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IDAnewsPresident-IDAbestowed withLeadershipDevelopment AwardDR. G.S. RAJORHIA, President, Indian DairyAssociation was bestowed with the “LeadershipDevelopment Award” by Agriculture TodayGroup during its glittering ceremony of India DairyAwards at Hotel Taj Palace, New Delhi on 10th

January 2020.The award was handed over by Mr. Atul Chaturvedi, IAS, Secretary, Ministry of Animal Husbandry, Dairying

and Fisheries, Govt. of India. The award ceremony was followed by two technical sessions on “Business and Trade”and “Policy and Technology” under the theme “Role of Dairy Sector in Achieving US$ 5 Trillion Indian Economy”.List of awardees (individual/organization), received the award during the ceremony, were as under:

Awards Title Awardees Name

Leadership Development Award Dr. G.S. Rajorhia, President, Indian Dairy Association

Lifetime Achievement Award Dr. Rameshwar Singh, Vice Chancellor, Bihar Animal Sci. University, Patna

Best Animal Health Company Virbac Animal Health India Pvt Ltd

Best Brand in Dairy Sector Ananda (Gopaljee Dairy Foods)

Best Company in Social Impact Maahi Milk Producer Company Limited

Best Dairy Professional Mr. Ramesh Chugh, Ex Chief General Manager (Technical), HDDCF

Best Large Sized Company Dudhsagar Dairy, Mehsana

Best Medium Sized Company Karimnagar Milk Producer Company

Best Small Sized Company Lakshya Food (I) Limited

Best State Dairy Federation State Milk Federation, COMFED Bihar

Best Technology Company Ayurvet Limited

CEO of the Year Award Mr. Atul Mehra, Chairman, Tasty Dairy Specialties Limited

Dairy Extension Award Punjab Dairy Development Board

Dairy Policy Leadership Award Mr. Tarun Shridhar, Former Secretary – AHD&F, Government of India

Dairy Startup Award Sakhi Mahila Milk Producer Company Ltd

Fastest Growing Company Zydus Animal Health, Div. of Cadila Healthcare Ltd.

Most Integrated Company Heritage Foods Ltd.

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IDA (East Zone) organized a Regional WorkshopIDA (EAST ZONE) conducted one dayRegional Workshop on “Efficient O & Mof Boilers and Energy Conservation” inassociation with National ProductivityCouncil, Kolkata, under the aegis ofCentral Boiler Board (Ministry ofCommerce & Industry, Govt. of India) atthe NDDB premises, Kolkata on January18, 2020. In all, 36 participants joined atthe Workshop.

Inaugural address was delivered byMr. S. Mallik, Regional Director, NPC,Kolkata. During the speech, he stressedthe need of appropriate operation of boilerand its proper maintenance. He alsohighlighted the need of energyconservation. Welcome address was givenby Dr. D.C. Sen, Vice-Chairman, IDA(EZ). Dr. Sen heartily welcomed all theparticipants particularly, those who camefrom distant places like Barauni, Gaya, Nalanda, Patna, Ranchi, Samastipur, Bankura, Karimpur, Medinipur, DiamondHarbour, etc. He thanked Mr. Sudhir Kumar Singh, Chairman, IDA (EZ) for his keen interest in this program andextending all help for making it successful. Due to pre-occupation, he could not be present at the Workshop.

In view of the current scenario of Indian dairy industry, Dr. Sen emphasized the need for conducting more suchWorkshops throughout the country. This will help Dairy Engineers, Technologist and Boiler Operators to update theirknowledge which will be useful for their routine dairy operations. University and college teachers can also upgradetheir knowledge through this Workshop. Dr. B.S. Beniwal, Dean, SGIDT, Patna, was the Guest of Honor.Dr. Beniwal shared some of his experiences on the subject while he was General Manager at Delhi Milk Scheme.

Three technical sessions were held during the one day Workshop. Thereafter, an open house interaction andknowledge sharing process were held with participants followed by presentation of certificates to the participant.

In the valedictory function, Mr. Ashok Ghosh and Mr. P.V. Reddy, two very experienced dairy technologistsgave some constructive suggestions for further improvement of the course module. Help rendered by the officebearers of NDDB, Kolkata for conducting the Workshop was thankfully acknowledged.

NATIONALnewsDairy business expected to reach ` 21.9Lakh crore by 2024IN 2019, India emerged as the largest milk producer andconsumer. Niti Aayog estimates that the country isexpected to increase its milk production to 330 millionmetric tonnes (mt) in 2033-34 from the current level of176 mt. Marketing and innovation, thus, are increasinglybecoming important in White Revolution 2.0. This is alsoevident from the fact that dairy business is expected to

reach ` 21,97,100 crore by 2024 with a CAGR of about16%.

The new revolution has effectuated dairy firms’marketing strategy for milk and milk products,resuscitating the outlook of product-market mix. Forexample, until 1990s, dairy business was more specific toproduction and sales of butter, ghee, skim milk powder

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BANAS DAIRY PROCURESRECORD 68.93 LLPD MILKThe Banaskantha District Co-operative Milk Producers' UnionLtd, popularly known as BanasDairy has registered a new recordin milk procurement. Asia'slargest dairy union has procured68.93 lakh litres milk per day(LLPD) up against 68.89 LLPDwhich it had procured last year,Banas Dairy's Chairman Mr.Shankar Chaudhary said. The newrecord in milk procurementbecame possible because of hardwork of women, who are thebackbone of the procurementnetwork. Dhanera taluka inBanaskantha this year has beenhighest milk supplier to our dairy.Being on Rajasthan border, it hasbenefit to get the milk from theneighbouring state as well, Mr.Chaudhary said, adding that thedairy union is planning to addDhanera centre as a “dairy unit” -a status of branch of the largestdairy. He also appreciated Uniongovernment's decision ofconsidering the appeal of womenmilk producers by refusing to signthe Regional ComprehensiveEconomic Partnership (RCEP)agreement.

MONDELEZ INDIA LAUNCHESCADBURY CHOCOBAKES,CHOCOLATE-FILLED COOKIESMondelez India has launchedCadbury Chocobakes, whichoffers consumers the iconicchocolate filled in a cookie. It is across-pollination of the iconicchocolate and biscuit categories,delivering a delightful and uniqueexperience for the consumer. Thelaunch of Cadbury ChocobakesChoc-filled Cookies stems fromour constant endeavour to createand redefine categories,commenting on the innovation,Mr. Sudhanshu Nagpal, AssociateDirector, Marketing (Biscuits),Mondelez India said.

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PS (SMP/WMP) and the market

structure was oligopolistic.When the market integrationtook place post-liberalizationand Milk and Milk ProductsOrder (2002) was abolished,dairy businesses observed aradical shift toward a strategicproduct diversificationinvolving functional and

traceable foods like nutrition-based health drinks, packaged milk products (suchas paneer), and frozen/probiotic products and other products.

Second, market structure, conduct, and performance have dramaticallychanged post 2000s. Besides the established cooperative federations like Amul,other state cooperative federations and multinationals (viz., Nestle, Danon, andLactalis) are aggressively harnessing the untapped business potential. It isinteresting to note that there are 28 state federations, 218 district unions and1,85,903 dairy cooperative societies. These societies directly associate with16.6 million farmers. However, the federal structures have outreach to only24% of villages and around 22% of milch animal population. A majority, 80% ofthe market share, lies with private dairies and/or informal/unorganized markets.Thus, there is an opportunity to improve milk procurement and processing.Strategic partnership and competitive intelligence can create and distributetangible benefits by strengthening the back end and front end supply chain.

Third, increase in the market share depends on how dairy firms’capabilities and their resources are utilized given the opportunities and threatsemanating from emerging market economies. White revolution 2.0 canstrengthen the scope of vertical integration between cattle feed industries, dairymachinery firms, producer cooperative unions, state marketing federations,advertising and marketing firms, logistics and distribution agencies.

Fourth, contract/corporate dairying and emerging global dairy trade arerequired to rope in dairy supply chains stakeholders in order to expand theiroutreach and “on-the-go” product positioning into the target segment. Also,digital technology-enabled dairy firms need to identify their compatible partnersand competitors for co-creation through product-process innovation viarelationship/value-based marketing. Freshness in milk, and convenience to storemilk or milk products can be a technology innovation brought in by large dairyfirms in association with start-ups.

Fifth, National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) plays a pivotal role indairy businesses through institutional and structural/policy reforms. For example,National Dairy Plan flagged off in 2012 has just concluded its phase one withan outlay of ` 2,242 crore. The phase one aimed to improve milk productionand animal breed development. The phase two, which will begin shortly with anoutlay for ` 8,004 crore, will provide the financial assistance to dairy units forprocessing, increasing their outreach to the unexplored market, and improvingmilk quality testing at the milk collection centres.

The write-up is an abridged version of a lecture note titled ‘Status andScope of Marketing Intelligence in Dairy Business Management’ presented atthe Navsari Agricultural University at the CAAST-NAHEP project, ICAR.

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20-22 February, 2020Birla Auditorium, Jaipur(Rajasthan)IDA (North Zone), in associationwith Rajasthan State Chapter(RSC) of IDA, is organizing the48th DIC at Birla Auditorium,Statue Circle, Jaipur, during20-22 February, 2020. The themeof the conference is “Dairying forHealth and Wealth”.For more information, contactSecretary General, 48th DairyIndustry Conference, C/o 607Mahima Trinity, Swaj Farm NewSanganer Road, Jaipur- 302019Email: jaipur48dic@yahoo.comWebsite: www.48dic.org

IDF WORLD DAIRY SUMMIT202028 September - 1 October 2020Cape Town, South AfricaThe South African Committee ofIDF commits to hosting a mostsuccessful and memorable summitin Cape Town in the spring of2020. South Africa,geographically situated at thesouthernmost tip of Africa, is oneof the few countries in Africawith well-developed agricultureand agro-processing infrastructureable to meet domestic demandand to export to the fast growingAfrican market as well as to othercontinents.For further information, pleasevisit https://idfwds2020.com

DAIRY INDUSTRY EXPO 202016-18 October 2020Pune, MaharashtraDairy Industry Expo along withConference will provide an idealopportunity to meet fellow dairyprofessionals from around thecountry displaying complete valuechain from animal genetics tofarm management and milk andmilk-product processing.Visit http://dairyindustryexpo.com

Mooofarm giving cattle adigital identityFOUNDED IN 2017 by Aashna and ParamSingh, M/s Mooofarm is an agritechstartup firm dedicated to findingtechnical solutions for dairy farmers byhelping them keep their cattle healthyand increase their income by improvingthe milk quality. According to them, cowand buffalo is distinguishable with 95%accuracy. The algorithm only requirespictures of each cow or buffalo fromdifferent angles, backgrounds and lighting to identify unique features of theanimal.

The startup has built a digital ecosystem of cattle through its mobile appthat leverages data analytics to provide farm and cattle management solutionsto dairy farmers such as digitizing the life cycle of their cattle, connecting themto input suppliers for fodder and to veterinarians for emergencies, among otherservices.

This technology can help solve the fraudulent claim settlement issue in thecattle insurance sector wherein the farmer claims (sends ear/ear tag) of aninsured cattle, whereas the death has been of uninsured cattle. The numbersrepresenting livestock insurance in India are dismal. According to a reply givenin Lok Sabha on March 13, 2018, 14.80 lakh animals were insured in 2014-2015. Since then, the number has dropped to 7.44 lakh in 2016-2017.

Further, current practices of claiming insurance for cattle are morbid. Toclaim insurance, for most animals, a death certificate from a veterinarian, RFID(Radio frequency identification chip, inserted in the front left leg of the animal)and a post-mortem report are required. However, for cows, it is imperative tosubmit the chopped off part of the deceased animal's ear, which had beenearlier punched with an ear tag carrying a unique number when the animal isbought. Mooofarm's facial recognition solution has the capability to replace thismethod altogether.

Gurucharan Singh, a farmer from Chamaaroo, Punjab, possessed theincorrect knowledge about the amount of feed needed for his cattle. He thoughtthe more feed given to the cow, the more milk production, which resulted in himspending a huge amount on cattle feed. Mooofarm’s trainers removed thismisconception and taught Gurucharan and other farmers the formula to calculatethe accurate amount of feed for each cattle. The farmer was able to reduce thefeed amount to 33 kg per day, saving ` 6390 per month.

Mooofarm may impact 2 lakh farmers by end 2020 and our vision is toenhance 1 million lives by 2022. The company is a B2B entity and ties upgovernment agencies and corporates who want to spend their corporate socialresponsibility budgets for farmer welfare. Mooofarm is presently working inSangrur and Patiala districts of Punjab (starting Ludhiana and Moga soon),Hamirpur and Hardoi district of UP, Nagpur Amravati and Wardha district ofMaharashtra, and Dausa district of Rajasthan.

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India gearing up to host 2022 World Dairy SummitINDIA is currently working on developing a smartbackyard dairying model near Delhi to exhibit during theWorld Dairy Summit in 2022 in New Delhi.

The annual flagship Summit of the InternationalDairy Federation or IDF is actually a platform for dairystakeholders that include farmers, researchers,processors & marketers, to exchange knowledge as wellas ideas on better dairying practices.

For this, the Government of India has involved theNational Dairy Development Board (NDDB) and IndianDairy Association (IDA), besides private players andcooperatives as its stakeholders. In addition, anorganizing committee has been formed with all thestakeholders as part of it. It was in 1974 that Indiahosted a global dairy summit in Delhi.

Mr. Dilip Rath, Chairman, NDDB, who is also partof the IDF India National Committee said, “We are

working to establish a village to display our smart dairyingpractices. It is not only to showcase, but also to developa sustainable dairy model for the future. For this a modelvillage will be set up near Delhi in Haryana. India hasbeen regularly taking part in the Annual Summit, in othercountries. In 2022, we will be the host country”.

As many as 5,000 participants, 50% of which willbe from abroad are expected to attend the one-weekevent that usually takes place around September-October. The Summit will have exhibitions, technicalsessions, farmer sessions, farm visits, social events andbusiness engagements.

In 2019, World Dairy Summit was held in Turkey.The next summit is scheduled in September-October2020 in Cape Town, South Africa. After that Purto Ricowill host the event in 2021, followed by India in 2022 &China in 2023.

A Course on Technological advances infunctional food at NDRI ConcludedA 21-DAY refresher course on“Technological Advances inFunctional Food Ingredients andValidation of Claims” concluded atNational Dairy Research Institute(NDRI), Karnal. The main objectiveof the course was to impartknowledge to participants about therole of functional foods in improvinghealth and well-being and itstherapeutic role in human beings. Dr.G.S. Rajorhia, President, IDA, NewDelhi, during the concluding functionsaid functional foods were known to improve health, besides supplementing nutrition and value addition. Dr. R.R.B.Singh, Director, NDRI, said in recent times, functional foods, particularly functional food ingredients, had garneredconsiderable amount of attention because of their presumed safety, nutritional and therapeutic effects. Dr. BimleshMann, Course Director and Editor, IJDS said that during the training programme, state-of-the-art instrumentationfacilities present in the newly established national referral center for milk quality and safety, were largely utilized. In all,18 candidates from nine states participated in the programme.

FSSAI to bring animalfeed under FSSA; insistson BIS compliance

Food Safety & Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) hasdecided to bring the subject of animal feed under Food Safetyand Standards Act, 2006, and issued a direction that animalfeed for food producing animals must comply with the Bureauof Indian Standards (BIS).

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The direction further states that no commercial activities with respect to animal feed can be undertaken exceptunder BIS certification. The direction reveals, “FSSAI is examining the possibilities of framing feed regulationssupported with appropriate amendments in the FSS Act. And to address the issue on an interim basis, it has beendecided that commercial feeds, feed materials given to the animal producing food shall comply with the relevant BISstandards.” The direction added that such feed shall not be manufactured, imported, distributed and sold except underthe BIS certification mark.

The animal feed being sold in India has been under scanner of the apex food authority for some time, and due tocontamination of the feed, the milk produced by animals was found having traces of Aflatoxin M1, which is carcinogenic.

According to Mr. P. Karthikeyan, Deputy Director, Regulations, FSSAI, in recent times it has been noted thatfoods of animal origin were found to be non-compliant with the relevant food quality and safety standards laid downunder the FSS Act, particularly with respect to pesticides, heavy metals and Aflatoxin M1. The major source of thesecontaminants is largely through feed and fodder and therefore the regulatory control to ensure quality and safety ofanimal feed and silage is urgently needed.

All-women dairy co-op opens in MaharashtraTHE FIRST all-women dairy co-op has been opened inMaharashtra, backed by Tata Power.

Maval Dairy Farmer Services Producer Companywill sell products - including milk, paneer, cream andbuttermilk - under the brand name Creyo in Mumbai andPune, and customers with a 60km area can also orderproducts through a mobile app.

The cooperative has 1,200women farmer members, providing6,000 litres of milk a day to 15collection centres which cover 26villages. It is hoped that production willbe expanded to 50,000 litres a day,with a wide range of products onoffer.

Work to set up the co-op beganseveral years ago when Tata officialsmet with women farmers to discussways to help them organise. In

partnership with management consultants ALC India -which works to improve livelihoods in economicallymarginalised communities - potential members were giventraining in clean milk production, animal management,governance, soft skills and enterprise building, as well asfinancial support.

Dairy farmers to get ` 2 more per litre from Jan 1The Bangalore Urban, Rural and Ramanagara District Co-operative Milk ProducersSocieties Union Ltd (BAMUL) has announced a ` 2 per litre hike in the milkprocurement rate payable to dairy farmers with effect from January 1. However, theprice payable by consumers remains unchanged. BAMUL Chairman Mr. NarasimhaMurthy said dairy farmers will now get ` 28 per litre from the previous ` 26. BAMULcurrently receives around 16 lakh litres of milk per day from 12 different taluks inRamanagara, Bengaluru Urban and Bengaluru Rural districts.

Karnataka Rajya Raithara Sanga President Mr. Kodihalli Chandrashekar saidthat two-rupee increase is welcome but it is not sufficient. The government shouldunderstand that the production cost is on the higher side and should also considerincreasing the retail price of milk.

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33% NABNABNABNABNABARDARDARDARDARD subsidy to poor farmers and Dalitsfor setting up dairy farmsDR. DILBAGH SINGH HANS, Deputy Director (DairyDepartment) of Ludhiana, Punjab said that specialprogrammes have been started for diversification inagriculture and for uplifting the living standards of weakersections, particularly scheduled castes (SC), by trainingthem in dairy management. Under the scheme ofpromotion of dairy farming as livelihood for SCbeneficiaries, chosen candidates will be imparted trainingin artificial insemination, pregnancy diagnosis, diseases inanimals as well as how to grow green fodder throughoutthe year and milk handling.

On the completion of the training course, the

candidates will then be awarded with certificates as wellas scholarships. Candidates who successfully complete thetraining will be eligible for easy loan from banks, enablingthem to proceed further. National Bank for Agricultureand Rural Development (NABARD) would also beproviding 33% subsidy for setting up of dairy farms.

Dr. Hans had urged youngsters from SC category totake full advantage of the training programme as well asother schemes of the department and set up their ownbusinesses. He said selection of candidates during trainingand later for imparting benefits, will be carried out by mid-January 2020 at district-level offices.

INTERNATIONALnewsUS dairy industry suffering as Americansconsume less milkTHE US DAIRY INDUSTRY is under severe pressure as theconsumption habits of Americans are shifting.

Borden Dairy filed for bankruptcy protection, thesecond major US dairy to do so. Borden produces nearly500m gallons of milk each year for groceries, schoolsand others. It employs 3,300 people and runs 12 plantsacross the US.

American refrigerators are increasingly stockedwith juice, soda and milk substitutes made from soy or

40-crore dairy plant to come up at Sabbavaram‘LATEST TECHNOLOGY to ensure efficient cold storage andminimum use of power’ A dairy processing plant will beestablished by Creamline Dairy Products Limited(CDPL) with an investment of 40 crore. It is coming upat Sabbavaram near Visakhapatnam city.

The company, which produces milk and milkproducts such as curd, buttermilk and lassi under thebrand name ‘Godrej Jersey’, is a leading private dairyplayer in South India.

Visakhapatnam being the largest metropolis in theState, the new plant will help Godrej Jersey consolidateits market position. The plant will be equipped with thelatest technology for efficient cold storage and minimum

use of water and power. The machinery and variouscomponents of the processing lines have been imported.

“Milk is an easily available protein source and it canbe consumed in diverse ways to suit the taste buds. Thecommencement of our new dairy processing plant gives usan opportunity to meet the requirement of consumers inVishakhapatnam, East Godavari, Vizianagram andSrikakulam districts,” said the CEO.

Godrej Jersey procures milk from local farmers tooffer the best quality milk, curd and other dairy products.The facility is certified for ISO 22000 and FSSAI normsand industry best practices are followed to ensure that theproducts have best standards.

almonds. At the same time, protein bars, yogurts and otheron-the-go breakfasts have replaced a morning bowl ofcereal. That has hammered traditional milk producers likeBorden, which was founded in 1857.

The amount of liquid milk consumed per capita in theUS has tumbled more than 40% since 1975. Americansdrank around 24 gallons a year in 1996, according togovernment data. That dropped to 17 gallons in 2018.

As milk consumption has fallen, dairy farms have

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closed their doors. In court filings, Borden says 2,730 USdairy farms have gone out of business in the last 18 monthsalone. The remaining farms can command higher prices,but that pinches Borden, which can't charge consumersmore because of pressure from big competitors likeWalmart. Walmart opened its own milk processing plantin Indiana in 2018.

Despite numerous achievements during the past 18months, the company continues to be impacted by therising cost of raw milk and market challenges facing the

dairy industry. These challenges have contributed tomaking current level of debt unsustainable.

Borden tried to revive sales last year by relaunchingits iconic mascot Elsie, the smiling cow that first appearedon milk cartons in the 1930s. It also released new productslike gingerbread-flavored eggnog and Kid Builder, achildren's milk with higher levels of protein and calciumdesigned to compete with Fairlife, a trendy milk brandmade by Coca-Cola Co. Borden said sales rose, but notenough to offset broader trends in the industry.

Butter sales to grow, as demand for butterflavouring continues to riseTHE BUTTER MARKET has witnessed significant growth inthe past few years, and this growth will continuethroughout the forecast period (2019-2029). The globalbutter market is forecasted to grow at a steady CAGR(compound annual growth rate), and the value willroughly equate to about $39 billion by the end of 2029,with the rising demand for butter flavouring.

In addition to its use for flavouring in various ready-to-eat foods and drinks, butter continues to be anessential ingredients of cakes, cookies, wafers, andbiscuits. Processed food manufacturers, bakery chefs,and other snack food manufacturers are experimentingwith flavour profiles by infusing the inherent flavour ofbutter into a variety of products.

Organic butter is projected to gain more tractionduring the forecast period 2019-2029 due to the rise inhealth-conscious consumers. Among all regions, thegrowth of organic butter is anticipated to be high inEurope and North America due to the large health-conscious demographic. This has led buttermanufacturers to launch their products in these regionsto gain high revenue.

Lactalis S A, a leading dairy company of Europe, isoffering salted organic butter and unsalted organic butter.Big companies are acquiring organic products offeringfirms to add organic butter in their product portfolio. In2018, Arla Foods’ Amba (a leading company in the globaldairy industry) acquired Yeo Valley, one of the largestorganic butter and cheese brands in the UK.

The demand for white or unsalted butter is growingin the food processing industry due to the high demandfor buttery-flavoured snacks and cookies. As salted ortable butter cannot be used in the food processing industrydue to its high salt content, food processing companiesare incorporating unsalted butter in their food products toadd buttery flavours, thus boosting sales of unsalted butter.

The butter market in East Asia is witnessing steadygrowth driven by demand from an increasingly urbanisedpopulation with higher incomes. In 2018, China was thelargest importer of butter in East Asia as well as in theglobal market. China’s import grew by 16 per cent toabout 1,47,500 tonne in 2018. Manufacturers must identifyopportunities as the demand for organic butter has beenobserved to be on a higher side.

Children who drink whole milk less likely to be obeseTHE SYSTEMATIC REVIEW and meta-analysis, published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition led by St.Michael’s Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, found a 40% reduction in obesity and overweight rates in children whoconsumed full fat dairy milk. The researchers analyzed 28 studies from across seven countries focused on therelationship between drinking of cow’s milk and the risk of being overweight or obese. None of the studies — whichinvolved a total of 21,000 children between the ages of one and 18 years — showed that kids who drank reduced-fatmilk had a lower risk of being overweight or obese. Eighteen of the 28 studies suggested children who drank wholemilk were less likely to be overweight or obese. The fat in milk provides calories for young children, and also containsessential vitamins. But for older children and adults, it is a good idea to go for lower fat milks because having too muchfat in your diet can result in you becoming overweight. If you are trying to cut down on fat, try swapping to 1% fat orskimmed milk, as these still contain the important nutritional benefits of milk, but are lower in fat.