SUMMER TRAINING REPORT ON INDIAN TELEPHONE INDUSTRY 1

COMPANY PROFILE

India’s first Public Sector Unit (PSU) - ITI Ltd was established in 1948. Ever since, as a

pioneering venture in the field of telecommunications, it has contributed to 50% of the

present national telecom network. With state-of-the-art manufacturing facilities spread

across six locations and a countrywide network of marketing/service outlets, the company

offers a complete range of telecom products and total solutions covering the whole

spectrum of Switching, Transmission, Access and Subscriber Premises equipment.

ITI joined the league of world class vendors of Global System for Mobile (GSM)

technology with the inauguration of mobile equipment manufacturing facilities at its

Mankapur and Rae Bareli Plants in 2005-06. This ushered in a new era of indigenous

mobile equipment production in the country. These two facilities supply more than nine

million lines per annum to both domestic as well as export markets.

The company is consolidating its diversification into Information and Communication

Technology (ICT) to hone its competitive edge in the convergence market by deploying

its rich telecom expertise and vast infrastructure. Network Management Systems,

Encryption and Networking Solutions for Internet Connectivity are some of the major

initiatives taken by the company.

BASIC INFORMATION:

General Manager : Shri K.L. Dhingra

Establishment : 1948

Website : http://www.itiltd-india.com

Total number of staff :8594

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Company’s Mission

To retain leadership in manufacturing and supply of new technology telecom products

and also to regain status of top turnkey solution provider.

Quality Policy

ITI is committed to provide competitive & reliable products, solutions, & services.

• Multi-locational state-of-the-art electronic assembly & component manufacturing

facilities accredited with ISO 9001:2000

• Multi-locational ISO 14001 :2004 Environmental Management System certified

plants First Indian company to manufacture BTS & other infra products for

GSM / WiMAX

• Countrywide marketing and customer care centers

• In-house R&D for absorption of technology, indigenous development of products

for in-house manufacturing

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Share of ITI to National Telecom Network

1948-2008

Fig 1: Share of ITI to National Telecom

Highlights

• Telecom pioneers in India

Contributed 50% to the existing

national telecom network.

• High impact turnkey specialist

• Dependable Integrated Logistics

Support (ILS)

• Strong in-house R&D

• Multi-locational state-of-the-art

electronic assembly & component

manufacturing facilities accredited

with ISO 9001:2000

• Multi-locational ISO 14001:2004

Environmental Management System

certified plants.

• First Indian company to manufacture

BTS & other infra products for GSM

/WiMAX

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INFRASTRUCTURE

• In-house Research & Development

• Network System Unit capable of undertaking turnkey jobs

• Self contained component evaluation centre

• Fully automated assembly lines

• In circuit tester (ICT)

• Modern Chemical, Metallurgical Labs

• Mechanical fabrication/Machine shops with modern CNC machines

• Moulding & Die casting

• Full fledged state of the art tool rooms

• SMT (Surface mount technology)

• Environmental testing

• Component approval center approved by BSNL

FACILITIES

• PCB manufacturing facilities

• Mechanical Fabrication / Machine Shop with modern CNC machines and Finishing shop

• Card assembly and Testing including Incircuit tester

• SMT Line

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• Plastic Injection Technology

• Through-Hole Component Assembly

• Manufacturing facilities for Mechanical items

• Fabrication of Towers and Shelters for GSM

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RESOURCES:

Dedicated Network Systems Unit (Bangalore, New Delhi, Kolkata, Bhopal, Ambala) . State-of-

the-art Manufacturing Plants (Bangalore, Mankapur, Rae Bareli, Naini, Palakkad, Srinagar) .

R&D Centre

SMPS: Fabrication of 100 A - 150A Power Plants with 25A base Module for GSM. Fabrication

of 200A-3000A' Power Plants with 100A base Modules for telecom installation

PRODUCTS:

Cellular Mobile Infrastructure- GSM, WLL-CDMA

Switching-OCB-283, ISDN EPABX, IP-TAX, SSTP. Transmission- Satellite, Optical,

Microwave, VHF/UHF. Broadband Equipment-ADSL, WiMAX, G-PON, EDWAS. Customer

Premises Equipment-IFWT, ADSL Modem, CLI Phones. GSM-FCT (Fixed Cellular Telephone),

WiMAX CPE

SERVICES:

Systems Integration - Telecom, IT. Shared Hub V -SAT Services. Customer Care Service.

Installation & Commissioning of Telecom Equipment like GSM, CDMA, MLLN, Microwave,

Optical Fiber, etc. Pre-warranty & Post-warranty maintenance services for all Products/Projects.

Services for all products/projects. Enterprise businesses like Data Centers etc

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There are four major departments of ITI Limited which are accessible to In-Plant

Trainees. These are as follows:

1. Telephone Defense Product (TDP)

• Assembling Section, Soldering Section, Telephone Section

2. Switching Access Product (SAP)

• SMT Line, PCB Plant, OCB-CSN Testing

3. Research & Development (R&D)

• Wireless Lab, Terminal Equipment Development, Access Products, DSP LAB,

CAD/PCB Design, Chemical Lab, SCADA, Power Supply Lab, LAN,

Reliability Engineering Lab

4. Information Technology(IT)

• Customer Interaction, Data Base, Information KIOSKE

These all above mentioned sections are discussed in detail in future chapters.

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1. TDP (Telephone Defence Products)

The TDP section in ITI mainly deals with the manufacturing of telephone and related equipments

for communication and defence purposes. A demonstration of various telephones and

multiplexing equipments in defence area was given to us.

PCM MUX

PCM MUX multiplexes signals and controls different voice channels or data channels using

different cards. Mainly there are three types of cards embedded in the PCM MUX. These are:

1. Voice/Data cards

2. Signaling cards

3. Power cards

Each voice card can handle 6 channels. Totals 30 channels are handled. So there are 5 voice

cards in total. This was the earlier configuration. Each signaling card can handle 3 channels.

Power cards handle the distribution of -48V to inputs. Outputs are taken through Motherboard. In

addition to these cards, we have an MDX card (MUX and DMUX) which is optional, CTRL card

which is the heart of MUX for generating alarms and controlling signaling. There are some

extension cards also for taking outputs. Outputs are taken through a tag block.

The different alarms are used for:

1. LOS (Loss of Signals)

2. A1S (All 1’s)

3. SYS (Synchronization)

4. FEF (Fore End Failure)

5. Errors (Some error indication)

6. CEN (Correction Enable)

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7. BSY or Normal (Indicates busy)

Now these cards are used as data cards for ATM data transfer. It is the cheapest way of data

transfer. Each data card can handle 6 channels or 6 ATM’s. Data transfer is bi-directional. In

ATM data transfer, in every 250ms, data from ATM’s are transferred to local exchanges and

from there to Bombay exchange. From there data is updated and sent back. If MDX is not used, a

cost difference of 23,000 will occur.

Data cards have discrete components which are mounted manually. The required components are

distributed from main store to sub stores. From there assembling is done. Then it goes to

soldering section. During these procedures the card will undergo number of inspections

manually. Then the card is subjected to testing and is checked to see whether it can with stand

high temperatures. For this the card is kept at 50oC for 72 hours. Similarly the card is checked

under extreme temperature conditions from -20 oC to 75 oC. Only those cards which can

withstand these worse conditions will pass the test and was further proceed to final fabrication

steps. The cards are also checked for some parameters like gain, QD tone, impedance, cross talk

etc. For data cards only gain and QD tone needs to be checked. These parameters are checked for

each transmit and receive channels and after checking, the number is increased in the display. If

failure is detected, the checking stops at that channels number. There is a reverse protection

circuitry which protects the system in case the power supply connection is reversed.

Assembling section: Here the components are assembled and soldering of some components is

done. A form is given to each person engaged in assembling who enters the card number of all

the cards which they are assembling. The card is then sent for soldering, then to the inspection

section. During inspection if any mistake is identified, the card is again sent back to the same

person who assembled that card.

Soldering Section: Soldering is done in a big chamber. First assembled cards are mounted on

racks and then passed through the chamber via a belt. In the chamber solid flux and lead are

melted. As the cards move, initially the melted flux touches the components leads. Then the

melted lead touches the component lead and soldering takes place. Pipes are present to take away

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the exhaust gases. After soldering, the cards are sent for testing for shorts, shorts are rectified and

then sent for inspection.

Telephones Section: The two basic needs in telephone or voice communication is, first to alert

the person about a call, and secondly, a provision to speak.

In 1876, Graham Bell invented the first telephone. The first telephone was a magneto telephone

which supported only one to one communication. It had a 3-wired hand generator which is

rotated to give a ring to indicate that a call is coming from a specified person. As soon as the

hand set is picked, communication is established. It can establish communication over 40 Kms.

Such telephones are seen in railway stations. This telephone could be modified as one to many

and also distance over which the communication can be established could be improved.

Next came the central battery system. Battery means number of telephones centrally connected.

This was a manually operated exchange. So if a person wants to dial to another person, the

connection is established by an operator. So the main drawback was that there is no secrecy in

communication. Also it takes a lot of time and chances or error is more since accuracy depends

on the operators. This telephone was a luxury item.

Next came automatic telephones and automatic exchange without man operator. These are

electromechanical telephones with rotary dials. In mechanical type, we have pulse mode of dial.

In this we have a pulse spring and shunt spring. Shunt spring is to avoid continuous transmission

of pulses for the adjacent two numbers; i.e. to

differentiate between the pulses for two numbers

dialed one after the other.

Fig 2: Rotary dial rear view

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