Lean Six Sigma: A Literature Review

1

Lean Six Sigma: A Literature Review

Narender Kumar1, S. K. Jarial2, M. S. Narwal3

1Research Scholar, 2, 3Professor

Mechanical Engineering Department

Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science& Technology Murthal, Sonepat (India)

Abstract

This work reviews the published literaturewhich is related to Lean Six Sigma from 2012 to 2019.

The method includes is the review study of 247 papers related to Lean Six Sigma from renowned

database searches including Science Direct, IEEE, Emerald Insight, Taylor and Francis Group,

Springer, ASME, and Google Scholars. This workcontains the results from different perspectives

such as Focus Area, Focus Industry, Focus Country, Focus Publisher, Year Wise Publications

and Year Wise Focus Area and Focus Industry. The review of the literature found that Lean Six

Sigma is mostly implemented in the Manufacturing and Health industry. Research on LSS is on

fundamental stage. Lean six sigma frameworks in Military or Defense organizationbecause this

sector is very important for all country today. In this sector, Quality is the must with. All country

spends a lot of expenditure on this sector. We can save some money from this sector and utilize

in-country growth and infrastructure. So we need both quality and cost reduction. Lean Six

Sigma can do this. There is less research work on LSS in Textile sector and food sector. This is

also an economical beneficial sector for the country like India. There are some other sectors

lacking in implementation of LSS like Transport, Automotive, Construction,

Telecommunication, Electronics, Natural gas and oil exporting.

Keywords:LSS (Lean Six Sigma)

1. Introduction

Lean Six sigma is a combination of renowned waste elimination and process improvement

techniques Lean Manufacturing and Six Sigma.Spector R. (2006) says that LSS is veryeffective

in process improvement it is broadly implemented in the top performing organizations. It came

from the manufacturing environment and found its way to services. Ronald D. Snee (2010)

defines LSS as a well-designed concept based methodology to increase performances, develop

effective leadership, customer satisfaction.Jointly lean manufacturing and Six Sigma become

more powerful. It applies the tools and techniques of both Lean manufacturing and Six Sigma.

Juran (1989) suggests that improvement is attained only through projects. LSS is applied through

Champions, Master Black Belts, Black Belts, and Green Belts same like Six Sigma.

2. Methodology

The literature review is a common method to examine thoroughly different approaches of

thetopic to be studied.A structured approach was adopted to search the published literature

regarding Lean Six Sigma. It involved searches from the well-known research databases like

IEEE, Emerald Insight, Google scholar, Science direct, Taylor and Francis Group, Springer, and

ASME. The literature search is narrow to the English language only. We found total 115 articles

very related to lean Six Sigma. The criteria forselection of the papers include that the publication

must have LSS or Lean and six sigma combined applied. The search years included is from 2012

to March 2019 because Zhang Q (2012) has done this work from 2000 to 2011. This work results

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were sorted out as Industry focused, the area focused, year wise publications, year wise focus

area and industry, country wise research on Lean Six Sigma. These work results were sorted out

as publishers wise and journal wise also because Yadav G (2016) has included.Data collected,

analyzed and the results are presented in graphical.

3. Results

Figure 1 shows the focus area of implementation of LSS mainly has beenthe development of

framework or model, Implementation, Critical success factor, integration, Quality improvement,

Reduction in waiting time, cost reduction, Tools, and Technique.There is still needed to work on

safety improvement, maintenance, Advance E-learning, leadership, innovation, Sustainability,

Critical failure factors, barriers, product development, Readiness factors.A number of papers

have straightforwardly focused on the quality of the product using the LSS methodologies.

Literature shows that LSS has not always benefited the organizations but there are some failure

cases. In some of the papers causes of failure has been identified. Culture wise investigations of

failure causes are still needed.

Fig 1.Lean six sigma: focus area wise

Figure 2 shows that LSS research is indifference to developed and developing countries.

According to Zhang Q (2012),USA is the leader in LSS related research following is the UK. But

from the year 2012 to 2019 India did high work on LSS.There is less research in Italy, Germany,

Norway, Spain, Turkey, Arab countries, France, African countries, Taiwan, Singapore,

Indonesia, Canada, Serbia on Lean Six Sigma.



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Fig 2.Lean Six Sigma Country Wise

Figure 3 shows that the research and implementation on Lean Six Sigma in publication started at

2012. Much research has been done in 2017 nearly 81 publications.

Fig 3.Lean Six Sigma Year Wise

Figure 4 shows that the Lean Six Sigma is mainly implemented in the Manufacturing sector,

Health sector. Manufacturing sector includes Home Furnishing manufacturing, Tyre

manufacturing company, Cylinder Frame manufacturing, Panel equipment manufacturer,

Electronics Manufacture, Welding wire manufacturing, rotary switches manufacturing, Bolts

manufacturer. Health sector basically includes Hospitals, pharmaceutical, clinics. LSS has been

implemented in SME, Service sector, Higher education and library, banking. LSS has been

proved fairlyeffectual in SME organization. There is need of lot work on Textile, Housing,

Charitable Organization, Automotive, Automobile, Natural gas and oil exporting, Iron ores,

construction, Telecommunication, Transport, Electronics, Government organization like

Defense.

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Fig 4.Lean Six Sigma Industry Wise

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Figure 5 shows that Emerald Insight is on top for publishing research work on LSS and following is the Taylor and Francis group.

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Fig 5.Lean Six Sigma Publishers Wise

Table 1 Shows that International Journal of Lean Six Sigma published more papers on LSS.

Table 1 Industry Wise Focus Area

Industry Focus Area

Manufacturing Development of Framework, Integration, Implementation, Product Development, Value

Improvement Model for Repetitive Process, Critical Success factor, Barriers, Cost Reduction,

Process Improvement, Tools and Technique, Challenges, Identify gap, Quality Improvement,

Modify Maintenance Strategies.

Healthcare Implementation, Inventory Quality Control, Improve Patient care, Safety Improvement,

LINMAP (Linear Programming Technique for Multidimensional Analysis of Preference),

Development of Framework, E-Health Reference Architecture, Reducing Patient Waiting

Time in OPD (Outpatient Department), Simulation, Improve Patient flow,Reducing Cost,

Sustainability,Decrease Operative Complications, Improve Operating Theatre Efficiency,

Reducing Cycle Time,Improvement in Turn-Time, Physician Downtime, On-Time Patient

Arrival, Eliminating Process Delay and Failure, Reduce Variability, Improve

Workflow,Tardiness Reduction.

SME Enterprise Transformation, Development of Framework, Simulation, Critical Success Factor,

Barriers, Implementation, Challenges, Integration, Improve Sustainability performance, Cost

Reduction.

Service Sector Leadership, Value Improvement Model for Repetitive Process, Critical Success Factors,

Improve Sustainability Performance, Cost Reduction, Integration, Development of

Framework.

Higher Education

and Library

Advance E-Learning, Critical Success Factor, Barriers, Tool, and Techniques, Reveal

Readiness Factors, Innovation, Quality Improvement, Improve Ratio of Admission to

Placements,Process Improvement, Cultural Changes, Investigation in BusinessSchool

Curriculum, Implementation, Improve Quality of Documentation for Accreditation.

Banking, Finance,

and Marketing

Development of Framework, Improve Investment Behavior, Analysis, Optimization, Rejects

Reduction, Stakeholder Management Model.

Aerospace and

Airline

Critical Success Factors, Failure Facture,Improvement to the Freight Management,

Implementation, Integration, Employees Factors.

IT, Computer and

Printing

Implementation, Software maintenance, KanoLeanSixSigmamodel(KLSS).

Transport Quality Improvement, Modify maintenance Strategies, Employees factors.

Telecommunication Development of Framework, Improvement in flexibility, Robustness, Agility, Integration.

Construction Development of Framework, Integration, Green, Process Improvement, QualityImprovement,

Modify maintenance Strategies, Reduce welding defects.

Automobile Quality Improvement, Modify maintenance Strategies, Barriers, Product development.

Electronics Forecasting the manufacturing cost, (SSM) Soft system methodology, Critical Success

factors, Cost Reduction.

Natural gas and oil

exporting

Improve quality in maintenance records, Improved IT application, Development of

framework, Improve performance.

Iron Ores Industry Improve the manufacturing process capability, reduction of ship loading commercial time.

Non-Profit

Organization

Implementation, Tool, and Techniques.

Military Quality Management of Equipment maintenance.

Textile Quality Management, ISO, Improve Sustainability performance, Integration, Cost reduction.

Automotive

Industry

Critical Success factors.

Housing Quality Improvement, Modify maintenance Strategies.

MNC Critical Success Factors, Failure Factors.

Cucumber

Packaging Factory

Analyzing and improving the sorting, packaging and delivery operations.

Flue gas Emission Integration, Pollution reduction.

Plastics Socio-Economic approach to management (SEAM), Development of Framework.



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thermoforming

Table 2 Country wise Focus Industry and Focus Area

Country Focus Industry Focus Area

India Manufacturing,

SME, Textile,

Healthcare,

Higher Education,

Automobile,

Retail Bank, IT,

Oil Exporting.

Implementation, Integration, Development of Model, DOLADMAICS

(Deficiency Overcoming Lean Anchorage Define Measure Analysis Improve

Control Stabilize), ISO, Quality Management System (QMS), L6QMS-2008

model, Reducing Patient Waiting time in OPD (outpatient department),

Supply Chain, Reducing cycle time, Enterprise Transformation, Improve ratio

of admission to placements, Comparison, Barriers, Product development,

Rejects reduction, Lean Six Sigma Awareness (LSSA), Software

maintenance, KanoLeanSixSigmamodel(KLSS), Improve performance.

USA Healthcare,

Higher Education,

Home Furnishing

Manufacturing,Co

nstruction,Finance

, Plastics

Thermoforming.

Improvement in Turn-Time, Physician Downtime, On-Time Patient arrival,

On-Time Physician arrival, Advance E-Learning, Implementation, multi-

attribute utility theory (MAUT), Safety Improvement, Improve Patient care,

Agile Software Development using Hybrid simulation, Development of

Framework, Integration, Green, Process Improvement, reducing cost,

Sustainability, Reduce welding defects, Enterprise Transformation,

Innovation, Quality improvement, process improvement, cultural changes, ,

improve investment behavior, socio-economic approach to management

(SEAM).

UK Service Sector,

Manufacturing,

Higher Education,

Healthcare, SME,

Aerospace, Iron

Ores.

Value Improvement Model for Repetitive Process, Critical Success factor,

Barriers, Tool, and Techniques, Identify gap, Cost Reduction, Critical failure

factors,Decrease operative complications, improve operating theater

efficiency, Reveal Readiness factors, investigation in businessschool

curriculum, Implementation, Integration,reduction of ship loading commercial

time.

Brazil Healthcare,

Natural Gas,

Manufacturing,

Oil Industry.

Inventory Quality Control, Patient care, Improve quality in maintenance

records, Comparison, Development of model,Improve IT application,

comparison, Tardiness reduction, process improvement.

Malaysia Manufacturing,

Electronics,

Automotive,Printi

ng, SME.

Development of Framework, Integration, Critical Success Factors, Cost

Reduction, Implementation, Operator efficiency improvement.

Portugal Telecommunicati

on, SME,

Manufacturing.

Project Management Improvement Model, Development of Framework,

Integration, Ergonomics, Reduction of production cost, ISO.

Sweden Manufacturing,

SME,

Telecommunicati

on.

Product Development, Barriers, Improvement in flexibility, Robustness,

Agility.

China Military. Quality Management of Equipment maintenance, Process Improvement, Tool

and Technique, RAHP (Rough AHP), Simulation.

Australia Banking,

Telecommunicati

on, Healthcare.

Success factor, Development of Framework, Improve Patient flow.

African

Country

Manufacturing,

SME,Cucumber

Packaging

Factory, Service.

Critical Success factors, Challenges, Analyzing and Improving the Sorting,

Packaging and Delivery Operations.

Saudi

Arabia

Higher Education. Implementation, Process Improvement, Improve Quality of Documentation

for Accreditation.

Morocco SME, Service, Development of Framework, Integration, Improve Sustainability



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Textile. Performance, Cost Reduction.

Netherlands SME,

Manufacturing.

Critical Success factor, and Barriers, Implementation.

France Healthcare,

Finance.

Need of Implementation, Analysis, Optimization.

Greece Airline, Service

Sector.

Critical success factors, failure factors.

Singapore Aircraft Spare

Management,

Healthcare.

Improvement to the Freight management, Waiting time Reduction,

Simulation.

Thailand SME, MNC. Enterprise Transformation, Development of Framework, Simulation, Critical

Success factor, failure factors.

Taiwan Non-Profit

Organization,

Electronics.

Implementation, Tool, and Techniques,Forecasting the manufacturing cost,

Soft system methodology(SSM).

Romania Service Sector. Leadership.

Egypt Manufacturing. Development of Framework, Integration.

Algeria Transport,

Housing,

Automobile,

Manufacturing

industry,

Construction.

Quality Improvement, Modify maintenance Strategies.

UAE Engineering

Company.

Process Improvement, Design Framework, Implementation.

Serbia Aerospace,

Transport.

Employee’s factors.

Macedonia Service. A Multi-Factor Integrated Framework, Factors affecting.

Indonesia Iron Ores

Industry.

Improve the manufacturing process capability.

Canada Healthcare. Reduce variability, Improve workflow.

Iran Healthcare. LINMAP (Linear Programming technique for Multidimensional Analysis of

Preference), Development of Framework, e-Health reference architecture.

Turkey Flue gas

Emission.

Integration, Pollution reduction.

Spain Electronics. Analysis of LSSF for improvement in Logistics services.

Germany Healthcare. Eliminating process delay and Failure.

Italy Healthcare. Integration.

Norway Process

Industries.

Closed Loop Tolerance Engineering (CLTE), Process Improvement, Tools

and Technique.

4. Conclusions

The research work on Lean Six Sigma is on the initial stage. Lean Six Sigma has been equally

beneficial both for manufacturing or service concerns and Large or small scale organizations. It

is rathervaluable for different industries with little modifications as per industry requirement. It is

suggested to research on Textile, Housing, Charitable Organization, Automotive, Automobile,

Natural gas and oil exporting, Iron ores, construction, Telecommunication, transport, Electronics,

Government organization like Defense for implementation of LSS where the financial ability is a

barrier.

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