Gwich'in Topical Dictionary

**** Gwichyah Gwich 'in & Teet/ 'it Gwich 'in Dialects

Sixth Edition

Prepared by:

Gwich 'in Social and Cultural Institute

Teetl'it Zheh, NT

March 2009

!11

I I

I

is

Grammar

Mr.

the promotion,

in

Mr. William G. Firth

Mr. Firth

mentation and

as are awa is

n

or

in

this particular language

This Gwich'in Topical Dictionary contains information spoken in either one of the

communities aforementioned. Two dialects are represented here being the

it Gwkh'in (Peel River dialect) and the Gwichyah Gwkh'in (Tsiigehtchic

dialect) Fort McPherson and igehtchic, respectfully. It is not only we

find these two dialects nating, but they are only more inent

dia with Mackenzie Delta and are spoken within commun we

Within our inology Sessions held throughout we have involved

ma with knowledge in different fields life on the land, medical, legal,

political and

time a

such areas

many

we find in the

as

in

in

as

well is a u

Numerous cou rs us with a

a

we some so we

wou just li it now.

within the Gwich'in and learni Gwich'in

lturallnstitute, the Gwich'in Tribal Council, the Mackenzie Gas Project, as well

as the Tl'oondih Healing Centre for their contributions over the years. A

huge thank you to Mrs. Eleanor Mitchell-Firth for all her effort in working

tirelessly on the end result the set up of the said dictionary. To other that

were involved over the course of

commended as well.

work on the dictionary are

"Tth'aih a t'ajiidinuu nakhwalak

il

juudin d

nii

tr' injik

di

ih di nakhwah ndaii n

gooveenjit a t'agwidi'ii gahkhwindaii. Jii njih tthak jidii nakhwehtat uujil

ekhe' nakhweenjit goonlii gooveenjit yiinjigwichid hah jii ginjih

vat'adohch'uh ji' it diinjiid K'egwaadhat vat'aii k' nakhweginjik

oo ji' gwiniint'aii gwik'it nagwiheedi Iii ijii.

nh n a

na it "

In a com re

Mr. liam G.

ih a la

Gwich'in Ginjlk Nekhwek'yuu h'ii I in

a lturall

Ugis Tsal I

Teett'it Zheh I McPherson, NT

OJO

Tt'yah I

i I i

Consonants

b

ch

ch'

d

dh

dl

dr

daa'aii

beebii

chee

ch'ii

dinjii

dhivii

dlak

drin vidrit

daadzaii

axe

baby

river bottom

mosquitoes

man

weasel

squirrel

day his/her leg bone

muskrat

common loon

No equivalent in English. sharp,

abrupt stop.

Same as .Qa.Qy

Same as English; .£hair

No equivalent in English. Similar to a

ch with a sharp, abrupt stop.

same as in English; .Qoor, .Qoctor.

Same as in English; this

Same as in English; sadly.

Same as in English; dream

Same as in English; adze.

f

g

dzhirh

frii ban

ligafii

geh

gugeh

bird

frying pan

coffee

rabbit snow goose

tog

Similar to gee with the g more drawn out.

Same as fin English; frying

Same as give, trigger.

gh vaghaii

aghan

his/her sister -in-law No English equivalent. Similar to flat r

gw gwaakal gwatat

war

the ground is bare

amonst it

ghw ooghwan it's growling

lyuu ghwaii rough ice

h han nver

ahtal grouse

J jak berry jal fish hook

k kant'ik moccasm uppers

kaiik'it community

in French rouge.

Same as in the English name; Gwendolyn

Similar to IQY in French royal.

Same as in Engish hat, has.

Same as in English just.

Same as in English kite.

m

n

nd

nJ

r

giikhii

akwat

lidii

nilii

luk ihlok

Canada goose

preacher, minister

fire

2 year old beaver

tea

meat

fish

once

maamaa mom, mother

amaa' breast

mmJn lynx ninleetth'ak your nng

ndak

nduh ts'aii

nJUU dinjik

teenjir

leth tr'ir

further back

across side

island

moose

half

sandbar (GG)

or a

Similar to German

Same as English @est, ill!een.

Same as English low, mellow.

Similar to 1 with air coming out of both

sides of the tongue.

Same as m in English mouse, milk.

Same as n in English need.

Sane as English nd in end, sand.

Same as nj in Puniab.

Same as in English read, ran.

s

sh

sr

t

t'

th

tl

tr

tr'

sheejii shat

srn gwahsri'

tah

vit

salt

older sister a scar

knife meadow

socks lake trout

nivee t'ah'ii soldier

vint'ii behind her/him

thal pants

thoh belt

daatleh soap (GG) tlee ointment (GG)

tl'yah rope

tl'oo grass

trah

daatrat

tr'iinin

etr'uu

merganser

it is shaking

a child

arctic tern

as

Same as in English

Equivalent to shr shrew, shroud.

Same as English.

Similar to English t with a sharp, abrupt

stop or a sharp breath.

Same as English thin, thick.

Similar to cl in clean, clear without

movement of the vocal chords.

Similar to tl with a sharp, abrupt stop.

Same as in English.

Similar to tr followed with a sharp, abrupt

stop.

ts

ts'

tsh

tth

tth'

v

y

zh

zr

ts'alvit

ts 'iivii

ihditshih

dzan tshi'

tthaa

tthak

tth'an

ejiitth'ak

vadzaih

van

yahkeh

yeelil

zhOh

Dehzhoo

zral

arctic loon

spruce tree

muskrat tail

mountain squirrel

all, everything

bone

he hears

caribou

lake

dawn

he is dragging it

wolf

snow on branches

shout

daazraii swan

drin

ts 'it

day

porcupme

Similar to ts with a sharp, abrupt stop.

Similar to a ch sound however,

heavier pronunciation on the ch.

Similar to t with a th as thin.

a

Similar to tth with a sharp, abrupt stop.

Same as in English

Same as in English.

Same as in English words vision, illusion.

Pronounced to zhr.

Same as in English grin, sin.

e

a

0

u

11

ee

a a

00

lat

oh

tsuk

luk

v1gn divii

chee teevee

daazraii aazrik

goots'an

blood smoke

fish trap snow

marten

fish

it's young sheep

river/lake bottom shoreline

swan wood shavings

theirs

as

Same as

Similar as English coke, poke.

Same as English, toot, boot, took.

Same as in English bee, see, knee.

Same as English bay, lay, way.

Similar to~ in Albert.

Same as English go.

uu

All

lyuu

uutsik

vowels

Ice p1eces dried fish

the placed under

Same as English moon, toque.

vowel as the following: !, ((, 'l, Q,

t!, iL (((;(, 'l'l, QQ, l.fl!, gives the vowel a nasal or 'n' sound.

Vowel Combinations:

ao gaolii I expect

eu dizheu cow moose

an taii trail, road, street

en gwileii She/he/it is poor

vatai' its' handle

Tone

Same as in English cow, town, pout.

Similar to English eh followed with oo.

Similar to English a withee following.

Similar to English eh with ee following.

Pronounced a with short English ee, with

a sharp, abrupt stop.

over it

zhoh snow zhOh wolf shuh drum shuh wart khah packsack khah war club shih grizzly bear shih food sryuh mconnu srylih robin

With words that are possessed, the tone mark would appear over the second set of consonants as the following.

srn knife vizrii' his knife ts'eh hat, cap vits'ee' his hat, his cap tah socks vitaa' her socks tr'ih boat vitr'ii' his boat

vowel in after the

*Any recopying of this or any material from the Gwich'in Social and Cultural Institute must have the full written permission of the Executive Director of GSCI.

i Ill

i 'i i I i i

Names

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3

4

A- a

n. kidney stone. the kidney'. Usage:

'stone

-chi'

n. muscle cramp. Lit: 'tightened muscle'. Usage: G.

ch'ii n. mosquito bite. Lit: 'mosquito

D-d

is biting them'. Usage:

n. muscle cramp. Lit: 'one's muscle is stretching'. Usage:

Diigyin elts'ik n. sore arm. Lit: 'one's arm is sore'. Usage: T.

diigho' Jat n. cavity (tooth). Lit: 'one's rotten teeth'. Usage: B.

Diikak gwijithitl'oo n. bruise. Lit: 'blue mark on one's body'. Usage: B.

diika'uujil n. rash. Lit: 'small bumps spread over the body'. Usage:

diik'ee chi' bah nehkaii n. gunshot wound. Lit: 's/he was wounded with a bullet'. Usage: T.

bah n. gunshot wound. Lit: 's/he was injured with a gun'. Usage: G.

'" .......... chilkat n. bone out of joint. Lit: 'a part of one's body came apart'. Usage: G.

- g

n. cross Usage: T

n. mosquito bite. . Usage:

'mosquito

n. mosquito bite. Lit: 'mosquito is biting me'. Usage: T.

n. frostbite. Lit: 'a part of the body froze'. Usage: T.

diini'mh hasr~h U'ee n. pain. Lit: 'pain on one's

body'. Usage: G.

diinjik dab n. bloody nose. Lit: 'blood on one's nose'. Usage: B.

lajiln~U n. broken leg. Lit: 'one's

broken leg'. Usage: G.

diitth'an lajilnaih n. broken leg. Lit: 'one's broken leg'. Usage: T.

5

n.

v.tr. sprain. Lit: 'it tore'. Usage: G.

H- h

haakat v. bone out of joint. Lit: of joint'.

I

L - I

Usage:

vine'tsahthak n. nausea. Lit: 's/he is nauseous'. Usage: B

h:tU goo'ah n. dog bite. Lit: 'the dog is biting

them'. Usage: G.

N-n

n. hunchback. Lit: 'crooked back'. Usage:

ghoh n. hunchback. Lit: 'rounded back'. Usage: T.

6

IS

Usage: T

n. swollen. 'it is swollen.'. Usage: B

laii guu'ah n. dog bite. Lit: 'the dog is biting them.'. Usage:

n. scab. Lit: 'scab'. Usage: G.

v. limping. limping'. Usage: G.

's/he is

ne'tanah'oh v. limping. Lit: 'S/he is limping.'. Usage:

ndeh 11. eye

~ sh

11. scar. Usage:

11. wart. Usage: G.

11. headache. Lit: 'I have a headache'. Usage: B.

11. pain (chest). Lit: 'sudden pain in my chest'. Usage:

11. scrape. Lit: 'my skin

n. pain (chest). Lit:

'I'm having chest pain'. Usage: G.

shigyin elts'ik 11. sore arm. Lit: 'my arm is sore'. Usage: G.

shigho' elts'ik 11. tooth ache. Lit: 'my tooth is sore'. Usage: B.

Ts' ~ ts'

ts'ik 11. ailment. Lit: 'sickness'. Usage: B.

Tth' ~

altraii 11. fractured bone. Lit: 'cracked bone'. Usage: T.

- v

VI!2:WIOUHIBK adj. injured. 's/he is injured'. Usage:

11. sore throat. is sore'. Usage: T.

n. sore

is sore'. Usage: G.

'my throat

Lit: 'my throat

""""''"" khagweedizhah 11. sty. Lit: 'my eye is swollen'. Usage:

shitrU 11. stomach ache. Lit: 'my belly is sore.'. Usage: G.

tajiits'ih 11. heartburn. Lit: 'it is burning inside me'. Usage: B.

shizrak elts'ik 11. stomach ache. Lit: 'my stomach is sore.'. Usage: T.

tth'an n. fractured bone. Lit: 'cracked

bone'. Usage: G.

7

8

A - a

n. caribou hide (tanned). Lit: 'tanned caribou '. Usage:

n. cow. Usage:

n. bone (pelvis). Lit: 'pelvis bone of caribou or moose'. Usage: T.

n. beaver (3 years old). Usage:

n. rump. Usage: B. [Note: refers to large animals such as caribou and moose]

n. bear (polar). Lit: 'polar bear'. Usage: T.

chehzhyee' n. bear (polar). Lit: 'polar bear'. Usage: G.

Ch' - ch'

ch'oo n. porcupine quills. Usage: B.

D- d

n. mouse. Usage: G.

n. bat. Lit: 'flying mouse'. Usage: G.

daatsoo natindit'ee n. bat. Lit: 'flying mouse'. Usage:

tat gwi'aak'ii n. buffalo. Lit: 'cow belonging to the woods'. Usage:

n. sheep (medium . Usage:

·'medium

n. moose (2-3 year old bull). Usage: T.

n. caribou (running bull October). Lit: 'it is smelly'. Usage: G.

n. caribou (running bull October). is smelly'. Usage:

atthat n. gland (scent). Usage:

n. mink. Usage:

chijundii n. monster. Lit: 'under water monster'. Usage:

dazhadh tsoo n. caribou (young bull ). Lit: 'light colored fur'. Usage: G.

"'"""""'" tsoo n. caribou (young bull ). Lit: 'light colored fur'. Usage: T.

n. moose. Usage: B.

dinjik dhoh n. moose hide. Usage:

dhoo n. moose (second largest bull). Lit: 'it carries its father's skin'. Usage: T.

9

Dh-

Dl -

Dz-

n. moose

n. sheep (lamb). one'. Usage:

'sheep's young

n. sheep (ewe). Lit: 'female sheep'. Usage: G.

n. weasel. Lit: 'weasel'. Usage:

n. squirrel. Lit: 'squirrel'. Usage: B.

n. muskrat. Usage: B.

dzan nilii n. meat (muskrat). Lit: 'muskrat meat'. Usage: G.

E - e

ech'yah vii n. fox (white). Usage:

10

n. bone (back leg). Lit: 'back leg of caribou or moose'. Usage:

n. antlers. Usage:

n. antler covering. Lit: 'antler skin'. Usage: [Note: a thin velvety coating covering the antlers]

zhoo n. antler covering. Lit: 'hairy antlers'. Usage: G. [Note: a thin velvety coating covering the antlers]

tsoo n. caribou calf Lit: 'light colored calf'. Usage:

n. Usage:

n. moose Usage:

n. shrew. Lit: 'Refers a long tail and sharp nose.'. Usage:

tth~li' n. meat (muskrat). Lit: 'muskrat meat'. Usage: B.

eghe' n. animal hair. Usage: [Note: loose animal hair usually fallen from the animal.]

n. whale. Usage: G. [Note: Refers to the back fin of the whale.]

n. moose (bull). Lit: 'bull moose'. Usage: T.

choo n. moose (large bull). Lit: 'large bull moose'. Usage: B. [Note: this refers to the largest bull]

tsal n. moose (second largest bull). Lit: 'small bull moose'. Usage: G.

n. rabbit. Lit: 'rabbit'. Usage: B.

geh n. bunny. Lit: 'rabbit's young one'.

I -

Usage: G.

n. meat (rabbit). Lit: 'rabbit meat'. Usage: G. [Note: Ask at the next workshop]

n. animal fetus. Lit: 'sitting in the womb'. Usage: T.

n. stomach (inner). Lit: 'Inside the stomach.'. Usage: T. [Note: Refers to both animals and humans.]

iidheeghwat n. stomach (caribou & moose). Lit: 'caribou or moose stomach'. Usage: T.

iinehk'eh n. fat (inner rump). Lit: 'fat on the inside of caribou and moose rump'. Usage: T.

ik'eetthal' n. fat (inner rump). Lit: 'fat on the inside rump of moose and caribou'. Usage: T.

- k

kaleeluk n. whale. Usage:

Kh-

khada' aatsan n. caribou (young female). Usage:

n. moose (young cow). Lit: 'winter cow moose'. Usage:

n. meat (rabbit). 'rabbit meat'. Usage: B.

zheu n. bunny. Lit: 'young rabbit'. Usage: G.

n. bunny. 'young rabbit'. Usage: T .

.. .._,~na1u lik n. dog (husky). Lit: 'Inuit dog'. Usage: T.

Usage: G.

it'i' n. fat (back strip). Lit: 'fat on caribou or moose back strip'. Usage: T.

itrik n. stomach contents (caribou & moose). Lit: 'stomach contents of a caribou or moose.'. Usage:

izhuhchyaa' n. brisket. Lit: 'animal brisket'. Usage: T.

n. caribou (September bull). Lit: 'fall season'. Usage:

II

L - I

n. pig. Usage: [Note: borrowed French word (le cochon)]

L - I

n. dog. Usage:

n. dog. Usage: G.

laii n. dog (lead). Lit: 'sits at the front of the dogs'. Usage: T.

l~U chih dhidyee n. dog (lead). Lit: 'sits at the

front of the dogs'. Usage: G.

laii choo n. horse. Lit: 'big dog'. Usage: T.

n. horse. Lit: 'big dog'. Usage: G.

laii n. distemper. Lit: 'dog illness'. Usage: T.

N-n

needzak n. seal. Usage:

11. caribou (lean November bull). Usage:

12

11. pig. Usage: [Note: borrowed

French word (le cochon)]

'dog illness'. Usage:

G.

11. dog (wheel). Lit: 'dog

that sits near the toboggan'. Usage: G.

laiits'i' 11. dog (female). Lit: 'female dog'. Usage: T.

I~Uts'i' 11. dog (female). Lit: 'female dog'.

Usage: G.

leedidindii kim' 11. beaver colony. Usage: [Note: 15 beavers in 1 big house.]

11. beaver colony. Usage:

ligatsal 11. puppy. Usage:

n. fox. Lit: 'fox'. Usage: G.

tsoo n. fox (red). fox'. Usage: G.

· 'light colored

n.

Usage: G.

n. fox. Lit: 'fox'. Usage:

.. ..,,..,"""'" tsoo n. fox (red). 'light colored fox' . Usage:

n. Usage:

'Frog's young one.'.

n. wolverine. Lit: 'wolverine'. Usage: B.

..... "".~,,. • .,. n. moose (cow with calf). Lit: 'cow moose and calf together in one place'. Usage: B.

Sh - sh

sheh n. bear (grizzly). Lit: 'grizzly bear'. Usage: G.

sheh gii n. bear cub (grizzly). Lit: 'grizzly bear cub'. Usage: G.

shih n. bear (grizzly). Lit: 'grizzly bear'. Usage: T.

n. den (grizzly bear). Lit: 'grizzly bear den'. Usage: T.

shih n. bear cub (grizzly). Lit: 'grizzly bear cub'. Usage: T.

tsoo n. bear (brown). Lit: 'light colored bear'. Usage: T. [Note: Refers to a black bear, but the black bear has tints of red in its fur.]

n. bear (black). Lit: 'black bear'. Usage:

n.

zheu n. cat. . Usage:

n. cat. Lit: 'young . Usage:

n. beaver (3 years old). Usage:

nin n. animals. Usage: B. [Note: includes geese, ducks, etc, etc.]

n. fur. Lit: 'animal skin'. Usage: B.

tsal n. animal (small). Lit: 'small animal'. Usage:

n. fox (cross). Lit: 'dark colored'. Usage: T. [Note: fur has a colored layer which goes from underneath of light to the outer fur of dark.]

n. fox (cross). Lit: 'dark colored'. Usage: G. [Note: fur has a colored layer which goes from underneath of light to the outer fur of dark.]

shoh gii n. bear cub. Lit: 'bear's young one'. Usage: B.

shoh nilii' n. meat (bear). Lit: 'bear meat'. Usage: B.

shoh tsik n. bear (brown). Lit: 'light red colored bear'. Usage: [Note: Red colored bear, a brother to the black bear.]

shoh n. meat (bear). Lit: 'bear meat'.

Usage: G.

shohzhin' n. sheep (large ram). Lit: 'large ram'. Usage: G.

13

tl'

- tr

n. otter. Usage:

- ts

n. Usage: G.

n. beaver pelt. Usage: G.

n. meat (beaver). Lit: 'beaver meat'. Usage:

tse' n. meat (beaver). Lit: 'beaver meat'.

Usage: G.

tsee' n. beaver. Usage:

tsee' choo n. beaver (large). Lit: 'large beaver'. Usage: B. [Note: This word refers to the largest size beaver.]

tsee dhoh n. beaver pelt. Usage:

tsee tthai' n. meat (beaver). Lit: 'beaver meat'. Usage: T.

n. beaver castor. Usage: B.

ts'ee n. ground hog (low land). Usage: T.

tthaa n. ground (mountain). Usage:

14

n. marten. Usage:

dag*!U n. marten (white). Lit: 'white

marten'. Usage: G.

tsuk dak'aa n. marten (white). Lit: 'faded marten'. Usage:

tsuk tsoo n. marten (brown). Lit: 'light colored marten'. Usage:

tsuk zraii n. marten (black). Lit: 'black marten'. Usage: T.

tsuk zr*lii n. marten (black). Lit: 'black

marten'. Usage: G.

ts'it n. porcupine. Usage: B.

v v

n. caribou. Usage:

n. caribou (large male). 'big caribou'. Usage:

n. caribou (cow with nursing calf). Lit: 'caribou is nursing'. Usage:

n.

caribou'. Usage: G.

n. reindeer. Lit: 'white

caribou'. Usage: G.

vadzaih dehgaii n. reindeer. Lit: 'white caribou'. Usage: T.

vadzaih dhoh n. caribou hide. Usage: B.

vadzaih nichii n. caribou (large). Lit: 'large caribou'. Usage: T.

zhoh n. wolf. Lit: 'wolf'. Usage:

n. meat meat'. Usage:

'caribou

n. caribou (cow with no calf). Lit: 'older caribou'. Usage:

n. caribou (cow). caribou'. Usage:

n. caribou (cow). caribou'. Usage:

'female

vadzaih n. caribou (sedentary). Lit: 'caribou that stay one area all winter'. Usage:

dhidii n. dog (wheel). Lit: 'sitting on the toboggan side'. Usage: T. [Note: the harnessed dog nearest to the toboggan]

vihshadh n. ground hog (mountain). Usage: G.

vihshuu n. ground hog (mountain). Usage: T.

vinagwahgwim' n. caribou (spring bull). Lit: 'the beginning of spring'. Usage: T.

15

n. self

centered. Lit: 's/he only thinks of him/herself'. Usage: G.

adj. selfish. Lit: 's/he thinks only of him/herself'. Usage:

aiintsai' adj. greedy. Lit: 's/he is greedy'. Usage:

chilghoh ac!j. startled. Lit: 's/he was startled'. Usage: G.

Ch' - ch'

ch'et'agwiiniidhan n. love. Lit: 'to love one another'. Usage: T.

E - e

edihjil'eh n. confidence. Lit: 'to value oneself'. Usage: T.

- g

gahtr'idinjik adj. ignorant. Lit: 'a person who is not educated, or who does not take interest in learning.'. Usage: G.

16

adj. greedy. 's/he is greedy'.

Usage:

adj. gentle. Usage:

adj. lively. Lit: 'someone who is lively and talks allot'. Usage: T.

adj. silly. Usage: T.

ch'iitl'ee nilii adj. honest. Lit: 's/he is an honest person'. Usage:

v. worried. Lit: 'They are

worried.'. Usage:

adj. ambitious. Lit: 'they are lively'. Usage: T.

lS

Usage: T.

adj. encouraging. Lit: 's/he is encouraging them'. Usage:

n. respectful. Lit: 'be respectful

(commanding one person)'. Usage: G.

gwiintl'oh shoh nilii adj. happy (very). Lit: 's/he is very happy'. Usage: T.

gwiiyaa'an shoh goonlih adj. happier. Lit: 'there is more happiness'. Usage: G.

- h

Kh-

adj. thankful. Lit: 's/he is thankful'.

Usage:

adj. proud. Lit: 's/he thinks highly of him/herself. Usage: T.

adj. patient (tolerant). Lit: 'not in hurry'. Usage: T.

n.

's/he feels sorry for . Usage:

adj.

sympathetic. Lit: 'they are feeling sorry for them'. Usage:

n. animosity. Lit: 's/he is thinking badly of him/her'. Usage: T.

ihkak n. determined. Lit: 'I'm determined to do it'. Usage:

gwits'at tr'iinjii nilii adj. helpful. Lit: 's/he is helpful'. Usage: G.

khaiinjilzhah v. worried. Lit: 'I got worried.'. Usage:

adj. clever (fast learner). Lit: 's/he learns fast'. Usage: B.

17

Usage: T.

adj. selfish. Lit: 's/he only of him/herself. Usage:

adj. pride. Lit: 's/he thinks highly ofhim/herself. Usage: T.

N- n

adj. scared. Lit: 's/he is scared'. Usage:

adj. comforting. Lit: 'they are comforting each other'. Usage: T.

sheenHnjigah'eh v. worried. Lit: 'They are worried about me.'. Usage: T.

shoh adj. happy (s/he is). Lit: 's/he is happy'. Usage: B.

shoh nilii kwaa n. unhappy. Lit: 's/he is unhappy'. Usage: B.

T - t

tinji'dadhat v. worried. Lit: 's/he is thinking.'. Usage: G.

adj. gentle. Usage: T.

tr'igoojishinjik adj. lazy. Lit: lazy.'. Usage: T.

n. sadness. Lit: 'sadness'. Usage:

- tth'

18

v.

v. about it.'. Usage:

·'I am

n. self esteem. Lit: 'how s/he thinks of him/herself. Usage:

surprised'. Usage: G.

n. loneliness. Lit: 'loneliness'. Usage: G.

tr'iniizhii n. loneliness. Lit: 'loneliness'. Usage: T.

n. sadness. Lit: 'sadness'. Usage: G.

tth'an n. tense. 1s Usage: T.

U n

nilii n. shy. · 's/he is shy'. Usage:

- v

n. cranky. angry'. Usage: T.

· 's/he gets

adj. surprised. Lit: 's/he

was surprised'. Usage:

v. anger. Lit: 'anger'. Usage: T.

dagwahch'nn n. cranky. Lit: 's/he is cranky'. Usage:

vits'flt nees:ridilch'uh n. sympathetic. Lit: 'I feel sorry for him/her'. Usage: T.

vits'at nees:rit:r'ij~hch'nh adj. sympathetic.

Lit: 'they feel sorry for him/her'. Usage: G.

Y-y

yiinjit gwichil'ee adj. respectful. Lit: 's/he is respectful'. Usage:

Zh-

adj. miserable. Lit: 's/he is always angry'. Usage: G.

iiznn n. evil minded. Lit: 'bad minded'. Usage: T .

....... n""'""""" n. anxiety. Lit: 'his/her mind is always working'. Usage: T.

n. rational. Lit: 'His/her judgment is good.'. Usage: T.

n. evil minded. Lit: 'very bad minded'. Usage:

vizhik kwaa n. quiet person. Lit: 's/he doesn't talk'. Usage:

vizhit t:r'idagoodiich'nu adj. sad. Lit: 's/he is sad'. Usage: T.

adj. miserable. Lit: 's/he is always angry'. Usage:

19

20

11.

11.

friendly'. Usage: B.

lS

Lit: 's/he is

n. duck (old squaw). Usage:

n. grouse (ruffed). Usage:

- ch

n. swallow (tree, cliff). Usage: G.

n. feathers (down). Lit: 'down feathers'. Usage: G.

n. kingfisher. Usage:

n. feathers (down). Lit: 'down feathers'. Usage: G.

chiitat n. duck (harlequin). Usage:

D-d

daadzaii n. loon (common). Lit: 'common loon'. Usage:

n. loon (common). Lit: 'Common

Loon'. Usage: G.

n. ptarmigan (willow). Lit: 'willow ptarmigan'. Usage:

daago,R n. ptarmigan (willow). Lit: 'willow ptarmigan'. Usage: G.

n. ptarmigan (rock). Usage:

n. swan. Usage:

n. feather (wing). feather'. Usage:

n. kingfisher. Usage: G.

n. falcon (peregrine). Usage: G.

....u .. ""., .... n. longspur (Lapland). Lit: 'rain bird'. Usage: T.

n. arctic tern. Usage: G.

n. feathers (down). Lit: 'down feathers'. Usage: T.

daazr~U n. swan. Usage: G.

gahkhaa n. green winged teal. Lit: 'they knock swan down'. Usage: [Note: Tsiigehtshik elders also use the name Teal Duck.]

daazr~U gahkhah n. green winged teal. Lit:

'they knock swan down'. Usage: G.

"""''"' .. '"'" chaa n. woodpecker. Lit: 'One chops wood.'. Usage:

21

n. grouse (spruce). Usage: T.

chicken spruce ""'''"''"''"'"' any type of chicken]

n. turkey. Lit: 'big chicken'. Usage:

Dz ~

n. Jaeger (parasitic). Usage:

Dzh ~

n. bird. Usage:

choo n. bird (big). Lit: 'big bird'. Usage: B.

dzhii ghoo' n. bird egg. Usage: B.

dzhii t'oo n. bird nest. Usage:

dzhii tsoo n. bird (yellow). Lit: 'yellow bird'. Usage: B.

E ~ e

n. owl (boreal). Lit: 'boreal owl'. Usage:

ediigwit'an n. whiskey jack. Usage: [Note:

22

English name is Grey Jay.]

n. whiskey jack. Usage: G. [Note: English name is Grey Jay.]

n.

G.

n. Usage: B.

n. Whimbrel (Hudsonian curlew). Usage:

n. scoter. Lit: 'scoter'. Usage:

n. raven. Lit: . Usage:

n. shoveller. 'shoveller'. Usage:

dzhii ts'fm' n. wing. Lit: 'bird wing'. Usage: T.

dzhii zr~U n. dipper. Lit: 'black bird'. Usage:

G.

n. canvasback. Usage: G.

etr'yuu n. gull (Bonaparte's). Usage: B.

n. eagle (golden). Usage:

- g

. Usage:

n. snow bunting. Lit: 'Young snow goose.'. Usage: G.

n. falcon (gyr). Usage:

I - i

n. eagle (golden). Usage:

J - j

jah n. crane (sand hill). Usage: B.

K- k

kaats'oo lak n. ruby-crowned kinglet. Usage: T.

- kh

n. sparrow (white crowned). Usage: G.

N-n

n. snowbird (white). Lit:

'Young white snow bird.'. Usage:

jidik'~U n. duck (golden eye). Usage: G. [Note:

Tsiigehtshik elders also use the name Whistlers]

n. goose. Lit: 'Canada goose'. Usage:

23

naak'oh n.

s - s

the neck are white'. Usage: G .

. unaa,;«cn n. pintail. 'both sides ofthe neck are white'. Usage: T.

n. mallard. Usage: [Note: refers to the ring around the mallard's neck]

n. scoter (white winged). Lit: 'white winged scoter'. Usage:

sitr'igijiinjiizhee n. flycatcher. Usage: T. [Note: Sings "my little church"]

Sh - sh

shehtsoo v. swallow. Usage: G.

sheihtsoo v. swallow (cliff). Lit: 'Light colored gravel.'. Usage: T.

T t

24

sr

n. robin. Lit: 'robin'. Usage:

n. eagle (golden). Usage: G.

n. grebe (horned). Usage: T.

n. grebe (red necked). Usage:

n.

Usage:

grosbeak. Usage:

n. scaup. Lit: 'scaup'. Usage:

sheihtsoo vee n. swallow (bank, tree). Lit: 'Along the light colored gravel.'. Usage: T.

shini' jaa'aii n. plover (semipalmated). Usage: T.

n. grebe (young). Lit: 'young

grebe'. Usage:

G.

tee vee

- t'

n. plover (semipalmated). Usage:

n. sandpiper. Usage:

n. American widgeon. . Usage: T.

n. feather (wing). Lit: 'wing feather'. Usage: B.

n. feather (large). Lit: 'large feather'. Usage: B.

Th - th

thak n. eagle (bald). Usage: B.

Tr - tr

trah n. merganser. Usage: B

Tr' -

n. sandpiper (spotted). Usage: T

Ts ts

tsilch'oo' n. rusty blackbird. Usage: T.

n. rusty blackbird. Usage: G.

n. seagull. 'seagull'. Usage: [Note: type of gull: generic, herring, mew]

n. seagull. Lit: 'seagull'. Usage: G. [Note: any type of gull: generic, herring, mew]

n. shoveller. Lit: 'shoveller'. Usage: G. [Note: This bird also called spoon bill and is related to the mallard duck.]

25

n. tern.

n. Lit: Usage: B.

tshuu n. water thrush. Lit: 'water bird'. Usage: T.

- v

n. beak. Lit: 'its beak'. Usage:

n. beak. Lit: 'its beak'. Usage: G.

n. owl (snowy). Lit: 'snowy owl'. Usage: T.

vihs~Uvee n. owl (snowy). Lit: 'snowy owl'.

Usage: G.

y- y

yeezhah n. snipe (common). Lit: 'common snipe'. Usage:

26

n. owl (great homed). Lit: 'great homed owl'. Usage:

nijUtsik n. American widgeon. Usage: G.

n. gull (mew). Usage:

A ~ a

n. toes (between). Lit: 'between the toes'. Usage:

anan n. hunchback. Lit: 'Crooked back'.

Usage: G.

n. hair. Lit: 'head hair'. Usage:

D ~ d

deezhoo' n. beard. Usage:

diichiighaii n. brain. Lit: 'one's brain'. Usage: T.

diichiigh~U n. brain. Lit: 'one's brain'. Usage:

G.

diichit n. stomach (inner). Lit: 'one's inner stomach, refers to human'. Usage: G.

n. muscles. Lit: 'one's muscles'. Usage:

diidhoo n. waist. Usage: G.

diidzee' n. ear (outer). Lit: 'one's outer ear'. Usage: B.

n. muscle (arm). Lit: 'one's arm muscle'. Usage: G.

n. nose cartilage. Lit: 'nose cartilage'. Usage:

n. gallbladder. Usage:

diighe' n. hair (body). Lit: 'one's body hair'. Usage: B.

diighoo' n. testicles. Lit: 'one's eggs'. Usage: G.

diigwat tlee' n. knee cartilage. Lit: 'One's knee cartilage.'. Usage: G.

diikfli' tth'an n. foot bone. Lit: 'one's foot bone'. Usage: B.

diik'oh n. neck. Lit: 'one's neck.'. Usage: B.

n. face. Lit: 'one's face'. Usage: B.

n. buttocks. Lit: 'one's buttocks'. Usage:

diitr'oo' n. muscle (ofthe calf). Lit: 'one's calf muscle'. Usage: G.

adj. bow-legged. Lit: 'one's leg is crooked'. Usage: T.

n. body. Lit: 'ones body'. Usage:

27

E - e

n. (white). haired'.

Usage:

n. artery. Lit: 'close to the heart/a pipe from the heart'. Usage:

"~'0"''-·""'·" n. shoulder blade. Lit: 'shoulder blade'. Usage:

I - i

ichiidir tth'im' n. collarbone. Usage:

n. stomach (inner). Lit: 'inside the stomach'. Usage: T. [Note: Refers to both animals and humans.]

- k

kahtal n. heel (ofthe foot). Lit: 'heel'. Usage: G.

adj.& adv. barefoot. Lit: 'no foot'. Usage: B.

adj. & adv. barefoot. Usage:

kaiigaii' n. toenails. Lit: 'one's toenails.'. Usage: T.

n. foot (sole). Lit: 'sole of the foot'. Usage:

Kh kh

28

..,.,..~ ....... n. (ofthe foot). Lit: 'one's heel'. Usage: B.

n. buttocks. 'one's buttocks'. Usage:

n. guts. Usage:

n. larynx. Usage: G.

iidhiidrah n. diaphragm. Usage: T.

izhee' n. marrow. Lit: 'marrow'. Usage: B.

izhuhchaa' n. breastbone. Lit: 'bone in the middle of the upper rib cage'. Usage:

n. foot (sole). Lit: 'sole ofthe foot'.

Usage: G.

L - l

n. bladder. Lit: 'urine cover'. Usage:

- m

n. breast. Usage:

N- n

nfm n. hunchback. Lit: 'crooked back'. Usage: T.

ghoh n. hunchback. Lit: 'rounded back'. Usage: T.

n. crossed legs. Lit: 'S/he is crossing his/her legs'. Usage: T.

Sh - sh

shaghohk'at n. shoulder (my). Lit: 'my shoulder'. Usage: T.

shanim n. back (my). Lit: 'my back'. Usage: T.

shani'm tth'im' n. spine (my). Lit: 'my back bone'. Usage: B.

n. nose cartilage (my). cartilage'. Usage:

nose

shanchoh n. thumb (my). Lit: 'my thumb'. Usage:

shanvadh n. cheek (my). Lit: 'my cheek'. Usage: G.

n. cheek (my). Lit: 'my cheek'. Usage: T.

digyin n. crossed arms. Lit: 'S/he has his/her arms crossed.'. Usage: T.

n. leg (your). Lit: 'your leg.'. Usage:

shichaa' n. tongue (my). Lit: 'my tongue'. Usage: T.

shichi' n. head (my). Lit: 'my head'. Usage: B.

shichi' dagaii n. hair (white). Lit: 'my white head'. Usage: T.

n. scalp (my). Lit: 'my head skin'. Usage: G.

shichiighe' n. hair (my). Lit: 'my hair'. Usage: T.

shichiit'ik n. head (top). Lit: 'top of my head'. Usage: B.

n. ribs (my). Lit: 'my ribs'. Usage:

n. veins (my). 'my veins'. Usage:

29

n. Lit:

Usage:

n. wrist (my). Lit: 'my wrist'. Usage:

cage (my). Lit: cage'.

n. lips (my). lips'. Usage: B.

n. arm (upper). Lit: 'my upper arm'. Usage:

n. thigh bone. Lit: 'my thigh bone'. Usage: T.

n. liver (my). Lit: 'my liver'. Usage:

shidhoh n. skin (my). Lit: 'my skin'. Usage: B.

shidreechim n. shin bone. Lit: 'my shin bone'. Usage: G.

shidrehdok n. lungs (my). Lit: 'my lungs'. Usage: G.

shidrihdok n. lungs (my). Lit: 'my lungs'. Usage: T.

shidrii' n. heart (my). Lit: 'my heart'. Usage:

shidzee' n. ear (outer). Lit: 'my outer ear'. Usage: B.

shigee' n. armpit (my). Lit: 'my armpit'. U.sage:

shigeetthi\P n. muscle ). · 'My arm muscle.'. Usage: T.

shigyin n. arm (my). Lit: 'my arm'. Usage:

shigho' n. teeth (my). Lit: 'my teeth'. Usage: T.

shigho' atlok n. gums (my). Lit: 'The part of my teeth.'. Usage:

30

n. knee tendons. Lit: tendons'. Usage:

n. knee cap (my). Lit: 'my knee bone'. Usage: G.

n. throat (my). 'my throat'. Usage: T.

n. throat (my). Lit: 'my throat'.

Usage: G.

n. chin (my). Lit: 'my chin'. Usage:

n. chin (my). Lit: 'my chin'. Usage: G.

n. jaw (my). Lit: 'my jaw'. Usage:

shitshiighe' dagaii n. hair (white). Lit: 'my white hair'. Usage: T.

shijath n. naval (my). Lit: 'my naval'. Usage: G.

shijohk'it n. naval (my). Lit: 'my naval'. Usage: T.

shikai' n. foot (my). Lit: 'my foot'. Usage: B.

n. heel (my). Lit: 'my heel'. Usage: G.

n. ankle. Lit: 'my ankle'. Usage:

shikaiigaii' n. toenail (my). Lit: 'my toenail'. Usage:

shikaiits'at n. toes (my). Lit: 'my toes'. Usage: B.

n. foot (top). Lit: 'the top foot'. Usage:

n.

n. thumb (my). Lit: 'my Usage: G.

n. eyebrows. Lit: eyebrows'. Usage: B.

n. eyelashes. 'my eyelashes'.

my

n. eyeball (my). Lit: eyeball'.

Usage:

sl:un<P,~zriih n. eyeball (my). 'my eyeball'. Usage:

shinle' n. hand (my). Lit: 'my hand'. Usage: G.

shinleechi' n. finger tips (my). Lit: 'my finger tips'. Usage: B.

shinleegaii' n. fingernails (my). Lit: 'my fingernails'. Usage: T.

shinleeg~ii' n. fingernails (my). Lit: 'my

fingernails'. Usage: G.

shinleegoo n. fingers (between my). Lit: 'between my fingers'. Usage:

n. hand (back). Lit: 'back of my hand'. Usage: T.

shinleets'avak n. finger (my little). Lit: 'my little finger'. Usage: T.

shinleetth'ak n. fingers (my). Lit: 'my fingers'. Usage: T.

n. hand (my). Lit: 'my hand'. Usage: T.

n. my Usage: T.

. Usage:

n. forehead. Lit: 'my forehead'. Usage:

n. eye (my). Lit: eye'. Usage: B.

n. eye (my). Lit: 'my eye'. Usage: G.

n. nostril (my). Lit: nostril'. Usage:

n. kidneys (my). Lit: 'my kidneys'. Usage: G.

n. knee cartilage (my). Lit: 'My knee cartilage.'. Usage:

n. back (my lower). Lit: 'my lower back'. Usage: B.

n. belly (my). Lit: 'my belly'. Usage: B.

shitr'oo n. kidneys (my). Lit: 'my kidneys'. Usage: T.

shitsynu' n. muscle (front thigh). Lit: 'my front thigh muscle'. Usage: T.

shits'oh n. elbow. Lit: 'my elbow'. Usage: B.

shitthai' n. flesh (my). Lit: 'my flesh'. Usage: T.

shitth~i' n. flesh (my). Lit: 'my flesh'. Usage:

G.

shivat n. stomach (inner). Lit: 'my inner stomach.'. Usage: B.

shizhah n. windpipe. Lit: 'my windpipe.'. Usage: B.

chaa' n. breastbone (my).

n. stomach (my). ·'my stomach'. Usage:

31

Tr' -

n. of breast.'. Usage:

n. umbilical cord. Lit: 'Child's string.'. Usage: G.

n. bone. Usage:

v v

vaghoo dhoh n. scrotum (his). Lit: 'His eggs skin.'. Usage: B.

vatsfm' n. vagina. Lit: 'her vagina'. Usage: B.

vats' at n. womb (her). Lit: 'her womb'. Usage: B.

vatthaathai' n. muscle (back thigh). Usage: B.

vatthal n. anus (his/her). Lit: 'his/her anus'. Usage: B.

kal n. bald (head). Lit: 'his/her bald head'. Usage: G.

tth'an n. skull (his/her). Lit: 'His/her head bone.'. Usage: B.

vichiidrm11' n. collarbone. Lit: 'his/her collarbone'. Usage: T.

vichiit'ik gwaakal adj. bald (head). Lit: 'The top ofhis head is bald'. Usage: B. [Note: also used for land with no trees]

32

n. penis (child's). Lit: 'child's penis'. Usage: T.

n. penis (his). Lit: 'his penis'. Usage: T.

vidoo' n. muscle (ofthe calf). Lit: 'his calf muscle'. Usage: T.

vidrideegho' n. spinal cord. Usage: T.

vihchyaa' n. larynx (his/her). Lit: 'His/her larynx.'. Usage: T.

vihtPeekoo' n. glands (neck). Lit: 'his/her neck glands'. Usage:

vikai' nihts'i' jiizrak n. pigeon-toed. Lit: 'His/her feet are pointed to each other.'. Usage:

n. uvula. Lit: 'uvula'. Usage:

vitr'oo' n. calf. Lit: 'calf of his/her leg'. Usage:

n. mouth (his/her). Lit: 'his/her mouth'. Usage: T.

n. milk (breast). Lit: 'breast milk'. Usage: G.

n. diarrhea. guts'. Usage:

D-d

dab n. blood. Usage:

'sickness

dab n. blood clot. Usage:

diideezbii' n. breath. Lit: 'one's breath'. Usage: T.

diidbat srebtat gidilii n. liver damage. Lit: 'damaged liver'. Usage: T.

diika'uujil n.pl. measles. Lit: 'small bumps spread all over on the body'. Usage: B.

diika'uujil n. rash. Lit: 'small bumps spread over the body'. Usage: B.

diinfmttb'an agweedii n. spinabifida. Lit: 'Hole in one's back bone.'. Usage: T.

- dl

dlub n. flu. Usage: T. [Note: can also be used to say someone is cold]

cbii n. kidney stone. the kidney'. Usage:

n. blister. Usage:

'stone

cbii n. gall stone. Lit: 'stone one's gallbladder'. Usage:

srebtat gidilii n. kidney damage. Lit: 'Damaged kidneys.'. Usage: T.

diivat dab nagbab dbicb'ab n. ulcer. Lit: 'Blood clot in the stomach tore.'. Usage:

diiyibdaii srebtat gidilii n. esophagus damage. Lit: 'one's throat is damaged'. Usage: T.

n. breath. Lit: 'one's breath'. Usage: G.

n. breath. Lit: 'One's breath steam in winter.'. Usage:

33

n. emphysema. Lit: illness'. Usage:

I -

n. Lit: . Usage:

K- k

adv. cold (illness). Usage:

n. phlegm. Lit: 'phlegm '. Usage:

- kh

khagweedazhaa n. pimple. Lit: 'Protrusion under the skin.'. Usage: T.

Kw- kw

kwaih n. vomit. Lit: 'vomit'. Usage: B.

L - I

let n. scab. Lit: 'scab'. Usage: G.

lirh n. unne. 'urine'. Usage:

s s

soogaii gwits'ik n. diabetes. Lit: 'sugar sickness'. Usage: T.

34

if n. ear wax. Lit: Usage:

n. cold sore. Usage:

khaoh n. pus. Lit: 'pus'. Usage: G.

khoh n. pus. Lit: 'pus'. Usage: T.

n. scab. Lit: 'scab'. Usage: T.

n. scar. Usage:

n. 'my eye is swollen'. Usage: T.

- sr

n. menstruation. 'menstruation'. Usage:

- t'

n. milk (breast). Lit: 'Breast milk.'. Usage:

Tr tr

tree n. tears. Lit: 'Crying water.'. Usage: B.

- tr'

tr'aakoo n. cough. Lit: 'someone is coughing'. Usage: B.

tr'iinjoo tr'oochit ts'ik vits'an dhidlit n. menstruation (woman's first). Lit: 'The

Ts' -

'sickness that became one's own'. Usage: G.

ts'ik nizih kwaa n. venereal disease. Lit: 'bad sickness'. Usage: G.

vagoontree n. cancer. Lit: 'difficult illness'. Usage: G.

n. cancer. Lit: 'difficult illness'. Usage: T.

n. saliva. Lit: 'saliva'. Usage: B.

n. excrement. Usage: B.

first sickness to come upon a woman.'. Usage: G.

tr'oh n. boil (skin infection). Usage: T.

n. cancer(of the lung). Lit: 'difficult illness in the lungs'. Usage: T.

35

n. cancer (of the colon). Lit:

'the by a bowel movement is

n. tent (summer). Lit: 'tanned caribou hide tent'. Usage:

aadzoo n. dance hall. Lit: 'dance house'. Usage: T.

aatr'ii kanh n. house (spruce bark). Lit: 'spruce bark house'. Usage:

Ch- ch

chigijuu'ee n. ridge pole. Lit: 'pole across the top of the tent from one end to the other'. Usage: T.

chik n. smoke hole. Lit: 'An opening at the top of a teepee, smoke hole.'. Usage: B.

n. cupboard. Lit: 'place for dishes'. Usage: G.

D - d

36

n. SA RS to

zheh n. courtroom. Lit: 'court house, questioning house'. Usage: T.

atthaP 'house where animals are killed'. Usage: T.

ayeedak zheh n. attic. Lit: 'upper house'. Usage: G.

chitr'ij'oo n. outhouse. Lit: 'going out

house'. Usage:

n. cupboard. 'a place for dishes'. Usage: T.

Dr

n. Lit: Usage:

Usage:

n. tent (winter). Lit: 'fur Usage: G. [Note: made caribou skins with hair on, very warm in winter.]

n. tent (winter). Lit: 'fur tent'. Usage: [Note: made from caribou skins with hair on, very warm winter.]

n. cache (platform). Usage: [Note: a platform built high up on stilts with no enclosure]

E - e

edinehtl'eh zheh n. library. Lit: 'house for books'. Usage:

elts'ik zheh n. hospital. Lit: 'sick people's house'. Usage: B.

- g

n. classroom. Lit: 'teaching place'. Usage: G.

n. school. Lit: 'Teaching house.'. Usage: T.

gihdaniivaa n. door. Usage:

top house.'.

n. post office. Lit: 'sending paper place'. Usage: T.

zheh n. post office. house'. Usage: G.

etr'ijiich'~ii k'it n. living room. Lit: 'A place

where people sit.'. Usage: G.

.... ,,.._., .. deek'it n. classroom. Lit: 'teaching place'. Usage: T.

n. rear (inside of a house or tent). Lit: 'At the rear of a tent or teepee on the inside.'. Usage: T.

n. closet. clothing'. Usage: T.

'a place

37

I -

L - l

Lit: Usage:

n. cafe. Lit: 'eating house'. Usage: T.

n. restaurant. Lit: 'eating house'. Usage: G.

n. garage. Lit: 'house for storing trucks'. Usage: G.

k'it n. house (empty). Lit: 'place with no one home'. Usage:

ligafii n. coffee shop. Lit: 'coffee house'.

L - l

Usage: G. [Note: borrowed French word (le cafe)]

laii zheh n. house (dog). Lit: 'dog house'. Usage: T.

n. house (dog). Lit: 'dog house'.

Usage: G.

- n

n. bridge. 'bridge'. Usage:

38

zheh n. office uuJ.n.uu"'

house'. Usage:

n. upstairs. Lit: 'Upper house.'. Usage: B.

house'.

lishuunii n. chimney. Usage: B. [Note: borrowed French word (la cheminee)]

n. community hall. Lit: 'gathering house'. Usage: T.

n. stage (fish). Lit: 'Fish stage (inside

a smoke house).'. Usage: G.

nan

n.

n. cellar. Lit: 'ground house'. Usage:

n. hotel. Lit: 'staying over night house'. Usage: T.

n. entrance. Lit: 'opening'. Usage: G.

n. cache (tree). Usage: T. [Note: small quantity of food wrapped and tied high a tree]

- tr

troo k'it zheh n. porch. Lit: 'wood place house'. Usage: G.

Tr' tr'

tr'igiikhii zheh n. church. Lit: 'church service house'. Usage: B.

tr'igiikhii n. chapel. Lit: 'small church'. Usage: B.

tanadilak geenjit gwaltsaii n. dock (boat). Lit: 'a place made for boats to land'. Usage:

- ts

n. community hall. Lit: 'house playing'. Usage: G.

n. entrance. Usage: T.

n. tent. tent.'. Usage: B.

n. wigwam. Lit: 'Round caribou skin tent.'. Usage:

n. police station. Lit: 'Police house'. Usage:

gwideek'it n. bedroom. Lit: 'sleeping place'. Usage: T.

n. hotel. Lit: 'staying over night house'. Usage:

n. gymnasmm. · 'play house'. Usage: T.

39

n. shelter (lean to). Lit: 'lean to shelter'. Usage: G.

Tth - tth

tthal n. corral. Lit: 'caribou corral'. Usage:

Tsh- tsh

tshuu zheh n. house (water delivery). Lit: 'house for taking water'. Usage:

tshqq zheh n. house (water delivery). Lit:

'water house'. Usage: G.

-u

V-v

vakak n. stairs. Lit: 'They walk

40

up on it.'. Usage: B.

oonaatsoo zheh n. police station. Lit: 'Police house'. Usage: G.

snow

n. shelter (lean to). Lit: 'lean to shelter'. Usage: T.

n. store. Lit: 'buying house'. Usage: B.

uutsik dr~h n. stage (for drying fish). Lit: 'Dry

fish stage.'. Usage: G.

uutsik zheh n. smoke house. Lit: 'dried fish house'. Usage: G.

vike'tr'ahch'uu gwideek'it n. kitchen. Lit: 'cooking place'. Usage: B.

n. window. Lit: 'Looking through it.'. Usage: G.

Zh ~

zheh n. Usage:

zheh 11. house 'a house loaned out'. Usage: T.

n. jail. Lit: 'Blackened house.'.

11. prison. Lit: 'prison'. Usage: T.

11. jail. Lit: 'Blackened house.'.

Usage: G.

n. teepee poles. Usage: T.

gwich'ok zhak vah 11.

teepee pegs. Lit: 'Teepee is tied down with it.'. Usage: T.

gwidaii' n. entrance way. Lit: 'outside of the entrance'. Usage:

- a

A~~ .. u· n. Slavey people. Lit: 'Slavey People'. Usage: B.

- ch

n. Fort Good Hope People. Lit: 'People who live at the opening of the rock house.'. Usage:

n. tent. cover.'.

n. wall. house'. Usage: G.

'along the side the

n. wall. Lit: 'along house'. Usage: T.

side the

n. shack (old). Lit: 'old house'. Usage:

zheh n. house (small). ·'small house'. Usage:

n. corner. Lit: 'corner of the house'. Usage:

n. sky scraper. Lit: 'Tall house.'. Usage: T.

zheh yeet'~U'ee n. tower. Lit: 'House high up

above everything else.'. Usage: T.

n. Inuvialuit (Western 'Inuvialuit from the Coast'.

41

D-d

Dachan

n. Yukon Natives. Usage:

n. Yukon Natives. Usage:

n. Mountain People. Lit: 'People who live among the mountains.'. Usage:

E e

n. Delta People. Lit: 'timber stand people'. Usage: T.

- gw

Gwichyah Gwich'in n. Arctic Red River People. Lit: 'people of the flat area'. Usage:

H- h

I -

Gwich'in n. Dawson People. Lit: 'river people'. Usage: B.

Ch'ok Ineekaii n. Inuit (Eastern Arctic). Lit: 'Inuit with a low hung back on their parkas.' Usage:

L - I

42

n.

n. Loucheux 'aboriginal people'. Usage: G.

n. Delta People. Lit: 'timber stand people'. Usage: G.

Gwich'in n. Loucheux People. Usage:

n. T.

- n

n. Arctic Village People.

T - t

Tamm n. Arctic Village People. Usage: G.

nHii n. Metis. Lit: 'S/he is the middle'. Usage:

- tr

Gwich'in n. Black River People. Lit: 'Cache River people'. Usage: T.

Ts' - ts'

n. Stone Age People. Usage:

- v

n. Old Crow People. Lit: 'People who live among the lakes.'

Usage: T.

n. Usage:

n. Inuvik People. Lit: 'A combination of different nationalities living together.'. Usage: T.

n. Fort McPherson People. Lit: 'Peel River People'. Usage:

Ts'iid«(U n. Stone Age People. Usage: G.

43

44

A- a

intr. dress (caribou hide). Lit: 'tanned caribou hide dress'. Usage:

n. pants (caribou hide). Lit: "tarmea caribou hide pants'. Usage: B. [Note. made with tanned caribou for summer]

n. pocket (on clothing). Lit: 'pocket'. Usage:

n. headband. Lit: 'strung around the head'. Usage: T.

Ch' -

ch 'il n. diaper. Usage:

D-d

dachan kaiitreh n. oxfords. Lit: 'Wooden shoes.'. Usage: G.

dachan n. oxfords. Lit: 'Wooden shoes.'. Usage: T.

n. mitts (fur). Lit: 'furry mitts'.

n. parka (caribou fur). Lit: 'caribou fur parka'. Usage:

thai n. pants (caribou fur). Lit: 'caribou fur pants'. Usage:

intr. dress (caribou hide). Lit: 'tatmed caribou hide dress'. Usage: G.

azhak n. t-shirt. Lit: 'under shirt'. Usage: G.

chil n. bunting bag. Lit: 'skinny diaper'. Usage: T.

dazhoo yik n. parka (caribou fur). Lit: 'caribou fur parka'. Usage: G.

deeghim ik n. blouse. Lit: 'chest dress'. Usage:

n. bandana. Lit: 'strung around one's head'. Usage:

n. headband. Lit: 'strung around one's head'. Usage: G.

dinjii viyik n. vest. Lit: 'A man's shirt with no sleeves.'. Usage:

45

Dr-dr

n. ·T.

Dzh-

n. . Usage:

E - e

n. mukluks (leg skin). 'caribou or moose leg skin mukluks'. Usage:

- g

li>"'"u··· gwich'aa' n. vestment. Lit: 'Minister clothes.'. Usage:

gin nidiniizhii n. sleeve support. Lit: 'Wrapped around the arm.'. Usage: T.

Gh- gh

ghoh toh niit'aii n. suspenders. Lit: 'It hangs over the shoulders.'. Usage: B.

- gw

ik n. parka. Lit: 'Over coat.'. Usage:

n. clothing. Usage: T.

n. overcoat. Lit: 'overcoat'. Usage: G.

gwiyehzhak gwich'aa' n. underwear. Lit: 'under clothes'. Usage:

46

(small size). 'small

n. shirt. Lit: 'under shirt'. Usage:

n. sleeve support. Lit: 'Wrapped around the arm.'. Usage: G.

gwiyehzhak gwidaF n. underwear. Lit: 'under clothes'. Usage: G.

!!WiV{~hdlal( ik n. overcoat. Lit: 'overcoat'. Usage: T.

I -

ik v. dress. Usage:

n. short dress. Lit: 'short dress'. Usage:

n. Lit: 'raincoat'. Usage:

thal n. pants (rain). Usage:

'rain pants'.

n. raincoat. Lit: 'raincoat'. Usage: G.

n. parka (mother hubbard). Lit:

'Inuit parka'. Usage: G.

K- k

kaiichfm n. mukluks. Lit: 'mukluks'. Usage: B.

kaiichannadhi'ee n. moccasin (wrap around). Lit: 'Wrapped around the ankle.'. Usage: G.

kaiitreh n. shoes. Lit: 'shoes'. Usage: G.

kaiitreh diditii n. mukluks (thick skin). Lit: 'thick mukluks'. Usage: G. [Note: mukluks made with thick moose hide.]

n. fur (moccasin trim). Usage: G.

K' - k'

k'oh naiit'aii n. handkerchief. Lit: 'it is hanging around the neck'. Usage:

11. coat. Lit: coat.'.

11. coat. cover dress'. Usage: G.

n. slip. Lit: 'under dress'. Usage: T.

thai n. underwear. Lit: 'under pants'. Usage: T.

thai n. bloomers. Lit: 'short under pants'. Usage:

.., ... " .. """' thai n. panties. 'short under pants'. Usage: T.

n. slip. Lit: 'under dress'. Usage: G.

kaiitreh tl'yaa' n. laces (moccasin). Lit: 'moccasin strings'. Usage: G.

kaiitreh zheii n. moccasins (wrap around). Lit: 'Traditional moccasins.'. Usage: G.

kaiitrih n. shoes. Lit: 'shoes'. Usage: T.

kaiitrih tl'yaa' n. laces (moccasin). Lit: 'moccasin strings'. Usage: T.

zheii n. moccasins (wrap around). Lit: 'Traditional moccasins.'. Usage: T.

n. handkerchief. Usage: B. [Note: shorter form of k' oh naiit' aii]

47

Lit:

L ~ l

n. toque. Lit: 'Woolen hat.'. Usage: G. [Note: borrowed French word (la

laine ); a ts'iidejj word]

lalen n. sweater. Lit: 'Woolen top.'. Usage: G. [Note: borrowed French word (la

laine); a ts'iidt:tH word]

lashel n. shawl. Lit: 'shawl'. Usage: [Note: borrowed French word (le chale)]

N~n

needi' nadhi'ee n. fur (hood trim). Lit: 'fur around the hood'. Usage: T.

needye' naii'ee n. fur (hood trim). Lit: 'fur around hood'. Usage: G.

nilee dzhirh n. gloves. Lit: 'finger mitts'. Usage: T.

T ~ t

n. pajamas. Lit: 'night clothes'. Usage: G.

tadh gwiyik n. night gown. Lit: 'night dress'. Usage: G.

n. socks. Lit: 'socks'. Usage: T.

tah n. socks (thick). Lit: 'thick socks'. Usage: T.

48

n. button. Usage: [Note: borrowed French word (le bouton)]

button. Usage: [Note: borrowed French word (le bouton)]

k'it n. buttonhole. 'button place'. Usage: [Note: borrowed French word (le bouton)]

11. vestment. Lit: 'mass clothing'. Usage: G. [Note: borrowed French word (la messe)]

dhoh ts'eh n. hat (fur). Lit: 'animal fur hat'. Usage: T.

nlee dzhirh n. gloves. Lit: 'finger mitts'. Usage: G.

tah n. socks (thick). socks'. Usage: G.

tah dril ninjnn 11. stockings. Lit: 'long thin socks'. Usage:

too gwich'aa' n. pajamas. Lit: 'night clothes'. Usage:

too 11. nightgown. Lit: 'night dress'. Usage:

Th ~ th

thai n. Lit: 'pants'. Usage:

thai n. Jeans. 'blue pants'. Usage: G.

thai n. shorts. Lit: 'short pants'. Usage: G.

n. baby belt (carrier). · 'baby strap'. Usage: T.

d'aguut'aii n. baby belt (carrier). Lit: 'baby strap'. Usage: B.

Ts ~ ts

tsaih dhoh thai n. jeans. Lit: 'Ocher skin pants.'. Usage:

Ts' ~ ts'

ts'adatah n. liners. Lit: 'liners for mukluks and winter boots'. Usage: G.

n. liners. Lit: 'liners winter boots'. Usage:

mukluks

n. parka (duffel). Lit: 'duffel parka'. Usage: G.

ts'eh n. hat. Usage: B.

n. hat brim. 'hat beak'. Usage:

thai n. shorts. 'short pants'. Usage:

n. Usage:

T.

nigwiniltsi' n. parka trimming. Lit: 'fancy hem'. Usage: T.

n. hat brim. Lit: 'hat beak'. Usage:

G.

ghoo n. tam. Lit: 'round hat'. Usage: G.

n. hat (cowboy). Usage:

n. hat (Stetson). Usage:

49

n. Usage:

n. rubber boots.

shoes'. Usage: G.

n. waders. Lit: 'long water

shoes'. Usage:

- v

vitl'in n. hem. Lit: 'around the bottom edge'. Usage: T.

- w

warsdit ik n. sweater. Lit: 'Woolen top.'. Usage:

Y-y

50

v. dress. Usage: G.

- zh

n. collar. Lit: 'strung below the chin'. Usage:

n. boots. shoes'. Usage: T.

n. waders. Lit: 'long water shoes'. Usage: T.

n. pants (rain). Lit: 'water pants'.

Usage: G.

vitl'in nigwiniltsi' n. parka trimming. Lit: 'fancy hem'. Usage: G.

n. skirt. Lit: 'dress'. Usage: G.

n. scarf. Lit: 'wrapped around the neck.'. Usage:

D~d

J ~ j

n. faded. is faded'. Usage:

n. Lit: 'it is red'. Usage:

n. pink. Lit: 'clear wood gum with a pink tinge'. Usage:

n. colors (fall). Lit: 'leaves turning a reddish color'. Usage: T.

jidii ch'ik n. red. Lit: 'something red'. Usage: T.

jidii dagaii n. white. Lit: 'white'. Usage: B.

jidii datl'oo' adj. blue. Lit: 'something blue'. Usage: B.

datl'oo' adj. green. Lit: 'something green'. Usage: B.

n. reddish. Lit: 'reddish'. Usage: B.

tsoo n. yellow. Lit: 'yellow'. Usage:

~ sr

Tr' ~

n. Lit: IS . Usage:

tsoo n. yellow. Lit: 'yellow'. Usage:

n. colors (fall). Lit: 'leaves turning yellow'. Usage:

jidii tthoo adj. brown. Lit: 'something brown'. Usage: B.

jidii vee n. grey. Lit: 'something grey'. Usage:

jidii n. black. Lit: 'something black'. Usage: T.

jidii n. black. Lit: 'something black'.

Usage: G.

51

n.

n. Lit: 'plate'. Usage:

D-d

n. Usage:

F- f

ban n. frying pan. Usage: [Note: broken English]

- gw

gwinjit n. sifter. Lit: 'It is poured through.'. Usage:

I - i

iitsii gwidral n. toaster/grill. Lit: 'curly metal'. Usage:

iitsii vah te'tr'inghaa n. egg beater. Lit: 'metal used for mixing'. Usage:

K- k

52

ban n. frying pan. Usage: B. [Note: broken English]

- k'

n. plate (birch bark). Lit: 'birch bark plate'. Usage: G.

n. soup Usage: T.

n. spoon. Lit: 'small plate'. Usage:

iitsiigwal n. fork. Usage: B.

k'ii n. plate (birch bark). Lit: 'birch plate'. Usage .

s s

- sh

n. cooking Usage:

sr

Lit: I food pail'.

n. knife. Lit: 'knife'. Usage: B.

T - t

tyah diniintyin n. lid. Lit: 'pot lid'. Usage: T.

Tsh- tsh

tshuu tyah n. cup. Lit: 'water container'. Usage: T.

V-v

vinjit n. strainer. Lit: 'they pour through it'. Usage:

vinjit tr'itanjaa n. strainer. Lit: 'they pour through it'. Usage: G.

n. pot. I food

Usage: G.

zaii n. knife (blunt). Lit: 'blunt knife'. Usage:

tshqq tyah zhqq n. cup (mug). Lit: 'big cup'.

Usage: G.

n. roasting pan. Lit: 'used for roasting in'. Usage: G.

tshuu e'tr'iichii n. ladle (dipper). Lit: 'dipping it into water'. Usage:

53

54

- g

adj. educated. Lit: 's/he is educated'. Usage: T.

adj. trained. taught'. Usage:

n. Teacher. teaching.'. Usage:

· 's/he has been

· 'S/he is

n. classroom. Lit: 'teaching place'. Usage: G.

n. Teacher. Lit: 'S/he teaches.'.

n. Principal. Lit: 'the lead teacher'. Usage: B.

ga'uuniltyin adj. trained. Lit: 's/he has been taught'. Usage: G.

ge'tr'oohanahchaa gwi'dinehtl'ee' n. lesson plan. Lit: 'paper for teaching'. Usage: T.

E- e

edinehtl'eh n. book. Usage:

Kh-

.~ ...... 1 ... adj. clever (fast learner). Lit: 's/he learns fast'. Usage:

khanh' gik'idhinjih n. slow learner. Lit: 's/he doesn't learn fast.'. Usage: B.

L - l

adj. education. Lit: 'teaching'.

n. school. Lit: 'Teaching house.'. Usage:

adj. trained. Lit: 'S/he is experienced.'. Usage:

20:gmW(]IOnunmn v. taught. Lit: 'S/he taught them.'. Usage: T.

ge'tr'oonahtan deek'it n. classroom. Lit: 'teaching place'. Usage: T.

gugwij:}htl'oo adj. intelligent. Lit: 'They are

very smart.'. Usage: T.

gugwizhe' goonlii adj. intelligent. Lit: 'they are very smart'. Usage: G.

n. slow learner. Lit: 's/he learns slowly.'. Usage: G.

55

adj.

N~n

adj. intelligent. Lit: 'S/he is smart at everything.'. Usage: T.

V~v

56

goonlii adj. intelligent (above average). Lit: 's/he is smart'. Usage: T.

IS

n. old age pension. money'. Usage:

'elder's

D-d

adj. inexpensive. Lit: is inexpensive'. Usage:

v. charge (to take debt). Lit: 'it was written down for them'. Usage: G.

E - e

edinehtl'eh n. bill (credit account). Lit: 'book'. Usage: G.

Gw- gw

gwitr'it t'agwah'ii kwaa tseedhoh n. unemployment check. Lit: 'Money for the unemployed.'. Usage: G.

I -

tseedhoo' n. one dollar. Lit: 'one money'. Usage: G.

v. charge (to take debt). Lit: 'debt is taken'. Usage:

transfer payment. Lit: 'giving money to another person'. Usage:

57

n.

L - l

lazhaa n. one dollar. Lit: 'one Usage: T. [Note: borrowed (1' argent)}

n. change (money). 'money left over'. Usage: T. [Note: borrowed French word (l'argent)]

n. treaty money. Lit: 'Money

money.'. Usage: G. [Note: bonowed French word (l'argent)]

N-n

nan tseedhoh n. land claim money. Lit: 'money for land'. Usage: T.

Sh - sh

sheih tseedhoo' n. coins. Lit: 'sand, gravel money'. Usage: G.

58

- tr'

n. offering (to the church). Lit: 'money is being collected at church'. Usage: G.

- ts

n. money. Lit: 'beaver pelt'. Usage:

n. funding. Lit: money'. Usage:

n. change

(money). Lit: 'left over from money'. Usage: G. [Note: borrowed word (l'argent)]

lazhaa n. penny. 'small brown money'. Usage: [Note: bonowed French word (!'argent)]

neesrij~hch'uu tseedhoo' n. welfare check.

Lit: 'Poor people's money.'. Usage:

gadhidlii n. loan (money). is lending money.'. Usage:

'S/he

- v

n. interest. Lit: 'money is made from it'. Usage:

y- y

n. pennies. Usage: [Note: used in the Bible to describe pennies or money]

n. one

59

A a

n. shavings. 'wood shavings'. Usage:

- ch

n. coal. Lit: 'rock Usage:

E- e

"'''",. ........ , .. n. fungus (birch). Lit: 'birch fungus'. Usage: T. [Note: a fungus that grows on birch trees used as a fire starter and for medicinal purposes]

- g

guk'an choo v. burnt (large area). Lit: 'large burnt area of land'. Usage: T.

Gw- gw

gwidhah n. heat. Lit: 'its heat'. Usage: T.

Tsh- tsh

n. ashes (hot). Lit: 'hot ashes'. Usage: T.

n. fire. Lit: 'fire I matches'. Usage:

n. matches. Lit: 'fire'. Usage:

n. fireplace. Usage:

60

gukwan' diniizhah predic. adj. & adv. ablaze. Lit: 'caught on fire suddenly'. Usage: T.

gwijahk'ii n. arson. Lit: 's/he is making a fire.'. Usage: T.

n. spark. Usage: T.

n. coals (hot). Lit: 'hot coals'. Usage:

n. ·B.

lat n. smoke detector. Lit: 'it rings because of smoke'. Usage:

Tr - tr

troo n. wood (fire). Usage:

- v

matnt1tno•o n. fire extinguisher. Lit: 'fire is extinguished with it'. Usage:

n. fire

extinguisher. Lit: 'fire is burned out with it'. Usage:

n. Usage:

n. flint. Usage: T.

v. burned. 'it burned

61

A- a

n. stick fish). 'Stick

stick.'. Usage:

n. club (fish). Lit: 'forehead club'. Usage: B.

n. sinkers. Lit: 'Water bottom stone.'. Usage:

n. loche. Lit: 'loche'. Usage:

chih tl'yah n. net string (for under ice). Lit: 'under water string.'. Usage: B.

D- d

daats'at n. sucker. Lit: 'sucker'. Usage: B.

dalts'an n. crooked back (fish). Usage: T.

Dh-

dhik'ii n. arctic char. Usage: B.

E - e

n. spear (fish). Lit: 'fish spear'. Usage: T.

62

n. stick fish. Lit: 'stick fish'. Usage:

n. stick fish. Lit: 'stick fish'. Usage: G.

n. net thread. Lit: 'fishing net thread (twine)'. Usage: T.

n. whitefish (Mackenzie River). Lit: 'Flat rock fish.'. Usage: T. [Note: a larger whitefish compared to a normal size one]

dalts'in n. crooked back (fish). Usage: G.

dehzrak n. stick (hook). Lit: 'Hook stick for setting net under ice.'. Usage: B.

n. spear (fish). Lit: 'fish spear'.

Usage:

n. . Usage:

n. scales. 'fish scales'. Usage:

n. jackfish. Usage:

n. fish (school of). 'school offish'.

- i

J - j

Usage: G.

n. fish spear. Usage: G.

n. fish spear. Usage:

n. net (willow 'willow bark net'. Usage: G.

jal n. hook (fish). Lit: 'fish hook'. Usage:

K' - k'

k'adh n. fish trap. Usage: G.

k'in' n. fish eggs. Usage: T.

Lit:

n. fish (round-head Yukon). Usage: T.

L - l

n. fish. Usage:

n. king salmon. Lit: 'Big fish'. Usage: T.

n.

n. net rope (top­thick/heavy). Lit: 'Heavy top net rope.'. Usage:

n. net rope (top- thin). Lit:

top net '.Usage: T.

n. minnow. Lit: 'minnow'. Usage:

its'igoghoo n. fish stomach. Usage:

jilgo~o .. n. fork stick. Usage: G.

k'oo n. fish trap. Usage: T.

k'oo chi' zhit Ink n. fish scoop. Lit: 'fish in the head ofthe fish trap'. Usage: T.

Ink ch'uh n. fried fish. Lit: 'fried fish'. Usage: [Note: can also be used for roasted fish

(in oven or to fire)]

n. whitefish. Lit: 'whitefish'. Usage:

63

n.

G. [Note: a larger whitefish compared to a size one]

luk n. fish scales. 'fish scales'.

iuk

iuk

luk

Usage:

n. fish scales. Lit: scales'. Usage:

G.

n. fish fins. Lit: 'fish fins'. Usage: B.

n. fish eggs. Lit: 'fish eggs'. Usage: B.

n. club (fish). Lit: 'fish club'. Usage:

tl'e' ghak n. fin (tail). Lit: 'fish tail fin'. Usage: G.

ti'P ghak n. fin (tail). Lit: 'fish tail fin'. Usage: T.

luk tl'im' n. fish slime. Usage: T.

tl'qq' n. fish slime. Usage: G.

n. fish cutting place. Lit: 'fish cutting place'. Usage:

n. fish guts. Usage:

luk vihk'oh n. fish gills. Lit: 'fish gills'. Usage:

luk n. boiled fish. Lit: 'boiled fish'. Usage:

luk n. whitefish. Usage: B.

64

Lit:

n. hook. 'fish . Usage:

n. fish hook. Lit: 'fish guts'. Usage:

n. tackle box. 'Box for

fishing gear.'. Usage: G.

n. tackle box. Lit: 'Container for fishing gear.'. Usage:

tl'yaa njuh n. long fish hook string. Lit: 'long fish hook string'. Usage: T.

lyqh tl'yaa njuh n. long fish hook string. Lit:

'long fish hook string'. Usage: G.

zhii n. bait (hook). Lit: 'hook food'. Usage: T.

n. bait (hook). Lit: 'hook food'.

Usage:

N

n. dog salmon. Usage:

- sr

n. Coney. Usage:

T - t

tan n. net pole (for under ice). Lit: 'it is stuck in the river bottom under the ice'. Usage: [Note: a long pole used for setting a net under the ice]

- tl'

tl'evihtr'ii n. fish (small 3-6"). Usage: T. [Note: small 3-6" fish that looks like loche]

Tr - tr

n. herring. Usage: B.

- tr'

n. fish wheel. Usage:

u- u

n. fishing rod. Lit: 'white man fish hook'. Usage:

n. dry fish. Usage:

n. stomach (Coney). stomach'. Usage:

'Coney

tan n. net pole (for under ice). Lit: 'it is stuck under the ice towards the river bottom.'. Usage: T. [Note: a long pole used for setting a net under the ice]

n. dry fish (bail). Lit: 'bail of dry fish'. Usage: G.

65

V-v

66

n. fin (back). Lit: of its back.'. Usage: G.

n. trout. Lit: . Usage:

on the

aak'ii n. milk (cow). 'cow milk'. Usage:

aak'ii n. milk (powdered). Lit: 'Ground mille'. Usage:

n. grease'. Usage:

n. eggs. Usage:

'cow

D-d

n. rice. Lit: 'mouse droppings'. Usage: G.

daatsoo n. rice. Lit: 'mouse droppings'. Usage: T.

dinjik nHii n. meat (moose). Lit: 'moose meat'. Usage: B.

Dh- dh

dhandaii n. candy. Lit: 'sweet flavor'. Usage: T.

Dl -

n. peanut butter. Lit: 'squirrel food'. Usage: G.

Dz- dz

nHii n. meat (muskrat). Lit: 'muskrat meat'. Usage: G.

n. rump. Usage: [Note: refers to large animals such as caribou and moose]

n. stick fish. ·'stick fish'. Usage: T.

n. stick fish'. Usage: G.

divii tthai' n. mutton. Lit: 'sheep meat'. Usage:

n. meat (muskrat). Lit: 'muskrat meat'. Usage:

67

n. ribs. · 'ribs separated an "'"·""'''"'by means of butchering'. Usage:

n. leftovers. Lit: 'leftovers Usage:

- g

a

n. meat (rabbit). Lit: 'rabbit meat'. Usage: G .

.. ., ........ gaii n. potato chips. Lit: 'dried potatoes'. Usage:

I - i

iinehk'eh n. fat (inner rump). Lit: 'fat on the inside of caribou and moose rump'. Usage: T.

tyah zhit shih n. canned goods. Lit: 'food in a tin container'. Usage: T.

ik'eetthal' n. fat (inner rump). Lit: 'fat on the inside rump of moose and caribou'. Usage: T.

J - j

68

n. fat. Usage: B.

ghai' n. tallow. Lit: 'Fat grease.'. Usage:

n. bannock made with roe. Usage: G.

n. fruit (dried). Lit: 'big dry berry'. Usage: T.

...... ,4,.,., .. n. Usage: T.

n. apples (dried). Lit: 'dried apples'. Usage:

n. apples (dried). Usage: G.

n. meat (rabbit). Lit: 'rabbit meat'. Usage: B.

ineedzit soogaii n. honey. Lit: 'bee sugar'. Usage:

ineedzit soog~ji n. honey. Lit: 'bee sugar'.

Usage: G.

n. fat (back strip). Lit: 'fat on caribou or moose back strip'. Usage: T.

n. marrow. Lit: 'marrow'. Usage: B.

n. brisket. Lit: 'animal brisket'. Usage:

n.

n. Lit: 'Big berry juice.'. Usage: T.

n. fruit (dried). 'dry berries'. Usage:

n. rmsms. Usage: T.

K' ~

n. syrup, sap. Lit: 'birch juice'. Usage: G.

n. syrup, sap. Lit: 'birch juice'. Usage:

Kh kh

khaii n. lard. Lit: 'grease'. Usage: B.

khaii n. oil (cooking). Lit: 'cooking oil'.

L ~ I

Usage: B.

n. alcohol. Lit: 'fire water'. Usage:

n. tea. Lit: 'tea'. Usage: B. [Note: borrowed French word (lethe)]

n. muskeg tea. Usage: B.

n. coffee. Usage: [Note: borrowed French word (le cafe)]

tloo n.

n. '.Usage:

n. berries (boiled). 'boiled berries'. Usage:

n. fish eggs. Usage:

n. bannock made with roe. Usage: T.

khaii drinh n. grease (clear). Lit: 'clear (transparent) grease'. Usage:

khaii tthoo n. peanut butter. Lit: 'Brown grease/lard.'. Usage: T.

Ugeevir n. pepper. Lit: 'pepper'. Usage: [Note: borrowed from the French]

n. salt. Lit: 'salt'. Usage: B. [Note: borrowed French word (le sel)]

n. bacon. [Note: borrowed

cochon)]

69

n. Lit:

G. [Note: borrowed French word (le

leth n. flour. Usage: G.

tat n. baking powder. Lit: 'it is poured amongst flour'. Usage: G.

leth n. dough. Lit: 'kneaded flour'. Usage: G.

lethch'uh n. bannock. Usage: G.

dim' n. bread. Lit: 'raised bannock'. Usage: G.

lethch'uh dim ghoo n. buns. Lit: 'round raised bannock'. Usage: G.

lethch'uh dhandaii n. cake. Lit: 'sweet bannock'. Usage: G.

lethch'uh dhandaii n. cookies. Lit: 'sweet bannock'. Usage: G.

n. crackers. 'thin, dry

bannock'. Usage: G.

lethch'uh dok n. pancakes. Lit: 'soft bannock'.

70

Usage: G.

n. doughnuts. Lit: 'bannock with a hole'. Usage: G.

n. Usage:

n. Usage: [Note: (le cochon)]

n. cookies. 'sweet flour'. Usage: T.

gaii n. biscuit. Lit: 'dry flour'. Usage: T.

gaii n. crackers. Lit: 'thin, dry flour'. Usage: T.

tat tr'injal n. baking powder. Lit: 'it is poured amongst flour'. Usage: [Note: IEJ

hih dok n. pancakes. Lit: 'soft flour'. Usage: T.

h!h tloo n. pancake (batter). Lit: 'pancake batter'. Usage:

luhch'uh n. bannock. Usage: T.

luhch'uh dhandaii n. cake. Lit: 'sweet bannock'. Usage:

n. fried fish. Lit: 'fried fish'. Usage: B. [Note: can also be used for roasted fish (in oven or to fire)]

n. fish eggs. Lit: 'fish eggs'. Usage:

luk ts'ik n. fish guts. Usage:

tshl\,' n. fish broth. Lit: 'fish water'. Usage: G.

n. boiled fish. Lit: 'boiled fish'. Usage:

- m

vena'""". Usage: nArt'r\HT<~n English]

N-n

n. potatoes. Lit: has again.'. Usage: G.

n. milk(dry).Lit: milk.' Usage:

nilii n. meat (dried). Lit: 'dried

n. meat (fresh). Lit: 'fresh/raw meat'. potatoes.'. Usage: G. Usage: G.

gwinahshii n. potatoes. Lit: 'Grows on the land.'. Usage: T.

nilii gaii n. meat (dried). Lit: 'dried meat'. Usage: T.

s - s

soogaii n. sugar. Lit: 'sugar'. Usage: T.

soogaii lu' n. sugar cubes. Lit: 'hard sugar'. Usage: T.

suug~U n. sugar. Lit: 'sugar'. Usage: G.

shih n. food. Lit: 'food (meat in a large quantity)'. Usage:

n. meat (fresh). 'fresh/raw Usage: T.

nilii lib n. meat (fresh). Lit: 'fresh/raw meat'. Usage:

suug~U n. sugar cubes. Lit: 'hard sugar'.

Usage: G.

shih tshu' n. broth. Lit: 'meat water'. Usage:

71

T ~ t

Th ~

Tl' ~

tPoo

n. . Usage:

n. meat (bear). Lit: 'bear meat'. Usage:

n. pepper. Lit: 'ground . Usage:

tthili' n. meat (on the backbone). Lit: 'backbone meat from caribou or moose'. Usage:

n. onion. Usage: T.

tl'oo le' n. oatmeal. Usage: G.

~ tr

treh ditsik n. carrot. Lit: 'reddish root'. Usage: G.

Ts - ts

nilii n. meat (beaver). Lit: 'beaver meat'. Usage: G.

n. meat (beaver). Lit: 'beaver meat'.

Usage:

72

n. meat Lit:

Usage: G.

U' n. barley. Usage: T.

ditsik n. carrot. Lit: 'reddish root'. Usage: T.

tsee tth~li' n. meat (beaver). Lit: 'beaver meat'. Usage:

Tth' ~

tth'an

u u

~ v

n. raspberry. Usage:

n. rhubarb. Usage:

n. bone grease. Usage:

n. white man food. Usage:

n. dry fish. Usage:

vadzaih nilii n. meat (caribou). Lit: 'caribou meat'. Usage: T.

vich'eih tr'aajaa n. turnip. Lit: 'eating from it quickly'. Usage: G.

n. rhubarb. Usage:

tth'an n. bone Lit: 'bone juice'. Usage:

n. dry fish (bail). fish'. Usage: G.

'bail of dry

vich'ii tr'aajaa n. turnip. Lit: 'eating from it quickly'. Usage: T.

vihtth'an n. marrow Uaw). Lit: 'jaw bone marrow'. Usage: B.

73

A a

n. flashlight. Lit: 'light'. Usage:

B ~ b

n. baby crib. Lit: 'baby's bed'. Usage: T.

~ ch

n. blanket (down filled). Lit: 'feather blanket'. Usage: G.

n. pillow. Usage: G.

chiik'at dhoh n. pillowcase. Lit: 'pillow cover'. Usage: G.

chitr'ij'oo tyah n. honey bucket. Lit: 'pail for

going out'. Usage: B.

Ch' -

ch'ek daatlee' n. soap (dishwashing). Lit: 'dish soap'. Usage: G.

do,_hsro ... Q.' n. tea towel. Lit: 'towel for dishes'. Usage: G.

agoondaiP n. mosquito spray. Lit: 'medicine for mosquitoes'. Usage:

ch'iiniivyaa n. mosquito net or bar. Lit: 'mosquito tent'. Usage:

D ~ d

n. 'soap'. Usage:

74

n. baby bottle. it'. Usage: T.

'baby

chuh n. pillow. Lit: 'pillow'. Usage: [Note: also used to say down feathers]

n. pillow case. Lit: 'pillow cover'. Usage:

chuh ts'at n. blanket (down filled). Lit: 'feather blanket'. Usage:

chyah n. mattress. Usage:

daatnh n. soap (dish washing). Lit: 'dish soap'. Usage: T.

dohsroo n. tea towel. Lit: 'towel for dishes'. Usage: T.

n. grub box. Lit: 'plate container'. Usage:

n. wash Usage: G.

'Soap

n. soap. Lit: 'soap'. Usage:

n. 1romng Lit: 'Board used for straightening or flattening.'. Usage:

kak dhidlii n. Lit: 'They (objects) are on the floor.'. Usage: T.

kak n. rug shampoo. Lit: 'soap for rug'. Usage: G.

da;l:hCIO ts'at n. blanket (caribou fur). Lit: 'furry blanket'. Usage: T.

E - e

n. toilet paper. Lit: 'paper for wiping'. Usage: G.

- g

geh ts'at n. blanket (rabbit fur). Lit: 'rabbit blanket'. Usage:

gihdaniivaa t~i' n. door knob. Lit: 'door

handle'. Usage: G.

gihdaniivaa n. door knob. Lit: 'door handle'. Usage: T.

nahtsii n. vacuum cleaner. Lit: 'It picks up dirt.'. Usage: G.

gwakak alchuh v. cover (tarp). Lit: 'it is laid on top'. Usage: T.

n. spike. Lit: 'big . Usage: T.

I -

aid. Lit: 'it is stuck on one's Usage: G.

n. toilet paper. Lit: 'paper for wiping'. Usage: T.

n. paper towel. used for wiping'. Usage: G.

n. towel. ·'towel'. Usage:

n. towel. Lit: 'towel'. Usage:

gugwijiinjii gwakak gatr'aht'an n. band aid. Lit: 'it is stuck on one's injury'. Usage: T.

gugwijiinjii vah gwitl'ande' tr'ahchoh n. bandage (cloth). Lit: 'injury is wrapped with it'. Usage: T.

n. dryer (clothes). Lit: 'it dries clothes'. Usage: G.

gwitsak n. nails. Lit: 'nails'. Usage:

75

n. stove pipe elbow'. Usage:

or

'stove

n. stove pipe elbow. · 'stove

pipe elbow'. Usage: G.

n. dishpan. Lit: plate'. Usage:

n. washing machine. Lit: 'machine that washes clothes'. Usage:

ghoo n. padlock. Lit: 'Round metal.'. Usage: T.

K' -

ch'ek n. plate (birch bark). Lit: 'birch bark plate'. Usage: G.

Kh- kh

khaiijuuk'im' n. candle (homemade). Lit: 'grease burning'. Usage:

khaii juuk'im' iitsii n. furnace. Lit: 'oil burning stove/machine'.

khaii juuk'fm' iitsii n. stove (oil). Lit: 'oil burning stove'. Usage: B.

L - I

76

n. pail (oil). Lit: 'Oil pail'. Usage: B.

n. barrel. Usage: [Note: borrowed French (le baril)]

n. teapot. Lit: 'teapot'. Usage: [Note: borrowed French (le the)]

n. water 'Water poured through metal.'. Usage:

n. stove pipe. Lit: 'stove pipe'. Usage:

chum n. water pump. Lit: 'Water flows because of a machine.'. Usage: T.

n. stove (oil). Lit: 'stove that burns oil'. Usage:

iitsii n. toaster (electric). Lit: 'a machine used to burn bread.'. Usage: G.

ch'ik n. plate (birch bark). Lit: 'birch bark plate'. Usage:

khaii ty~h n. pail (oil). Lit: 'Oil pail'. Usage: G.

n. key. Usage: B. [Note: borrowed French]

lidlii n. padlock. Lit: 'round key'. Usage: G. [Note: borrowed (la cle ). This

to

n. container'. Usage: T. [Note:

(le cafe)]

n. coffee pot. Lit: 'coffee

container'. Usage: [Note: borrowed French (le cafe)]

L - I

lat k'iighe' n. smoke detector. Lit: 'it rings because of smoke'. Usage: T.

N- n

naniivyah n. curtains. Lit: 'something is hanging across'. Usage: T.

s - s

soogaii tyah n. sugar bowl. Lit: 'sugar container'. Usage: T.

- sh

ligis n. grub box. Lit: 'food box'. Usage: G.

Th-

Usage: [Note: caisse)]

n. bottle. Usage: T. [Note: Ts'iidaii word]

n. safety pin. Usage:

neniivaa n. curtains. Lit: 'something is hanging across'. Usage: G.

n. sugar bowl. Lit: 'sugar

container'. Usage: G.

77

n. basket (weaved). container'. Usage: B.

- tr

·'grass

troo n. wood box. 'wood container'. Usage:

Tr' - tr'

tr'iinin tsal dehk'it n. baby crib. Lit: 'small child's bed'. Usage: G.

Ts - ts

tsijiinch'ii tyah n. garbage can. Lit: 'container for useless things'. Usage: B.

Ts' ts'

n. blanket. Lit: 'blanket'. Usage:

U-u

n. bag. Lit: 'bag'. Usage: B.

tshuu dhah dhoh n. hot water bottle. Lit: 'hot water cover/skin'. Usage:

78

ts'at dagaii n. Hudson bay blanket. Lit: 'white blanket'. Usage: T.

tshqq dhoh n. hot water bottle. Lit: 'hot

water cover/skin'. Usage: G.

n. tea

container'. Usage:

n. barrel (water). Lit: 'water

barrel'. Usage: G.

V-v

dhoh ts'at n. blanket (caribou fur). Lit: 'caribou skin blanket'. Usage: G.

aadrii ghoo n. light bulb. Lit: 'A round item that creates light.'. Usage:

gihde' tr'idindoo n. lock (combination). Lit: 'It is twisted to lock.'. Usage: T.

vah gili~'jiitan n. broom. Lit: 'we sweep with it'. Usage: G.

vah gili'jiitan n. broom. Lit: 'we sweep with it'. Usage: T.

vah guk'e'tr'igw~hdii n. weigh scale. Lit: 'one

vah

is weighed with it'. Usage: T.

n. fire extinguisher. Lit: 'fire is extinguished with it'. Usage: G.

ne'tr'in~hchuu n. fire

extinguisher. Lit: 'fire is burned out with it'. Usage:

n.

Usage: [Note: also used to say cup]

n. wringer (manual). Lit: 'Wring out with '. Usage: G.

n. wringer (manual). Lit: 'Wring out with it.'. Usage: T.

vakak atr'adantl'oo n. desk. Lit: 'one writes on it'. Usage: T.

vakak datr'ijilch'eU n. couch. Lit: 'they sit on

it'. Usage: G.

vakak ii'aa n. table. Lit: 'we eat on it'. Usage: B.

vakak ii'aa tsal n. table (small). Lit: 'small table'. Usage: T.

vakak n. chair. Lit: 'for sitting on'. Usage: G.

guk'e'tr'ahdyee n. weigh scale. Lit: 'one is weighed with it'. Usage: G.

vi'ahdrii ghoo n. light bulb. Lit: 'round light'. Usage: G.

tsal n. clothes pin. Usage:

n. mirror. Lit: 'they look at it'. Usage:

79

80

n. ·'they look

at themselves it'. Usage: G.

n. bathtub. Lit: 'washes one's self in it'. Usage: T.

n. bathtub. Lit: 'washes one's self in it'. Usage: G.

n. wash basin. Lit: 'Face is '.Usage: T.

n. lalJll\:0111.

burns in it.'. Usage: T.

n. refrigerator.

· 'cold food is stored it'. Usage:

A- a

n. shot (I). Lit: 'I shot (with a gun).'. Usage: T.

n. shot (S/he). Lit: 's/he shot with a gun.'. Usage:

n. bow. Usage:

n. bow. Usage: G.

n. bowstring. Usage:

n. hunting sling. Lit: 'string for stone'. Usage: T.

D-d

dachan khyah n. trap (deadfall). Lit: 'Wooden trap.'. Usage:

n. trap (deadfall). ·'Wooden

trap.'. Usage: G.

n. moose caller (home made). Lit: 'sweeping.'. Usage: G. [Note: a cleaned shoulder blade of a moose which is swept against willows, used for calling moose during the fall hunt]

n. gun. Usage:

n. bullets. 'gun head'. Usage:

n. bowstring. Usage: G

diik'ee chi' dhoh n. shell bag. Lit: 'bullet bag I cover'. Usage: B.

diik'ee chi' ghoo n. shots (muzzle loader). Lit: 'round bullets'. Usage: B.

diik'ee n. rifle. Lit: 'big gun'. Usage: T.

dhoh n. gun case. Lit: 'gun cover'. Usage: T.

jilgoo n. shotgun (double barrel). Usage: T.

diik'ee jilgo~o .. n. shotgun (double barrel). Usage: G.

n. trigger. 'Gun's toes.'.

8

Dh-

n. gun'. Usage:

n. gun sight (back). Lit: 'rear of the gun'. Usage:

n. gun sight (back). Lit: 'rear of the gun'. Usage: G.

n. gun sight (front). center of the gun'. Usage:

v. killed. Lit: 'I killed '. Usage:

E - e

edzhi' n. club (antler). 'antler club'. Usage: B.

G- g

gyah ndit ihdih v. hunch (for a good hunt).

I - i

J j

82

Lit: 'I am having a hunch for a good hunt.'. Usage: T.

n. trap (steel). Lit: 'steel trap'.

Usage:

n. shot (I). Lit: 'I shot it (with a gun).'. Usage: T.

). Lit:

n. '""-''~~,,~

gun.'. Usage: B.

n. moose place. Lit: 'A place where a moose was shot.'. Usage:

k'P n. arrow. Lit: . Usage: T.

Kh

L - l

n. Lit: 'arrowhead'. Usage: T.

n. arrow (notch at back end). 'rear end of the arrow'. Usage:

n. arrow feather. · 'arrow feather'. Usage: T.

n. club. Usage:

n. trap. Lit: 'trap'. Usage: T.

ligarben n. rifle. Lit: 'rifle'. Usage: G. [Note: borrowed from the French]

N n

ne'ahtal n. shooting (singular). Lit: 's/he is shooting.'. Usage:

T - t

tal n. arrow (for small game). Lit: 'arrow for rats and birds'. Usage:

ts

n. pelt stretcher (beaver). Usage: G.

n. arrow. Usage:

n. arrowhead. Lit: 'arrowhead'. Usage: G.

n. arrow feather. Lit: feather'. Usage: G.

n. trap. Lit: 'trap'. Usage:

n. bait (trap). Lit: 'trap food'. Usage:

ne'gahtal n. shooting (plural). Lit: 'They are shooting.'. Usage:

83

a

n. sand Lit: 'sand fly'. Usage:

n. beetle (water). Usage:

- ch'

n. mosquito. Lit: 'mosquito'. Usage:

D - d

dachan ahkhoo n. termite. Lit: 'it's chewing away wood'. Usage: T.

dachan gyq' n. termite. Lit: 'wood worm'.

Usage: G.

- g

gndeed:rii n. spider. Lit: 'spider'. Usage: B.

gndeed:rii chihvyaa' n. cobweb. Lit: 'spider net'. Usage: G.

n. spider web. 'spider

gndeed:rii n. spider web. Lit: 'weaved by a spider'. Usage: G.

n. worm. Lit: 'worm'. Usage: T.

84

n. beetle (water). Usage:

n. blue fly. Usage: T.

d~U n. blue fly. Usage: G.

gyqq n. worm. Lit: 'worm'. Usage: G.

n. caterpillar. Lit: 'hairy worm'. Usage:

n. caterpillar. Lit: 'Black,

worm.'. Usage:

n. (larva). Usage:

I

n. dragonfly. Lit: flying'. Usage:

- n

n. butterfly. Lit: 'it flies'. Usage: T.

nannht'ee vee tsal n. moth. Lit: 'small gray butterfly'. Usage: T.

nanuht'yee' n. butterfly. Lit: 'it flies'. Usage:

Sh -

G.

ahtr'aa n. dragonfly. Lit: 'my grandfather is flying'. Usage: G.

- t'

n. grasshopper. Usage:

n. horsefly (bulldog). Usage: G.

n. bee hive. 'bee nest'. Usage:

ts'ik n. wasp. · 'skinny bee'. Usage:

n. horsefly (bulldog). Usage: T.

neejii' n. ant. Usage: B.

nin tPak n. fleas (animal). Lit: 'animal bugs'. Usage: B.

85

V-v

n. · 'quills at its 'quills at its rectum'. Usage: G.

n. lice. Lit: 'lice'. Usage: zhoh n. fleas (snow). 'crawling

n. lice. Lit: 'lice'. Usage: T. on the snow'. Usage: T.

zhoh kak n. fleas (snow). 'crawling on the snow'. Usage: G.

86

D-d

n. hair pin. Lit: 'hooked on to one's hair.'. Usage:

n. Lit: 'hangs the ear'. Usage:

I

iitsii

n. bracelet. Lit: 'strung around one's wrist'. Usage: G.

v. broach. Lit: 'metal on

one's chest'. Usage: G.

inleetth'ak n. ring. Lit: 'ring'. Usage: G.

k'oh n. necklace. Lit: 'put around the neck.'. Usage:

N- n

nidinaazhii n. necklace. Lit:

'beads put around the neck'. Usage: G.

dzee n. 'ear string'. Usage: G.

n. ring. Lit: 'ring'. Usage:

87

gii n. godchild. Lit: 'accepting a child

J - j

as one's own'. Usage:

n. godchild. Lit: 's/he is having him/her as his/her child'. Usage:

n. groomsman. Lit: 'one's father'. Usage: G.

jijii n. grandfather. Usage: [Note: baby talk, general term is shitsii]

Kh kh

khaiints'an' n. youngest. Lit: 'youngest of the family'. Usage: T.

- m

n. mother. Lit: 'my mother'. Usage:

N- n

na'aa n. mother. Lit: 'my mother'. Usage:

88

n.

godparents. Lit: 's/he was baptized on their palm'. Usage: G.

n. wives (their). Lit: 'their women'. Usage: G.

jijuu n. grandmother. Usage: [Note: baby talk, general term is shitsuu]

n. mother. Lit: 'my mother'. Usage: G.

s s

n. daughter (my youngest). Lit: 'my youngest daughter (Father's term)'. Usage:

- sh

n. brother-in-law. Lit: brother-in-law (wife's brother)'. Usage: B.

sha'at n. wife (my). Lit: 'my wife'. Usage: T.

n. cousin (my). Lit: 'my cousin (younger boy)'. Usage: T.

shaghaii n. brother-in-law. Lit: 'my brother-in­law (husband's brother)'. Usage: T.

shaghaii n. sister-in-law (my). Lit: 'my sister­in-law (older brother's wife)'. Usage: B.

shahimh n. mother (my). Lit: 'my mother'. Usage: B.

shao n. nephew (my). Lit: 'my nephew (sister's son)'. Usage: G.

shao n. niece (my). Lit: 'my niece (sister's daughter)'. Usage: G.

n. girlfriend (my). Lit: 'my girlfriend'. Usage: T.

sheedeenuh n. son-in-law (my). Lit: 'my son­in-law (mother's term)'. Usage:

sheejii n. cousin (my). Lit: 'my cousin (older girl)'. Usage: T.

n. sister (older). Lit: 'my older sister'. Usage:

n. brother-in-law. · 'my brother-in-law (wife's brother)'. Usage: G.

n. aunt (my). Lit: 'my aunt(mother's sister)'. Usage: B.

shichaa n. nephew (my). Lit: 'my nephew (brother's son)'. Usage: B.

shicheii n. daughter-in-law (my). Lit: 'my daughter-in-law (mother's term)'. Usage: T.

shicheii n. grandchild. Lit: 'my grandchild (grandmother's term)'. Usage:

shichi' n. daughter (my). Lit: 'My daughter (father's term)'. Usage: T.

shichi' chit n. daughter (my eldest). Lit: 'my eldest daughter (father's term)'. Usage: T.

shichii n. daughter-in-law (my). Lit: 'my daughter-in-law (father's term)'. Usage: T.

n. grandchild (my). Lit: 'my grandchild (grandfather's term)'. Usage: T.

n. son-in-law (my). Lit: 'my son-in­law (father's term)'. Usage: T.

shidaazhaa kat n. family (extended). Lit: 'My extended family.'. Usage: T.

.. ........ "'"' .. n. cousins. Lit: 'My cousins.'. Usage:

89

n. (my). Lit:

man'. Usage:

n. godson (my). Lit: 'my son (father's term)'. Usage: T.

n. son (my eldest). son (father's term)'. Usage: T.

eldest

n. son (my youngest). Lit: 'my youngest son (father's term)'. Usage:

n. husband (my). Lit: 'my man'. Usage: B.

shijaa n. friend (my). Lit: 'my friend'. Usage: B.

shijadh n. niece (my). Lit: 'my niece (brother's daughter)'. Usage: G. [Note: Also means my younger sister.]

shijuu n. cousin (my). Lit: 'my cousin (younger girl)'. Usage: T.

shijim' n. niece (my). Lit: 'my niece (brother's daughter)'. Usage: T. [Note: Also means my younger sister]

shijim' n. sister (younger). Lit: 'my younger sister'. Usage: T.

nathilit n. stepsister (younger). 'She became younger sister.'. Usage:

shijyidh n. sister (younger). Lit: 'my younger sister'. Usage: G.

shijyidh khaints'an' n. sister (younger). Lit: 'my younger sister'. Usage: G.

90

khaints'im' n. stepsister (my youngest). Lit: 'She became my younger sister.'. Usage:

n. . Usage: B.

kat n. friends (my). friends'. Usage:

n. godchild (my). Lit: 's/he was baptized on palm'. Usage: T.

n. godchild

(my). Lit: 's/he was baptized on my palm'. Usage: G.

'my old lady'.

shiti' n. father (my). Lit: 'my father'. Usage:

shitii n. uncle (my). Lit: 'my uncle (father's brother)'. Usage: G.

shitye' n. father (my). Lit: 'my father'. Usage: G.

shitye' nathilit n. stepfather (my). Lit: 'He became my father.'. Usage: G.

shitlih n. friend (best). Lit: 'my best friend.'. Usage:

Usage: G. [Note: The elders say this is an Inuit word]

shitr'iinjoo' n. wife (my). Lit: 'my woman'. Usage:

n. father-in-law (my). Lit: 'my law (wife's term)'. Usage:

Lit:

n. mother-in-law (my). Lit: 'my mother-in-law (wife's . Usage:

n. grandmother. Lit: grandmother'.

Usage:

n. brother (younger). Lit: 'my younger brother'. Usage:

n. sister-in-law (my). Lit: 'my sister­in-law (younger brother's wife)'. Usage:

shiyeets'i' n. daughter (my). Lit: 'My daughter (mother's term)'. Usage: T.

shiyeets'i chit n. daughter (my eldest). Lit: 'my eldest daughter (mother's term)'. Usage: T.

shiyeets'i' khaints'an' n. daughter (my youngest). Lit: 'my youngest daughter (mother's term)'. Usage: T.

shiyuughwim n. father-in-law (my). Lit: 'my father-in-law (husband's term)'. Usage: B.

shizheh k'ao n. immediate family (my). Lit: 'my family'. Usage: G.

...... ., ....... k'oo n. immediate family (my). Lit: 'my family'. Usage:

T - t

n. godson (my). Lit: 'my son (mother's term)'. Usage:

n. father. Usage:

n. son youngest). youngest son (mother's term)'. Usage:

n. uncle (my). Lit: 'my uncle (mother's brother)'. Usage:

n. aunt (my). Lit: 'my aunt (father's sister)'. Usage:

n. mother-in-law (my). Lit: 'my mother-in-law (husband's term)'. Usage:

n. niece (my). Lit: 'my niece (sister's daughter)'. Usage: T.

shun n. nephew (my). Lit: 'my nephew (sister's son)'. Usage:

n. uncle (my). Lit: 'my uncle (mother's brother)'. Usage:

shuundee n. brother (older). Lit: 'my older brother'.

shuundee n. cousin (my). Lit: 'my cousin (older boy)'. Usage: T.

shuundee chit dhidlit n. stepbrother (my eldest). Lit: 'he became my older brother'. Usage: G.

shuundee nathilit n. stepbrother (my older). Lit: 'He became my older brother.'. Usage: G.

n. aunt (my). Lit: sister)'. Usage: G.

aunt( father's

91

92

n. adopted family.

Lit: 'a child was given to them'. Usage:

n. brother (youngest). Lit: 'youngest boy'. Usage: G.

tr'Hnin n. adopted

Lit: 'a child was given away'. Usage: B.

n. slime. Lit: 'Green slime on water of rivers and lakes.'. Usage:

n. water (rusty colored). Lit: 'Rusty colored water.'. Usage:

n. slime. Lit: 'Green slime on rocks the water of rivers and lakes.'. Usage: T.

chii n. rock. Lit: 'rock/stone'. Usage:

chii n. stone. Lit: 'stone or rock'. Usage:

n. gold. Lit: 'expensive rock'. Usage: G.

n. gold. Lit: 'expensive rock'. Usage: T.

chii hidh n. hill side. Lit: 'along the side of rock'. Usage: G.

D- d

dachan tat tshin juu'aii n. rain forest. Lit: 'constantly raining among the woods'. Usage: T.

dagoghoh n. foam (on water). Lit: 'it is bubbling'. Usage: B.

Dr-

n. water (in the late spring season).

Lit: 'spring water'. Usage: G.

n. rain water (on trees). Lit: 'rain water on trees'. Usage:

n. hill (steep). 'downwards slope'. Usage:

kak nin k'it n. fossil. Lit: 'animal images on old rocks'. Usage:

tsal n. rock (small). · 'small rock'. Usage: T.

n. rock (strange looking).

Lit: 'strange looking rock'. Usage:

zhit n. rampart. Lit: 'In the rocks.'. Usage: G.

dinzhit n. canyon. Lit: 'passage through a rock'. Usage: B.

dohghwili' n. salt (mineral). Lit: 'mineral salt'. Usage: T.

adv. downstream. Lit:

'flowing down stream'. Usage: G.

93

- ddh

n. 'along the bottom of Usage:

. Usage:

ddhah n. 'mountain ridge'. Usage: G.

ghoo n. mountain (treeless). 'round mountain'. Usage:

E - e

n. land (snowless patch). Lit: 'a patch of land with no snow in the spring.'. Usage: T.

ehdii n. timber stand. Usage: T.

G- g

geek'ii n. mountain ridge. Usage:

geek'H n. hill ridge. Usage: G.

n. point. Lit: 'At a point of land.'. Usage: T.

gohdatshimdHaijn. rapids. Lit: 'Strong currents

94

flowing through a narrow channel'. Usage: G.

ddhah mountains. Lit: 'creek flowing between the mountains'. Usage:

n. mountain (foot of). Lit: bottom of the mountain'. Usage: T.

dha'aii n. lone mountain. Lit: 'a separate mountain a place by itself'. Usage:

n. timber stand. Usage:

gwichoo n. slough. Lit: 'big slough'. Usage: T.

guk'an choo v. burnt (large area). Lit: 'large burnt area ofland'. Usage: T.

guk'iits'ik n. shortcut. Usage: T.

guugak n. land (clear location). Lit: 'Clear open space ofland, small area.'. Usage: G.

n. land (barren). 'in view'. Usage: G.

n. land (clear location). ·'clear

land, meadow'. Usage:

n. (clear location).

'clear land, meadow plain view.'. Usage: B.

n. swampy place. Lit: 'wet ground with lots ofwater'. Usage:

n. land (large flat area). Lit: 'large flat area ofland'. Usage: B.

gwichyah kak n. land (large flat area). Lit: 'large flat area ofland'. Usage: G.

gwididlan n. hill (steep). Lit: 'downwards slope'. Usage: G.

gwihdaltaih n. path. Lit: 'I use the same path all the time.'. Usage: T.

- h

han n. river. Lit: 'river'. Usage: B.

han n. mouth of river. Lit: 'at the

mouth of the river'. Usage: G.

gwinii'ee n. channel (river). Lit: 'through the river'. Usage:

n. river (skinny). Lit: 'skinny river'. Usage: T.

n. Lit: currents flowing through a narrow channel.'. Usage: T.

n. mud slide. Lit: 'mud slide or avalanche'. Usage: T.

n. dirt. Usage:

n. sulphur. Usage: T.

n. creek (head of). Lit: 'head of a creek or river'. Usage:

n. trail. Lit: 'a trail used all the time and is clearly visible from a long distance away'. Usage: T.

goo'aii n. land (clear location). Lit: 'Clear space ofland.'. Usage: T.

n. land (clear location). Lit: 'In plain view.'. Usage: T.

gwizrUghoh n. hill (low treeless). Usage: G.

n. river (around a bend). Lit: 'bend in a river'. Usage: T.

n. frozen river. Lit: frozen over'. Usage: G.

te'jahgwanh n. river (shallow). Lit: 'shallow river'. Usage:

95

J - j

n. water (calm). Lit: 'Calm water.'. Usage: G.

K' k'

n. eddy (large). Usage:

- kh

njik n. creek (mountain). Lit: 'creek in the mountains'. Usage: T. [Note: applies only to creeks in mountains]

khat~Ulaii n. stream. Lit: 'Water streaming out

of a mountain.'. Usage:

L - I

n. mud. Lit: 'mud'. Usage: G.

ant' at n. mud (sticky). Lit: 'sticky mud'. Usage:

96

n. eddy. Lit: 'flowing backward'.

Usage: G.

khatanahaii n. spring (water). Lit: 'water streaming out'. Usage: T.

leth g~U n. mud (dry & cracked). Lit: 'an

area of dry, cracked mud'. Usage: G.

n. sandbar. Lit: 'Dry, cracked mud.'. Usage:

n.

luh n. unuuu n. Usage:

two

n. channel (river). 'Two

channels join and become one.'. Usage:

N-n

n. waterfall. Lit: 'water flowing from a high place'. Usage:

n. waterfall. Lit: 'water flowing

from a high place'. Usage: G.

nan n. earth. Lit: 'earth, land, ground'. Usage: B.

nan n. ground. Lit: 'ground I land I earth'. Usage: B.

nan n. land. Lit: 'land/ground'. Usage: B.

nan ghoo n. pingo. Lit: 'round ground'. Usage: G.

nan ghoo khaak'at n. pingo. Lit: 'Protruding round ground.'. Usage: T.

nan kak n. earth. Lit: 'all over the land'.

nan t~\F n. ground (hard). Lit: 'hard ground'. Usage:

nan gweedii n. tunnel. Lit: 'a passage underground'. Usage: G.

luh n. sandbar. Lit: cracked mud.'. Usage: T.

vee t'at n. clay. Lit: 'gray sticky mud'. Usage:

nan n. permafrost. Lit: 'it is frozen under the ground'. Usage:

nan n. ground (soft). Lit: 'soft ground'. Usage: B.

nan trah n. ground (wet). Lit: 'wet ground'. Usage: B.

nan tshu' n. groundwater. Usage:

natanihaih v. flooded. Lit: 'It is flooded'. Usage:

natanihee n. flooded. Lit: 'It flooded'. Usage: B.

nataniidih n. water (high). Lit: 'high water'. Usage: T.

n. flood. Usage:

adj. circumpolar. Lit: 'all over our land'. Usage:

n. moss. Lit: 'moss'. Usage:

nitaiinlaii n. waterfall. Lit: 'water flowing from a high place'. Usage: T.

97

n. tent

- 0

ok n. eddy. Usage: T.

T - t

n. gravel. Usage:

n. sand. Lit: 'sand'. Usage:

n. water (dropping). Lit: 'water is dropping'. Usage:

n. frozen over. Lit: 'frozen lake'. Usage:

or

taih n. hill. Usage:

tl:}ih n. hill (bald). Lit: 'bald hill'. Usage: G.

taii n. road. Lit: 'road, path, trail'. Usage: T.

taii n. trail. Lit: 'trail, road, path'. Usage: T.

n. path. Lit: 'path/trail/road'. Usage: T.

n. path. Lit: 'path, trail, road'. Usage:

tl:}ii n. road. Lit: 'road, path, trail'. Usage: G.

98

11.

n. eddy (large). Usage:

n. hill (low treeless). Lit: 'Gravel hill.'. Usage:

tl:}ij n. trail. Lit: 'trail, road, path'. Usage: G.

tajiltyin n. puddle. Lit: 'puddle'. Usage:

tajithitroo n. lake (dry). Lit: 'A dried out lake.'. Usage: T.

tajimdlii n. puddles. Lit: 'Puddles scattered all over.'. Usage: T.

tatijuh n. water (drained). Lit: 'water drained out of a lake or creek and it has dried up'. Usage:

teeghee n. shore. Lit: 'The edge of the water.'. Usage: G.

n. creek.

n. watercourse along base of mountain. Usage:

teet'ih n. valley. Lit: 'valley, deep place in the ground'. Usage:

teetl'yaa n. waves. Lit: 'waves from a swimming animal'. Usage:

teevee n. shore. Lit: 'water's edge'. Usage:

n. 'pond'. Usage:

n. waves. Lit: 'waves'. Usage:

n. waves (big). 'big waves'. Usage:

tit n. waves (small). Lit: 'small waves'. Usage: B.

tit n. waves (small). Usage: [Note: Ts'iidaii word]

- th

n. point. Lit: 'Point of a river.'. Usage:

Tl' -

tl'eedik n. river ban1c Lit: 'bank of a river'. Usage: T.

Tr' - tr'

tr'aataii n. path. Lit: 'a path over a long distance'. Usage:

Ts ts

tsaih n. ochre. Usage: B.

n. water

Usage: B.

n. waves. Lit: 'waves'. Usage: G.

n. waves (big). Lit: 'big waves'. Usage:

n. whitecaps. Lit: 'Wave teeth'. Usage:

thidii n. point (long). 'a long point'. Usage: T.

n. point. Lit: 'Point of a river.'. Usage: G.

tl'oo gwa'al n. marsh. Usage: T.

n. creek water. Lit: 'water running

the early spring'. Usage:

tsee n. beaver darn. Usage: T.

99

tshuu n. water. Lit: . Usage:

n. water. 'water'. Usage:

n. ocean. ·'big water'. Usage:

n. ocean. Lit: 'big water'. Usage:

G.

tshuu n. water (fresh). Lit: 'fresh or cold water'. Usage: T.

tshuu daa'U n. water (dripping). Lit: 'water is dripping'. Usage:

tshqq daa 'il n. water (dripping). Lit: 'water is

dripping'. Usage: G.

dak v. water is rising. Lit: 'water is rising'. Usage:

n. water (clear). Lit: 'clear, transparent water'. Usage:

tshuu n. water (cold). Lit: 'cold water'. Usage: T.

n. water (clear). Lit: 'clear,

transparent water'. Usage: G.

100

tshuu

n. water stopped. stopped rising'. Usage: T .

'water

............. "' ... n. water (smelly). Lit: 'smelly water'. Usage:

n. water

water'. Usage:

n. water (warm). Lit:

water'. Usage:

tshuu niint'aii n. rapids. Lit: 'Strong water.'. Usage: T.

tshuu niint'aii n. water (swift). Lit: 'strong water'. Usage: T.

niint'aii n. water (swift). Lit: 'strong

water'. Usage: G.

n. water (under). Lit: 'under water'. Usage: T.

n. water (under). Lit: 'under water'.

Usage: G.

vee n. water (muddy). Lit: 'gray water'. Usage: B.

Usage:

V-v

van n. lake. Lit: 'lake'. Usage:

van choo n. lake (large). Lit: 'large lake'. Usage: B.

van k'eevee n. lake (edge of). Lit: 'along the edge of a lake'. Usage: T.

van tsal n. lake (small). Lit: 'small lake'. Usage: T.

van vee n. lake (edge of). Lit: 'along the edge of a lake'. Usage: B.

n. hill (steep). Lit: 'steep hill'. Usage: G.

Y-y

yeedi' n. stream (down). Lit: 'It is flowing down.'. Usage: T.

'water is going

vihsraii n. river bank (steep). Lit: 'steep river bank'. Usage: T.

vihsr~U n. riverbank (steep). Lit: 'steep river

bank'. Usage: G.

n. flint. Usage: T.

vitroht'it n. hill (on the side of). Lit: 'On the side of a hill.'. Usage: T.

101

A~ a

n. preVIOUS record. Lit: 'Paper saying what s/he has already done.'. Usage:

v. identified (themselves). made themselves known to

them'. Usage:

n. intent. Lit: 'I think I will do that.'. Usage:

deedi'in giiyahnuh n. allegation. Lit: 'they said that s/he did this'. Usage: T.

atr'oodahkat n. court. ·'questioning'. Usage:

tatr'igwahaandal v. crown's election. Lit: 'people will be chosen for court'. Usage: T.

atr'oodahkat ejee tr'igwinii'aii v. change of venue. Lit: 'court was changed'. Usage: T.

atr'oodahkat geenjit gisriinigigiheelyaa n. preliminary hearing. Lit: 'They will prepare for court.'. Usage: T.

atr'oodahkat gwizhit vat'agwahdahch'aa kwah adj. inadmissible. Lit: 'it won't be used in court'. Usage:

c c

102

gwizhit iisrits'at atr'oodahkat n. supreme court. Lit: 'The most prominent court in Canada.'. Usage:

v. commit for trial. Lit: 'you will sit in court'. Usage:

n. bench warrant. Lit: 'paper for going to court'. Usage:

adj. unfit to stand trial. Lit: 'It is not easy for him/her to go to court.'. Usage: T.

n.

subpoena. Lit: 'Paper saying that you have to go to court.'. Usage:

atr'oodahkat nihUhaa gwi'dinehtl'ee'

summons. Lit: 'Paper for you to go to court.'. Usage: T.

n.

atr'oodahkat ndoo natr'igwichuu'aii n. remanded. Lit: 'court was moved forward to another time'. Usage:

atr'oodahkat zheh n. courtroom. Lit: 'court house, questioning house'. Usage:

chan n. court <HHJHA'6>A nronr>rT':>ftY court

D-d

n. law. Usage:

n. Lit: 'law'. Usage:

n. bar. Lit: 'Lawyers and Judges'. Usage: T.

E - e

eji:ak ts'aii veenjit natr'igwitahtsaa n. alternative measures. Lit: 'it will be done differently for him/her'. Usage:

- g

Lit: 'S/he is repeating everything that was said.'. Usage:

·T.

n. certificate. Lit: 'paper for birth'. Usage:

n. ballistics. Lit: 's/he knows about bullets'. Usage:

n. adult court. Lit: 'an older man is being questioned'. Usage: T.

n. native custom. Lit: 'Living the Aboriginal people's way of life.'. Usage: T.

eji:ak ts'fd ganagiinjih n. discrepancy. Lit: 'they are saying something different'. Usage: T.

gogwinii'ee dinithatl'oo n. act. Lit: 'a plan was written'. Usage: T.

103

v. ban on publication. Lit: 'people reporting news talk about it'. Usage:

I - i

v. deterrent. Lit: 'lead away.'.

nagwahahtsah n. sentencing. Lit: 'You will make up for the wrong you have done.'. Usage: T.

n. sexual assault. Lit: 'S/he did something very bad to him/her.'. Usage:

idinii acij. impaired. Lit: 's/he is under the influence of alcohol'. Usage: T.

iheedinjyaa kwaa eenjit voozri' dinehtl'eh kak tr'idinuutl'oh n. interdict list. Lit: 'His/her name has been written down so s/he can't drink alcohol.'. Usage:

J - j

jidii tajimdhat ihlee acij. circumstantial evidence. Lit: 'no one saw what took place'. Usage:

k'eejit nat n. youth. Lit: 'young people'. Usage: T.

104

n. arson. Usage:

n. affidavit of service. Lit: 'a written document was given'. Usage: T.

v. accede (to give permission). Lit: 's/he agrees'. Usage:

n. affidavit. Lit: 'what was seen is being written down'. Usage: T.

v. abscond. in hiding'. Usage: T.

's/he went

ihlee tr'imnjik n. abduction. Lit: 'one was taken'. Usage: T.

iisrits'at gahdandaii n. expert witness. Lit: 'Very intelligent person'. Usage: T.

izhuu uuzri' diniintl'oh n. forgery. Lit: 's/he wrote another person's name'. Usage:

k'eejit tehk'oo t'idi'in gwi'dinehtl'ee' n. criminal record (youth). Lit: 'paper for a young person who has broken the law'. Usage:

L - l

n. abuse. being abused.'. Usage:

'S/he is

v.tr. abused. Lit: 'S/he was abused.'. Usage: T.

v. abscond. Lit: 's/he left be found'. Usage:

can't

N-n

ts'at geenjit tr'igwaandak kwah n. in camera. Lit: 'It is being kept secret

and not talked about.'. Usage: T.

nagwitahtsaa n. restitution. Lit: 'it will be repaid'. Usage: T.

nan gwitr'it t'agwahah'aa geenjit lagwiinaadhan gwiltsaii n. access agreement. Lit: 'an agreement was made for work to be done on the land'. Usage: T.

nan vidatr'igwijilcheih n. crown rights. Lit: 'land claims not settled'. Usage:

n. marriage. Lit: 'they live with each other'. Usage: T.

n. adjournment. Lit: 'it has ended'. Usage:

n. confession. · 'S/he is telling what s/he has done.' Usage:

v. breach of trust. Lit: 's/he broke a promise'. Usage: T.

n. treaty. Lit: 'Two parties want the same thing.'. Usage:

nihkhatr'igw~hchii geenjit dinehtl'eh

n.pl. banns (marriage). Lit: 'paper for wedding'. Usage: T.

nikhweenjit gwik'it goonlii n. rights (our). Lit: 'it is true for us'. Usage: T.

gwi'dinehtl'ee' n. search warrant. Lit: 'Paper for searching.'. Usage: T.

105

- 0

oonoo

customary marriage. way

T t

tehk'oo n. crime. Lit: 'a crime has been committed'. Usage: T.

n. offender. Lit: 's/he did something wrong'. Usage:

Tr' - tr'

n.

tr'iinin diintl'atr'~hchih n. adoption (child).

Lit: 'A child is being given to them'. Usage: T.

tr'oodhilch'eii n. hearing (judicial). Lit: are listening.'. Usage:

Ts - ts

tseedhoh tr'oonjik v. kidnapping.

106

Lit: 'One was taken in exchange for money.'. Usage: T.

adj. accessory. Lit: 'S/he is helping him/her while s/he is doing wrong.'. Usage: T.

tr'ootim' v. incarcerate. Lit: 'Sihe is being detained'. Usage: T

geenjit oozri' empanelling the jury. for court'. Usage:

n. 'choosing names

n. jury'. Usage: T.

goo v. return to verdict.

Lit: 'the jury will say if s/he did it or not'. Usage: T.

n. sequester. Lit: 'The jury will stay together in one place.'. Usage: T.

- v

vah dagwidU'e' ejuk n.

amending formula. Lit: 'they are changing the law for it'. Usage: T.

vanatr'idiinjik v. discharge. Lit: 'he was released'. Usage: T.

vat'agwWee guuzhik tr'iinjii

adj. accessory (after the fact). Lit: 'S/he is helping him/her while s/he is trouble'. Usage: T.

veenjit tr'igoovijkat k'iighe' zheh gwaazraii

cheedizhii n. free on bail. Lit: 's/he came out of jail because they paid for him/her'. Usage:

nat

jury. Lit: 'speaking to the ones who are listening'. Usage:

adv. alias. · 's/he

used a different name'. Usage: T.

n. fraud. Lit: 's/he is lying'. Usage: T.

vide'tr'idiniintyin n. detention. Lit: 's/he was locked up'. Usage: T.

vigwindaii kwaa adj. insane. Lit: 'S/he has no mind.'. Usage: T.

vihde'tr'ehdeechyaa geenjit dinehtl'eh n.

detention order. Lit: 'paper for locking him/her up'. Usage:

vik'andehtr'ahnahtyah n. probation. Lit: 'S/he will be watched.'. Usage:

ne'tr'itanaa'ik v. stalking. Lit: 'S/he is sneaking behind him/her.'. Usage: T.

v. acquitted. released'. Usage:

's/he was

vinatr'idiinjik tr'igwiltsaii n. acquittal. Lit: 's/he was allowed to be released'. Usage: T.

dagwidi'in gwik'iighe' khainji'daadhat adj. adversely affected. Lit: 's/he is suffering because of what occurred in ofhim/her'. Usage:

107

Lit: lS

n. assault causing bodily Lit: 's/he hurt him/her'. Usage: T.

n. homicide. Lit: 's/he killed him/her'. Usage:

- zh

zheh n. jail. Lit: 'Blackened house.'. Usage: T.

n. prison. Lit: 'prison'. Usage: T.

zheh n. imprisonment. Lit: 'one who sits in jail'. Usage:

108

n. attempted murder. Lit: 'S/he is trying to him/her.'. Usage:

n. jail. Lit: 'Blackened house.'.

Usage: G.

- a

n. Mad Cow Disease. Lit: 'A cow is sick and staggering around.'. Usage:

adah v. suffer. 'S/he is suffering him/herself.'. Usage: T.

· 'medicine'. Usage: B.

n. eno. Lit: 'boiling medicine'. Usage: G.

agoondaii n. anesthetic. Lit: 'Medicine used to put people to sleep.'. Usage: T.

chigwits'ik n. diarrhea. Lit: 'sickness in the insides'. Usage: B.

Ch' - ch'

ch'at timmtroh n. muscle cramp. Lit: 'tightened muscle'. Usage: G.

D- d

adj. trembling. Lit: 's/he is trembling'. Usage: B.

dachan dril vah diiyihdaii tr'igwinah'in n. tongue depressor. Lit: 'A thin piece of wood used to look at one's throat.'. Usage: T.

n. blood clot. Usage:

a nan

v. swollen. Lit: 'It is swollen.'. Usage:

v. swollen. Lit: 'It is swollen.'. Usage:

n. hunchback. Lit: 'Crooked back'.

Usage: G.

chii n. kidney stone. Lit: 'stone in the kidney'. Usage:

chilghoh n. shock. Lit: 'S/he got scared.'. Usage: G.

chm.mdal n. blister. Usage:

agoondilii' n. aspirin. Lit: 'Medicine for one's head.'. Usage: T.

diichi' elts'ik agoondaii n. aspirin. Lit: 'Head ache medicine.'. Usage: G.

..... .._ .. n srehtat gidilii n. stomach damage. Lit: 'One's stomach is damaged.'. Usage:

n. muscle cramp. Lit: 'one's muscle is stretching'. Usage:

109

n.

one's chest.'. Usage: T.

srehtat n. liver damage. Lit: 'damaged liver'. Usage:

n. heart attack. 'one's heart stopped suddenly'. Usage:

v. heart damage. Usage:

n. ear ache. Lit: 'pain one's ear'. Usage: T.

n. ear ache. Lit: 'one's ear hurts'. Usage:

n. ear ache. Lit: 'pain in

one's ear'. Usage: G.

diigyin elts'ik n. sore arm. Lit: 'one's arm is sore'. Usage: T.

diigho' jat n. cavity (tooth). Lit: 'one's rotten teeth'. Usage: B.

diigho' zhit nagwahtsii n. tooth filling. Lit: 'The inside of the tooth is restored.'. Usage: T.

diigwidiinjik gwakak gatr'aht'an n. band aid. Lit: 'it is stuck on one's injury'. Usage: G.

uun.an. gwijithitl'oo n. bruise. Lit: 'blue on one's body'. Usage: B.

diika'uujil n.pl. measles. Lit: 'small bumps spread all over on the body'. Usage: B.

110

n. rash. Lit: 'small bumps spread over the body'. Usage: B.

n. on

body'. Usage: G.

n. spina bifida. Lit: 'Hole in one's back bone.'. Usage: T.

n. gall stone. one's gallbladder'. Usage:

'stone

n. abortion. Lit: 'A child's life is ended by surgery.'. Usage: T.

n. surgery. Lit: 'They are being cut.'. Usage:

diitr'it'yee n. surgery. Lit: 'They are being cut.'. Usage: G.

diitr'oo srehtat gidilii n. kidney damage. Lit: 'Damaged kidneys.'. Usage:

diivat zhit dah naghah dhich'ah n. ulcer. Lit: 'Blood clot in the stomach tore.'. Usage: T.

diiyah an gwitadaadhak n. seizure. Lit: 'they are going into unconsciousness.' Usage: G.

diiyah gwinghah n. vertigo. Lit: 'We are dizzy.'. Usage: T.

too n. seizure. Lit: 'They blacked out.'. Usage:

diiyihdaii srehtat n. esophagus damage. Lit: 'one's throat is damaged'. Usage: T.

n. physical healing. Lit: 'one's body is healing'. Usage:

dl

n. Usage: [Note: can to say someone is cold]

Dz-

dzeh n. spruce gum (juice). Lit: 'gum juice'. Usage: G.

E - e

n. tuberculosis. Lit: 'sickness if the lungs'. Usage:

edrihdok ts'ik n. emphysema. Lit: 'lung illness'. Usage: T.

n. hearing. Lit: 's/he hears'. Usage:

ejiitth'ak kwaa n. deaf. Lit: 's/he can't hear'. Usage: T.

eltsik zheh dhidyee adj. patient. Lit: 's/he is sitting in the hospital'. Usage: G.

Elts'ik Hah Dha'~H n. Doctor. Lit: 'ones who

work with the ill'. Usage: G.

- g

gahneedinjik n. consciousness. Lit: 'S/he regained consciousness, remembered more'. Usage: T.

n. pain. Lit: 'it is painful'. Usage: T.

n. disability. not easy'. Usage:

'it is

n. Lit: cold weather'. Usage:

ant' at n. spruce gum (juice). Lit: 'sticky gumjuice'. Usage:

n. Nurse. Lit: 'one who takes care ofthe sick'. Usage:

dehk'it n. recovery room. Lit: 'a place where the sick heal'. Usage:

Elts'ik Srinalii n. Doctor. Lit: 'ones who restore the ill'. Usage: T.

elts'ik zheh n. hospital. Lit: 'sick people's house'. Usage: B.

ginjih datr'ijaadaii n. speech impairment. Lit: 'Not speaking clearly.'. Usage: T.

gngwidiinjik adj. injured. Lit: 'one is injured'. Usage:

n. band

Usage:

111

v.tr. sprain. Lit: tore'. Usage: G.

n. hearing. Lit: 's/he hears'. Usage:

- h

v. bone out of joint. Lit: 'out of joint'. Usage:

I - i

idrii chiltth'at n. heart attack. Lit: 'A heart stopped all of a sudden.'. Usage: G.

ihlee tr'iheet'al n. surgery (future tense). Lit: 'Someone will be cut.'. Usage: T.

ihlee tr'iint'u' n. surgery (past tense). Lit: 'Someone was cut.'. Usage:

J - j

nilii ganaandaii n. amnesia. Lit: 's/he doesn't remember who s/he is.'. Usage:

- k

adv. cold (illness). Usage:

112

n. swollen. Lit: is swollen.' Usage:

n. pain. Lit: 'it is painful'. Usage:

G.

ihlee tr'it'ii n. surgery (present tense). Lit: 'Someone is being cut.'. Usage: T.

iitsii diitr'oo ts'at tr'iinjii n. kidney dialysis machine. Lit: 'a machine that helps the kidneys'. Usage: T.

iitsii vik'iighe' tr'adazhak n. life support machine. Lit: 'a machine used for breathing'. Usage: T.

n. cough syrup. Lit: 'cough/cold medicine'. Usage: B.

n. disability (full). Lit: 'one who can't do anything for themselves. Usage:

- kh

n. hypothermia. Lit: 's/he almost froze to death'. Usage:

khangwijithizheii n. arthritis. Lit:

L - I

'sickness in the joints'. Usage:

n. nausea. Lit: 's/he is nauseous'. Usage: B.

laii ts'ik n. distemper. Lit: 'dog illness'. Usage: T.

N-n

adj. ambulatory. 'S/he can walk.'. Usage:

n. pus. Lit: 'pus'. Usage: T.

l~ii ts'ik n. distemper. Lit: 'dog illness'. Usage:

G.

adj. non-ambulatory. Lit: 'S/he is unable to walk.'. Usage: T.

elshuh n. hunchback. Lit: 'crooked back'. Usage:

ghoh n. hunchback. Lit: 'rounded back'. Usage: T.

"""""" .. ,, .. n.& adj. healing. Lit: 'S/he is healing.'. Usage:

113

s ~ s

n. blindness. Lit: 'without eyes'. Usage:

n. diabetes. sickness'. Usage:

·'sugar

Sh - sh

shah gwinghaa adj. dizzy. Lit: 'I am dizzy'. Usage: T.

shan n. medicine (spiritual). Lit: 'spiritual medicine'. Usage: B.

shuh n. wart. Usage: G.

shideeghan' asrah aantth'at n. pain (chest).

114

Lit: 'sudden pain in my chest'. Usage: T.

n. pain (chest). Lit:

having chest pain'. Usage: G.

n. sore arm. Lit: sore'. Usage: G.

arm IS

n.

syndrome. Lit: 's/he was born poor health'. Usage:

n. eye sickness'. Usage: T.

·'eye

shigho' elts'ik n. tooth ache. Lit: 'my tooth is sore'. Usage: B.

shinh yadhahkhaii n. senility. Lit: 'Old age is fighting with him/her.'. Usage: T.

shitril elts'ik n. stomach ache. Lit: 'my belly is sore.'. Usage: G.

""'·""' .. n tajiits'ih n. heartburn. Lit: 'it is burning inside me'. Usage: B.

elts'ik n. stomach ache. 'my stomach is sore.'. Usage: T.

shu' gik'idhinjii n. special needs. Lit: 'It is difficult for him/her to learn.'. Usage: T.

T - t

kwaa good

n. infection. Usage: T.

'it spoiled'.

- tr'

Ts' -

n. cough. Lit: ·somE~orte is coughing'. Usage:

v. stuttering. Lit: 'Can't speak clearly.'. Usage: T.

ts'ik n. ailment. Lit: 'sickness'. Usage: B.

ts'ik n. sickness. Lit: 'sickness'. Usage: B.

ts'ik n. disease. Lit: 'sickness'. Usage: B.

ts'ik nahdaatth'ak n. sickness (spreading). Lit: 'sickness is going around'. Usage: T.

ts'ik niidhaa n. fever. Lit: 'hot sickness'. Usage: T.

niidhaa vah k'atr'aandaii n. thermometer (body). Lit: 'fever is measured with it'. Usage:

niint'aii n. illness (extreme). Lit: 'strong illness'. Usage: B.

nizih kwaa n. venereal disease. Lit: 'bad sickness'. Usage: G.

ts'ik vagoontree n. cancer. Lit: 'difficult illness'. Usage: G.

n. cancer. Lit: 'difficult illness'. Usage: T.

v. amputation. Lit: 'surgery was performed on because of infection'. Usage: T.

n. Pediatrician. Lit: 'ones who fix women and children'. Usage:

n. boil (skin infection). Usage:

ts'ik vagoontrii diidrihdok zhit n. cancer (of the lung). Lit: 'difficult illness in the lungs'. Usage:

ts'ik vagoontrii shih ts'aii chijhaii danh

gugwijifaii n. cancer (ofthe colon). Lit:

'the place by which a bowel movement is made has been affected by a difficult illness'. Usage:

Vik'iighe' Shu' n. SA R S . Lit: 'An illness that makes it difficult to breath.'. Usage: T.

115

~ tth

tthah

Usage: T.

n. fractured bone. Lit: 'cracked bone'. Usage: T.

v ~ v

n. unconscious. Lit: 'S/he is in a state of deep sleep.'. Usage:

vah fm gwitha'aii n. coma. Lit: 'S/he is in a state of deep sleep.'. Usage: T.

vah nagwaacheii n. consciousness. Lit: 'Things became clearer for him/her.'. Usage: T.

vah vigoonm adj. congenital. Lit: 'S/he was born with it'. Usage: T.

vanagwideedinjik n. miscarriage. Lit: 'She got hurt.'. Usage: T.

vidrii chiltth'at n. stroke. Lit: 'his/her heart stopped suddenly.'. Usage: T.

- a

aatth'ah v. moving slowly. Lit: 'Something moving slowly.'. Usage:

adahdidhaaghah n. suicide. Lit: 'S/he will kill him/herself.'. Usage: T.

116

n. fractured bone. ·'cracked

bone'. Usage:

n. deaf. Lit: 's/he has no ears'. Usage: G.

vigwidiinjik adj. injured. Lit: 's/he is injured'. Usage: T.

vihdaii gwidinaatloh v. wheeze. Lit: 'His/her throat is plugged.'. Usage: T.

vinin' ejuk natr'altsaii v. face lift. Lit: 'his/her face was changed'. Usage: T.

vits'at tr'idinjii k'iighe' nahadik n. semi­ambulatory. Lit: 'S/he walks with help.'. Usage: T.

dah dhich'aa n. hemorrhage. Lit: 'Blood tore from his/her mouth.'. Usage: T

adidinyaa'ih v. look. Lit: 'Look at yourself.'. Usage: T.

n. dye. Lit: 'its color'. Usage:

n. panting. 'they are panting'. Usage:

Usage: B.

n. drug and alcohol program. Lit: 'teaching about drugs and alcohol'. Usage: T.

n. brightness. 'brightness'. Usage:

T.

v. either side. Lit: 'either side'. Usage:

n. walking. Lit: 'S/he is walking.'. Usage: T.

v. approaching. Lit: 'A herd of animals approaching.'. Usage: T.

ahkhok v. snoring. Lit: 's/he is snoring'. Usage: T.

ahlal v. moldy. Usage: T.

ahnjik v. startled. Usage: [Note: Only used for animals.}

aii gwidizhik adv. nevertheless. Usage:

aii tl'ee adv. afterward. Lit: 'after that'. Usage: B.

n. strap (snowshoe). Lit: 'Snowshoe foot strap.'. Usage: T.

v. burst. Lit: burst.'. Usage: T.

alk'oh v. gobble. Lit: 'I gobbled it down.'. Usage:

to

pieces'. Usage: G.

v. grabbed. Lit: 'I grabbed it.'. Usage: T.

an n. den. Usage:

n. ghost. Lit: 'one's spirit'. Usage:

v. piling. Lit: 'Piling things here and there.'. Usage: T.

n. visions. Lit: 'S/he is looking beyond the present.'. Usage:

andaih dagwidlii n. threatening. Lit: 'Expecting something bad to happen.'. Usage: T.

adj. scary. Usage: T.

andaih gwij~hch'uu adj. horrid looking. Lit:

'Something that looks very scary.'. Usage: T.

a'ol adj. noisy. Lit: 'Noise from things clanging together. ie; dishes while packed and being moved.'. Usage: T.

at'aonaanch'uu adj. each. Lit: 'each one'. Usage: T.

....... §''"·.,, .. v. speak. Lit: 'now s/he is starting to speak.'. Usage:

at'at ndoo adv. too late. Lit: 'It has already happened, it's over.'. Usage: T.

v. frozen. Lit: 'it is frozen'. Usage: B.

n. left side. Usage:

n. side. Usage:

117

n. speaking (in anger). Lit: 's/he is speaking at him/her anger.'. Usage:

c - c

v. being told off. Usage:

lS

kat zhnh n. Government of Canada Department oflndian Affairs and Northern Development. Lit: 'Canada's most prominent leaders and the people work for aboriginal people'. Usage: T.

ch~hch'it v. stretch it. Lit: 'Command one

person to stretch something.' Usage:

chanh gideelih v. gathering. Lit: 'people are gathering'. Usage: T.

chanh gideelih v. collecting. Lit: 'they are collecting things'. Usage: T.

chidhaantleh v. swallowed. Lit: 'You swallowed.'. Usage: T.

chiginiinjil v. drowning. Lit: 'Two or more people drowning.'. Usage: T.

118

n. mistake. Lit: 'I made a mistake'. Usage:

chihdagwinitha'aih n. mistake. Lit: 's/he made a mistake.'. Usage:

chihda'oon~htsi' v. facial expression. Lit: 's/he is making a funny face'. Usage: T.

chi'nii'in' v. watching. Lit: 'standing and watching into the water.'. Usage: T.

chiniizhih v. dive. Lit: 's/he dove'. Usage: T.

chitr'iinjil v. drowned. Lit: 'they drowned'. Usage: T. [Note: A bunch of people drowned at one time]

n. Lit:

adj. straight. that is straight.'. Usage:

D~d

n. faded. Lit: 'it is faded'. Usage: B.

adj. trembling. Lit: 's/he is trembling'. Usage:

n. coffin. · 'wooden container'. Usage: T.

dachan n. coffin. Lit: 'wooden container'.

Usage: G.

dachan vah elik n. organ. Lit: 'A board used for making music.'. Usage: T.

dagwaandaii goo'aih n. order. Lit: 'Everything is in order.'. Usage: T.

dagwighe' adv. how about. Usage: T.

dagwindaii bah gijhe' n. spoke (wisely). Lit:

's/he spoke with his/her mind.'. Usage:

v. tied (up high). Lit: 'S/he tied it up high.'. Usage:

adj. rising (bread). Lit: 'it is rising'. Usage: T.

dathachoh v. tied up. Lit: 'It is tied up.'. Usage: T.

v. hung. Lit: 'S/he hung it up.'. Usage: T.

adj. Usage: T.

adj. piercing (ofthe mouth). Usage: T.

n. place. Lit: 'A place something.'. Usage:

tat n. alcohol in blood. Lit: 'alcohol goes in ones blood'. Usage: T.

diigoonlii n. birthday. Lit: 'one's birthday'. Usage: B.

n. hair curler. Lit: 'used for curling one's hair'. Usage: T.

diikak gatr'andaii n. massage. Lit: 'massaging one's body'. Usage: T.

diinagwijilzhih n. area (surrounding). Lit: 'the surrounding area'. Usage: T.

diitsinohjok n. junk. Lit: 'One's junk.'. Usage: T.

diiyatr'igwiljik n. loan. Lit: 'they loan it to them'. Usage: T.

n. making eyes. Lit: 'S/he is

making eyes at others.'. Usage:

diizhin khainji' tr'adaadhat n. physical abuse. Lit: 'abusing one's body'. Usage:

v. boiling (point before). Lit: 'point before boiling'. Usage: G. [Note: The sound that a kettle makes before it boils.]

119

n. cardboard. · 'Hard paper.'. Usage: T.

n. cardboard box. Lit: 'Paper container.'. Usage: G.

n. paper bag. Lit: 'paper bag'. Usage: T.

n. paper bag. bag'. Usage: G.

'paper

v.tr. untie. Lit: 'I untied it'. Usage:

v. choosing (people). Lit: 'people are being chosen'. Usage: T.

dhaltr'al n. eyes (closed tight). Lit: 'I closed my eyes tight'. Usage:

- dl

dloo dayahlih n. teasing. Lit: 'S/he is making him/her laugh.'. Usage: T.

- dr

Dz-

120

n. slanted. Lit: 'Off to one side.'. Usage:

gwiinzih n. good day (greeting). Lit: 'good day'. Usage: B.

n. lye. Lit: 'gum soap'. Usage: T.

n.

n. attention. Lit: 's/he is listening to what is being said to him.Vher'. Usage: T.

n. breathing. Lit: 's/he is breathing'. Usage:

adv. maybe. Usage:

adv. never. Lit: 'never'. Usage:

n. alcoholic (chronic). Lit: 's/he can't live without alcohol'. Usage: T.

dhiilaih n. tasted. Lit: 'I tasted it.'. Usage: T.

n. shriveled up. Usage: T.

n. Christmas concert. Lit: 'making a Christmas play'. Usage:

v. waiting (for news). Lit: 's/he is sitting and waiting to hear something'. Usage:

E - e

n. corpse. Usage: G.

n. dye. Lit: 'its color'. Usage:

edlii n. accordion. Lit: 'singing book'. Usage: T.

n.adj. alcoholic. Lit: 's/he is bad to drink'. Usage: B.

n. crawled. Lit: 's/he crawled'. Usage: T.

eejil v. crawling. Lit: 'First stage of a baby beginning to crawl when they pull themselves around.'. Usage: T.

eevanh n. behalf (on his/her). Lit: 'on his/her behalf. Usage: T.

eginuudih adj. full (they are). Lit: 'they are full'. Usage: T.

eghe'didhich'it v. stayed (behind). Lit: 's/he stayed behind'. Usage: T.

- g

adj. more. Lit: 'More of something.'.

Usage:

gadagwijilcheii v. understand. Lit: 'Made known to us.'. Usage: T.

ehchi' n. corpse. Usage:

n. devil. Usage: G.

ekee zheh n. hell. · 'devil house'. Usage: G.

."'""'""'~~n n. middle. Lit: 'in the middle'. Usage:

adj. stiff. Usage:

n. captive. Lit: 'One held against their will'. Usage: T.

enidhihdih adj. full (singular). Lit: 'I am full.'. Usage: T.

enidhiididih adj. full (plural). Lit: 'we are full'. Usage: T.

en'lh v. stealing. Lit: 's/he is stealing'. Usage: G.

endii v. hunch. Lit: 'S/he is having a hunch'. Usage: T.

ezhik danh n. right there. Lit: 'right there'. Usage: T.

v. tripped. Lit: 'I tripped.'. Usage:

gadhalsak v. stuck. Lit: 'I got stuck on something.'. Usage: T.

121

Usage: T.

n. beginning. beginning'. Usage: T.

· 'it is

v. stomp. · 'Stomp your (commanding one person).'. Usage:

v. slipped. 'S/he slipped'. Usage:

gfdsak v. stuck. Lit: 'S/he got stuck on something.'. Usage:

n. dream. Lit: 's/he dreamt'. Usage: B.

v. remember. Lit: 'remember (commanding one person)'. Usage: G.

ganash~hdaih v.tr. remind me. Lit: 'remind me

(commanding one person)'. Usage:

ganat:r'aandaii v. remember. Lit: 'they remember'. Usage: T.

ganat:r'iinlyaa v. dreamt. Lit: 's/he dreamt about it.'. Usage:

gaogoonuu n. danger. Usage:

gas:roolih v. expecting. Lit: 'S/he is expecting something to happen.'. Usage:

gat:r'igoolih n. accident. Lit: 'something happened unexpectedly'. Usage:

gayiich'in' n. hole (in an object). Lit: 'a hole in an object such as fabric, a pail or any other object'. Usage: T.

adv. sometimes. Lit: 'sometimes'. Usage:

v. because. Lit: 'because of it'. Usage:

122

Usage: T.

top'. Usage:

v. over. over a situation'. Usage:

,.,~, .. n·~~ ......... ~ • .,, .. v. went away. Lit: 'S/he went away'. Usage: T.

n. 'blowing an opening'. Usage:

gUkhii v. speak (attempting

to). Lit: 's/he is trying to speak'. Usage:

giitahch 'it v. stretching. Lit: 'They are stretching it.'. Usage:

giiyah t'igidi'ii v. intr. participate. participating'. Usage: T.

'they are

gikah gwiniidhat n. beginning. Lit: 'it has begun'. Usage: G.

gik'it:r'ihaandal guk'at:r'igwindaii gltl\Jiat:r'intih v. exploring. Lit: 'searching to find answers'. Usage:

gik'yaanjik v.tr. realize. Lit: 'S/he realized.'. Usage: B.

v.tr. remind me. Lit:

'remind me again (commanding one person)'. Usage: G.

ginihkhih v. speaking. Lit: 'I am speaking'. Usage:

n. planning. Lit: 'S/he is thinking about it.'. Usage:

useless.'. Usage: T.

n. language. Usage:

n. plan. ready'. Usage:

Lit:

'getting things

uu., ..... v. fell (s/he ). Lit: 'S/he took a hard fall.'. Usage:

n. leaning. Lit: 'You are leaning against '. Usage:

adj. difficult. Lit: 'it is difficult'. Usage: T.

v. tr. ignoring. Lit: 's/he is not paying attention to them'. Usage:

v. stay behind. Lit: 'Stay behind at camp, home alone.'. Usage:

goone'haakak v. staggering. Lit: 'They are staggering.'. Usage:

goone'taakak v. staggering. Lit: 'They are staggering.'. Usage: T.

goote'aljil v. give. Lit: 'to give out things in a hurry when there is lots'. Usage: T.

gngoontrii n. hardship. Usage: T.

gngwaa'e' adj. accustomed. Lit: 'They are accustomed to it.'. Usage: T.

gngwidee'in' n. land marker. Lit: 'A chop mark on a tree or something hung on a tree.'. Usage: T.

gngwiilii ts'at adj. carelessly. Lit: 'To do something without care'. Usage: T.

gngwinnntl'ii v. decorated. Lit: 'it is decorated'. Usage: T.

goonUi adj. intelligent. Lit: 'they are very smart'. Usage: G.

· 's/he is Usage: G.

v. stay (behind). Lit: stay behind and wait for others to return.'. Usage: T.

n. shortcut. Usage:

adj. closed. Lit: door was closed on them.'. Usage: T.

v. hear. Lit: 'S/he hears them.'. Usage: T.

v. tr. ignoring. Lit: 's/he is

not paying attention to them'. Usage: T.

gnnk'agwindaih adj. tempting. Lit: 'S/he is tempting them.'. Usage: T.

gnnkha'aanzhih v. won. Lit: 'S/he won everything from them.'. Usage: T.

gnnne'taakat v. staggering. Lit: 'they are staggering.'. Usage: T.

gmmiltr'aih v. caught (in the wind). Lit: 'they got caught in the wind'. Usage:

guute'aljil v. give. Lit: 'to give out things in a hurry when there is lots'. Usage: T.

adj. encouraging. Lit: 's/he is encouraging them'. Usage:

guuvaha'aanzhih v. won. Lit: 'S/he won or took everything from them.'. Usage:

v. meanwhile. Usage:

n. snare. Lit: 'snare'. Usage:

123

choo n.

'S/he/it is

Usage: T.

adj. surrounding. Lit: 'surrounding'. Usage: T.

adj. noisy. Lit: is noisy.'.

adj. noisy. Lit: 'Noisy with lots of people talking, people crowded together.'. Usage: T.

n. plenty. Lit: 'plenty'. Usage: [Note: When there is plenty food or other things that you need.]

v.tr. chopping. Lit: 'I am chopping.'. Usage:

Usage: T. n. scraping. Lit: 'I am scraping.'.

adj. carnal. Lit: 'lusting after someone'. Usage: T.

gwichih gwinoo con}. before. Lit: 'before that'. Usage: T.

gwichiilagoo'aii adj. completed. Lit: 'It has been completed.'. Usage: T.

gwich'aa' n. rags. Lit: 'ragged'. Usage: G.

gwidak t'iinch'uu n. winner. Lit: 'S/he is higher up.'. Usage: T.

gwidal' n. belongings. Usage: B.

gwidat'adainaih v. fell (I). Lit: 'I fell down.'. Usage: T.

adj. locked. ·'Locked up.'.

gwidii gijkhH n. answering. Lit: 's/he is

answering I talking back'. Usage:

124

Usage:

n. many. Lit: 'there are many'. Usage: T.

ganiinji' tr'adhat n. imagination. Lit: 'Many things are being thought of.'. Usage: T.

gwiintl'oh etr'idinii kwaa n. social drinking. Lit: 'they don't drink very much'. Usage: T.

gwiintl'oh gwits'at tr'iinjii n. helpful. Lit: 'S/he helps allot.'. Usage: T.

iindoo gwich'igwijil'ee ts'at gwindaii n. organized. Lit: 'S/he lives an honest

life and does things with pride. One who has everything organized.'. Usage: T.

oodhilch'eii n. attention. Lit: 's/he is listening attentively'. Usage: T.

gwiinzii vigwideech'in kwaa adj. abnormal. Lit: 'S/he doesn't look good.'. Usage:

n. wise. Lit: 's/he is wise'.

v. IS

bad language.'. Usage:

...... ., .... "" n. catastrophe. Lit: 'something bad happened'. Usage:

""""'-"-........ v. swearing. Lit: 'they are using bad language.'. Usage:

n. plentiful. Usage:

n. believer. believes'. Usage:

·'one who

n. doubt. Lit: 's/he doesn't believe'. Usage: T.

n. some. Lit: 'some of it.'. Usage: T.

gwik'it te'tr'ijuutyin n. square. Lit: 'It was counted the same.'. Usage:

gwik'it tr'iheelyaa n. rules. Lit: 'They will act in that manner.'. Usage: T.

gwikhyuu adv. along (the side). Lit: 'along the side.'. Usage: T.

gwilaii chan n. as if. Lit: 'as if. Usage:

gwilshal v. blowing (I am). Lit: 'I am blowing on it.'. Usage: T.

gwinagoodii adj. surrounding. Lit: 'around the outside of a small area.'. Usage:

I -

adj. surrounding. Lit: 'around the outside of a large area.'. Usage:

.... .,,..~,,. ... n. drop. Lit: drop something without knowing it.'. Usage:

n. plastic. Lit: 'Thin transparent layer over the heart as seen in animal '. Usage:

n. way. ·T.

Lit: 'One's

v. give (food). Lit: 'to give food to others.'. Usage:

v. give (something to drink). Lit: 'S/he gave something to drink.'. Usage: T.

n. sewage. Lit: 'one's waste'. Usage:

prep. along. Lit: 'Along the side or through a creek or river.'. Usage: T.

n. problem. Usage:

n. trust. Usage: T.

n. rags. Lit: 'Pieces of rags.'. Usage: B.

n. development. Lit: 'work'. Usage:

gwits'at gijiint'aih n. goal. Lit: 'they are trying to get there'. Usage: T.

gwits'at tr'iinjii nilii adj. helpful. Lit: 's/he is helpful'. Usage: G.

gwiyee'oo adj. more. Lit: 'Much more.'. Usage:

n. wisdom. Lit: 'wisdom'. Usage: T.

iinch'it adv. immediately. Lit: 'right away'. Usage: B.

v. tr. & intr. sip. Lit: sipping.'. Usage:

125

iiteetl'at n. way.

n. can. . Usage:

n. bells. ·'smooth metal'. Usage: T.

n. sound (ofbells). 'The sound ofbells on dog harness.'. Usage: T.

J - j

v. snoring. Lit: 'S/he is snoring.'. Usage: T.

jidii drinh adj. clear (transparent). Lit: 'something clear, transparent'. Usage:

jidii guk'fmdehanahtyah n. responsibilities. Lit: 's/he will look after it'. Usage: T.

jidii ghwan' adj. lumpy. Usage: T.

jidii iizuu vah nji'tr'ahdizhak n. solvents. Lit: 'something bad being inhaled.'. Usage: T.

- k

kaiik'it n. community. Lit: 'community'. Usage: B.

v. surrounding area. Lit: 'Area around a community.'. Usage: T.

K'- k'

n. brightness. Lit: 'brightness'. Usage:

126

v. move. Lit: to cu11.nuu•

place. Refers to food. (commanding one person)'. Usage:

v. squinting. Lit: squinting.'. Usage:

in'i.i v. stealing. Lit: 's/he is stealing'. Usage:

n. intoxication. Lit: 'S/he is intoxicated.'. Usage:

n. game (ring and pin). Usage:

jidii adj. clean (immaculate). Lit: 'very clean'. Usage: B.

v. shabby. Lit: 'A scrubby looking animal.'. Usage: T.

jiinin n. sharp. Lit: 'It is sharp. (blade)'. Usage: T.

juga' adv. now. Lit: 'now'. Usage: G.

juk adv. now. Usage:

juk iinch'ii adv. immediately. Lit: 'right now'. Usage:

ke'ta'aih v. ignoring. Lit: 's/he is not paying attention'. Usage: T.

adv. touching. Lit: 'A person touching another, usually during a medical examination.'. Usage: T.

n. hockey. Usage:

IS on one

- kh

v. won. Lit: 'S/he won everything.'. Usage: T.

v. pulled. Lit: 'S/he grabbed or pulled it out.'. Usage:

adj. thinking. Lit: 'Thinking to myself.'. Usage:

v. pull. Lit: 'To pull someone out.'. Usage: T.

v. break apart. Lit: 'break it apart (commanding one person)'. Usage: T.

v. moaning (in pain). Lit: 'S/he is crying out in pain.'. Usage:

khadhaanchi' v. hurry up. Lit: 'hurry up (telling 1 person)'. Usage: B.

khadzii tr'il'eh v. listening. Lit: 'they are listing for something'. Usage: T.

khaginjih zhah v. speaks (loudly). Lit: 's/he speaks loudly'. Usage: T.

khagyit v. digging. Lit: 'S/he is digging.'. Usage: T.

v. hurry (they are). Lit: 'they are in a hurry.'. Usage: G.

khagwilndak v. spoke. Lit: 'I talked about myself. Usage: T.

khah n. packsack. Lit: 'packsack'. Usage:

adj. last. Usage:

v. suffering. Lit: 'S/he is suffering him/herself.'. Usage: T.

v. suffering. Lit: 'I am suffering.'. Usage:

n. suffering. Lit: 'S/he is suffering.'. Usage: B.

adj. watching. Lit: 'Always watching out for something.'. Usage:

n. suffering. Lit: 'S/he is suffering again.'. Usage: T.

khananh gil'eh v. stooping. Lit: 'They are stooping, bending over.'. Usage: T.

khanhts'at adv. suddenly. Lit: 'suddenly'. Usage:

kham:mhadaFah v. wait. Lit: 'I will wait for you.'. Usage: T.

khanyuukhwindeh v. watching. Lit: 'To watch for something.'. Usage: T.

kha'oodiditanh v. hold (oneselfback). Lit: 'S/he held himselfback'. Usage:

khaoshitan v. hold. Lit: 'I am holding on to it, keeping it'. Usage:

v. moaning (in pain). Lit: 's/he is crying in pain'. Usage: T.

khatl'~h'eh v. bend over. Lit: 'bend over (command one person)'. Usage: T.

n. crumble. Lit: 'it is being crumbled'. Usage:

127

v. waiting. Lit: 'S/he is for one person.'. Usage:

khazhit v. dig. Lit: 'To dig out.'. Usage:

L -

n. siren. Lit: IS

ringing for fire.'. Usage:

n. fire works. Lit: 'sparks'.

........ .,, .. dhoh n. wallet. Lit: 'money cover'. Usage: [Note: borrowed French word (1' argent)]

lazh~~ dhoh n. wallet. Lit: 'money cover'.

L l

Usage: G. [Note: borrowed French word (1' argent)]

hthch'iihah ch'igwijuu'ee adj. abnormal. Lit: 'It is really not right.'. Usage: T.

lanagwitl'oh v. joined. Lit: 'Objects joined together'. Usage: T.

128

Lit:

n. boom (log). Lit: 'log boom'. Usage:

n. alcohol. ·'fire water'. Usage: B.

legis n. rectangle. Lit: 'long box'. Usage: T.

hmaiiyilnjik v. folded. Lit: 'S/he folded it.'. Usage:

v. stuck. Lit: 'Stuck together.'. Usage: T.

n. long distance over

adj. similar. same.'. Usage:

are

Lit: 'A

are

adj. intelligent (above 's/he is very . Usage:

n. turned. 'I it

M-m

n. thank you. Lit: 'thank you'. Usage:

- n

naagaii daati'oo n. pearl. Lit: 'expensive beads.'. Usage: T.

nadadighoh n. tippy. Lit: 'It is tippy. (refers to boat)'. Usage: T.

nad~hk'yuh n. crooked. Lit: 'It is crooked.'.

Usage:

v. rolled. Lit: 's/he rolled around.'. Usage:

nadinuughoo v.tr. tipped (boat). Lit: 'boat tipped in the water'. Usage: T.

nadhaatth'i'm n. noise (loud). Lit: 'A sudden loud noise.'. Usage:

v. standing. 'S/he is standing.'. Usage:

tum

it over'. Usage:

v. applaud. Lit: 'clap . Usage:

n. same (amount). same amount.'. Umge:

adj. expert. Lit: 's/he has allot of experience his/her work'. Usage:

n. thank you very much. Lit: 'big thank you'. Usage:

nagagoohaa'ah v. wait. Lit: 'They are going to wait for them.'. Usage: T.

nagichithindih v. moving to another place. Lit: 'They are moving to another place'. Usage: T.

nagijiditseh v. yawning. Lit: 'They are yawning.'. Usage:

nagoovoodhal'in v. waiting. Lit: 'I am waiting for them.'. Usage: T.

v. rest. Usage:

n. magic. Usage: T.

nagwan tr'ahtsii v. abbreviate. Lit: 'making it shorter'. Usage:

nagwididitl'at v. rushing. Lit: 'Eve1yone is rushing around. (like in a city)'. Usage: T.

n. bridge. Lit: 'small bridge across a narrow creek or stream'. Usage:

129

lS

n. secret. Lit: 'S/he is hiding

something from others.'. Usage: T.

n. walking. Lit: 'S/he is walking.'. Usage:

n. right side. Lit: 'on the right

side'. Usage: G.

n. right side. Lit: 'on the right

side'. Usage: T.

nahdeedindeh adj. active. Lit: 'S/he is active.'. Usage: T.

naiidazral adv. screaming. Lit: 's/he is screaming.'. Usage: G.

naiyidoo v. twisting. Lit: 'S/he is twisting it.'. Usage: T.

najidits'eh v. yawning. Lit: 'S/he is yawning.'. Usage:

n. pistol. 'Hand gun.'. Usage:

naltn\h n. wet. Lit: 'it got wet'. Usage:

nan tseek'it n. pit (storage). Lit: 'storage place under ground'. Usage: G.

nan n. pits (storage). Lit: 'storage place under ground'. Usage:

130

nanh kak tthak n. world. land.'. Usage:

v. tr. occupy (one's self). Lit: do something with the hands, for instance playing with a rock to keep the hands busy.'. Usage: T.

n. pistoL Lit: 'Hand gun.'. Usage: G.

n. spin. Lit: 'To spin around quickly.'. Usage:

natoohadichik n. walking (with a cane). Lit: 's/he is walking with a cane'. Usage: T.

v. fell (s/he ). Lit: 's/he fell down'. Usage: T.

v. fell (I). Lit: 'I fell down.'. Usage: T.

nat'agidaanaih v. fell (they). Lit: 'They fell down'. Usage: T.

natr'adhaath'an n. noise (loud). Lit: 'A sudden loud noise.'. Usage: T.

natr'adhat v. standing. Lit: 'S/he is standing'. Usage: T.

natr'adhat goonlih kwah adj. immortal. Lit: 'There is no dying.'. Usage: T.

natr'ideedindee n. exercise. Usage: T.

n. secret. Lit: 'S/he is not letting others know.'. Usage: T.

natr'oovaa'in v. watching. Lit: 'Watching for something.'. Usage: T.

j aanaih n. shrunk. Lit: 'It got small.'. Usage: T.

adj. poor.'. Usage:

(I 'I am

adj. poor (plural).

are '.Usage:

adj. (singular).

is poor'. Usage: T.

's/he

v. dressed (quickly). Lit: 'I got dressed quickly.'. Usage:

nehkak n. ball. Lit: 'ball'.

ne'tr'oodahnaih v. jumped. Lit: 'S/he jumped down.'. Usage: T.

nidaa 'il v. dripping. Lit: 'it is dripping.'. Usage: T.

nidinthidoh adj. twisted. Lit: 'It is twisted.'. Usage: T.

nidhikhyin v. stood up. Lit: 'Sihe stood up.'. Usage: T.

nihdimadal'oh n. stepped in. Lit: 'I stepped in.'. Usage: T.

v. entering. Lit: 'They are coming in.'. Usage: T.

n. roles. Lit: 'work will be done in different ways.'. Usage:

nihk'adagitha'oh n. met. Lit: 'They met at one place.'. Usage: T.

nihk'ii n. crisscross. Lit: 'crossed over one another.'. Usage:

over. over Usage:

n. out for each other.'. Usage:

n. laughing. Lit: 'They are laughing at one another.'. Usage: T.

nihkhah n. park (place). Lit: 'a place where people eat together'. Usage: T.

nihkhah v. laughing. Lit: 'They are laughing at something together.'. Usage: T.

..... .,..,, .... ginjih gidahtrak n. arguing. Lit: 'they are exchanging words hastily'. Usage: T.

n. park (place). Lit: 'a place where people sit together'. Usage: T.

nihkhatr'igw~hchii geenjit tr'igijiinjii n. ceremony (marriage). Lit: 'praying for a marrying couple'. Usage: T.

nihli'ejuk geenjit dinehtl'eh katr'igij_khii n. application. Lit: 'requesting different types ofpapers'. Usage: T.

gwitr'it gwaatsii n. programs. Lit: 'Making different kinds of work.'. Usage: T.

nihU'ejuk gwitr'it t'igw~h'in kat n. agency. Lit: 'different kinds of workers'. Usage: T.

ts'at gwitr'it n.pl. activities. Lit: 'we are doing

different types of work'. Usage: T.

n. among. Lit: 'among one another, mixed together'. Usage: T.

nihtat tr'oonjik v. divide. Lit: 'they divided it among themselves.'. Usage:

n. share. Lit: 'To give to each other.'. Usage:

131

v. apart.'. Usage:

lS

n. generation. Lit: 'Generation after generation.'. Usage: T.

it

n. walked. Lit: 'S/he walked.'. Usage:

'S/he assumes'.

........ "-' .. v. twist. · 'Twist it. (Command one person)'. Usage:

adj. long time. Lit: 'for a long time'. Usage:

adj. braided. Lit: 'it is braided'. Usage:

nit'aiinjidilch'uh v. depend. Lit: 'I depend on you.'. Usage: T.

n. eyeglasses. Lit: 'it is worn on the eyes'. Usage: G.

ndeh iizhii n. eyeglasses. Lit: 'it is worn on the eyes'. Usage:

- 0

oochidhoozhin v. watch. Lit: 'Be aware.'. Usage: T.

oohidihnjah v. leave. Lit: 'I will leave it alone.'. Usage:

- sh

n. with me. Lit: 'with me'. Usage:

n. (my). Lit: community.'. Usage: T.

132

nithadoo n.

a

v. Lit: was put there.'.

v. · 'S/he jumped.'.

v. fighting. Lit: 's/he is fighting'. Usage: T.

v. sneezmg . · 'S/he is sneezing.'. Usage: T.

adj. hereditary. Lit: 'ongoing?'.

gwinoo n. history (recent). Lit: 'not long ago'. Usage:

ndoo tr'igwihee'aa v. continue. Lit: 'it will be moved forward'. Usage: T.

v.tr. beseech. Lit: 'I ask on my behalf.'. Usage:

v. enroll. Lit: 'writing down names'. Usage:

n. song (prophetic). Lit: 'spiritual medicine song'. Usage: G.

my

adv. ahead me. me, more than . Usage:

adj. happy (s/he became). Lit: 'S/he became happy.'. Usage: G.

n. busy. around'. Usage:

n. shadow. Usage: B.

movmg

'My shadow'.

v. suffocate. Lit: 'I suffocated.'. Usage: T.

- sr

n. hook (gaff). Usage: G. [Note: Large hook used for hanging a kettle or meat over the fire.]

nilii adj. dirty. Lit: 'it is dirty'. Usage: T.

sree i'dinehd'ee' n. calendar. Lit: 'month book'. Usage: G.

srigoonch'uh n. joy. Lit: 'a good time.'. Usage: B.

T - t

v. stretched. Lit: 'it is stretched.'. Usage: T.

Tadh n. Christmas concert. Lit: 'evening service play'. Usage: G.

n. listening (I am). Lit: 'I am listening'. Usage: T.

taginthinii v. drowned. Lit: 'they drowned.'. Usage: T.

tagwidiindhat n. ruined. Lit: has gone bad/spoiled.'. Usage: T.

Lit: am

. Usage:

adj. happy (s/he was made). Lit: 'S/he was made happy.'. Usage:

shnh n. drum. Usage: B.

shnh n. songs (drum). Lit: song'. Usage:

srii drin gwi'dinehtl'ee' n. calendar. Lit: 'days of the month book'. Usage: T.

sriineetr'igwihee'aa n. resolve. Lit: 'It will be fixed.'. Usage: T.

tani.thinii v. drowned. Lit: 'One person has drowned.'. Usage: T.

tarah n. bailing (water out). Lit: 'Bailing water out of a boat.'. Usage: T.

tath n. cane (walking). Usage: G.

teedhah B.

n. steam (from kettle). Usage:

adv. halfway. Lit: 'half. Usage:

n. steam (from kettle). Usage: T.

v. repeat (I will). Lit: 'I '.Usage:

133

1s toh

n. cane Usage:

thak n. snare (jump). Lit: 'jump snare'. Usage:

Tl' -

n. brass. Usage:

v. receive. Lit: 'S/he received something.'. Usage: T.

k'it n. swinging place. Usage: T.

n. rabbit (caught). Lit: 'A rabbit caught in a snare around the waist or by the leg.'. Usage: T.

- tr'

tr'aakaii adj. bitter (taste). Lit: 'bitter taste'. Usage: T.

tr'aanduu n. devil. Usage: T.

tr'adhoh n. scraping. Lit: is being scraped.'. Usage: G.

v. pulling. Lit: 'pulling'. Usage: T.

tr'eenjah v. traveling. Lit: 'people moving out, traveling on land'. Usage: T.

n. frowning. Lit: 'Angry facial expression.'. Usage: T.

tr'igoojishinjik adj. lazy. Lit: 'I'm lazy.'. Usage: T.

tr'igwaanyidh glQ(hii v. swearing. Lit: 's/he is using very bad language.'. Usage: G.

n. sm. IS bad.'.

134

n. copper. Usage:

n. separately. Lit: 'separately'. Usage:

n. swinging. Lit: 'S/he is swinging.'. Usage: T.

n. swing. Usage: B.

tr'igwaanduu t'igwidi'in v. intr. sinning. Lit: 'They are doing very bad things.'. Usage: T.

tr'igwaandyidh n. sin. Lit: 'It is very bad.'. Usage: G.

t:r'igwaazhin n. eyesore. Lit: 'looks gross or ugly'. Usage: T.

tr'igwidih v. grieve. Lit: 'sadness'. Usage:

n. scraping. Lit: 'They are scraping.'. Usage:

tr'igwintl'uu v. decorating. Lit: 'they are decorating'. Usage: T.

tr'iits'at gwa'an adv. sometimes. Lit: 'Now and then.'. Usage:

n. remove. Lit: 'S/he will be taken removed.'. Usage:

zhuh kat n. 'the first native people'. Usage:

v. speak (beginning). Lit: 'when I first began to speak.'. Usage:

n. draft (document). Lit: 'written first'. Usage:

n. speak (beginning). Lit: 'when I first started to speak'. Usage: T.

Ts - ts

n. wallet. Lit: 'money cover'. Usage: G.

adj. strange. Lit: 'Acting strange.'. Usage: T.

tsinehdanh' n. peaceful. Lit: 'peaceful'. Usage: B.

Ts' ts'

ts'Hdaii ginjik n. language (ancient). Lit: 'ancient people's language'. Usage:

tthak guk'aniltii n. conserve. Lit: 'Everything is being taken care of.'. Usage: T.

Tth' -

tth'an chiilu' n. ivory. Lit: 'soft bone'. Usage:

to

n. speak (beginning). Lit: 'when s/he started speaking.'. Usage:

n. history (recent). Lit: 'Not long ago.'. Usage: G.

adj. lifeless. Lit: 'Not feeling Usage:

adj. strange. Lit: 'A strange sight,

out of the ordinary event.'. Usage:

ts'iid~ij.J~Winoo dai' n. ancient times. Lit: 'at the time of the Stone Aged people'. Usage: G.

k'it n. grave. Lit: 'bone place'. Usage: B.

135

- u

n. packsack. · 'bag'. Usage:

'hot water'.

n. water (warm).

water.'. Usage: G.

v- v

vadiinjishizhit n. wish. Lit: 'I wish for it'. Usage:

vah nji'tr'ahdizhak n. inhalants. Lit: 'something that is breathed in, inhaled'. Usage: T.

vakak gwiidii n. sidewalk. Lit: 'A path we walk on.'. Usage: T.

vak'atthaii hijilnaih n. weight loss. Lit: 'S/he lost weight all of a sudden.'. Usage:

adj. dangerous. Lit: 'it is not safe'. Usage: T.

vayiich'in' n. hole. Lit: has a hole in it.'. Usage:

v.intr. lying. Lit: 'S/he is lying'. Usage: B.

136

n. collapsed. · 'S/he over.'. Usage:

v. scolding. 's/he is

speaking angrily at him/her'. Usage: T.

tr'oonjii nat n. Elections Canada. Lit: 'ones who work with elections'. Usage: T.

vehkhee ts'at duuyeh nihdatr'fi.'oh v. stand off. Lit: 'No one can go in beside him/her.'. Usage:

ve'tr'i'in v. tr. (? ). admired. Lit: 's/he is admired.'. Usage: T.

ak'oh k'agwaandaii n. thermometer (weather). Lit: 'Cold is measured with Usage: T.

"' .. '''"" .. """" adj. locked (with padlock). Lit: 'The way is blocked by way of twisting.'. Usage:

vide' tr'idiniintyin adj. closed. Lit: 'The door was closed on him/her.'. Usage: T.

n. weapon. Usage:

vighashih chuujil adj. startled. Lit: 'A feeling through the body like everything drains out.'. Usage: T.

lS

v. is stumbling around.'. Usage: T.

v. active. · 'S/he is active.'. Usage:

adj. intelligent (above average). Lit: 's/he is smart'. Usage:

v. hiccup. Lit: 'His/her is making noise.'. Usage:

adj. locked. up.'. Usage: T.

'S/he is locked

u ....... ,'-'.. v. tied. Lit: 'S/he tied him/her down.'. Usage:

n. electricity. Lit: 'there is light because of it'. Usage:

y- y

yah lindaih v.tr. kneading. Lit: 'S/he is kneading it.'. Usage:

yah nagwii'eih n. nagging. Lit: 'S/he is bothering him/her.'. Usage: G.

yah ndagwijii'aii n. nagging. Lit: 'S/he won't stop bothering him/her.'. Usage: T.

yasnmlih kwah adj. unexpected. Lit: 'S/he wasn't expecting it.'. Usage: T.

toh n. walking (with a cane). Lit: 's/he is walking toward us with a cane'. Usage:

ye'eendak v. further back. Lit: 'a way back.'. Usage:

n. history (recent). Lit: 'Not long

ago.'. Usage:

n. clasp. tightly'. Usage: T.

v. circled. Usage: T.

v. wrapped.

v. staggering. staggering'. Usage: T.

are

on to it

the outside'.

is wrapped'.

's/he is

v. prepared. 'a body prepared for burial.'. Usage: T.

n. square. Lit: 'Making it square. ie; Cutting round logs into square lumber.'. Usage:

gwitilchih adj. impatient. Lit: 'S/he is impatient.'. Usage: T.

yeenoo dai' ganatr'aandaii n. heritage. Lit: 'Remembering long ago.'. Usage: T.

yeenoo dai' gwidal hah dha'aii n. archaeology. Lit: 'Working with things from long ago.'. Usage: T.

yeendoo ihlat adj. future. Lit: 'some time in the future'. Usage: T.

yeendoo ji' adj. future. Lit: 'in the future'. Usage:

adj. future. 'in the

Usage: G.

n. hell. Lit: 'way down'. Usage:

adj. blocked. his way.'. Usage:

blocked

137

n. scolding. angrily at him/her'. Usage: B.

n. respected. respected'. Usage:

· 'S/he is

spoke

adj. disrespected. Lit: 's/he is not respected'. Usage:

adj. respected. Lit: 'S/he is respected.'. Usage: T.

n. care. 's/he takes care of him/her'. Usage:

v. waiting. Lit: 'S/he is waiting for him/her.'. Usage:

Zh- zh

zhak khaii n. lower. Lit: 'At a lower level.'. Usage: T.

zheezrih n. atmosphere. Lit: 'clear sky'. Usage: T.

zheh ts'at daan n. square. Lit: 'Four comers of the house.'. Usage: T.

LnJuu.LJHJ!a v. sweating (I am). Lit: 'I am sweating'. Usage: T.

- zr

zral v. shouting. Lit: 's/he is shouting'. Usage:

's/he is

138

adj. IS '.Usage:

T.

v. ignoring. Lit: 's/he is not

paying attention to him/her'. Usage:

n. sneezing (s/he). Lit: 'S/he is sneezing.'. Usage:

n. sneezed (s/he ). Lit: 'S/he sneezed.'. Usage:

n. sneezed (I). Lit: 'I sneezed.'. Usage: T.

ch'ii'an niinji'adhat n. imagining. Lit: 'S/he is thinking of nothing important.'. Usage: G.

goo'aih adj. vacant. Lit: 'Empty.'. Usage: T.

gwilii t'idi'in v. playing. Lit: 's/he is acting silly'. Usage: T.

zhuu ii'an niinji'tr'adhat n. imagining. Lit: 'Thinking for nothing.'. Usage: T.

zhuu nakagwahaazhik v.intr. loiter. Lit: 'S/he is hanging around for no reason.'. Usage: T

adv. screaming. Lit: 's/he is screaming'. Usage:

aadrih n. moonlight. Usage:

wind'.

D-d

n. sun (rising higher). Lit: 'the sun is rising higher'. Usage: T.

Dr-dr

goo'aih n. daylight. Lit: 'it is light outside'. Usage:

G- g

ge'ch1.m'~ih n. sunrise. Lit: 'the sun is rising'.

Usage: G.

n. sunrise. Lit: 'the sun is rising.'. Usage:

gidinagwijaa'ol n. mirage. Lit: 'Appears closer.'. Usage:

- gw

gwahgwan' 11. melting (snow). Lit: 'snow is melting.'. Usage: T.

n. mirage. Lit: 'Appears closer.'. Usage:

n. wind (whirl). Lit: 'whirl wind'. Usage:

goo'~ih n. daylight. Lit: 'it is light

outside'. Usage: G

gidrii ta'ak n. sunrise. Lit: 'the sun is rising'. Usage:

chihvyaa' n. rainbow. Lit: 'spider web'. Usage: B.

n. rainbow. Lit: 'weaved by a spider.'. Usage: G.

gwiijii 11. avalanche (past tense). Lit: 'avalanche or mud slide happened.'. Usage: T.

139

or

n. Usage:

J j

adj. outside'. Usage:

Kh- kh

n. bubbles (making air 'bubbling out'. Usage: G.

N- n

n. waterfall. Lit: 'water flowing from a high place'. Usage:

nadiindl~U n. waterfall. Lit: 'water flowing

from a high place'. Usage: G.

nagwaaghaii n. melting. Lit: 'snow is melting'. Usage: B.

na'ii'eih n. sunset. Lit: 'the sun is going down'. Usage: G.

nanadeedizrii adj. melted. Lit: 'snow and ice melted.'. Usage:

s - s

sim' n. meteor. Lit: 'star falling down.'. Usage: T.

- sr

140

n.

~~ ....... .,, .. n. water (high). Lit: 'high water'. Usage:

ne'a'aih n. sunset. Lit: 'the sun is going down'. Usage: T.

ne'gw~h'eh adj. foggy. Lit: 'It is foggy.'.

Usage:

nehtan n. thunder. Usage: B.

v. lightening. Lit: 'thunder's fire'. Usage: T.

n. waterfall. Lit: 'water flowing from a high place'. Usage: T

sree n. moon

moon.'. Usage:

sree n. sun (ring around). Lit: 'strung around the sun'. Usage:

sree n. eclipse. Lit: moon went

over'. Usage: G.

T - t

n. water (dropping). Lit: 'water is dropping'. Usage: T.

n. frozen. Lit: froze up.'. Usage: T.

unu ........... adj. freezing up. Lit: 'It is freezing up'. Usage:

tadh n. night. Lit: 'night/darkness'. Usage: G.

tadh aadrih n. moonlight. Lit: 'night light'. Usage: G.

tadh oozree n. moon. Lit: 'night light'. Usage:

Tsh

G.

n. water (drained). Lit: 'water drained out of a lake or creek and it has dried up'. Usage:

tshuu dak v. water is rising. Lit: 'water is rising'. Usage:

natajilnaih n. water stopped. Lit: 'water stopped rising'. Usage: T.

n. water (smelly). Lit: 'smelly . Usage: T.

sree n.

Usage: G.

n. sunny day. 'the sun is up'. Usage:

n. sunshine. Lit: 'the sun is Usage:

sroo n. frost. Usage:

teedhah n. steam (from ice). Lit: 'steam from a hole the ice on a river or lake.'. Usage: B.

n. waves. Lit: 'waves from a swimming animal'. Usage: T.

teezhirh n. steam (from open water). Lit: 'Steam from open water on a river, lake or creek.'. Usage: B.

n. waves. Lit: 'waves'. Usage: T.

too n. night. Lit: 'night/darkness'. Usage: T.

too oozrii n. moon. Lit: 'night light'. Usage: T.

too k'inyaazheii n. moon (full). Lit: 'complete moon.'. Usage: T.

tshuu niint'aii n. water (swift). Lit: 'strong water'. Usage:

141

n. water

water'. Usage: G.

vee n. water (muddy). Usage: B.

Y-y

'gray water'.

yahkee n. dawn. Lit: 'first light of day'. Usage: B.

yahkeh n. dawn. Lit: 'first light of day'. Usage:

yich'uhch'in' n. horizon. Lit: 'clear visibility for along distance'. Usage: G.

- zh

n. snowflakes. Lit: 'big snowflakes'. Usage:

zhoh n. melting (snow). Lit: 'the snow is melting'. Usage: T.

142

vee n. water

Usage: G.

n. sound (of water 'sound of water . Usage: T.

v. water (receding). 'water is going down'. Usage:

yuhdii n. little dipper (constellation). Usage:

yuhdyee tsal n. little dipper ( constelation).

Usage: G

njik n. snow slide. Usage: G.

'snow slid down'.

taojiilit n. melting (snow). Lit: 'snow is melting'. Usage: T.

D-d

n. U.s age:

n. forty. counted.'.

Usage: G.

E - e

n. seven. Usage:

n. seven. Usage: G.

I i

n. five. Lit: 'One hand.'. Usage: G.

n. fifty. Lit: 'Five counted.'. Usage:

ihlak n. one. Lit: 'one'. Usage:

n. ten. Lit: 'One counted.'. Usage: T.

juutyin n. one hundred. Lit: 'One counted counted.'. Usage: T.

n. four. Usage:

daankat n. forty. counted.'.

ets'ideech'ii neek~ii gwijuutyin n. seventy.

Lit: 'Counted seven times.'. Usage: G.

ets'ideech'ii neekaii juutyin n. seventy. Lit: 'Seven counted.'. Usage:

juutyin ts'at ets'ideech'ii neekaii n. seventeen. Lit: 'One counted and seven.'. Usage: T.

n. fourteen. 'One counted and four.'. Usage:

ihlak juutyin ts'at ihlak n. eleven. Lit: 'One counted and one.'. Usage:

juutyin ts'at gwinli' n. fifteen. Lit: 'One counted and five.'. Usage: T.

• .... ,_.,. ... u n. twelve. counted and two.'. Usage:

143

·'One

ihlak on

n. 'One counted and six.'. Usage:

n. thirteen. Lit: 'One counted and three.'. Usage: T.

and nine.'. Usage: T.

n. ten. Lit: 'Counted once.'.

nilee n. one thousand. Lit: 'Counted once the same as one hand counted counted.'. Usage: G.

n.

seventeen. Lit: 'Counted once and seven.'. Usage: G.

ihlogwijuutyin ts'at dl!l! n. fourteen. Lit:

'Counted once and four.'. Usage: G.

N~n

n. two. Lit: 'two'. Usage:

n. twenty. Lit: 'Two counted.'. Usage: T.

neekogwijuutyin n. twenty. Lit: 'Counted twice.'. Usage: G.

144

Lit: one.'. Usage:

n. 'Counted once and five.'. Usage:

n.

eighteen. Lit: 'Counted once and four on both sides.'. Usage: G.

n. thirteen. Lit: 'Counted once and three.'. Usage: G.

ts'at dhityin n. nineteen. Lit: 'Counted once and nine.'. Usage: G .

.. ,.,.~n"'" n. twelve. Lit: 'Counted once and two.'. Usage: G.

ihiogwijuutyin ts'at nihk'ii tyek n. sixteen. Lit: 'Counted once and six.'. Usage: G.

ihloogwinli' n. five. Lit: 'One hand.'. Usage: T.

ihloogwinli' juutyin n. fifty. Lit: 'Five counted.'. Usage: T.

nihk'ii n. eight. Lit: 'Four on both sides.'.

Usage: G.

n. eighty. Lit: 'Counted

on sides.'. Usage:

daan n. on Usage:

nihk'ii n. four on both sides.'. Usage:

nihk'ii n. six. Lit: 'Three on both sides.'. Usage:

T - t

n. three. . Usage: T.

n. thirty. Lit: 'Three counted.'. Usage:

v v

vanchadh nak'aoh zhak dhityin juutyin n. ninety. Lit: 'Nine counted.'. Usage: G.

on

n. three. Lit: 'three'. Usage:

n. thirty. Lit: 'Counted three times.'. Usage: G.

n. mne. Lit: 'One thumb down.'. Usage: G.

vanchoh nak'oh dhityin juutyin n. ninety. Lit: 'Nine counted.'. Usage: T.

vanchoh nak'oh zhak dhityin n. nine. Lit: 'One thumb down.'. Usage: T.

145

n. Servant. Usage:

c- c

n. Minister. · 'the most prominent leader ofCanada'. Usage:

Giikhii n. Anglican Minister. Lit: 'Minister of the ones who live in the rocks.'. Usage: G.

D-d

Dachan Ahtsii n. Carpenter. Lit: 'One who makes wood.'. Usage: B.

Dahgwich'in Eenjit Gijkhii n. Councilor. Lit:

's/he speaks on behalf of his/her people'. Usage: G.

Diigho' Ahtsii n. Denturist. Lit: 'One who makes teeth.'. Usage:

n. Eye Doctor. Lit: 'one who repairs eyes'. Usage: G.

Diindee Srinalii n. Eye Doctor. Lit: 'one who repairs eyes'. Usage: T.

Diiyeejii n. Nun. Lit: 'one's older sister'. Usage:

146

n. Dresser. Lit: 'one who cuts hair'. Usage:

Diiyeenjit GUkhii n. Spokesperson. Lit: 's/he

speaks on their behalf. Usage: B.

Diiyuundee n. Catholic Brother. Lit: 'one's older brother'. Usage:

Dinehtl'eh Nataazhik n. Mail Carrier, Postman. Lit: 'one who carries paper'. Usage:

Dazhan n. Medicine Man. Lit: 'spiritual medicine man'. Usage: B.

Eenjit GUkhii n. Attorney General. Lit:

'S/he speaks the people'. Usage:

n. Caregiver. takes care of people'. Usage:

n. Chief. Usage: G.

n. Sub

chief. Lit: 'One who sits on the side of the Chief.'. Usage:

E - e

Elts'ik Hah n. Doctor. Lit: 'ones who

work with the ill'. Usage: G.

- g

Ga'oonahtan n. Teacher. Lit: 'S/he is teaching.'. Usage: T.

Ga'unmahtan n. Teacher. Lit: 'S/he teaches.'. Usage: B.

Ga'uunahtan n. Principal. Lit: 'the lead teacher'. Usage:

n. Anglican Minister. Lit: 'Minister'. Usage:

n. Queen. Lit: 'The most important wife.'. Usage: T.

n.

n. Healer. people'. Usage:

·B.

'one who fixes

n. Archaeologist. Lit: 'A man that works with things from long ago.'. Usage: T.

n. Nurse. Lit: 'one who takes care of the sick'. Usage: B.

Srinalii n. Doctor. Lit: 'ones who restore the ill'. Usage: T.

Giikhii n. Minister. Usage: T.

Giikhii Choo n. Bishop. Lit: 'big minister'. Usage: T.

Guk'andehnahtii Kat n. Security. Lit: 'Ones who keep watch.'. Usage:

n. Monitor. Lit: 'S/he looks after things.'. Usage:

Choo n. Governor General. Lit: 'the Queen's big helper'. Usage:

147

I -

n. Driver. Lit:

'One who drives a truck.'. Usage: G.

K k

n. Shoemaker. Lit: 'one who makes shoes'. Usage:

K' - k'

K'adagwidaadhat Ts'imuu n. Alderman. Lit: 'the boss' helper'. Usage:

Kh- kh

Kha'oodaa'in' lhlee n. Watchman. Lit: 'One who watches.'. Usage: T.

Khehkaih n. Store Manager. Lit: 'store manager'. Usage: B.

n. Fireman. Lit: 'man who puts out fires'. Usage: T.

L -

n. Pope. Lit: 'Pope'. Usage: G. [Note: borrowed French (le Pape )]

148

a

K'eejit Eenjit Gwitr'it T'agwah'in Nilii n. Youth Worker. Lit: 'S/he works for

young people.'. Usage: T.

Khehkaih Chit n. Store Manager (head). Lit: 'head store manager'. Usage: T.

Khehkaih Njoo' n. Regional Manager. Lit: 'The main boss.'. Usage: B.

adj. Missionary. Lit: 'Near the fire minister.'. Usage: T.

L - l

n. Dog Officer.

Lit: 'man who shoots dogs'. Usage: G.

N n

Nan Kak Gwitr'it T'agwah'in Guk'andehnahtii n. Inspector. Lit: 'one who watches over work that is done on the land'. Usage: T.

K'imdehginahtyeh n. Conservation Officer. Lit: 'Ones who watch over the land.'. Usage: G.

- 0

Tr'oonjii Gwichih Diiyuuzri' Tr'oonjii Guk'anahtii n. Enumerator. Lit: 'one who takes names before names are chosen'. Usage:

- tr'

.., • .,, .... n .. kat n. Conservation Officer. · 'Ones who watch over land.'. Usage: T.

Eenjit Iisrits'ilt n. Premier. 'most prominent leader for the land'. Usage: T.

Nidhizree Chit n. Chief Hunter. Lit: 'boss of the hunters'. Usage: G.

Nihli'ejuk Geenjit Diiyah Khehtak Nahadik n. Escort (general). Lit: 'one who travels with others for different reasons'. Usage:

Niveht'ah'ii n. Soldier. Lit: 'S/he is going out, watching everything.'. Usage: G.

Niveht'ah'ii n. Policeman. Lit: 'S/he is at war.'. Usage:

n. Soldier. Lit: 'One who fights war.'. Usage: T.

149

n.

Lit: 'back boat . Usage: G.

n. Captain of the boat.

'back end boat helper'. Usage:

v. Cook. Lit: 's/he is cooking'. Usage: B.

n. Policeman. · 'Yellow down the side of the pant leg.'. Usage: G.

Vik'iighe' Aadrii K'anahtii n. Power Plant Operator. Lit: 'one who takes care of electricity'. Usage: T.

Y-y

Yahtii Choo n. Cardinal. Lit: 'big priest'. Usage: T.

Yahtii Iisrits'at Chit n. Pope. Lit: 'most prominent father'. Usage:

Yahtyee n. Priest. Lit: 'father'. Usage: G.

150

n. women

n. Power Plant Operator. Lit: 'one who takes care of electricity'. Usage: G.

n. Placeman. Lit: 'Yellow stripe down the leg.'. Usage: B.

Yahtyee Choo n. Bishop. Lit: 'big father'. Usage: G.

Yits'anuh n. Assistant. Lit: 'his/her helper'. Usage: T.

- ch

dTn.cnrn n. off-shore drilling. Lit: 'they are drilling for gas on the water bottom'. Usage: T.

n. samples. Lit: 'the amount of oil is determined by the rock chips'. Usage:

v. core analysis. Lit: 'they are analyzing rocks'. Usage: T.

njit niinlaih n. permeable rock. Lit: 'it flows through rock'. Usage:

D- d

dagw~hchii nihtat t'itr'iheelyaa

gadaotijaadri' n. parts per billion I million. Lit: 'they measure how much they will mix together'. Usage:

dagw~hchii nikhwinanh kak

srehtatr'igwehdeelyah n. significance of impacts. Lit: 'the degree of negative effects on our land'. Usage: T.

dagwideedakhan gwiinlit nihli'ejuk goonlii gwinjik gwitr'it t'agwaa'in n. rules of procedure. Lit: 'we work following many different rules'. U.sage:

guk'iighe' n. risk analysis. Lit: 'the outcome of what they do'. Usage: T.

k'it n. fossil. Lit: 'animal images on old rocks'. Usage:

n. core. Lit: 'rocks are taken to be analyzed'. Usage:

khaii tsii n. reservoir. Lit: 'oil stored rocks'. Usage: T.

dagwiheedya'aa gisriinitr'~hjii n. development proposal. Lit: 'preparing for what will be done'. Usage: T.

dagwiheedya'aa gttltkatr'intih v. scoping. Lit: 'looking for what will be done'. Usage: T.

datthak nihlitr'oodhHch'eih n. public hearing. Lit: 'everyone is listening to each other'. Usage: T.

diinagoo'ee tr'igwim\.h'in gwinjik n. environmental assessment (EA). Lit: 'following what is seen in the environment'. Usage: T.

gwits'an ahtsii kat nagiinaa 'in n. regulatory review. Lit: 'the one's who give paper review it very closely'. Usage: T.

dinehti'eh kak dagwiheedya'aa gitr'igwidahcheih n. project description. Lit: 'what will be done is planned on paper'. Usage: T.

!51

- g

n. referral. Lit: 'given to an educated person to look at.'. Usage: T.

kat n. interested Lit: 'ones who want to know'. Usage:

gwizhit n. injection well. Lit: 'water is poured to make it easier to take out oil'. Usage: T.

gwats'at n. participant. Lit: 'helper'. Usage: T.

gwiinlit khaii eenjit khatr'igwijgyit n. field (oil). Lit: 'they have drilled for oil many times'. Usage: T.

Gwitr'it geenjit gisriinde'tr'ijahlii gwidinithitl'oo datthak tr'igwahnah'aa geenjit goo'aii n. public registry. Lit: 'A place where documents concerning work plans can be viewed'. Usage:

n. development. Lit: 'work'. Usage: T.

!52

to

adj. impermeable. Lit: 'it is blocked off, locked'. Usage: T.

n. consultation. Lit: 'finding out things about each other'. Usage:

n. cooperation agreements. 'preparing'. Usage:

n. project. Lit: 'work'. Usage: T.

gwitr'it geenjit tr'iilee tr'igwahtsih n. work plan. Lit: 'preparing for work'. Usage:

gwitr'it gwahahtsaa gwichih dagwiheedya'aa go .. o.,katr'intih n. development scoping. Lit: 'hey are looking at what will be done before the work begins'. Usage: T.

gwizhit tr'igwinah'in k'iighe' dagwiheedya'aa gahgwidandaii n. assessment. Lit: 'they know what to do because they have look into it'. Usage: T

- i

n. mitigative measure or remedial measure. 'we advise them before something happens'. Usage:

J - j

adj. directly affected party. Lit: 'it is mainly because of the work that things changed for them'. Usage: T.

n. benefits plan. Lit: 'preparing for what will be given to them'. Usage: T.

jidii gahgwidandaii gqqkatr'igllkhii n.

information request. Lit: 'they are asking for what is known'. Usage: T.

jidii gwiheelyaa gwiyeechih giik'idiitr'~hnjii n. preliminary information package. Lit:

K- k

gwizhit chit nilii kat n. local government. Lit: 'leaders in the community'. Usage:

Kh- kh

khagwahaadoh gwich'i' v. well control. Lit: 'explosion prevention'. Usage:

v. well bore. Lit: 'it is dug out'. Usage: T.

vah dak n. off shore rig. 'a steel

structure holding a upwards on water'. Usage: T.

khaii production. Lit: 'preparing oil pipeline'. Usage:

nu~nlJ.n zhit n. flow

n.

line. Lit: 'oil is flowing through a pipe.'. Usage: T.

'they let us know what will happen before it happens'. Usage:

given from oil and gas that is found'. Usage: T.

khaii atr'igwahah'aa eenjit khatr'igugyit n. exploration well. Lit: 'they are drilling to find oil or gas'. Usage:

153

adj. potential. Lit: 'the amount of oil and gas they might find'. Usage:

khaii n. hydrocarbon. Lit: 'all types of oil'. Usage: T.

khaii n. gasoline. · 'clear grease'. Usage:

khaii eenjit iitsii n. pipeline. Lit: 'pipe for gasoline'. Usage: T.

iitsii n. gas pipeline. Lit: 'pipe for gasoline'. Usage: T.

drinh tat tshun kwaa n.

dry gas or lean gas. Lit: 'taking water from gas'. Usage:

khaii drinh tl'at n. methane. Lit: 'gas fumes'. Usage: T.

khaii drinh tPat ~hk'an n. flare. Lit: 'it burns the oil's fumes'. Usage: T.

khaii eenjit gwitr'it t'agw~h'ii diinan t'atr'ahdahch'aa sridagngwidilii n. land man. Lit: 'the oil company person who speaks with land owners for permission to use the land'. Usage: T.

n. well completion. Lit: 'it is made ready for oil'. Usage:

gwidinjii' kat n. producers. Lit: 'ones who work with oil and gas, oil companies'. Usage: T.

N-n

154

khaii n. are

n. oil patch. Lit: 'a place where oil is kept'. Usage:

v. intr. seep. Lit: 'oil is seeping out'. Usage:

n. oil spill. Lit: 'oil spilled'.

khaii natr'oondak n. oil well. Lit: 'a place which oil is taken'. Usage:

n. gas processmg. Lit: 'they are separating gas'. Usage:

n. crude oil. Lit: 'oil that has not been processed'. Usage:

tat tslmu n. dissolved water. Lit: 'water is in the oil'. Usage: T.

khaii tr'aatsanh n. sour gas. Lit: 'smelly gas'. Usage: T.

khaii tthak t'atr'ij~hch'n' v.tr. deplete. Lit: 'all the oil was used'. Usage: T.

khaii tth'aih nan zhit t'iinch'nn n. reserves. Lit: 'oil that is still in the ground.'. Usage: T.

khatr'igogyit n. hole. Lit: 'dug out'. Usage:

Khatr'igogyit gwilim' n. drilling mud. Usage:

khatr'igogyit n. dry hole. Lit: 'there is no oil where they drilled'. Usage:

khatr'igugyit gwik'iighe' khaii d~hleii gik'itr'aanjii n. delineation well. Lit: 'a well drilled to find out how much oil is there'. Usage: T.

n. Valley Impact Review Lit: 'A group that looks into changes taking place in the area of the Mackenzie '. Usage: T.

gwinagoo'ee nan, eenjit kat n. Mackenzie Valley Land and Water Board. Lit: 'A group that looks after the land and water in the Mackenzie River area.'. Usage: T.

gwiinleii ejuk goodlit n. cumulative impact. Lit: 'there have

been allot of changes over the past years'. Usage:

nan diits'an n. settlement area. Lit: 'land that belongs to us'. Usage:

nan nilii n. settlement lands. Lit: 'land that belongs to us'. Usage: T.

nan dik gwits'fH ny~hgwan khaii drinh n. shallow gas. Lit: 'gas close to the surface of the ground'. Usage: T.

nan ghaP n. diesel. Lit: 'oil'. Usage: G.

nan ghai' n. oil. Lit: 'oil from the ground'. Usage: B.

nan ghiW ti'at k'iighe' khaii niinlaih n. flowing well. Lit: 'oil flowing by oil fumes.'. Usage: T.

nan kak ejiich'ii gwi'dinehtl'ee' n. exploration license. Lit: 'paper for searching the land for things'. Usage:

Guk'andehnahtii n. Inspector. Lit: 'one who watches over work that is done on the land'. Usage: T.

nan gwitr'it t'agwahah'aa geenjit lagwiinaadhan gwiltsaii n. access agreement. Lit: 'an agreement was made for work to be done on the land'. Usage:

nan ts'at k'iighe' khaii gaonim n. seismic surveys. Lit: 'oil is expected to be at the location of the rocks because of the way it sounds on the land and under the water'. Usage:

Nan Kak Tthak

nan

n. National Energy Board. Lit: 'the ones in charge of the different types of oil and gas on all the land'. Usage: T.

n. land use permit. Lit: 'paper for using land'. Usage: T.

nan ejiich'ii eenjit gwits'id k'agwaadhat n. mineral rights. Lit: 'we are the owners

of things under the ground'. Usage: T.

nan ts'at khaadoh n. blowout. Lit: 'it explodes from the ground'. Usage: T.

nan ts'at khaadoh gwich'i' vihde'naanchuk n. blowout preventer. Lit: 'it is plugged

to prevent a blowout from the ground'. Usage:

nan ts'at khaii datthak n. petroleum. Lit: 'all the oil from the land'. Usage: T.

nan ts'at nan ghai' khaadoo n. gusher. Lit: 'oil gushing out of the ground'. Usage: T.

nan n. groundwater. Usage: T.

nan tshuu t'atr'ij~hch'uu gwi'dinehtl'ee' n. permit. Lit: 'paper for the use of land

and water'. Usage:

nan vidatr'igwijilcheih n. crown rights. Lit: 'land claims not settled'. Usage: T.

nan kat n. landowner. Lit: 'the ones who own the land'. Usage:

155

nan zhit n. depth.

Lit: 'the depth drilled Usage: T.

ground'.

nan zhit nihtat n. the dissolved gas. Lit: 'mixed oils

ground'. Usage:

nan n. drill. Lit: 'digging in the ground with it'. Usage:

tr' oodhilch' eih n. panel hearing. Lit: 'members of

different organizations are listening'. Usage: T.

nikhwinagoo'ee ejuk goonlii gwizhit geedoodinaatimh' n. environmental impact study. Lit: 'they taught themselves about the changes in our environment'. Usage: T.

nikhwinagoo'ee ejuk goonlii tr'igwinah'in eenjit jilch'eii kat n. joint environmental impact assessment panel. Lit: 'ones who look into changes in our environment'. Usage: T.

T - t

tajiltyin zhit gwitr'it k'iighe' ekhe'tr'oomm n. tailings pond. Lit: 'bad things left a pond because of work'. Usage: T.

teezrah ts'at khaii drinh n. liquefied natural gas. Lit: 'gasoline made from vapor'. Usage: T.

Tr - tr

!56

n. impact on the environment. Lit: 'many changes in our environment'. Usage: T.

kak guudagwid['e' n. Mackenzie Valley Resource Management Act (MVRMA). Lit: 'Law made to protect the land and everything on it.'. Usage: T.

nits'oo tr'igwim\h'in geenjit gwitr'it t'agw~h'in kat n. Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency. 'Ones who look into how our land is.'. Usage: T.

dagwiinch'u' gwik'it natr'igw~htsii n. site reclamation. Lit: 'it is being made

the same as it was before'. Usage:

nits'oo tatr'ij~hch'uu n. use ofwater. Lit: 'how water is used'. Usage: T.

N.W.T. Gwizhit Tshuu Eenjit NijHzhii Kat n. NWT Water Board. Lit: 'ones who

represent the water in the N.W.T.'. Usage: T.

ts'at khaii drinh n. condensate. Lit: 'gas from steam'. Usage: T.

nan adatr'igwijilcheih n. first nation lands. Lit: 'land claims settled the first nations'. Usage:

discovery well. Lit: for oil'. Usage:

n. environmental impact review (EIR). Lit: 'carefully looking at our environment'. Usage: T.

- tth

tthak ts'at ganiinji'tr'adhat n. public concern. Lit: 'everyone is thinking about it.'. Usage: T.

U-u

iizuu tr'ahtsii n. waste. Lit: 'bad water is being made'. Usage: T.

V-v

gajiitii oontan' n. derrick. Lit: 'something that holds the drill up'. Usage: T.

gajiitii n. diamond bit. Lit: 'the drill bit is made of diamonds'. Usage:

n. screening. Lit: 'looking at it first'. Usage: T.

tshuu tatr' ahdahch 'a a gwi' dinehtl:' ee' n. water license. Lit: 'paper for using water'. Usage: T.

khatr'igugyit nihli'ejuk adj. directional drilling. Lit: 'the drilling

tool is being moved in different directions'. Usage: T.

vik'iighe' n. gas detection analyzer. Lit: 'gas fumes are known because of it'. Usage: T.

157

Y-y

158

n. cumulative affects

assessment (CEA). Lit: 'they are looking into the changes that have taken place over the years past'. Usage:

n. traditional knowledge. Lit: 'knowledge ofliving in the past'. Usage:

goonlii n. heritage resources. Lit: 'preserving different things our environment from long ago'. Usage: T.

A~ a

J - j

n. shot Usage:

Lit: 'I shot (with a gun).'.

v. jiggling. Lit: 'they are hooking for fish through ice'. Usage: T.

n. campsite. Lit: 'empty camp site'. Usage: G.

jidhalk'eh n. shot (I). Lit: 'I shot it (with a gun).'. Usage: T.

L - I

luk tr'ahgaii k'it n. fish camp. Lit: 'fish drying place'. Usage:

n. hooks (set under ice). Lit:

'hooks set under the ice'. Usage: G.

N-n

v.tr. tipped (boat). Lit: 'boat tipped in the water'. Usage:

n. camped. · 'they camped'. Usage:

n. shot (S/he). Lit: 's/he shot Usage: T.

a gun.'.

chitr'il'aih n. hooks (set under ice). Lit: 'hooks set under the ice'. Usage: T.

n. shooting (singular). Lit: 's/he is shooting.'. Usage:

n. shooting (plural). · 'They are shooting.'. Usage:

159

160

n. tramp (down snow). Lit: '"Tramp the snow Speaking to one person.'. Usage:

v. traveling. Lit: 'people moving out, traveling on land'. Usage: T.

v. set camp. Lit: 'Setting up camp'. Usage:

- a

n. stranger. Lit: 'stranger'. Usage:

B- b

n. baby. Usage:

Zhit n. Anglicans. Lit: 'ones who live in the rocks'. Usage:

n. orphan. Usage: B.

n. widow. Lit: 'widow'. Usage:

D- d

diny~hch'i' n. man (elderly). Lit: 'elderly man'.

Usage: B.

dinjii n. man. Usage: B.

dinjii chil'ee n. rich man. Lit: 'rich man'. Usage:

person. Lit: 'rich man'.

- g

n. single person. Lit: 's/he is not married'. Usage:

n. elder. Usage:

n. widower. Lit: 'widower'. Usage:

n. rich person. Lit: 's/he is rich'. Usage: G.

dinjii kat n. people. Lit: 'people'. Usage: T.

dinjii k'eejit n. man (young). Lit: 'young man'. Usage: B.

dinjii nat n. people. Lit: 'people'. Usage: T.

dinjii n. wicked man. Lit: 'devil man'. Usage: T.

dinjii tr'aandyidh n. wicked man. Lit: 'devil man'. Usage: G.

dinjii adj. aboriginal people. Usage: T.

dinjii n. people (black). Lit: 'black people'. Usage:

n. bridesmaid. Lit: 'she is their mother'. Usage:

161

n.

I

Lit: 'young people'. Usage:

N-n

n. girl. Usage:

njoo' n. girl (adolescent). Lit: 'older girl'. Usage:

nihkhanagajaazheh n. companions. Lit: 'they are always together'. Usage: G.

Sh - sh

shah gwich'in kat n. people (my). Lit: 'people who live with me'. Usage: T.

sha'oodee n. boyfriend (my). Lit: 'my boyfriend'. Usage: T.

162

n. single person. Lit: 's/he is alone'. Usage: G.

n. child. Usage:

n. Eskimo. Usage:

n. bushman. Lit: 'one who hides'.

Usage: G.

shinaghan n. woman (elderly). Lit: 'elderly woman'. Usage:

n. woman (young). Lit: 'new woman'. Usage:

Usage: T.

n. (pubescent). Usage:

n. man. Lit: . Usage:

- v

n. boyfriend/girlfriend (ex). Lit: 'his/her ex-boyfriend or girlfriend'. Usage: T.

- y

n. boy. Usage: B.

tshyaa k'eejit n. man (young). Lit: 'young man'. Usage: G.

- zh

zheh gwaazraii dhidii n. prisoner. Lit: 'one who is sitting in jail'. Usage:

njoo' n. adolescent boy. Lit: 'older boy'. Usage: B.

tshyaa tsal n. boy (little). Lit: 'little boy'. Usage:

who is sitting in . Usage: G.

163

164

soap'. Usage: G.

D~d

n. soap. 'soap'. Usage:

daatlih n. soap. Lit: 'soap'. Usage:

n. razor blade. Lit: 'knife for whiskers.'. Usage: G.

n. shaving cream. Lit: 'soap for whiskers'. Usage: G.

diigho' vah ek'ee'tr'ahtraa n. toothpaste. Lit: 'we wash our teeth with it.'. Usage: G.

E - e

edinehtl'eh tr'iditsit n. toilet paper. Lit:

I - i

'paper for wiping'. Usage: G.

ghoo n. cotton balls. Lit: 'round cotton'. Usage: T.

- v

diideezhoo n. razor. Lit: 'used to cut one's whiskers'. Usage: G.

n. shampoo. soap'. Usage: T.

n. comb. Usage:

n.

toothbrush. Lit: 'handle used to wash teeth.'. Usage: G.

vah n. toothpaste. Lit: 'we wash our teeth with it.'. Usage: T.

diinle' vah tr'ahtlee n. lotion (hand). Lit: 'for rubbing on one's hands'. Usage: G.

dinehtl'eh vah tr'iditsit n. toilet paper. Lit: 'paper for wiping'. Usage: T.

diigho' n. toothbrush. Lit: 'we wash our teeth with '. Usage:

165

166

A- a

n. Johnson Creek. · 'light creek'. Usage: T.

n. Black Mountain. Usage: T.

n. Schaeffer Mountain. Usage:

Van n. Attoe Lake. Usage:

n. Cadzaw Lake. Lit: 'reddish rocks'. Usage: T.

n. Rock River. Lit: 'between the rocks'. Usage:

Chii Tsal Dik n. Fort McPherson. Lit: 'on top the small rock'. Usage: T.

Ch' - ch'

Ch'idzee Njik n. Caribou Bar Creek. Lit: 'ear river'. Usage: T.

D d

JU'"""""''"'' .. Van' n. Summit Lake. Lit: 'loon lake'. Usage:

Chihvyah n. Big Sucker Creek. Lit: 'big sucker net place'. Usage: T.

Daats'at Chihvyah K'it Gwitsal n. Little Sucker Creek. Lit: 'small sucker fish net place.'. Usage: T.

n. Swan Creek. Lit: 'swan creek'. Usage:

n.

n. Bell river'. Usage:

Usage:

Lit: 'grey rock

Childii I Shildii n. Shiltee Rock. Lit: 'shocked or in shock'. Usage:

n. Shiltee Island. Lit: 'shock island'. Usage: T.

n. Old Crow River. Usage:

n. Swan Lake. Usage:

Gehnjigaa n. River. Lit: 'a distance back from big wood'. Usage: G.

Dachan Choo Gehnjik n. Tree River. Lit: 'a distance up from the big wood'. Usage:

Choo Njik n. Tree River. Lit: 'big wood river'. Usage:

I Scow Mountain. Lit: 'wooden plate I wooden plate mountain.'. Usage:

167

n.

Dalts'an 11.

Usage: T.

11.

'sheep bleating creek'. Usage:

11. (upper). Lit: river through the mountains'. Usage:

E - e

11. Caribou River. Lit: 'calving river'. Usage: T.

Njik 11. Heart Usage:

Eneelu' n. Fish Creek. Lit: 'minnow creek'. Usage:

- g

Ganiinlaii v. Cut Off. Lit: 'water flowing through'. Usage: T.

Gw- gw

Gwatoh Taii Tshik 11. Stony Creek. Lit: 'trail over the mountains creek'. Usage: T.

I - i

168

11. Eskimo Lake. Lit: 'Inuit fishing net place'. Usage:

n. Husky River. Lit: 'Inuit river'. Usage: T.

Uwge: T.

Ezhin n. Eagle River. Usage:

11. Crossly Lake. Usage: T.

Gyuu Dizhoo Njik n. Snake River. Lit: 'hairy worm creek I caterpillar creek'. Usage: T.

Njik n. Ogilvie River. Lit: 'swollen hill river'. Usage: T.

n. Husky Lake. Lit: 'Inuit lake'. Usage:

Van n. Travaillant Lit: 'winter fish lake'. Usage: T.

n. Rengling . Lit: 'water flowing out'. Usage: T.

Leth Kak n. Ghost Lake. Lit: lake on the mud'. Usage: G.

N-n

Nagwichoonjik n. Mackenzie River. Lit: 'big flowing river'. Usage: B.

Neech'ee Luk n. Fish Lake. Usage: G.

Neeghaii Zhoo Tshik n. Frog Creek. Lit: 'hairy frog creek'. Usage:

Nj - nj

Nji'khaii Njuu n. First Island. Lit: 'island further back'. Usage: T.

s - s

Sitr'ijee Van n. Sitidgi Lake. Usage: T.

Sheh n. Wounded Bear Lake. Lit: 'wounded grizzly bear'. Usage: G.

Shiinjik n. Porcupine River. Usage:

n. Lit: 'lots

of poplar creek'. Usage:

n. Fish Creek. Usage: T.

n. Wolverine River. Lit: 'wolverine, water flowing'. Usage:

Ni'iinlii Gwinjik n. Fishing Branch. Usage: T.

Nitaiinlaii n. Eight Miles. Lit: 'water flowing out'. Usage: T.

Njuu Alah n. Floating Island. Usage: T.

Shoh Diidhilkhaii Tshik n. Bear Creek. Lit: 'bear killed them creek'. Usage: T.

Shoh n. Wounded Bear Lake. Usage: T.

169

sr

n. Anderson coney river'. Usage:

Lit: 'big

T - t

n. Paddle Creek. Lit: 'broken paddle creek'. Usage:

n. Weldon Creek. Lit: 'big creek'. Usage: T.

n. Travaillant River. Usage:

Th- th

Thfm' Nadha'aii n. Lone Mountain. Lit: 'in a place by itself. Usage:

Tl' - tl'

Ti'ii Enjik n. David Lord Creek. Usage: T.

Tr - tr

n. WolfMountain. Usage:

Tr' - tr'

Tr'atr'aataii Tshik n. Trail Creek. Usage: T.

170

n. Boat Landing. Lit: 'big boat trail'. Usage:

~~·AA~U n. Three Cabin Creek. Lit: 'water flowing out'. Usage:

n. (lower). swimming along it'. Usage:

n. middle'. Usage:

n. Fort River House'. Usage:

'coney

'along the

.. ,..1 .. ..,u Van n. Campbell Lake. Lit: 'seagull lake'. Usage:

Tl'oo Kak Niinlaii n. Grass Creek. Lit: 'water flowing on grass'. Usage:

Njik n. Driftwood River. Lit: 'big wood river'. Usage:

Tr'iniintr'aii Njik n. Wind River. Lit: 'big winds creek'. Usage: T.

Ts - ts

n. Bonnetplume 'ochre drips out . Usage:

n. 'rough water'. Usage:

- tth'

Canyon.

Lit:

n. Blackstone River. Lit: 'black stone river'. Usage:

- v

Va'altl'ii n. Mason Hill. Usage:

Van Choo n. Hungry Lake. Lit: 'big lake'. Usage: T.

Van Tat Gwkh'in Teetshik n. Rat Indian Creek. Lit: 'people who live among the lakes creek'. Usage: T.

Vihtl'oo Tshik n. Road River. Lit: 'blue I green creek'. Usage: T.

Tshik n. Thunder River. Lit: 'flint creek'. Usage:

Gwijat n. Old Fort. Lit: 'rotten house'. Usage: T.

n. Arctic Red (town). Usage:

n. Arctic Red Usage:

Vindee Gw~hjat n. Rotten Eye. Lit: 'his rotten

eye'. Usage: B.

Vitreekwaa Viteetshik n. Vittrekwa Creek. Usage: T.

Gwitsal n. Lapierre House. Lit: 'small house'. Usage: T.

171

kat n. Speaker of the senate. Lit: 'the leader of the senate'. Usage:

c- c

n.

constitution act. Lit: 'a large scale law for Canada'. Usage: T.

D-d

dagwidii'e' gwaltsaii n. royal assent. Lit: 'law

was made.'. Usage: T.

dagwiiniindhan gwik'it tr'igwindaii n.

172

democracy. Lit: 'living the way we want'. Usage:

n. Councilor. Lit:

's/he speaks on behalf of his/her people'. Usage: G.

giikhii ligiijil n. constitutional

monarchy convention. Lit: 'one's who represent us are meeting'. Usage:

n. Senate. together'. Usage:

· 'elders met

n. Prime Minister. Lit: 'the most prominent leader of Canada'. Usage:

diiyeenjit ginjih gadaaghoo kat n. lobby group. Lit: 'ones who speak on our behalf.'. Usage: T.

dinjii daheedi'yaa eenjit agugwaandak n. campaign. Lit: 'a person/man is telling others what s/he will do'. Usage: T.

population. Lit: 'number of people being represented.'. Usage: T.

kat eenjit n. territorial government. Lit: 'in charge of the people.'. Usage:

n.

chief. · 'One who sits on the side Chief.'. Usage: G.

n. human rights. Lit: 'it is true for everyone'. Usage: T.

E - e

n. plebiscite. Lit: 'they are asking for what is most important.'. Usage: T.

- g

Gadaaghoo n. Parliament. Lit: 'Meeting house.'. Usage:

Gw- gw

gwidagwidU'e' adj. rights. Lit: 'it was made

law'. Usage: T.

n. Federal Government. Lit: 'most prominent decision makers.'. Usage:

Iisrits'at Chit n. Minister (political). Lit: 'most prominent leader'. Usage:

chit nilii n. executive. Lit: 'most prominent leaders'. Usage: T.

. 'a

n. equalization. Lit: 'taking care of eve1yone in the same way'. Usage:

guudatr'igwijilcheii kat n. political party. Lit: 'ones who have been put in a position'. Usage:

Hsrits'at dagwidU'e' n. constitution. Lit: 'the

most prominent law'. Usage:

173

Usage: T.

n.

transfer payment. Lit: 'giving money to another person'. Usage:

J - j

n. council. Lit: 'ones who sit'. Usage: T.

K- k

n. local government. Lit: 'leaders in the community'. Usage: T.

N-n

nagwinii'aii geenjit gwaandak n. speech from the throne. Lit: 's/he is talking about what has been put in place'. Usage: T.

- tr'

tr'oodahkat neegwidadhat n. question period. Lit: 'questioning has begun.'. Usage: T.

- u

tr'oonjii n. voting. Lit: 'names are being taken'. Usage: T.

V-v

174

kaiik'it zhit n. municipal government. Lit: 'the ones in charge of the community'. Usage:

Nanhkak Eenjit Iisrits'at Chit n. Premier. Lit: 'most prominent leader for the land'. Usage: T.

tr'oonjik kat n. elected representatives. Lit: 'ones who's names were chosen'. Usage:

kat n. legislative committee. Lit: 'some of the ones put in a position are meeting together'. Usage:

n. constituency. Lit: 'the number of his/her communities'. Usage: T.

n.

member's bill. Lit: 's/he gave his/her paper.'. Usage: T.

kat n. legislative branch. Lit: 'on the side of the ones who's names were chosen.'. Usage:

175

Dr-

n. spring season (late). Lit: 'late spring, after break up'. Usage: T.

n. spring season (late). Lit: 'late

spring/early summer'. Usage:

gwilgwan 9 n. spring (came early). Lit: 'the spring melt happened fast'. Usage: T.

drin n. day. Usage: B.

Drin Choo n. New Years Day. Lit: 'big day'. Usage:

drin choo n. holiday. Lit: 'big day'. Usage: G.

Drin Daankat n. Thursday. Lit: 'fourth day'. Usage:

drin dahgwadh n. shorter days. Lit: 'shorter days'. Usage: G.

176

dahgwan n. shorter days. Lit: 'shorter days'. Usage: T.

n. longer days. Lit: 'longer days'. Usage: B.

gehndoo n. day (after). Lit: 'the day after'. Usage: T.

gwitagwinaanch 9uu adj. daily. Lit: 'a number of days'. Usage: T.

n. Friday. Lit: 'the fifth day'. Usage:

Lit: 'the spring Usage: G.

n. spring (came early).

happened fast'.

n. November. Lit: 'sheep month'. Usage:

k'ideetak ihlak n. one week. Lit: 'in the middle of one day'. Usage:

Drin Neekaii n. Tuesday. Lit: 'day two'. Usage: T.

Drin Tik n. Wednesday. Lit: 'day three'. Usage:

drin tik gwanoo n. three days ago. Lit: 'three days ago'. Usage: T.

tik gwindoo' n. three days from now. Lit: 'after three days'. Usage: T.

tl'ee prep. three days later. Lit: 'after three days'. Usage:

n. three days ago. Lit: 'three days ago'. Usage: G.

drin tyek gwindoo n. three days later. Lit: 'after three days'. Usage: G.

Drin n. Monday. Lit: 'the day after'. Usage:

Dr in n.

Usage:

Drin Drin n. Tuesday. Lit: 'day after Monday'. Usage:

Drin n. Christmas. Lit: 'small day'. Usage: T.

Drin n. Lit: 'two

days from day'. Usage: G.

E - e

Echee n. March. Lit: 'eagle month'. Usage: T.

G- g

gehndoo drin n. day (next). Lit: 'the next day'. Usage: G.

Gw- gw

Zree' n. May. Lit: 'month when snow thaws during the day and refreezes at night'. Usage: G.

H- h

Gwantl'agwida'aii n. Thanksgiving Day. Lit: 'thanksgiving day'. Usage: T.

J - j

Drin n. Lit:

days from day'. Usage: G.

Drin n. Wednesday. Lit: 'day three from day'. Usage: G.

Drin n. Saturday. Lit: 'day before Sunday'. Usage:

n. Saturday. · 'day before Sunday'. Usage: G.

Drin n. Sunday. Usage:

Edrii n. Valentines Day. Lit: 'heart day'. Usage:

n. May. Lit: 'month when snow thaws during the day and refreezes at night'. Usage: T.

177

n.

U.sage: G.

n. December. Lit: 'short days'. Usage:

- k'

adv. yesterday. Usage: G.

v. day before yesterday.

Usage: G.

Kh- kh

Khahzhak Zree' n. December. Lit: 'month under night'. Usage: G.

khaii n. winter. Usage: B.

khaii k'eejit n. new year. Lit: 'new winter'.

L l

178

Usage: G.

neekat gwinoo n. two winters ago. Usage: B.

n. winter (middle). Lit: 'middle of winter'.

n. season. Usage:

n. Friday. Lit: 'fish eating day'. Usage:

n.

Usage: G.

adv. today. Usage:

drin adv. today. Usage:

adv. yesterday. Usage: T.

v. day before yesterday.

khaiints'an' n. fall (previous). Lit: 'last fall'. Usage:

khanh gwahahgwan' n. spring (future tense). Lit: 'the spring melt will come fast'. Usage: T.

.u ....... gwHgwi'm' n. spring (came early). Lit: 'snow melted quickly'. Usage: B.

khanh goodlet n. summer (early). Lit: 'summer came early'. Usage: G.

khanh n. summer (early). 'summer will come early'. Usage:

n. All Saints Day (Nov lst). Lit: 'big . Usage: G.

n. new year. beginning'. Usage: T.

·'anew

n. fall season. Lit: 'tn~ezm2: up.'. Usage: T.

n. tomorrow. Usage:

n. day tomorrow. tomorrow'. Usage:

- sh

shin n. summer. 'summer'. Usage: B.

- sr

sree n. calendar. Lit: 'month book'. Usage: G.

sree nimh n. month. Lit: 'month'. Usage: G.

Sree Nfmh Adaghoo n. June. Lit: 'month when eggs are laid'. Usage: G.

Sree Nanh Ne'tandijaa n. September. Lit: 'month when birds fly away'. Usage: G.

Sree Nanh Tadidichii n. October. Lit: 'month when ice is starting to freeze'. Usage: G.

Sree Dak Na'eeda'aa n. February.

T - t

Lit: 'month when the sun begins to rise'. Usage: G.

ago.

adj. long ago. Lit: 'a long time ago'. Usage: T.

n. August. Lit: 'animals moulting month'. Usage: G.

n. February. month'. Usage: T.

n. August 15. Lit: 'big the middle of summer'. Usage: G.

Sree Vananh Lq,U Yichii n. May. Lit: 'month

when dogs bark'. Usage: G.

Sree Vananh Lanatr'aadal n. July. Lit: 'month when people gather together'. Usage: G.

v. spring season. Lit: 'spring time'. Usage: T.

n. spring season. Lit: 'spring time'. Usage: G.

n. calendar. Lit: 'days ofthe month book'. Usage: T.

n. month. Lit: 'month'. Usage: B.

179

n.

service'. Usage:

- ts

tr'ilii n. treaty day. 'money giving day'. Usage: T.

v- v

n. October. Lit: 'caribou month'. Usage: T.

Vammh Adaghoo n. June. Lit: 'month when eggs are laid'. Usage: B.

Vananh n. September. Lit: 'month when antlers shed'. Usage:

Vananh Dzhirh Thoh T'atr'aazhik n. April. Lit: 'the month when mitts are tucked into the belt'. Usage: T.

Vananh Gwijidhitsik n. August. Lit: 'month when plants tum red'. Usage: T.

Vammh Laii Yichii n. May. Lit: 'month when dogs bark'. Usage: T.

y- y

yi'eenoo dfd' adj. long ago. Lit: 'a long time ago'. Usage: B.

180

n. Usage: T.

.......... Ne'nidijaa n. September. Lit: 'month when birds fly away'. Usage: T.

Vananh n. July. Lit: 'month when birds moult'. Usage: T.

Goojiidhat n. February. Lit: 'it has passed over'. Usage: G.

Videetoh Goojiidhilt n. January. Lit: 'it has passed'. Usage:

Vitoh Gwichimdhat n. January. Lit: 'it has passed'. Usage: G.

n. caribou hide (tanned). Lit: 'tanned caribou hide.'. Usage:

n. needle (glover). · 'needle for sewing hide'. Usage: T.

akaiilaih n. babiche (thick). Lit: 'foot lacing on snowshoes'. Usage:

- ch

n. pleats. · 'pleats'. Usage:

n. sinew. Lit: 'sinew'. Usage: G.

n. thread. Lit: 'thread'. Usage: G.

ch'ih n. sinew. Lit: 'sinew'. Usage: T.

D - d

dinjik dhoh n. moose hide. Usage: B.

E - e

edzH gwkhoo n. thimble. Lit: 'big ears'. Usage: T.

ethitl'ii n. cloth. Usage: B.

ethitl'ii tl'yaa' n. bias tape. Lit: 'string made from fabric'. Usage:

I - i

n. knitting. Lit: 'I am knitting.'. Usage: T.

n. scissors. Lit: 'metal that bites'. Usage:

n. sewmg UH.1,vl!!Hv

'machine that sews'. Usage: G.

n. babiche (thick). Lit: 'foot lacing on

snowshoes'. Usage: G.

n. thread. Lit: 'thread'. Usage: T.

n. porcupine quills. Usage: B.

ethitl'ii vah nitr'igwinahtsi' n. bias tape. Lit: 'fabric used to make things fancy'. Usage:

181

- k

n.

n. fur (moccasin trim). Usage: G.

n. laces (moccasin). 'moccasin strings'. Usage: G.

n. sewed. Lit: 'I sewed'. Usage: T.

Kh- kh

khaniidoo n. sinew. Lit: 'I am twisting it'. Usage: T.

L - l

lalen n. yam. Usage: G. [Note: borrowed French (la laine )]

lalen tthah tsal n. needle (wool). Lit: 'yam needle'. Usage: G.

larabl:}l:} n. ribbon. Usage: G. [Note: borrowed

(le ruban)]

N-n

naagaii n. beads. Usage: T.

n. beads. Usage: G.

182

sews'.

n. laces (moccasin). 'moccasin strings'. Usage:

'top ofthe foot'. Usage:

laswee n. embroidery thread. Usage: B. [Note: borrowed French (la soie )]

lavadoo n. button. Usage: T. [Note: borrowed French (le bouton)]

lavado .. o .. n. button. Usage: G. [Note: borrowed French (le bouton)]

naagaii tthah tsal n. needle (beading). Lit: 'beading needle'. Usage:

n. yam, wool. Lit: 'thin yam'. Usage: G.

n. fur (hood trim). 'fur around the hood'. Usage: T.

Lit:

Tl' -

tl'H n. babiche (skinny). Usage:

n. duffle. Lit: 'blanket'. Usage: B.

Tth -

tthah n. awl. Usage: T.

tsal n. needle (sewing). Usage: B.

tsal n. needle bag. Lit: 'needle cover'. Usage:

tthah n. needle (glover). Lit: 'three edged needle'. Usage: G.

- v

viti' in n. hem. Lit: 'around the bottom edge'. Usage:

- w

n. yam. Usage:

n. babiche (skinny). babiche'. Usage: T.

·'skinny

tthah n. needle (round). Lit: 'round

needle'. Usage: G.

tthah tsal zheii n. needle (glover). Lit: 'traditional needle'. Usage: G.

tthak n. fringe. Usage: B.

183

A- a

n. moonlight. Usage: T.

v. rammg. 'it is raining'.

v. snowing. Lit: 'it is snowing'. Usage: G.

Lit: is snowing'. Usage:

v. windstorm. wind'. Usage: T.

- ch

·'strong

n. weather (good). Lit: 'it is good/nice outside'. Usage: T.

D-d

dakdhat srii needa'aa n. sun (rising higher). Lit: 'the sun is rising higher'. Usage: T.

dii ahtr'aii n. north wind. Usage: T.

- dr

drat ts'at ahtr'~U n. wind (cross). Lit: 'wind is

blowing crosswise'. Usage: G.

n. storm. Lit: 'stormy weather.'.

Usage: G.

184

n. · 'wind/it is . Uwge: T.

v. Lit: 'wind/it is windy'. Usage: G.

v. wind'. Usage:

anluh n. hail. Usage: G.

n. fog. Usage:

v. wind (beginning). Lit: 'wind beginning to blow'. Usage: T.

doo ahtr'eii adv. downwind. Lit: 'blowing down'. Usage: G.

dyee ahtr'eii' n. north wind. Usage: G.

drij~htsai' n. storm. Lit: 'stormy weather'.

Usage: T.

E - e

ee

- g

n.

'wind blowing towards the mountains'. Usage: G.

n. west Usage:

n. sunrise. Lit: 'the sun is rising'.

Usage: G.

ge'ta'aih n. sunrise. Lit: 'the sun is rising.'. Usage:

Gw- gw

gwidhah hah ahtr'aih n. wind (chinook). Lit: 'warm wind blowing'. Usage: T.

gwiinzii gweech'inh kwah n. visibility (poor). Lit: 'poor visibility'. Usage: B.

gwiiyaa'an gwiniidhah n. weather (warmer). Lit: 'it is warmer'. Usage: B.

gwiniik'adh n. colder. Lit: 1s colder'. Usage: G.

gwiizuu nagwii'eh n. weather (bad). Lit: 'the weather is bad'. Usage:

gwiniidhaa n. weather (warm). Lit: 'it is warm'. Usage:

I -

n. west

'Blowing towards the u"""·'""""'· Usage: G.

n. Usage:

n. colors from sunrise. Usage: G.

gudeedrii chihvyaa' n. rainbow. Lit: 'spider web'. Usage: B.

gudeedrii da'ootl'ii n. rainbow. Lit: 'weaved by a spider.'. Usage: G.

gwiniik'oh acij. cold. Lit: 'it is cold'. Usage:

gwitaneek'adh n. weather (colder). Lit: 'the weather will get colder'. Usage: G.

goo'aih adj. cloudy day. Lit: 'beneath, low'. Usage:

adj. clear visibility. Lit: 'a

clear day'. Usage: T.

185

J - j

L - I

n.

n. Usage:

adj. 'calm, no wind'. Usage: T.

n. clouds. Usage:

goo'aih adj. cloudy the clouds'. Usage:

Lit: 'under

li' ts'at n. wind (cross). Lit: 'wind is blowing in all directions'. Usage: T.

lijuutr'aih n. wind (cross). Lit: 'wind is blowing in all directions'. Usage: T.

N- n

nadrid~hshah n. weather (warming up). Lit:

'the weather is warming up'. Usage: G.

nagweedhah n. weather (warmer). Lit: 'the weather is getting warmer'. Usage: G.

n. sunset. Lit: 'the sun is going down'. Usage: G.

nan kak gwiniidhaa neegwijaazhih n.

global warming. Lit: 'the land is beginning to warm up'. Usage: T.

nazhoh eedizhaa v. snowed (heavily). Lit: 'a heavy snow fall'. Usage: T.

n. sunset. Lit: 'the sun is going down'. Usage: T.

186

n.

n. lS

Usage: T.

t'eh adj. cloudy day. Lit: 'under

the clouds'. Usage: G.

ak'oo' n. weather (cold). 'cold weather after ice moved'. Usage: T.

ne'gw~h'eh n. visibility (poor). Lit: 'poor

visibility due to a heavy snow fall or fog'. Usage: B.

nehtan n. thunder. Usage: B.

v. lightening. · 'thunder's fire'. Usage: T.

n. east wind. Usage:

nuu ahtr'aih n. south wind. Usage: G.

ahtr'aih n. south wind. Usage: T.

s - s

n. star.

- sr

sree n. sun. Usage: G.

sree 'complete

moon.'. Usage: G.

sree n. sun (ring around). Lit: 'strung around the sun'. Usage: G.

T - t

tadh aadrih n. moonlight. Lit: 'night light'. Usage: G.

tadh gim'~ih n. darkness. Lit: 'it is dark'.

Usage: G.

tadh oozree n. moon. Lit: 'night light'. Usage: G.

tr'akhaiijaatil n. weather (sudden cold). Lit: 'sudden cold weather'. Usage: T.

n. meteor. Lit:

sree n. sunshine. Lit: 'the sun is shining'.

Usage: G.

srii n. sun. Usage: T.

n. sunny day. Lit: 'the sun is up'. Usage: T.

n. sunshine. Lit: 'the sun is shining'. Usage: T.

too goo'aii n. darkness. Lit: 'it is dark'. Usage: T.

too oozrii n. moon. Lit: 'night light'. Usage: T.

too oozrii k'inyaazheii n. moon (full). Lit: 'complete moon.'. Usage: T.

187

- y

n. east Usage:

n. aurora borealis (northern lights). Usage:

n. aurora borealis (northern

lights). Lit: 'northern lights burning'. Usage: G.

Zh- zh

zhee n. sky. Usage: G.

zhee hyidh n. sky. Usage: G.

zhee n. sky. Usage: T.

zheezrih n. sky (clear). Lit: 'clear sky'. Usage: T.

188

n. big dipper ( constelation). Usage:

n. little dipper ( constelation). Usage:

n. big dipper ( constelation). Usage: G.

tsal n. little dipper ( constelation). Usage: G.

zhoh bah ahtr'aih n. snowstorm. Lit: 'blowing with snow'. Usage: B.

zhoh nanadhidoh n. snowstorm. Lit: 'snow blowing in all directions'. Usage:

A~ a

ahsheh v. snowing. Lit: 'it is snowing'. Usage:

~ d

~ g

n. snow patch (on tree branches.'. Usage:

Lit: 'snow on

n. ice (mountain). Lit: 'mountain ice'. Usage:

n. snowflakes. Lit: 'tom up pieces of rabbit fur'. Usage: G.

gihdaluu niinjik n. ice jam. Lit: 'ice is jammed all the way across the river.'. Usage: G.

Gw ~ gw

gwahgwfm' n. melting (snow). Lit: 'snow is melting.'. Usage: T.

gwiijii n. avalanche (past tense). Lit: 'avalanche or mud slide happened.'. Usage: T.

H ~ h

gwidanaagwat n. ice jam. Lit: 'river jammed with . Usage: T.

khaints'ilm' n. ice (thin). Lit: 'fall ice'. Usage: G.

v. snowing. Lit: is snowing'. Usage:

n. glacier. Usage: B.

gwilyim' n. snow crust. Usage: B.

n. frozen river. frozen over'. Usage: G.

'river

189

luu

luu

luu

hm

n.

n. ice (first to form the fall).

Usage: G. [Note: ice just starting to freeze over a river or lake in the fall time]

n. ice (thick). ice'. Usage:

n. ice (hard). Lit: 'the ice is hard/solid'. Usage: T.

n. ice (thick). Lit: 'very Usage: B.

ice'.

n. ice (thin). Lit: 'thin ice'. Usage:

n. ice (clear). Lit: 'clear (transparent) ice'. Usage:

n. ice (rough). Lit: 'rough ice'. Usage:

G.

luu ehdeh n. clear of ice. Lit: 'river clear of ice in spring time'. Usage: G.

ghwaii n. ice (rough). Lit: 'rough ice'. Usage: T.

'luu khaagit n. ice (among the mountains). Lit: 'frozen bump of ice'. Usage:

luu khadaneedaddhak n. ice (crushed). Lit: 'smashed up (crushed) ice during spring'. Usage: G.

...... ~, .. ,, .. ~ ..... w ... n. ice (broken). Lit: 'ice broken into pieces'. Usage: T.

N- n

190

luu

hm

luu

n.

pieces'. Usage:

n. ice (clear). 'clear (transparent) ice'. Usage: G.

n. ice (hard). ice is hard/solid'.

Usage: G.

n. ice jam. Lit: 'solid ice jam'. Usage: T.

n. icicle. Lit: 'dripping ice'. Usage: T.

n. ice jam. Lit: 'ice stopped flowing'. Usage:

n. ice jam. Lit: 'ice stopped flowing'. Usage:

ruh n. icicle. Usage: G.

taojiilit n. ice (melting). Lit: 'ice is melting'. Usage: T.

luu tilk'it n. ice (cracked). Lit: 'crack in ice on a river or a lake'. Usage: T.

luu tyil' n. ice (cracked). Lit: 'crack in ice on a river or a lake'. Usage: G.

luu tsai' n. ice (rough). Lit: 'rough ice after it stops running and is frozen'. Usage: T.

luu vine'tathitroo n. ice pack along shore. Usage: G .

n. ice (moving). Lit: 'ice started moving'. Usage: T.

n. ice (moving). Lit: 'ice is moving'. Usage:

adj. melted. melted.'. Usage:

'snow 1ce

niluu

n. Usage:

n. Usage:

T - t

n. frozen over. 'frozen or lake'. Usage:

n. ice (thin). Lit: 'thin ice along the shore in the fall.'. Usage: G.

tan n. ice (large area). Usage: [Note: solid ice covering a large area such as a or lake]

tan n. ice (cracking). · 'loud cracking sound from ice'. Usage: T.

tan altr~H n. ice (cracked). Lit: 'cracked ice'.

Usage: G.

TP-

tl'eedik hm n. ice on river bank. Usage:

Ts - ts

tsaih zhyaa n. snow (underneath crust). Usage:

Zh-

n. snow. Usage:

tshadh n. snow (powdery). Lit: 'fluffy snow'. Usage: G.

zhoh chid n. snowflakes. Lit: 'big snowflakes'. Usage: T.

zhoh n. snow (deep). Lit: 'deep snow'. Usage:

- .. ~ ... ··~~·"·~ n. melting (snow). · 'the . Usage:

tan n. ice (over creek bed). ice through creeks with no water underneath'. Usage:

n. ice (glossy). Lit: , glossy ice.'. Usage: G.

n. ice (glossy). Lit: 'clear, glossy ice.'. Usage:

n. air hole. Lit: 'air hole (on lake or river ice)'. Usage:

teevee n. ice pack along shore. Lit: 'ice along shore'. Usage: T.

tsil n. snowdrift. Usage: B.

n. snow slide. Lit: 'snow slid down'. Usage: G.

taojiilit n. melting (snow). Lit: 'snow is melting'. Usage: T.

zhoh n. snow (wet). Lit: 'wet snow'. Usage: B.

n. snow (powdery). 'fluffy snow'. Usage:

191

192

n. spirit. 'one's spirit'. Usage:

Zhit n. Anglicans. Lit: 'ones who live in the rocks'. Usage:

D-d

Daag~U n. Saint. Lit: 'pure/it is white.'. Usage:

G.

daag~U Maarii n. blessed virgin Mary. Lit:

'white Mary'. Usage: G.

tr'igiikhii n. confirmation. Lit: 'they

are being prayed over'. Usage:

- dh

dhits'yaa n. pure. Lit: 'very clean'. Usage:

Dr-

Drin n. Christmas. Lit: 'small day'. Usage:

v. offering (to the church). Lit: 'they are making offerings'. Usage.

n. Anglican Minister. Lit: 'Minister of the ones who live in the rocks.'. Usage: G.

n. purgatory. burned'. Usage: G.

·'they are

n. Nun. Lit: 'one's older sister'. Usage: B.

Diiyuundee n. Catholic Brother. Lit: 'one's older brother'. Usage: B.

dinehtl'eh choo n. bible. Lit: 'big book'. Usage: B.

Dinjii Dazhan n. Medicine Man. Lit: 'spiritual medicine man'. Usage: B.

193

- g n. Anglican Minister. Lit: 'Minister'.

Usage:

n. Minister. Usage:

n. Priest. Lit: 'Priest/Minister'. Usage:

n. Bishop. Lit: 'big minister'. Usage: T.

giikhlii n. vestment. Lit: 'Minister clothes.'. Usage:

giikhii ts'amm n. altar boys. Lit: 'minister's helper'. Usage:

Gw- gw

gwilin kwaa gwits'at gwiteendaih adj. eternal life. Lit: 'live to no end'. Usage:

h

httiikoo diikak ne'tr'iinlii n. last sacrament.

Lit: on them advance'. Usage: G.

I - i

ink'yuu T.

K' - k'

194

n. Holy Spirit. Usage:

v. prayer. U.sage:

n. prayer (request for). Lit:

's/he is requesting prayer'. Usage:

n. miracle. Usage: T.

Lit:

v. praying. Lit: 'they are praying'. Usage: G.

2wanta:z:nu n. confession. Lit: 's/he is making a confession'. Usage:

L - I

limes

L - l

n. Pope. Lit: 'Pope'. Usage: G. [Note: borrowed French (le Pape )]

n. altar boys. Lit: 'mass

helper'. Usage: G. [Note: borrowed French (la messe)]

Luundee Choo n. All Saints Day (Nov 1st). Lit: 'big saints day'. Usage: G.

- m

N-n

dhits'aa n. blessed virgin Mary. Lit: 'virgin Mary'. Usage: T.

n.

n. confession. Lit: 's/he is making a confession'. Usage:

n. confession. Lit: 'a confession is being made'. Usage:

limes n. vestment. Lit: 'mass clothing'. Usage: G. [Note: borrowed French (la messe)]

limes k'it n. altar. Lit: 'a place for mass'. Usage: [Note: borrowed French (la messe)]

Urnes tsham tyaa' n. chalice. Lit: 'cup for mass'. Usage: G.

Nagwidandaih Drin n. Easter. Lit: 'coming back to life day'. Usage: G.

n. Easter Monday. Lit: 'day after Easter'. Usage: G.

195

IS

put in the ground'. Usage: G.

nan

put in the ground'. Usage:

Drin n. Easter Day. 's/he came back to life day'. Usage: T.

n. Easter Monday. Lit: 'day after Easter'. Usage:

shan n. medicine (spiritual). Lit: 'spiritual medicine'. Usage:

shan elik n. song (prophetic). Lit: 'spiritual medicine song'. Usage: G.

shink'yuu' n. spirit (my). Lit: 'my spirit'. Usage: T.

Sr - sr

Sruudidinuu n. Saint. Lit: 'holy'. Usage: T.

T - t

Tadh Tr'igUkhii n. Christmas. Lit: 'evening

service'. Usage:

n. Lit: 'it was made'. Usage: G.

196

n.

n. chalice. Lit: 'cup for communion'. Usage: T.

n. spirit (my). Lit: 'my spirit'.

Usage: G.

shizhin n. soul (my). Lit: 'my soul'. Usage: G.

'E>"'n.,, .. zheh n. church. Lit: 'church service house'. Usage: B.

·~., .. u., .. zheh n. chapel. Lit: church'. Usage:

Tsh-

- u

n. water (holy). Lit: 'holy

. Usage:

n. lS

n. sign of the cross. Lit: 'making a sign of a cross'. Usage: G.

V-v

Vit'egwij~hch'uu n. God. Lit: 's/he is

depended on'. Usage: T.

Y-y

Yahtii Choo n. Cardinal. Lit: 'big priest'. Usage:

Iisrits'at n. Pope. Lit: 'most prominent father'. Usage:

n. Priest. Lit: 'father'. Usage: G.

n. Bishop. Lit: 'big father'. Usage: G.

- zh

n. Usage: T.

n. baptism. Lit: 'water is being given'. Usage: B

diikak gijkhii n. confirmation.

Lit: 'the bishop is praying over them'. Usage: G.

yeechih gahdandaii n. prophet. Lit: 's/he knows things ahead oftime.'. Usage: G.

chH'eh n. worship. Lit: 's/he is respected'. Usage: G.

n. 'on sky'. Usage:

197

198

kak n. 'head angel'. Usage:

kak n. guardian · 'angle that takes care of us'.

D- d

I - i

Tl' -

n. shredder (paper). Lit: 'it cuts up paper'. Usage:

n. kidney dialysis machine. Lit: 'a machine that helps the kidneys'. Usage: T.

n. interpreting equipment. · 'machine used for translating'. Usage: T.

n. telephone. Lit:

'speaking in string'. Usage: B.

""''""'""'·" .. .,. n. life support machine. Lit: 'a machine used for breathing'. Usage: T.

n. cordless phone. Lit: 'telephone with no string'. Usage:

tr'igijkhii adah

cell phone. Lit: 'a phone that people carry with them'. Usage:

199

n.

A- a

D-d

n. weather thermometer. · 'it measures cold.'. Usage: G.

adj. full. to the top'. Usage: T.

nih tat

gwidhah n. heat. Lit: 'its heat'. Usage: T.

gwiindzik n. light (weight). Lit: 'it is light'. Usage: T.

I - i

iiteetl'at n. halfway. Lit: 'in the middle'. Usage: T.

J - j

jidii n. small. Lit: 'something very small'. Usage:

N-n

nUgyin' adj. luke warm. Lit: 'luke warm'.

Usage:

200

n. parts per billion I million. Lit: 'they measure how much they will mix together'. Usage:

n. distance. Lit: 'the distance'. Usage:

T.

gwil.:'iiyee'it n. some. Lit: 'some of it'. Usage:

n{ik'oh adj. cold. Lit: 'it (an object) is cold'.

Usage:

lS

- v

n. weigh scale.

is weighed with it'. Usage:

it'.

n. weigh scale. Lit: 'one is weighed with it'. Usage: G.

201

J ~ j

juk

Lit: 'middle the day'.

n. tonight. tonight'. Usage: G.

n. this evening. Lit: 'tonight'. Usage: B.

juk n. tonight. Umge: G.

k'eejit vfmh n. morning. Lit: 'earlier this morning'. Usage: G.

khahts'at n. evening. Lit: 'night'. Usage: B.

- Sir

sreedrii ihlak n. one hour. Lit: 'one hour'. Usage: B.

sreedrii ants'at teenjir n. one and one

T ~ t

half hour. Lit: 'one hour and half. Usage: G.

aha a n. half hour. Lit: 'one hour is going halfway'. Usage: T.

tadh n. night. Lit: 'night/darkness'. Usage: G.

tl' at n. midnight. Lit: 'middle of the night'. Usage:

202

n. this evening. tonight'. Usage:

n. this morning. Usage:

khahts'at gwits'at gweedhah v. towards evening. Lit: 'going towards night time'. Usage: B.

ihlak ts'at teenjir n. one and one half hour. Lit: 'one hour and half. Usage: T.

teenjir n. half hour. Lit: 'in the middle of one hour'. Usage: G.

too n. night. Lit: 'night/darkness'. Usage:

too n. midnight. Lit: 'middle of the night'. Usage: T.

v v

n.

- y · 'first

n.

of day'. Usage:

203

D- d

Usage: n. axe (broad). ·'wide

n. axe (butt ofblade). of an axe blade'. Usage:

Dr-dr

drab ts'at n. ladder (for stage cache). Lit: 'steps up to the cache'. Usage: T. [Note: a large log with steps cut out was used to make this ladder.]

gwinjit tr'iinjaa n. funnel. Lit: 'it is poured through'. Usage:

I - i

iitsii tl'yah n. chain. Lit: 'metal string'. Usage: B.

L - I

luu dzah n. chisel (ice). Lit: 'ice chisel'. Usage: T.

- n

nihk'yuu daa'aii n. axe (double bladed). Lit: 'axe on both sides'. Usage:

n. chisel (snowshoe). 'hollowed used to make snowshoes'. Usage: B.

204

n. plain. 'wood scraper'.

Usage: T.

Htsii vah tr'oo'al n. pliers. Lit: 'metal used for clamping.'. Usage: T.

n. chisel (ice). Lit: 'ice chisel'. Usage:

n. (gaff). Usage: T. [Note: large

T ~ t

hook used for hanging a kettle or meat over the fire]

n. gun sight (front). Lit: 'it is

centre'. Usage: G.

Tl' ~ tl'

n. scythe (grass cutter). Lit: 'used to cut grass'. Usage: T.

~ ts'

ts'iigho' n. chisel (snowshoe). Lit: 'flat headed chisel'. Usage: B.

~ tth

tthah n. awl. Usage: T.

U-u

tshuu t'eh tadhahchik ahtsii n. air gun. Lit: 'makes sounds under the water'. Usage: T.

v v

n. drill bit. Lit: 'drills' teeth'.

vah iidzhii n. scraping board. Lit: 'board used for scraping raw caribou or moose hide.'. Usage: T.

khatr'indoo n. wrench. Lit: 'twist with it'. Usage: T.

nan n. rake. Lit: 'we scratch the ground with '. Usage:

n. file. Lit: 'a piece of steel used to sharpen knives'. Usage:

iidzhii n. scraping board. Lit: 'board used for scraping raw caribou or moose hide.'. Usage:

vizhit k'adaojuudlii n. ladder. Lit: 'placed on the inside, above one another'. Usage: G.

khatr'igwizhit n. spade. Lit: 'dig out in it'. Usage: T.

205

Zh ~ zh

n. (snow). 'snow Usage: T.

206

A- a

aih n. snowshoes. Usage:

E - e

n. anchor. Lit: lies at the bottom of a river/lake'. Usage:

n. snowshoes. Usage: G.

I - i

n. automobile. Lit: 'metal wagon'. Usage: B.

iitsii khall ak'~hdak edinehtl'ee' n. driver's

J - j

license. Lit: 'automobile driver's paper'. Usage: G.

juh toh n. pole. Lit: 'boat pole'. Usage: T.

Kh- kh

khaihtak gwahahtsah n. journey. Lit: 'a trip will be made'. Usage: T.

L - l

L - I

N-n

n. handlebar. Lit: 'handlebar of a sleigh wrapper'. Usage:

n. dog pack. Usage:

n. airplane. Lit: 'a machine that flies'. Usage: T.

nahandit'ee ghoo n. helicopter. Lit: 'round flying machine'. Usage:

207

n . . Usage: T.

T - t

n. paddle. Usage: T.

tsal n. canoe. Lit: 'small boat'. Usage:

V-v

chichidha' ~u n. anchor rope.

Usage: G.

- zh

zhee khyuu nahdalak n. spacecraft. Lit: 'it floats in the sky.'. Usage: T.

208

n. paddle. Usage: G.

A- a

D-d

n. birch. Usage:

n. spruce bark. Usage:

n. shavings. Lit: 'wood shavings'. Usage: B.

n. Usage:

n. leaves. Usage:

n. dried branches. Lit: 'Tree branches getting dry'. Usage:

dahshaa n. punk wood. Usage: T. [Note: used for smoking hides]

n. stone berry. Usage:

n. dry tree. Lit: 'tree becoming dry'. Usage: T.

deetree jak n. black current. Usage: B.

deetree jak n. juniper. Lit: 'crow berries'. Usage: G.

didich'l:!U n. dried branches. Lit: 'dried spruce

boughs'. Usage: G.

didich'eii n. dried branches. Lit: 'dried spruce boughs'. Usage: T.

Dz- dz

ant'at n. spruce gum (soft). Lit: 'sticky spruce gum'. Usage: G.

dzih ant'at n. spruce gum (soft). Lit: 'sticky spruce gum'. Usage:

Dzh-

n. yarrow. Lit: flower'. Usage: G.

tsoo n. alpine arnica. Lit: 'yellow or leaf.'. Usage:

n. willow/treetop (dried out). Usage: T. [Note: the top of an old dry willow or tree, looks like a bird nest]

n. blackberry, crowberry. Usage:

dineedzH n. spruce cone. Usage: B.

doo n. drift wood. Usage: B.

doo tsii n. driftwood (pile). Lit: 'drift wood cache'. Usage: T. [Note: a pile of drift wood that has collected on the banks while ice is moving]

doo'ii'ahshih n. northern ground cone. Usage: T. [Note: Cone shaped like a pipe.]

du'iinahshee n. northern ground cone. Usage: G. [Note: Cone shaped like a pipe.]

n. spruce gum. Lit: 'clear (transparent) wood gum'. Usage: T.

209

E - e

..,, ... ., ...... ._.,,u n. fungus (birch). · 'birch fungus'.

g

I -

J - j

Usage: [Note: a fungus that grows on birch trees used as a fire starter and medicinal purposes]

n. stick (big). Lit: 'big heavy stick.'. Usage:

n. wood chips. Lit: 'small chips of wood'. Usage:

n. spruce bark (inner). Usage: T.

jak n. berries. Usage: B.

jak naalyuu n. blueberry. Usage: T.

- k'

k'aii' n. willow. Usage: G.

kheh

210

diloo' n. willows (fresh). Lit: 'fresh willows'. Usage: T.

jilgoo n. willow (fork). Usage: [Note: willow shaped like a Y]

niintsih n. willows. Usage: T. [Note: long patch of willows along a river]

n. horsetail. Usage: G.

n. roots. Usage: G. [Note: making fish nets]

n. red cunent. Usage:

n. wormwood. Usage:

jak zheii n. blueberry. Usage: B.

n. willow (skinny). Lit: 'small skinny willow'. Usage: T.

n. birch bark. Usage:

n. alder. Usage:

n. horsetail. Usage:

L - l

N-n

n. muskeg tea. Usage:

n. dwarfbirch. Lit: 'Ice leaves.'. Usage: T. [Note: Used spruce boughs on the floor of a tent, smells really good. Lasts longer spruce

boughs and willows. Usually grows on the shore of a river and in moist areas]

n. yellow berry I cloud Usage:

natPat n. cranberry. Usage: B. n. moss. Lit: 'moss'. Usage:

n. red cunent. Usage: [Note: High bush cranberry]

0- 0

oodeeghai' n. roots. Usage: T. [Note: taken from a cut banks]

Sh - sh

shih jak n. bird's eye, bearberry. Lit: 'bear benies'. Usage: T. [Note: small red berry similar to red cunents]

T' t'

t'oo n. poplar. Usage: B.

n. spruce bough. Usage: n. branch (spruce). branch'. Usage: T

'large spruce

211

n. grassy stump. sprouting out'. Usage: G.

Tr - tr

treh n. bear root. Usage: G.

n. bear root. Usage: T.

troo n. wood (fire). Usage:

- ts

'grass

n. spruce bark (inner). Usage: G.

ts'eenakal n. raspberry. Usage: B.

ts'iigyim' n. rhubarb. Usage: T.

ts'iigyuq' n. rhubarb. Usage: G.

ts'iiheenjoh n. tamarack. Usage: T.

U-u

V-v

212

n. lichen. Lit: 'lichen'. Usage:

n. seeds. Lit: grows with it'.

n. seeds. Usage: T.

tr'aajaa n. turnip. Lit: 'eating from it quickly'. Usage: G.

troo

troo

n. grassy sprouting out'. Usage:

n. dry wood. Usage:

n. dry wood. Usage:

n. spruce tree. Usage: B.

Lit: 'grass

ts'iivii ch'ok n. juniper. Lit: 'sharp tree'. Usage: T.

n. turnip. quickly'. Usage:

'eating from it

213

7

Cooking Utensils 0 00000®00 0000$$0000000000000@0@0000@00019 00

214

1

the

215

216

n.

B- b

bee sting n. UH.e"-U.:.A

bloody nose n.

bone out of joint n. '"'"""""" "' ........ n

V, H<W'U'-'"'~'

c - c

cavity (tooth) n. diigho' jat.

D-d

dog bite n. ·~u goo'ah;

E- e

eye ailment n.

F - f

fractured bone n. tth'an

n.

broken leg n.

n.

cross eyed n.

n. laii guu'ah.

217

g

gunshot wound n.

H-h

headache n.

heartburn n.

I - i

injured adj.

n.

adj. vigwidiinjik.

K- k

kidney stone n. atr'oo chii.

L - l

limping v. nehchimh hichik;

v. ne'tanah'oh.

- m

mosquito bite n.

n.

n.

N-n

nausea n.

218

nehkaii

hunchback n.

n.

muscle cramp n.

n.

p

n.

R-

rash n.

s - s

scab n.

scar n.

scrape n.

snow blindness n. neezhinh.

sore arm n. diigyin elts'ik;

n. shigyin elts'ik.

sore throat n. shihdaii gwilts'ik;

T - t

tooth ache n. shigho'

- w

wart n. shuh.

n. asrah

n.

n.

spram v.tr.

stomach ache n. shitril eits'ik;

n. shizrak elts'ik.

sty n. shindee khagweedizhah.

swollen n. gwilzha

219

A- a

animal fetus no

animal hair no

animal (small) no nin

animals no

B- b

bat no daatsadh

no daatsoo

bear (black) no

bear (brown) no shih tsoo;

no shoh tsik.

bear cub no shoh giio

bear cub (grizzly) no sheh gii;

no shih gii.

bear (grizzly) no sheh;

no shiho

bear (polar) no chehzhiP;

n. chehzhyee' 0

antler covering no

no

antlers n.

beaver (large) n. chooo

beaver (one year old) no .. ..., ... ...., ...

beaver pelt no tsee

no tse' dhoho

beaver (3 years old) no akwat;

n. nijaa'ilo

bone (back leg) no edrit.

bone (pelvis) no ak'aii

brisket no izhnhchyaa' 0

buffalo no tat

beaver n. bunny n.

no n.

beaver castor no tseelin'o no geh zhnno

beaver colony no kan';

220

n.

caribou calf n. tsoo.

caribou (cow) n.

n.

caribou (cow with no calf) n.

caribou (cow with nursing calf) n.

caribou hide n.

caribou hide (tanned) n.

caribou (large) n.

caribou (large male) n. vadzaih

caribou (lean November bull) n.

D- d

den (grizzly bear) n. an.

distemper n. laii ts 'ik;

dog n. laii;

n.

dog (female) n. laiits'P;

11.

caribou (sedentary) n. vadzaih

caribou (September bull) n . • ~._, ..... ~~

caribou (spring bull) n.

(young bull ) n.

n.

caribou (young female) n.

cat n.

n.

cow n.

dog (husky) n. ineekaii lik;

n. Ineekiiii lik

dog (lead) n. laii chih dhidii;

11. chih

dog (wheel) n. liiii

n.

tsoo.

aatsan.

221

- g

gland (scent) n. atthat.

ground hog (low land) n. ts'ee.

- h

hide (raw) v.

horse n. choo;

L - I

lynx n.

n.

M-m

222

ground hog (mountain) n. vihshadh;

n. vihshum.

ground squirrel (mountain) n. tthaa.

marten n.

marten n. tsuk

n. tsuk

marten (brown) n. tsuk tsoo.

n. tsuk

meat (bear) n.

n. tth~r.

meat (beaver) n. tsee tthai';

n. tse' nilii;

n. tse' tth~f'.

meat (caribou) n.

otter n.

p- p

pig n. lugohshuu;

meat (rabbit) n.

n.

millie n.

monster n.

moose n.

moose (bull) n.

moose (calf) n.

moose (cow) n.

n.

n.

moose (cow with calf) n.

moose hide n.

moose (large bull) n. ezhir choo.

moose (second largest bull) n. diti' dhoo echyaa;

n. ezhir tsal.

moose (young cow) n. khaiideetsik.

moose (2-3 year old bull) n. anichii.

mouse n. daatsadh;

n. daatsoo.

muskrat n.

n.

223

R- r

rabbit n.

n.

rabbit (caught) n.

rabbit (small) n.

reindeer n.

s - s

seal n. needzak.

sheep n. divii.

sheep (ewe) 11. divii tr'ek;

n. divii

sheep (lamb) n. divii gii.

sheep (large ram) 11. shohzhin'.

sheep (medium ram) n. ~~~~~n

T - t

tadpole

trotting

- w

weasel n.

224

n. neeghaii

v. gah'at

puppy n.

n.

n.

shrew 11. dloo uaau,u

squirrel11. dlak.

stomach (caribou & moose) n. iidheeghwat.

stomach contents (caribou & moose) n. itrik.

stomach (inner) n. ichit.

n.

n. 11.

n.

225

A- a

ambitious adj.

anger v.

animosity n.

c- c

careless v.

clever (fast learner) adj. khanh

comforting adj . .............. , .... , .. u

confidence n.

D - d

determined n. gwits'at ihkak.

E - e

encouragmg adj. guuts'at datr'igwehjil'eh.

evil minded n. viyinji' iizuu;

F - f

friendly n.

friendly (plural) n.

- g

gentle adj. ""'"'"'""'"''

adj.

226

anxiety n.

cranky n.

n.

n. viyinji' tr'aanduu.

greedy adj.

adj.

H- h

happier adj.

happy (s/he is) adj.

happy (very) adj.

I i

ignorant adj.

K- k

kind n.

L - l

lazy adj. tr'igoojishinjik.

lively adj. anaadral.

loneliness n. tr'iniizhee;

n.

- m

miserable adj.

adj.

p- p

patient (tolerant) adj. khagwiltshi'

pride adj.

helpful adj.

honest adj.

love n. ch'et'agwiiniidhan.

proud adj. khadak

227

q

~ r

rational n . .,,,,,,....;;,,

regret v. tr.

v.tr.

respectful adj.

s ~ s

sad adj.

sadness n. 1t''"'·u-.,wuu1·

n.

scared adj. naajat.

self centered n. adimh zr~ih kheenjit

niiji'adhat.

self esteem n. nits'oo khaniinji'dadhat.

selfish adj. adats'at niinji'adhat;

adj. khaniinji'dadhat.

shy n. nilii.

silly adj. .,. .. ,"' .. ., ......

startled

228

n. kwaa.

n.

adj.

sympathetic adj. guuveenjit

nehsritr'ij~hch'uh;

adj. vits'at neesritr'ij~hch'uh;

n.

n. vits'id neesridilch'uh.

T ~ t

tense

U-u

unfriendly adj.

worried

adj.

unhappy n.

V . .......... ~ .......

v. sheeniinjigah'eh;

v.

229

- a

American widgeon n. teevee

B- b

beak n.

n.

bird n.

n.

bird (big) n. choo.

c - c

canvasback n. ~ .. , . ., ... , ...

chickadee n. ts'igyak.

chicken n. daih;

n. d~ih.

D- d

dipper n.

duck n.

230

arctic tern n.

n.

bird egg n.

bird nest n.

bird (yellow) n.

crane (sand hill) n.

duck (golden eye) n.

tsoo.

duck (harlequin) n . ......... u

duck (old squaw) n.

E e

n.

eagle (golden) n.

n.

n.

F- f

falcon (gyr) n.

(peregrine) n.

feather (large) n. t'eh

feather (wing) n.

n.

- g

goose n.

grebe (homed) n. tagwaatsik.

grebe (red necked) n. teekai'.

grebe (young) n. teekai' zhqq;

n. teekai'

n.

J - j

Jaeger (parasitic) n.

K-k

feathers (down) n.

n.

n.

flycatcher n.

green winged teal n. daazraii gahkhaa;

grouse (ruffed) n. ahtal.

grouse (spruce) n. daih.

gull (Bonaparte's) n. etr'yum.

gull (mew) n. vyuh.

231

n.

n.

L ~ l

longspur (Lapland) n.

loon (arctic) n.

loon (common) n.

M-m

mallard n.

~ 0

owl (boreal) n . .._,_ .......

owl (great grey) n. nehdoh.

owl (great horned) n. vi'iidzee.

owl (snowy) n. vihsaiivee;

p ~ p

pine grosbeak 11. niht'ee ahshrak;

n.

pintail n. naak'oh jidig~H;

n.

232

loon (red-throated) n.

merganser n. trah.

n. vihs~jivee.

Plover (semipalmated) n. jaa'aii;

ptarmigan (rock) n.

ptarmigan (willow) 11. ""'"~'"""'"'

n. daago~o~

R- r

raven n.

robin n.

ruby-crowned kinglet n.

s - s

sandpiper n.

sandpiper (pectoral) n. '""'-'-"'!"'

sandpiper (spotted) n.

scaup n. nitsihdin;

n. nitsihdyen.

scoter n. deetree'aa.

scoter (white winged) n. njaa.

seagull n. tidigeh;

n. tidhigeh.

shoveller n. dehdrik;

n. t'oovii.

snipe (common) n.

snow bunting n.

snow goose n. gugeh.

T - t

turkey n.

rusty blackbird n.

n.

snowbird (white) n.

sparrow (white crowned) n. khatr'igijiinjiizhee'.

swallow v. shehtsoo.

swallow (bank, tree) n. sheihtsoo vee.

swallow (cliff) v. sheihtsoo.

swallow (tree, bank, cliff) n. chehtsadh neet'aa.

swan n.

n.

233

n.

- w

water thrush n. tshuu wmg n.

whimbrel (Hudsonian curlew) n. woodpecker n. """"'~'""''"

whiskey jack n.

n.

234

A- a

ankle n.

anus (his/her) n.

arm (my) n.

arm (upper) n. ,,. ..... .,." .....

B - b

back (my) n.

back (my lower) n.

bald (head) adj.

n. vichi'

barefoot adj. & adv.

adj.& adv. kaii ehdfmho

beard n. deezhoo' 0

belly (my) n. shitril.

bladder n. lirh dhoo' 0

body n. diizhin.

bone n. tth'ano

c - c

calf n.

cheek (my) n. shanvadh;

n. shanvoho

chin (my) n. shihdi';

n.

armpit (my) n.

artery n.

bow-legged adj.

brain n. diichiighaii;

n. diichiigh~U.

breast n. maa'.

breastbone n. izhuhchaa'.

breastbone (my) n. shizhuh chaa'o

buttocks n.

n. eti'e'o

collarbone n. ichiidir

n. vichiidruu'.

crossed arms n. nihk'at digyin elzhiho

crossed legs n.

235

D d

E - e

ear (outer) n.

n.

n.

eye (my) n.

n.

F - f

face n. diinin'.

finger (my little) n. shinleets'avak.

finger tips (my) n. shinleechi'.

fingernails (my) n. shinleegaiP;

n. shinleeg~U'.

fingers (between my) n. U .. AftU~~ ... ~

fingers (my) n.

flesh (my) n.

- g

gallbladder n.

236

eyeball (my) n.

n.

eyebrows n.

eyelashes n.

n. shitth~i'.

foot bone n. diikai' tth'an.

foot (my) n. shikai'.

foot(sole) n.

n.

foot (top) n.

forehead n. shints'at.

glands (neck) n.

atlok.

hair (body) n.

hair (my) n. "''""''"""''"""

hair (white) n.

n. shitshiighe' dagaii.

hair (white) n. shichi' dagaii.

hand (back) n. shinchaat'yee;

n. shinleet'ii'.

hand (my) n. shinle';

n. shinlF.

J - j

jaw (my) n.

- k

kidneys (my) n.

n.

knee cap (my) n.

head (my) n.

head (top) n . ., ........ u ..

heart (my) n.

heel (my) n . ...... "J!\.<U,un<aa

heel (ofthe foot) n.

n. kahtU

hunchback n. anan z~ji;

n. nim elshuh;

n. nan ghoh.

knee cartilage n. diigwat

knee cartilage (my) n . ........ ""'"'

(my) n.

237

L -

larynx n.

n.

larynx (his/her) n.

leg (your) n.

lips (my) n . ., .......... ,.,

M-m

marrow n.

mouth (his/her) n.

muscle (arm) n. diigyin ch'at.

muscle (arm) n. shigeetthai'.

muscle (back thigh) n. vatthaath~H'.

N-n

naval (my) n. shijath;

n. shijohk'it.

neck n. diik'oh.

neck (my) n. shik'oh.

nipple n. t'ok tshii'.

p - p

palm (my) n. shinti'ee.

penis (child's) n. tsok.

penis (his) n. vidil.

R- r

238

liver (my) n.

lungs (my) n.

n.

muscle (front thigh) n.

muscle (of the calf) n.

n.

muscles n. diich'at.

nose cartilage n. anchU

nose cartilage (my) n. shanchal.

nose (my) n. shintsih.

nostril (my) n. shinjik.

pigeon-toed n.

cage

s - s

scalp (my) n.

scrotum (his) n. ""''T1111 """''

shin bone n.

shoulder blade n. e!,!eecn

shoulder (my) n.

skin (my) n.

T t

teeth (my) n.

testicles n. uu;,;.u'"'

thigh bone n. shidohghwaa'.

throat (my) n. shihdaii';

n. shihd~ij'.

thumb (my) n. shanchoh;

U-u

umbilical cord n.

V-v

vagina n. vatsan.'.

vems n.

n.

(his/her) n.

spinal cord n.

spine (my) n . .., ........ , ..

stomach (inner) n . ...... ._ .... ,

n.

n.

stomach (my) n.

n.

toenail (my) n. "' ... u~'""" .. ,u

toenails n. kaiigaiP.

toes (between) n. akaiigoo.

toes (my) n. shikaiits'at.

tongue (my) n. shichaa'.

uvula n.

n.

239

w w

240

n.

n.

n.

(my) n.

B- b

blister n.

blood n.

blood clot n. dah

boil (skin infection) n.

c- c

cancer n.

n.

cancer (of the colon) n. ts'ik vagoontrii ts'aii ch[haii danh gugwijltaii.

cancer (of the lung) n. ts 'ik vagoontrii diidrihdok zhit.

D- d

diabetes n. soogaii gwits'ik.

E - e

ear wax n. edzii

emphysema n.

F - f

flu n. dluh.

- g

breath n.

n.

n.

cold (illness) adv. koh.

cold sore n.

cough n.

diarrhea n. chigwits'ik.

esophagus damage n. diiyihdaii srehtat gidilii.

excrement n.

241

H~h

~ k

kidney damage n.

L

liver damage n.

~ m

measles n.pl.

menstruation n.

p - p

phlegm

pimple

R ~ r

rash n.

s - s

n. ts'ik

n. koh.

n. khagweedazhaa.

saliva n. srik.

S.A.R.S. n. Ts'ik Vik'iighe' Shu'

scab n.

n.

242

kidney stone n.

menstruation (woman's first) n. tr'iinjoo dhidlit.

milk (breast) n.

n. t'ok

pus n. khaoh;

n. khoh.

scar n. shat.

sty n.

t

tears n. tree

u- u

ulcer n.

V-v

venereal disease n.

dah

n.

urme n.

n.

243

A- a

abattoir n.

B- b

bedroom n.

bridge n.

c c

cabin n. ~~·~ .. .,, ..

cache (cabin) n.

cache (ground) n. tsiik'it.

cache (platform) n. drah.

cache (tree) n.

cafe n. ii'aa zheh.

cellar n. nan

chapel n. tr'igiikhii

chimney n.

church n.

classroom n.

gwitsal.

n. ge'tr'oonahtan

D- d

dance hall n. aadzoo

244

attic n.

n.

n.

closet n. deek'it;

n. gwidal

coffee shop n. ligafii

community hall n. lanatr'aadal

n. tsee'yinh zheh.

comer n. zheh ts'at.

corral n.

courtroom n. atr'oodahkat

cupboard n. k'it;

n.

E e

entrance n. UUnHlli;;;

F - f

- g

garage n.

- h

hospital n.

hotel n.

khal

zheh.

n. tr'iniihaa

house n. zheh.

house (dog) n. laii zheh;

n. il!U zheh.

house (empty) n.

house (rental) n. zheh

I - i

igloo n.

J - j

jail n.

entrance way n.

gymnasmm n.

house (small) n.

house (spruce bark) n.

house (water delivery) n.

kim h.

tr'oonjii

n. tshqq zheh.

245

n.

- k

kitchen n.

L - l

library n.

- 0

office building n.

p - p

police station n. niveht'ah'ii zheh;

n. vidree oonaatsoo

porch n. gwidaii

n. troo

- r

rear (inside of a house or tent) n. gnk'iitl'it.

restaurant n. ii'aa zheh.

s - s

246

living room n.

outhouse n. chitr'U'oo zheh.

post office n. dinehtl'eh neetr'aazhik

n. dinehtll:'eh zheh.

pnson n.

ridge pole n. chigijnn'ee.

roofn.

n.

n. zheh

shelter (lean to) n.

n.

sky scraper n.

smoke hole n.

smoke house n.

snow house n.

T t

teepee pegs n. zheh gwich'ok zhak vah gatr'ahchoh.

teepee poles n. zheh gwich'ok gwidehtin'.

tent n. niivyaa;

n. zheh gwidhoh.

tent (summer) n. aadhzii niivyaa.

tent (winter) n. dazheu

U-u

upstairs n.

- w

wall n.

n.

warehouse n.

n. Ink

stage (for drying n.

stairs n.

store n.

n. dazhoo niivyaa.

tower n. zheh yeet'~U'ee.

wigwam n.

window n.

247

A a

Arctic Red River People n.

B ~ b

Black People n.

c ~ c

Cree people n.

D~d

Dawson People n.

Delta People n. Tat Gwich 'in;

n. Ehdyee Tat Gwich'in.

Dogrib People n. Laii Chik Gwich'in;

F ~ f

Fort Good Hope People n. Chiidaii Zheh Gwich'in.

I ~ i

Inuit (Eastern Arctic) n. Ch'ok Ineekaii.

Inuvialuit (Western Arctic) n.

248

Arctic Village People n.

n. Tamm

n. L~ii Chik Gwich'in.

Fort McPherson People n. Gwich'in.

Inuvik People n. Nihtat Gwich'in.

- l

Loucheux

M-m

Mayo People n.

n.

- 0

n.

n.

Tat

Old Crow People n. Van Tat

s - s

Slavey people n.

Stone Age People n. Ts'iidaii;

Y-y

Yukon Natives n. Dagadh Gwich'in;

n. Dagoo Gwich'in.

Mountain People n.

n.

249

B- b

baby belt (carrier)

bandana n.

n.

bloomers n.

c - c

clothing n.

coat n.

n.

D-d

diaper n. ch'il.

dress v. ik;

v. yik.

F- f

n.

n.

thal

yik.

fur (hood trim) n.

- g

garter n.

250

n.

blouse n.

bunting bag n.

n.

n.

buttonhole n.

collar n.

dress (caribou hide) intr. aadzhii ik;

intr. aadzhii yik.

fur (moccasin trim) n. nadhi'ee.

gloves n. nUee dzhirh;

n.

H- h

n.

n.

hat n.

hat n.

n.

hat (cowboy) n. ts'eh

J - j

Jeans n. datl'oo';

n. tsaih dhoh that

L - l

laces (moccasin) n. kaiitreh tl'yaa';

n. kaiitrih ti'yaa'.

- m

mitts n.

mitts (small size) n.

moccasin (wrap around) n . ..... ,, ......... . nadhi'ee.

N-n

n.

hat (fur) n.

(Stetson) n.

headband n.

n.

hem n.

liners n. ts'adatah;

n. ts'at tah.

moccasins (wrap around) n.

n.

mukluks (leg skin) n. edreedhoh kaiichan.

mukluks (thick skin) n. diditii.

251

gown n.

~ 0

overcoat n.

n.

~ p

panties n. thai

pants n.

pants (caribou fur) n. thai.

pants (caribou hide) n.

pants (rain) n.

n. tshqq

parka n. gwakak ik;

n. iyehdak ik.

~ r

raincoat n.

n.

rubber boots n. tshqq kaiitreh

s ~ s

252

n.

n. too ik.

oxfords n. dachan

parka (caribou n. dazhoo

parka (duffel) n.

parka trimming n. tl'in nigwiniltsi';

n. viti' in nigwiniltsi'.

pocket (on clothing) n. cheet'it.

n. tadh gwidill';

n. too gwich'aa'.

n. tshuu

n.

n.

shoes n.

n.

short dress n.

n.

n.

skirt n.

sleeve support n.

n.

slip n.

T ~ t

tamn. ghoo.

toque n.

U~u

under shirt n. ezhyaa ik.

V~v

vest n.

n.

~ w

waders n.

n.

n. tah.

socks (thick) n.

n. tah

stockings n. tah

suspenders n.

sweater n.

n.

t-shirt n. azhak

ik.

underwear n. gwiyehzhak gwich'aa';

n. gwiyehzhak gwidal';

n. iyehzhak thai.

vestment n . .... a ....

n.

n.

253

B- b

black n.

n.

c c

colors (fall) n.

n.

F - f

faded n.

- g

green adj. jidii datl'oo'.

p - p

pink n. dzih kwim';

n. sruh dzee'.

R r

red n . ... ~ •. ,.,,,.,

n. dich'ik;

n. jidii ch'ik.

- w

white n.

254

blue adj.

brown adj.

grey n. jidii vee.

purple n. tr'ijithitsik.

reddish n. jidii

y

n.

n. tsoo.

255

c ~ c

cooking pot n.

n.

E ~ e

egg beater n.

F ~ f

fork n.

~ k

knife

L ~ I

n. s:rii.

ladle (dipper) n. viz hit tshuu e't:r'iichii.

p ~ p

plate n.

n. ch'ik.

~ :r

roasting n.

256

cup n.

(mug) n.

frying pan n. ban;

n.

knife (blunt) n. s:rii

lid n. didiniintyin;

n. tyah diniintyin.

plate (birch bark) n. k'ii ch'ek;

n. ch'ik.

s - s

sifter n.

soup bowl n.

spoon n.

n.

T t

toaster/grill n.

strainer n.

n.

257

c - c

classroom n.

n.

E - e

educated adj. "'""'" .. u

I -

intelligent adj. gugwij~htl'oo;

L - l

adj. gugwizhe' goonlii;

adj. nidinjik

lesson plan n. ge'tr'oohanahchaa

p - p

Principal n.

s - s

school n.

258

clever (fast learner) adj. khanh

education adj.

intelligent (above average) adj. U'hah

vigwij~htl'oo;

adj. vigwizhi' goonlii.

slow n.

T - t

taught v.

Teacher n.

n.

trained adj.

adj.

adj. o;:,«<<.nH<U'IJ,aU

259

B- b

bill (credit account) n.

c - c

change (money) n. lazhaa coms n.

n.

charge (to take debt) v.

v.

F - f

funding n. tseedhoh diits'an tr'ahtsii.

I - i

inexpensive adj. daatlok. interest n. vink'yuu tseedhoh dhitsii.

L - I

land claim money n. nan tseedhoh. loan (money) n. tseedhoh gadhidiH.

- m

money n. tseedhoh.

- 0

old age pension n.

260

one n.

n. lazhaa

p - p

penntes n.

T - t

tax n.

transfer payment n.

U-u

unemployment check n. gwitr'it kwaa tseedhoh.

- w

welfare check n. neesrij~hch'uu tseedhoo'.

n.

penny n. lazhaa

treaty money n.

261

A- a

ablaze adj. & adv.

arson n.

B- b

burned v.

c - c

coal n. chii

F- f

fire n.

fire extinguisher n. vah kwan' natr'inahtthoo;

n. vah kwan' ne'tr'in~hchuu.

H-h

heat n. gwidhah.

- m

matches n.

s - s

shavings n.

smoke n. lat.

262

ashes n.

ashes (hot) n.

burnt (large area) v.

coals (hot) n.

fireplace n. kwan deek'it.

flint n. vihtr'ih.

fungus (birch) n. ediniichii.

smoke detector n. lat

spark n.

- w

wood (fire) n. troo.

263

A- a

arctic char n.

B- b

bait (hook) n.

n.

boiled fish n. Ink

c - c

club (fish) n.

n.

coney n. srnh.

khaa'.

D-d

dog salmon n. shii.

dry fish n.

F - f

fin (back) n. vanan k'ii

fin (tail) n. Ink tl'e' ghak;

n. tl'i' ghak.

fish n.

fish cutting place n.

fish eggs n.

264

tr'it'ii

crooked back (fish) n.

n. dalts'in.

dry fish (bail) n. nntsik ghaa'.

n.

fish fins n. ghak.

fish gills n. Ink

fish guts n.

n.

n.

fish (round-head Yukon) n.

fish scales n. luk

n.

fish (school of)

fish scoop n.

fish slime n.

n.

H-h

n.

herring n. treeluk.

I - i

zhit

Ice scoop n.

n.

ch'ek;

J - j

jackfish n.

- k

king salmon n. luk

n.

fish (small 3-6") n.

fish spear n.

n.

fish stomach n.

fish trap n.

n.

fish wheel n.

fishing rod n.

fork stick n. jilgo,_o.,

fried fish n. hnk

hook (fish) n. jU

265

L - I

long fish hook string n.

- m

N-n

needle (net backing) n.

net pole (for under ice) n. tan

n. tan

net rope (top) n. eveedheet'aii'.

net rope (top- thick/heavy) n. eveedheet'aii' chih.

s - s

scales n. egy~q';

n. egyu'.

sinkers n.

spear (fish) n.

stick fish n.

266

n.

net rope (top -thin) n.

net string (for under ice) n.

net thread n.

net (willow bark) n. ineech'idh chihvyaa'.

stick (for fish) n.

stick (fork) n. nijah'aa.

stick (hook) n.

stomach (coney) n.

sucker n.

T - t

n.

tackle box n. trout n.

- w

whitefish n. (Mackenzie River) n. chaa

n. luk

n.

267

- a

alcohol n.

apple n. eveedzaa.

B- b

bacon n.

baking powder n. leth tat

n. h)h tat

bannock n.

n. h)hch'uh.

bannock made with roe n. ik'indze';

n. k'indzih.

barley n. tl'ooli'.

berries (boiled) n. jak

berry pudding n. jak tloo.

c - c

cake n.

n. dhandaii.

candy n. dhandaii.

canned goods n. iitsii

carrot n.

n.

268

biscuit n.

boiled fish n. Ink vir.

bone broth n. tth'an tshu'.

bone grease n. tth'an ghai'.

bread n. lethch 'uh

brisket n. izhuhchyaa'.

broth n. shih tshu';

n. shih tshq'.

buns n. lethch'uh dim ghoo.

butter n. aak'ii t'ok ghai'.

coffee n. ligafii.

cookies n. lethch'uh dhandaii;

n. luh dhandaii.

crackers n.

n.

D- d

dough n.

doughnuts n.

E - e

eggs n.

F - f

n.

fat (back strip) n. it'i'.

fat (inner rump) n. iinehk'eh;

n. ik'eetth~W.

fish broth n. luk tshit.

fish eggs n. k'in';

n. luk k'in.

fish guts n. luk ts'ik.

flour n. leth;

- g

grease (clear) n.

- h

honey n. soogaii;

dry fish n.

dry fish (bail) n.

n.

food n. shih.

fried fish n. luk ch'uh.

fruit (dried) n. jak choo gaii;

n. jak choo g~ji;

n. jak gaii.

269

L

n.

marrow n.

marrow Gaw) 11.

meat (bear) n.

11.

nilii';

meat (beaver) n. tsee tthai';

11. tse' nilii;

11. tse' tth~i'-

meat (caribou) n.

meat (dried) n. nilii gaii;

11. nilii

meat (fresh) 11. nilii

11.

270

leftovers n.

11.

meat (moose) n.

11.

meat (muskrat) 11.

11. dzan tthai'.

meat (on the backbone) 11. tthai'.

meat (rabbit) n. geh nilii;

n. geh tthai'.

milk (cow) 11. aak'ii t'ok.

milk (dry) 11. mil g~ii-

milk (powdered) n.

muskeg tea 11.

mutton 11.

masgit.

tthiW.

t'ok

n.

n.

(cooking) n.

p p

pancake (batter) n. tloo.

pancakes n.

n.

peanut butter n.

n. tthoo.

pepper n.

n.

pork n. '""""''""

potato chips n. gwinzhih gaii;

R- r

raisins n. jak gaii tsal.

raspberry n. ts'eenakal.

rhubarb n. ts'iigyim';

n. ts 'iigyu._ U:.

ribs n.

s - s

salt n.

stick fish n. atsah;

n.

n.

n.

n.

nee n. daatsadh trin';

n. daatsoo trin.

rump n. anchi:m'.

sugar n. soogaii;

n. suug~ii·

271

n.

T - t

tallow n. ik'eh

tea n.

w- w

White man food n.

wme n. choo

272

n.

n.

n.

n. k'ii

n. k'ii

B- b

baby bottle n.

baby crib n.

n.

bag n.

band

n.

barrel n. HIJaalEnJ

barrel (water) n. tshqq libaarzii'.

basket (weaved) n. tl'oo tyah.

c- c

candle (homemade) n. khaii juuk'an'.

chair n. vakak tr'oodyee.

clothes pin n. viligwiitl'at tsal.

coffee pot n.

D- d

desk n.

dishpan n.

n.

bathtub n.

n.

blanket n.

blanket (caribou fur) n. aa:lh(IO

n. vadzaih

blanket (down filled) n. cheth

n. chub

blanket (rabbit fur) n.

bottle n.

box n. ligis.

broom n. gm~'jiitan;

n. vah gili'jiitan.

couch n. vakak datr'ijilch'eii.

curtains

n.

n.

n.

273

n.

n.

F - f

fire extinguisher n. n.

n.

flashlight n.

- g

garbage can n. tsijiinch 'ii grub box n.

n. shih ligis.

H-h

hair dryer n. diichiighe' vah natr'idahcheii. hot water bottle n. tshuu dhah dhoh;

honey bucket n. chitr'U'oo tyah. n. dhoh.

Hudson bay blanket n. ts'at dagaii.

I - i

ironing board n. ~~'""M" gichitr'i' ee.

274

L - l

lantern n. khaii

detergent n. daatleh

- m

mattress n.

mirror n.

n.

N- n

nails n. gwitsak.

p - p

padlock n. iitsii ghoo;

n. ghoo.

pail (oil) n.

11. khaii ty~h.

light n.

n.

linoleum n. """'"''"'"""",

lock (combination) n.

mosquito net or bar n.

mosquito spray n.

pail (water) n.

paper towel n.

pillow n.

11.

pillow case n. chub

275

n. n.

n. k'ii

R- r

refrigerator n.

s - s

safety pin n. stove pipe elbow n.

smoke detector n. lat

soap n.

n.

soap (dish washing) n.

n. daatlih.

spike n. gwatsak choo.

stove n. iitsii.

stove (oil) n. iitsii vizhit khaiijuuk'an';

n. khaii juuk'an' iitsii.

stove pipe n. iitsii gwizhah.

T - t

n.

sugar bowl n. soogaii

n. suug~ii ty~h.

table n. vakak ii'aa. toaster (electric) n. iitsii vizhit leth ch'uh

table (small) n. ii'aa

tea towel n.

n.

teapot n.

thermos bottle n. dhah

276

toilet paper n.

n. WvUJUa'-H

towel n. dohsroo;

n. do~hsro . .R

tub (laundry) n.

V~v

~ w

wash basin n.

n.

washing '""''"'""'"'

water filter n.

water pump n.

weigh scale n.

n.

wood box n. troo

wringer (manual) n.

n.

277

A- a

arrow n.

n.

arrow feather n.

n.

arrow (for small game) n. tal.

B- b

bait (trap) n.

bow n.

n.

c- c

club n. khah.

G g

gunn.

gun case n. diik'ee

gun sight (back) n. k'eegoo;

n. diik'ee k'eego,,o..,

H- h

(for a good v.

278

arrow (notch at back end) n.

arrowhead n.

n.

bowstring n. altai'

n.

bullets n. diik'ee chi'.

club (antler) n. edzhi'

gun sight (front) n.

gunstock n.

n. diik'ee kehtU

- k

v.

- m

moose

n.

(home made) n.

moose place n.

p - p

pelt stretcher (beaver) n.

rifle n. choo;

n. ligarben.

s - s

shell bag n. diik'ee chi' dhoh.

shooting (plural) n. ne'gahtal.

shooting (singular) n. ne'ahtat

shot (I) n.

n.

T t

trap n.

n.

loader n.

shot (S/he) n. altah.

shotgun (double barrel) n.

n. diik'ee jilgo,..o ..

shotgun (single barrel) n.

shots (muzzle loader) n.

trap (deadfall) n. khyah;

n. dachan

jilgoo

279

n.

280

- a

ant n.

B- b

been.

bee hive n. u••~-vu•~n

beetle (water) n.

c- c

caterpillar n. gyuu zhoo;

n. gyqq zhoo zrqU.

cobweb n. gudeedrii chihvyaa'.

D - d

dragonfly n.

n.

F - f

fleas (animal) n.

blue fly n.

n.

butterfly n.

n.

fleas (snow) n.

n.

281

g

n.

H- h

hornet n.

n.

L - I

n.

n. zhi'.

M-m

maggots n. ts'oh.

mosquito n.

s - s

sand fly n. adajal.

spider n. gudeedrii.

T - t

termite n.

282

horsefly (bulldog) n.

n.

moth n. nanuht'ee vee tsal.

moth (larva) n. gwiik'ah.

spider web n. gudeedrii chihvyaa';

n. gudeedrii da'ootl:'ii.

n. n.

worm n.

283

B- b

bracelet n.

E - e

earnngs n.

n.

H- h

hair pin n. diichiighe'

N-n

necklace n. k'oh nidiniizhii;

n. naag~U k'oh nidinaazhii.

R- r

nng n.

n. uu.._ ..... u.

284

broach v.

A- a

adopted child n.

adopted family n. tr'iinin

B- b

brother (older) n.

brother (younger) n. shitshyaa.

brother (youngest) n. tshyaa nu•~•u•"

c- c

cousin (my) n. shachaa;

n. sheejii;

n. shijam;

n.

D- d

daughter (my) n.

n. shiyeets'F.

daughter (my eldest) n. shichP

n.

aunt (my) n.

n.

n.

brother-in-lawn.

n. shaa;

n. shaghaii.

cousms n. shidaazhii.

daughter (my youngest) n.

n. shiyeets'i' khaints'an'.

daughter-in-law (my) n.

n.

285

F f

father n.

father (my) n.

n.

n.

friend (best) n.

- g

girlfriend (my) n. sha'oodee.

godchild n. gii tr'aa'ii;

n. gii yaa 'ih.

godchild (my) n. shintl'ee tshuu vits'an tr'altsaih;

n. shintl'ee tshqq tr'alts~U-

godparents n.

godson (my) n.

286

friend (my) n.

n.

n.

grandchild n. shicheii.

grandchild (my) n. shichii.

grandfather n. jijii;

n. shitsii.

grandmother n. jijuu;

n. shitsuu;

n.

groomsman n.

H-

I

n.

M-m

mother n. mother-in-law (my) n.

n. na'aa; n. shootr'P.

n. na'ql:}.

mother (my) n. shahfmh.

N-n

nephew (my) n. shao; niece (my) n. shao;

n. n.

n. n.

n. shun.

R- r

relatives n. uu .. n•~~·~ .... relatives (my) n.

287

s

n. "HICICIU

sister (younger) n.

n.

n.

sister-in-law (my) n. ""'">'>'·'"""

n.

n.

son (my youngest) n.

n.

U~u

uncle (my) n. shitii;

n. shoo'ii;

n. shuu'ii.

~ w

wife (my) n.

n.

n.

~ y

youngest n. khaiints'an'.

288

stepbrother (my eldest) n.

stepbrother (my older) n.

stepfather (my) n.

stepsister (my) n.

stepsister (my youngest) n.

stepsister (younger) n. shijm.11

wives (their) n. gootr'iinjoo'.

B b

back channel n.

beaver dam n. tsee

n.

c - c

channel (river) n.

circumpolar adj. tthak.

creek n. teetshik.

clay n. leth vee t'at

n. vee t'at.

D-d

dirt n.

E - e

earth n. nan;

n.mm

burnt (large area) v.

creek (head of) n.

creek (mountain) n. khah

creek water n.

kak

downstream adv.

adv.

289

n.

n. ok.

F - f

flint n.

flood n.

flooded n.

v. natanihaih.

foam (on water) n. dagoghoh.

G- g

gold

gravel

ground

H-h

hill n.

n. chii daatl:'adh;

n. chii daatl'oo.

n.

n.mm.

hill (bald) n.

290

n.

n.

forks of river n . ... """"'"·

fossil n. chii kak nin k'it

frozen over n. mcJe~t~oa

frozen river n. han tadeedatfmh.

ground (hard) n. nan taP.

ground (soft) n. nan tlok.

ground (wet) n. nan trah.

groundwater n. nan tshu'.

hill (low treeless) n. gwizriighoh;

n.

(on side of) n.

hill side n.

I - i

island n.

L - I

n.

lake n. van.

lake (dry) n.

lake (edge of) n. van

n. van vee.

lake (large) n. van choo.

lake (small) n. van

land n. nan.

land (barren) n. guzrii.

land (clear location) n. guugak;

n. gwqhsri';

M-m

marsh n.

moss n.

mountain n.

mountain (foot of) n.

n. ddhah

n.

n.

n. goo'aii;

n.

n. gwizrl.' goo'aii.

land (large flat area) n. gwichyah;

n. gwichyah kak.

land (snowless patch) n. eedlat.

lone mountain n. ddhah thok dha'aii.

mountain ridge n. ddhah

n. geek'ii.

mountain (treeless) n. ghoo.

291

n.

n.

- 0

n. han

ocean n. tshuu

n.

ochre n.

P-p

path n. gwihdaltaih;

n. taii;

n. t~U;

n.

permafrost n. nan

pmgo n. mm ghoo;

n. nan ghoo auu•~·~

forest n. tat

292

n. slide n.

n.

point n. geendii;

n.

n. thidyee.

point (long) n.

pond n. te'jiltin.

portage n.

puddle n.

puddles n. tajimdlii.

n.

nagwidinuhdii.

n.

n.

n.

n.

n. han.

river (around a bend) n. han""'"""'"'""

bank n.

n. river bank (steep)

river (shallow) n.

river (skinny) n. han

s - s

salt (mineral) n. dohghwfli'.

sand n. sheih.

sandbar n. leth t'ir';

n. luh

shore n. teeghee;

n. teevee.

shortcut n.

slime n.

n.

gwichoo.

n.

road n.

n.

rock n.

(small) n.

rock (strange looking) n.

sound (of water running) n. tshuu zhaa'.

spring (water) n. khatanahaii.

stone n. chii.

stream n. khat~Hiaii.

stream (down) n.

sulphur n. gwinahkhoo.

swampy place n.

293

T - t

tent place n.

stand n.

n.

trail n.

v- v

valley n.

w- w

water n. tshuu;

n. tshqq.

water (calm) n. jimghU

water (clear) n. tshuu drinh';

n. tshqq

water (cold) n. tshuu

water (deep) n. te'j~hshit.

water (drained) n.

water (dripping) n.

294

n.

n.

tunnel n. nan

n. tshqq daa'il.

water (dropping) n. tachuhjilh.

water (fresh) n. tshuu ch'ih.

water (high) n. nataniidih.

water (in the late spring season) n. d:tU

water is rising v.

water (muddy) n. tshuu vee;

n. vee.

water (open) n.

water v.

water

water (smelly) n.

water stopped n. tshuu

water (swift) n.

n.

water (under) n.

n.

water (warm) n. tshuu

n. tshuu niigwan'.

watercourse along base of mountain n. teek'it.

11.

n.

waves n.

n.

n.

waves (big) n. tit

n. choo.

waves (small) n. tit tsaR; n. tit vii.

whitecaps n. tyit gho'.

295

A- a

abduction n.

abscond v. intr.

v.intr.

abuse n.

abused v. tr.

accede (to give permission) t'iiniidhan.

v.intr.

access agreement

gwiltsaii.

accessory adj. tehk'oo t'idi'in yits'at tr'iinjii.

accessory (after the fact) adj. vat'agwji'ee

guuzhik yits'at tr'iinjii.

acquittal n. vinatr'idiinjik tr'igwiltsaii.

acquitted v. vinatr'idiinjik.

act n. gogwinii'ee dinithatl'oo.

address the jury n. nat

adjournment n. ndoo gwiniindhat.

296

adoption (child) n. tr'iinin

adult court n.

adversely affected gwik'iighe' •••. ~ .... ,

affidavit n. gwinah'in

affidavit of service n.

alias adv.

allegation n. akoo deedi'in giiyahnuh.

alternative measures n. ejuk ts'aii veenjit natr'igwitahtsaa.

amending formula n. dagwidU'e' ejuk

natr'agwahtsii.

arson n.

assault n. yits'at

assault causing bodily harm n.

attempted murder n. tahtsaa guk'agwandaih.

B - b

n.

bar n.

kat.

c - c

change of venue v. atr'oodahkat ejee tr' igwinii' aii.

kat

circumstantial evidence adj. jidii tajimdhat ihlee tr'igwinah 'in kwaa.

commit for trial v. atr'oodahkat gwizhit hiindyaa.

competent n. viyinji' ch'ijim'ee.

confession n. khatr'igwaandak.

court n.

courtroom n. atr'oodahkat

D-d

detention n.

warrant n. atr'oodahkat

bill n.

certificate n.

cnme n. tehk'oo gwiltsaii.

criminal record (youth) n. k'eejit tehk'oo t'idi'in gwi'dinehtl'ee'.

crown rights n. nan vidatr'igwijilcheih kwaa.

crown's election v. atr'oodahkat eenjit tatr'igwahaandal.

customary marriage n. oonoo nits'oo

detention order n.

297

v.

v.

E - e

F f

foreman of n.

forgery n.

fraud n.

H- h

hearing (judicial) n.

I - i

identified (themselves) v. adik'igagooniltinh'.

impaired ar.ij. idinii.

imprisonment n. gwaazraii dhidii.

in camera n. nagwinaa'ii ts'at geenjit tr'igwaandak kwah.

J - j

jail n.

298

n.

expert witness n.

free on n.

homicide n. eltsaii.

incarcerate v.tr. tr'oot~m'.

insane adj. vigwindaii kwaa.

intent n. akoo dahiisha'ah nihthfmh.

interdict list n. iheedinjyaa kwaa eenjit voozri' dinehtl'eh kak

11.

- k

kidnapping v. tr.

L - l

lawn.

M-m

N-n

native custom n. dinjii zhuh k'yuu t:r'igwindaii.

0 - 0

offender n. tehk'oo t'idi'in.

p - p

preliminary hearing n.

previous record n. gwidinehtl' ee.

R -

restitution n.

pnson n.

probation n.

299

s - s

stalking v.

T - t

treaty n. Iagwiinaadhan.

U-u

unfit to stand trial adj. atr'oodahkat niheehaa gadh~mh kwah.

V-v

verbatim adv. & acij. tthak kit

te'gUkhii.

Y-y

youth n. nat.

A- a

300

subpoena n.

summons n.

n. diitr'it'ii

ailment n.

ambulatory adj.

B- b

bandage (cloth) n. tr'ahchoh.

band aid n. diigwidiinjik

n. gugwijiinjii

blindness n. mlee

blister n.

c- c

cancer n. ts'ik vagoontree;

n. ts'ik vagoontrii.

cancer (ofthe colon) n. ts'ik vagoontrii shih

ts'aii chjihaii danh gugwijU'aii.

cancer (of the lung) n.

cavity (tooth) n. diigho'

D-d

deaf n.

anesthetic n.

arthritis n.

n.

n.

blood n. dah

boil (skin infection) n.

bone out of joint v.

bruise n. unnun.

cold (illness) adv. koh.

coma n. vah an gwitha'aii.

congenital adj. vah vigoonlii.

consciousness n. gahneedinjik;

n. nagwaacheii.

cough n.

cough syrup n.

n.

301

n.

disability n.

disability (full) n.

disease n.

distemper n.

n.

E - e

ear ache n.

n. diidzii hasrah ii'ee.

emphysema n. edrihdok ts'ik.

F - f

face lift v. ejuk natr'altsaii.

fever n. ts'ik niidhaa.

flu n.

G- g

gall stone n. diitl'oo

- h

302

n.

n.

down's syndrome n.

eno n.

esophagus damage n. gidilii.

eye ailment n. ndeh

fractured bone n.

n.

srehtat

n.

v.

healing n. adj.

hearing n.

n.

heart attack n.

n.

heart damage v.

I - i

illness (extreme) n. ts 'ik

infection n. tagwidiindhat.

K-k

kidney damage n. diitr'oo srehtat gidilii.

kidney dialysis machine n. iitsii diitr'oo ts'at tr'iinjii.

L - l

life support machine n.

- m

Mad Cow Disease n. Elts'ik Vine'haakak.

measles n.pl.

medicine n.

n.

n. elts'ik

n. ~man

n.

n.

injured adj. gugwidiinjik;

adj. vigwidiinjik.

kidney stone n. atr'oo zhit

medicine (spiritual) n.

miscarriage n.

muscle cramp n.

303

n.

N n

nausea n.

needle (medical) n. tthah tsal

p ~ p

pam n.

n.

n. hashrah H'ee.

pain (chest) n. diideeghan asrah ifee;

- r

rash n. diilka 'uujil.

recovery room n. elts'ilk srinadhinjii

s - s

S.A.R.S. n. Ts'ik Vik'iighe' Shu'

seizure n. diiyah

n.

n.

304

adj.

Nurse n. Elts'ik

n.

n. hasrah

patient adj. eltsilk dhidyee.

Pediatrician n. Tr'iinin Ts'fd Tr'iinjoo Srinalii.

physical healing n. diizhin natr'idizhih.

pus n. khaoh;

n. khoh.

rheumatism n. dluh ts'ik.

semi-ambulatory n. vits'at nahadilk.

senility n.

shock n. chUghoh.

sickness n.

k'iighe'

n.

sore arm n.

n.

special needs n.

speech impairment n.

spina bifida n.

sprain v. tr.

spruce gum Guice) 11.

n.

stomach ache n.

11.

stomach damage 11.

T - t

thermometer (body) 11. ts'ik niidhaa vah

tongue depressor 11. dachan dril tr'igwinah 'in.

tooth ache 11. shigho' elts'ik.

u- u

ulcer 11. diivat zhit

v v

venereal disease n.

vertigo 11. gwinghah.

- w

wart n. shiilh.

n.

suffer v.

surgery 11.

11.

surgery (future tense) n.

(past tense) n.

surgery (present tense) n.

swollen n.

tooth filling 11. diigho'

trembling adj. daatrat.

nagwahtsii.

tuberculosis n. edrihdok ts'ik.

unconsciOus 11. an gwitha'aih.

vicks 11.

vomiting v.

wheeze v. i11tr.

305

abbreviate v.

abnormal adj.

adj.

abyss n.

accident n.

accordion n.

accustomed adj. gugwaa 'e'.

active adj.

v.

activttles n.pl . ............ .,, ... .. t'agwaa'ih.

admired v. tr. ve'tr'i'in.

afterward adv. aii tl'ee.

agency n. nihli'ejuk gwitr'it t'igw~h'in kat.

ahead of me adv. shehndoo.

alcohol n. kwantshu'.

alcohol in blood n. diidaa tat t'injik.

alcoholic n.adj. eenjit

alcoholic (chronic) n. gwindaih.

along prep. gwinjik.

along (the side) adv.

among n.

306

n.

n.

applaud

applauding v.

application n. nihli'ejuk

approaching v. ah'al.

archaeology n. yeenoo dai' gwidal bah dha'aii.

area (surrounding) n. diinagwijHzhih.

arguing v. ats'at t'ivitr'ahnuh.

arguing n. nihkhah ginjih gidahtrak;

v. ats'at t'inihligaadinuu.

as if n. gwilaii chan.

attention n.

n. gwiinzii oodhilch' eii.

B b

backslide v. intr.

bailing (water out) n.

ball n. u~···~~···

because v.

before conj.

beginning n.

n. gikah

n.

behalf (on his/her) n.

behalf (on my) n.

believer n.

bells n. iitsiilaii;

n. iitsiil~U.

belongings n. gwidid'.

bend over v.

bent n. navaghwan.

beseech v. tr.

birthday n.

biting adj.

bitter (taste) adj.

blocked adj.

blowing (I am) v.

boiling (point before) v.

boom (log) n.

braided adj.

brass n. If"'""' .....

break apart v. khadinyahshih.

breathing n. dizhak.

bridge n. nagwiidii.

brightness n. agw~hdit;

n. ch'~hdit;

n.

burst v.

busy n. ~u.,A .. ~

307

c- c

calendar n. sree

n.

cane (walking) n.

n.

captive n.

cardboard n.

cardboard box n. dinehtl'eh tyah.

care n. yik'imahtii.

carelessly adj. gugwiilii ts'at.

carnal adj. gwatthai' khaniinji'tr'adhat.

catastrophe n. gwiizuu t'igwidizhik.

caught (in the wind) v. guuniltr'aih.

ceremony (marriage) n. nihkhatr'igw~hchii geenjit tr'igijiinjii.

changed (suddenly) v. ijeegwijaanaii.

choosing (people) v.

chopping v. tr. gwihchah.

Christmas concert n. tr'ahtsih;

n.

308

tsii'inh

V.

clasp n.

clean (immaculate) adj. jidii

clear (transparent) adj.

closed adj.

adj.

coffin n. dachan

n. dachan

collapsed n. uu'an t'ahjilnaih.

collecting v. chanh gideelih.

community n. kaiik'it.

community (my) n. shakaiik'it.

completed adj. gwichiilagoo'aii.

consequences n.

conserve n. tthak guk'aniltii.

continue v. ndoo tr'igwihee'aa.

copper n.

n.

n.

crawled n.

crawling v.

D~d

danger n. gaogoonuu.

dangerous adj. vaoguunuu.

decorated v. gugwinuutl'ii.

decorating v. tr'igwintl'uu.

deliberately adv. s:rigoondaii'.

den n. an.

depend v. nit'aiinjidilch'uh.

development n.

devil n.

n.

difficult adj. gogoontrii.

dig v . ........ , •••

digging v. khagyit.

dirty adj.

disrespected adj.

n. n.ihk'ii

crumble n.

distance (long) n. li~hte'diniinzhit.

dive v. chin.iizhih.

divide v. nihtat tr'oon.jik.

doubt n. gwik'iin.jizhit kwah.

draft n. gihdaniin.tr'aii.

draft (document) n. tr'oochit gwidinithitl'oo.

dream n. gan.aiin.lyah.

dreamt v. gan.at:r'iin.lyaa.

dressed (quickly) v. n.eetPuu

dripping v.

drop n . ....... u" .. ""·

drowned v. chit:r'iin.jil;

v. tagin.thin.ii;

v. ~~., .. ~., ........

drowning v . ._ .. ,, 15 .. , .. .,,.J

309

n.

E - e

each adj. at'aonaanch'uu.

easy adj. vi'gwidhan.

efficient adj. gadhan.

either side v. agwink'oh.

Elections Canada n. Uuzri' tr'oonjii gwitr'it t'agwah'in nat.

electricity n. vik'iighe' aadrii.

encouragmg adj. guuts'at datr'igwehjil'eh.

enroll v.

entering v.

exercise n. natr'ideedindee.

F - f

facial expression v.

faded 11.

310

n. ede'ee.

expecting v. gasroolih.

expert adj. lo .. o .. hah digwitr'it ahdandaii.

explanation n. gahgwidandaii kwaa geenjit diiyah tr'igllkhii.

exploring v. gik'itr'ihaandal guk'atr'igwindaii gttttkatr'intih.

eyeglasses n. ndee tr'ilzhii;

n. ndeh

eyes (closed tight) 11.

eyesore n.

fell (I) v.

v.

v.

V.

fell (they) v.

fighting v.

finally v.

fire works n.

n. zhuh

folded v.

frowning n.

frozen v.

- g

game (ring and pin) n. itsuhtwal.

gathering v. chanh gideelih.

generation n. nihzhuunadijii.

geomorphology n. nan ts'at dha'aii.

get over v. gehk'oo tr'oojah.

ghost n. ank'Yttl.!L

g1ve v.

v.

give (food) v.

give (something to drink) v. gwintl'allkaih.

- h

hair n.

adj. enidhihdih.

(they are) adj.

further back v.

future adj.

adj.

adj.

goal n. gwits'at gijiint'aih.

gobble v. alk'oh.

good day (greeting) n. drin gwiinzih.

Government of Canada Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development n. Canada gwizhit iisrits'at Chit kat ts'at dinjii zhuh eenjit gwitr'it t'agw~h'in kat.

grabbed v.

grave n.

gneve v.

half way adv.

311

n.

v.

happy ( s/he became) adj.

happy ( s/he was made) adj.

hardship n.

hear v.

n.

(oneself back) v.

hole n.

hole (in an object) n.

hell n. hook (gaff) n.

n.

helpful adj.

n.

helping v.

hereditary adj.

heritage n.

hiccup v. vihdaii aatth 'ak.

history (recent) n. nyahgwan gwinoo;

n. tr'oodai';

I - i

1gnonng v.

v.

v.tr.

312

n. yeenoo daj'.

how about .adv.

hunch v. endii.

hung v. dayilchuh.

hurry (they are) v. khagwiltshi'.

hurry up v. khadhaanchP.

v. tr. '""'"'""'

imagination n.

1magmmg n. ch'ii'an niinji'adhat;

n. zhuu ii'an

immediately adv.

adv.

immortal adj.

adj.

n.

intelligent adj.

intelligent (above average) adj.

J ~ j

joined v.

JOY n.

n.

K ~ k

kneading v. tr.

L ~ I

land marker n.

language n. ginjih.

language (ancient) n. ts'iidaii ginjik.

last adj.

UHoJJUWUL1VH n. UUUUUU,

n. tth'an

jumped v.

V.

junk n.

know v.

laughing n . ............. :;.:;.:;.uu.uau

v. nihkhah ch'ageedlah.

lazy adj. tr'igoojishinjik.

leaning n.

leave V. 'U'UllUUJUHH

left side n.

313

licking n.

lifeless adj.

v.

listening (I

n.

n.

locked adj.

M-m

magic n.

making eyes n. diiyqqkat cllnmk'al.

mandolin n. ditsik gyin'.

many n. gwiinleii.

massage n. diikak gatr'andaii.

maybe adv.

meanwhile v.

metn.

middle n. ek'ideetak.

mistaken. chihdagwinidhisha'aih;

n. chihdagwinitha'aih.

N-n

naggmg n.

n.

314

long

look v.

lopsided n.

lower n.

lumpy adj.

lye n.

lying v. intr.

moaning (in pain) v.

v.

moldy v. ahlal.

more adj. g~~foo;

adj. gwiyee'oo.

mosquito spray n.

move v.

moving slowly v.

agoondaii'.

moving to another place v. nagichithindih.

never adv.

nevertheless adv.

n.

n.

nmsy adj.

adj.

~ 0

occupy (one's self) v. tr . .. "" .... ,,;:;:;

n.

organ n. dachan

p ~ p

packsack n.

n. nhtshqh.

panting n. agahthal.

paper n. dinehtl'eh.

paper bag n. dinehtl'eh nhtshuh;

n. dinehtl'eh

park (place) n.

n . .............. ..

participate v. intr.

peaceful n. tsinehdimh.

pearl n. naagaii daatl'oo.

physical abuse n. khainjP

picture n.

now

adv.

over adv.

adv.

n.

piercing (of the mouth) adj. deegyim'.

piling v. anligiidineelah.

pistol n. nalat diik'ee';

n. diik'ee.

pit (storage) n. mm tseek'it.

pits (storage) n. nan

place n. dehk'it.

plan n. gisrii

planning n.

plastic n.

playing v. zhim gwilii

plentiful n. gwijiinzrih.

plenty n.

pmson n.

poor (future tense) adj.

(I adj.

315

poor (singular) adj.

prepared v.

problem n.

R-r

rabbit (caught) n.

rags n. gwich' a a';

n. gwitlik.

realize v.tr. gik'yaanjik.

receive v. tl'agwidaadhat.

rectangle n. legis

remember v. gananyaandaih;

remove

316

n.

pull v.

pulled v.

pulling v.

v.

n.

repeat (I will) v.

resolve n. sriineetr'igwihee'aa.

respected adj. yiinjit tr'igwichil'eh;

n. yiinjigwichil'ee.

responsibilities n. jidii guk'andehanahtyah.

rest v. nagwaazhii.

ridicule n. agijiijaa.

right n.

adj.

n.

rough

ruined n. ~"'"''"''r~

s s

same (amount) n.

scary acij. ~ ......... , ..

scolding n.

v. qqkaginjih

scraping n. gwihthoh;

n. tr'adhoh;

n. tr'igwidhoh.

screaming adv. naiidazral;

adv.

adv.

secret n.

n. natr'igwim\.h'ii.

separately n. thok

sewage n.

shabby v.

shadow n.

n.

v.

share n.

sharp n.

shortcut n.

shouting v.

shriveled up n.

shrunk n. navadoh jaanaih.

sidewalk n. vakak gwiidii.

similar adj. ligwidich'm.1.

sin n. tr'igwaanduu;

n. tr'igwaandyidh.

sinning v. intr. tr'igwaanduu t'i.gwidi'in.

sip v.tr.& intr. iisroh.

siren n.

slanted n. drat

slipped v.

v.

smashed adj.

eenjit

317

n.

snare n.

snare (jump) n.

sneaking v.

sneaky adj.

sneezed (I) n.

sneezed ( s/he) n.

sneezing v.

sneezing ( s/he) n.

snoring v. ahkhok;

v. jahkhok.

social drinking n. gwHntl'oh etr'idinii kwaa.

solvents n. jidii iizuu vah nji'tr'ahdizhak.

some n. gwik'iiyee'it.

sometimes adv. geetak;

adv. tr'iits'at gwa'an.

song (prophetic) n. shan elik.

songs (drum) n. elik.

sound (ofbells) n. zhaa'.

318

v.

n.

n.

v.

speaking v. j;;,UUUU<AU••

speaking (in anger) n.

speaks (loudly) v. khaginjih

spoke v. khagwilndak.

spoke (wisely) n. dagwindaii hah gUhe'.

square n. gwik'it te'tr'ijuutyin;

n. visrijithik'aii;

n. zheh ts'at daan.

squinting v. ilzeh.

staggering v. goone'haakak;

v.

v.

v. vine'haakak.

stand offv. vehkhee ts'at nihdatr'['oh.

standing v.

v.

v.

stay (behind) v.

stayed (behind) v.

stealing v.

v.

steam kettle) n. teedhah

n. teezrah.

stepped in n. ........ '" ... "

stiff adj.

stomp v.

stood up v. nidhikhyin.

stooping v. khanimh gil'eh.

straight adj. ch'igwijuu'ee.

straight up adj. ch'ijithati\i'.

strange adj. tsin gwaa'ih.;

adj. tsinj~hch'uh.

strap (snowshoe) n.

stretch it v.

stretched v.

v.

v.

stumbling v.

suddenly adv.

suffering n. nu'"'"'".D

v.

suffocate v . ., ... o.._,. .....

suicide n. adahdidhaaghah.

surrounding adj. gwanagoo'ee;

adj. gwinagoodii;

adj. gwinagoo'ee.

surrounding area v. kaiik'it gwinagwijilzhii.

swallowed v. chidhaantleh.

swearing v. gwiizuu g!ikhih;

swmg n.

v. V.

swinging n. tl'yaa'aaval.

swinging place n.

319

tempting adj.

thank you n.

thank you very n.

thermometer (weather) n.

thinking adj.

threatening n . .... , ...... ,, ..

tied v.

tied up v.

tied (up high) v.

tin can n. iitsii

choo.

tipped (boat) v.tr. nadinuughoo.

tippy n. nadadighoh.

too late adv. at'at ndoo gwichuudhat.

U-u

understand v. gadagwijilcheii.

undo v. nihts'at tr'iyiilih.

unexpected adj. yasrmdih kwah.

V-v

vacant adj.

- w

wait v. khanuuhadal'ah;

v.

waiting v.

v.

320

v.

trotting v.

trust n.

trying adj.

turn n.

turned n.

n.

adj. daatrat.

twinkling n.

twist v.

twisted adj.

n.

twisting v. naiyidoo.

untie v.tr. dinii'at.

useless adj. ginilih

VlSIOnS n.

v.

waiting (for news) v.

walked n. uuJuL•,un.

walking n.

n.

n.

n. ~., ... .., ..... ""

warning v.

watch v.

watching adj.

v. chi'nii'in';

n.

v. khanyuukhwindeh;

v. natr'oovaa'in.

watching & waiting y. khatr'oodaa'in.

water (hot) n. tshuu dhah.

water (warm) n. tshqq gwan'.

- y

yawning v.

A- a

avalanche (past tense) n.

B-b

n.

weapon n.

weight loss n.

went away v. """""""''~

wetn.

whipping n.

winner n.

wisdom n.

w1se n.

wish n. ~ua .. nHRJIRU.OLRJ!U,

n.

with men.

wonv.

v. guuvaha'aanzhih;

v. kha'aanzhih.

world n. nimh kak tthak.

worthless adj. ginilih kwaa.

wrapped v. vinaodeedinjik.

wrong doings n. tehk'oo t'idi'inh.

v.

321

D- d

adj.

dawn n.

n.

daylight n. drin

E - e

eclipse n. sree

F - f

foggy adj. ne'gw~h'eh.

n.

freezing up adj. tadidichih.

H-h

horizon n.

L - l

lightening v. nehtan kwfm.

- m

adj.

322

n.

dew n.

n.

frost n. sroo.

frozen n. tadeeditanh.

little dipper (constellation) n. yuhdii

n.

n.

n.

n.

n.

meteor n.

mirage n. >e:un"'"""

n.

moon n. tadh oozree;

n. too

N-n

night n.

n. too.

- r

rainbow n. gudeedrii chihvyaa';

n. gudeedrii da'ootl'ii.

s - s

snowflakes n. zhoh chat.

snow slide n. zhoh njik.

sound (of water running) n. tshuu zhaa'.

steam (from ice) n. zraa'.

steam (from open water) n. '""'"'~ .. u

sun (ring around) n. sree

sun (rising higher) n. dakdhat srii

sunny day n. sriinii'aih.

SUilllSe n.

n.

moon n. sree

n. too

moonlight n.

n.

slide n.

sunset n.

n.

sunshine n. sree nii' ~ii;

n.

323

T ~ t

thawing

w ~ w

n.

water (drained)

water (dropping)

water (high) n.

water is rising v.

water (muddy)

n.

n.

n. vee;

n. vee.

water (receding) v. tshuu zhak t'idi'in.

water (smelly) n. tshuu nididzin.

water stopped n. tshuu natajiinaih.

water (swift) n. tshuu niint'aii;

324

thunder

n.

waterfall n.

n.

n.

waves n. teetl'yaa;

n. tit.

wind (whirl) n. ahtr'aih vii;

n. ahtr'eii

E - e

eight n.

n.

eighteen n.

11. nihk'ii

F - f

fifteen 11. ihlak ts'at ihloo

n. ihlogwijuutyin ts'at ihloo gwinle'.

fifty n. ihladh gwinle' juutyin;

n. ihloogwinli' juutyin.

five n. ihladh gwinle';

11. ihloogwinli'.

four 11.

N- n

nme 11. vanchadh nak'aoh zhak dhltyin;

n. vanchoh dhityin.

nineteen n. ihlak juutyin zhak

eighty n.

n. nihk'ii

eleven n.

n. ihlak.

fourteen n. ihlak daankat;

11. ihlogwijuutyin ts'at d~~·

forty n. d~~kat juutyin;

11. daankat

11. ihlogwijuutyin ts'fat vanchadh zhak dhityin.

ninety n. vanchadh zhak

325

one n.

one hundred n. ihll:ak

seven n.

n.

seventeen n. neekaii;

neek~ii·

n. ihlogwijuutyin ts'at ets'ideech'ii

T - t

ten n. ihlak juutyin;

n.

thirteen n. ihlak ts'at

n. ihlogwijuutyin ts'at

thirty n. tik juutyin;

n.

326

seventy n.

n.

SlX n.

n. nihk'ii

sixteen n. ts'at nihk'ii

n. ihlogwijuutyin ts'ilt nihk'ii tyek.

sixty n. nihk'ii tik jmdyin;

n. nihk'ii tyek juutyin.

three n.

n.

twelve n.

n.

twenty n.

two

327

A- a

Alderman n.

Anglican Minister n.

B - b

Babysitter n. Tr'iinin

c - c

Captain of the boat n. Tr'ih Tl'e' Ak'~hdak;

n.

Cardinal n.

Caregiver n.

Carpenter n. Dachan

Catholic Brother n.

Chief n.

D d

328

Assistant n.

Attorney General n.

Bishop

n.

n. Dinjii Khehkai'.

Chief Hunter n. Nidhizree Chit.

Conservation Officer n. Nan K'andehginahtyeh;

n. Nan K'andehnahtii kat.

Cook v.

Councilor n. Gijkhii.

n.

Doctor n.

n.

E - e

F- f

Fireman n. Ne'nahtshuu Gwidinji'.

- g

Governor General n. Gwiyah'at Choo Chit Vits'anuu Choo.

- h

Hair Dresser n. Chiighe'

I - i

Inspector n. Gwitr'it T'agwah'in Guk' andehnahtii.

- m

Mail Carrier, Postman n.

n.

Eye Doctor n.

n.

Healer n. Srinalii.

Medicine Man n.

329

n. n.

Missionary adj.

N- n

Nun n. Nurse n.

p - p

Pediatrician n. Power Plant Operator n.

Policeman n. n.

Policeman n. Premier n.

n. Priest n. Yahtyee.

Pope n. Prime Minister n. Iisrits'at Chit.

n. Yahtii Iisrits'at Chit. Principal n. Ga'mmahtan Chit.

Q-q

Queen n. Gwiyah'at Choo Chit.

R- r

s - s

Security n. Guk'andehnahtii

Servant n. Ak'aiindak. Spokesperson n.

Shoemaker n.

Soldier n. Store Manager n.

n.

330

n.

n.

T - t

Teacher n.

n. n. Khal

n. Iitsii Khal

- w

Watchman n. Kha'oodaa'in' Ihlee.

y- y

Youth Worker n. K'eejit Kat Eenjit Gwitr'it T'agwah'in Nilii.

331

A- a

B- b

basement rock n. nan

benefits plan gisrii

c - c

Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency n. Nikhwinfm kak nits'oo

tr'igwim\.h'in geenjit gwitr'it t'agw~h'in kat.

cumulative affects assessment (CEA) n. yeenoo gwits'at gwiinlit ejuk goodlit gwizhit tr'igwin~h'in.

cumulative impact n. nagwidadhat gwiinleii gwizhit ejuk goodlit.

condensate n. teezrah ts'at khaii drinh.

D d

delineation well n. khatr'igugyit

deplete v. tr. khaii tthak

n.

n.

332

blowout n. nan

consultation n.

cooperation agreements n.

gisriinde'tr'ij~hlii.

core n. tr'oonjii natr'inaa'ik geenjit.

core analysis v. chii natr'inaa'ik.

crown rights n. nan vidatr'igwijilcheih kwaa.

crude oil n. khaii sritr'ilii kwaa.

development proposal n. gisriinitr' ~hjii.

development scoping n. gwichih dagwiheedya'aa gostkatr'intih.

development well n.

gho'

n. nan

dissolved gas n. nan zhit khaii nihtat

dissolved water n. tat

E - e

environmental impact assessment n. nikhwinagoo'ee ejuk goonlii tr'igwin~h 'in.

environmental impact review (EIR) n.

tseenjaa ts'at nikhwinagoo'ee natr'igwin~h'in.

F- f

field (oil) n. gwiinUt khaii khatr'igwUgyit.

first nation lands n. tr'oochit dinjii eenjit nan adatr'igwijilcheih.

n.

- g

gas detection analyzer n. ahgwidandaii.

gas pipeline n.

gas processmg n.

n. nan

hole n.

environmental impact study n.

nikhwinagoo'ee

exploration license n. nan kak ejiich 'ii katr'intii gwi'dinehtl'ee'.

exploration well n. khaii atr'igwahah'aa eenjit khatr'igugyit.

flow line n. iitsii gwizhah zhit khaii niinlaii.

flowing well n. nan ghiW niinlaih.

fossil n. chii shik kak nin k'it

gasoline n.

groundwater n. nan

gusher n. mm nan

k'iighe'

333

- h

- i

impact on the environment n.

impermeable adj. gihdagwHtsaih.

information request n. jidii

J - j

joint environmental impact assessment panel n. nikhwinagoo'ee ejuk goonlii

tr'igwinah'in eenjit jilch'eii kat.

L - l

use permit n. nan

land man n. khaii eenjit diinan t'atr'ahdahch'aa sridagugwidilii.

landowner n. nan

334

n.

hydrocarbon n.

Inspector n. Guk'andehnahtii.

interested party n.

intervener n. tr'igwntsaii.

liquefied natural gas n.

local government n. nilii kat.

M-m

Mackenzie Valley Environmental Impact Review Board n. Nagwichoonjik

Mackenzie Valley and Water Board n. Nagwichoonjik gwinagoo'ee nan, tshuu

Mackenzie Valley Resource Management Act (MVRMA) n. Nikhwinan

N-n

National Energy Board n. Nan Tthak

- 0

Khaii Nihli'ejuk T'idich'uu Eenjit Gwats'at K'adagwidaadhat Kat.

off shore rig n. iitsii gwinidii'ee tshuu kak vah gajiitii dak oontim'.

off-shore drilling n. khaii eenjit khatr'igugyit.

oil n. mm gh~li'.

p - p

panel hearing n. nihli'ejuk geenjit tr'oodhilch'eih.

participant n.

methane n.

mitigative measure or remedial measure n.

NWT Water Board n. Tshuu Eenjit Kat.

oil patch n. khaii katr'inahtii deek'it.

oil spill n. khaii najithanjaa.

oil well n. khaii natr'oondak

parts per billion I million n. dagw~hchii nihtat

permeable rock n.

335

pipeline n.

potential adj.

preliminary information package n. gwiheelyaa 2WIV€:ecltun

R- r

referral n. gahdfmdaii

regulatory review n. dinehtl'eh gwits'an ahtsii kat srits'at nagiinaa'in.

reserves n. khaii tth' aih nan t'iinch'uu.

reservmr n. chii zhit khaii tsii.

s - s

samples n. chii ddhak k'iighe' khaii d~hleii gik'igaanjih.

scopmg v.

seep v. intr.

seismic surveys n. nan kak ts'id nits'oo tadhaach'ik k'iighe' Htdhi'ee gaonim.

settlement area n. mm

settlement lands n. nan

336

n. khaii kat.

project n.

public concern n. tthak

public hearing n. datthak

risk analysis n. dagwidi'in guk'iighe' dagwiheenjaa.

royalty n. khaii atr'agw~h'aii gwats'at tseedhoh diits'an tr'ahtsih.

rules of procedure n. dagwideedakhan gwiinlit nihli'ejuk goonlii gwinjik gwitr'it t'agwaa'in.

shallow gas n. mm dik khaii

significance of impacts n.

nikhwin~mh kak srehtatr'igwehdeelyah.

site reclamation gwik'it

sour gas n.

ny~hgwan

T - t

U-u

use of water n.

- w

waste n. tshuu

water license n. tshuu gwi'dinehtl'ee'.

tshuu

well completion n. khaii eenjit tr'iilee gwiltsaii.

well control v. khagwahaadoh gwich'i'.

well bore v.

wildcat n. tr'oochit khagweedigyit.

work plan n. gwitr'it geenjit tr'iilee tr'igwahtsih.

337

c - c

camp n . ... !9 .... ,, ..

camped n.

F - f

fish camp n.

- h

hooks (set under ice) n.

J - j

jiggling v. chijal tr'al'aii.

s - s

set up camp v. niinjih.

shooting (plural) n. ne'gahtal.

shooting (singular) n.

T - t

tipped (boat) v.tr. nadimmghoo.

tramp (down snow) n. nichinaa'oh;

n . ............ r

338

campsite n.

n.

n.

shot (I) n. adhaltah;

n. jidhalk'eh.

shot (S/he) n. altah.

traveling v. tr'eenjah.

A~ a

aboriginal people adj.

adolescent boy n.

B ~ b

baby n.

boy n.

boy (little) n.

boyfriend (my) n.

boyfriend/ girlfriend (ex) n.

c - c

child n. tr'iinin.

E - e

elder n. anjoo.

Inuit n.

- g

girl n.

girl (adolescent) n. njoo'.

M-m

man n.

man (bad) n.

Anglicans n.

bushman n.

compamons n. nihkhanagajaazheh.

girl (pubescent) n.

339

man 11.

p - p

people n.

11. nat.

people (black) n.

people (my) n.

R - r

rich man n. dinjii chil'ee.

s - s

single person 11. gadhidii kwaa;

n. thim' nadhat.

- w

white man n.

wicked man n. dinjii

n. dinjii

widow n.

widower n.

wives (their) n.

340

man 11.

11.

pnsoner n.

11.

rich person n. chil'ee nilii;

n. dinjii chiPee.

stranger n. aachin.

woman n.

woman (elderly) n. shinaghan.

woman (unmarried) n. tr'iinjoo vatr'oodii kwaa.

woman (young) n.

n.

341

c ~ c

comb n.

L ~ l

lotion (hand) n.

p - p

perfume n.

R ~ r

razor n. diideezhoo

s - s

shampoo n. chiighe' daatleh;

n. chiighe' daatlih.

shaving cream n. deezhoo eenjit daatlee'.

T t

toilet paper n.

toothbrush n. diigho'

n.

342

cotton balls n.

razor blade n.

soap n. daatleh;

n. daatlih.

toothpaste n. diigho'

n. diigho'

A- a

Anderson n.

Arctic Red River n.

B- b

Bear Creek n.

Bell n.

Big Sucker Creek n. Daats'at

Black Mountain n.

c - c

Cadzaw Lake n. Chii Daatsik.

Campbell Lake n. Tidigeh Van.

Caribou Bar Creek n. Ch'idzee Njik.

Caribou River n. Edigii Njik.

D-d

David Lord Creek n.

E - e

Eagle River n. Ezhin

Eight Miles n. Nitaiinlaii.

Enjik.

Arctic (town) n.

Attoe Lake n.

Blackstone River n.

Boat Landing n.

Bonnetplume n.

Crooked Back Lake n. Jithamm.

Crossly Lake n. Ezhinihdlii.

Cut Off v. Ganiinlaii.

Driftwood River n. Choo Njik.

Inuit Lake n.

343

F - f

n.

Creek n.

n.

Fish Lake n.

Fishing n.

- g

Ghost Lake n. Leth Kak Van

Grass Creek n. Kak

- h

Heart n. Edrii

Hungry Lake n.

Husky Lake n.

J - j

Choo.

Johnson Creek n. Aadrii Njik.

L - l

Lapierre House n. Gwitsal.

Little Rock Lake n.

M-m

Mackenzie River n. Nagwichoonjik.

344

n.

n.

n.

Frog Creek n.

Husky n.

Husky River (mouth of) n. Tat Gwitshik.

Little Sucker Creek n. Chihvyah K'it Gwitsal.

Lone Mountain n.

Mason Hill n.

n.

n.

p - p

Paddle Creek n.

Peel Canyon n.

Peel n.

R- r

Rat Indian Creek n. Van Tat Teetshik.

Rat River (lower) n. Srnh

Rat River (upper) n. Ddhah

Rengling River n. Khainlaii.

Road River n. Vihtl'oo Tshik.

s - s

Scow Mountain n. Dachan Ch 'ik I Dachan Ddhaa'.

Schaeffer Mountain n.

Sheep Creek n.

Shiltee Island n. Childii Njnn.

Sitidgi Lake n. Sitr'ijee

n.

n. Khat'oo

Porcupine River n.

Rock River n.

Rotten Eye n. Vindee Gw~hjat.

Snake River n. Gynn Dizhoo Njik.

Stony Creek n. Gwatoh TaH

Summit Lake n.

Swan Creek n.

Swan Lake n. Daazraii

345

T - t

Three Cabin Creek n.

"'"~"''r River n.

Trail Creek n. Tr'atr'aataii

Travaillant Lake n.

n.

V-v

Vittrekwa Creek n. Vitreekwaa

- w

Weldon Creek n. Teetshik Gwichoo.

Wind River n. Tr'iniintr'aii Njik.

Wolf Mountain n. Trinzhoh.

Wolverine River n.

Wounded Bear Lake n.

n. Shoh N ehkaii

346

Travaillant

Tree n.

n.

n.

n.

B- b

backbencher n.

c- c

committee (special or select) n.

jilch'eiinat.

constitution n. iisrits'at dagwidii'e'.

constitution act n. Canada eenjit dagwidU'e'

gwiinchii.

- d

E - e

elected representatives n. tr'oonjik kat.

equalization n.

constitutional monarchy n.

council n.

Councilor n.

executive n. iisrits'at nilii

347

F

n.

human rights n. tthak

L - I

legislative branch n.

legislative committee n. kat ligiljil.

M m

member of parliament n. vadatr'igwijHcheii.

Minister (political) n. Iisrits'at Chit.

p - p

Parliament n. Ginjih Gadaaghoo Zheh.

plebiscite n. egwijiich'uu gwijiinchii eenjit tr'oodahkat.

political party 11. guudatr'igwijilcheii kat.

Premier 11.

Prime Minister n.

- q

348

lobby group n. kat.

local government n. nilii

gwizhit

municipal government 11. kaiik'it zhit k'adagwidaadhat.

private member's bill 11. vidinehtl'ee

gwintl'~hchuh.

n.

rights adj.

s - s

Senate n.

Speaker of the senate n. kat

speech from the throne n.

T - t

territorial government n. dinjii kat eenjit k' adagwidaadhat.

transfer payment n. ts'ilt tseedhoh

gwintl'atr'~chnh.

V-v

voting n.

Sub chief n.

349

A- a

All Saints Day (Nov 1st) n. Luundee Drin

April n. Tadhaa

n. Vananh Dzhirh

c - c

calendar n. sree

n.

Christmas n. Drin

D-d

daily adj. drin

day n. drin.

day (after) n. drin gehndoo.

day after tomorrow n. nihkaa gehdok;

n. nihkaa gehndoo.

F - f

fall (previous) n.

fall season n.

khaiints'an'.

fall season n. nagwidik'ii.

350

August n. Nin

n. Vammh

August 15 n. Tl'at Drin

n. Tadh

day before yesterday v. k'adai' gehnoo;

v. k'eedai' gehnoo.

day (next) n. gehndoo drin.

December n. Jideendoo Ts'an;

n. Khahzhak

February n.

n. Sree

n. Videetoh Goojiidhat.

Friday n. Ihloo

n. Luk Tr'a'aa

n.

n.

J - j

n.

n.

n.

n.

L - l

adj. niizhit

adj.

M-m

March n. Echee Zrii';

n. Tadhaa Zree'.

d ' ., a1 .

May n. Gwilyuu Zree';

n. Gwilyuu Zrii';

n.

Monday n.

N- n

newyear n.

n.

n.

n.

longer days n.

n. Drin Tl'~~·

month n. sree nimh;

n. srii nimh.

New Years Day n.

November n.

351

- 0

October n.

n.

s - s

Saturday n. Drin

n.

September n.

n. Di'iilii;

n.

shorter days n.

n. dahgwan.

spring (came early) n. daii khfmh gwilgwfm';

one week n.

(future tense) n.

spring season n.

v.

spring season (late) n.

n.

summer n. shin.

summer (early) n. khanh shin goodlet;

n. dl'!H khimh gwilgwi'm'; n. khanh shin gwiteelyah.

n. khimh gwUgwan'.

spring (current) n. juga

T - t

Thanksgiving

352

n. juk dl'!U·

n.

Sunday n. Drin Zhit.

three days ago n.

n.

now

prep.

Thursday n. Drin

n.

today adv.

adv. juk

tomorrow n. .... ,,.~u'~

V-v

Valentines Day n. Edrii

- w

drin tik

Dr in

Wednesday n. Drin Tik;

n. Drin Ts'id Drin Tyek.

winter n.

Y-y

yesterday adv.

adv. k'eedai'.

n. drin.

n.

n.

n.

two winters ago n.

winter (middle) n. khaii tPat.

353

A- a

awl n.

B - b

babiche (skinny) n.

n. tPil

babiche (thick) n.

bias tape n.

n. n. ethitl'H

beads n. naagaii;

c - c

caribou hide (tanned) n. ~~·~~.,, ..

D-d

duffle n. ts'at.

E e

embroidery thread n.

F- f

fringe n.

fur (hood trim) n.

n.

354

button n.

n. lavado,.o ..

cloth n. ethitll:'ii.

fur (moccasin n.

- h

hem n.

K-k

L - I

n.

laces (moccasin) n.

n.

- m

moose hide n. dinjik dhoh.

- n

needle bag n. tthah tsal dhoh.

needle (beading) n. naagaii tthah tsat

needle (glover) n. adhoh tthah tsal;

p- p

pleats n.

n. tthah tsal visreedhik'aii;

n. tthah

needle (round) n. tthah tsal vyqh.

needle (sewing) n. tthah tsat

needle (wool) n.

porcupine quills n. ch'oo.

355

n.

s - s

scissors n. smew n.

sewed n. n.

sewing machine n. iitsii n. I'ic ........ u

T - t

thimble

U-u

uppers n.

- y

n. edzii gwichoo.

yam n. lalen;

n.

356

thread n. ch'eh;

n. ch'ih.

yam, wool n.

- a

aurora borealis (northern lights) n.

n.

B- b

big dipper (constellation) n.

n.

c - c

calm acij. juughat

clear visibility acij. gwizrii nagwU'eh.

clouds n. k'oh.

cloudy day acij. gwit'eh goo'aih;

adj. k'oh

cold acij.

adj.

D - d

goo'aih;

colder n. gwiiyaa'an gwiniik'adh.

colors from sunrise n. gii juuts~i'.

357

n.

F - f

fog n.

G- g

global warming n. nan kak gwiniidhaa neegwijaazhih.

- h

hail n. anluh;

n.

I - i

ice fog n.

L - l

lightening v. nehtan

M-m

358

foggy n. its'ik

little dipper (constellation) n.

n.

meteor n.

moon n. oozree; moon n. sree

n. too

n. too

moonlight n.

n. tadh

N- n

wind n.

n.

R- r

ram n. rammg v.

rainbow n.

s - s

sky n. zhee;

n. zhee hyidh;

n. zhee khyuu. storm n. drij~hts~j';

sky (clear) n. zheezrih.

snowed (heavily) v. nazhoh eedizhaa.

snowmg v. ahsheh; n. drij~htsai'.

v. ahshih.

snowstmm n. bah sun n. sree;

n. nfmadhidoh. n.

south wind n. nuu ahtr'aih; sun (ring around) n. sree ne'nilt'aih.

n. sun (rising higher) n . ...... ,, ........ u

star ' ' n. san. sunny day n.

star (evening) n. sunnse n.

359

n. n. sree

sunset n. n.

n.

T - t

n.

V-v

visibility (poor) n.

n.

- w

weather (bad) n. weather (warmer) n.

weather (cold) n. hm ak'oo'. n. nagweedhah.

weather (colder) n. gwitaneek'adh.

weather (good) n. chiitaii gwiinziii.

weather (sudden cold) n.

weather (warm) n.

360

weather (warming up) n.

west n. ddhah

n. ee

wind n.

v.

(beginning) v.

wind (chinook) n.

n.

n. drat

n.

n.

windstorm v. ahtr'aih

v.

361

A- a

air hole

c- c

clear of ice n.

F - f

frozen over n.

- g

glacier n.

I -

ICe n. b.li.U.

ice (among the mountains) n.'luu khaagit.

ice (broken) n. luu khadinaanaih;

n. khadinaan~ji.

ice (clear) n.

n.

ice (cracked) n. luu

n. luu tyiP;

n. tan

362

avalanche (past tense) n.

frozen river n.

ice (cracking) n. tan altraa.

ice (crushed) n. khadaneedaddhak.

ice (first to form in the fall) n.

agwijilch~U.

ice (glossy) n.

n.

ice (hard) n.

n.

n.

n. han

n.

n.

n. luu .......... 1u,,.,

n.

ice (large n. tan.

ice (melting) n.

ice (mountain) n. ddhah

ice (moving) n.

n.

1ce on n.

ice (over creek bed) n. tan

hm.

ice pack along shore n. vine'tathit:roo;

M-m

melted adj. nanadeediz:rii.

melting n. nagwaaghaii.

s - s

slush n.

n.

slush (running) n.

snow n. zhoh.

snow crust n. gwilyim'.

snow (deep) n.

snow patch (on

(rough) n. luu

n. luu

n.

ice (thick) n.

n. luu diti'.

ice (thin) n. "'"'"' .. '""

n. luu

icicle n.

n.

melting (snow) n. gwahgwim';

n. zhoh nadhaghaih;

n. zhoh taojiilit.

snow (powdery) n.

n.

snow (soft) n.

snow (underneath crust) n. tsaih

snow (wet) n.

snowdrift n.

snowflakes n. ch'aa';

363

n. snow n.

v.

v.

364

A a

All Saints Day (Nov 1st) n.

altar n. limes

n. zhee

Anglican Minister n.

altar boys n. n.

n.

angel n. zhee kak

B- b

baptism n. tshuu

bible n. choo.

Bishop n. Giikhii Choo;

n. Yahtyee Choo.

blessed virgin Mary n. daag~ii

c - c

Cardinal n. Choo.

Catholic Brother n. Diiyuundee.

chalice

chapel n.

n.

n.

Anglicans n.

arch-angel n. zhee kak

n. dhits'aa.

burial n. nan zhe'tr'~hchii;

n. nan zhit tr'~hchii.

Christmas n. Tsal;

n. Tr'igjikhii.

n.

365

n.

n.

confirmation n.

E - e

Easter n.

Easter Day n.

- g

God n. K'agwaadhat;

n. Tr'altsllU;

n.

H- h

heaven n. kak.

Holy n.

366

n.

cross n.

Easter Monday n.

n.

Good Friday n. Niht'yehdi'ee n. Niht'ihdi'ee Drin.

guardian angel n. zhee kak gwich'in diik'anahtii;

n. zhee kak gwich'in diik' anahtyee.

n.

L - I

last sacrament n.

- m

Medicine Man n. Minister n.

medicine (spiritual) n. shan. n.

- n

Nun n.

- 0

offering (to the church) n. tr'igiikhii zheh tseedhoh latshfmh tr'ijiilih

v. ataiinjii tr'ahtsih.

p - p

Pope n. Labap;

n. Priest n.

prayer v. n.

prophet n. k'adagwida'ak;

n. yeechih gahdandaii.

pure n.

praymg n. purgatory n.

v.

367

R

s - s

n.

sign of the cross n.

song (prophetic) n.

soul (my) n.

V-v

vestment n. giikhii gwich' a a';

n. limes gwidaP.

- w

water (holy) n.

368

spirit n.

spirit (my) n.

n.

n.

worship n.

c - c

cordless phone n.

phone n.

I -

interpreting equipment n.

K- k

kidney dialysis machine n.

L - l

life support machine n. iitsii vik'iighe' tr'adazhak.

s - s

khadint'ii.

T - t

telephone n. tr'igiikhii.

369

c - c

cold adj.

D - d

distance n.

F - f

full adj.

H- h

half way n. iiteeti'at.

heat n. gwidhah.

L - I

light (weight) n.

luke warm adj.

p - p

370

per

s ~ s

small n.

T ~ t

thermometer (body) n.

~ w

weather thermometer n.

n. nih tat

some n.

weigh scale n.

n. vah guk'e'tr'ahdyee.

371

D- d

dawn n.

E e

early morning n.

- h

halfhour n.

n.

- m

midday n.

midnight n. tadh d'at;

n. too tl'at

N-n

night n. tadh;

n. too.

- 0

one and one half hour n.

n.

T - t

ihlak

ihlak

this evening n. gwitl'ee khahts'at;

11. juk

this morning n.

372

evemng

mornmg n.

n. vimh.

one hour n. sreedrii ihlak.

tonight 11. gwitl'ee

11. juk

towards evening v.

A- a

mr gun 11.

awl n.

axe (broad) 11.

c- c

11.

chisel (ice) 11. hm

D- d

drill bit

F- f

11.

11. vah gajiit'ii gho'.

file 11. tl'yahchi'.

funnel 11. gwinjit

gun sight (front) 11.

H-h

(gaff) 11.

axe (butt ofblade) 11.

axe (double bladed) n.

chisel (snowshoe) 11.

11.

373

~ l

ladder n.

p p

R ~ r

rake n. nan

s - s

scraping board n.

n. vik'oo uuLuJ ...

scythe (grass cutter) n. tl'oo vah khatr'it'ii.

- w

wrench

374

n. vah khatr'indoo.

stage cache) n.

pliers n. vah

shovel (snow) n.

spade n. vizhit khatr'igwizhit.

- a

airplane n.

anchor n . ........... ,,~

c - c

canoe n.

D-d

dog pack n. 1enu:no

H-h

handlebar n. lagraiiyel.

J j

JOurney

p - p

paddle n.

n. khaihtak gwahahtsah.

anchor rope n.

automobile n.

driver's license n. iitsii

edinehtl'ee'

n. ne'hahlak gwi'dinehtl'ee'.

helicopter n. Htsii ghoo.

375

n.

s - s

snowshoes n.

n.

376

n.

spacecraft n.

- a

alder n.

B- b

bear root n.

n.

berries n.

birch n.

birch bark n.

bird's eye, bearberry n.

n. shih

c - c

cranberry n. natl'at.

D-d

dried branches n. dadahtroh;

n. didich' ~ii;

drift wood n. doo.

F - f

flower n.

alpine arnica n. at'an tsoo.

black current n.

blackberry, crowberry n. un•"-'-'"· ..

blueberry n.

n.

driftwood (pile) n. doo

dry tree n. deeditroo.

dry wood n. troo gaii;

n. troo

dwarfbirch n.

377

- g

grassy

- h

horsetail n.

J - j

JUmper n.

n.

L - I

n.

n.

leaves n. at'i'm.

lichen n.

- rn

moss n. nin'.

muskeg tea n. Udii rnasgit.

N-n

northern ground cone n.

n.

p - p

poplar n. t'oo.

punk wood n.

378

~ r

raspberry n.

current n.

n.

n.

n.

roots n.

s ~ s

seeds n.

n. vanchi'.

shavings n.

spruce bark n. aatr'ii.

spruce bark (inner) n. ineech'uu;

n. ts'eevii ch'yidh.

spruce bough n. thoo'ah.

spruce cone n. dineedziL

T ~ t

tamarack n.

~ w

willow n.

willow (fork) n. k'aii jilgoo.

willow (skinny) n.

n. UUI'U.:;·~~HH:U

rose hips n . ........ ..

spruce n.

spruce gum (soft) n. dzeh

n. dzih ant'at.

spruce tree n.

stick (big) n. gal nichii.

stone berry n. dimdaih.

turnip n.

n.

willows n. k'aii

willows (fresh) n. diloo'.

willow/treetop (dried out) n.

379

n. n.

n. troo.

yarrow n. yellow berry I cloud berry n.

380

Sixth Edition

(

Gwich'in Social and Cultural Institute