Feasibility and Prospect of Traditional &Diversified Jute Products (wearable & nowearable) of Bangladesh in National and

International Market.

Textile Talent Hunt-2012Organized by Bangladesh Textile TodayFeasibility and Prospect of Traditional &Diversified Jute Products (wearable & nowearable) of Bangladesh in National and

International Market.

Prepared BySubrata Majumder

Daffodil International UniversityTTH ID: DIU-01

TTH Merit position: 27

Supervised ByMr. Abrar Ahmed ApuAssistant Professor

Department of Textile EngineeringFaculty of Science and Information Technology

Daffodil International University

Textile Talent Hunt-2012Organized by Bangladesh Today Textile

Acknowledgement

At first I desire to express our deepest sense of gratitude of

almighty Allah.

With profound regard I gratefully acknowledge my respected

Supervisor, Mr. Abrar Ahmed Apu, Assistant Professor, Department of

Textile Engineering, Daffodil International University for his

generous help and day to day suggestion during preparation of the

report. I like to thank especially my friends and many individuals,

for their enthusiastic encouragements and help during the

preparation of this report by sharing ideas regarding this subject

and for their assistance in typing and proof reading this

manuscript. And Thanks to TTH body and Bangladesh Textile Today and

Amin And Jahan Corporation for giving such chance to create a

better future.

Abstract

Jute was, once, the golden fiber of Bangladesh not only for the

rich golden color of the fiber but also, metaphorically, for jute’s

valuable contribution to the country’s economy. Up to mid-twentieth

century, about 80% of the world’s jute was produced in Bangladesh

and it was the country’s highest foreign currency earner till early

80s. But, the emergence of petroleum-based synthetic substitutes,

which were many times cheaper and convenient to use, quickly took

over the market of jute. In 1980-81, jute and jute products jointly

earned 68% of the country’s total foreign exchange; the share came

down to 6% in 1990-91. The dramatic decline of jute’s share in

Bangladesh’s export earning can partly be explained by the export

growth of other industrial sectors, e.g. garments and the increase

in remittance inflow. But, the substantial fall in jute’s price and

world demand was also largely responsible for the decline, which

had a huge impact on the livelihoods of poor jute growers in the

country. As Bangladesh’s economy was mainly agro-based, jute was

the only source of cash for millions of Bangladeshi farmers.

Consequently, the falling price of jute had a disastrous impact on

their lives. Gradually, the area under jute cultivation stared to

decline. At present jute is produced only in the core areas, where

the production volume and quality are the best and where there is

no other alternative to producing jute. Falling demand of jute

goods also forced the world’s largest Jute mill – Adamjee – to

close down, leaving thousands of jute mill workers jobless. The

importance of jute in Bangladesh cannot be ignored. About 1.2

million farmers are still directly associated with jute

cultivation. Jute sector provides about 10% of total employment in

the economy. For last 3/4 years, jute sector has been experiencing

a slight revival. Growing awareness about environment around the

world in recent years, along with the volatile price of petroleum,

is bringing new market opportunities for jute.

So, it is the high time to exploit the growing world market

opportunities of jute to bring back the lost glory of Golden Fiber

of Bangladesh.

Table of Content

Topic Page No1.Introduction

---------------------------------------------------------------1.1. What is Jute?

--------------------------------------------------------

1.2. History of Jute ------------------------------------------------------

1.3. Features of jute fiber -----------------------------------------------

1.4. Jute cultivation and processing -----------------------------------

1.5. Objectives of the project ------------------------------------------

1.6. Methodology of the project ---------------------------------------

1.7. Scope of the study --------------------------------------------------

1.8. Limitation of the study --------------------------------------------

112344455

2. Prospects of jute production----------------------------------------------

2.1 Jute product ----------------------------------------------------------2.2 Why using jute product------------------------------------

666778

---------2.3 Jute

production-------------------------------------------------------2.3.1 Global

Production--------------------------------------------

2.3.2 Local Production-------------------------------------------

3. Jute Market and Trade---------------------------------------------------- 3.1 Present Market Condition------------------------------------------ 3.1.1 Local Market-------------------------------------------------- 3.1.2 International Market------------------------------------------ 3.1.3 Competition in the market----------------------------------- 3.2 Reasons of Undeveloped Jute Sector (BJMC) of Bangladesh 3.2.1Management:------------------------------------------------- 3.2.2Planning:------------------------------------------------------ 3.2.3 Leadtime----------------------------------------------------- 3.2.4 Jute Buying or Purchasing:-------------------------------- 3.2.5Productivity:---------------------------------

101010101112121212121213131313

---------------- 3.2.6 ProductionProcess:----------------------------------------- 3.2.7Power:--------------------------------------------------------- 3.2.8Maintenance:------------------------------------------------- 3.2.9Worker:-------------------------------------------------------

4. Ending-----------------------------------------------------------------------

4.1 Recommendation----------------------------------------------------4.2 Conclusion------------------------------------------------------------4.3

Reference-------------------------------------------------------------

14141415

1. IntroductionJute is the natural fiber that can be obtained from nature

directly. It is so called bio-degradable fiber that the today’s

world is expecting to use mostly to greening this world. Basically

jute is a class of Textile Fibers and literally jute fiber is

called Bast fiber. In Bangladesh, jute cultivation has been being

produced since the prehistoric period and this had been being

developed day by day through our forefathers. In the present world,

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the demand of bio-degradable product is growing higher and higher

due to the environmental issue. So jute is considered as the best

replacement of those products, because jute is the best bio-

degradable natural fiber. Bangladesh is the biggest jute fiber

producing country in the world. So, there is a golden scope of

producing and exporting various traditional and diversified jute

products throughout the world by using this “Golden Fiber”.

1.1 What is Jute?Jute, a natural fiber, has been in use for various purposes over

the centuries throughout the world. It is the bark of a slender

tropical plant belonging to Tiliaceae family with two species Corchorus

capsularis and Corchorus olitorius. Breakthrough in textile technology

during the industrial revolution helped jute emerges as an amazing

fabric from its traditional image of a raw material for cordage and

rope. Since then the innumerable additions, modifications and

innovations in manufacturing process turned jute into as

indispensable material for an unconventional uses. The process of

developing diversified use of jute still goes on unabated despite

the challenge and threat from its synthetic substitutes.

Jute is one of the most affordable natural fibers and is second

only to cotton in amount produced and variety of uses of vegetable

fibers. Jute fibers are composed primarily of the plant materials

cellulose (major component of plant fiber) and lignin (major

components of wood fiber). It is thus a ligno-cellulosic fiber that

is partially a textile fiber and partially wood. It falls into the

bast fiber category (fiber collected from bast or skin of the

plant)

Jute has entered many diverse sectors of industry, where natural

fibers are gradually becoming better substitutes. Among these

industries are paper, celluloid products (films), non-woven

textiles, composites, and geotextiles. Diversified byproducts from

jute can be used in cosmetics, medicine, paints, and other

products.

1.2 History of JuteBangladesh and West Bengal in India are the world's main jute

producers, with Myanmar and Nepal producing much smaller

quantities. In India and Bangladesh some 4 million farmers earn

their living - and support 20 million dependents - from jute

cultivation, while hundreds of thousands work in the jute

manufacturing sector.

For centuries, jute has been an integral part of culture of Bengal,

in the entire southwest of Bangladesh and some portions of West

Bengal. During the British Raj in the 19th and early 20th

centuries, much of the raw jute fiber of Bengal was carried off to

the United Kingdom, where it was then processed in mills

concentrated in Dundee. Initially, due to its texture, it could

only be processed by hand until it was discovered in that city that

by treating it with whale oil, it could be treated by machine. The

industry boomed ("jute weaver" was a recognized trade occupation in

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the 1901 UK census), but this trade had largely ceased by about

1970 due to the appearance of synthetic fibers.

Margaret Donnelly, a jute mill landowner in Dundee in the 1800s,

set up the first jute mills in Bengal. In the 1950s and 1960s, when

nylon and polythene were rarely used, one of the primary sources of

foreign exchange earnings for the erstwhile United Pakistan was the

export of jute products, based on jute grown in East Bengal

(Present Bangladesh). Jute has been called the "Golden Fiber of

Bangladesh." However, as the use of polythene and other synthetic

materials as a substitute for jute increasingly captured the

market, the jute industry in general experienced a decline.

During some years in the 1980s, farmers in Bangladesh burnt their

jute crops when an adequate price could not be obtained. Many jute

exporters diversified away from jute to other commodities. Jute-

related organizations and government bodies were also forced to

close, change or downsize.

The long decline in demand forced the largest jute mill in the

world (Adamjee Jute Mills) to close in Bangladesh. Bangladesh's

second largest mill, Latif Bawany Jute Mills, formerly owned by

businessman, Yahya Bawany, was nationalized by the government.

Farmers in Bangladesh have not completely ceased growing jute,

however, mainly due to demand in the internal market. In between

2004–2010, the jute market recovered and the price of raw jute

increased more than 500%.

In 2006, the General Assembly of the United Nations proclaimed 2009

to be the International Year of Natural Fibers, so as to raise the

profile of jute and other natural fibers.

1.3 Features of jute fiber Jute fiber is 100% bio-degradable and recyclable and thus

environmentally friendly.

It is a natural fiber with golden and silky shine and hence

called The Golden Fiber.

It is the cheapest vegetable fiber procured from the bast or

skin of the plant's stem.

It is the second most important vegetable fiber after cotton,

in terms of usage, global consumption, production, and

availability.

It has high tensile strength, low extensibility, and ensures

better breathability of fabrics. Therefore, jute is very

suitable in agricultural commodity bulk packaging.

It helps to make best quality industrial yarn, fabric, net,

and sacks. It is one of the most versatile natural fibers that

has been used in raw materials for packaging, textiles, non-

textile, construction, and agricultural sectors. Bulking of

yarn results in a reduced breaking tenacity and an increased

breaking extensibility when blended as a ternary blend.

The best source of jute in the world is the Bengal Delta Plain

in the Ganges Delta, most of which is occupied by Bangladesh.

Advantages of jute include good insulating and antistatic

properties, as well as having low thermal conductivity and

moderate moisture regain. Other advantages of jute include

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acoustic insulating properties and manufacture with no skin

irritations.

Jute has the ability to be blended with other fibers, both

synthetic and natural, and accepts cellulosic dye classes such

as natural, basic, vat, sulfur, reactive, and pigment dyes. As

the demand for natural comfort fibers increases, the demand

for jute and other natural fibers that can be blended with

cotton will increase. To meet this demand, some manufactures

in the natural fiber industry plan to modernize processing

with the Rieter's Elitex system. The resulting jute/cotton

yarns will produce fabrics with a reduced cost of wet

processing treatments. Jute can also be blended with wool. By

treating jute with caustic soda, crimp, softness, pliability,

and appearance is improved, aiding in its ability to be spun

with wool. Liquid ammonia has a similar effect on jute, as

well as the added characteristic of improving flame resistance

when treated with flame proofing agents.

Some noted disadvantages include poor drapability and crease

resistance, brittleness, fibre shedding, and yellowing in

sunlight. However, preparation of fabrics with castor oil

lubricants result in less yellowing and less fabric weight

loss, as well as increased dyeing brilliance. Jute has a

decreased strength when wet, and also becomes subject to

microbial attack in humid climates.

1.4 Jute cultivation and processingTo grow jute, farmers scatter the seeds on cultivated soil. When

the plants are about 15–20 cm tall, they are thinned out. About

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four months after planting, harvesting begins. The plants are

usually harvested after they flower, before the flowers go to seed.

The stalks are cut off close to the ground. The stalks are tied

into bundles and soaked in water (retting) for about 20 days. This

process softens the tissues and breaks the hard pectin bond between

the bast & Jute hurd (inner woody fiber stick) and the process

permits the fibers to be separated. The fibers are then stripped

from the stalks in long strands and washed in clear, running water.

Then they are hung up or spread on thatched roofs to dry. After 2–3

days of drying, the fibers are tied into bundles. The suitable

climate for growing jute is a warm and wet climate, which is

offered by the monsoon climate during the fall season, immediately

followed by summer. Temperatures ranging from 70-100 °F and

relative humidity of 70%-80% are favorable for successful

cultivation. Jute requires 2"-3" of rainfall weekly with extra

needed during the sowing period.

1.5 Objectives of the projectThe project is focused on the feasibility of the jute diversified

product and it’s local and international market demand. The main

objectives of the study are as follows:

To promote the Bangladeshi traditional and diversified jute product in local and global market.

To improve the present situation of the undeveloped jute sector

To focus on the poor agricultural infrastructure To focus on the trade and business relations among the

competitive countries To focus on the policies of government about jute cultivation,

production and trade.

To focus on the problems surrounding the jute sector. To find out the problems surrounding the jute mills and the

causes of the sudden close of the mills despite the huge demand of jute product in both local and global market.

To advertise the jute product to increase the use of environment friendly and biodegradable jute product.

1.6 Methodology of the projectTo complete the successful project work I had to meet the farmers

and the relevant personnel to collect and organize the agricultural

data. I had to visit and access over the virtual sites to gather

the information on the jute market. I also had to meet the

officials of the relevant organizations and industries. Of them

BJRI, BJMC, Shohag Jute Industries Ltd. Etc. are important.

1.7 Scope of the studyThis study is focused on the growing demand of the jute product all

over the world and promoting our country to the advancement of the

traditional and diversified jute product to meet the market by

improving the infrastructure in this sector and also regaining the

lost crown of producing and exporting products of Golden Fiber.

1.8 Limitation of the studySince the study is based on both primary and secondary data, there

is a possibility of getting fake information. If the surveyed

personnel provide me with any fabricated information about their

opinion of their organization, then the report findings may be

erroneous. Above all, this study is weak in some points. The

questionnaire contains some questions that, if answered properly,

might damage the company’s image. In this type of questions, the

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respondents might provide socially acceptable answers. This risk

was unavoidable. Another limitation of this study is the person’s

private information were not disclosing some, data and information

for obvious reasons, which could be very much useful. Another

limitation of the study is lack of experience in this field.

People are introvert to talk with the out comers. Lack of

knowledge among the people, lack of funding in research work –

these are also some of the limitation of the study.

2. Prospects of jute production2.1 Jute productIn Bangladesh we have been producing traditional and basic jute

products. But today various types of Hi-Tech and diversified jute

products are produced from jute all over the world and as well as

in Bangladesh. Jute Goods can ideally be used as:

Bags and sacks for packing all kinds of agricultural produces,minerals, cement etc.

Packs for packing wool and cotton; Wrapping materials / fabrics; Carrier and backing fabric for carpet and linoleum; Cordage and twines; Webbing to cover inner springs in auto-seats and upholster

furniture; Cargo separator in ship; Cloth for mine ventilation and partition; Filling material in cable; Roofing and floor covering apparel; Footwear lining; Wall covering and furnishing fabric; m. Fashion accessories; Soil erosion control fabric and many more. Geotextile

2.2 Why using jute productEach year, farmers harvest around 35 million tonnes of natural

fibers from a wide range of plants and animals from sheep, rabbits,

goats, camels and alpacas, from cotton bolls, abaca and sisal

leaves and coconut husks, and from the stalks of jute, hemp, flax

and ramie plants. Those fibers form fabrics, ropes and twines that

have been fundamental to society since the dawn of civilization.

But over the past half century, natural fibers have been displaced

in our clothing, household furnishings, industries and agriculture

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by man-made fibers with names like acrylic, nylon, polyester and

polypropylene. The success of synthetics is due mainly to cost.

Unlike natural fibers harvested by farmers, commonly used synthetic

fibers are mass produced from petrochemicals to uniform strengths,

lengths and colors, easily customized to specific applications.

Relentless competition from synthetics and the current global

economic downturn impact the livelihoods of millions of people who

depend on natural fiber production and processing. That is why the

International Year of Natural Fibers 2009 aims at raising global

awareness of the importance of natural fibers not only to producers

and industry, but also to consumers and the environment.

The emerging "green" economy is based on energy efficiency,

renewable feed stocks in polymer products, industrial processes

that reduce carbon emissions and recyclable materials. Natural

fibers are a renewable resource. Growing one tonne of jute fiber

requires less than 10% of the energy used for the production of

polypropylene. Natural fibers are carbon neutral. Processing

produces residues that can be used in bio-composites for building

houses or to generate electricity. At the end of their life cycle,

natural fibers are 100% biodegradable.

From the above reasons we can easily realize the importance of

using products made of natural fibers like jute and other natural

fibers such as Abaca, Alpaca, Angora, Camel, Cashmere, Coir

(Coconut Fiber), Cotton, Flax, Hemp, Mohair, Ramie, Silk, Sisal,

Wool. Apart from this Dubbed the "golden fiber", jute is long, soft

and shiny, with a length of 1 to 4 m and a diameter of from 17 to

20 microns. It is one of nature's strongest vegetable fibers and

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ranks second only to cotton in terms of production quantity. Jute

has high insulating and anti-static properties, moderate moisture

regain and low thermal conductivity.

It flourishes in tropical lowland areas with humidity of 60% to

90%. A hectare of jute plants consumes about 15 tonnes of carbon

dioxide and releases 11 tonnes of oxygen. Yields are about 2 tonnes

of dry jute fiber per hectare.

2.3 Jute productionJute is a rain-fed crop with little need for fertilizer or

pesticides. The production is concentrated in India and some in

Bangladesh, mainly Bengal. The jute fiber comes from the stem and

ribbon (outer skin) of the jute plant. The fibers are first

extracted by retting. The retting process consists of bundling jute

stems together and immersing them in slow running water. There are

two types of retting: stem and ribbon. After the retting process,

stripping begins. Women and children usually do this job. In the

stripping process, non-fibrous matter is scraped off, and then the

workers dig in and grab the fibers from within the jute stem.

2.3.1 Global ProductionIndia, Pakistan, China are the large buyers of local jute while the

United Kingdom, Spain, Côte d'Ivoire, Germany and Brazil also

import raw jute from Bangladesh. India is the world's largest jute

growing country.

Here is a table to show the scenario of world jute production:

Country Production(Tonnes)

India 17,43,000Bangladesh 12,00,600People's Republic of China

40,000

Myanmar 30,000Uzbekistan 20,000Nepal 16,988Vietnam 8,800Thailand 5,000Sudan 3,300Egypt 2,200World 28,33,041

2.3.2 Local ProductionThe Ganges delta contributes more than 80% of the jute production

in the world. The Ganges delta can be sub-divided into the

following geo-graphical regions in terms of jute growing:

Jat Area (Brahmaputra Alluvium): This comprises part of the

districts of Dhaka, Mymensingh, Tangail, and Comilla of Bangladesh.

The area annually receives fresh deposit of silts carried down by

the flood water. Soils are acidic, the texture varies from sand

loam to clay loam. According to commercial quality, the best

quality Jute, the Jat type, grows in this area.

District Area (Ganges Alluvium): This comprises part of the

districts of Kushtia, Jessore, Khulna, Rajshahi, Pabna, and Dhaka

of Bangladesh and major portion of West Bengal of India. This area

Top ten jute producers — 2008

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has soil of slight alkaline clay loam to light loam in gray to dark

gray color. The type of Jute grown in this area is known as

District Jute, which is next to Jat Jute in order of quality. The

jute fiber grown in this region is further divided into two major

varieties, such as: Hard District Jute and Soft District Jute.

Northern Area (Teesta Silt): This comprises part of Dinajpur,

Rangpur districts, East Bogra, and Sirajganj of Bangladesh and some

parts of West Bengal of India. The region has sandy soil with low

moisture retention capacity. Soil retention is slightly acidic.

Northern type of Jute is inferior quality of the three commercial

types.

Fig: Jute Growing Areas in Bangladesh

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3. Jute Market and Trade3.1 Present Market ConditionPresent market of jute trade is passing through a mixed economic

situation. Local and international both the markets are facing ups

and down even having a huge demand of jute and various traditional

and diversified jute products.

3.1.1 Local MarketBangladesh holds the 2nd position as a Jute producer in the world

with the average production of Jute of an amount of 1.08 m

ton/Year.

More than 85% of world production of Jute is cultivated in the

Ganges Delta & having the major portion of it. Bangladesh became

the largest producer of Raw Jute or Jute Fiber in the world. For

centuries, Bangladeshi Jute had and still has demand in the

international market for higher quality fibers. This fact makes

Bangladesh the major exporter (80%+ market share) of Jute Fiber in

the world; while India has nominal dominance over export of Raw

Jute Fiber. Total average export earning from jute & jute goods is

US$ 611 million (60 lakh bales)/Year. And average export value of

raw jute is US$ 140 million. Earnings from jute and jute product

exports hit the billion dollars mark for the first time in the

country's history this year. Jute sector is contributing 4.68

percent in export earning last fiscal year and two per cent

increase during last two years. Govt. targets to double jute

production in 2011-12 season.

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3.1.2 International MarketThe size of the global jute yarn import market is estimated at

4,50,000 tonne , with Bangladeshi spinners accounting for around 80

per cent of the supply. World consumption of jute averaged

approximately 3.4 million tonnes during the period 1970 to 2000.

Over the last 30 years, the growth in jute consumption slowed

substantially because of the introduction of bulk handling of goods

in transportation and storage and the development of synthetic

substitutes. Trade in both fibre and products contracted sharply

over the last 30 years following concentration of consumption in

the major producing countries. Exports of jute in the form of

fibers and products have fallen to about 1.1 million tonnes at

present against about 2.0 million tonnes in early 1970s. Only about

35 percent of the world production of jute now enters the world

trade which generates some US$500 000 per year. Main export market

for raw jute is Pakistan and that of products is the European Union

followed by the Near East countries.

3.1.3 Competition in the marketThere are mainly two competitor of Bangladesh in jute and jute

product exporting. The charts below will clarify the present market

competition among these countries.

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Fig: Production of Jute - '000 tonnes

Fig: Jute Apparent Consumption - '000 tonnes

Fig: Year 2000 - Jute: Export Value (Million US $)

The above comparison shows that the position of Bangladesh in the

jute market and trade is not quite satisfactory despite of having a

rich tradition and fame in this sector. If the present situation

goes on we will certainly loose the market of jute and as well as

the long tradition of trading Golden Fiber.

3.2 Reasons of Undeveloped Jute Sector (BJMC) of BangladeshThe Govt. Jute mills of Bangladesh Jute Mills Corporation (BJMC)

are being developed day by day. But the development speed is not as

satisfactory as the money is being invested. There are some crucial

facts are hidden as the reasons that threatens the Jute Mills.

3.2.1 Management:

A Management needs adequate qualified personnel to be run properly.

But if we see the Jute Mills under BJMC we see; there are a huge

gap has been created. Jute Industry is basically a huge

organization which is to be run with lots of peoples. The people

who are currently managing or governing Jute Industries; maximum of

these are not educated. Some important posts are occupied by

uneducated peoples who are not enough knowledgeable to run a mill

efficiently.

3.2.2 Planning:

To operate any project well planning must be applied. How much

order will be taken upcoming year accordingly will purchase jute

and make stock. We must fill our target capacity by taking order

and purchasing Jute. But there is no proper planning in our mills

to ship order and to purchase jute.

3.2.3 Lead time

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Due to various reason mills cannot maintain specified lead time for

any particular order. Then we will suffer shipment problem of all

order. We have to take care on lead time for all orders to maintain

as per planning.

3.2.4 Jute Buying or Purchasing:

Previously we could not purchase our required amount of jute on

time. For this reason we had to expense extra money against the

particular order, which causes goods with higher prices. To be

competitor in jute world market price must be reasonable. To do

this job jute stocks have to be sufficient and quality will be

finer.

3.2.5 Productivity:

Productivity is our main problem but we are taking action on

production, productivity is being neglected. We get higher output

with investing more than sufficient input which cannot make a

production profitable. We might think how factory overhead,

manufacturing cost may be reduced as well as raw materials.

3.2.6 Production Process:

We are observing lot of wastage being formed in our jute mills

which are controllable. Besides many machinery have been idle but

necessary action has not been taken to replace or repair these. We

are straightly stopping production of these machines which looses

our capacity.

3.2.7 Power:

We don’t have alternate power supply if general power supply is

failed which losses our production directly with comparing our

demand. Production is directly related with power but within 40

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years after liberation we could not arrange generator or alternate

power supply to operate mill fluently without stopping production.

3.2.8 Maintenance:

Maintenance should have to be daily, weekly, monthly and yearly if

required instantly. But in our mills we are not doing preventive

maintenance as usually. Just doing break down sometimes

overhauling. This negligence on maintenance is reducing machine’s

efficiency. As we are not arranging new machines so with lower

efficient machinery our capacity is being reduced.

3.2.9 Worker:

Worker is the main asset of Industry. We are developing in

industrial sector due to lower labor cost but our labors are

unskilled and uneducated. They are not performing their allocated

job efficiently. To develop their mentality we are not as usually

taking any training or motivation aspect.

4. Ending4.2 RecommendationSome obstacles like political and other management issues are

leading the jute sector to a very uncertain future, which should be

eradicate immediately to keep competition in the market. On the

other hand the BJMC Mills should be run with proper maintenance and

research and development should be made to find out and solve the

remaining problems of BJMC mills for which the mills are getting

closed day by day. Farmer issue is a big issue in jute cultivation.

Actually in our country the farmers are not encouraged enough to

cultivate jute. They are paid very little amount as the price of

selling jute. Some middle men are benefited by buying and selling

jute. For this reason the farmers have to sell the jute at a very

poor price, but at the same time the factory owners have to buy the

same jute at a very high price. On the other hand still now we have

to import jute seed from India to cultivate jute. This is a very

big question for me and for the whole nation that why we are buying

or importing jute seed from India when we already have BJRI for

this work and a rich tradition and history of jute cultivation.

4.3 ConclusionGlobally jute is the second most important vegetable fiber after

cotton in regard to terms of usage, production, and availability.

Jute fiber is a totally natural biodegradable and compostable fiber

obtained from the jute plant and it is therefore an extremely

attractive renewable resource for those who give top priority to

environmental and ecological concerns. Bangladeshi jute are

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traditionally being used in packaging of food grade materials, but

now it mainly used for various shopping bags, promotional bags,

geo-textiles and so on. Bangladesh produces the finest quality

natural jute fiber. As such Bangladeshi jute product manufacturer

or exporter has an extra advantage in manufacturing top grade jute

bags or jute products by using best quality natural fiber.

Growing international interest for diversified and lifestyle jute

products have prompted Bangladeshi jute manufacturers and exporters

to develop value-added jute products like handicrafts, shopping

bags, beach bags, sports bags, travel bags, wine bags, jewelry bags

etc.

4.4 Reference

1. Shohag Jute Industries; www.shohagjute.com2. Handbook on Agricultural Technology of Jute, Bangladesh Jute

Research Institute3. Bangladesh Journal of Jute and Fiber Research, Volume –XXVIII;

No. 2; 2008, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute4. Annual Technical Report-Technological Research on Jute; 2010-

2011; Bangladesh Jute Research Institute5. http://www.bjmc.gov.bd 6. http://articles.textileclass.com/jute-textiles/ 7. http://www.naturalfibres2009.org/en/fibres/jute.html 8. http://www.naturalfibres2009.org/en/iynf/index.html 9. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jute 10. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jute_cultivation 11. http://goldenfibrebd.net/content/jute_and_bangladesh.html 12. http://www.bestjute.com/ 13. http://www.experiencebangladesh.com/bangladesh-business-

jute.php14. http://www.worldjute.com/ 15. http://www.jute.org/worldnews_details.htm 16. http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/Y4343E/y4343e03.htm

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