Enguri Dam Visit Summery

Trip Organizer: Georgian Technical University,. Hydro technical structure’s and hydro energy management ., Civil engineering department,. Subject: Enguri Dam Trip Summery Date: 6,27,2015-6,28,2015 Location: Jvari town, Georgia

Introduction

Following report is based on physical attendance of the writer to POTI Sea port , Rioni river Watershed and Enguri dam , and also conversations with technical crew members of named place’s during the tour visit ,. This article contain experiences and points which was interesting to the writer ( like type of roads , Tunnels and so on …) In the beginning I would like to apologize for any indeliberately mistake or grammatical inaccuracy in the article ,. I would gladly appreciate to receive your valuable idea’s and comments regarding to the article by following contact info ,. Email : has.private2@gmail.com Phone : +995 593 940 705

Enguri Dam is a hydroelectric dam on the Inguri River in Georgia. Currently it is the world's second highest concrete arch dam with a height of 271.5 meters (891 ft) It is located north of the town Jvari. It is part of the Inguri hydroelectric power station (HES) which is partially located in Abkhazia, the separatist region of Georgia,. The Inguri hydroelectric power station (HES) is a cascade of hydroelectric facilities including, in addition to the dam - diversion installation of the Inguri HES proper, the near-dam installation of the Perepad HES-1 and three similar channel installations of the Perepad HESs-2, -3, and -4 located on the tailrace emptying into the Black Sea. While the arch dam is located on the Georgian controlled territory in Upper Svanetia, the power station is located in the Gali District of region Abkhazia of Georgia Inguri HES has 20 turbines with a nominal capacity of 66 MW each, resulting in a total capacity of 1,320 MW. Its average annual capacity is 3.8 TW/h, which is approximately 46% of the total electricity supply in Georgia as of 2007

Country Georgia

Location Jvari

Coordinates 42°45′36″N 42°01′48″E:

Status Operational

Construction began 1961

Opening date 1987

Owner(s) Enguri Ltd

Dam and spillways

Type of dam Arch dam

Impounds Inguri River

Height 271.5 m (891 ft)

Power station

Operator(s) Chernomorenergo

Turbines 5 × 264 MW

Installed capacity 1,320 MW

Annual generation 3.8 TWh

Poti Sea Port

is a major seaport and harbor off the eastern Black Seacoast at the mouth of the Rioni River in Poti, Georgia.

Its UN/LOCODE is GEPTI and is located at 42°9′18″N 41°39′16″E

The Poti seaport is a cross point of the Trans-Caucasian Corridor/TRACECA, a multinational project which connects

the Romanian port of Constanţa and Bulgarian port Varna with the landlocked countries of the Caspian region and Central

Asia.

In April 2008, Georgia sold a 51 percent stake of the Poti port area to the Ras Al Khaimah Investment Authority (RAKIA), a

company owned by the emirate of Ras Al Khaimah, a member of the United Arab Emirates(UAE). RAKIA was tasked with

managing the new port terminal and, through its Georgian subsidiary RAKIA Georgia Free Industrial Zone LLC, with

developing a Free Industrial Zone (FIZ) in a 49-year management concession. The new FIZ was officially inaugurated by

the President of Georgia Mikheil Saakashvili on 15 April 2008. In 2009, RAKIA UAE acquired the remaining 49 percent

stake of the port. However, following the Dubai debt crisis of November 2009, Sheikh Sheikh Saud Bin Saqr decided to sell

off most assets held abroad in October 2010.This focus on domestic priorities was prompted by the disputed succession

in Ras Al Khaimah following the death of Saud's father, Sheikh Saqr Bin Muhammad Al Qasimi, and the need for Saud Bin

Saqr to provide for his subjects. Subsequently, 80 percent of the port was sold in April 2011 to APM Terminals, a unit

of Denmark's A.P. Moller-Maersk. On 8 September 2011, RAKIA Georgia FIZ decided to alienate 15 percent of its shares in

favor of Georgian businessman Gela ("Zaza") Mikadze in recognition of his management, making him a minority partner in

the FIZ. Mikadze owns these shares through the UK based Manline Projects LLP company, which is owned by offshore

companies belonging to Mikadze

Summery

First day 6,27,2015

Trip started on 6,27,2015 to the destination "POTI PORT" placed on city Poti , after around 4 hrs being in road group reached the place ,. Interesting points of the new roads was concrete base roads constructed on highway of E60-S1 (silk road) which constructed by GOMACO Company ,. The E60 motorway has a long and fabled history, almost as long as the road itself, which stretches from Brest, France,

across the countries of Germany, Austria, Hungary, Romania, Switzerland, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan,

Uzbekistan, and ending in Irkeshtam, Kyrgzstan. It follows the ancient route of the Silk Road, a 6437 kilometer (4000 mi)

long trade route for transporting goods, like silk, from China to different parts of the world. The start of the Silk Road is

dated back to second century BC.

It's still an important trade route today. The country of Georgia is investing heavily in their highway structure, including

rebuilding the E60, or their East-West Highway across the country. Ashtrom International Ltd., based out of Israel, was

responsible for rebuilding 25 kilometers (15.5 mi) of the old highway, the section connecting Igoeti to Sveneti. It would be

rebuilt as a new, four-lane highway and slip forming would be introduced to the country as a way of producing quality

concrete roadways more efficiently and cost effectively.

By our arrival to sea Port POTI , we've met the "APM TERMINLS Company" representative's which lead us to the port , unfortunately regarding to lack of special equipment's(special shoe's , … ) we were not able to take a close look to equipment's and constructions but they arranged a bus tour to the costume area ,.

Strategically-located, Poti Sea Port is the largest port in Georgia handling liquid and dry bulk, ferries as well as containers.

It has 15 berths, with total berth length of 2900 meters and more than 20 quay cranes.

The port currently serves as the European gateway for international trade in Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan, and is

ideally located to become a future hub for Central Asia trade.

Poti Sea Port has experienced high growth over the last decade and the fundamentals for continued solid growth remain.

APM Terminals Poti will operate Poti Sea Port in a joint venture with RAKIA. The company plans investments in upgrading

and expanding the port facilities to meet APM Terminals’ world-class performance levels in productivity and safety.

In following figure’s you can find some of equipment’s and constructions of the seaport (Fig A-1 , A-2 , A-3)

Fig A-1

Penstock is a sluice or gate or intake structure that controls water flow, or an enclosed pipe that delivers water to hydro turbines and sewerage systems Manometer is an instrument that uses a column of liquid to measure pressure

Fig A-2

Fig A-3

Penstock is a sluice or gate or intake structure that controls water flow, or an enclosed pipe that delivers water to hydro turbines and sewerage systems Manometer is an instrument that uses a column of liquid to measure pressure

After visiting seaport of Poti and in the way to enguri dam , group visited "Rioni River Watershed " which

is a flood control construction , due to explanations of our technical leader , regarding to floods which

periodically happened in city nearby , constructing several gate's in a raw ,which has automatic control

system that in case of increase of water level will displace and will be vertical ( it will be close) and the

gates of the other side will be in horizontal statue and will guide flood to the other direction,.

In following figure's you may find the geometric points (benchmarks) placed in different levels of the

construction in order to monitor deformation and movement of structure, (Figure B-1), in same figure

you can find out the deformation which already happened to the structure (vertical movement of two

slab place next to each other), (Figure’s B-2, B-3, B-4 is regarding to river watershed)

Fig B-1

Fig B-3

Fig B-2

Penstock is a sluice or gate or intake structure that controls water flow, or an enclosed pipe that delivers water to hydro turbines and sewerage systems Manometer is an instrument that uses a column of liquid to measure pressure

Fig B-4

By visiting “Rioni river watershed “ and being in the way to enguri dam , team arrived to “Enguri Hotel “

around 20.00 hrs. , inestimable view’s and weather was the very early trait of Enguri dam , as well

having a very great night with our Georgian hostess was memorable ,.

Second day 6,28,2015

By the start of second day , team moved toward Enguri dam Galleries placed in downstream of the dam

, First stop was in the Galleries which ended up to” VALVE HALL ”that controll leading water to electro

station , the valves maintained in order to shutting off the main tunnel in case of emergency or for the

repair , interesting notes in “Valve Hall “ was its approximately 25 meter height of the Hall very deep

inside the mountain and the Overhead Crane “ placed on top of the structure ,.

Valve Hall contain two main steel power tunnel (Penstock1) with the radius of 6.00 Meter’s which will

join together and continue their 15 KM way to hydro electro station ( HES) by a 9.00 Meter concrete

tunnel ,.

In Figure C-1,2 the Penstock’s are shown ,.

Each Penstock contains pressure measurement equipment’s and “ By Pass pipe’s” and as well hydraulic

jack’s in order to displace the valve’s , each jack has approximate force of 40 ATM in order to displace

the valve’s during operation time ,. (Fig C-3,4)

By pass pipes placed on top of each penstock in order to maintain the inside pressure of the power

tunnels in time of displacing the valve’s , as well there is at least 3 “manometer 2 ” on each penstock

which will show the pressure of the designated area placed on it ,.(Fig C-5,6,7,8,9)

also there was manometer’s attached to the walls in different locations inside galleries in order to

monitor filtration water pressure(Fig C-10) plus the whole’s placed on top of galleries in order to

discharge the filtration water in approximate 20 meter distance to each other ,.

Drainage water which is coming out of the wholes placed on top of galleries will gather in canal’s

(Fig C-11,12)placed in both sides of tunnel and covered by concrete blocks and will lead the water

outside of the gallery ,.

Gallery entry

C-1, C-2 Penstock’s

C-3,C-4 Valve’s displacement hydraulic jack’s

C-5, C-6 By pass Pipes

C-7Valve’s displacement hydraulic jack’s

C-8Manometer placed on Penstock C-9 Manometer placed on bypass

C-10Manometer attached to gallery’s wall

C-11Whole’s embedded on the top of gallery

C-12Canal’s to control drainage water

plumb-bob or a plummet is a weight, usually with a pointed tip on the bottom, that is suspended from a string and used as a vertical reference line, or plumb-line. It is essentially the vertical equivalent of a "water level". DSD NOELL is a company of DSD Steel Group GmbH and specializes on hydromechanical steel equipment for

navigational shipping, barrages and waterpower plants.

After visiting the galleries , Technical leader guided us to the downstream of the Dam where Spill Ways ,

Stilling basin and galleries of the body of dam were placed ( Fig D-1), Enguri dam has 10 spillway gage

which will provide 1000 M3/S discharge ability ,in time of visiting only one of the gates were open

which was discharging 100 M3/S water to the downstream river , Enguri dam has the height of 271.5 M

which will mostly become full in April and May , by the time of visiting , the elevation of water in

reservoir was around 246 M ,.

Thanks to our technical leader, we were able to go through the galleries in dam’s body and monitor the

measurement device’s placed inside the dam , due to the shape of the dam , there is several

measurement device’s in different levels of the dam in order to measure the movement and

displacement of the dam’ body , so that upstream-downstream and left bank-right bank

displacement can be measured ,.

In Fig D-4 , plumb lines1 were used in galleries in order to monitor the displacement by reading the

data from them every day and comparing them to other data from geodetic networks is shown ,.

Normally the measuring instruments which is using in dams is as follow :

plumb lines (a weighted wire suspended in the topmost gallery and held taut at the bottom of the shaft by a 150 kg weight) with 26 points for taking readings, so that upstream-downstream and left bank-right bank displacement can be measured*

Inverted plumb lines used to check for displacements in the foundation of the dam

Rock meters to measure settlement or heave in the foundation of the dam

Manometers for pressure tapping with measurement of infiltration rates

Uplift measurement devices situated upstream of the drainage gallery

Level meters placed at the bottom of the structure and in the bottom gallery to measure water infiltration*

Piezometer tubes to gauge the water pressure or head

Geodesic measurement network

After visiting measurement devices and spillways , we headed to management building of the dam

which is constructed on right bank of the dam ,there we had pleasure of meeting the director of the

dam and he explained about the history of construction of the dam , rehabilitation’s and HES of Enguri

dam.

As mentioned enguri dam has 10 spillway gage’s which rehabilitated by The DSD Steel Group GmbH2 ,

European Commission financed a program to replace the initial stoplog and the hoist by a much more

sophisticated gate, facilitating maintenance of bottom outlets in 180 meter below water level in the

reservoir. Compared to the initial design, which was a fully static and regular stoplog, the new solution

had to integrate retractable wheels and cone jet valves and an oil power system, remotely operated

from the dam crest, utilizing a multifunctional cable with power conductors and optical fibers to

facilitate the placing of the gate even against a waterflow of up to 5 m3 per second. Full access is also

made possible to the hydraulic and electric compartments, integrated in the gate, from downstream

side of the dam through the outlet tunnel. For Enguri Arch Dam DSD NOELL designed, supplied, erected

and tested during 2004-2006: – 1 gate of 200 tons, approx. 10 x 10 m( Fig D-4), with incorporated cone

jet valves – 1 hoisting structure(Fig D-5) with lifting rods, hoisting capacity 3,000 kN – 1 set control

equipment ,.

The gates will be open usually in April and May when the reservoir are experiencing maximum water

level and will discharge the water to D.S ,.

Another interesting point which the technical member’s mentioned was about Trash’s and debris

floating on the reservoir, due to environment of the area there will be huge amount of three’s and

trash’s floating on reservoir , they mentioned that by the special equipment which is provided in order

to collect these trash’s they will gather most of them and will place them nearby the main road to the

upstream and they will let the local people to come and collect the debris which is mostly woods , the

benefit is in reducing the costs in transporting , displacing and eradicating the trash’s ,.

Unfortunately due to the conflict between Abkhazian republic and Georgia which happened in 2008 , the Enguri dam’s HSE which is 15 KM to the east of the dam is now placed on Abkhazia’s boarder and we were not able to visit the HSE ,however from the crest of the dam , the Structure and control building of the penstocks which lead the water to HSE was visible ( Fig D-7)

With the lifetime of the hydroelectric dam being extended through refurbishment, Engurihesi Ltd. required reliable, well supported excitation systems employing the latest technology. As a result Voith Siemens who were performing the generator refurbishment chose BRUSH PRISMIC® DCP Excitation Systems to replace the aging excitation systems at Enguri HES. BRUSH PRISMIC® was commissioned to replace all five of the excitation systems at Enguri HES. One excitation system was delivered in 2004, two excitation systems in 2005 and remaining two systems in 2009. As of 2009, two generators are operational and the excitation systems were commissioned in November 2006 and December 2007. A third generator is nearing refurbishment and BRUSH PRISMIC® will commission the excitation system in 2009. BRUSH provided four cubicles for each system to Engurihesi. One cubicle contains a static excitation controller, two combined power rectifiers with forced air cooling and the last is a field circuit breaker. The installed units comply with various Harmonized European Standards. The excitation voltage is supplied from a step down transformer, rectified in the excitation set and regulated to a set reference voltage. The excitation systems are controlled either from the local operator console or central control room over Profibus DP allowing easy control of the sets.

D -1 D-2 Spillways

D-3 view of spillways D-4 , plumb lines

D-5 , plumb line’s D-6 Galleries in body of Dam

D-7 Control room

By ending the visit of the crest of dam , our tour to enguri has finished and team head back to Tbilisi ,.

I would like to thanks to administration of Georgian Technical University for all the trouble

that took to arrange accommodation and return journey reservations for us on our visit to

Enguri Dam.

I hope this report will be helpful for the community of engineers and all users that may find

this article useful , kindly notice that I’ll greatly appreciate your feedbacks and idea’s

regarding the article ,.

At the end I would like make special thanks to Mr. Hossain sabouri due to his valuable idea’s and

cooperation in time of writing this article ,.

Hassan Sabouri

7,1,2015

Contact info :

Email : has.private2@gmail.com

Tel : +995 593 940 705