical without

neutralizing.

Do not keep large inventory of

chemicals.

Do not allow empty containers of

hazardous chemicals to be used by

others.

Do not use compressed air for

transferring chemicals.


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Use eye wash fountain / safety shower

in case of splash of chemicals in the eye

or body for at least 15 minutes.

Segregate toxic, flammable chemicals

and keep them under control.

In addition to draining and closing

valves, lines should be blanked before

taking up maintenance work.

Provide proper ventilation at the

chemical handling area to limit their

concentration within prescribed level.

Do not stand near chemical transfer

pump while it is in operation with

temporary hose connection.

Pouring of chemicals by hand or doing

siphoning by mouth should never be

adopted.

Chemicals drums should never be

moved without protection.

Do not attempt to neutralize the acid /

alkali on the skin. Use water only.

Do not use solvent for cleaning hands.

B. Material Handling

Do’s Don’ts

Use proper lifting tool and tackle having

adequate capacity.

Only authorized persons should

operate material handling equipment.

Each tool, tackle or equipment should

have number and safe working load

(SWL) marked on it.

Assess weight of the material, distance

to be carried and hazards etc. before

lifting the load.

Inspect and test all the lifting tools and

tackles regularly as per Factory Rules.

Wear Personal Protective Equipments

while handling of material.

Do not use the equipment for the

purpose other than its design intention.

Do not allow personnel to move

underneath lifted load.

Do not load the equipment above its

safe working load.

Do not use makeshift arrangements for

lifting equipment without inspection and

test.

Do not use defective tool and tackles.

Keep the tools & tackles free from

adverse effect of atmosphere by

applying suitable protective coating.

The angle between the legs of two leg

sling should not exceed 90 degree.


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Wherever possible, mechanized

material handling shall be adopted.

While lifting a load physically, keep the

load as near as possible to the body

with feet properly placed for body

balance.

Bend knees, keep back straight, keep

the load closed to the body and lift the

load.

Do not allow male and female adult to

lift a load manually higher than 55 kgs

and 30 kgs respectively.

Do not hold the load with tip of the

fingers; grasp the load firmly with palm.

C. Fire Prevention

Do’s Don’ts

Follow ‘NO SMOKING’ sign.

Deposit oily rags and waste

combustible material in the identified

containers and dispose them suitably.

Fire Hose used for any other purpose

should be permanently marked and

taken out of fire hydrant system.

Keep minimum inventory of flammable

and combustible substances.

Take permission before breaking or

removal of fire barrier and ensure

subsequent relocation of fire barrier.

Check periodically the operability of

fixed firefighting system.

Attend any abnormality / deficiency with

fire protection system promptly.

Do not leave flammable material like

acetone, kerosene etc. used as

cleaning agent at the work area.

Do not over tighten fire hydrant valves

with F-lever.

Do not allow wild grass growth around

storage of the gas cylinders and

switchyard.

Do not obstruct accessibility to the fire

related equipment.

Do not destroy the inspection tag

provided with the fire equipment.

Do not misuse fire-fighting equipment

other than intended purpose.

Do not store the flammable material in

the open container.


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Provide earthling or bonding to prevent

accumulation of static charges to tanks

where flammable chemicals are

stored/handled.

Use instruments that are intrinsically

safe in explosive atmosphere.

Do not use instruments that are not

intrinsically safe in the explosive

atmosphere.

D. House Keeping

Do’s Don’ts

Assign places for everything and

maintain things at assigned places.

Clean the area after completion of work.

Use aisle space free for personnel and

material movement.

Ensure adequate illumination and

ventilation for the job.

Drop paper, plastic, glass, metal and

biomedical waste in a separate bin kept

for this purpose.

Know the location where emergency

equipment such as first aid box,

firefighting equipment, SCBA,

Stretchers are kept.

Arrest all types of spills such as

chemical, water, oil, air / gas, steam etc.

and clean up the area immediately.

Ensure exits are indicated / painted for

use during emergency.

Do not leave combustible materials in

the work area.

Do not smoke in the area of work.

Do not allow dust bin to overflow.

Do not generate extra waste.

Do not disturb the safety equipment

from assigned location.

Do not block emergency switches and

on/off switches of the equipment by

storming of materials in front of work.

Do not leave cleaning agent like

acetone, isopropyl alcohol, kerosene

etc. at the work area after completion of

work.

Do not block fire exit point by storing

materials or by means.

Do not leave a spillage unattended.


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6.3.15. Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA)

The regulations require the employer, in consultation with employees, to identify:

a. All reasonably foreseeable hazards that may cause a major accident; and

b. The kinds of major accidents that may occur, the likelihood of a major accident occurring and

the likely consequences of a major accident.

HIRA must address potentially rare events and situations that ensure the full range of major

accidents and their causes. To achieve this, employers should:

a. Identify and challenge assumptions and existing norms of design and operation to test whether

they may contain weaknesses;

b. Think beyond the immediate experience.

c. Recognize that existing controls and procedures cannot always be guaranteed to work as

expected; and learn lessons from similar organizations and businesses

The HIRA worksheet is presented as below.

Hazard Description Consequences

Unloading of raw materials from

Trucks.

1. Fall of material causing injury to person.

2. Leakage/Spillage of chemical causing fire & explosion in

case of flammable chemicals.

3. Exposure to hazardous chemicals such as carcinogenic

may lead to health hazards.

4. Ergonomic hazards in case of manual handling of materials

Store of Raw Material. 1. Spillage & Leakage

2. Fire & Explosion


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3. Fall of containers if stacked high.

4. Inhalation of chemicals.

Transportation of

solvents/chemicals to production

area

1. Spill & leak

2. Inhalation of vapours.

3. Fire & Explosion

4. Ergonomic hazards to person

5. Chemical/Solvent splash

Charging of Raw Material in to

reactors

1. Fire & Explosion due to static

2. Inhalation of Vapour.

3. Physical Injury

4. Spill & Leak

Boarding & packing of the

Finished product

1. Inhalation of Vapour.

Movement of Trucks 1. Hit & run over by Truck (Facility).

2. Properly Damage due to hitting of moving trucks.

3. Fire inside trucks cabin

4. Traffic Hazardous.

Considering the risk with the activities, company will provide the followings in order to mitigate the

risk:

1. Ventilation system


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2. Fire Extinguishers

3. Summary of MSDS of chemicals will be displayed.

4. Spill control kit

5. Smoke detectors

6. Training to employees

7. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

8. Display of cautionary Signboard

9. Dust collection system

10. Speed limit policy within plant area

6.4. Conclusion & Recommendations

The hazard analysis and risk assessment of few possible selected incident scenarios indicates

that such incidents mostly are not limited to plant battery limits and have impact on adjoining plants.

There are possibilities of domino effect and the secondary scenario not predictable can be worse

than the primary one. No scenario (either thermal or toxic hazards scenarios) is crossing the Asiatic

plant boundaries (in normal case). The direction of impact will be in down wind direction (wind

direction and speed vary with season).

Some of the recommendations for Tank farm storage system are as given below:

Provision of flame detectors/ thermal sensors at strategic locations in the storage area.

Water deluge system on each bulk storage area for inflammable liquids. The system should

automatically start taking signal from flame detectors or thermal relay.

Fixed foam system with adequate capacity.

Toxic Hazards are due to Hazardous organic chemicals. Regular ‘Hazard Survey’ ensures the

detection of leakage in the plant.

Hazardous chemicals spillage/ leakage can have adverse impact in large area. In house ‘capability

building’ to attend hazardous scenarios is to be taken up through mock drills.


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Human Factors: Asiatic should have well equipped firefighting system and also safety department

– safety practices (as required for small plants). Human factors role in safety cannot be ignored.

Odd hours working and over / long hours work can drain out individual. It shows in lack of efficiency

and also the lack of apt attention the modern chemical complex demand. They are to be closely

looked into and avoided.

‘Safety’ has unique features:

If no accident has happened so far probability of incident / accident occurring increases.

‘No accident’ / good safety record develops complacency inertia/ over confidence in the

team. This attitude gives rise to gaps / soft spots in the system giving chances to incidents

/ accidents.

Safety requires novelty. Routine training practices get stale with no positive results. Look

for novel scheme of training/ safety practices to build up fresh impetus in safety.

Involvement of employees with refreshed outlook for safety is to be achieved.


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CHAPTER 7. DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

7.1. Disaster Management Plan

Disaster/ Emergency Management Plan is essential for a chemical plant as the processes adopted

for manufacturing are classified under Factory Act as Hazardous due to handling and storage of

toxic, flammable and explosive hazardous materials. Over the years, the chemical process plant

has created adequate infrastructure and adopted risk mitigation measures to tackle any

emergency that may arise during the manufacturing process. The important aspect in emergency

planning is to control an emergency by technical and organizational means, minimize accidents

and consequent losses. Emergency planning also brings to light deficiencies, such as, lack of

resources necessary for effective emergency response. It also demonstrates the organization's

commitment to safety of employees and physical property as well as increases the awareness

among management and employees.

Disaster Management Plan for the plant is necessarily a combination of various actions which are

to be taken in a very short time but in a pre-set sequence to deal effectively and efficiently with any

disaster, emergency or major accident with an aim to keep the loss of men, material,

plant/machinery etc. to the minimum.

A major emergency in a hazardous chemical plant is one, which has the potential to cause serious

injury or loss of life. It may cause extensive damage to property and serious disruption of both

inside and outside the plant. Sometimes, it would require the assistance of outside emergency

services to handle it effectively. Although the emergency at the plant may be caused by a number

of different factors, e.g. leakage of toxic and flammable materials from piping/tanks, total/partial

power failure, earthquake or sabotage, it will normally manifest itself in fire/toxic release.

Primarily, DMP is prepared to furnish details which may require at the time of the emergency, to

delegate responsibility, to estimate the consequences in advance and to prepare ourselves to

control any type of emergency. The plan explains basic requirements as follows:

Definition,

Objectives,

Organization set up,

Communication System,

Action on site,


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Link with Off-site Emergency Plan,

Training rehearsal and record aspect.

7.1.1. Definitions

Various definitions on different analogy used on On-site & Off-site Emergency Plan are as follows:

Accident: An accident may be defined as “an undesirable and unplanned event with or without

or major damage consequence of life and /or property.

Major Accident: It is a sudden, unexpected, unplanned event resulting from uncontrolled

developments during an industrial activity, which causes or has the potential to cause, death or

hospitalization to a number of people, damage to environment, evacuation of local population or

any combination of above effects.

Emergency: This can be defined as any situation, which presents a threat to safety of person's

or/and property. It may require outside help also.

Major Emergency: Occurring at a work is one that may affect several departments within and/or

may cause serious injuries, loss of life, extensive damage to properly or serious disruption outside

the works. It will require the use of outside resources to handle it effectively.

Disaster: Disaster is a sudden calamitous event, bringing great damage, loss or destruction.

Hazards: Hazard may be defined as “the potential of an accident”. Hazard exists in man and the

system of materials and machines.

Chemical Hazards: It is a hazard due to chemical(s) (including its storage, process, handling,

etc.) and it is realized by fire, explosion, toxicity, corrosively, radiation, etc.

Risk: Risk may be defined as the combination of consequence and probability or likelihood of an

accident being caused in a given man-material – machine system.

On-Site Emergency plan: It deals with measures to prevent and control emergencies within the

factory and not affecting outside public or environment.

Off-Site Emergency plan: It deals with measures to prevent and control emergencies affecting

public and the environment outside the premises.

7.1.2. Objective of the Disaster Management Plan

The primary purpose of this Disaster Management Plan is to equip the Plant with required

resources and information for prompt implementation of the set of actions to be undertaken in the


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event of an accident posing hazards to the people and community after commissioning of the

plant.

The objective of Disaster Management Plan (DMP), for the plant is to be in a state of perceptual

readiness through training, development and mock drills, to immediately control and arrest any

emergency situation so as to avert a full fledge disaster and the consequence of human and

property damage and in the event of a disaster still occurring, to manage the same to that the risk

of the damage consequences to life and property are minimized and thereafter, proper

rehabilitation, review and revisions of the DMP to overcome the shortcomings noticed are

undertaken.

The DMP document is prepared keeping in view and to conform the requirements of the provisions

of The Factories Act 1948 under section 41 B (4), Guidelines issued by the Ministry of

Environment and Forests, Govt. of India and Manufacture, Import and Storage of Hazardous

Chemicals Rules, 1989 amended in 2000, Schedule 11 under Environmental Protection Act 1986.

Following are the main objectives of the plan to:

Defined and assess emergencies, including hazards and risk

Control and contain incidents.

Safeguard employees and people in vicinity.

Minimize damage to property and/or the environment.

Minimization of risk and impact of event accident.

Preparation of action plan to handle disasters and to contain damage.

Inform employees, the general public and the authority about the hazards/risk assessed

and to provide safeguard, and the role to be played by them in the event of emergency.

Be ready for 'mutual aid' if need arises to help neighboring unit.

Inform authorities and mutual aid centres to come for help.

Effect rescue and treatment of casualties.

Effective rehabilitation of the affected persons and prevention of damage to the property.

Identify and list any fatalities.

Inform and help relatives.


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Secure the safe rehabilitation of affected areas and to restore normalcy.

Provide authoritative information to the news media.

7.2. Emergency Preparedness and Response System

Section 41-B (4) of the Factories Act, 1948 requires that every occupier of a factory shall prepare

an ON-SITE emergency plan and detailed accident control measures for the factory. Accordingly,

the ON-SITE and OFF-SITE emergency plan with details of accident control measures has been

prepared for the employees and general public living in the vicinity of the factory. This plan gives

the safety measures to be taken in the event of any accident happening at the plant. The

provisions of the proposed draft rules and the following guidelines given by the Factory

Inspectorate office are kept in mind while preparing this plan.

1. Status relating to risk assessment and environment impact in case of Toxic release and the

measures taken for prevention of such accident.

2. Probabilities of possible hazard due to the failure of provided control measures and equipment

such as safety valve, pressure gauge, temperature indicator etc. at different stages of process.

3. Provisions for all facilities and procedures for immediate control to minimize the effect of such

probabilities.

4. Arrangement for informing workers through emergency alarm and public in vicinity and

surrounding factories through telephone and loud speakers in case of emergency at the factory.

5. Arrangement for evacuation of persons likely to be affected due to emergency.

6. Arrangement for transporting affected persons to the hospital and medical center through

Car/Ambulance.

7. Arrangement for necessary treatment and availability of antidotes at hospitals and at medical

center.

8. Organization Chart for fixation of responsibilities of managers, officers, workers at different

stages for handling emergency due to spillage, fire, explosion etc.

9. Details regarding alert system like emergency alarm.

10.Provision for Training, rehearsals, mock drill etc. at regular intervals to the personnel handling

emergency

11.Notification of place of gathering of workers and staff at the time of emergency.


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12.Information in detail, regarding any disaster, which might have occurred in factory.

13.Provisions of main control for 24 hours to use at the time of emergency.

14.Submission of material safety data sheet of chemicals.

15.Arrangement regarding maintenance of different equipment, control measures and safe

procedure of work so that they shall work effectively.

16.A statement of all possible source of accidents involving fire, explosion and plan of showing

the place of above accidents with the facilities to control the emergency near the place and at the

control place

17.A statement of Quality, health and safety policy of factory.

18.OFF-SITE emergency services which a link is between ON-SITE and OFFSITE PLAN. While

preparing this plan, the following documents have been referred and thankful to those for their

contribution.

This plan is prepared covering all hazards like fire, explosion etc. and given steps to prevent and

minimize it.

This plan is very useful to the operatives, employees working in factory, public staying in the

vicinity of the site to take the suitable steps at the time of any emergency.

7.3. Emergency Organization

7.3.1. Incident Controller

Incident Controller’s role will be to control the emergency at the incident site

Duties of Incident Controller

Incident Controller will proceed to the place of emergency after hearing siren/announcement. He

will:

Assess the scale of emergency and decide if a major emergency exists or is likely,

accordingly activate emergency procedure.

Immediately give his feedback to Emergency Control Centre (ECC) regarding emergency.

Direct all operations within the area with following priorities.

o Secure the safety of personnel

o Minimize damage to plant property and environment.


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o Minimize loss of material.

Direct rescue and firefighting operations till the arrival of the outside Fire Brigade; he will

relinquish control to Sr. Officer of Fire Brigade.

Ensure that the affected area is searched for causalities.

Ensure that all non-essential workers in the affected area evacuate to the appropriate

assembly point.

Set up communication point to establish Radio/Telephone/Messenger contact as with

emergency control center.

Pending arrival of works site controller, assume the duties of the post in particular to:

o Direct the shutting down and evacuation of plant and areas likely to be threatened

by emergency.

o Ensure that the outside emergency services have been called in.

Ensure that the key personnel have been called in.

Report all significant development to the Site Main Controller.

Provide advice and information, as required to the Senior Officer of the Fire Brigade.

Preserve evidence that would facilitate any subsequent inquiry into the cause and

circumstances of emergency.

Dy. Incident Controller will carry out above said duties in absence of Incident Controller.

7.3.2. Site Main Controller

Site Main Controller will be overall in-charge of emergency organization:

Duties of Site Main Controller:

Relieve the Incident Controller of responsibility of overall main control.

Co-ordinate ECC or if required, security for raising evacuation siren and also all clear siren,

in case emergency is over.

Declaration of major emergency ensures that outside emergency services will be called

and when required nearby firms will be informed.

Ensure that key personnel will be called in.


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Exercise direct operational control on parts of the works outside the affected area.

Maintain a speculative continuous review of possible development and assess these to

determine most possible cause of events.

Direct the shutting down and evacuation of plants in consultation with key personnel.

Ensure causalities are receiving adequate attention; arrange for additional help if required.

Ensure relatives are advised.

Liaison with Chief Officers of the Fire and Police services for providing assistance in

tackling the emergency.

Ensure the accounting of personnel.

Control traffic movement within the work.

Arrange for a chronological record of the emergency to be maintained.

During prolonged emergency, arrange for the relief of the personnel and provision of

catering facilities.

Contact the local office to receive early notification of impending changes in weather

conditions, in case of prolonged emergency.

Issue authorized statements to the news media and informs H.O.

Ensure that proper consideration is given to the preservation of evidence.

Control rehabilitation of affected areas after control of the emergency.

7.3.3. Other Key Personnel

The key personnel required for taking decision about further action for shutting down the plant,

evacuate the personnel, and carry out emergency engineering works in consultation with Site

Main Controller in light of the information received.

HOD’s /Senior Managers/ Section Heads will be responsible for safety, security, fire, gas and

pollution control, spillage control, communication system including telephone, wireless etc. Also,

medical services, transport, engineering, production, technical services, will form part of advising

team.

Emergency Response Team


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The role of Emergency Response Team members is to actually combat the emergency at the site

and control the emergency situation and carry out rescue operations.

All team members will be thoroughly trained to deal with fires, explosions, chemical spills and

atmospheric releases, first aid. As per priority list during emergency, the activities will be carried

out as per emergency control plan.

Emergency Personnel’s responsibilities Outside Normal Working Hours of the Factory.

The duties of Shift In-charge & team members have been brought out in emergency control plan.

All team members after evacuating the area shall report to ECC/ Incident Place. The non-essential

workers shall be evacuated from the plants if need arises and this will be determined with the

forcible rate with which incident may escalate. Non-essential workers shall assemble at the

earmarked/specified point of assembly.

Assembly Points

At the proposed plan, at least 2 assembly points will be identified and marked properly.

7.3.4. Emergency Control Centre

It will be headed by Site Main Controller, HOD – PD, HOD- P&A and it is sited in Office of Site

Main Controller in Admin Building & New security office (after office hours), which is readily

accessible & with minimum risk, equipped with telephone facilities and other announcements

extra communications facilities needed. It has enough means to receive and transmit information

and directions from site main controller to incident controller and other areas. In emergency

control centre due to its safer location and advantage of easier accessibility, all necessary

personnel protective equipment’s firefighting extinguishers will be stocked in sufficient quantity.

Role of Emergency Control Centre

In case of mishap or accident like fire, toxic gas leakage, explosion in the factory, The Emergency

Control Centre will be Office of Head- Operations

The plot plan indicating all the activities in the factory premises including that of storage’s

utility services, production area, administration, will be kept for ready reference, showing

the location of fire hydrant and firefighting aids.

Normal roll of employees, work permits, gate entries and documents for head count,

employees blood group, other information and addresses will be available and the person,

who will handle this operation will HOD P & A.


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Stationery required is available in the Control Centre (ECC) and HOD (P & A) looks after it

The requirement of personnel protective equipment and other material, like torches, have

been worked out and the quantity required during emergency will be kept in the Control

Room (ECC). The responsible person for maintaining the said requirement/inventory will

be HOD- HSE.

7.3.5. Fire & Toxicity Control Arrangements

The plant will be well equipped with suitable numbers of firefighting and personnel protective

equipment. The staff will be trained regularly to handle the various emergency situations.

7.3.6. Medical Arrangements

Availability of first aid facilities in sufficient quantity will be always ensured. In case of emergency

arrangements will be made to avail outside medical help immediately. Emergency transport facility

will be available.

7.3.7. Transport & Evacuation, Mutual Aid Arrangements:

Transport & Evacuation and Mutual Aid arrangements will be available in the factory.

7.4. Communication System

7.4.1. Declaring the Emergency

In case of any emergency in the plant, speedy and effective communication of the same to all

concerned in lEast possible time is the most important aspect of any emergency-handling plan.

An early communication increases the chances of control of emergency in the bud stage. Blowing

siren will be adopted as method of communication of emergency, to all employees in the plant.

Types of Sirens

Three different types of sirens have been identified for communication of emergency.

Alert Siren: Single Continuous Siren for One Minute. This indicates that there is some accidental

happening in the plant. All have to become alert. Incident controller will be rush to the site of

emergency. Plant area people have to start safe shut down. Rescue team and other emergency

control teams have to reach at the site of emergency.

Siren for evacuation: wailing & waning siren for three minutes. This siren indicates that

emergency is of serious proportion and everybody has to leave his work place. All people having


195

their role in emergency control have to assume their assigned role. All non-essential workers have

to proceed immediately to assembly area and wait for further instruction.

All clear siren: Long continuous siren for two minutes. This is a sign of return of normalcy. On

hearing this siren everybody should go back to his or her respective workplace.

Location of Siren

Siren will be located in centre of the plant for wide coverage of the whole campus. Switch for siren

will be provided at security gate. The switch at Security gate should be operated only as a general

rule.

Emergency manual call bell will be installed which will be used in case of total failure of electricity.

It is responsibility of HOD (HSE) to maintain the upkeep of electric call bell and HOD- Security

and administration to maintain manual and Hand operated siren.

Raising Alarm

Any person noticing any emergency situation in the plant should immediately call security gate

with following information:

Identify oneself

State briefly the type of emergency i.e. whether fire, explosion, toxic gas release etc.

Give the location of the incident

Estimated severity of the incident.

Security personnel after ensuring genuineness of the call shall raise the ALERT SIREN. At the

same time he will also contact the incident controller and ECC in order and inform about the

incident. He will keep the gate open and rush his two security personnel at the site of emergency.

ECC will be located at the office of Head- Operations on normal working hours and at Security

gate after normal working hours (during night). ECC shall be immediately manned on hearing

alert siren. If the authorized people to handle ECC are not available, any senior most people out

of the available person nearby shall occupy ECC till authorized person comes.

Incident controller, on hearing alert siren or by any other way of information of the emergency,

will immediately reach at the site of incident and assess the situation. He will immediately give his

feed back to ECC. ECC shall direct security gate to raise evacuation siren, if the need arise.


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SIREN FOR EVACUATION shall be raised on instruction from Site Main Controller or any

Manager of the plant in the ECC.

Security gate person will be authorized to raise ALL CLEAR SIREN on instruction from Site Main

Controller or ECC, after the emergency is over.

Incident controller shall assume the responsibility of site main controller in his absence

7.4.2. Internal Communication

It shall be responsibility of ECC to communicate to all employees in the plant. They may take help

of telephone operator for such communication. However, telephone operator can directly

communicate information about emergency to all internal departments, if such message comes

from incident controller or site main controller. Telephone operator will continue to operate the

switchboard advising the callers that staffs are not available and pass all calls connected with the

incident to ECC.

Availability of Key Personnel Outside Normal Working Hours

The details of key personnel availability after working hours will be made available at Security

Gate, ECC, telephone operator as well as production units. Security personnel shall call required

key personnel from their residence in case emergency occurs outside normal working hours.

Availability of emergency vehicle / Ambulance will be ensured to fetch the key personnel residing

outside. It will be the responsibility of HOD (P & A) to maintain it.

To the Outside Emergency Services

Decision to call outside help to deal with emergency like fire brigade, ambulance, police, etc.,

shall be taken by Site Main Controller. However, in absence of Site Main Controller, if the incident

controller realizes the situation going out of control, he may ask for immediate help from outside.

ECC will be responsible for calling help from outside. A list of emergency services available in the

area with their telephone numbers will be provided at ECC, at Security gate and with telephone

operator. Facilities such as phones, emergency vehicle, and security personnel will be available

to help calling outside emergency services and authorities.

7.4.3. Communication to the Authorities

The emergency will be immediately communicated to the government officers and other

authorities such as SPCB, police, district emergency authority, Factory Inspectorate, hospital etc.

by Emergency Control Centre.


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To Neighbouring Firms & the General Public

In case of emergency having its outside impact, public will be cautioned regarding the same. Co-

ordination of police will be sought for speedy action. This is to be ensured by ECC.

7.5. Pre-emergency activities

Internal Safety survey with regard to identification of hazards, availability of protective

equipment’s, checking for proper installation of safety devices will be carried out periodically.

Periodic pressure testing of equipment

Periodic pressure testing of lines.

Periodic safety/relief valve testing

Periodic fire hydrant system testing.

Mock drill to check up level of confidence, extent of preparedness of personnel to face

emergency is being contemplated.

Regular training is being imparted to all personnel to create awareness.

Adequate safety equipment will be made available.

Periodic check-up of emergency lights.

Safer assembly points will be identified.

Storage of adequate first aid treatment facilities.

Statutory information is imparted to workers.

Post emergency activities:

Following post emergency actions will be carried out to study in detail and preventive measures

to be taken.

Collection of records.

Inquiries

Insurance claims

Preparation of reports comprising suggestion and modification.

Rehabilitation of affected personnel.


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Normalization of plant.

7.5.1. Evacuation and Transportation

In case of emergency, evacuation and transportation of non-essential workers will be carried out

immediately. The affected personnel will be transported for medical aid.

7.5.2. Safe Close Down

During emergency plant shut down will be carried out if situation warrants. This will be as per the

instruction of site main controller under guidance of incident controller.

7.5.3. Use of Mutual Aid

Mutual aid agreement with nearby industries will be ensures to provide help to each other in the

emergency,

7.5.4. Use of External Authorities

As and when necessary, statutory authorities, police, pollution control personnel, medical aid/

center, ambulance etc. will be contacted.

7.5.5. Medical Treatment

The affected personnel will be brought to safer place immediately to give them first aid. Immediate

medical attention will be sought.

7.5.6. Accounting for Personnel

Proper accounting for personnel will be laid down in all the shifts. The number of persons present

inside the plant premises, their duty etc. will be available with the P & A. This record will be

regularly updated and will be made available.

7.5.7. Access to Records

The relatives of affected personnel will be informed. The details regarding all employees will be

made available to Administration building.

7.5.8. Public Relations

In case of emergency, Manager P & A will be available for official release of information pertaining

to the incident.


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7.5.9. Rehabilitation

The affected area will be cleared from emergency activities only after positive ascertaining of the

system in all respects. The entry to affected area will have to be restricted until statutory

authorities visit and inspect the spot of incident. Nothing should be disturbed from the area till

their clearance. The site main controller will be in charge of the activities to be undertaken.

The plan will cover emergencies, which can be brought under control by the works with the help

of emergency team/fire services. The DISASTER CONTROL PLAN for gas leak and fire will be

prepared for entire factory.

7.6. Causes of Emergency:

7.6.1. Risk

Nature

In the plant, the nature of dangerous events could be of the following:

FIRE : Chemical/Electrical

TOXIC RELEASE : From chemicals & Chlorine gas.

LEAKAGES : Equipment, pipe lines, valves, etc.

Release of vapors like chlorine / bromine gas or hexane can result in highly toxic environment or

in fire or explosion.

Improper handling of products (raw materials/finished products)

Large spillage to ground floors resulting in pollution & fire.

Failures of Equipment / Instruments.

Release of safety valves or ruptures of vessels due to excessive pressures.

Various Emergency Actions

a. Onsite

Safe shut down of the plant and utilities.

Emergency control measures.

To attempt with the help of trained crew in firefighting to contain the fire spread up/gas

emission and limit within limited space.


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To cut off source of oxygen by use of firefighting appliances/to cut off source of gas

emission.

Cut off fall sources of ignition like electrical gadgets.

To protect fire prone area from the fire.

To remove material which can catch fire to the extent possible from fire prone area.

Evacuation of non-essential persons.

b. Medical Facilities/Treatment

The Plant will have a Health centre which is manned with trained male nurse on continuous

basis who can render medical first aid. Doctor will visit two times a week for two hour each

time. The Plant is searching for a full time medical officer and will appoint as and when

available.

Depending on seriousness the injured person shall be shifted to any other hospital.

Vehicle will be available round the clock for transportation. Ambulance will be also made

available in the campus on regular basis.

a. In the event of Fatal Accidents

The information shall be given to following authorities:

Inspector of Police

Inspector of Factories

Mamlatdar

Corporate Office

Regd. Office

Insurance the plant

Regional Officer, SPCB

b. Emergency Siren

Emergency siren shall be blown for announcing the emergency which shall have different sound

for identification/differentiation than the normally used for commencement of factory working etc.

Location of Siren : Above Plant.


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Type of Siren : Industrial Siren

Position of siren switch: Located at Main Gate

c. Seeking Help From Neighbouring Industries / Sources For Fire Engine

d. Advise for vacation of other areas

Since the effect of fire/gas emission shall be contained within the area of the plant advice of

vacation of other areas is not necessary.

Response Time-Minutes

Hazard Fire Fighting Police Medical Services

Fire & Explosion Immediate with

whatever facilities

available with the

plant

10 minutes 10 minutes

External Help

within 15 minutes

7.7. Off-Site Emergency Plan

7.7.1. Need of the Site Emergency Plan

Depending upon the wind direction and velocity of the effects of accident in factory may spread

to outside its premises. To avert major disaster, it is essential to seek guidance/assistance of

statutory authorities, police and health department. The movement of traffic may have to be

restricted.

Required information will be given to the authority and consultation will be sought for remedial

measures.

A purpose of the off-site emergency plan is:

o To provide the local/district authorities, police, fire, brigade, doctors, surrounding

industries and public the basic information of risk and environmental impact

assessment and appraise them of the consequences and the protection/prevention


202

measures and to seek their help to communicate with public in case of major

emergency.

o To assist district authorities for preparing the off-site emergency plan for district or

particular area and to organize rehearsals from time to time and initiate corrective

actions on experience.

7.7.2. Structure of the Off-Site Emergency Plan

Available with concerned authorities.

7.7.3. Role of the Factory Management

The site main controller will provide a copy of action plan to the statutory authorities in order to

facilitate preparedness of district/area off-site emergency plan.

7.7.4. Role of Emergency Co-ordination Office (ECO):

He will be a senior police or fire officer co-ordination with site main controller. He will utilize

emergency control center.

7.7.5. Role of Local Authority

Preparation of Off Site Plan lies with local authorities. An emergency-planning officer (EPO)

works to obtain relevant information for preparing basis for the plan and ensures that all those

organization involved in offsite emergency and to know their role and responsibilities.

7.7.6. Role of Fire Authorities:

The fire authorities will take over the site responsibility from incident controller after arrival. They

will be familiarized with site of flammable materials, water and foam applies points, firefighting

equipment.

7.7.7. Role of the Police and Evacuation Authorities:

Senior Police Officer designed, as emergency co-ordination officer shall take over all

control of an emergency. The duties include protection of life, property and control of traffic

movement.

Their functions include controlling standards, evacuating public and identifying dead and

dealing with casualties and informing relatives of dead or injured.

There may be separate authorities/agencies to carry out evacuation and transportation

work.


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Evacuation depends upon the nature of accident, in case of fire only neighboring localities

shall be alerted. Whole areas have to be evacuated in case of toxic release.

7.7.8. Role of Health Authorities

After assessing the extent of effect caused to a person the health authorities will treat them.

7.7.9. Role of Mutual Aid Agencies

Various types of mutual aid available from the surrounding factories and other agencies will be

utilized.

7.7.10. Role of Factory Inspectorate

In the event of an accident, the Factory Inspector will assist the District Emergency

Authority for information and helping in getting Neighboring Industries/mutual aid from

surrounding factories.

In the aftermath, Factory Inspector may wish to ensure that the affected areas are

rehabilitated safely.

7.8. Mock Drills and Records

7.8.1. Need of Rehearsal & Training

Regular training and rehearsal program of emergency procedures shall be conducted with

elaborate discussions and testing of action plan with mock drill. If necessary, the co-

operation/guidance of outside agencies will be sought.

7.8.2. Some Check Points

The extent of realistic nature of incidents.

Adequate assessment of consequences of various incidents.

Availability of sufficient resources such as water, firefighting aids, personnel.

The assessment of time scales.

Logical sequences of actions.

The involvement of key personnel in the preparation of plan.

At least 24 hour’s covers to take account of absences due to sickness and holiday,

minimum shift manning.


204

Satisfactory co-operation with local emergency services and district or regional emergency

planning offices.

Adequacy of Site.

7.8.3. Records and Updating the Plan

All records of various on-site and off-site emergency plans of the factory will be useful alone with

those of the factors by which statutory authorities draw a detailed plan for the whole area/district.

The records of the activity will be updated regularly.


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CHAPTER 8. PROJECT BENEFITS

8.1 Introduction

Due to the proposed project, 64 nos. of local peoples and outside peoples will get employment

during the construction phase and additional 30 peoples will be employed during the operation

phase. Local people will be given preference for almost all the jobs in the Plant, direct as well as

indirect. Economic status of the local people will be improved due to the increased business

opportunities, thereby, making a positive impact. Educational, medical and housing facilities in

the study area will considerably improve. Therefore, social infrastructure of the study area will be

improved. The company will also do following developmental activities in the area: The proposed

Project does not involve any displacement of villages; however it will lead to development of the

region and increase in infrastructure facility. During the operation phases of the project a work

force will be needed which will include both skilled and unskilled people. Due to the proposed

project direct employment for local employees will be generated. Existing ancillary as well as

auxiliary industries would be benefited by way of getting additional work. In addition to direct

employment, indirect employment will generate ancillary business to some extent for the local

population. Due to the proposed Project, facilities are likely to grow with the development. There

is a positive effect due to improved communication and health services, which have lead to

economic prosperity, better educational opportunities and access to better health and family

welfare facilities. There will be beneficial effect on human settlement due to employment

opportunities from the industry.

Local quality of life will be improved. This factor combined with all other mitigation measures like

proper treatment and disposal of wastewater, hazardous waste and gaseous emission has

minimized the adverse impact on ecology and had a beneficial impact on human settlement and

employment opportunities. There has been a beneficial impact on the local socio-economic

environment. The increasing industrial activity will boost the commercial and economical status

of the locality up to some extent.


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CHAPTER 9. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

9.1 Introduction

The environmental impacts of projects or actions generally encompass a broad range of impact

from Air and Noise pollution to affect on employment and neighbourhood as well as on social

structure. All of these impacts vary in magnitude as well as in their beneficial or adverse

classification. As a result, a natural question arises as to what is the “collective” or “overall”

environmental impact of the project or action taken. Is the project beneficial or is it adverse? To

answer such a question requires a comparison of these impacts and to some extent subjective

evaluation of those impacts which are more important than others. Environment Impact

Assessment as detailed in previous chapter can now be concise to impact statement given below.

Air Environment

Meteorological data collected during the study period confirms that climatic Status of the study

area is consistent with the regional meteorology. Average concentration of ambient air quality

parameters such as PM10, PM 2.5, SO2 and NOx in the surrounding study area are well within

the permissible limits as prescribed in the National Ambient Air Quality (NAAQ) Standards for

respective residential rural areas and industrial areas. Evaluated GLCs due to the proposed air

pollution load in proposed stack. When added to the monitored existing ambient air quality,

provides the expected ambient air quality when the proposed stack will be in operation and the

same indicates that expected AAQ are well within the permissible limit of National Ambient Air

Quality Standards for residential rural areas as well as industrial areas. It is concluded from the

above that there will be a minor impact on the AAQ of the surrounding environment due to

operation of the proposed project.

Water Environment

The total fresh water requirement for the proposed project is 2.7.KLD. The water will be met

through the existing bore well. The quality of the water was tested at 7 locations in the study area.

The ground water norms were compared to IS: 10500 (1991) for evaluation. The domestic effluent

(2.1 KLD) is treated through STP.

Wastewater Generation & Disposal:

For the proposed manufacturing activity, the total water consumption will be 2.7.KL /Day.

From that the domestic water consumption will be 2.7 KL/Day • Industrial water consumption will

be Nil.


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The industrial wastewater generation will be 0.95 Kl/Day

From That 2.1 KL/Day Domestic wastewater will goes to STP

Industrial wastewater 0.95KL/Day will go to ETP & finally it will be evaporated in Evaporator to

achieve Zero discharge.

Thus, it can be concluded that negligible impact on surrounding water environment is caused.

Further, it is emphasized that all precautionary measures have to be strictly adhered as mentioned

in the Environmental Management Plan given in Chapter 6, to maintain ground water quality within

norms in the future.

Noise Environment

Base line data indicates that noise levels in the study area are not on higher sides. Noise level in

and around plant site were measured. Measured noise levels within premises indicate that overall

noise levels are within the Damage Risk Criteria. The company will provide ear-protecting

devices/ earplugs for working personnel exposed to high noise level. It can be concluded that

there will be no impact on the noise level of the surrounding environment.

Hazardous Wastes

As per the Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Amendment Rules, 2003, all necessary

control steps for each type of Hazardous Wastes generated from the proposed project will be

taken. Therefore, no impact of hazardous wastes generation on surrounding soil environment is

anticipated. Due to the proposed project the, land use pattern; land cover and topography of the

area will be changed only within the premises.

Ecology

The proposed project will be carried out on land within their premises without cutting of any trees.

Also, the project site is expansion project, So it does not alter the crop pattern and natural

vegetation of the surrounding area. Due to the safe control technology of air pollutants, liquid

effluents and solid/hazardous wastes disposal, no impact on the surrounding ecology is

anticipated.

Socio - Economic Environment

The proposed project will generate direct employment for employment persons. The indirect

employment will be generated by way of transportation, shopkeepers and other casual

employment. Implementation of this plant will also reduce production loss due to shortage of


208

power. Thus, the proposed project will have significant positive impacts on the employment

pattern of the study area.

9.2 Conclusion and Recommendations

Based on the environmental impact assessment conducted, the following recommendations are

made:

Since regulations are fast changing in India, the project proponent must keep himself or

herself updated with respect to applicable laws and take appropriate actions in case the

provisions in some regulations undergo change.

The impacts envisaged due to construction activities will be for short limited period. Impact

due to operational activities, systems of periodic auditing and reporting shall be adopted

during the operation period to ensure that the system adheres to the EMP.

The project proponent and its team of consultants and contractors are urged to develop a

strategy for effective communication with local people. The construction team/ developer

should effectively follow the suggestions made in the EMP and/ or any other environmental

measures so as not to damage the environment of the project area.

CSR activities should be further strengthened.


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CHAPTER 9. DISCLOUSER OF CONSULTANT

Declaration by Experts Contributing to this Report Declaration by Experts Contributing to the

Environmental impact assessment and Risk assessment for Expansion of manufacture @700

MT/Month of Saturated & Unsaturated Resins at survey no.1963/185/24-B-paiki, village: Mankol,

Tal: Sanand: Ahmedabad, Gujrat-382 110.

I, hereby, certify that I was a part of the EIA team in the following capacity that developed the

above EIA.

EIA Coordinator

Name: Astha Bishnoi

Signature:

Functional Area Experts & Team Members

Functional Areas Name of the

expert

Involvement Signature

Air Pollution

Monitoring &

Control (AP)

Astha Bishnoi Site visit, assistance in selection

of monitoring locations,

checking air quality data,

evaluation of results of Ambient

Air Quality Monitoring (AAQM)

Air Quality

Modelling and

Prediction (AQ)

Rajni Oshan Assistance in air quality

modelling and prediction: met

file generation and model run

Water Pollution

(WP)

Astha Bishnoi

Akruti Patel (Team

member)

Site visit, assistance in selection

of sampling locations for surface

water sampling, water balance

for the project and contribution

to EIA documentation


210

Ecology and

Biodiversity

Conservation (EB)


of sampling locations and

contribution to EIA

documentation

Risk and Hazards

(RH)

Prabhat Kumar

Srivastava

Site visit, Identification of

modeling scenarios,

consequence modeling using

PHAST, finalization of DMP,

contribution to RA / DMP

Documentation and contribution

to EIA documentation

Soil Conservation

(SC)


of sampling locations and

contribution to EIA

documentation

Land use (LU) Akruti Patel Development of land use maps

of study area using GIS / related

tools, site visit for ground truth

survey, finalization of land use

maps.

Declaration by the Head of the accredited consultant organization/ authorized person

I, Bhadresh S. Rana, hereby, confirm that the above-mentioned experts prepared the EIA report

of Expansion of manufacture @700 MT/Month of Saturated & Unsaturated Resins at survey

no.1963/185/24-B-paiki, village: Mankol, Tal: Sanand: Ahmedabad, Gujrat-382 110. I also confirm

that the consultant organization shall be fully accountable for any mis-leading information

mentioned in this statement.

Signature:

Name: Bhadresh S. Rana

Designation: Proprietor

Date post:	27-Jan-2023
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