Maritime Infrastructure Heritage Project Stage Two: Geelong (Report of Regional Landscape...

Maritime Infrastructure Heritage Project

Stage Two: Geelong

Report to Heritage Victoria

Brad Duncan June 2004

(with updates to May 2006)

Maritime Infrastructure Project:

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A pilot project was initiated by Heritage Victoria in 2003 to identify maritime infrastructure sites of heritage significance along the Victorian coastline. The project was initiated after the loss of or disturbance to several maritime heritage sites within recent years. The heritage significance of these types of sites had not previously been systematically investigated. The project aimed to collate an inventory of Victorian Historic Maritime Infrastructure sites to allow the location, identification, management, utilisation and interpretation of these sites and features, including: piers, jetties, wharves, anchorages, navigational aids and structures, shipbuilding facilities, bathing and recreational amenities, and other maritime related services. Short histories and/ or site inspections were undertaken of those places identified as of potential cultural significance under the terms of the Victorian Heritage Act 1995. Previous archaeological and heritage studies of maritime infrastructure sites were examined for assessing potential archaeological signatures of these site types, and to establish the scope of possible site types that might be encountered. Over 255 new sites were identified during Stage One of the project, and more sites continue to be identified. Stage Two concentrated predominantly on the western area of Corio Bay encapsulated by Point Henry and Point Lillias, which was commonly known as the Inner Harbour. Experience from Stage One suggested that high numbers of sites would be encountered along the foreshore region, which proved to be correct. For this reason, inspection of sites was limited predominantly to the foreshore edge and the first street adjacent to the foreshore. Due to time constraints in completing the project, major site histories have not been outlined for the region north of the area around Corio Quay, but this information has been collected and is available in the respective site files. Site significance assessment was limited to the site’s consideration within a number of regional historic maritime themes, along with any consideration of any specific significant associated circumstances. Potential sites were identified using contemporary historic archival sources, previous heritage studies, existing databases, aerial imagery and local community consultation. A GIS database of identified historic maritime infrastructure was created and used to manage the project data. The archaeological potential of the study area was considered in relation to the environmental and cultural history of the region, and approximately 90% of identified historic sites over 35km of coastal and river frontage were inspected from the shore or by boat. Sites were recorded photographically, and a GPS coordinates were taken and later entered into a GIS format. The study identified 138 new maritime heritage sites, ranging from cargo transferral structures such as piers, jetties and wharves; recreational and bathing facilities; shipbuilding amenities; navigational and harbour infrastructure; defence networks; aquaculture farms; prison ship moorings; and land reclamation areas. Inspections revealed many maritime infrastructure sites demonstrate archaeological signatures, most of which were evident in the intertidal/ littoral/ shallow water zones, or have


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been buried by land reclamation projects. Where sites related to the same facility were identified, they have been included together under the same Heritage Inventory number to alleviate processing time. A number of sites threatened by development have been identified. It should be noted that further work is required in this region, and that the list of sites identified here is not exhaustive. Stage One (Duncan, 2004) identified that riverine, estuary and lake regions are also rich sources of maritime infrastructure heritage sites. During the course of this study at least two dozen potential sites associated with noxious industries, river crossings and breakwaters, and recreational facilities were identified, but have not been investigated further. These sites are predominantly on the Barwon and Moorabool Rivers, and at Lake Connewarre. A systematic project to identify and document these and other sites is recommended. The significance of the identified archaeological sites was considered using several key thematic maritime themes relating to transport, port and harbour development, defence, maritime safety infrastructure, recreation, vessel production and maintenance, along with other regional archaeological observations. A brief regional synthesis of the archaeological significance of the sites relating to broad maritime themes has been presented, but this report should be read in conjunction with Stachan’s (2000) Geelong and Barnard’s (2003) state-wide maritime thematic studies. Recommendations for future projects and heritage management strategies are proposed, including the expansion of the project to investigate maritime infrastructure sites state-wide. Recommendations include:

1. Seven sites for potential listing on the Heritage Register

2. The extension of four existing Heritage Listed sites to incorporate significant associated maritime infrastructure

3. Two proposed Maritime Heritage Precincts

4. The addition of 138 new sites for Heritage Inventory

5. Extension of the study area to examine historic maritime infrastructure state-

wide.

6. The appointment of a Maritime Infrastructure Officer to manage this resource

7. The inclusion of maritime infrastructure site in Local and Regional Government Planning Schemes, and that other relevant government agencies and statutory bodies be informed of the significance of these sites

8. Further investigation is required for the Barwon River, Moorabool River and

Lake Connewarre Regions, and that rivers, creeks and streams should also be investigated in further studies

9. Continuation of the Maritime Infrastructure Steering Committee, and the

expansion of the committee to include other interested stakeholders


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10. The investigation of cooperative joint research and/or data sharing projects

with governmental agencies, educational institutions, private organisations and individuals, and possible joint funding ventures.

11. The establishment of a State/ National Dictionary/ Database of Standardised

Maritime Infrastructure Terminology

12. Investigate the use of interpretive maritime infrastructure heritage trails to

increase public awareness of the resource

13. The investigation of the establishment of a community Oral History Collection relating to maritime infrastructure and use.

14. Further investigate the use of GIS and historic plans to identify other maritime

heritage sites

15. Investigate/ include non-foreshore maritime infrastructure not addressed in this project due to geographic study limitations

16. An historian should be included in any further research phases of this project,

and/ or additional time be allocated for historical research prior to the archaeological investigation phase of the project.


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many people have contributed to the success of this study. Special thanks goes to Jim Anderson and Lyall Mills, who formed the volunteer backbone of the field team during diving operations, and spent many hours as tour guides pointing out sites. I am also greatly indebted to the Geelong Heritage Centre Staff, Cheryl, Max and Dr Jennifer Lewis, for their ongoing assistance with researching the histories for most of the sites. Mike Trickey (Ford Discovery Centre), The Geelong Maritime Museum, and Judy Scurfield (State Library of Victoria) also provided access to their photographic and chart collections. Many members of the Maritime Archaeological Association of Victoria shared their knowledge of underwater sites and assisted with onsite surveys, including Jim Anderson, Lyall Mills, Peter Taylor, James Parkinson, and Malcolm Venturoni. Craig Elstone, (Commercial Diver) provided information of underwater sites around Williamstown. The following people kindly shared their personal historical knowledge and recollections of sites in the study area and/or assisted with onsite access: Jim Anderson (Maritime Archaeological Association of Victoria) Peter Alsop (Geelong Historical Society) Jeffrey Brooks (Avalon College) Don Campbell (Geelong Maritime Museum) Rob Craddock (Geelong Historical Society) Rod Driscol (Manager, Royal Geelong Yacht Club Rod Duncan (Planner, DSE Geelong) Bill Ethyl (Western Beach Boat Club) Capt. Chris Gordon (Former Geelong Harbour Commissioner, National Trust Geelong) Fergus Hamilton (Geelong Historical Society) Dale Jennings (North Shore Residents Group) Les Kee (Cheethams Saltworks, Lara) Kevin Krastins (Geelong City Council) Graham Matthews, Shack 13 Avalon Beach Fishing Village Lyall Mills (Maritime Archaeological Association of Victoria) Shirley Strachan (Dept. of Communities) Bill Trueman (Truemarine) Kim Bellfield and Lynn Gray kindly provided office space at the Geelong DSE offices. Fiona Weaver, Mike McCarthy and Adam Wolfe provided reports and background regarding previous maritime infrastructure projects. Many thanks go to the Project Steering Committee for their valuable advice and guidance. The committee members were: Peter Harvey, Patrick Miller, Ivar Nelsen, Francis O’Neil, Jeremy Smith, and Ray Supple. Finally many regards go to the members of the Maritime Heritage Unit, who assisted with all aspects of the project including proof reading, fieldwork, historical research and advice. Apologies to anyone I have missed.


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FIGURES 3. ARCHAEOLOGY OF AUSTRALIAN MARITIME INFRASTRUCTURE: PREVIOUS STUDIES Figure 3-1:

4. METHODOLOGY Figure 4.1-1: 5. RESULTS

Figure 5.1-1:


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GLOSSARY OF TERMS All definitions are derived from the Oxford Companion to Ships and the Sea (Kemp, 1992), The International Maritime Dictionary (De Kerchove, 1961) and the Oxford Reference Dictionary (Pearsall and Trumble, 1996). It should be noted that maritime terminology varies widely with geographical location. The terms outlined here are those identified from historical sources and others used by the author to classify sites in this study, and may have different meanings in other world regions. For instance, the word Pier has many connotations worldwide, and is used predominantly in England to specify a structure built to extend available terrestrial space and was used mainly for promenading and recreational use (Kemp, 1992: 647). In the USA, a pier is a structure or jetty providing shelter to a river harbour or a projecting quay or wharf running at an angle to the shoreline to provide a landing for cargo and passenger transferral (De Kerchov, 1961: 580). In Victoria, a pier is a large structure that projects into the sea that was used to berth vessels. In other states around Australia, these structures would have been termed jetties (eg Garrat, 1994). For this study, the terms pier or jetty was used whenever specifically mentioned in historical accounts, and the definitions were used from below when no specific name was found for the structure. It should also be noted that where specific construction details were not available for the structure, the term pier was used where the structure was substantial (over 30m long), or jetty was used where the structure was under 30m long. Ballast: Heavy material placed in the lowest section of a vessel to maintain proper stability when not carrying a commercial cargo (De Kerchove, 1961:36). Ballast can consist of stone, sand, iron or other metals, pebbles or water. Ballast Mound: The remnants of the ballast carried by a vessel. Ballast mounds are found in situ on shipwrecks, or are created when thrown overboard from a vessel either when stranded or when loading a substitute cargo Bathing Box: A small shed initially used as a dressing facility before swimming. Later bathing boxes were simply fixed beach shacks used as changerooms and to store any possessions associated with use of the beach, and were usually privately owned. Bathing Structure: Any enclosed structure used for recreational swimming purposes. These include hot water and sea baths, bathing boxes, bathing sheds, change rooms, and bathing pavilions. Bathing Machine: A similar structure to a bathing box, used for changing into swimming costumes, but mounted on wheels so the wagon could be rolled into the water. Early bathing machines were often were fitted with small hinged enclosures that could be lowered into the water as a protective fence from marine animals. Baths: A building with baths or a swimming pool open to the public, although early to mid nineteenth century baths often were only fenced swimming enclosures. Early baths were segregated by sex, and some had multiple individual bathing enclosures. Mid to late nineteenth century bathing enclosures consisted of large horseshoe shaped pavilions housing change rooms which extended over the water, and in conjunction with an outer fence, provided enclosed swimming facilities.


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Bethel Ship: Local Victorian term used to signify a vessel converted into a floating Mission to Seaman anchored in Hobsons Bay during the gold rush to prevent desertion ashore but continue religious services. Beacon: A conspicuous mark used by mariners to aid safe navigation through unfamiliar waters. Beacons were situated either on land (eg stake, lighthouse, tower, church spire etc), or were piles, stakes driven into the seafloor or buoys moored over shoal water (De Kerchove, 1961:49). Beaching: Local term used by residents in the Maribyrnong Region to describe the stone embankment placed on the Maribyrnong River as a flood control measure to regulate the river’s course in the 1930’s (Somerville, pers comms). Bond Store/ Bonded Warehouse: Public or privately owned warehouses, where goods attracting customs duties can be held until the customs duties owing are paid. Owners of private facilities were required to pay a bond as indemnity in case the goods were removed without paying customs duties (De Kerchove, 1961: 82). These facilities were popular as they allowed importers and merchants to avoid paying the customs duties before the goods were sold, and were even sometimes paid for by the buyer. Buoy: A floating object used predominantly to help mariners determine the navigable limits of channels and their fairways, and to identify submerged dangers and hazards such as wrecks, mined or torpedo grounds, telegraph cables. Early buoys were made of barrels or logs, with later buoys made of iron, steel, concrete or plastic, which were attached o the seafloor via an anchor and chain. Buoys are also used for everyday use by mariners to mark locations of anchors, fishing tackle etc. Lightship keepers use watch buoys to determine if their vessels were drifting off station (De Kerchove, 1961:107; Kemp, 1992: 120). Channel: The deeper part of a river, bay or estuary that is suitable for navigation (De Kerchove, 1961:140). Compass Adjusting / Compass Swinging: Deviation is the error in compass readings caused by a vessel’s own residual magnetism. To ascertain the magnitude of these errors, a compass would be adjusted or “swung” using a series of predefined lead marks along which a vessel could steer known magnetic bearings. Small corrector magnets were then placed at appropriate places around the ship’s compass housing (the binnacle) to neutralise the effects of the vessel’s own magnetic field on the compass readings (Kemp, 1992: 852). Compass Adjusting /Swinging Buoys: A set of five buoys provided to assist a vessel for turning in a circle for compass adjustment or swinging. The buoys area arranged so that they are in line with magnetic range transit markers ashore. The ships head was tied to the central large buoy (the swinging buoy), which served as the centre of the circle, and four smaller buoys each anchored at a cardinal point of the compass (eg North, South, East and West) were used to swing the ship’s stern around by means of a stern line, thus enabling the vessel to calculate and compensate for magnetic deviation on four different magnetic directions or courses (De Kerchove, 1961: 812).


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Customs Duties: Taxes imposed by the government upon the importation and exportation of certain goods. These charges were levied as a means of revenue collection for the country/ settlement (De Kerchove, 1961:193). Customs House/ Tent: The office or place at a port at which customs duties are levied, and goods sometime held pending collection of customs duties (Pearsall and Trumble, 1996: 351). Degaussing Range: During WWII, the magnetic field of an iron ship was used to detonate magnetic mines when a vessel passed above. An instrument called a degaussing range was used to removal the magnetic signature of an iron ships, thereby allowing it to proceed through areas suspected of containing magnetic mines. Spread over an area of around 1000m long, degaussing ranges consisted of a series of copper coils inside copper tubes, through which a current was passed to create a magnetic field. When a ship passed over the top of this instrument, it neutralised or changed its magnetic signature (Kemp, 1992: 238; DoN- NO: 609/75; MHTC, 819/42 - BLC). Dock: An artificial basin provided with suitable installations for cargo transferral from floating vessels. The area of water in a port or harbour totally enclosed (on three sides) by piers or wharves. It is sometime loosely used to refer to the wharf structures themselves, and in the USA refers wharves and not the water. A dock may also provide access to rivers, streams etc, and may be connected to a lock structures for access further upstream (De Kerchove, 1961: 228; Kemp, 1992: 225). Dock Gates: Gates fitted to the front of a dock to close the facility either for use as a drydock, as part of a lock system, or when the tidal rise and fall exceeds 10ft (De Kerchove, 1961: 228). Dolphin: A mooring post or pile, or buffer placed at the entrance to a dock, alongside a wharf to act as a buffer between the wharf and vessels. The term is also applicable to posts used for mooring in the middle of a river, stream, or bay where cargoes can be discharged without the use of a wharf or dock, often to small vessels acting as lighters. In the latter instance, the dolphin piles may be contiguous (in a line) and/or placed in a circle or rectangular arrangement, sometimes with a timber or concrete capping/ deck. This arrangement allows the unloading of the tied up vessels either directly to the dolphin (platform) or to lighters, while preventing the vessel from swinging around with the change of tide (De Kerchove, 1961: 228, 581). A large wooden post or collection of piles used for a beacon is also known as a dolphin (Kemp, 1992: 258). Dredge: The act of removing sediment and submarine obstructions to increase water depth and improve navigability of those waterways for mariners (De Kerchove, 1961: 240). Dry Dock: A watertight basin, with one open end to the sea that can be closed and sealed by a caisson, in which ships can be docked for repair, examination and cleaning of the underwater sections of the hull. After maintenance is complete, the caisson is flooded and the vessel floated out again (De Kerchove, 1961: 246; Kemp, 1992: 242).


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Explosives Store/ Depot/ Hulk: A place where explosives were stored to prevent accident discharges from injuring the public. All vessels entering Victorian Ports were required to discharge any explosives they carried for the duration of their stay, and these were stored in either explosives depots/ stores, or on explosives hulks located at safe distance away from the main populace. Explosives Anchorage: An anchorage designated for vessels carrying explosives until they could be safely discharged. Flagstaff: A pole on which flag is hoisted and displayed. Flagstaffs were often used to relay messages via coded signal pennants, and played also an important role in supplying navigational and other shipping information (Fanderlinden, 1985: 1.2) Floating Dock: A platform used as a transportable dry dock to raise vessels out of the water for repair work. It is essentially a floating platform with watertight tanks, which are flooded to admit the ship, and then pumped out to raise the vessel and dock above the waterline. These structures were similar in use to graving docks, but had the advantage of being transportable to wherever they were required (De Kerchove, 1961: 294; Kemp, 1992: 316). Graving Dock: A permanent dry dock made with wooden, stone, or concrete walls, used to conduct vessel repairs and maintenance on the hull, as opposed to where ships are built (De Kerchove, 1961: 336). There are two types of graving dock. The earliest graving docks were facilities where a vessel could be securely tied alongside a dock, and the vessel’s lower hull accessed as the tide fell. Permanent graving docks use watertight gates to allow vessel access, which are then closed and the water pumped out after which the vessel rested on keel blocks (Kemp, 1992: 351). Groyne: A solid structure projecting from the shore, which is designed to break the current and inhibit erosion and encourage sand accretion, thereby increasing shoreline deposits of new material. Groynes are usually low profile timber frameworks (similar to low solid fences) or low walls made of timber, stone, concrete or any solid material (De Kerchove, 1961:338; Pearsall and Trumble, 1996: 621). Hot Water Baths: Enclosed baths, usually attached to seas baths, which provided hot water bathing facilities. These structures appear to have usually been small subsidiary enclosures situated over the water which were attached to the larger sea baths complexes via a narrow walkway. Hulk: An old ship converted for another use that did not require it to move. These uses include modification into prisons, explosives stores, warehouses, and churches (see Bethel Ship) (Kemp, 1992: 406). Immigration Depot: The office charged with the processing of new immigrants. Jetty: A solid (enclosed at water level) structure built out into the sea or waterway, constructed from stone, concrete, or any other solid building material that does not allow water to pass through its construction. Some jetties were named piers, particularly where two of them may form the arms embracing a small harbour. Open


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structured oil loading facilities were often called jetties, even though they are technically piers (Kemp, 1992: 647). Launching Ways: The structure built on top of a slipway, which was used to launch vessels. Timber or iron rails were used on slipways to launch vessels either on cradles or keel blocks, also called sliding/ standing ways (Kemp, 1992: 809; De Kerchove, 1961: 438). Landing: Abbreviated form of landing stage, often built onto the sides of piers or jetties, where the main pier/ jetty is too high to accommodate the smaller vessel, or to facilitate the changing height of the vessel berth due to tidal influences. Landing Stage: A Platform, often floating, where goods and passengers are often disembarked (Pearsall and Trumble, 1996: 803) Landing Pontoon: A floating platform usually anchored off the edge of a wharf or pier, for the landing and embarking of ferry passengers or goods from a vessel (De Kerchove, 1961:433). Leading Lights: Two lights used for navigation that are placed in a line to indicate a course to steer, or a danger to avoid. The rear light is higher than the foreground light, but in the same vertical plane as the lower one. When the lights are sighted one above the other, they indicate the course of the safe passage/ channel through a constricted waterway (De Kerchove, 1961:634). Leads/Lead Markers: Using the same principle as leading lights, two distinctive markers are placed in prominent positions either on land, at sea, or a combination of both to aid navigation through constricted waterways. Lead markers often double as leading lights (Kemp, 1992: 472) Lighters/ Lighterage: A vessel used to transfer cargoes between a vessel and the shore (De Kerchove, 1961:454). Lightship: A vessel used to operate as a lighthouse in areas where it is impractical to build a lighthouse (Kemp, 1992:484). Lightships have also been found to be the forebears of lighthouses (Duncan, In Prep), installed as temporary navigational facilities before infrastructure and funding was available in the Victorian Colony to build lighthouses. Lightships serve as a beacon by day and a guiding light at night (De Kerchove, 1961:455) Mooring / Mooring Buoy: A permanent buoy used by vessels to secure a ship in place instead of using their own anchors. The buoy is secured to the seafloor with a length of chain attached to two or more anchors, and are used particularly where there are hazards to anchoring (eg dangers of anchor entanglement, unexploded ordinance) or many vessels using a confined space that is subject to tidal movements (De Kerchove, 1961:107; Kemp, 1992: 120, 559). Pier: An open (at water level) timber, concrete or iron structure, usually supported with wooden piles, projecting out into the sea at seaside resorts as an attraction to holiday makers and for excursions steamers to come alongside (Kemp, 1992: 647).


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Piers in the Victorian context usually refer to timber open (at sea level) structures built with piles, and are not exclusively used for seaside recreation. Open sided piers associated with oil transportation are known as jetties (Kemp, 1992: 647). A pier has also been defined as a sheltering structure built out from the shore to protect a river harbour (De Kerchov, 1961: 580), but this definition was not used in this study in favour of the term training wall. Pile: Heavy timber (often a tree trunk) driven vertically into the seabed to support the foundations of a superstructure (Pearsall and Trumble, 1996: 621) Pile Light: Local Victorian term used to describe lighthouses built on dolphin platforms structures, often miles from land in the middle of Port Phillip Bay. These structures were manned by crews of up to three lightkeepers, and in later years often with their families (Duncan, In Prep). Quarantine Anchorage: An area set aside for the anchorage of vessels with crew and passengers exhibiting signs of disease could be isolated until inspected and/or cleared by the Quarantine/ Customs Officer Quarantine Ground/ Station: A location where ships’ crew and passengers exhibiting signs of disease could be isolated from the settlement’s general population pending their recovery or death. Slipway: The sloping foreshore in a shipbuilding yard where foundations exist for launching and retrieving vessels either during maintenance or construction. A slipway is usually fitted with parallel timber or iron rails (called ways) set on an angled solid foundation ramp of stone, gravel or concrete. The angle of the ramp is sufficient to enable the transferral of the vessel into the water by gravity, once any holding appliances are removed (De Kerchove, 1961: 747; Kemp, 1992: 809). Swing Basin: An artificially excavated area used to turn vessels around within the confined waters of a river or stream Tidal Gauge: A graduated staff erected at the end of a wharf or pier in communication with the open sea from which the rise and fall of the tide can be determined at any given moment (De Kerchove, 1961: 836). These facilities were important for calculating water depths and the safe navigation of shallow and tidal waters. Timeball: A ball dropped from a staff at an observatory to signify the arrival of a pre-arranged time. This facility was used to reset chronographs on board vessels in the harbour, and used for the calculation of the tides and navigation in general. The timeball was generally situated at a high location within view of the harbour (De Kerchove, 1961:838). Training Wall: Historic term used in several plans found in the study area to signify paired stone jetties utilised to reduce sand build-up around the entrances of newly created dock areas and canals.


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Wharf: A structure built of timber, stone, iron or concrete parallel to the shore or on the banks of an anchorage close with deep water alongside to enable vessels to moor alongside. These structures are sometime also called quays, but these are generally built only in stone (De Kerchove, 1961: 914; Kemp, 1992: 936)


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ABBREVIATIONS Ft Feet GHT Geelong Harbour Trust GHTCR Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners Records PSC Peter Somerville Collection PWD Public Works Department WWII World War Two


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LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix 1: New Heritage Inventory Sites (Alphabetical List) Appendix 2: New Heritage Inventory Sites (by Heritage Inventory Number)

Appendix 3: Maritime Infrastructure Site Locations (AMG AGD1966) Appendix 4: Maritime Infrastructure Site Themes

Chapter 2: Maritime Infrastructure Project Geelong: Aims

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2. AIMS Heritage Victoria provided the following brief for the project. 2.1 Objective To collate an inventory of Victorian Historic Maritime Infrastructure sites (1790-1950) to allow the location, identification, management, utilisation and interpretation of these sites. 2.2 Scope Historic maritime infrastructure sites include, but are not limited to: Jetties Wharves Anchorages and mooring areas Breakwaters Navigation aids and structures (including piles lights) Shipbuilding sites Bathing structures This definition also included any submerged archaeological deposits associated with the above activities, and any submerged archaeological sites. 2.3 Outputs 1. History: Prepare a thematic environmental history which will enable the significance and heritage values of the sites to be assessed within a consistent set of values 2. Site Identification: Identify all maritime infrastructure of potential cultural heritage significance by examining existing lists such as the Victorian Heritage Register, Heritage Inventory, municipal heritage studies and Parks Victoria Assets List, to determine sites/places already recorded and, through further historical and field research, identify and record other sites that fit the project criteria. Field research will focus on recording condition, risks to heritage values, and interpretation potential. 3. Site Assessment: Begin the actual assessment of significance and documentation of those places identified as of potential cultural significance focussing on the following local government areas listed in order of preference: Hobson’s Bay, Port Phillip, Greater Geelong, Queenscliff, Mornington, and Glenelg. 4. Site Lists: Produce a list of all maritime infrastructure places with potential heritage significance containing as much information needed to fill out requirements for listing in the Victorian Heritage Inventory and Parks Victoria Heritage Assets List.

Chapter 3: Maritime Infrastructure Project Geelong: Archaeology of Australian Maritime Infrastructure

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3. ARCHAEOLOGY OF AUSTRALIAN MARITIME INFRASTRUCTURE: PREVIOUS STUDIES Numerous studies of maritime infrastructure have been undertaken in several Australian states, and all have demonstrated that intertidal and foreshore maritime infrastructure sites have the potential for large and often culturally significant archaeological deposits. Many previous Australian studies have demonstrated that bathing structures and jetty sites in a sand environment may generate substantial archaeological signatures. The Long Jetty site at Fremantle, Western Australia, acted as the main shipping terminal for the port of Fremantle from the 1870s to the 1920s (Garrat, 2002). During emergency rescue excavations in 1985, thousands of artefacts were recovered from a relatively small sample area of the jetty. Artefacts were found up to 10m out from the pier piles, with a gap of 5m and then more artefact concentrations were located from 15-25 m from the piles. This observation demonstrated that discarded items thrown overboard would also be evident to the seaward side of berthed vessels, and that distinctions could be made between artefacts associated with jetty use and shipboard debitage (Garrat, 1994: 34). Similarly, Drew (1983), Richards and Lewczak (2002), and Rodrigues (2002 a, b) have demonstrated the diverse and vast archaeological potential of the Holdfast Bay site (South Australia), which once housed a pier, tearooms, aquarium and bathing complex.

Figure 3-1: Contemporary photo of the Long Jetty, Fremantle (WA Maritime Museum Collection)


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Figure 3-2: Underwater pile remnants of the Fremantle Long Jetty (WA Maritime Museum Collection) Several maritime infrastructure sites have been investigated at Wilson’s Promontory in Victoria (Staniforth, 1985). In 1986, excavations were undertaken on the jetties at Sealers Cove, Home Cove and Refuge Cove, but these structures revealed minimal archaeological evidence. In 2000, Weaver (In Prep) excavated the Moorabool Street Pier in Geelong as a rescue excavation ahead of foreshore development. The pier had been partially demolished in the 1940s and subsequently developed into reclaimed land. Weaver located multiple piles from both the terrestrial and seaward sections of the pier, which had been covered with landfill. The terrestrial piles were intact almost to the top of the landfill level, with the former underwater piles cut off lower down. The interface area between the sea and shore (which Weaver terms The Washzone) revealed stratified deposits and even retained large quantities of organic material (seaweed and leather) after 60 years. Thousands of artefacts were recovered, predominantly from the buried underwater and washzone sections of the pier. This excavation has particular relevance to many sites identified in this research, as extensive land reclamation has been undertaken throughout some regions of the study area, particularly the Williamstown, Yarra and Maribyrnong regions.


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Figure 3-3: Moorabool Street Pier piles exposed during excavations (Photo F. Weaver)

Figure 3-4: Former underwater piles of the Moorabool Street Pier (Photo F. Weaver)

Figure 3-5: Wooden drain uncovered during the excavation at the Moorabool Street Pier (Photo F. Weaver)


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Several regional studies have been undertaken in the past ten years that have investigated the general maritime infrastructure theme. These include: Parramatta River project (Wolfe, 1991) Albany Maritime Heritage Survey (Wolfe, 1994) Murray River Shipwrecks and Infrastructure project (Kenderdine, 1994,

1995a, 1995b) Western Australian Port Related Structures Study (Cumming’s et al, 1995) Gippsland Regional Maritime Safety Infrastructure (Duncan, 2000) Victorian Sea and River Transport Study (Barnard, 2002) The Maritime Cultural Landscapes of the Queenscliff and South western Port

Phillip Bay Region (Duncan, In Prep) All these studies have used what is termed by McCarthy (2001) as the “Holistic Approach”, examining both terrestrial and underwater archaeological sites which have related maritime themes. This approach has been adopted for this study. Thematic studies of a maritime infrastructure sites have been undertaken around Australia, including, but not limited to: Pearling (MacIlroy, 1979; Stanbury, 1986; McPhee, 2001) Whaling (Macilroy, 1979; MacIlroy and Merideth, 1984; Stanbury, 1985;

MacIlroy and Kee, 1986; Kostaglou and McCarthy, 1991; Gibbs, 1995; Lawrence and Staniforth, 1998

Sealing (Kostaglou and McCarthy, 1991; Anderson, 1998; Stuart, 1998) Beche de Mere/ Trepang (Mitchell) Shipbuilding sites (Orme, 1988) Other studies have investigated specific maritime infrastructure sites including Drydocks and Graving Docks (Jeffery, 1995; Kenderdine, 1992; Austral

Archaeology, 2002) Communications Systems eg Flagstaffs, Semaphore (Orme, 1987) Lifeboats ( Jeffery, 1989)

Chapter 4: Maritime Infrastructure Project Geelong: Methodology

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4. METHODOLOGY The project brief specified that sites at potential risk of development should be identified and investigated to develop a planning strategy for their management prior to the sites becoming threatened. This project was originally to investigate sites at high risk from development, and the coordinators had suggested Melbourne, Geelong, Queenscliff and several other west coast areas for investigation. Given the scale of development within and around the greater Melbourne region, this area was targeted for initial investigation, with studies of Geelong and possibly Queenscliff to follow. However, as will be seen, the sheer bulk of sites discovered in Melbourne and Hobson’s Bay region precluded detailed investigation of other areas. 4.1 The Survey Area The Hobson’s Bay Region stretches from Point Gellibrand on the Western extremity to St Kilda Marina on the Eastern Shore. The region has been the focus of extensive shipping activity since at least 1835, when the Melbourne was first settled by Europeans. The rivers in this region were used as important access routes to the city and port, as well as providing essential bases for industry, recreation and transport. The survey was divided into six key regions to simplify data management. These are: 1. Pt Lillias (West): East side of Snake Island to west side of

Point Lillias 1. Pt Lillias (East) to Corio West side of Pt Lillias to east side of Quay North: Corio Quay North 2. Corio Quay North to Corio Quay North to Rippleside Park Rippleside North Region: 3. Western Beach: South side of Rippleside Park to West of Cunningham Pier 4. Central Geelong: Cunningham Pier to west of Eastern Pier 5. Eastern Beach: Eastern Pier to west side of Limeburners Point 6. Limeburners Point to West side of Limeburners Point to Pt Henry: Point Henry


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Regions of the study area (AUS Chart 157)

1 2

3

4

5 6


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4.2 Project Shortcomings Time and budgetary constraints forced the historical research and survey techniques employed to be more abbreviated than would have been preferred. The sheer volume of sites encountered have (by necessity) curtailed the collection of detailed site histories and archaeological recording of features, and inspection minutiae was often sacrificed in favour of quantity of sites. It should be noted that this study does not represent an exhaustive catalogue of archaeological and former historical places for each region, but a relatively comprehensive pilot study that provides the groundwork for an inventory of archaeological maritime infrastructure sites which will require further ongoing supplementation, as do all archaeological registers. The Central Geelong Foreshore region presented many challenges in locating exact feature locations, as the area is a palimpsest of activity over many years. Further work is required to further document the earliest occupation of this region, as it is almost certain that there are sites here that have not been identified. The original brief requested that the significance of each site be assessed, but this has not been attempted beyond investigation of the archaeological potential of each site, and its relationship to a maritime thematic framework. It was felt that any attempt to assess significance prior to the compilation of a holistic inventory of archaeological maritime infrastructure sites from many regions would be premature, and could result in a bias towards Heritage listed sites in the initial study area. It is recognised that many other features such as hotels, missions, flagstaffs, customs houses, warehouses, coal depots, railways and a plethora of other types of features all fall within the brief as maritime infrastructure sites. However, due to the vast quantity of sites encountered, this study has only investigated sites that fall on the immediate foreshore area. Therefore, further work is required to investigate record and assess other onshore thematic maritime sites that have not been covered during this study. Furthermore, individual navigation structures such a buoys, piles and dolphins shown in historical sources have not been included in this study unless still extant (eg Hopetoun Channel Pile Lights), as there were too many individual features to adequately record in the time allocated. Duncan (in Prep) has identified that navigation markers often leave tangible archaeological remains, and can be used to identify past landscape routes. Therefore, dredged channel approaches (which are generally marked by the above features) have been included for Corio Bay from various charts, to indicate general landscape routes for this period. Further work is required to document these types of features. The following areas have not been inspected, and unrecorded sites may exist in these locations: Between the southern Cheethams Saltworks (Lara) Canal (on the east side of Point

Lillias) to the west of Walshs Jetties The foreshore are from the northern extremity of Cheethams Saltworks (Moolap)

to the Commonwealth Animal Testing Laboratories near Limeburners Point The foreshore areas of Limeburners Bay


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4.3 Sources 4.3.1 Historical Records Contemporary records were initially consulted to establish a chronological history of the areas to be investigated. Given the time constraints of this project, regional heritage syntheses and broad thematic histories were consulted to obtain both potted and specific histories of the research localities to be investigated. Where these were not available, they were supplemented with primary data sources which included nineteenth century sailing instructions, newspaper accounts, Harbour Trust Records and Government Summary Contracts Books. The time constraints of the project have meant that the research undertaken was not exhaustive, given the large numbers of sites to be investigated. No personal historical records held by maritime historian enthusiasts were located in this area (as had previously been the case in Melbourne, where substantial personal historic research had been undertaken), which led the study to rely more on secondary and primary historical research. Historic cartographic, hydrographic and cadastral plans were also utilised to accurately identify the former locations of historic sites for archaeological inspection. 4.3.2 Existing Databases Parks Victoria and The Department of Natural Resources and Environment supplied access to their database records of maritime infrastructure sites under their control and these aided the identification of potential areas of archaeological interest. The Victorian Heritage Register was also consulted regarding existing heritage listed sites. 4.3.3 Community Consultation It was recognised that local community members often possess a wealth of knowledge acquired from many years experience and personal research. Several individuals were known to possess extensive local knowledge founded on years of personal research and were approached to assist with the background information prior to the field inspections. Many members of the Maritime Archaeological Association of Victoria, the Geelong Historical Society and other local community members were consulted regarding their personal knowledge of local sites. Where possible, these accounts were compared with the historical record, and proved predominantly verifiable where records existed. Furthermore, divers with a detailed knowledge of the study areas were consulted to investigate their personal experiences of underwater archaeological sites. Commercial divers and avocational archaeologists from the Maritime Archaeological Association of Victoria were approached to assist with the detection of previously unreported sites. 4.3.4 Aerial Imagery A geo-referenced aerial photomosaic coverage from 2000, available in a GIS format through Photo Mapping Services within the Department of Infrastructure, was also used to identify potential archaeological features to be investigated. This source proved remarkably accurate, and several features (both under and above water) that were visible from this coverage proved upon inspection to be archaeological sites.


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4.4 Environmental History Environmental data for the study region was drawn from historical sources, Australian Hydrographic chart data, personal knowledge of the study area, and through ongoing site visitation throughout the investigation. 4.5 Archaeological Potential


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4.6 Survey Sampling Strategy and Site Interpretation 4.6.1 Geographical Information Systems (GIS) The accumulation of potential sites in the study area proved to be substantial, and in order to manage the data, a GIS database (MapInfo) was created to track site localities as they arose from historical and ethnographic sources. This aided the identification of the actual geographical location of former historical site locations, which had in the early phases of the project been stored in an excel spreadsheet. Additionally, a new method for site identification that is currently being researched by the author as part of a PhD project at the School of Anthropology, Archaeology and Sociology (James Cook University) was applied to the project. This approach entails the geo-referencing of primary cartographic data sources (i.e. charts) to allow the overlaying of historic chart information directly onto modern GIS databases, enabling the extraction of their current geographical positions to aid in fieldwork inspection planning, site relocation and identification. A number of charts and plans were geo-referenced and digitised (electronically traced) to produce a GIS coverage of maritime infrastructure sites for the Hobson’s Bay Region for that time. Actual geographical coordinates for the former historical feature locations were then able to be extracted from the GIS, and entered into a GPS for ground truthing the existence of archaeological sites. The identified site locations were then inspected for potential archaeological remains. The process also worked conversely, where newly identified archaeological site coordinates could be overlaid onto the geo-referenced historical chart coverage to assess their association to former known sites. 4.6.2 Inspection Strategy A survey strategy was adopted to obtain maximum survey coverage in order to locate sites not identified by background research. Budgetary and time constraints limited the extent of underwater inspections that could be undertaken (see Methodology: Project Shortcomings), and therefore most fieldwork was carried out from the shore. As most of the sites identified through historical research were located in the intertidal zone close to shore, field inspections were planned to take advantage of low tidal circumstances and clear water conditions, when many features normally underwater were exposed or could be seen through shallow water. Sites were accessed predominantly by car from the foreshore. Sample sites were investigated over three diving days. Dives were undertaken in the pier areas between Yarra St and Cunningham Pier, at the North Channel Lightship, but time and budgetary constraints limited the extent of diving inspections undertaken. Offshore or remote sites were accessed by boat. Almost complete inspection coverage of the foreshore of the survey area was achieved using this approach, with a few notable exceptions. The Corio and North Shore industrial wharves and piers were not inspected underwater, as they are still working pier and due to the hazards presented to both divers and boats from industrial and commercial shipping in this area. More work is therefore required to fully document this area.


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Where informants had previously physically located underwater sites, these locations were not inspected due to time constraints (except for Steamboat Jetty and Yarra Pier). Locational information provided by informants proved to be particularly accurate, and archaeological remains were usually located when inspections were undertaken. This project has also incorporated some aspects of research undertaken by Duncan (2006), who inspected several underwater sites in Corio Bay in November 2002. 4.6.3 Survey Techniques Site recording was limited to photography using a digital camera, paced measurements of site dimensions, and geographical coordinates taken using a GPS. Underwater inspection used a swimline search with 3 divers to locate sites, which were then photographed, sketched and measured (if substantial remains were encountered) and a GPS position recorded. 4.6.4 Plotting and Interpretation of Sites GPS coordinates for sites were entered into a GIS format and interpreted in conjunction with the GIS aerial image mentioned above. Digital images were allocated a heritage inventory number and the computer images are to be hot-linked to the GIS coverage to allow visual inspection of the site.

Chapter 5.1: Maritime Infrastructure Heritage Project Geelong: Walshs Jetties to Pt Lillias (East)

Walsh’s Jetties to Point Lillias

Maritime Infrastructure sites in Region 1 (shown in red)


H7721-0008 Site Name: Walshs Stone Quarry Jetties/ Wrecks/ Boatbreakers Yard Site Type: Industrial, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Walshs Jetties in 1914 (G154, Geelong Heritage Centre)

Walshs Jetty #1


Walshs Jetty #2 and Boat Ramp

Walshs Jetty #3


Wrecks destined for shipbreaking at Walshs Jetties

Pier on side of Walshs Jetty #6

Location AMG (AGD 1966): 276632 5781846 Map Name: and Number: Geelong 7721


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Extensive stone jetties, shipbreaking yard, pier on side of jetty #6, stone quarry. Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological deposits associated with jetty use (discard and lost items). Probable structural remains Condition: Good Present Use: Stone Quarry, Corio Bay Statement of Significance: State Level Significance due to association with the construction of the Popes Eye Fort. Part of the defence network for Port Phillip Bay Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 28/4/2004 Interpretation of Site: The jetties appear to be the original structures evident in early charts of this region from at least 1864 (Cox, 1864). History of Site: Associated with the construction of the Popes Eye Fort. Fleets of small lighters ferried stone from this location to Popes Eye to construct the base for the fort. Later used by Walsh to break ships. Further research required Informants and other information: Plans: G154, Cox 1864, Corrected to 1914, Geelong Harbour, London: Hydrographic Office Admiralty Map Showing Location of Site:

Directions for Relocation of Site:

Owner /Occupier: Private: Cheethams Saltworks


H7721-0089 Site Name: Point Lillias Fish Trap Site Type: Maritime, Indigenous Photograph of Site:

Pt Lillias Fish Trap from South

Pt Lillias Fish Trap from South



Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Fish trap built on natural feature and supplemented using natural rocks to build up the reef wall. Stone wall up to 40m long and 1.5m high Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological deposits associated with pier use (discard and lost items). Probable structural remains. Condition: Good Present Use: Foreshore reserve Statement of Significance: Unknown – further research required – possibly indigenous in origin Recorded By: Brad Duncan Interpretation of Site: The site appears to have been too labour intensive to be a European creation, as the economic returns on the structure would have made it unviable to build. Probably indigenous in origin History of Site: Unknown – further research required Informants and other information: Les Kee, Cheethams Saltworks Map Showing Location of Site:

Owner /Occupier: Private: Cheethams Saltworks


H7721-0090 Site Name: Coch’s Boatbreaking Yards Site Type: Industrial, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Wire Hawser at Coch’s Boat Breaking Yard

Concreted barrels probably used as guy supports or ballast for a gantry crane to haul vessels ashore at Coch’s Boat Breaking Yard


Area of exploded metal fragments, Coch’s Boat Breaking Yard

Area of exploded metal fragments, Coch’s Boat Breaking Yard

Probable guy wire support holes in boulders on foreshore, Coch’s Boat Breaking Yard


Jetty or ramp used to haul vessels ashore, Coch’s Boat Breaking Yard

Area of exploded metal fragments on foreshore, Coch’s Boat Breaking Yard

Area of exploded metal fragments and guy or crane wire, Coch’s Boat Breaking Yard

Guy wire support mooring blocks on the foreshore, Coch’s Boat Breaking Yard



Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Boat demolition site. Exploded metal fragments, remains of former gantry crane and guy wire supports. Key Components of Site: Scattered remnants of exploded iron. Guy wire supports embedded in local bedrock, concrete filled 44 gallon drums, stone rubble jetty, iron wire stays. Condition: Good Present Use: Foreshore Reserve Statement of Significance: One of three boatbreakers in the area Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 28/4/2004 Interpretation of Site: The site appears to have an access ramp leading from the water which is constructed of broken brick and stone rubble. The remains of a gantry in the form of three concrete filled drums are evident directly behind this structure, along with holes drilled in the local bedrock, all of which appear to have once supported the gantry tower. Steel wire from this structure is also evident in the region. History of Site: Les Kees (Cheetham Saltworks Lara) recounted that there was a venture in the 1960s to dismantle and breakup iron boats in this area. The vessels were hauled ashore via a gantry set back on the shore. Several people were employed here during that period, and there was also a hut onsite for a caretaker. Rod Duncan (Planner, Geelong DSE Office) recalls seeing two vessels tied up in this area in the 1960/70s that were moored to the shore via iron cables. The vessels were being broken up and remained in this region for many years before attempts were finally made to dismantle them. A large fire broke out during efforts to cut them up with an oxy acetylene torch, which set fire to oil inside the vessels. Informants and other information: Les Kee: Cheetham Saltworks, Lara Rod Duncan: Planner, DSE Geelong Office


Map Showing Location of Site:

Owner /Occupier: Owners Name: Cheethams Saltworks


Site Name: Higgs Marine Boat Builders/ Point Lillias Vernacular Boat Harbour Site Type: Industrial, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Natural Boat Harbour Formation (Western Section), Pt Lillias

Natural Boat Harbour Formation (Eastern Section), Pt Lillias

Point Lillias Vernacular Boat Harbour Ring Bolts in Rocks (Eastern Section)


Point Lillias Vernacular Boat Harbour Ring Bolts in Rocks (Eastern Section)

Wreckage from Higgs Boat Building and Boatbreaking Yard Point Lillias (Eastern Section)

Cable possibly from Higgs Boat Building and Boatbreaking Yard slipway


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Several iron ring bolts embedded in natural bedrock below the high water mark. Stone wall enhancement of natural geological features. Possible slipway remains. Structural components of dismantled vessels, iron wire cables. Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological deposits associated with slipway use (discard and lost items). Probable structural remains. Condition: Good Present Use: Cheethams Saltworks Statement of Significance: One of three boat breakers which once operated in this area. Natural boat harbour which was probably used by local fishing communities in emergencies. Recorded By: Brad Duncan


Interpretation of Site: There appears to have been a vernacular boat harbour in this area, evidenced by iron ringbolts in the natural rocks, which would have been used as a stern mooring for small vessels after throwing out the bow anchor. This behaviour has also been noted at Bunbury’s Baths in Williamstown (Duncan 2004). History of Site: Higgs Marine once operated out of a shed down near the water in this area about 17 years ago, where the business proposed to construct and launch boats. According to local residents, it was located near the natural boat harbour (Les Kee, Pers Comms). Informants and other information: Les Kee, Cheetham Saltworks Map Showing Location of Site:

Owner /Occupier: Owners Name: Cheethams Saltworks Contact Name:

Chapter 5.2: Maritime Infrastructure Heritage Project Geelong: Point Lillias (West) to Corio Quay North

Region 2. Point Lillias to Corio Quay



D7721-0138 Site Name: Bird Rock Beacon Site Type: Civic, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Bird Rock Beacon

Bird Rock Beacon and Cairn


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Pile beacon situated on natural rock island. Large rock cairn placed around base of beacon as reinforcement. Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological deposits associated with site use (discard and lost items). Probable structural remains of former light poles. Condition: Good Present Use: Beacon Statement of Significance: Essential feature of the navigational landscape of Corio Bay. Possible ties to the defence landscapes of Corio and Port Phillip Bays, and the local ballast trade. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Interpretation of Site: The current south cardinal beacon is used to mark Bird Rock. Loose rock evident around Bird Rock (Island) may have been transported from the Pt Lillias Quarries (H7721-0015) for use at the Bird Rock Ballasting Station (H7721-0092). An isolated find of terracotta drainage pipes on the eastern side of Bird Rock may be related to Heaths Oyster Farm (H7721-0094). History of Site: Possibly associated with the Bird Ballast Station (H7721-0092) where it may have been used as an access way (or jetty) to deeper water. This site was also proposed as a military reserve in the 1850s, where a Martello tower was planned to defend the entrance to Corio Bay (Duncan, 2006 thesis). Informants and other information:




D7721-0092 Site Name: Bird Rock Ballast Station Site Type: Industrial, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Point Lillias Quarry #1

Point Lillias Quarry #2


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Ballast station. Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological deposits associated with quarry use (discard and lost items). Pile remains visible offshore – not inspected, Multiple quarries. Condition: Good Present Use: Foreshore Reserve


Statement of Significance: One of two early ballast supply stations in area (the other was Huttons Wharf). One of the earliest industries in Geelong. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 28/4/2004 Interpretation of Site: The geology of this area differs from elsewhere around Inner Corio Bay, and has abundant deposits of bluestone rock on or near the surface. The area is strewn with loose bluestone rock offshore, and is a perfect location for a ballast station due to the abundance of loose bluestone rock. Extensive quarry sites located on the Pt Lillias peninsula probably supplied the loose rock found offshore. The proximity of the site to the earliest known anchorage for the area at Pt Henry, (Pt Lillias is opposite Pt Henry) makes this the ideal location for resupplying vessels that arrived with cargo and passengers for the gold rush, but needed ballast for the return journey. The site probably dates back to at least the 1850s. Further investigation of the peninsula is warranted. History of Site: A ballast station operated in this area from at least the 1870s, and supplied vessels with ballast by the boatload (Threlfall, nd). Shipping calling at Pt Henry during the Gold Rush often did not have a return cargo, and required ballast for the trip home. Rob Craddock (pers comms) recalled that a ballast station operated at this site in the early phases of the port. Informants and other information: Threlfall, .Karen, nd, Historical Background. In Point Henry Project: A landscape and environmental development strategy for the Point Henry area, Geelong, Victoria. Rob Craddock, pers comms (Geelong Historical Society). Map Showing Location of Site:


H7721-0093 Site Name: North Channel Lightship Site Type: Civic, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Geelong Lightship shown in 1863 (V129, Geelong Heritage Centre)


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Lightship mooring site. Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological relics associated with lightship use (discard and lost items). Probable 4 point mooring anchors remains from former lightship. Condition: Fair Present Use: Corio Bay Statement of Significance: One of the earliest lightships used in the Bay. Part of a network of navigation aids throughout Port Phillip Bay. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 13/5/2003


Interpretation of Site: Jim Anderson has inspected the site using GPS marks derived from the GIS geo-referencing process, and found two bottles of very early origin in an area that was otherwise sterile of artefacts. During another site inspection in 2003, no further artefacts were located, but a pile was found in the same area that probably originated from a later replacement beacon. Further investigation after storm surges may reveal more evidence of the former lighthouse mooring site. History of Site: The Geelong Lightship was placed north of the North Channel by at least 1851 (Ferguson, 1851), and exhibited lights to define the edge of the Channel, as well as tidal signals to indicate the depth of water over the bar (Ferguson, 1854: 18; 1861: 14). The vessel was moored opposite Bird Rock in 1861, (VGG, 15/1/1851:77, V129), and exhibited a bright fixed light 27 feet above sea level that could be seen for nine nautical miles in clear weather. The vessel was moored in 12 feet of water, and exhibited daily tidal signals. Informants and other information: Ferguson, C., 1861, Sailing Directions for Port Phillip, Including Ports of Melbourne, Geelong, Portland, Port Fairy, and Warrnambool, The Colony of Victoria, Melbourne: John Ferris Government Printer. Victorian Government Gazette Plans: Coastal Survey Series (CS) 29, Henry, 1864, Corio Bay or Inner Geelong Harbour (State Library of Victoria Map Collection). Ferguson, Charles, 1851, Chart Soundings at Geelong Bar taken at low water, (Geelong Maritime Museum Map Collection). V129, Victorian Geological Survey, 1861 (Geelong Heritage Centre). Map Showing Location of Site:


D7721-0094 Site Name: Heath’s Oyster Farm Site Type: Aquaculture, Industrial, Maritime Photograph of Site:

1863 plan showing the open bay west of Pt Lillias that was walled in as part of Heath’s Oyster Farm (V129, Geelong Heritage Centre)

One of many extensive shell midden dumps at Pt Lillias, probably from Heath’s Oyster Farm

Matrix of Shell Midden probably from Heaths Oyster Farm

Oyster Shells at Heaths Oyster Farm



Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Massive shell middens in purpose dug holes, scattered bluestone rock and ceramic (water) pipes. Key Components of Site: Large scattered bluestones and terracotta ceramics across the site. Large seawall (incorporated into Cheethams Saltworks) which is large enough to drive a car over! Substantial shell middens up to 4 m square and of unknown depth. Quarried rock deposits. Probable archaeological deposits associated with farm use (discard and lost items). Condition: Excellent Present Use: Pt Lillias Reserve/ Cheethams Saltworks Statement of Significance: The site is a unique relatively intact example of an early oyster aquaculture industry that is relatively undisturbed. The site is of probable state level significance. The site requires further investigation as the historical background was unknown when the site was visited, hence further features may be found. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 28/5/2004 Interpretation of Site: The former seawall appears to have been incorporated into the Cheethams Saltworks dyke, but is still visible from the Avalon Beach Fishermen’s Village westwards to Pt Lillias. The southern side of the Pt Lillias Peninsula is littered with enormous shell middens deposited in uniform trenches up to 4 metres square and of unknown depth. There area also numerous surface quarries in this area, but it is unclear if these are associated with the gathering of suitable oyster bed surfaces, or from the Bird Rock Ballast Station. The southern foreshore is also littered with loose bluestone rocks of various sizes, and scattered terracotta pipes and ceramics that are probably remnants of the former operation that were used to encourage oyster growth. Point Lillias H1 - House site (H7721-0011) is probably associated with this industry. History of Site: In 1871, Richard Heath formed a private company by subscription to establish an oyster cultivation industry near Pt Lillias. He was granted a lease from Bird Rock westwards along the north shore of the inner harbour, where he established fences and hurdles of interlaced vines. Tons of shells, stones and old tiles were deposited on the seabed to provide suitable holding surfaces for young oysters. Oysters were brought in from around Australian and New Zealand, and within 18 months there were 5 oyster beds. A five ft wide and four ft seawall with three sluice gates separated a fattening reserve that was located in an inlet from the main beds. A house was also built for its permanent employee. The venture does not appear to have been successful and soon ceased, but large oysters were still procurable in the area until at least the 1950s (Brownhill, 1990: 633). Kee (pers comms) recounted that the venture was destroyed when worms infiltrated the oyster stocks and killed them. He also indicated that there were large holding tanks there.


Informants and other information: Brownhill, Walter, Randolph, 1990, The History of Geelong and Corio Bay, with postscript 1955-1990, Geelong: Geelong Advertiser Les Kee, Pers Comms, Cheethams Saltworks Lara. Map Showing Location of Site:

Owner /Occupier: Owners Name: Cheethams Salt, Lara


D7721-0095 Site Name: Pt Lillias Trig Beacon Site Type: Civic, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Pt Lillias Beacon from East

Pt Lillias Trig Beacon Baseplate Datum Marker


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Partially extant timber trig beacon - top siting ball and side support frames missing). Key Components of Site: Extant timber framed trig beacon. Condition: Fair Statement of Significance: One of a network of trig beacons around Port Phillip Bay. Significant former navigational device. No longer used. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 28/5/2004 Interpretation of Site: The site was probably part of a network of trig markers around the bay that were used for hydrographic surveying and local navigation for small vessels. The three sided timber framed marker is in a ruinous state, and exhibits signs of repair at the base of the supporting framework legs. A trig beacon baseplate datum marker is evident under the apex of the beacon. History of Site: Unknown



Owner /Occupier: Owners Name: Cheethams Saltworks


H7721-0096 Site Name: Cheethams Saltworks Lara Site Type: Industrial, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Cheethams Saltworks Saltpans off Dandos Road Lara

Cheethams Saltworks Saltpans off Dandos Road Lara


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Saltpans and saltworks, associated equipment. Key Components of Site: Large saltpans with associated timber reinforcing framework and sluice gates. Associated industrial buildings and machinery. Condition: Good Present Use: Cheetham Saltworks Statement of Significance: Part of a network of saltworks around Port Phillip Bay. One of the earliest and most extensive industries in the area Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 28/4/2004 Interpretation of Site: The saltworks is still in use, and incorporates fabric from many generations of use of the site for this purpose. Further work is required to document this site more fully.

History of Site: The Cheetham Saltworks, Point Cook (Laverton) was founded in 1924 as an offshoot of the Cheetham Saltworks at Moolap, Geelong, which is currently listed on the Victorian Heritage Register. Richard Cheetham, a manufacturing chemist, born in Manchester, arrived in Victoria in 1862 and set up his first saltworks on French Island. This failed but in 1888 he began a saltworks near Geelong, employing a method combining the seawater evaporation method common in the south of France and the refining process used in Cheshire. In 1924, when Geelong could not meet demand, 1200 acres was purchased at Laverton for more


evaporators and the first harvest was carried out in 1926. Only raw salt was produced at Laverton and the salt was transported to Geelong for refining until a refinery was built at Laverton 1940 along with housing for workers. About ten houses and a similar number of sleeping huts were provided as well as a recreation hall (Victorian Heritage Register Listing for Cheetham’s Saltworks Moolap,H1157).

Informants and other information: Victorian Heritage Register Map Showing Location of Site:


H7721-0097 Site Name: Avalon Beach Fishermen’s Huts and Village Site Type: maritime, recreation Photograph of Site:

Avalon Beach Fishermen’s Village Shacks

Avalon Beach Ramp

Avalon Beach Fishermen’s Village Slipway Rails

Avalon Anglers Club Slipway and Ramp


Avalon Anglers Club Slipway and Ramp

Avalon Beach Fishermen’s Village Timber Slipway

Avalon Beach Fishermen’s Village Iron Wheeled Slipway

Avalon Beach Fishermen’s Village Shacks

Avalon Beach Fishermen’s Village Groyne



Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Fishermen’s shacks, vernacular slipways, boat ramps and hards, stone groynes. Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological relics associated with fishing (discard and lost items). Probable other structural remains of slipways, piers or groynes. Condition: Good Present Use: Fishermen’s Retreat Village Statement of Significance: State level Significance. High social significance to local community. Strong association with fishing industry for at least 80 years. Unique example of vernacular fishing shack community close to a regional metropolis. State level significance as an Icon for one of the most successful early Australian films that helped launch the industry to an international market (Mad Max). Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 28/4/2004 Interpretation of Site: Various vernacular slipways, ramps and hards are scattered around the site. Evidence of at least one groyne on the western end of the beach. The shacks are an ad hoc and mismatched collection of huts constructed without design (in most cases) from whatever material was available. History of Site: A local resident, Graham Matthews, provided a brief history of infrastructure on the site: “The older slipways with railway iron have been there for about 80 years. You can still see the railway iron going out into the water. The rocks going out into the water were groynes that were placed there about 60 years ago to give some protection to the boats. There were lots of boats here back then. The groynes went out about 30m and there were a few of them along the beach. They eventually had to pull them out after they started silting up the beach, and made it too shallow for the boats to moor. The concrete wall up there was built by the anglers club. They still use it a fair bit. Further research is required for this site. Informants and other information: Graham Matthews, pers comms, Avalan Fishing Hamlet




D7721-0098 Site Name: Austin’s Homestead Sewerage or Stormwater Outfall Cesspit Site Type: Civic, Maritime, Private Photograph of Site:

Austin's Homestead Sewerage or Stormwater Outfall Cesspit

Austin’s Homestead Sewerage or Stormwater Outfall Cesspit, showing pipe inlet

Building Foundations and Pipe Outlet behind Austin’s Homestead Sewerage or Stormwater Outfall Cesspit


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Circular brick structure approx 3m in diameter, with pipe inlet into base from homestead. A concrete base of a small shed or hut is located directly to the north of this feature, and a pipe outlet is also evident in line with the pipe into the circular structure. Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological relics associated with cesspit use (discard and lost items). Probable other subsurface structural remains associated with inlet pipes.


Condition: Good Present Use: Foreshore Reserve Statement of Significance: Part of Austin’s Homesteads drainage network. Local significance. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 28/4/2004 Interpretation of Site: Probably a cesspit used to store waste water. The structure has no visible outlet at the foreshore base, so it could have been used as an overflow cesspit that gradually released effluent into the water with the rising tide, when it would be carried away as the tide fell. This is consistent with the proximity of the baths to this structure, which would limit discharge around swimming areas. History of Site: James Austin (Alderman for Kardinia in the first town council and later Mayor of Geelong) purchased the Lara Homestead site as one of many acquisitions around the region. He retained an interest in the homestead until his death in 1896, which was being run by his son (Frank) from at least 1889 (Brownhill, 1990:80). The property was donated to the Brotherhood of St Lawrence, and is currently being run as Avalon College. The former pier and baths site formerly ran directly out from the shore at the base of the pathway to the homestead. The site was very popular with the local community, especially during the 1930s, and locals would often use the track down the side of the Austin’s property to access the baths. The baths extended several hundred yards offshore, and piles are still evident above water at very low tides (Brooks, pers comms). Informants and other information: Brownhill, Walter, Randolph, 1990, The History of Geelong and Corio Bay, with postscript 1955-1990, Geelong: Geelong Advertiser Plans: G154, Cox 1864, Corrected to 1914, Geelong Harbour (Geelong Heritage Centre) Jeffery Brooks, pers comms, Manager, Avalon College Map Showing Location of Site:


Owner /Occupier: Owners Name: Avalon College

Brotherhood of St Lawrence Occupier: Avalon College Postal Address: Avalon Rd, Avalon Telephone: 52824733 Fax:


H7721-0099 Site Name: Austin’s Jetty and Baths Site Type: Private, Recreational, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Austin’s Baths and Jetty in 1914 (G154, Geelong Heritage Centre)

Austin’s Baths (Avalon College Collection)

Austin’s Baths, date unknown (Avalon College Collection)

Austin’s Jetty (Avalon College Collection)


Pier Pile from Austin’s Baths or Pier exposed at low tide in front of Avalon College

Jim Anderson and Brad Duncan, with a late 19th century bottle relocated during an inspection of Austin’s Baths and Pier in May 2003

Austin’s Jetty or Baths Abutment

Austin’s Homestead Driveway Concourse and path leading directly to baths site


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Piles, jetty abutment, artefacts. Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological relics associated with pier use (discard and lost items). Structural remains – timber piles. Condition: Good Present Use: Foreshore Reserve Statement of Significance: One of the earliest baths and jetty sites in the area. Links to Austin family. Social significance to the local community dating back 100 years. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 28/5/2004 Interpretation of Site: At least three pier or bath piles were located during a visit in 2003 to the site, and formed a linear alignment out into the bay. One was visible above water at low tide. More piles are likely to exist beneath a heavy matting of weed that covered the site. A late 19th century bottle (wine) was located near the


exposed pier pile. Onshore, an area of stone fill is probably the remains of the former pier/ baths approach, and is embedded in the dune face near access steps to the beach. History of Site: James Austin (Alderman for Kardinia in the first town council and later Mayor of Geelong) purchased the Lara Homestead site as one of many acquisitions around the region. He retained an interest in the homestead until his death in 1896, which was being run by his son (Frank) from at least 1889 (Brownhill, 1990:80). The property was donated to the Brotherhood of St Lawrence, and is currently being run as Avalon College. A pier and baths formerly extended from the shore from Austins Homestead. The site was very popular with the local community, especially during the 1930s, and who used a track down the side of the Austin’s property to access the baths. The baths extended several hundred metres offshore, and piles are still evident above water at very low tides (Brooks, pers comms). Rob Craddock (pers comms) recalled that the pier remained on the site until the 1950s. Informants and other information: Brownhill, Walter, Randolph, 1990, The History of Geelong and Corio Bay, with postscript 1955-1990, Geelong: Geelong Advertiser G154, Cox 1864, Corrected to 1914, Geelong Harbour (Geelong Heritage Centre) Jeffery Brooks, pers comms Manager, Avalon College Rob Craddock , pers comms (Geelong Historical Society) Map Showing Location of Site:

Occupier: Avalon College (Jeffery Brooks, Manager) Postal Address: Avalon Rd, Avalon Telephone: 52824733


D7721-0100 Site Name: Limeburners Bay Piles/ Fence Posts Site Type: Agricultural Photograph of Site:

Limeburners Bay Fence Post Piles


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Fence posts Key Components of Site: Upright timber fence posts which extend into the water beyond the low water mark. Statement of Significance: Unknown – may be associated with local farm or adjacent Geelong Grammar College. Local significance Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 19/4/2004 Interpretation of Site: Probably associated with local farming – substantial piles probably used as strainer posts for a fence, which extended into the water to prevent stock escaping via that route.. History of Site: Unknown




D7721-0129 Site Name: Lagoon Boat Club Pier, Slipway, Traverse Clubrooms, Hard, and Seawall Site Type: Civic, Recreation, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Lagoon Boat Club Slipway Traverse, Hard and Seawall from the Pier

Lagoon Boat Club Pier from north

Lagoon Boat Club Slipway Traverse and Hard


Lagoon Boat Club Slipway

Lagoon Boat Club Pier Small Boat Ramp


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Patent slipway and traverse, clubroom, hard, seawall, timber pier and small boat ramp, boat mooring area. Key Components of Site: As above. Condition: Good Present Use: Lagoon Boat Club Statement of Significance: Unknown – requires further research. Boating and possibly boatbuilding and maintenance appear to have been undertaken at location for some time. Social significance as part of the recreational landscape Corio Bay. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 19/4/2004 Interpretation of Site: Boat club. Probably dates to 1960s, but may have been established on an earlier site – further investigation is required. History of Site: Unknown



Owner /Occupier: Occupier: Lagoon Boat Club Postal Address: Po Box 561 North Shore Telephone: 52755583


Site Name: Limeburners Bay Boat Shed , Storage and Ramp - Possibly Scout Hall or Sailing Club(?) Site Type: Civic, Maritime, Recreation Photograph of Site:

Limeburners Bay Boat Shed, Storage and Ramp

Limeburners Bay Boat Shed Small Boat Shed Storage from west looking across Limeburners Bay

Limeburners Bay Boat Shed, Storage and Ramp. Note Flagstaff at foreshore edge of shed.

Location


AMG (AGD 1966): 272310 5782863 Map Name: and Number: Geelong 7721

Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Boat shed and ramp, boat storage sheds, flagstaff. Key Components of Site: As above. Condition: Good Present Use: Unknown Statement of Significance: Unknown – further research required. Possibly Sea Scout Hall or Sailing Club. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 19/4/2004 Interpretation of Site: The site is used to store and launch small sailing dinghies. The presence of a flagstaff suggests that the facility is either used for Sea Scouts or a Sailing Club. Other similar sites elsewhere, along with this site’s location in a sheltered lagoon would suggest that this area may have been used for boating activities for some time historically in the past. Further research into the past use of this area is warranted. History of Site: Unknown – further research required. Map Showing Location of Site:


Site Name: Corio Bay Sailing Club Site Type: Civic, Recreation, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Corio Bay Sailing Club Mosaic

Corio Bay Sailing Club Slipway


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Sailing club. Key Components of Site: Sailing Club, clubrooms, boat storage Statement of Significance: Unknown – needs further investigation. Part of recreation landscape of the area, and one of at least three boat clubs in this area. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 19/4/2004 Interpretation of Site: The facility appears to date from the 1950s – 60s, but could be older. Further investigation is required to determine the previous extent of the use of the site. History of Site: Unknown. Further research is required.



Owner /Occupier: Occupier: Corio Bay Sailing Club Postal Address: Po Box 411, Geelong 3220 Telephone: 52782160


H7721-0130 Site Name: Geelong Grammar School Boatshed Site Type: Civic, Maritime Photograph of Site:

The Avalon, which was built to take students to the Geelong Grammar School at Corio (In: Hawthorne and Reid 1988:99).

The Geelong Grammar School Baths and Boatshed Pier (In: Hawthorne and Reid 1988:114)

Geelong Baths Building and Boatshed on foreshore reclamation



Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Baths and pier, Boatshed and pier. Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological relics associated with pier use (discard and lost items). Probable structural remains from former baths and boatshed pier still exist under the current car park and on (or under) the seafloor. The former boatshed that was once mounted on the pier is now located in the car park. Condition: Good Present Use: Geelong Grammar School Boat Shed and Hard Statement of Significance: Associated with early Geelong Grammar School activities. Part of the recreational landscape of the Corio Region. Only extant boathouse identified that was associated with a school. The site has strong social significance for the school’s community. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 19/4/2004 Interpretation of Site: The former boathouse has been moved from the boathouse pier and rotated. It now stands on the Geelong Grammar School Boat Shed Hard. The area has been extensively reclaimed (see photos), and most of the area of the former piers is now under the hard reclamation. The former baths structure may still lie on the seabed further offshore. The baths are shown on Australian Hydrographic Chart AUS 157 as ruins, but it is likely that the ruins are further inshore than indicated, based on photos from around the 1920s (Hawthorne and Reid, 1988:114). History of Site: The Geelong Grammar School moved to Corio in 1914. A boat called the Avalon was used to ferry children from Corio to school. A baths complex is shown at the site around the 1920s, with a shed mounted over the water on a pier. A boatshed mounted over the water at the end of a pier was located to the adjacent west (Hawthorne and Reid, 1988:114). Informants and other information: Hawthorne, Ian, and Reid, John, 1988, Geelong & District. A Sepia Album of Historic Photographs, 1838-1988, Bacchus Marsh: Joval Commercial Publications.




H7721-0131 Site Name: Duck Ponds Lime Kilns/ Limeburners Bay Site Type: Industrial, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Duck Ponds near Limeburners Bay shown in Cox 1864 Chart (CS29, State Library of Victoria)


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Possible lime kiln remains and other associated structures. Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological relics associated with limeburning and kiln use (discard and lost items). Probable structural remains of kiln, shacks and jetty? Condition: unknown Present Use: Foreshore reserve Statement of Significance: One of the earliest industries in Geelong. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 19/4/2004 Interpretation of Site: No evidence of the former lime kilns in this area was seen, but could exist under the sandy foreshore, roadway or adjacent hillocks. The sand in this area is known to be highly mobile, especially along the shoreline (Parkinson, pers comms)


History of Site: Lime burning was also undertaken at the Duck Ponds, which in 1875 was producing superior quality lime to that at Limeburners Point. Test showed that the Duck Ponds lime retained its supportive qualities in wet conditions, whereas the Point lime fell apart. The Duck Ponds were run by the Melbourne Builders Lime and Cement Company (Brownhill, 1990: 402, 403). The Duck Ponds are labelled in Henry’s 1864 chart of Geelong near the current location of the Geelong Grammar School foreshore near the southern end of Biddlecombe Road (CS29). The area inside Limeburners Bay requires further investigation to determine it toponymic origins, and whether further lime burning was undertaken inside the bay. Limeburners Point was originally known as Galena Point, with the original name Limeburners Point being allocated to the entrance of what is now known as Limeburners Bay (in the 1950s called Limeburners Creek, entrance to the Duck Ponds) (Brownhill, 1990:406). Informants and other information: Brownhill, Walter, Randolph, 1990, The History of Geelong and Corio Bay, with postscript 1955-1990, Geelong: Geelong Advertiser Henry, Commander, 1864, Corio Bay or Geelong Inner Harbour, CS29, Coastal Survey Series, State Library of Victoria Collection James Parkinson, pers comms, Maritime Archaeological Association of Victoria Map Showing Location of Site:


Site Name: Grammar School Lagoon Boat Ramp Site Type: Civic, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Grammar School Lagoon Boat Ramp


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Boat Ramp Statement of Significance: Unknown. May be on the site of previous boat launching facilities. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 19/4/2004 Interpretation of Site: It is possible that this site has been utilized previously as part of either the Duck Ponds lime kilns, or for a small boat launching facility, especially given its proximity to the Geelong Grammar School and the Limeburners Bay anchorage. Many other sites of this kind have been extensively utilized over long periods of time, and the relatively sheltered nature of this location would also support this type of observation. Further research is required to test this hypothesis. History of Site: Unknown




D7721-0425 Site Name: North Shore Seaplane Base Site Type: Transport


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Former seaplane base. Probable remains of seaplane ramp under the reserve land opposite (east of) the Shell Refinery or underwater. Little or no remains are anticipated of the seaplane base itself, which formerly occupied the grounds of the Shell Refinery. Statement of Significance: Only seaplane base in Geelong region, and one of two in greater area of Corio Bay. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 19/4/2004 Interpretation of Site: Little or no remains are anticipated of the seaplane base itself, as the construction of the refinery appears to have dramatically modified the terrestrial components of the site. However, the shoreline reserve east of the refinery where the seaplane ramp was probably located appears to be reclaimed land, and possible remains of the ramp (and any other associated pier/jetty) may exist in this area or underwater. History of Site: A seaplane base was noted in this area in 1925 (G408). Further research is required for this area. Informants and other information: G408, 1925, North Shore and Corio, 10/6/1925 Map Showing Location of Site:


Modern Site Name: Refinery Pier/ Shell Intake Training Wall/ Shell Outlet Training Wall Site Type: Industry, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Refinery Pier

Refinery Pier entrance from Wharf Rd

Shell Refinery Coolant Water Intake Training Walls and Dolphins


Shell Refinery Coolant Water Intake Training Walls and Culvert

Shell Refinery Stormwater Outlet

Shell Refinery Coolant Water Intake Training Walls

Shell Refinery Coolant Water Outlet Training Walls and Culvert

Location AMG (AGD 1966): Refinery Pier: 270688 5781108 Intake Training Wall: 270497 5781535 Stormwater Outlet 270562 5781650 Outlet Training Wall: 270680 5781971 Map Name: and Number: Geelong 7721

Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Extant pier and concrete water intake and outlet pipe culverts Statement of Significance: Associated with major oil exports and industry in Victoria since at least the 1950s. Major state industry. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 19/4/2004 Interpretation of Site: These facilities date from around 1954 onwards, and are associated with the current Shell refinery operation. History of Site: Berths 1 and 2 built in 1954 (Brownhill, 1990:707)


Informants and other information: Brownhill, Walter, Randolph, 1990, The History of Geelong and Corio Bay, with postscript 1955-1990, Geelong: Geelong Advertiser Map Showing Location of Site:


D7721-0132 Site Name: Kings Wharf Site Type: Industrial, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Kings Wharf opening in 1953 (In Ports and Harbours Branch, 1959: 294)

Kings Wharf and Cranes

Kings Wharf Hard, with Vessel docked at Refinery Pier at Rear



Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Intact wharf – probable original timbers incorporated into the pier construction. Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological relics associated with pier use (discard and lost items). Probable structural remains under current modern pier extensions. Condition: Good Present Use: Kings Wharf Statement of Significance: Associations with the steel industry. Significant associations with the development of the Port of Geelong. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 19/4/2004 Interpretation of Site: The site is still used as a commercial wharf, but elements of earlier sections of the wharf have likely been incorporated into later additions to the History of Site: Work began in 1951 and finished in 1953. Kings wharf is the northerly extension of Lascelles Wharf, and was used mainly for steel imports, as it had a wide and unimpeded deck (Ports and Harbours Branch, 1959:274; G326). When Lascelles Wharf complex was completed in 1970, the Kings Wharf, which had been strengthened in 1965 to accommodate four large kangaroo pouch cranes for lifting sulphate and phosphate rock (Brownhill, 1990: 707). Informants and other information: Brownhill, Walter, Randolph, 1990, The History of Geelong and Corio Bay, with postscript 1955-1990, Geelong: Geelong Advertiser Ports and Harbours Branch, 1959, Sailing Directions, Victoria. Including Bass Strait. Melbourne: Department of Public Works G326, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1963, Lascelles and Kings Wharf Area Drawn from Survey Made by GHT Hydrographic Surveyor Office




H7721-0133 Site Name: Lascelles Wharf/ Phosphate Company Conveyor Site Type: Industrial, Maritime Listings: Photograph of Site:

Lascelles Wharf Reclamation

Lascelles Wharf Reclamation, and Phosphate Company Overhead Conveyor

Phosphate Company Overhead Conveyor


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Large timber piled concrete wharf. Overhead conveyor for transportation of phosphate from wharf to Incitec/ Phosphate Company premises Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological relics associated with pier use (discard and lost items). Overhead Conveyor, reclaimed land, wharf. Condition: Good Present Use: Fertiliser Wharf Statement of Significance: Used for major shipments of fertiliser from this site since at least the 1920s (Loney, 1981: 134). Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 19/4/2004


Interpretation of Site: The wharf is still being used and could not be accessed. However it appears that some parts of the original wharf have been incorporated into the newer sections of the wharf, and therefore sections of archaeological structures may exist in these regions. History of Site: Built prior to 1929 (Loney, 1981:134). The overhead conveyor was built prior to 1959 to transport produce for the Phosphate Company (Ports and Harbours Branch, 1959:274). The wharf has been rebuilt and extended, and land reclaimed around it (Strachan, 2000). When Lascelles Wharf complex was completed in 1970, the Kings Wharf, which had been strengthened in 1965 to accommodate four large kangaroo pouch cranes for lifting sulphate and phosphate rock (Brownhill, 1990: 707). Informants and other information: Brownhill, Walter, Randolph, 1990, The History of Geelong and Corio Bay, with postscript 1955-1990, Geelong: Geelong Advertiser Loney, J., 1981, Ships in Corio Bay, Geelong, 1840-1980, Newtown: Neptune Press. Ports and Harbours Branch, 1959, Sailing Directions, Victoria. Including Bass Strait. Melbourne: Department of Public Works Strachan, Shirley, 2000, Geelong Maritime Museum, Concept Plan Project. Maritime Thematic Report (Resource Support for the Concept Plan). Report prepared for the National Wool Museum, City of Greater Geelong Map Showing Location of Site:


H7721-0134 Site Name: Land Boom or Landboomers Jetty/ Phosphate Works Pier/ Pivot Pier Site Type: Civic, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Extent of Landboom Jetty, showing seawall in bushes on left and jetty head at right

Landboom Jetty Seawall behind bushes

Landboom Jetty Pier Piles

Landboom Jetty Head



Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Dressed sandstone jetty and seawall. Timber pier piles, both on shore and in water. Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological relics associated with jetty/pier use (discard and lost items). Structural remains of stone access jetty and timber pier piles. Condition: Good Present Use: Moorpanyal Park Statement of Significance: Used for first land sales in this area to attract buyers. Later used by Pivot fertilisers for loading fertilizer produce. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 19/4/2004 Interpretation of Site: Two phases of construction. Sandstone pier built as a landing originally, and was probably later extended with a pier by Pivot for loading fertiliser. History of Site: The jetty/ pier is marked on various charts dating from 1915 – 1930 (G81, G446), and it is still listed as “the Phosphate Jetty” on another map for that year (G143). By 1925, the “L” bend was built at the pier extremity (G408). The pier is still shown on a 1950s map (G178). The pier is not shown on plans after this time (G274), and local sailing directions (Ports and Harbours Branch, 1959: 289) record the pier as ruinous in 1959. A local resident, Rob Craddock, remembers a short pier at this site many years ago, from which he used to fish. Informants and other information: Ports and Harbours Branch, 1959, Sailing Directions, Victoria. Including Bass Strait. Melbourne: Department of Public Works Plans: G81, Geelong Military Survey Map, June 1915 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G143, Tourist Map of Geelong and District, 1933, Crown Lands Department Plan (Geelong Heritage Centre). G178, Shrimpton and Co, 1950s, Geelong Presbyterian Parishes, Reproduced by Permission of Geelong Water and Sewerage Trust (Geelong Heritage Centre). G274, Geelong District to 1951, 1962 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G408, 1925, North Shore and Corio, 10/6/1925 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G446, Shrimpton and Son, c. 1930s, Street Map of Geelong and Suburbs, Reproduced by Permission of Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust(Geelong Heritage Centre). Personal Communications: Rob Craddock pers comms (Geelong Historical Society)



Directions for Relocation of Site: Melways Ref 442 F2. Accessed via a dirt access road off the The Esplanade at the eastern end of Sea Breeze Parade, North Shore below the Lascelles Wharf Weighbridge


Site Name: Corio Channel Marker Dolphins Site Type: Civic, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Corio Bay Channel near Piles #5 & 6

Corio Channel #8 Pile Light near Lascelles Wharf


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Extant channel marker dolphins. Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological relics associated with channel use (discard and lost items). Extant Pile Structure (dolphins) Statement of Significance: The dolphins probably have social significance as part of the aesthetic landscape of Corio Bay, and are possibly used by local/ recreational mariners as local transit marks. It should be noted that many community members and groups expressed concern at the removal of similar dolphin structures in Port Phillip in the late eighties/early nineties. Those sites were of social and aesthetic significance to many of the local bay side communities as they were used as transit markers for fishing and diving sites in the bay. Many mariners expressed concern that the structures had been part of the aesthetic/ visual landscape of the Bay, and that no community consultation had been undertaken before they were removed. Given the similarities between the age of these structures and the Corio Bay dolphins, it is clear that further research is required to document the social value of these structures. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 19/4/2004


History of Site: The beacon dolphins date approximately from the period 1910 – 1960s (G 308). Further work is required to accurately date the installation of these facilities. Informants and other information: G308, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, c1910, Proposed Beacon for AGA Lights (Geelong Heritage Centre). G308, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1937, Gas House for Channel Beacons (Geelong Heritage Centre). G309, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, nd, Gas Buoy (Geelong Heritage Centre). G309, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, nd, Temporary Buoy to Show Alteration Necessary to Install AGA Light (Geelong Heritage Centre). Map Showing Location of Site:


D7721-0136 Site Name: Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platforms Site Type: Recreation, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platforms #2 &1

Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #3

Fishermen using Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #3. Note iron piles used to reinforce the structure



Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #5 from south

Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #7, 6 & 5


Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #9 from south

Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #10 & 11


Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #12 & 13 & Land Boom

Location AMG (AGD 1966): From: 269614 5779515 To: 270115 5779874 Map Name: and Number: Geelong 7721

Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Vernacular fishing platforms and accessways made of local stone (and sometimes rubble) piled into groynes to access natural rock platforms offshore. The access ways are less than 0.5m wide and between 5-10m long. Some access ways appear to be paired, curving together at the extremities, and strongly resemble fishtraps in appearance. Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological deposits associated with platform, access way use (discard and lost items – predominantly fishing equipment) Structural remains of the access ways, often scattered by storms . Condition: Good Present Use: Moorpanyal Park Statement of Significance: Social significance to the local community as a component of the recreational (fishing) landscape of the North Shore. Unique structures so far encountered in this project. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 19/4/2004


Plan of Site:

All features Associated with Site: Interpretation of Site: Stone and rubble has been pilled into rough groyne walkways to reach natural reef platforms that dry at low tide, which are close to deep water channels offshore (the Corio Channel passes within 80m of the shoreline at this point). Fishermen were seen accessing these platforms during the inspection, which provide a stable surface from which to fish. Dale Jennings has indicated that good sized snapper are caught along these locations, as the fish follow the deep water channel close to shore. History of Site: These vernacular structures were placed here by local recreational fishermen to access the natural ironstone rock platforms that lay just 5-10m offshore. The platforms are regularly rearranged by storms. The North Shore Residents Group have in association with the Geelong City Council have planned to install fishing platforms near the steps of the pumping station and at Moorpanyal Park. The Corio Shire Council once installed groynes in this area to try to prevent foreshore erosion. The History of the project is contained in a book by Trevor Prescott, and is also included in a Plan for the foreshore district by the local council. The use of these platforms has grown more popular over the years as fishermen have been prohibited from using the local piers (Dale Jennings, pers comms) Informants and other information: Dale Jennings, pers comms, North Shore Residents Group



Directions for Relocation of Site: Melways Ref 442 E3, F2 &3, G2, Moorpanyal Reserve


D7721-0137 Site Name: Moorpanyal Park Shell Midden Site Type: Maritime, Indigenous?, Recreation Photograph of Site:

Moorpanyal Park Shell Midden from north


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Shell midden on top of cliff on SE corner of Moorpanyal Park. A signpost has been mounted in the midden. Key Components of Site: Oyster and other shell types. Condition: Good Present Use: Moorpanyal Park Statement of Significance: Part of possible historic recreational landscape of North Shore. Could have indigenous origins. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 19/4/2004 Interpretation of Site: Could be related to historic recreational use of the area and/or earlier indigenous occupation. Needs further investigation History of Site: Close to North Shore Baths in 1920s – 30s. Fishing has always been popular near this site – see Moorpanyal Pak Vernacular Fishing Platforms


Informants and other information: Dale Jennings, pers comms, North Shore Residents Group Map Showing Location of Site:


D7721-0139 Site Name: Moorpanyal Park Bluestone Drain Outlet Disperser Site Type: Civic, Maritime Photograph of Site:

North Shore Bluestone Drain Outlet Disperser, with North Shore Vernacular Fishing Platform at rear


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Stormwater drain outlet disperser. Key Components of Site: Bluestone paving block drain outlet water current disperser, approx 10m long. Condition: Good Present Use: Moorpanyal Reserve Statement of Significance: Part of municipal drainage services for the area. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 19/4/2004 Interpretation of Site: The site appears to be part of the former stormwater drainage facilities for the area, but from its dilapidated state appears to no longer an active component of the stormwater network. History of Site: Unknown




H7721-0140 Site Name: North Shore Baths Site Type: Civic, Recreation, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Location of North Shore Baths

North Shore Baths Changing Pavilion Concrete Foundation Pad

North Shore Baths Changing Pavilion Concrete Foundation Pad


North Shore Baths Seawall c. 1960s


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Concrete foundation pad in hillside below Moorpanyal Park. Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological deposits associated with baths use (discard and lost items). Concrete Foundation pad. Statement of Significance: Part of the recreational landscape of Geelong. Local heritage significance. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Interpretation of Site: The area appears to have been used as a popular swimming and recreation area for many years. The foundation pad appears consistent with 1930s structures previously examined. A partially collapsed seawall dating from the 1960s still stands on the western side of Moorpanyal Park, along with an access path. History of Site: A small Pavilion and costume changing building stood in this area during the 1920s-30s and was called the North Shore Baths. The seawall to the west of the baths pad was installed in the 1960s by the council (Dale Jennings, pers comms) Informants and other information: Dale Jennings, North Shore Residents Group Map Showing Location of Site:


Directions for Relocation of Site: Melways Ref


H7721-0141 Site Name: International Harvester Company Intake Pipe Pier and Outlet Pipe Site Type: Industrial, Maritime Photograph of Site:

International Harvester Water Intake Pipe Pier in 1959 (In: Ports and Harbours Branch, 1959

International Harvester Water Coolant Inlet Pipe Pier

International Harvester Water Coolant Inlet Pipe Pier


International Harvesters Pier and Water Coolant Intake Pier (on foreshore) & Outlet Pipe (Top)

International Harvester Water Coolant Outlet Pipe

International Harvester Inlet Warehouse Shed


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Concrete outlet pipe at top of cliff. Former intake pipe support pier at base of cliff extending out into water. Timber support piles and brick rubble reinforcement – possibly a jetty. Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological relics associated with pier use (discard and lost items). Structural remains of pier. Statement of Significance: Only example of an inlet /outlet pipe pier in this area. Associated with the industrial landscape of Geelong. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Interpretation of Site: The remains of a water intake pipe pier are located at the bottom of the cliff face, and consist of a number of upright piles and surrounding rubble. A concrete outlet pipe is located at the top of the cliff above this facility. History of Site: The site was occupied by the International Harvester Company in 1925 (G408), which produced a variety of agricultural equipment. Informants and other information:


Dale Jennings, North Shore Residents Group Map Showing Location of Site:


H7721-0142 Site Name: Fletchers Pier/ Geelong Freezing Works Pier Site Type: Industrial, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Fletchers Pier (highlighted) in 1938, and Fords Pier (right) (In; Hawthorne and Reid, 1988:129)


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Timber pile pier Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological relics associated with pier use (discard and lost items). Probable structural remains of pier underwater. Condition: Fair Present Use: Foreshore Reserve Statement of Significance: One of the first piers involved in attempts to establish a frozen meat trade. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 15/4/2004 History of Site: Corio Quay North Freezer Works: Built in 1895, the Geelong Freezing Works, also known as W&R Fletchers Freezing Works (F4) were located on the north side of Corio Quay North. Planned shipments of meat from a jetty on the north side of Corio Quay never eventuated after a fire burnt the factory down. Although a jetty and/or pier and brick building still stood on the site (G81 – in 1915), the jetty was never used for shipping, except when the Barwon blew onto the jetty one night in a strong wind, and it tied up alongside until the weather abated (Gordon,


2004; Ports and Harbours Branch, 1959:294). The pier was still extant in 1946 (G 378; G402, 1-3). Informants and other information: Gordon, Capt Chris, 2004, Piers and Jetties of Geelong, Lecture Given to Geelong Historical Society Meeting, March 2004. Capt Gordon is an ex Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioner, and Committee member of the National Trust Ports and Harbours Branch, 1959, Sailing Directions, Victoria. Including Bass Strait. Melbourne: Department of Public Works Plans: F4, nd, Fordson Estate, North Geelong, Plan and brochure of Subdivision (Geelong Heritage Centre). G81, Sketch Map – Geelong Victoria, Geelong South J55M Northern Half, Geelong Military Survey Map, June 1915 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G321, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1909, Plan of Corio Quay, North Geelong, Photo Lithographed at Department of Lands and Survey Melbourne (Geelong Heritage Centre). G378, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1946, Corio Quay District (Geelong Heritage Centre). G384, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1939, Plan of Log pond and Corio Quay, Plan No 1568 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G402, 1-3, C.W. & S.T., Proposed Route of Eastern Interceptor Sewer Etc, North Shore, 5/8/1926, Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust, 1926-28, North Shore Sewers (Geelong Heritage Centre). Map Showing Location of Site:


Chapter 5.3: Maritime Infrastructure Heritage Project Geelong: Corio Quay North to Rippleside Pier

Corio Quay to Rippleside



D7721-0143 Site Name: Prison Hulk Mooring Ground Cowies Creek - Sacramento Site Type: Civic, Convict, Maritime

Location AMG AGD 1966: 269007 5778978 Map Name: and Number: Geelong 7721

Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Former prison hulk moorings. Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological relics associated with ships use (discard and lost items). Possible mooring remains – anchor, chain or barrel hoops Condition: Fair Present Use: Corio Bay Statement of Significance: Possible state level significance if site positively identified. High significance as probably the first convict hulk mooring sites in Victoria, and as part for the convict landscape of Victoria. Essential service that contributed to many of the maritime infrastructure projects in the Geelong area. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 24/6/2004 Interpretation of Site: The exact site has not been identified (bit its general vicinity is known). It is likely that there would be substantial archaeological discard under the former mooring site, along with possible remains of the former mooring anchor, chain and barrel hoops. The Sacramento site at Cowies Creek was to the East of the Ford Wharf (Don Campbell, pers comms), which has probably lost some of its archaeological integrity due to dredging in the area. The site is likely to lie on the western side of Limeburners Point, which is also known as Eastern Beach, as the eastern side in Stingaree Bay is too shallow to moor vessels of that size. Hulks in Williamstown were close to the shore, but as Geelong residents appeared paranoid about the presence of prisoners, the ships were probably moored further offshore than usual, but close to the proximity of the individual job where labour was employed. History of Site: Immigration associated with the early gold rush and the subsequent increased crime placed increased pressure on the local prison systems. In 1850, the prison hulk Sacramento was moored off Eastern Beach (Limeburners Point) where she was used as a public prison. Prisoners from the hulk were destined to work on the construction of the Eastern Jetty until objections by local residents curtailed their use (Loney, 1981: 60). In July 1854, she was moved to the vicinity of Cowies Creek in order for the prisoners to work on the Geelong to Melbourne Railway, and was a relief platform for prisoners who were usually employed breaking rocks. The vessel was moved to Melbourne at the end of the year to be stationed off Williamstown, much to the relief of


Geelong residents who had never felt comfortable or safe with convict labour (Brownhill, 1990, 608-609). In 1852, the Success arrived at Pt Henry after having disembarked emigrants at Melbourne. When she arrived, her crew jumped ship and she remained at anchor there until the government purchased and refitted her as a prison ship. She was towed back to Geelong in 1853, where she was moored off Eastern Beach while her prisoners were used for labour on the Geelong Railway and other works, and was later used as a prison ship at Williamstown (Brownhill, 1990:608; Loney, 1981:14). Informants and other information: Brownhill, Walter, Randolph, 1990, The History of Geelong and Corio Bay, with postscript 1955-1990, Geelong: Geelong Advertiser Loney, J., 1981, Ships in Corio Bay, Geelong, 1840-1980, Newtown: Neptune Press. Don Campbell, Geelong Maritime Museum Map Showing Location of Site:


H7721-0144 Site Name: Fords Wharf/Corio Quay North Site Type: Industry, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Fords Wharf in 1940s

Corio Quay North Berths #1-3

Corio Quay North #3

Corio Quay North #3 from east


Mooring Buoy at Entrance To Corio Quay North

Woodchip Loading Facility, Corio Quay North

Corio Quay North Crane, Conveyor and Railway Tracks


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Extant timber pile wharf. Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological relics associated with wharf use (discard and lost items). Probable structural remains. Condition: Extant Present Use: Wood Chip Loading Statement of Significance: Corio Quay North is a significant component of the Geelong Harbour landscape. Strong associations with the timber, fertilizer, meat, and automobile industries. Ford’s Wharf was associated with car manufacturing, one of the earliest mechanized industries in Geelong and the State. Ford was also involved in the production of army landing barges and other vessels for WWII, in addition to the production of sea mines. Possible state level significance. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 15/4/2004


History of Site: By the early 1850s this foreshore area was recognized as an important potential site for a harbour (Brownhill, 1990: 285). The Ford Motor Company had their own pier (which was extant in 1926 (G402, 1-3)) near the NW corner of the Quay (G402, 1-3), which appears to have been constructed as part of the Fordson Estate / Fordtown Development (F4, F11). Fords had disappeared by 1946 (G378) and appears to have subsequently been incorporated into subsequent landfill to create Berths (# 1& 2) in 1958. The first section of the Corio Quay North Wharf (Berth #3) was built sometime between 1927-1929 at the north eastern section of the Quay (Loney, 1981:134; G402, 1-3). The entire foreshore area behind this Quay was filled in 1954 to provide road and rail access to the quay (Ports and Harbours Branch, 1959: 293). Berths 1 and 2 were added in 1957, a six ton portal crane in 1958, and a cargo shed in 1959 (Brownhill, 1990:707). Informants and other information: Brownhill, Walter, Randolph, 1990, The History of Geelong and Corio Bay, with postscript 1955-1990, Geelong: Geelong Advertiser. Gordon, Capt Chris, 2004, Piers and Jetties of Geelong, Lecture Given to Geelong Historical Society Meeting, March 2004. Capt Gordon is an ex Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioner, and Committee member of the National Trust. Ports and Harbours Branch, 1959, Sailing Directions, Victoria. Including Bass Strait. Melbourne: Department of Public Works Plans: F4, nd, Fordson Estate, North Geelong, Plan and brochure of Subdivision (Geelong Heritage Centre). F11, nd, Plan of Fordtown, North Geelong. Opposite of The Ford Motor Works, Aerial View of Works (Geelong Heritage Centre). G378, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1946, Corio Quay District (Geelong Heritage Centre). G384, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1939, Plan of Log pond and Corio Quay (Geelong Heritage Centre). G402, 1-3, C.W. & S.T., Proposed Route of Eastern Interceptor Sewer Etc, North Shore, 5/8/1926, Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust, 1926-28, North Shore Sewers (Geelong Heritage Centre).




D7721-0145 Site Name: Oriental Timber Log Pond/ Cowies Creek Railway Bridge Site Type: Industrial, Maritime Photograph of Site:

The Oriental Timer Mills Log Pond (In: Begg, 1990)

Log Pond at rear of Corio Quay (Diorama, Geelong Maritime Museum)

Log Pond Canal Sheet Piling under Corio Quay Railway Siding Bridge, and Log Pond/ Cowies Creek Culvert from North


Cowies Creek Dam and Railway Bridge Abutments

Railway Bridge Abutments, Cowies Creek

Cowies Creek Dam over former Log Pond Entrance


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Railway bridge abutments, Cowies Creek dam, canal timber sheet piling. Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological relics associated with pier use (discard and lost items). Probable structural remains of former log pond surrounds, canal and access piers. Statement of Significance: Only log Pond in Geelong and possibly the state. Part of wider timber trade landscape that still continues in this area. Major industry for the Geelong region. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 19/4/2004 Interpretation of Site: The Pond remains are located under vacant land of the Ford Company Grounds. The structural members of the log pond surrounds are probably still buried in this area. The weir and traffic bridge date to around 1935. The stone railway bridge dates to 1856.


History of Site: This section of foreshore was recognized as an important site for a potential harbour as early as the 1850s, and an elevated railway bridge was constructed across Cowies Creek by 1856 (Brownhill, 1990: 285; 430). The Oriental Timber Mill began operating in 1909, and imported logs from Siberia and Japan, which were offloaded into the water at Corio Quay (prior to its construction), and floated via a canal to the sawmill (timber was also transported on barges). The outbreak of WWI made it difficult for the company to keep trading and it closed in 1916 (Begg, 1990). The pond was still extant until at least 1938 (G384; G389), but appears to have been obsolete by 1946 when excavation/ dredging began for Corio Quay (G378). A Bridge and weir were constructed across the creek by 1935 (G364; G365). Informants and other information: Begg, Peter, 1990, Geelong: The First 150 Years, Geelong: Geelong Advertiser Brownhill, Walter, Randolph, 1990, The History of Geelong and Corio Bay, with postscript 1955-1990, Geelong: Geelong Advertiser Gordon, Capt Chris, 2004, Piers and Jetties of Geelong, Lecture Given to Geelong Historical Society Meeting, March 2004. Capt Gordon is an ex Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioner, and Committee member of the National Trust Ports and Harbours Branch, 1959, Sailing Directions, Victoria. Including Bass Strait. Melbourne: Department of Public Works Plans: G348, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1929, Corio Quay District (Geelong Heritage Centre). G363, 1939, The Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners: Logpond Cowies Creek - South Bank Extension, Goldstone, Engineer 21/11/1939, Plan No 1569/4 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G364, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, c. 1935, Cowies Creek Weir (Geelong Heritage Centre). G365, Goldstone, F.G., 1935, Bridge over Cowies Creek, Corio Bay, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners (Geelong Heritage Centre). G377, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1939, Corio Quay (Geelong Heritage Centre). G378, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1946, Corio Quay District (Geelong Heritage Centre). G384, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1939, Plan of Log pond and Corio Quay, Plan No 1568 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G385, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, c. 1938, Extension of Channel through the Log Pond (Geelong Heritage Centre). G 389, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1938-40, Feature Survey of Foreshore, Parish of Moorpanyal, County of Grant (Geelong Heritage Centre).


G402, 1-3, C.W. & S.T., Proposed Route of Eastern Interceptor Sewer Etc, North Shore, 5/8/1926, Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust, 1926-28, North Shore Sewers (Geelong Heritage Centre). Map Showing Location of Site:

Owner /Occupier: Owners Name: Ford Motor Company


D7721-0146

Site Name: Corio Quay South Berth #2 Site Type: Industrial, Maritime Listings: Photograph of Site:

Corio Quay South Berth #2, Central Quay and North Quay

Incitec Warehouse Shed at Corio Quay Berth #2, and Overhead Conveyor


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: wharf Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological relics associated with pier use (discard and lost items). Probable structural remains of earlier wharf structures under current wharf. Condition: Good Present Use: Wharf Statement of Significance: One of a complex of wharves that forms Corio Quay. Essential service for the port. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 19/4/2004 Interpretation of Site: The site was not inspected.


History of Site: This section of foreshore earmarked as early as the 1850s as a potential harbour site (Brownhill, 1990: 285). The site was used as a sawmill in 1915 (G81) and later was used principally to load phosphate and sulphur rock in 1959 (Ports and Harbours Branch, 1959: 293). The site is currently used to store logs for woodchip exports. Informants and other information: Brownhill, Walter, Randolph, 1990, The History of Geelong and Corio Bay, with postscript 1955-1990, Geelong: Geelong Advertiser Gordon, Capt Chris, 2004, Piers and Jetties of Geelong, Lecture Given to Geelong Historical Society Meeting, March 2004. Capt Gordon is an ex Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioner, and Committee member of the National Trust Ports and Harbours Branch, 1959, Sailing Directions, Victoria. Including Bass Strait. Melbourne: Department of Public Works Plans: F4, nd, Fordson Estate, North Geelong, Plan and brochure of Subdivision (Geelong Heritage Centre). F11, nd, Plan of Fordtown, North Geelong. Opposite of The Ford Motor Works, Aerial View of Works (Geelong Heritage Centre). G81, Sketch Map – Geelong Victoria, Geelong South J55M Northern Half, Geelong Military Survey Map, June 1915 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G321, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1909, Plan of Corio Quay, North Geelong, Photo Lithographed at Department of Lands and Survey Melbourne (Geelong Heritage Centre). G348, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1929, Corio Quay District (Geelong Heritage Centre). G377, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1939, Corio Quay (Geelong Heritage Centre). G378, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1946, Corio Quay District (Geelong Heritage Centre). G384, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1939, Plan of Log pond and Corio Quay, Plan No 1568 G385, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, c. 1938, Extension of Channel through the Log Pond (Geelong Heritage Centre). G 389, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1938-40, Feature Survey of Foreshore, Parish of Moorpanyal, County of Grant (Geelong Heritage Centre). G397, VR North Geelong: Plan Showing Existing Layout of Sidings etc on the Geelong Harbour Trust’s Property Corio Quay, c1938 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G398, Victorian Railways, North Geelong, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, Ballard, E., 1918 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G401, Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust, c. 1910 (Geelong Heritage Centre).


G402, 1-3, C.W. & S.T., Proposed Route of Eastern Interceptor Sewer Etc, North Shore, 5/8/1926, Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust, 1926-28, North Shore Sewers (Geelong Heritage Centre). Map Showing Location of Site:

Owner /Occupier: Occupier: Toll Geelong


H7721-0147 Site Name: Corio Freezing Works and Abattoir Wharf and Freezers/ Corio Quay South Berth #1 Site Type: Industrial, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Corio Freezing Works and Abattoir Wharf Western Dolphins

Corio Freezing Works and Abattoir Wharf

Wall of Extant Freezing Works of the Corio Freezing Works and Abattoir

Entrance to Freezers of the Corio Freezing Works and Abattoir



Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Remnants of timber piled dolphins and wharves, underground freezing works and abattoirs. Remains of structural components of the freezing works (including factory buildings and wharves) both underwater and underground. Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological relics associated with pier use (discard and lost items). Probable structural remains of freezer works both underground and underwater. Condition: Good – extant but ruinous Present Use: Timber Yard Statement of Significance: First frozen meat exports in the country. Possible state level and national significance. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 15/4/2004 Plan of Site:

Interpretation of Site: The dolphin piers/wharves appear to be associated with the original freezer works. Large underground concrete rooms built into the side of what (at first) appears to be a retaining wall are probably the remains of the freezing works and abattoirs. History of Site: Corio Quay South Meatworks/ Jetty and Conveyor: A meatworks and associated freezer works were built on the south side of Corio Quay to ship refrigerated meat to England sometime prior to 1909 (G322; G135;G154). The works were leased to Sims Coopers & Company Freezing Works (F4, F11), and stood there for many years. The venture was never really successful, and only low numbers of meat were shipped over the years. By the 1930s the venture had been taken over by the


Geelong Harbour Trust, and was known as the “Harbour Trust Freezing Works” (G446) or “Corio Freezing Works” (G106). There was a jetty and conveyor belt to assist loading, but these were hardly ever used (Gordon, 2004). This section of wharf is also known as Corio Quay South Berth #1. Informants and other information: Gordon, Capt Chris, 2004, Piers and Jetties of Geelong, Lecture Given to Geelong Historical Society Meeting, March 2004. Capt Gordon is an ex Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioner, and Committee member of the National Trust F4, nd, Fordson Estate, North Geelong, Plan and brochure of Subdivision (Geelong Heritage Centre). F11, nd, Plan of Fordtown, North Geelong. Opposite of The Ford Motor Works, Aerial View of Works (Geelong Heritage Centre). G106, Cox, H. L. 1933, (1864, corrected to 1933), Australia South Coast, Geelong Harbour, London: Hydrographic Office, Admiralty (Geelong Heritage Centre). G154, Cox 1864, Corrected to 1914, Geelong Harbour, London: Hydrographic Office Admiralty (Geelong Heritage Centre). G321, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1909, Plan of Corio Quay, North Geelong, Photo Lithographed at Department of Lands and Survey Melbourne (Geelong Heritage Centre). G322, D’Ebro, C. A., 1909, Corio Quay Freezing Works and Abattoirs (19 plans) (Geelong Heritage Centre). G348, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1929, Corio Quay District (Geelong Heritage Centre). G377, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1939, Corio Quay (Geelong Heritage Centre). G378, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1946, Corio Quay District. G397, VR North Geelong: Plan Showing Existing Layout of Sidings etc on the Geelong Harbour Trust’s Property Corio Quay, c1938? (Geelong Heritage Centre). G398, , Victorian Railways, North Geelong, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, Ballard, E., 1918 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G401, Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust, c. 1910 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G446, Shrimpton and Son, c. 1930s, Geelong, Street Map of Geelong and Suburbs, Reproduced by Permission of Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust (Geelong Heritage Centre).




H7721-0148 Site Name: Cresco Fertilizer Pier Site Type: Industrial, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Cresco Fertilizer Pier, with Bulk Wheat Pier at Rear (Photo: Geelong Naval and Maritime Museum)


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: No evidence of the pier was visible onshore, but underwater archaeological remains and associated relics are anticipated. Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological relics associated with pier use (discard and lost items). Probable structural remains of pier both underwater and in the intertidal zone. Condition: Fair Present Use: Foreshore Reserve Statement of Significance: Associations with the Victorian fertilizer industry. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 15/4/2004 Interpretation of Site: The pier may have been associated either with the Cresco Fertilizer works or The Corio Quay Freezing Works. History of Site: This pier was constructed sometime between 1929 and 1946 (G 348; G378), and can be seen in aerial images from the 1950s (on display at Geelong Naval and Maritime Museum). It was listed in 1959 as a small jetty remains located one cable to the north of the Bulk Wheat Pier (Ports and Harbours Branch, 1959: 290).


Informants and other information: Ports and Harbours Branch, 1959, Sailing Directions, Victoria. Including Bass Strait. Melbourne: Department of Public Works. Plans: G378, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1946, Corio Quay District, Plan No 7245 (Geelong Heritage Centre) Map Showing Location of Site:


D7721-0149 Site Name: Bulk Wheat Pier Site Type: Industrial, Agricultural, Maritime Listings: Photograph of Site:

Bulk Wheat Pier from south

Bulk Wheat Pier Grain Elevator Dischargers

New Bulk Wheat Pier

Grain Elevators Board Wheat Silos and Conveyor to Bulk Wheat Pier



Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Extant wheat pier and associated overhead conveyors, silos and railway sidings. Possible archaeological structural material and relics may exist under landfill and underwater. Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological relics associated with pier use (discard and lost items). Probable structural remains of pier underwater on the seabed. Condition: Good - extant Present Use: Statement of Significance: State level significance for its associations with the development of the Victorian wheat industry. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 15/4/2004 Plan of Site:

All features Associated with Site: Silos, Railway lines, piers, conveyor belts systems, grain storage sheds Interpretation of Site: The silos and pier appear to be substantially intact, as is the later pier. History of Site: From 1910 onwards, Geelong began to agitate for increased wheat exports to be based at that port, and incentives were offered by Victorian Railways Commissioners to use local ports instead of delivering exports to Williamstown (Barnard, 2003: 33). Up until 1932, the majority of the State’s wheat trade was exported through the piers at Williamstown. However, when a large section of Gellibrand Pier was closed for reconstruction in 1932, the focus of wheat exports temporarily shifted to Geelong. Although the Grain Elevators Board recommended the installation of elevated conveyors


and silos at Gellibrand and Breakwater Piers (Williamstown), delays associated with a dispute with the Melbourne Harbour Trust eventually led to Geelong gaining control of the wheat export market in 1939. Wheat silos were first constructed in Geelong for the Grain Elevators Board to load bulk wheat ships from 1937-38 (Duncan, 2005) were followed by an associated pier 1939 (Barnard, 2003: 27; G348). A second overhead conveyor pier was built to the north sometime after 1977 (G167). Informants and other information: Barnard, Jill, 2003, Jetties and Piers, A Draft Background History of Maritime Infrastructure in Victoria: As Part One of the Maritime Infrastructure Heritage Study, June 2003, Report prepared for Heritage Victoria, Maritime Heritage Unit Duncan, Brad, 2005, Railway/ Gellibrand Pier, Williamstown: An Historical Research Study Commissioned by Heritage Victoria, (With Comments on the Port of Melbourne Corporation Permit Application P8996), Heritage Victoria: Melbourne Plans: G165, Geelong and Suburbs, Broadbents No. 180, Street Plan of Geelong and Suburbs, c. 1960, Geelong: The Paul Hamlyn Group (Geelong Heritage Centre). G 167, McHardy’s Publications, c. 1970s, Geelong, Victoria Australia, Geelong Street Map, McHardy’s Publications (Geelong Heritage Centre). G291, c.1977, Geelong, Victoria, Australia, Geelong: McHardy’s Publications (Geelong Heritage Centre). G348, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1939, Corio Quay District, Plan 150/4 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G378, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1946, Corio Quay District, Plan No 7245 (Geelong Heritage Centre). P40, c. mid 1950s, Broadbent Maps, No 355, Northern Port Phillip Bay and Geelong Harbour, Southern and Northern Chart, Maps 353B and 355 B (Geelong Heritage Centre).




D7721-0150 Site Name: State Energy Commission Power Station Pier Site Type: Civic, Industry, Maritime Photograph of Site:

State Energy Commission Power Station Pier (Geelong Naval and Maritime Museum Display c 1950s)


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: No evidence of the former site was visible on land, but underwater archaeological structural remains and associated relics are probable. Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological relics associated with pier use (discard and lost items). Probable structural remains of pier underwater. Statement of Significance: Essential component of State Electricity Commission. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 29/4/2004 Interpretation of Site: The site is not visible above water, but remains of the pier are probable underwater and on the seabed. History of Site: Shown in aerial photo from 1950s (GNMM). The facility appears to have been constructed to transport coal to the generator site.


Informants and other information: Geelong Maritime Museum Display Map Showing Location of Site:


H7721-0151 Site Name: Osborne House Jetty and Boat Shed/ Swinburne Baths, Site Type: Civic, Recreation, Defence, Maritime Photograph of Site:

1919 plan of Osborne House Pier and Boat Shed (G374)

Swinburne St Baths and Osborne House Jetty in 1939 (G389)

Swinburne St Baths (Geelong Maritime Museum Collection)

Osborne House, former Naval College, home of the Geelong Maritime Museum

St Helens Marina showing site of former Swinburne St Baths and Osborne House Jetty

Site of former Swinburne St Baths under boat ramp in foreground. Australian Volunteer Coastguard Building at rear.



Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Boat house, baths and pier now located under St Helens Marina Development. Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological relics associated with pier/bath use (discard and lost items). Probable structural remains of pier under under land reclamation Condition: Good Present Use: St Helens Marina / Statement of Significance: Significant component of Defence landscape of Victoria. Associated with Geelong Naval College from 1905 to 1933 (at least). Harboured Cerberus and J Class Submarine Fleet. Social significance to local community as a recreational bathing structure. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 15/4/2004 Interpretation of Site: The site is probably covered by the land reclamation built for the St Helens Marina, and archaeological remains are likely. History of Site: A Naval College Jetty (actually probably a pier) was located at this site around 1905 (G154) and was still there as late as 1933 (G 106). This pier was used as a base for the J Class Submarine Fleet and the HMVS Cerberus in 1920 (White, 1992). Baths were added to the northern side of the pier sometime around 1919 (S36). The pier was still extant in the 1950s (G178) but had either been demolished or incorporated land reclamation as part of the St Helens Marina (G165). Informants and other information: White, M. 1992. Australian Submarines: A History. Australian Government Publishing

Service, Canberra.

Plans: G42, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, nd, General Plan, Printed by Thackers (Geelong Heritage Centre). G 106, Cox, H. L. 1933, Geelong Harbour, 1864, corrected to 1933 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G138, c.1941, Tourist Map, Geelong. Victorian Railways, Melbourne – swim pool (Geelong Heritage Centre). G143, Tourist Map of Geelong and District, 1933, Crown Lands Department Plan (Geelong Heritage Centre). G154, Cox 1864, Corrected to 1905, Geelong Harbour (Geelong Heritage Centre). G165, Street Plan of Geelong and Suburbs, c. 1960, Broadbent No. 180 - baths (Geelong Heritage Centre).


G178, Shrimpton and Co, 1950s, Geelong Presbyterian Parishes, Reproduced by Permission of Geelong Water and Sewerage Trust – new jetty (Geelong Heritage Centre). G374, Oliver, H.G., 1919, Shire of Corio, Outfall of Stormwater Sewer, North Geelong, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners G 389, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1938-40, Plan of Foreshore Osborne House to Huttons Wharf, Plan 7233 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G446, Shrimpton and Son, c. 1930s, Street Map of Geelong and Suburbs, Reproduced by Permission of Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust (Geelong Heritage Centre). S18, Holden G. F., Oct 1910, St Helens Estate, Sale Notice Plan, A/C (Geelong Heritage Centre). S36, Thacker, nd (c. 1919), St Helens Dwelling House and Building Allotments (Geelong Heritage Centre). Map Showing Location of Site:


H7721-0152 Site Name: St Helens Jetty/ Swimming Pool/ Baths and Boatshed Site Type: Civic, Recreation, Maritime Photograph of Site:

St Helens Baths in 1939 (G389, Geelong Heritage Centre)

St Helens Park, Jetty and Baths site from Victoria Avenue, showing probable location of former southern baths jetty


St Helens Baths and Jetty from St Davids St

Former northern jetty of enclosed St Helens Baths

Toilet Block, probably built on or near the site of the former St Helens Baths Boat Shed #1

Original St Helens Jetty under the current concrete capping of new St Helens Jetty approach

Access steps from the former St Helens Baths Jetty north

Access steps on south side of St Helens Baths



Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Extant southern F shaped pier (St Helens Jetty), jetty at shoreward end of pier. Probable baths and jetty remains on seabed south of current St Helens Pier approach, Probable artefacts from discard/loss during use of baths under St Helens Park and Marina Car park reclamation. Probable boat shed remains to adjacent east of current toilet block site (Boatshed #1), and 40m to south (Boatshed #2). Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological relics associated with pier, jetty, baths use (discard and lost items). Probable structural remains of pier/ jetty on seabed Condition: Good Present Use: St Helens Jetty and Baths Statement of Significance: Social significance as a recreational landscape for swimming and boating since at least 1941. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 15/4/2004 Interpretation of Site: The original jetty has been incorporated into the St Helens Baths Northern Jetty. The baths were formed by two jetties, of which one was probably a pier, which were enclosed at the eastern end. The southern Baths Jetty has since been demolished, but the Northern Jetty has been incorporated as an accessway to the current modern St Helens Jetty (pier). The area to the immediate north of the Northern Jetty has been filled to form the St Helens Boat Ramp Car park, and the Northern Jetty now appears like a concrete retaining wall. Steps from the former baths are still evident on the Northern Jetty and on the Western foreshore Promenade. Retaining wall and a short promenade also extend along the eastern end of St Helens Park. History of Site: St Helens Jetty was constructed sometime around 1910 (S18), when the jetty and two boatsheds are shown in this area between St Davids and Bay Streets. St Helens Swimming Pool is first in plan for 1941 (G138, G389), and was constructed from two parallel jetties with an enclosed end. A new jetty had been added here by the 1950s (G178), and by the 1960s the site was known as St Helens Baths (G165). A new Pier (St Helens Jetty was constructed at the extremity of the northern end of the St Helens Baths. By the 1960s, major land reclamation place took place to create St Helens Promenade and the car park for the St Helens Marina (G165). Informants and other information: G42, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, nd, General Plan, Printed by Thackers (Geelong Heritage Centre). G138, c.1941, Tourist Map, Geelong. Victorian Railways, Melbourne – swim pool (Geelong Heritage Centre). G178, Shrimpton and Co, 1950s, Geelong Presbyterian Parishes, Reproduced by Permission of Geelong Water and Sewerage Trust – new jetty (Geelong Heritage Centre). G165, Street Plan of Geelong and Suburbs, c. 1960, Broadbent No. 180 - baths (Geelong Heritage Centre). G 389, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1938-40, Plan of Foreshore Osborne House to Huttons Wharf (Geelong Heritage Centre).


S18, Holden G. F., Oct 1910, St Helens Estate, Sale Notice Plan, A/C (Geelong Heritage Centre). S36, Thacker, nd (c. 1919), St Helens Dwelling House and Building Allotments (Geelong Heritage Centre). Map Showing Location of Site:


H7721-0153 Site Name: Hutton’s Wharf or Pier/ Rippleside Workshops Site Type: Industrial, Civic, Maritime, Recreation Photographs of Site:

The Schooner Lorne being constructed at Rippleside in 1921 (In: Loney, 1981:91)

Vessel on Rippleside Pier (Geelong Maritime Museum Collection)

Rippleside GHT Workshops from the air (From promotional brochure for Rippleside Marina Proposal)

Rippleside GHT Workshops from Victoria St

Rippleside Slipway in late 1990s (Courtesy Shirley Strachan)

Rippleside Slipway Dolphins in late 1990s (Courtesy Shirley Strachan)


Rippleside GHT Workshops

Rippleside Pier (Courtesy Shirley Strachan)

Rippleside Harbour Trust Workshops from Balmoral Crescent

Proposed Rippleside Marina Development displayed at Developers Office onsite


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Harbour Trust Yard with workshops, crane and 250 ton slipway. Rippleside Pier – major pier for tug boats and Harbour Trust Plant. Huttons Wharf - pier remains probably under part of reclamation and piles probably under seabed out underwater, along with archaeological discard and lost artefacts dating from this and all other periods of use. Former shipyard, ship breaking area and boatbuilding facility – with possible archaeological remains of the previous slipway under land reclamation. Possible remains of a three gun battery and associated structures and relics. Key Components of Site: Workshops, pier (intact), pier (archaeological), slipway (intact) and slipway archaeological), probable archaeological deposits associated with pier/ slipway/ boatbuilders use (discard and lost items) Condition: Good - fair Present Use: Rippleside Marina Planned Threats: Rippleside Marina Development Statement of Significance: The site has seen continuous and significant maritime activity on this location since at least 1855, and possibly earlier. The site has been used almost continuously for ship and boat maintenance/repair/ breaking since it was first developed over 150 years ago. Huttons wharf was an early significant component of the foreshore landscape and an essential part of the transport landscape for residents of the


area to Geelong. The wharf played a vital role in supplying ballast for shipping. This site has significant historic value as a vital service for the Geelong Harbour (GHT workshops), which have operated on this site from around 1905, and has contributed to the successful development of the Harbour. It is an integral component of the Geelong Harbour Trust history and Landscape. The site has significant social value to the local community, especially as a recreational landscape in the early half of the last century. The site also has social significance to the families of former employees at the site. The slipway in particular is of social and economic value to the fishing industry and other trades using medium sized vessels, as it is the only slipway in Port Phillip Bay Capable of slipping a vessel up to 250 ton (vessels are forced to travel to Tasmania to find similar facilities currently). Further documentation of the past use of the site is required before the full significance of the area can be accurately determined. The site is also significant as a proposed (and possibly executed) component of the early Port Phillip defences network. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 15/4/2004 Interpretation of Site: The former boatyard, slipway and Huttons Wharf sites now lie under the current Rippleside workshops and slipway, and probably retain some degree of integrity through their probable inclusion as landfill. History of Site: Completed in 1855 (Brownhill, 1990: 45), Hutton’s Wharf was used for ballasting vessels and for refitting or heaving down vessels (Loney, 1981:131). In 1860, it was proposed to mount three heavy rifled guns on the end of the pier as part of the Port Phillip defence system, but it is unclear if this ever eventuated (Scratchley, 1860, cited in Vazenry, nd). The site was also known as Hutton’s Wharf in 1884, and was listed as projecting 200 yard into Corio Bay in 15ft of water (Yule, 1884: 345). A “New Jetty” was built at the site around 1897 (G288). During its occupation by private enterprise, the site was filled with rusty anchors and buoys, and children often played on a vessel nicknamed the Monkey Cage, which was either a vessel being built or broken up. The private facilities at this site were demolished sometime after 1905, and Harbour Trust facilities were established sometime after that time. Dredging and diving services were offered from the site (Strachan, 2000:14). A new wharf was planned for the site immediately south of Huttons Wharf as early as 1905 (G154) and as late as 1933 (G106). The new pier had been installed by 1941 (G138), and GHT moorings are shown close by in 1940 (G389). The Rippleside Workshops and Pier were officially opened in 1955, and included extensive workshops, a crane, Rippleside Pier, and a slipway for slipping large vessels up to 250 tons. Huttons Wharf was an important link for the residents of the Western Beach/ Rippleside areas with Geelong, and Steamers operated from this pier regularly for many years Informants and other information: Brownhill, Walter, Randolph, 1990, The History of Geelong and Corio Bay, with postscript 1955-1990, Geelong: Geelong Advertiser


Scratchley, Peter R.E., 1860, Report on the Defences of the Colony of Victoria, 22nd September, 1860 (Cited in Vazenry, G.R., nd, Military Forces of Victoria, 1854-1967, Chapter 15: 33, Private Research Notes – copy held Heritage Victoria) Yule, Captain C., 1884, The Australia Directory Volume : South and East Coasts from Cape Leeuwin to Port Jackson, Including Bass Strait and, London: The Hydrographic Office, Admiralty Plans: G81, Geelong Military Survey Map, June 1915 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G 106, Cox, H. L. 1933, Geelong Harbour, 1864, corrected to 1933 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G138, c.1941, Tourist Map, Geelong. Victorian Railways, Melbourne (Geelong Heritage Centre). G154, Cox 1864, Corrected to 1905, Geelong Harbour (Geelong Heritage Centre). G178, Shrimpton and Co, 1950s, Geelong Presbyterian Parishes, Reproduced by Permission of Geelong Water and Sewerage Trust (Geelong Heritage Centre). G 288, 1897, Street Plan of Geelong and Suburbs. G349, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1929, Plan of Foreshore, Griffins Gulley to Victoria St (Geelong Heritage Centre). G 389, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1938-40, Plan of Western Foreshore (2 plans) (Geelong Heritage Centre). G446, Shrimpton and Son, c. 1930s, Street Map of Geelong and Suburbs, Reproduced by Permission of Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust (Geelong Heritage Centre). V141, Geological Survey of Victoria, 1861, Gheringhap Parish (Geelong Heritage Centre). Map Showing Location of Site:

Chapter 5.4: Maritime Infrastructure Heritage Project Geelong: Rippleside Pier to Western Beach

Region 4. Rippleside Park to Western Beach



D7721-0154 Site Name: Rippleside Lead Markers Site Type: Civic, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Rippleside Front Lead Marker

Rippleside Rear Lead Marker


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Two lead markers set on iron pole, with timber framed markers Key Components of Site: Lead markers Condition: Good Present Use: Foreshore Reserve Statement of Significance: Essential component of navigational landscape of Corio Bay. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 15/4/2004 Interpretation of Site: Lead markers used to access the Rippleside Pier and Slipway History of Site: Unknown. Probably used as a lead mark to navigate to Rippleside Pier.




Modern Site Name: Rippleside Culvert Outlet Training Walls

Site Type: Civic, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Rippleside Culvert Outlet Training Walls

Rippleside Culvert Outlet Training Walls


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Culvert outlet training walls. Sheet iron piling and bluestone rock piles. Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological deposits associated with culvert outlet use (discard and lost items). Culvert outlet training walls. Condition: Good Present Use: Culvert outlet Statement of Significance: Part of essential municipal service to divert Rippleside Stream to its source. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 15/4/2004 Interpretation of Site: Used to divert the Rippleside Stream underground and out to the sea (Rod Duncan pers comms)


History of Site: Unknown Informants and other information: Rod Duncan, pers comms, DSE, Planner, Geelong Map Showing Location of Site:


D7721-0155/ H7821-0156/ H7821-0157 Site Name: Rippleside Baths Complex (H7721-0155): Rippleside Groynes # 1-3 Rippleside Pipe Outlet Groyne

Rippleside Changing Rooms Concrete Pad Rippleside Retaining Wall and Garden Rippleside Baths Rippleside Unidentified Pier Piles (H7821-0156)

Rippleside Jetty/ Pier (H7821-0157) Site Type: Civic, Recreation, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Rippleside Groyne #1

Rippleside Pipe Outlet Groyne



Rippleside Baths Changing Rooms Concrete Pad

Rippleside Baths Retaining Wall and Gardens


Rippleside Jetty (Foreground) and Rippleside Pier (Background)

Rippleside Jetty

Rippleside Unidentified Pier Piles North of Rippleside Jetty


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Baths complex, includes bluestone groyne, dressing room foundation pad (concrete), gardens and retaining wall. Three sets of paired piles approximately 3m out from the northern side of Rippleside Jetty and spaced approx 3 m apart. Key Components of Site: Baths complex. Includes archaeological remains of bluestone and concrete groynes (ruinous and extant), dressing room foundation pad (concrete), gardens and retaining wall (extant), and timber piles (from former jetty). Probable archaeological relics associated with baths and jetty use. The layout of the bathing complex is typical of those found in other late nineteenth and early to mid


twentieth century bathing areas, where a combination of changing rooms facilities, promenade, seawalls, gardens, and finally groynes to encourage sand accretion. Condition: Good Present Use: Foreshore Reserve Statement of Significance: Part of Recreational Landscape of Geelong. Social Significance to local community Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 15/4/2004 Site Plan:

All features Associated with Site: Rippleside: Lead Markers (1), Culvert Training Wall (2), Rippleside (2a), Seawall #1 Baths (3) Groyne #1 (4), Changing Rooms Foundations (5), Pipe Outlet Groyne (6), Seawall #2 (7), Unidentified Pier Piles (Rippleside Jetty?) (8), Rippleside Jetty/Pier (9), Seawall #2 (10), Retaining Wall and Gardens (11), Groyne #2 (12), Seawall #3 (13), Groyne #3 (14), Seawall #4 (15) Interpretation of Site: The layout of the bathing complex is typical of those found in other late nineteenth and early to mid twentieth century bathing areas, where a combination of changing rooms facilities, promenade, seawalls, gardens, and finally groynes to encourage sand accretion. It is unclear if the pier shown in the 1929-40s plans was original or has been rebuilt, as timber piles are evident to the north of the current pier. Rippleside Pipe Outlet Groyne#1 has a pipe outlet at its extremity, and appears to be an outlet for the Changing Rooms drains. History of Site: The dressing shed, jetty (pier) and retaining wall of the complex had been built by 1929 (G349; G386, G106; G143; G446). Further shoreline structures including a seawall and possibly enclosed baths (accessed by a narrow pier) were

1

6

2

34

57

89

11

10

12

13 14

2a

15

Rippleside Pier


constructed by 1940 (G389), but which have since been demolished. Rippleside Jetty had been renamed Rippleside Pier by the 1950s, suggesting that it may have been replaced with a new structure (G274), but is currently named Rippleside Jetty to distinguish it from the former Harbour Trust Pier of that name to the north. Informants and other information: G106, Cox, H. L. 1933, (1864, corrected to 1933), Australia South Coast, Geelong Harbour, London: Hydrographic Office, Admiralty (Geelong Heritage Centre). G138, July 1941, Tourist Map, Geelong. Publicity and Tourist Services, Victorian Railways, Melbourne (Geelong Heritage Centre). G143, Tourist Map of Geelong and District, 1933, Crown Lands Department Plan (Geelong Heritage Centre). G165, Geelong and Suburbs, Broadbents No. 180, Street Plan of Geelong and Suburbs, c. 1960, Geelong: The Paul Hamlyn Group (Geelong Heritage Centre). G178, Shrimpton and Co, 1950s, Geelong, Reproduced by Permission of Geelong Water and Sewerage Trust (Geelong Heritage Centre). G274, Geelong District Map, 1951 to 1962 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G349, 1929, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, Plan of Foreshore, Griffins Gulley to Victoria St Plan No 117/1 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G386, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1929, Retaining Wall, Rippleside, Plan No 311 (4102) (Geelong Heritage Centre). G 389, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1938-40, Plan of Western Foreshore Plan No 150/3, 8/7/1940 (2 plans) (Geelong Heritage Centre). G446, Shrimpton and Son, c. 1930s, Geelong, Street Map of Geelong and Suburbs, Reproduced by Permission of Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust (Geelong Heritage Centre). P40, c. mid 1950s, Broadbent Maps, No 355, Northern Port Phillip Bay and Geelong Harbour, Southern and Northern Chart, Maps 353B and 355 B (Geelong Heritage Centre). Map Showing Location of Site:


D7721-0155 Site Name: Rippleside Seawalls Site Type: Civic, Recreation, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Figure ??: Rippleside Seawall Types 3 (left), 2 and 1 (right respectively) from Rippleside Jetty

The western extremity of the Rippleside Seawall (Type 1)

The western extremity of the Rippleside Seawall Type 4 (right) and the beginning of the Western Beach Seawall


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Seawall and promenade. Various construction methods Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological deposits associated with promenade use (discard and lost items). Probable structural remains Condition: Good Present Use: Foreshore Reserve Statement of Significance: Probably associated with the recreational landscape of the Rippleside region. Social significance for local community. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 15/4/2004 Interpretation of Site: A seawall runs for the length of most of the Eastern and Western Beach foreshore, but varies in many construction techniques along the way. In the Rippleside area, a section of large section stone beaching seawall (Type 3)


exists for a short section beginning on the western side of Rippleside Jetty. To the adjacent east of this pier, a 5m section of stepped seawall constructed of bluestone pavers, and lower down, bluestone blocks (Type 2), varies slightly from the next section of similar construction (Type 1), which extends to the Rippleside Culvert Outlet Training Walls. This middle section (Type 2) appears to be a later addition than Type 1, and may be associated with the removal of the former Rippleside Unidentified Pier, whose former piles are aligned perpendicular to this position beginning approximately 20m offshore. Type 1 Seawall is constructed of at least two vertical layers of bluestone blocks, which appears to be overlaid with a later recessed concrete layer with inlaid bluestone pavers. Type 3 seawall is of a similar construction technique to the beaching in the Maribyrnong River, which dates to sustenance work carried out in the 1930s. To the adjacent west of Groyne #3, another style of seawall begins (Type 4) that consists of slightly stepped bluestone blocks at least three courses high. The wall is only about ten metres long, and its western extremity curves behind the Western Beach Seawall towards the current walking path, suggesting that the former predates the latter, and that the latter was used as part of a land reclamation project in the area. Types 1 and 4 appear to predate Types 2&3, Type 2 predates Type 3, and it is suggested that all the seawalls probably predate the 1930s at least. History of Site: Probably associated with the recreational landscape of the Rippleside region. May be part of the former baths complex in this area. Further work required to identify its source. Probable associations with the foreshore beautification and sustenance work programmes of the 1930s. These features are associated with H7821- 0155, 0156, & 0157. Map Showing Location of Site:


D7721-0159 Site Name: Western Beach Seawall # 2 and Promenade, Foreshore Landscaping, Retaining Walls and Concrete Groynes #1- (Cannon Hill to Bell Parade) Site Type: Civic, Recreation, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Western Beach Seawall #2, Promenade and Groynes from the Esplanade near Glenleith Avenue

Western Beach Seawall #2 near Griffins Gulley Jetty

Western Beach Retaining Wall, showing signs of either former stairway of pipe outlet removal (Located- 268127N, 5775735E)

Western Beach Concrete Groyne #1 and Seawall #2

Western Beach Cactus Garden


Western Beach Picnic Alcove

Location AMG (AGD 1966): From: 268333 5775160 To: 268248 5776364 Map Name: and Number: Geelong 7721

Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Extant low seawall, 1- 1.5m high above high tide mark made of bluestone blocks up to three tiers high. Numerous concrete groynes (2m long and 0.75m wide). Gardens - cactus. Retaining walls, recessed picnic areas. Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological relics associated with promenade use both in and out of water (discard and lost items). Condition: Good Present Use: Foreshore Reserve Statement of Significance: Part of recreational landscape of Geelong. Linked to sustenance worker themes. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 15/4/2004 Interpretation of Site: Part of the redevelopment of the Western Beach foreshore as a tourist landscape. The groynes indicate an attempt to repopulate the beach with sand (unsuccessful). History of Site: In 1932, sustenance workers were employed on projects along the Western Beach from Cannon Hill to Bell Parade as part of foreshore beautification works (Geelong Advertiser, 14/11/1932) Informants and other information: Geelong Advertiser Newspaper




D7721-0160 Site Name: Western Beach Stormwater Drop Shaft and Pipe Support Pier Site Type: Civic, Maritime Photograph of Site:

1919 plan showing Stormwater Drop Shafts and Outlet Pipe Support Piers at Drumcondra Foreshore (G375, Geelong Heritage Centre)

Western Beach Stormwater Drop Shaft from south

Western Beach Stormwater Drop Shaft from north

Western Beach Stormwater Drop Shaft showing area where former outlet pipe connecting to an outlet support pier was probably removed, and the shaft resealed to a pipe further underground



Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Bluestone, cement and sandstone stormwater outlet dropshaft. 2m high x 1.5m wide and 0.5m deep. Has evidence of secondary repairs to the foreshore face of the shaft Key Components of Site: Storm water drop shaft. Possible archaeological structural deposits of piles from outlet pipe support pier offshore. Condition: Good Present Use: Foreshore Reserve Statement of Significance: Part of foreshore beautification works under taken during sustenance work of 1930s. Component of recreational landscape of Western Beach. Example of an early municipal pipeline facility. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 15/6/2004 Interpretation of Site: The face of the drop shaft appears to have been restored or modified, suggesting that the original outlet pipe may have been lowered or redirected during foreshore beautification works during the 1930s. The shaft has maritime significance, as it may indicate where a former outlet pipe support pier was located offshore. Given the popularity of fishing in the region, these outlets would have served as popular fishing locations as they enabled access to deeper water, and the disturbance of the seabed where pipe outlet discharged encouraged fish feeding behaviour. History of Site: The site dates to at least 1919, and acted as a component of the stormwater drainage system (G375). Informants and other information: Plans: G 375, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1914, Stormwater Sewer Outfall and Drop Shafts, Drumcondra Sheet (Geelong Heritage Centre) Map Showing Location of Site:


H7721-0161 Site Name: Woods Jetty/ Glenleith Avenue Jetty Site Type: Civic, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Glenleith Avenue Jetty (G389, Geelong Heritage Centre)


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: former pier Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological deposits associated with pier use (discard and lost items). Probable structural remains of pier. Condition: Good Present Use: Foreshore Reserve/ Corio Bay Statement of Significance: Associated with Lands Sales in the Pakington St Area. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 15/4/2004 Interpretation of Site: No evidence of the former pier was located near the shore. Further investigation is required to determine what lies offshore. History of Site: The Glenleith Avenue Pier was built sometime between 1908-1920, and it was advertised as part of the Pakington Estate in 1923 (P6). The private jetty was also known as Woods Jetty (Strachan, 2000: 30). The pier is shown with a cross pier to the north at its extremity, and what could be an enclosed baths midway on its northern side in 1939 (G389). The pier was not mentioned in sailing directions for 1959 (Ports and Harbours Branch, 1959), so may have been in a state of disrepair by that time. The jetty was destroyed in 1979. and replaced by the Griffins Gulley Jetty in 1972 (Strachan, 2000:30).


Informants and other information: Ports and Harbours Branch, 1959, Sailing Directions, Victoria. Including Bass Strait. Melbourne: Department of Public Works Strachan, Shirley, 2000, Geelong Maritime Museum, Concept Plan Project. Maritime Thematic Report (Resource Support for the Concept Plan). Report prepared for the National Wool Museum, City of Greater Geelong Plans: P6, Aug, 1923, Pakington St Extension Estate, Sale Notice and Plan (Geelong Heritage Centre). G 389, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1938-40, Plan of Southern Foreshore Western Half (Geelong Heritage Centre). G 389, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1938-40, Plan of Western Foreshore (2 plans) (Geelong Heritage Centre). G446, Shrimpton and Son, c. 1930s, Street Map of Geelong and Suburbs, Reproduced by Permission of Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust (Geelong Heritage Centre). G165, Street Plan of Geelong and Suburbs, c. 1960, Broadbent No. 180 (Geelong Heritage Centre). Map Showing Location of Site:


H7721-0162 Site Name: Western Beach Sea Bathing Company Baths/ Ladies Baths/ Griffins Gulley Jetty Site Type: Maritime, Recreation Photograph of Site:

Western Beach Sea Bathing Ladies and Gents Baths in 1872 (G448, Geelong Heritage Centre)

Griffins Gulley Pier, site of the former Western Beach Bathing Company Ladies Baths

Griffins Gulley Jetty



Description of Site Brief Description of Site: baths Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological relics associated with baths use (discard and lost items). Probable structural remains of baths. Condition: Fair Present Use: Foreshore Reserve Statement of Significance: Second bath complex at Western Beach. Significant components of the recreational landscape of Geelong. One of four bathing complexes in Western Beach. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 15/4/2004 Interpretation of Site: The Griffins Gulley Pier now occupies the former bathing site. No evidence structural evidence was seen from the shore or the pier, and although there were nineteenth century artefacts scattered about in the water along the foreshore, theses could be attributable to the use of the foreshore for promenading. Further investigation is warranted offshore to investigate the seabed under the extensive weed deposits. History of Site: Bay bathing was always a popular pastime in Corio Bay. Initial dressing sheds were built by private interests at both Western and Eastern Beaches, but access to the beaches was often hindered by the cliffs circling the bay, and the heavily timbered regions around Yarra St and Western Beach. Many of the trees were removed in 1842, opening the way for bathing facilities along the foreshore. As early as 1844, the potential of the Corio Bay foreshore as a bathing facility was recognised by early visitors, who complained of the lack of suitable bathing facilities in the area. Within days, the Corio Bathing Establishment announced it was ready for public patronage. The facility provided bathing in 4ft of water, with 10 dressing rooms, which offered patrons seasonal tickets or ad hoc admission. It was not the first bathing house in the Bay, but was the best at its time. There was an unwritten rule that the Western Beach was reserved for gents bathing and the eastern beach for ladies to preserve their modesty. Often, however, some gentlemen did not observe these codes of conduct, and “respectable females were frightened away from their salt water bath”. These transgressions were mostly blamed on visitors, who were not aware of these arrangements (Brownhill, 1990: 627). Madam McGrath resolved the problem when she opened the Ladies Bathing House at Eastern Beach, which was fitted with a large tent over the water to ensure their privacy (Brownhill, 1990: 628). The Geelong Public Bathing House at Western Beach was run by Richard Parker in the 1840s, (an ironmonger in Corio Terrace) before it was destroyed by a storm (Brownhill, 1990: 627). This facility may also have been known as Jackson and Rays Bathing House (Billot, 1969). By 1853, a public meeting was called to form the Geelong Sea Bathing Company. Public subscriptions were issued at £5 each, and the company assured that the Government would issue permissive occupancy of a section of foreshore, subject to the building plans being approved. Works commenced at Eastern each in 1853, and the baths were opened in 1854. Bathing hours were segregated by sex, with ladies allocated the period from 10am – 4pm, and gents the remaining hours, and were superintended by Mr and Mrs Pywell. Pressure from other competitor forced the company to consider another bath for exclusive ladies’ use in 1855 (Brownhill, 1990: 628).


Other bathing facilities called the Town Baths had been established in Ryrie St near Yarra St in 1855, and were run by Archibald Syme. The facility offered hot or cold, fresh or salt water baths or showers every day of the week, with two days a week reserved for ladies (Brownhill, 1990: 628-9). In late 1855, a subscription was raised to establish the Western Beach Sea Bathing Company. The baths were designed by architects Backhouse and Reynolds, and work began at the Gulley (Griffins Gulley?) in 1856. A year later, another complex was planned further east for exclusive gents use, and the original baths were designated for Ladies only bathing (Brownhill, 1990: 629). In 1870, after initial opposition from the two original bathing companies (Western Beach and Sea Bathing Companies), Henry Fitzgerald built and opened the Victoria Baths at the end of Cavendish St (near the current Western Beach Boat Club Compound) (Brownhill, 1990: 629, 640). As competition increased, another baths complex was opened by the Geelong Sea Bathing Company in 1872, who also undertook alterations to their Ladies Baths facility (Brownhill, 1990: 629). In retaliation the two bathing companies at Western Beach combined their services in 1873, and the Victoria Baths were allocated for gents bathing, the Western Beach Gents Baths were allocated for ladies, and the former ladies baths were demolished (Brownhill, 1990: 629).Swimming clubs were formed at both ends of town, producing many champions (Brownhill, 1990: 629). The Western Beach Baths were described as being large swimming baths for both sexes, along with hot salt water baths for the treatment of rheumatism (Brownhill, 1990:91). The Griffins Gulley Jetty was erected on this site in 1972, to replace Woods Jetty or Glenleith Jetty, which had been destroyed two years earlier (Strachan, 2000:30) Informants and other information: Billot, C. P. , 1969, The Life of Our Years. In and Around Geelong, A Chronological History, Lothian Publishing: Melbourne. Brownhill, Walter, Randolph, 1990, The History of Geelong and Corio Bay, with postscript 1955-1990, Geelong: Geelong Advertiser Henry, John A., 1944, Do you remember? Early Geelong, Volume 1, Geelong: Solomons Pty Ltd Strachan, Shirley, 2000, Geelong Maritime Museum, Concept Plan Project. Maritime Thematic Report (Resource Support for the Concept Plan). Report prepared for the National Wool Museum, City of Greater Geelong G134 Public Lands Office, 1858, Town of Geelong (Geelong Heritage Centre). G 285, Thomas, 1864, Town of Geelong (Geelong Heritage Centre). G448, 1872, Town of Geelong, Plan of Subdivision of Improved Lands, Plan L4390 (Geelong Heritage Centre).




H7721-0163 Site Name: Western Beach Boat Shed and Slipway Site Type: Recreation, Industry, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Western Beach Boat Shed and Slipway (In: Billot, 1969)

Bluestone Scatter at the site of the Western Beach Boat Shed and Slipway

Bluestone Scatter at the site of the Western Beach Boat Shed and Slipway



Description of Site Brief Description of Site: A scatter of bluestone rocks was observed in the general vicinity of a former boat shed and slipway known to exist in this area. The scatter mound is readily identifiable on aerial images, and extends about 35m offshore and 25m wide. Key Components of Site: Bluestone mound Condition: Fair Present Use: Foreshore Reserve Statement of Significance: Unknown. The site dates to at least the mid 1870s. Possibly associated with boatbuilding or recreational boating? Recorded By: Brad Duncan Interpretation of Site: A boat Shed and associated slipway is shown in this area in a lithograph from c. mid 1870s. Possibly associated with boatbuilding or recreational boating. Further research required to identify the feature and former historic site. History of Site: A boat Shed and associated slipway is shown in this area in a lithograph from c. mid 1870s. Possibly associated with boatbuilding or recreational boating. Informants and other information: Billot, C. P. , 1969, The Life of Our Years. In and Around Geelong, A Chronological History, Lothian Publishing: Melbourne. Map Showing Location of Site:


D7721-0164 Site Name: Western Beach Culvert Outlet Groyne #1 and Pipe Outlets Groynes #2 and #3 Site Type: Civic, Recreation, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Stormwater outlet timber support piers at Drumcondra foreshore in 1919 (G375)

Western Beach Box Culvert Groyne #1

Western Beach Box Culvert Groyne #1

Western Beach Box Pipe Outlet Groyne #2, with Cunningham Pier at Rear

Western Beach Pipe Outlet Groyne #3, with Griffins Gulley Jetty at left

Location AMG (AGD 1966): Western Beach Box Culvert Groyne #1


268214 5775304 Western Beach Box Pipe Outlet Groyne #2 268199 5775342 Western Beach Pipe Outlet Groyne #3 268181 5775378 Map Name: and Number: Geelong 7721

Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Three bluestone groynes which were used for box culvert (stormwater pipe) outlets. Only Groyne #1 appears to still be functional, while the other two features are in a relict condition. Key Components of Site: Extant (but archaeological) pipe outlets/ groynes Condition: Excellent Present Use: Diving Platform Statement of Significance: Part of the recreational landscape of Western Beach and Geelong. Significant component of the civic stormwater system. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 15/4/2004 Interpretation of Site: The features serve a dual purpose of directing water outflow further offshore to prevent erosion, and also act as groynes to encourage foreshore sand accretion. Probably part of the foreshore beautification projects undertaken using sustenance labour, which may have covered existing timber outlet drain supports to make the area more aesthetically pleasing. Archaeological deposits of the previous timber pipe outlet piers probably exist under the current structures. Probable relics associated groyne use for recreational fishing. History of Site: Around 1919, stormwater outlets in the Drumcondra area were supported with timber outlet frames (G375). In 1932, sustenance workers were employed on projects along the Western Beach from Cannon Hill to Bell Parade as part of foreshore beautification works (Geelong Advertiser, 14/11/1932). Informants and other information: G 375, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1914, Stormwater Sewer Outfall and Drop Shafts, Drumcondra Sheet.



Western Beach Pipe Outlet Groynes #1, 2 &3 (starting from south)


Site Name: Western Beach Diving Platform Site Type: Civic, Recreation, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Western Beach Diving Platform


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Timber diving platform mounted on four piles, with a ladder mounted on one side. The platform lies about 130 m west of the Western Beach Boat Club and about 100m offshore. Probable underwater archaeological relics associated with diving platform use. The current extant diving platform has probably either replaced an earlier platform or has been constructed on remnant timbers of an earlier structure (predating 1937). Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological relics associated with diving platform use, and possible remnant structural material from an earlier platform. Condition: Excellent Present Use: Diving Platform Statement of Significance: Dates to at least the 1950s (Ethyll, 2004:3), and possibly earlier than 1937 (G389). Social significance as a component of the Western Beach recreational landscape. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 15/4/2004 Interpretation of Site: As above. Dates to at least the 1950s (Ethyll, 2004:3) History of Site: This structure was extant in the 1950s (Ethyll, 2004:3), and was possibly constructed as prior to 1937 (G389). Further research is required for this site.


Informants and other information: Ethyll, Bill, 2004, A Yarn with Peter Barrow, Transcript of Interview with Peter Barrow on the History of the Western Beach Boat Club, Western Beach Boat Club Newsletter. Plans: G 389, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1938-40, Plan of Southern Foreshore Western Half, Plan No 7212 (Geelong Heritage Centre) Map Showing Location of Site:

Directions for Relocation of Site: The platform lies about 130 m west of the Western Beach Boat Club and about 100m offshore


H7721-0165 Site Name: Western Beach Sea Bathing Company Gents Baths/ (later) Ladies Baths Site Type: Civic, Maritime, Recreation Photograph of Site:

From left: Western Beach Ladies and Gents Baths, previously known as Western Beach Gents Baths and Victoria Sea Baths Respectively (In Sutherland, 1888: 151)

Western Beach Sea Bathing Company Gents Baths Retaining Wall and Alcove

Western Beach Sea Bathing Company Gents Baths Retaining Wall and Alcove from west



Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Former baths site. Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological relics associated with baths use (discard and lost items). Probable structural remains offshore underwater and landfill. Alcove and retaining wall off main promenade set into cliff Condition: Fair Present Use: Foreshore Reserve Statement of Significance: Significant component of the recreational landscape of Geelong. One of four bathing complexes in Western Beach. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 15/4/2004 Interpretation of Site: The alcove and retaining wall are recessed into the cliff face behind the main promenade along the shore, and correspond to the former location the approach to the baths. This area may have served as a congregation area, or may even have housed the ticket office. Alternatively, the area may have housed a former change rooms, that usually later occupied the same locations after baths had been demolished (Duncan, 2004). History of Site: Bay bathing was always a popular pastime in Corio Bay. Initial dressing sheds were built by private interests at both Western and Eastern Beaches, but access to the beaches was often hindered by the cliffs circling the bay, and the heavily timbered regions around Yarra St and Western Beach. Many of the trees were removed in 1842, opening the way for bathing facilities along the foreshore. As early as 1844, the potential of the Corio Bay foreshore as a bathing facility was recognised by early visitors, who complained of the lack of suitable bathing facilities in the area. Within days, the Corio Bathing Establishment announced it was ready for public patronage. The facility provided bathing in 4ft of water, with 10 dressing rooms, which offered patrons seasonal tickets or ad hoc admission. It was not the first bathing house in the Bay, but was the best at its time. There was an unwritten rule that the Western Beach was reserved for gents bathing and the eastern beach for ladies to preserve their modesty. Often, however, some gentlemen did not observe these codes of conduct, and “respectable females were frightened away from their salt water bath”. These transgressions were mostly blamed on visitors, who were not aware of these arrangements (Brownhill, 1990: 627). Madam McGrath resolved the problem when she opened the Ladies Bathing House at Eastern Beach, which was fitted with a large tent over the water to ensure their privacy (Brownhill, 1990: 628). The Geelong Public Bathing House at Western Beach was run by Richard Parker in the 1840s, (an ironmonger in Corio Terrace) before it was destroyed by a storm (Brownhill, 1990: 627). This facility may also have been known as Jackson and Rays Bathing House (Billot, 1969). By 1853, a public meeting was called to form the Geelong Sea Bathing Company. Public subscriptions were issued at £5 each, and the company assured that the Government would issue permissive occupancy of a section of foreshore, subject to the building plans being approved. Works commenced at Eastern each in 1853, and the baths were opened in 1854. Bathing hours were segregated by sex, with ladies allocated the period from 10am – 4pm, and gents the remaining hours, and were superintended by Mr and Mrs Pywell. Pressure from other competitor forced the company to consider another bath for exclusive ladies’ use in 1855 (Brownhill, 1990: 628).


Other bathing facilities called the Town Baths had been established in Ryrie St near Yarra St in 1855, and were run by Archibald Syme. The facility offered hot or cold, fresh or salt water baths or showers every day of the week, with two days a week reserved for ladies (Brownhill, 1990: 628-9). In late 1855, a subscription was raised to establish the Western Beach Sea Bathing Company. The baths were designed by architects Backhouse and Reynolds, and work began at the Gulley (Griffins Gulley?) in 1856. A year later, another complex was planned further east for exclusive gents use, and the original baths were designated for Ladies only bathing (Brownhill, 1990: 629). In 1870, after initial opposition from the two original bathing companies (Western Beach and Sea Bathing Companies), Henry Fitzgerald built and opened the Victoria Baths at the end of Cavendish St (near the current Western Beach Boat Club Compound) (Brownhill, 1990: 629, 640). As competition increased, another baths complex was opened by the Geelong Sea Bathing Company in 1872, who also undertook alterations to their Ladies Baths facility (Brownhill, 1990: 629). In retaliation the two bathing companies at Western Beach combined their services in 1873, and the Victoria Baths were allocated for gents bathing, the Western Beach Gents Baths were allocated for ladies, and the former ladies baths were demolished (Brownhill, 1990: 629).Swimming clubs were formed at both ends of town, producing many champions (Brownhill, 1990: 629). The first Hot Sea Baths were introduced by the Geelong Sea Bathing Company at Eastern Beach in 1885, but failed as there was insufficient gas to heat the water. The problem was fixed within a month, the baths were being touted as cures for rheumatism, gout and aches and pains (Brownhill, 1990: 630). In 1880, another sea baths, Andersons Sea Bathing Company, were established to the west of the Geelong Sea Bathing Company Gents Baths (G347) at Eastern Beach. All the baths were removed from this area when open sea bathing became popular in the late 1920s, early 1930s. The Western Beach Baths were described as being large swimming baths for both sexes, along with hot salt water baths for the treatment of rheumatism (Brownhill, 1990:91). Informants and other information: Billot, C. P. , 1969, The Life of Our Years. In and Around Geelong, A Chronological History, Lothian Publishing: Melbourne. Brownhill, Walter, Randolph, 1990, The History of Geelong and Corio Bay, with postscript 1955-1990, Geelong: Geelong Advertiser Henry, John A., 1944, Do you remember? Early Geelong, Volume 1, Geelong: Solomons Pty Ltd F81, Thacker, H., c 1920s, Plan of Portion of Southern Foreshore, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners (Geelong Heritage Centre). G95, Lands Department, 1881, Town of Geelong, Parish of Corio, County Grant, Plan C/29 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G121, Hooke, 1881 Town of Geelong, parish of Corio, County of Grant, Lands and Survey Department Plan L6066. (Geelong Heritage Centre).


G134 Public Lands Office, 1858, Town of Geelong (Geelong Heritage Centre). G 285, Thomas, 1864, Town of Geelong (Geelong Heritage Centre). G 288, 1897, Street Plan of Geelong and Suburbs (Geelong Heritage Centre). G347, 1927, City of Geelong, County of Grant, Plan L 5359 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G 389, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1938-40, Plan of Southern Foreshore Western Half (Geelong Heritage Centre). G448, 1872, Town of Geelong, Plan of Subdivision of Improved Lands, Plan L4390 (Geelong Heritage Centre). Map Showing Location of Site:

Owner /Occupier: Agency: Parks Victoria


Western Beach Boatbuilders and Rowing Club

Western Beach Boatbuilders and Rowing Club in the 1950s

Western Beach Boatbuilders District


H7721-0166 Site Name: Corio Bay Rowing Club/ Western Beach Boat Club Site Type: Listings: Photograph of Site:

Corio Bay Rowing Club Clubrooms on the Eastern Beach foreshore prior to their removal to the Barwon River (In Henry, 1945:16)

Western Beach Boat Club Clubroom (Former Corio Bay Rowing Club Boat Shed)

Boat storage area under the Western Beach Boat Club Clubrooms

Small Boat Jetty and Ramp in front of the Western Beach Boat Club Clubhouse

Western Beach Boat Club Workshop Shed

Western Beach Boat Club Winch Shed and Slipway, eastern end of site


Interior of the Western Beach Boat Club Workshop

Western Beach Boat Club Slipway

Western Beach Boat Club Slipway from north, with TS Barwon on left

Western Beach Boat Club Slipway

New Western Beach Boat Club Jetty built in 1993

Location AMG (AGD 1966): 268348 5775130


Map Name: and Number: Geelong 7721 County: Grant Parish: Corio Local Government Area: Geelong

Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Former Corio Bay Rowing Club Building, patent slipway, piers (1 demolished), seawall and land reclamation, boatbuilding shed, winch shed Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological relics associated with pier and other facilities use. Probable archaeological structural remains of former pier and slipway structures. Condition: Good to Fair Present Use: Western Beach Boat Club Threats: Clubhouse building in threat of being condemned during to instability of its footings. Limitations already imposed on numbers of people allowed in upstairs clubroom. Statement of Significance: State Level Significance. Substantially intact 1870s rowing clubrooms and shed (Unique for this area, and in the author’s experience). Significant component of the rowing and recreational landscape and development of rowing in Geelong in general. Significant social value as one of only two surviving rowing clubs from early Geelong, and as a working boat club premises. Strong boatbuilding associations with the Blunt family. Used for production of WWII small craft, and part of the defence landscape. Ties to Geelong Harbour Trust and other harbour services. In combination with the drill hall and other boatbuilders, forms an important aesthetic component of the western beach landscape. Clubroom recommended for inclusion on Victorian Heritage Register Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 15/4/2004 Interpretation of Site: The original clubhouse from the Corio Bay Rowing Clubhouse (previously located near the Yarra St Pier is still substantially intact, although somewhat altered with a second story added and an extension at the rear. History of Site: Corio Bay Rowing Club The Corio Bay Rowing Club was one of many rowing clubs established in Geelong, but one of the only two early successful clubs (many others were insolvent after just 6 months. The boathouse was built in 1879, and stood 50 yards east of the Yarra St Pier. However, around 1921 the club decided to relocate the building to the banks of the Barwon River (Henry, 1945: 16). The building was again moved back to Corio Bay (to this site) when the club established a branch club on Corio Bay at Western Beach. The Corio Bay Rowing Club was formed in 1873, and entered into an arrangement with C. Blunt to provide the boats and other equipment for a nominal charge per head. By 1879, land between the Yarra and Eastern Jetties was granted to the club (Geelong Advertiser, 20/8/1879). Tenders were called to build a boathouse that was designed by Joseph Watts (Geelong Advertiser, 20/8/1879), and a contract was accepted for £365 (Geelong Advertiser, 2/9/1879). A 60 x 34 feet wide shed with a 20 x 16 ft dressing rooms, and a shingle roof was built by J.C. Taylor and opened in 1879 under contract to the club, with a double 47 ft long platform projecting seaward (Brownhill,


1990: 547; Geelong Advertiser, 5/9/1879). J.P. Hopkin, R. de Bruce Johnstone (MLA), and W Sommers were appointed trustees of the Corio Bay Rowing Club Boat Shed (Geelong Advertiser, 21/10/1879). The boatshed was opened in November 1879 (Geelong Advertiser, 28/11/1879). Regattas were often held on the Connewarre Lakes, and drew large crowds around Easter from the surrounding districts (Brownhill, 1990: 547). The club had a yard, small pier and boat shed over the water (G387). Although the club was still shown as the leaseholder for the site in 1927, the shed and facilities were no longer present on site (G 278). The shed was moved to the Barwon River in 1921 (Henry, 1945:16). However, the club again decided to relocate in 1932 (Phillip, 1959:42), when the clubhouse was again mounted over the water on leased land near the end of Cavendish St, Western Beach (G389). Billy Blunts Boatbuilders During the late 1930s and 1940s, boatbuilder Billy Blunt leased the eastern side of this site from the Geelong Harbour Trust. He was employed by them during the war years as a full time employee to construct local workboats, some of which were used in New Guinea (Ethyll, 2004:1). Barrows Boatyard Peter Barrow Senior leased what is now the Western Beach Boat Club Workshop around the mid 1950s. Local fishermen paid a winch operator to haul their boats up the slipway using a hand cranked winch. Barrow (Snr) rented space to mainly amateur fishermen to house their boats, but had decided to give up the lease when many failed to pay their bills. He was approached by a number of fishermen who proposed the formation of a club on his leasehold, which led to the formation of the Western Beach Boat Club (Ethyll, 2004:1). Slipway Before the club came into existence, the Geelong Harbour Trust installed two 60 feet long piles on the site on the condition that the professional fishermen could use the slipway. The slipway was constructed sometime before 1938 (G389). The fishermen later got their own slipway at the Ausport Marine site - H7721-0170 (Ethyll, 2004:2). Western Beach Boatyard The Western Beach Boat Club was established in 1955 as a working man’s alternative boat club to the Geelong Yacht Club. Members regularly met at what is now the workshop. When the Corio Bay Rowing Club again decided to move back to the Barwon River sometime around the late 1950s, their former clubhouse was taken over by the Western Beach Boat Club, and the beach between the large jetty and the clubhouse was reclaimed by landfill (Ethyll, 2004:1). The fill came from the office works site in Mallop St, and a member provided the bluestone for the seawall (Ethyll, 2004:1). The Harbour Trust assisted with maintenance of the clubhouse building, often providing paint, and it also installed a new roof, and applied anti corrosive paint. The building was owned by the Harbour Trust before it was taken over by the Geelong City Council. The building was built on sand, and the club extended the shoreward section in the late 1960s/ early 1970s using social club funds (Ethyll, 2004:2).


The winch shed was once located on the old pier, where it was used to sell fuel to passing boats. When the old jetty was destroyed during a storm in 1968, a barge was used to transport the shed to its current location over the slipway winch (Ethyll, 2004:2). Club rules stipulated that at least 80% of boat owners members had to be fishermen, and there were often calls to exclude professional fishermen. Boats were built and maintained in the yard, and some were often on the hard for many years (Ethyll, 2004:2). Informants and other information: Ethyll, Bill, 2004, A Yarn with Peter Barrow, Transcript of Interview with Peter Barrow on the History of the Western Beach Boat Club, Western Beach Boat Club Newsletter (In Prep). Henry, John A., 1945, Do you remember? Early Geelong, Volume 2, Geelong: Solomons Pty Ltd Plans: G165, Geelong and Suburbs, Broadbents No. 180, Street Plan of Geelong and Suburbs, c. 1960, Geelong: The Paul Hamlyn Group (Geelong Heritage Centre). G 278, GHTC, 1927, Part of City of Geelong, Parish of Corio, County of Paywitt (Geelong Heritage Centre). G347, 1927, City of Geelong, County of Grant, Plan L 5359, Probable Lands Department Plan, (Geelong Heritage Centre). G387, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1898, Soundings Taken Around Railway Wharf, Moorabool St Wharf, Yarra St Wharf, and Small Craft Jetty No 13 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G 389, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1938-40, Plan of Southern Foreshore Western Half, Plan No 7212, 24/3/1937 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G 389, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1938-40, Plan of Southern Foreshore West of Cunningham Pier, Plan 7235 (Geelong Heritage Centre).



Owner /Occupier: Agency: DSE Historic Places Contact Name: Ivar Nelsen Occupier: Western Beach Boat Club Postal Address: Foreshore Reserve Western Beach Telephone: 52215477


D7721-0167 Site Name: Naval Drill Hall/ TS Barwon Naval Reserve Cadets Site Type: Defence, Maritime, Educational Photograph of Site:

1938 Plan showing Sea Cadet Drill Room and Pier (G 389, Geelong Heritage Centre)

Naval Reserve Cadets Extension built in 1940

TS Barwon, Naval Sea Cadet Building, and Western Beach Slipway Winch Shed


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Extant Drill Hall, Sea Cadet Drill Hall, Pier, small boat store. Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological relics associated with pier and Drill Hall use (discard and lost items).


Condition: Excellent Present Use: TS Barwon Naval Reserve Cadets Statement of Significance: Part of the defence landscape of Geelong and Victoria. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Interpretation of Site: The current drill hall appears to have been built in two stages, which is consistent with historical accounts. History of Site: In 1932, the formation of a Naval League Sea Cadets was proposed to introduce young boys to all aspects of seamanship, telegraphy and sailing. A site was procured from the Geelong Harbour Trust on the Moorabool Pier Naval Reserve (Geelong Advertiser, 27/2/1932). By 1938, a new hall had been constructed at Western Beach east of the Corio Bay Rowing Club. The original hall fronted the road, with a small pier at the rear (G389). In October, 1940, an extension on the seaward edge of the hall had been added, which was designed by students from the Gordon Institute of Technology, and built under supervision by J.C. Taylor and Sons Pty Ltd with voluntary labour from the Carpenters Union (Geelong Advertiser, 21/11/1940). The new building was opened on 18th December 1940 (Geelong Advertiser, 19/12/1940). Informants and other information: Geelong Advertiser Newspaper G 389, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1938-40, Plan of Southern Foreshore West of Cunningham Pier, Plan 7235 (Geelong Heritage Centre) Map Showing Location of Site:


Owner /Occupier: Agency: DSE Historic Places Contact Name: Ivar Nelsen Occupier: TS Barwon Navy Reserve Sea Cadets Postal Address: Foreshore Reserve Western Beach Telephone: 52433928


H7721-0168 Site Name: Victoria Baths/ Western Beach Gents Baths/ Hicks Brothers Marine Site Type: Civic, Maritime, Recreation Photograph of Site:

From left: Western Beach Ladies and Gents Baths, previously known as Western Beach Gents Baths and Victoria Sea Baths Respectively in the 1920s (F81, Geelong Heritage Centre)

Hicks Brother Marine Slipway, Traverse and Hard

Hicks Brother Marine Slipway

Hicks Brother Marine Slipway Winch and Shed

Stone blocks in water in front of the Hicks Brother Marine site. Possibly used for careening vessels at low tide


Location AMG AGD 1966: 268443 5775113 (AMG -AGD 1966) Map Name: and Number: Geelong 7721 County: Parish: Local Government Area:

Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Baths, boatbuilders. Concrete hard, patent slipway and traverse. Former office site. Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological relics associated with baths and boatbuilders site use. Probable structural remains of early structures. Condition: Fair Present Use: Foreshore Reserve Statement of Significance: Significant component of the recreational, boatbuilding and defence landscapes of Geelong. One of four bathing complexes in Western Beach. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 15/4/2004 Interpretation of Site: The former baths site is now occupied by the Hicks Brothers Marine Boatbuilders site and part of the Sea Cadets site. The Western Beach Seawall #1 marks the extremity of where the shoreward section of the bathing enclosure began. Several stacked stone cubes up to 0.5m cubed are evident in the water in front of this area, but it is unclear if these were from the former baths or used to support vessels being serviced in this area. History of Site: Bay bathing was always a popular pastime in Corio Bay. Initial dressing sheds were built by private interests at both Western and Eastern Beaches, but access to the beaches was often hindered by the cliffs circling the bay, and the heavily timbered regions around Yarra St and Western Beach. Many of the trees were removed in 1842, opening the way for bathing facilities along the foreshore. As early as 1844, the potential of the Corio Bay foreshore as a bathing facility was recognised by early visitors, who complained of the lack of suitable bathing facilities in the area. Within days, the Corio Bathing Establishment announced it was ready for public patronage. The facility provided bathing in 4ft of water, with 10 dressing rooms, which offered patrons seasonal tickets or ad hoc admission. It was not the first bathing house in the Bay, but was the best at its time. There was an unwritten rule that the Western Beach was reserved for gents bathing and the eastern beach for ladies to preserve their modesty. Often, however, some gentlemen did not observe these codes of conduct, and “respectable females were frightened away from their salt water bath”. These transgressions were mostly blamed on visitors, who were not aware of these arrangements (Brownhill, 1990: 627). Madam McGrath resolved the problem when she opened the Ladies Bathing House at Eastern Beach, which was fitted with a large tent over the water to ensure their privacy (Brownhill, 1990: 628). The Geelong Public Bathing House at Western Beach was run by Richard Parker in the 1840s, (an ironmonger in Corio Terrace) before it was destroyed by a storm (Brownhill, 1990: 627). This facility may also have been known as Jackson and Rays Bathing House (Billot, 1969).


By 1853, a public meeting was called to form the Geelong Sea Bathing Company. Public subscriptions were issued at £5 each, and the company assured that the Government would issue permissive occupancy of a section of foreshore, subject to the building plans being approved. Works commenced at Eastern each in 1853, and the baths were opened in 1854. Bathing hours were segregated by sex, with ladies allocated the period from 10am – 4pm, and gents the remaining hours, and were superintended by Mr and Mrs Pywell. Pressure from other competitor forced the company to consider another bath for exclusive ladies’ use in 1855 (Brownhill, 1990: 628). Other bathing facilities called the Town Baths had been established in Ryrie St near Yarra St in 1855, and were run by Archibald Syme. The facility offered hot or cold, fresh or salt water baths or showers every day of the week, with two days a week reserved for ladies (Brownhill, 1990: 628-9). In late 1855, a subscription was raised to establish the Western Beach Sea Bathing Company. The baths were designed by architects Backhouse and Reynolds, and work began at the Gulley (Griffins Gulley?) in 1856. A year later, another complex was planned further east for exclusive gents use, and the original baths were designated for Ladies only bathing (Brownhill, 1990: 629). In 1870, after initial opposition from the two original bathing companies (Western Beach and Sea Bathing Companies), Henry Fitzgerald built and opened the Victoria Baths at the end of Cavendish St (near the current Western Beach Boat Club Compound) (Brownhill, 1990: 629, 640). As competition increased, another baths complex was opened by the Geelong Sea Bathing Company in 1872, who also undertook alterations to their Ladies Baths facility (Brownhill, 1990: 629). In retaliation the two bathing companies at Western Beach combined their services in 1873, and the Victoria Baths were allocated for gents bathing, the Western Beach Gents Baths were allocated for ladies, and the former ladies baths were demolished (Brownhill, 1990: 629).Swimming clubs were formed at both ends of town, producing many champions (Brownhill, 1990: 629). The first Hot Sea Baths were introduced by the Geelong Sea Bathing Company at Eastern Beach in 1885, but failed as there was insufficient gas to heat the water. The problem was fixed within a month, the baths were being touted as cures for rheumatism, gout and aches and pains (Brownhill, 1990: 630). In 1880, another sea baths, Andersons Sea Bathing Company, were established to the west of the Geelong Sea Bathing Company Gents Baths (G347) at Eastern Beach. All the baths were removed from this area when open sea bathing became popular in the late 1920s, early 1930s. The Western Beach Baths were described as being large swimming baths for both sexes, along with hot salt water baths for the treatment of rheumatism (Brownhill, 1990:91). Hicks Brothers Marine The site was later occupied by Hicks Brothers Marine (Bill Trueman, pers comms). There was also a shed next to the Naval Sea Cadets Building until recently that was demolished, which was owned by the Hicks Brothers (Ethyll, 2004:1).


Informants and other information: Billot, C. P. , 1969, The Life of Our Years. In and Around Geelong, A Chronological History, Lothian Publishing: Melbourne. Brownhill, Walter, Randolph, 1990, The History of Geelong and Corio Bay, with postscript 1955-1990, Geelong: Geelong Advertiser Ethyll, Bill, 2004, A Yarn with Peter Barrow, Transcript of Interview with Peter Barrow on the History of the Western Beach Boat Club, Western Beach Boat Club Newsletter (In Prep). Henry, John A., 1944, Do you remember? Early Geelong, Volume 1, Geelong: Solomons Pty Ltd F81, Thacker, H., c 1920s, Plan of Portion of Southern Foreshore, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners (Geelong Heritage Centre). G95, Lands Department, 1881, Town of Geelong, Parish of Corio, County Grant, Plan C/29 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G121, Hooke, 1881 Town of Geelong, parish of Corio, County of Grant, Lands and Survey Department Plan L6066. (Geelong Heritage Centre). G 288, 1897, Street Plan of Geelong and Suburbs (Geelong Heritage Centre). G347, 1927, City of Geelong, County of Grant, Plan L 5359 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G 389, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1938-40, Plan of Southern Foreshore Western Half (Geelong Heritage Centre). Bill Trueman, pers comms, Truemarine Marine Services Map Showing Location of Site:


D7721-0169 Site Name: Geelong Nautical Centre/ Lew Marine Site Type: Civic, Maritime, Recreation Photograph of Site:

Geelong nautical Centre Chandlery / Lew Marine Shed and Toilet Block

Geelong Nautical Centre/Lew Marine Shed from south

Geelong Nautical Centre/Lew Marine Shed

Geelong Nautical Centre/Lew Marine Shed, Slipway Rails and Pier

Geelong Nautical Centre/Lew Marine Slipway Rails


Geelong Nautical Centre/Lew Marine Slipway Rails and remains of slipway foundations in water

Interior of Geelong Nautical Centre/Lew Marine showing slipway rails and chandlery

Ausport and Geelong Nautical Centre/Lew Marine sites


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Chandlery and late boatbuilders site. Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological deposits associated with boatbuilders site use (discard and lost items), slipway, pier, boatshed, chandlery Condition: Good Present Use: Boatbuilders Yard Statement of Significance: Significant component of the boatbuilding landscape of Geelong and Western Beach. Only enclosed slipway in Geelong Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 15/4/2004 Interpretation of Site: The chandlery shed, pier and parts of the slipway area extant. The slipway rails are intact leading right into the shed, but the seaward section has been demolished and only a mound of rubble remains on the seabed. Evidence of the former chandlery is still visible inside the shed, which is currently disused.


History of Site: The current shed was “built by a man who rented paddleboats off the beach, and had a speedboat for pleasure boat rides at Eastern Beach”. He established a ships chandlery called the Geelong Nautical Centre at this site. When Lew Marine later purchased the site, they installed a concrete floor and used it to make bridles and slings (Ethyll, 2004: 3 ; Bill Trueman). The shed and slipways had been built on the site by the 1950s, but were not shown on plans for the area in 1938 (G389) Informants and other information: Billot, C. P. , 1969, The Life of Our Years. In and Around Geelong, A Chronological History, Lothian Publishing: Melbourne. Brownhill, Walter, Randolph, 1990, The History of Geelong and Corio Bay, with postscript 1955-1990, Geelong: Geelong Advertiser Ethyll, Bill, 2004, A Yarn with Peter Barrow, Transcript of Interview with Peter Barrow on the History of the Western Beach Boat Club, Western Beach Boat Club Newsletter (In Prep). Henry, John A., 1944, Do you remember? Early Geelong, Volume 1, Geelong: Solomons Pty Ltd G 389, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1938-40, Plan of Southern Foreshore Western Half, Plan No 7212, 24/3/1937 (Geelong Heritage Centre). Bill Trueman, pers comms, Truemarine Marine Services Map Showing Location of Site:


Owner /Occupier: DSE Historic Places Contact Name: Ivar Nelsen Occupier: Melinda – Contact Bill Trueman for details 0407955371 Postal Address: Telephone: Fax:


D7721-0170 Site Name: Professional Fishermen’s Slipway/ Vic Sail/Ausport Marine Site Type: Industry, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Professional Fishermen’s Slipway on site of Ausport Marine Services

Professional Fishermen’s Slipway from east


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Patent iron rail slipway and concrete lined traverse. Winch under current modern office, log pier built of single piles and transverse log with walkway slates, log boat ramp consisting of two logs set at an angle to the seawall into the water, boatbuilders yard Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological deposits associated with boatbuilders use (discard and lost items). Patent Slipway and traverse, log pier, log boat ramp. Condition: Good Present Use: Ausport Marine Statement of Significance: Component of the boatbuilding landscape of Western Beach Region. Social value to local boatbuilding community


Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 15/4/2004 Interpretation of Site: The site is substantially intact, although the slipway is in need of maintenance. History of Site: The site has been built as a professional fishermen’s slipway sometime after 1938. Vicsail and John Sykes (now of Power Drive Marine) built the old house (which may have been removed or restored) for a marine boat brokerage. It has also been used as boat construction and maintenance yard for Ausport Marine (Ethyll, 2004:1). Informants and other information: Ethyll, Bill, 2004, A Yarn with Peter Barrow, Transcript of Interview with Peter Barrow on the History of the Western Beach Boat Club, Western Beach Boat Club Newsletter (In Prep). Map Showing Location of Site:

Owner /Occupier: DSE Historic Places Contact Name: Ivar Nelsen Occupier: Ausport Marine


Site Name: Western Beach Seawall #1 Site Type: Civic, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Western Beach Seawall #1 (Phase 1) and Promenade between Cunningham Pier and the Western Beach Boatbuilders

Lew Marine Boat Yard and Western Beach Seawall Phase 2

Western Beach Foreshore Reclamation Phase 3 c. late 1950s ( Geelong Maritime Museum Display)


Western Beach Seawall #1 Phase 4, Western Beach Boat Club


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Seawall and land reclamation. Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological deposits associated with land reclamation and flotsam/jetsam in bay (discard and lost items). Extant seawall. Condition: Good Present Use: Foreshore Reserve Statement of Significance: Installed as part of extensive harbour redevelopment between 1893 and 1898. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 3/5/2004 Interpretation of Site: The land is now occupied by a car park, and the western curved off the wall is visible in the course of the promenade at the western end. History of Site: Phase #1: The first phase of land reclamation west of Cunningham Pier sometime before 1893 and until as late as 1897, when Seawall #1 was probably built to act as a promenade to the Western Beach Baths, and to provide additional land for the GHT (Downes, 1893; G288). Phase #2: The area of land reclamation was extended further west sometime after 1897 (G288, when a second seawall (#2) was built from the Western extremity of Seawall #1 extending to the Western Beach Gents Baths (western end of the Lew Marine site), where it is shown in 1927 (G347) as terminating at the eastern edge of the bath’s swimming pool structure. Phase #3: Sometime after 1927 (G347), the wall was again extended past the extant baths, to the current site of the north eastern corner of the Western Beach Boat Club, where it cut diagonally across the current site to the foreshore near where the current clubhouse now stands.


Phase #4: Further land reclamation was undertaken sometime around the late 1950s, when the rest of the current Western Beach Boat Club site was filled, leaving the current boathouse landlocked, whereas it had formerly been set over the water. The site had been leased after the Corio Bay Rowing Club moved back to the Barwon River, and was filled to provide further boat hard storage space (Ethyll, 2004:1). Informants and other information: Ethyll, Bill, 2004, A Yarn with Peter Barrow, Transcript of Interview with Peter Barrow on the History of the Western Beach Boat Club, Western Beach Boat Club Newsletter (In Prep). Downes, R.H.E. (Surveyor), 1893, Wharfage Accommodation. In: Port of Geelong , Victoria, Australia. Memoir Issued on the Occasion of the Opening of the New Ship Channel in Corio Bay By His Excellency The Governor of Victoria, The Right Hon, Earl of Hopetoun K.C.M.G., 1893. (Geelong Heritage Centre) F81, Thacker, H., c 1920s, Plan of Portion of Southern Foreshore, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners (Geelong Heritage Centre). G 288, 1897, Street Plan of Geelong and Suburbs (Geelong Heritage Centre). G347, 1927, City of Geelong, County of Grant, Plan L 5359 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G 389, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1938-40, Plan of Southern Foreshore West of Cunningham Pier (Geelong Heritage Centre). Map Showing Location of Site:

Phase 1; Phase 2; Phase 3; Phase 4


H7721-0172 Site Name: Geelong Public Bathing House/ Jackson and Rays Baths Site Type: Civic, Maritime, Recreation Photograph of Site:

Geelong Bathing House and Yarra St Jetty in 1848 (G12, Geelong Heritage Centre Collection)

Jackson and Rays Baths in 1848 (In: Billot, 1969)


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: baths.


Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological deposits associated with bath use (discard and lost items). Probable structural remains under land reclamation (piles etc) Condition: Excellent Present Use: Western Beach foreshore car park Statement of Significance: One of the earliest bathing complexes in Geelong. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 3/5/2004 Interpretation of Site: The site probably lies under the current Western Beach Car park, and possibly extends up to 20 m past the seawall into the bay. Most of the site is probably buried under seawall reclamation. History of Site: Bay bathing was always a popular pastime in Corio Bay. Initial dressing sheds were built by private interests at both Western and Eastern Beaches, but access to the beaches was often hindered by the cliffs circling the bay, and the heavily timbered regions around Yarra St and Western Beach. Many of the trees were removed in 1842, opening the way for bathing facilities along the foreshore. As early as 1844, the potential of the Corio Bay foreshore as a bathing facility was recognised by early visitors, who complained of the lack of suitable bathing facilities in the area. Within days, the Corio Bathing Establishment announced it was ready for public patronage. The facility provided bathing in 4ft of water, with 10 dressing rooms, which offered patrons seasonal tickets or ad hoc admission. It was not the first bathing house in the Bay, but was the best at its time. There was an unwritten rule that the Western Beach was reserved for gents bathing and the eastern beach for ladies to preserve their modesty. Often, however, some gentlemen did not observe these codes of conduct, and “respectable females were frightened away from their salt water bath”. These transgressions were mostly blamed on visitors, who were not aware of these arrangements (Brownhill, 1990: 627). Madam McGrath resolved the problem when she opened the Ladies Bathing House at Eastern Beach, which was fitted with a large tent over the water to ensure their privacy (Brownhill, 1990: 628). The Geelong Public Bathing House at Western Beach was run by Richard Parker in the 1840s, (an ironmonger in Corio Terrace) before it was destroyed by a storm (Brownhill, 1990: 627). This facility may also have been known as Jackson and Rays Bathing House (Billot, 1969) By 1853, a public meeting was called to form the Geelong Sea Bathing Company. Public subscriptions were issued at £5 each, and the company assured that the Government would issue permissive occupancy of a section of foreshore, subject to the building plans being approved. Works commenced at Eastern each in 1853, and the baths were opened in 1854. Bathing hours were segregated by sex, with ladies allocated the period from 10am – 4pm, and gents the remaining hours, and were superintended by Mr and Mrs Pywell. Pressure from other competitor forced the company to consider another bath for exclusive ladies’ use in 1855 (Brownhill, 1990: 628). Other bathing facilities called the Town Baths had been established in Ryrie St near Yarra St in 1855, and were run by Archibald Syme. The facility offered hot or cold, fresh or salt water baths or showers every day of the week, with two days a week reserved for ladies (Brownhill, 1990: 628-9). In late 1855, a subscription was raised to establish the Western Beach Sea Bathing Company. The baths were designed by architects Backhouse and Reynolds, and work began at the Gulley (Griffins Gulley?) in 1856. A year later, another complex


was planned further east for exclusive gents use, and the original baths were designated for Ladies only bathing (Brownhill, 1990: 629). In 1870, after initial opposition from the two original bathing companies (Western Beach and Sea Bathing Companies), Henry Fitzgerald built and opened the Victoria Baths at the end of Cavendish St (near the current Western Beach Boat Club Compound) (Brownhill, 1990: 629, 640). As competition increased, another baths complex was opened by the Geelong Sea Bathing Company in 1872, who also undertook alterations to their Ladies Baths facility (Brownhill, 1990: 629). In retaliation the two bathing companies at Western Beach combined their services in 1873, and the Victoria Baths were allocated for gents bathing, the Western Beach Gents Baths were allocated for ladies, and the former ladies baths were demolished (Brownhill, 1990: 629).Swimming clubs were formed at both ends of town, producing many champions (Brownhill, 1990: 629). The first Hot Sea Baths were introduced by the Geelong Sea Bathing Company at Eastern Beach in 1885, but failed as there was insufficient gas to heat the water. The problem was fixed within a month, the baths were being touted as cures for rheumatism, gout and aches and pains (Brownhill, 1990: 630). In 1880, another sea baths, Andersons Sea Bathing Company, were established to the west of the Geelong Sea Bathing Company Gents Baths (G347). The Western Beach Baths were described as being large swimming baths for both sexes, along with hot salt water baths for the treatment of rheumatism (Brownhill, 1990:91). Informants and other information: Brownhill, Walter, Randolph, 1990, The History of Geelong and Corio Bay, with postscript 1955-1990, Geelong: Geelong Advertiser Henry, John A., 1944, Do you remember? Early Geelong, Volume 1, Geelong: Solomons Pty Ltd G12, Urquhart, 1848, Plans of Allotments of North Geelong, County of Grant (Geelong Heritage Centre Collection). G89, Hoddle, 1850, Plan of Section No. XXXVIII. XXXIX & XL, Township of Geelong, (Geelong Heritage Centre). G347, 1927, City of Geelong, County of Grant, Plan L 5359 (Geelong Heritage Centre).




Modern Site Name: Geelong Port Social Club Building Site Type: Civic, Maritime, Recreation Photograph of Site:

Geelong Port Social Club Building

Geelong Port Social Club Building from west


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Extant social club building. Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological deposits associated with building’s use (discard and lost items). Extant social club building. Condition: Excellent Present Use: vacant Statement of Significance: Social significance to local Geelong Waterside workers. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 3/5/2004


Interpretation of Site: Typical 1960s era building constructed on concrete besa blocks. History of Site: Built for recreational requirements of the Geelong Waterside workers. The building was demolished 2004/2005. Map Showing Location of Site:



H7721-0173 Site Name: Wooden Barge Construction Yard/Higgs Brothers Marine Site Type: Industrial, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Barge being launched sideways into Corio Bay at Higgs Marine (Ford Museum Collection)


Description of Site Brief Description of Site:Boatbuilding Yard. Key Components of Site: No evidence of the former yard appears to have survived on land, but may be buried under the current Western Beach Playground. Evidence may survive in the water adjacent to the site but was not inspected. Condition: Poor Present Use: Western Beach Playground Threats: Western Beach Skateboard Park Statement of Significance: One of many boat builders along the western to eastern beach foreshore. Possible state significance due to associations with launching landing craft built at the Ford Factory and used in New Guinea in WWII. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 3/5/2004 Interpretation of Site: The site appears to have been either buried or removed during the construction of the Western Beach Playground Reserve. History of Site: This site was first used to construct timber barges for coal storage (Phillips, 1959:57), and may have been operated by one of the nearby shipping company coal yards. The site was later incorporated into Higgs Brothers Marine, and used to build and launch landing craft built at the Ford Factory during WWII (Phillips, 1959:58; Don Campbell, pers comms; Mike Trickey, pers comms). Most vessels were launched sideways into the water and were chocked up on the mud flats


to perform inspections etc. The boatyard operated until probably at least the 1950s and possibly later. Craddock (pers comms) recalls that the shipwright Higgs was located opposite Finnegan’s, and gave up about 20 years ago. Further research is required for this site. Informants and other information: Phillips, R.R., 1959, Geelong Harbour Trust: An Abridged General History of the Port Prior to, and Since the Incorporation of the Trust in 1905. Prepared by the Secretary, Geelong, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, Geelong Heritage Centre Collection Personal Communications: Don Campbell, Geelong Maritime Museum Rob Craddock, Geelong Historical Society Mike Trickey, Ford Discovery Centre Queenscliff Maritime Centre Display Map Showing Location of Site:


H7721-0174 Site Name: Customs Reserve for Goods Shed Site Type: Civic, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Customs Reserve for Goods Shed (G387 Geelong Heritage Centre)


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Customs Goods Reserve. Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological relics associated with former use (discard and lost items). Condition: Fair


Statement of Significance: Local Heritage significance as one of a former waterfront customs goods store. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 3/5/2004 Interpretation of Site: Now lies under Cunningham Pier Toilet Block History of Site: The site is shown in an 1898 plan. Informants and other information: Plans: G387, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1898, Soundings Taken Around Railway Wharf, Moorabool St Wharf, Yarra St Wharf, and Small Craft Jetty No 13 (Geelong Heritage Centre) Map Showing Location of Site:


H1527 Site Name: Geelong Telegraph Office #4 / Timeball Tower Site Type: maritime, communications Photograph of Site:

Timeball Tower in 1875 (Hawthorne and Reid, 1988: 20)

Telegraph Station and former Timeball Tower in Ryrie Street (Brad Duncan Collection)

Location AMG (AGD 1966): 268268 5774255


Map Name: and Number: Geelong 7721

Description of Site Brief Description of Site: telegraph office Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological deposits associated with telegraph station use (discard and lost items). Extant building (Timeball missing). Condition: Excellent Present Use: Statement of Significance: State level significance. Already on Heritage Register. Only Timeball tower in Geelong. Essential maritime facility for calibrating ships chronometers. One of 4 telegraph stations in Geelong Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 3/5/2004 History of Site: The first Telegraph Office (#1) was housed in the First Customs House (#1) Building in Transvaal Square, and was later moved to premises at the SE corner of Bellarine and McKillop Street (Telegraph Office #2). When accommodation at those buildings proved too small, the office was moved to the post office building in Ryrie St (Telegraph Office #3). The adjacent building in the same street was once also used for this purpose. This building, Telegraph Office #4, also housed the Timeball tower for many years. Informants and other information: Brownhill, Walter, Randolph, 1990, The History of Geelong and Corio Bay, with postscript 1955-1990, Geelong: Geelong Advertiser Hawthorne, Ian, and Reid, John, 1988, Geelong & District. A Sepia Album of Historic Photographs, 1838-1988, Bacchus Marsh: Joval Commercial Publications. Map Showing Location of Site:

Chapter 5.5: Maritime Infrastructure Heritage Project Geelong: Central Geelong

Region 5. Central Geelong Waterfront (Cunningham Pier to Eastern Pier)



H7721- 0175 Site Name: Railway Pier #1/ Railway Jetty/ Railway Pier #2/ Cunningham Pier Site Type: Civic, Industrial, Maritime. Listings: Photograph of Site:

Railway Pier # 1 and Siding, 1858 (G134, Geelong Heritage Centre Collection)

Cunningham Pier with new Smorgy’s restaurant at extremity


Remnant Piles at Cunningham Pier

Location AMG (AGD 1966): 268702 5774948 Map Name: and Number: Geelong 7721 County: Parish: Local Government Area: Greater Geelong City

Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Extant pier (Cunningham Pier), with possible remnants of previous pier evident in piles underneath landward section of current pier. Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological relics associated with pier use. Probable structural remains of timbers from pier and stone from original jetty under water and under land reclamation. Condition: Good Present Use: Cunningham Pier Statement of Significance: The original Railway Pier and Cunningham Pier have state level significance: 1. As a key element in facilitating the opening of the Geelong Railway. 2. Due to its strong associations with the development of the Western District Wool and Wheat Trade Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 3/5/2004 Interpretation of Site: Although the site of the original curved pier has probably been extensively dredged at its shorewards extremities, remains of the original piles and other discard may have survived at the north western extremity, which has never been subject to major pier development. The jetty section is likely to be extant under the land reclamation that occurred up to the 1930s. Original pier piles appear to have been incorporated into subsequent alterations to the pier. History of Site: Work began on the pier in 1854 and was completed in 1855 by the Geelong and Melbourne Railway Company, who also constructed a branch line to the proposed railway station. The new pier was badly needed in the colony in 1854, as


the other contemporary piers and wharves (Moorabool St and Steamboat Wharves, Yarra St and Customs House (Eastern) Pier) were either falling apart or inadequate for shipping needs (Brownhill, 1990: 45, 284). The pier’s pronounced curve to the west proved a hindrance to other pier development in the area. By 1862, plans were adopted to build a new 1000ft long straight pier extending to 22 ft depth of water, and the contract was awarded to Hugh Dalrymple. Work began in 1863 and was completed by 1864. It was 24 ft wide for a length of 250ft from shore, where it widened to 44ft for its remaining length. The pier was originally known as Railway Jetty, then Railway Pier, and later as Cunningham Pier, and has been an integral part of Geelong’s import and export trade (Brownhill, 1990:291, 292; G448). The pier was renovated in the late 1990s, with a new restaurant pavilion, Smorgy’s, built at the seaward extremity. Informants and other information: Brownhill, Walter, Randolph, 1990, The History of Geelong and Corio Bay, with postscript 1955-1990, Geelong: Geelong Advertiser Plans: Downes, R.H.E. (Surveyor), 1893, Wharfage Accommodation. In: Port of Geelong , Victoria, Australia. Memoir Issued on the Occasion of the Opening of the New Ship Channel in Corio Bay By His Excellency The Governor of Victoria, The Right Hon, Earl of Hopetoun K.C.M.G., 1893 (Geelong Heritage Centre). F81, Thacker, H., c 1920s, The Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, Plan of Portion of Southern Foreshore (Geelong Heritage Centre). G80, c. 1854, Geelong County of Grant (Geelong Heritage Centre). G80, Taylor, I. H., 1854, Geelong, County of Grant, Victoria, Map of Geelong City from a Survey by I.H. Taylor, Surveyor (Geelong Heritage Centre). G95, Lands Department, 1881, Town of Geelong, Parish of Corio, County Grant, Melbourne: Lands and Surveys Department Plan C/2, I Noone (?), 1/5/1881 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G111, 1856, Map of Geelong, Compiled From Most Authentic Sources, DeGruchey and Leigh Sc. (Geelong Heritage Centre). G121, Hooke, 1881, Town of Geelong, parish of Corio, County of Grant, Lands and Survey Department Plan L6066. (Geelong Heritage Centre). G134, 1858, The Town of Geelong, Public Lands Office, 1858 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G165, Geelong and Suburbs, Broadbents No. 180, Street Plan of Geelong and Suburbs, c. 1960, Geelong: The Paul Hamlyn Group (Geelong Heritage Centre). G 278, GHTC, 1927, Part of City of Geelong, Parish of Corio, County of Paywitt (Geelong Heritage Centre). G280, 1916, Geelong City Sites, Will Be Sold At Auction on The Properties, On Thursday, 6th July, 1916 at 2.30pm, Auction Notice, Hendy, Leary and Co. (Geelong Heritage Centre). G 285, Thomas, 1864, Town of Geelong, Melbourne: Public Lands Office (Geelong Heritage Centre). G 288, 1897, Street Plan of Geelong and Suburbs (Geelong Heritage Centre). G347, 1927, City of Geelong, County of Grant, Plan L 5359, [Probable Lands Department Plan] (Geelong Heritage Centre).


G360, c. 1895, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, Plan of Railway Pier Showing Length of Wharf When Dredged, Plan No 11111 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G360, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1895, Additional Berthing Accommodation at Railway Pier (Geelong Heritage Centre). G360, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1898, Dredging Line and Wall Reclamations at Railway Pier (Geelong Heritage Centre). G360, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1927, Railway Pier Cross Section at Pier 10 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G 389, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1938-40, Plan of Southern Foreshore Western Half, Plan No 7212, 24/3/1937 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G 389, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1938-40, Plan of Southern Foreshore West of Cunningham Pier, Plan 7235 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G403, Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust, Detail Plan No. 34, Municipality, City of Geelong (Geelong Heritage Centre). G448, 1872, Town of Geelong, Plan of Subdivision of Improved Lands, Plan L4390 (Geelong Heritage Centre). PRO RFCL 1640, 1880, Geelong, County of Grant, 8/5/1880 (Public Records Office, Victoria) Map Showing Location of Site:


Owner /Occupier: Occupier: Smorgy’s Restaurant


D7721-0176 Site Name: Railway Pier Rail Siding Site Type: Civic, Maritime Listings: Photograph of Site:

Location AMG (AGD 1966): 268418 5774593 Map Name: and Number: Geelong 7721 County: Parish: Local Government Area: Greater Geelong

Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Railway Siding Key Components of Site: Former railway tracks and siding, some of which are buried under landfill. Probable relics associated with railway use Condition: Fair Present Use: Street Statement of Significance: State level significance associated with establishment of Geelong Railway Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 20/5/2004 Interpretation of Site: Remnants of the siding are located in Cunningham St , to the north of Transit Place and Brougham St. The alignment of the siding is still evident in the streetscape, and remnants of railway lines are visible at the latter and possibly exist under the road surface. History of Site: Work began on the pier in 1854 and was completed in 1855 by the Geelong and Melbourne Railway Company, who also constructed a branch line to the proposed railway station. The new pier was badly needed in the colony in 1854, as the other contemporary piers and wharves (Moorabool St and Steamboat Wharves, Yarra St and Customs House (Eastern) Pier) were either falling apart or inadequate for shipping needs (Brownhill, 1990: 45, 284). The pier was built with a pronounced curve to the west, which proved a hindrance to other pier development in the area. By 1862, Plans were adopted to build a new 1000ft long straight pier extending to 22 ft depth of water. The contract was awarded to Hugh Dalrymple. Work began in 1863 and was completed by 1864. It was 24 ft wide for a length of 250ft from shore, where it widened to 44ft for its remaining length. The pier was originally known as Railway Jetty, then Railway Pier, and later as Cunningham Pier, and has been an integral part of Geelong’s import and export trade. The railway siding was used to supply coal to the Geelong train Station, and was built at the same time as the original Railway Pier. The siding appears to have been still extant in 1940, although it is uncertain if it was still in use at that time (Brownhill, 1990:291, 292; G80).


Informants and other information: Brownhill, Walter, Randolph, 1990, The History of Geelong and Corio Bay, with postscript 1955-1990, Geelong: Geelong Advertiser Plans: F81, Thacker, H., c 1920s, The Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, Plan of Portion of Southern Foreshore (Geelong Heritage Centre). G80, c. 1854, Geelong County of Grant (Geelong Heritage Centre). G80, Taylor, I. H., 1854, Map of Geelong City from a Survey by I.H. Taylor, Surveyor (Geelong Heritage Centre). G95, Lands Department, 1881, Town of Geelong, Parish of Corio, County Grant, Melbourne: Lands and Surveys Department Plan C/2, I Noone (?), 1/5/1881 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G111, 1856, Map of Geelong, Compiled From Most Authentic Sources, DeGruchey and Leigh Sc (Geelong Heritage Centre). G121, Hooke, 1881, Town of Geelong, parish of Corio, County of Grant, Lands and Survey Department Plan L6066 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G134 Public Lands Office, 1858, Town of Geelong (Geelong Heritage Centre). G278, GHTC, 1927, Part of City of Geelong, Parish of Corio, County of Paywitt (Geelong Heritage Centre). G285, Thomas, 1864, Town of Geelong, Melbourne: Public Lands Office (Geelong Heritage Centre). G288, 1897, Street Plan of Geelong and Suburbs (Geelong Heritage Centre). G347, 1927, City of Geelong, County of Grant, Plan L 5359, (Probable Lands Department Plan) (Geelong Heritage Centre). G 389, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1938-40, Plan of Southern Foreshore Western Half, Plan No 7212, 24/3/1937 G403, Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust, Detail Plan No. 34, Municipality, City of Geelong (Geelong Heritage Centre). G448, 1872, Town of Geelong, Plan of Subdivision of Improved Lands, Plan L4390 (Geelong Heritage Centre). PRO RFCL 1640, 1880, Geelong, County of Grant, 8/5/1880 (Publics Records Office, Victoria). Map Showing Location of Site:



Owner /Occupier: Agency:VicRoads


D7721-0177 Site Name: Sailor Rest #2 Site Type: Civic, Maritime Listings: Photograph of Site:

Location AMG (AGD 1966): 268670 5774660 Map Name: and Number: Geelong 7721 County: Parish: Local Government Area: Geelong

Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Sailors Rest Facility Key Components of Site: Possible archaeological relics associated with former use (discard and lost items) Condition: Fair Statement of Significance: One of three former Sailors Rest Sites in Geelong Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 3/5/2004 Interpretation of Site: Some possible archaeological integrity under floorboards. History of Site: The first Sailors Rest in Geelong was located on Corio St, just a little to the east of Moorabool St. The facility was sponsored by local community members who wished to support and welcome sailors into the area. Bags of books were often distributed to seamen, and the practice started at this first location (Brownhill, 1990:268). Sailors Rest #2: A new quarters was established on the 7th February 1899, at the Liverpool, London and Globe Insurance Company Offices in Moorabool St (Brownhill, 1990:268). Sailors Rest #3: The last Sailors Rest was a purpose built structure that opened in 1912, and was located at the northern end of Moorabool St (Brownhill, 1990:268). Informants and other information: Brownhill, Walter, Randolph, 1990, The History of Geelong and Corio Bay, with postscript 1955-1990, Geelong: Geelong Advertiser Map Showing Location of Site:



Owner /Occupier: Private: Crown: Agency: Owners Name: Contact Name: Postal Address: Telephone: Fax: Occupier: Postal Address: Telephone: Fax:


D7721-0178 Site Name: Sailor Rest #1/ Ibbotson’s Boatbuilders Site Type: Civic, Maritime Listings: Photograph of Site:

Location AMG (AGD 1966): 268743 5774679 Map Name: and Number: Geelong 7721 Cadastral Location County: Allotment: Block: Parish: Parcel: Local Government Area:

Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Sailors Rest Facility Key Components of Site: The foundations of former structure may exist under the current building, but may have been removed during construction of the latter site Condition: Poor Present Use: Threats: Statement of Significance: First Sailors rest facility in Geelong. Significant component of early maritime landscape of Geelong. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 3/5/2004 Interpretation of Site: Minimal archaeological evidence expected, as site probably extensively excavated during the construction of the market square complex. History of Site: The first Sailors Rest in Geelong was located on Corio St, just a little to the east of Moorabool St. The facility was sponsored by local community members who wished to support and welcome sailors into the area. Bags of books were often distributed to seamen, and the practice started at this first location (Brownhill, 1990:268). Sailors Rest #2: A re-established quarters was established on the 7th February 1899, at the Liverpool, London and Globe Insurance Company Offices in Moorabool St (Brownhill, 1990:268). Sailors Rest #3: The last Sailors Rest was a purpose built structure that opened in 1912, and was located at the northern end of Moorabool St (Brownhill, 1990:268). Ibbotson’s Boatbuilders were located on this site in 1880 (PRO, 1880).


Informants and other information: Brownhill, Walter, Randolph, 1990, The History of Geelong and Corio Bay, with postscript 1955-1990, Geelong: Geelong Advertiser PRO RFCL 1640, 1880, Geelong, County of Grant, 8/5/1880 (Public Records Office, Victoria) Map Showing Location of Site:


Owner /Occupier: Private: Crown: Agency: Owners Name: Toll Geelong Contact Name: Postal Address: Telephone: Fax: Occupier: Postal Address: Telephone: Fax:


H7721-0179/ H1892 Site Name: Geelong Customs House #3 and Reserve Site Type: Civic, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Figure ??: Geelong Customs House in Brougham Terrace (Brad Duncan Collection)

Trig Mark on the steps of the Geelong Customs House #3 that was used as a bench mark for all hydrographic surveys in Corio Bay (Brad Duncan Collection)

Location AMG (AGD 1966): 268754 5774602 Map Name: and Number: Geelong 7721 Cadastral Location County: Allotment: Block:


Parish: Parcel: Local Government Area:

Description of Site Brief Description of Site: The Customs reserve is bounded by Moorabool St, Brougham Eastern Beach St, and the Sheraton Hotel site, and was significantly wider than the current reserve. Key Components of Site: Customs House and Bond Store Condition: Excellent Present Use: Geelong Regional Tourism Office Statement of Significance: State level significance as an extant example of a former customs house. Essential component of Geelong maritime waterfront landscape. Significant local heritage value. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 20/5/2004 Interpretation of Site: The extant Customs house and the area to the north to Eastern Beach Parade is listed on the Victorian Heritage Register (H1892), but does not include the former complete extremity of the original reserve. Subsurface archaeological relics associated with Customs activities may exist in these areas (under the carpark and Geelong Toll building). History of Site: The first Customs House (#1) was built in 1838 (Henry, 1944:8), and was later shared by the first telegraph office was established in 1854 (Brownhill, 1990: 582). Customs House (#2) was built in 1845 on the site of the current Transvaal Square Park. By 1854, the entire area north of Brougham Terrace and bounded by Moorabool St, the area directly south of Eastern Jetty, and the foreshore was shown as a reserve, with Customs reserves at each extremity (G80). A new Customs House (#3) was built in 1856 on the corner of Brougham Terrace and Moorabool S, and by 1858, the western area of what is now known as Transvaal Square was shown as Storage Lots (G134), and the Customs Reserve was then shown on Brougham Terrace south of the area between Moorabool Jetty and Steampacket Jetty (G134). Geelong’s Third Customs House was built in 1856 in Brougham Terrace, and also housed the Treasury (Henry, 1944:8). A trig mark on the front steps was used as a bench mark reference for all hydrographic surveys undertaken in Corio Bay. Various Customs reserves were also scattered around the Geelong waterfront (eg see G387; Downes, 1893). Informants and other information: Henry, John A., 1944, Do you remember? Early Geelong, Volume 1, Geelong: Solomons Pty Ltd Plans: Downes, R.H.E. (Surveyor), 1893, Wharfage Accommodation. In: Port of Geelong , Victoria, Australia. Memoir Issued on the Occasion of the Opening of the New Ship


Channel in Corio Bay By His Excellency The Governor of Victoria, The Right Hon, Earl of Hopetoun K.C.M.G., 1893 (Geelong Heritage Centre). F81, Thacker, H., c 1920s, The Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, Plan of Portion of Southern Foreshore (Geelong Heritage Centre). G80, c. 1854, Geelong, County of Grant, Victoria (Geelong Heritage Centre) G95, Lands Department, 1881, Town of Geelong, Parish of Corio, County Grant, Melbourne: Lands and Surveys Department Plan C/2, I Noone (?), 1/5/1881 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G121, Hooke, 1881, Town of Geelong, parish of Corio, County of Grant, Lands and Survey Department Plan L6066. (Geelong Heritage Centre). G134 Public Lands Office, 1858, Town of Geelong (Geelong Heritage Centre). G134, 1858, The Town of Geelong, Public Lands Office, 1858 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G 285, Thomas, 1864, Town of Geelong, Melbourne: Public Lands Office (Geelong Heritage Centre). G347, 1927, City of Geelong, County of Grant, Plan L 5359, [Probable Lands Department Plan] (Geelong Heritage Centre). G 357, nd, Waterworks and Sewerage Trust, Detail Plan No. 33, (Geelong Heritage Centre). G387, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1898, Soundings Taken Around Railway Wharf, Moorabool St Wharf, Yarra St Wharf, and Small Craft Jetty No 13, (Geelong Heritage Centre). G403, Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust, Detail Plan No. 34, Municipality, City of Geelong (Geelong Heritage Centre). G448, 1872, Town of Geelong, Plan of Subdivision of Improved Lands, Plan L4390 (Geelong Heritage Centre). PRO RFCL 1640, 1880, Geelong, County of Grant, 8/5/1880 (Public Records Office). Map Showing Location of Site:

Directions for Relocation of Site: Melways Ref:

Owner /Occupier: Occupier: Geelong Otway Tourism Bureau


D7721-0180 Site Name: Sailor Rest #3 Site Type: Civic, Maritime Listings: Photograph of Site:

Sailors Rest #3, Corner Eastern Beach Road and Moorabool St

Location AMG (AGD 1966): 268743 5774679 Map Name: and Number: Geelong 7721 County: Parish: Local Government Area:

Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Sailors Rest Facility Key Components of Site: Extant building and probable archaeological deposits associated with former use (discard and lost items) Condition: Excellent Present Use: Sailors Rest Restaurant Statement of Significance: Only extant example of Sailors Rest building in Geelong. Significant component of waterfront landscape. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 3/5/2004 Interpretation of Site: External façade of site intact. Some probable archaeological integrity under floorboards. History of Site: The first Sailors Rest in Geelong was located on Corio St, just a little to the east of Moorabool St. The facility was sponsored by local community members who wished to support and welcome sailors into the area. Bags of books were often distributed to seamen, and the practice started at this first location (Brownhill, 1990:268). Sailors Rest #2: A re-established quarters was established on the 7th February 1899, at the Liverpool, London and Globe Insurance Company Offices in


Moorabool St (Brownhill, 1990:268). Sailors Rest #3: This last Sailors Rest was a purpose built structure that opened in 1912, and was located at the northern end of Moorabool St (Brownhill, 1990:268). Informants and other information: Brownhill, Walter, Randolph, 1990, The History of Geelong and Corio Bay, with postscript 1955-1990, Geelong: Geelong Advertiser Plans: G 278, GHTC, 1927, Part of City of Geelong, Parish of Corio, County of Paywitt (Geelong Heritage Centre). G347, 1927, City of Geelong, County of Grant, Plan L 5359, [Probable Lands Department Plan] (Geelong Heritage Centre). G 357, nd, Waterworks and Sewerage Trust, Detail Plan No. 33, (Geelong Heritage Centre). G403, Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust, Detail Plan No. 34, Municipality, City of Geelong (Geelong Heritage Centre). Map Showing Location of Site:


Owner /Occupier: Private: Sailors Rest Restaurant Postal Address: 3 Moorabool St, Geelong, 3220 Telephone: 5224 2241


H7721-0181 Site Name: Central Geelong Seawall and Reclamation Site Type: Civic, Maritime Photograph of Site:

1880 Plan showing proposed seawall and reclamation area (PRO RFCL 1640)

1881 Plan showing initial construction phases on eastern side of Moorabool Jetty (G121, Geelong Heritage Centre)


1898 plan showing completed seawall section on western side of Moorabool Pier, and proposed line to be reclaimed from ships ballast (G387, Geelong Heritage Centre)

Seawall section and drain east of Steampacket Quay

Seawall section east of Steampacket Quay with concrete foreshore beautification works on top

Piles, Ringbolts and Chains in Eastern Seawall Section


Location AMG (AGD 1966): 268802 5774799 Map Name: and Number: Geelong 7721 Cadastral Location County: Parish: Local Government Area:

Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Seawall Key Components of Site: Extant original seawall, incorporated into modern sea defence and foreshore beautification works Condition: Excellent Present Use: Seawall Statement of Significance: Original seawall that formed part of the major foreshore reclamation works for the Geelong Waterfront. Significant to local development of the Port of Geelong. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 3/5/2004 Plan of Site: All features Associated with Site: Interpretation of Site: The seawall is intact except for a section where the Moorabool Basin has been excavated. Possible archaeological material from various maritime sources may lie behind the seawall, including former ships ballast, artefacts associated with pier/ jetty use, rubbish disposal discard and possible flotsam and jetsam. The seawall has a number of ringbolts and chains on the eastern extremity in association with extant pier piles, which area probably associated with either the former Steamboat Wharf or have been provided for temporary small boat mooring. The stepped design of the seawall suggest that the area may also have been subsequently used for swimming or small boat launching access. A brick lined drain is also evident on the western extremity of the site near Cunningham Pier. History of Site: By the 1880s, work had begun to straighten and secure the shoreline on both sides on Moorabool Pier. The work was drawn out and sporadic, with silt laden punts ferrying dredge spoil from the channel deepening at Point Henry to add to the landfill. A seawall was built approximately 80m to the north of the then foreshore, and formed an integral part of the foreshore reclamation works. Shipping agents headquarters and coal yards were subsequently built on this land (Brownhill, 1990:633). The initial phase of the development began on between Moorabool Jetty and Steamboat Jetty (G121). By 1898, the seawall had been completed between Moorabool Pier to Railway Pier and further to the west. Works were still underway to fill complete the section between now demolished Steamboat Wharf and Yarra Pier, which was to be filled with ships ballast. This area has been subject to extensive rubbish disposal from the township for many years, prior to the land reclamation. A number of open drains are also known to have existed in this area (F81).


Informants and other information: Brownhill, Walter, Randolph, 1990, The History of Geelong and Corio Bay, with postscript 1955-1990, Geelong: Geelong Advertiser Plans: Downes, R.H.E. (Surveyor), 1893, Wharfage Accommodation. In: Port of Geelong , Victoria, Australia. Memoir Issued on the Occasion of the Opening of the New Ship Channel in Corio Bay By His Excellency The Governor of Victoria, The Right Hon, Earl of Hopetoun K.C.M.G., 1893 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G121, Hooke, 1881 Town of Geelong, parish of Corio, County of Grant, Lands and Survey Department Plan L6066 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G278, GHTC, 1927, Part of City of Geelong, Parish of Corio, County of Paywitt (Geelong Heritage Centre). G288, 1897, Street Plan of Geelong and Suburbs, (Geelong Heritage Centre). G347, 1927, City of Geelong, County of Grant, Plan L 5359, [Probable Lands Department Plan] (Geelong Heritage Centre). G357, nd, Waterworks and Sewerage Trust, Detail Plan No. 33, (Geelong Heritage Centre). G360, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1898, Dredging Line and Wall Reclamations at Railway Pier (Geelong Heritage Centre). G387, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1898, Soundings Taken Around Railway Wharf, Moorabool St Wharf, Yarra St Wharf, and Small Craft Jetty No 13 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G 389, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1938-40, Plan of Southern Foreshore Western Half, Plan No 7212, 24/3/1937 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G403, Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust, Detail Plan No. 34, Municipality, City of Geelong (Geelong Heritage Centre). F81, Thacker, H., c 1920s, Plan of Portion of Southern Foreshore, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners (Geelong Heritage Centre). PRO RFCL 1640, 1880, Geelong, County of Grant, 8/5/1880 (Public Records Office).






H7721-0181 Site Name: Huddart Parker and Company Offices and Coal Yards Site Type: Commercial, Maritime Listings: Photograph of Site:

1920s Plan of Central Geelong Foreshore showing Huddart Parker, WH (Howard Smith and McIlwraith and McEachan coal yards (F81, Geelong Heritage Centre)

Site of former Huddart Parker Company Coal Yard adjacent to Moorabool Basin

Location AMG (AGD 1966): 268707 5774797 Map Name: and Number: Geelong 7721 Cadastral Location County: Parcel: Local Government Area:

Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Coal Yard Key Components of Site: Possible remnant building foundations, coal stockpiles and associated relics. Condition: Fair Present Use: Steampacket Gardens Foreshore Reserve Statement of Significance: One of three coal yards owned by private shipping companies to supply their steamships fuel requirements. Significant links to Bay steamer trade. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 3/5/2004 Interpretation of Site: The area is now occupied by parkland and the excavated Moorabool Pier basin. Some relics are likely under landfill in this area, which


appears to have been raised and contoured. Other archaeological deposits associated with other maritime activities (eg flotsam/ jetsam; vernacular rubbish dumps; careening areas) that predate the extensive landfilling of the waterfront may still exist in this area. History of Site: Peter Huddart was a pioneer coal Merchant in Geelong, and together with his nephew James, created the Huddart Parker Company (Brownhill, 1990: 289). First shown on reclaimed land site in 1897 plan (G387). Informants and other information: Brownhill, Walter, Randolph, 1990, The History of Geelong and Corio Bay, with postscript 1955-1990, Geelong: Geelong Advertiser F81, Thacker, H., c 1920s, Plan of Portion of Southern Foreshore, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners G387, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1898, Soundings Taken Around Railway Wharf, Moorabool St Wharf, Yarra St Wharf, and Small Craft Jetty No 13 Map Showing Location of Site:



H7721-0181 Site Name: New Jetty/ Steamboat Pier or Wharf/Moorabool St Wharf or Pier/ Steampacket Quay Site Type: Civic, Maritime Listings: Photograph of Site:

Figure ??: Moorabool St Pier c 1920s with bay steamers Courier (left) and Edina (In Henry, 1944, 37)

Moorabool Pier Building c. 1900 (Geelong Maritime Museum Collection)

Steampacket Quay and section of Central Geelong Seawall


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Pier and piles Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological deposits associated with pier use (discard and lost items). Probable structural remains underwater. Condition: Fair Present Use: Moorabool Basin Threats:


Statement of Significance: The wharf was used extensively with Bay Steamers Trade vessels and Customs Department. The wharf was a significant component of the early Geelong Harbour and foreshore. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 3/5/2004 Plan of Site: All features Associated with Site: Interpretation of Site: Extensive pier piles were found associated with the former pier structure during excavation of the Steampacket Quay/ Moorabool Basin. Undisturbed stone components of the former jetty structure are likely to still be extant under land reclamation. History of Site: The Moorabool Wharf was commenced in 1853 and completed by 1855. It changed shape and size many times, until it was demolished in 1949 to provide more room for large ships berthing at Cunningham Pier. It was replaced by an ornamental seawall along the line of the foreshore. The wharf was first altered in 1856, when two sheds (120 ft long x 30ft wide) were constructed on it for produce storage. In 1873, the wharf was widened to 70ft, strengthened, and partly reconstructed to include a roadway. A few years later, after a hawker was drowned when he fell through a hole in the decking, the wharf was given a major upgrade, and was then used extensively in the Bay Steamer tourist trade (Brownhill, 1990:45, 292). Moorabool Street Pier serviced the bay steamer trade from Melbourne, and was often visited by the vessels Courier, Edina, Coogee, Excelsior and Alert. Buildings were later constructed on the pier end, but had been removed by the 1940s (Henry, 1944: 37). Sections of the former pier were exposed during the construction of Steampacket Quay in the late 1990s, with numerous extant piles and other artefacts were evident onsite. A customs facility may have operated in this area, as indicated by several smashed bottles located with their corks and wires still intact (Weaver, pers comms). Informants and other information: Brownhill, Walter, Randolph, 1990, The History of Geelong and Corio Bay, with postscript 1955-1990, Geelong: Geelong Advertiser Henry, John A., 1944, Do you remember? Early Geelong, Volume 1, Geelong: Solomons Pty Ltd Plans: G111, 1856, Map of Geelong, DeGruchey and Leigh (Geelong Heritage Centre). G134 Public Lands Office, 1858, Town of Geelong (Geelong Heritage Centre). G360, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, c. 1895, Plan of Railway Pier Showing Length of Wharf When Dredged (Geelong Heritage Centre). G387, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1898, Soundings Taken Around Railway Wharf, Moorabool St Wharf, Yarra St Wharf, and Small Craft Jetty No 13 (Geelong Heritage Centre)


F81, Thacker, H., c 1920s, Plan of Portion of Southern Foreshore, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners (Geelong Heritage Centre) PRO RFCL 1640, Geelong, County of Grant, 1880 (Public Records Office) Weaver, Fiona, Pers comms, Practical Archaeology Services Map Showing Location of Site:




H7721-0183 Site Name: Moorabool St Compass Adjusting Buoy Site Type: Civic, Maritime Listings: Photograph of Site:

Downes 1893 plan showing the Compass Adjusting Buoy between Railway and Steamboat Pier

Location AMG (AGD 1966): 268964 5775366 Map Name: and Number: Cadastral Location County: Parish: Local Government Area:

Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Compass Adjusting buoy Key Components of Site: Possible mooring anchors and barrel buoy remains Condition: Unknown – not inspected Present Use: Harbour Threats: Statement of Significance: Only known compass adjusting buoy in Geelong Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 20/6/2004 Interpretation of Site: Possible mooring anchors and barrel buoy remains still on seabed. Site not inspected


History of Site: This facility was first shown in Downes plan of 1893. In 1898, it was located 1200ft in a N15ºE direction from the NE corner of Moorabool Wharf (G387). Informants and other information: Downes, R.H.E.(Surveyor), 1893, Wharfage Accommodation. In Port of Geelong , Victoria, Australia. Memoir Issued on the Occasion of the Opening of the New Ship Channel in Corio Bay By His Excellency The Governor of Victoria, The Right Hon, Earl of Hopetoun K.C.M.G., 1893. G387, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1898, Soundings Taken Around Railway Wharf, Moorabool St Wharf, Yarra St Wharf, and Small Craft Jetty No 13 Map Showing Location of Site:


Owner /Occupier: Private: Crown: Agency: Parks Victoria Owners Name: Contact Name: Postal Address: Telephone: Fax: Occupier: Postal Address: Telephone: Fax:


H7721- 0181 Site Name: Small Craft Jetty / Alexander Thompson Jetty Site Type: Civic, Maritime Listings: Photograph of Site:

Small Craft Jetty (G389, Geelong Heritage Centre)

Modern Alexander Thompson Jetty

Location AMG (AGD 1966): 268817 5774801 Map Name: and Number: Geelong 7721 Cadastral Location County: Allotment: Block: Parish: Parcel: Local Government Area:


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: pier Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological deposits associated with pier use (discard and lost items) Probable structural remains Condition: Good – though site not inspected Present Use: Alexander Thompson Pier Threats: Statement of Significance: Part of a landscape of small boat piers around the Geelong foreshore maintained by the GHT, which form important components of the recreational landscape of Geelong Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 20/6/2004 Plan of Site: All features Associated with Site: Interpretation of Site: The new Alexander Thompson pier has been built over the site of the previous pier (at its root) but on a different angle. Remains of the previous pier are probable under the present one. History of Site: Small craft pier first shown in this area in 1937 plan (G387). Alexander Thompson Pier was built in 1968 by the GHT (plaque on pier). Informants and other information: G 389, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1938-40, Plan of Southern Foreshore Western Half






H7721-0181 Site Name: Howard Smith and Company Offices and Coal Yards Site Type: Commercial, Maritime Photograph of Site:

GHTC plan of Howard Smith Office 1912 (G311, Geelong Heritage Centre)

Location AMG (AGD 1966): 268787 5774742 Map Name: and Number: Sorrento 7721 Cadastral Location County: Parish: Local Government Area:

Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Coal Yard and offices Key Components of Site: Subsurface archaeological deposits (most probably coal). Possible structural remains of buildings stumps Condition: Fair Present Use: Steampacket Gardens reserve Threats: Statement of Significance: One of three steamship company offices in area. Significant links to Bay steamer trade. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 3/5/2004


Interpretation of Site: Former remnants of the site may exist below ground, including former building foundations. Grassed area of the gardens appears undisturbed. History of Site: In 1888, the Howard Smith Company leased the corner of Moorabool and Victoria Terrace office and coal yard, and a lease was taken to reclaim the foreshore between Moorabool and Yarra St (Threlfall, nd:12). Associated with the Bay steamer trade and development of the Bay Steamer Trade. The business was still located on this site in the 1920s (F81). Informants and other information: Threlfall, .Karen, ?? Historical Background. In Point Henry Project: A landscape and environmental development strategy for the Point Henry area, Geelong, Victoria. F81, Thacker, H., c 1920s, Plan of Portion of Southern Foreshore, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners (Geelong Heritage Centre) G311, McKenzie, A.C. , 1912, Office for Howard Smith and Co Ltd, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners (Geelong Heritage Centre) G387, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1898, Soundings Taken Around Railway Wharf, Moorabool St Wharf, Yarra St Wharf, and Small Craft Jetty No 13 (Geelong Heritage Centre) Map Showing Location of Site:


Owner /Occupier:


Owners Name: CoGG Contact Name: Postal Address: Steampacket Gardens


H7721- 0186 Site Name: McIlwraith and McEachran and Company Coal Yard and Offices Site Type: Commercial, Maritime Photograph of Site:


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Coal Yard and offices Key Components of Site: Subterranean archaeological deposits (probably predominantly coal, but other associated relics). Possible structural remains of buildings (possibly timber stumps). Condition: Fair Present Use: Steampacket Gardens reserve Threats: Statement of Significance: One of three steamship company offices in area. Significant links to Bay steamer trade. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 3/5/2004 Interpretation of Site: Former remnants of the site may exist below ground, including former building foundations. The grassed area of the gardens appears undisturbed. History of Site: Shown in maps F81 and G387 in the 1890s and 1920s. Informants and other information: Threlfall, .Karen, nd, Historical Background. In: Bodsworth, Brian, c 1993, Point Henry Project: A landscape and environmental development strategy for the Point Henry area, Geelong, Victoria. Geelong, :Deakin University, c1993. F81, Thacker, H., c 1920s, Plan of Portion of Southern Foreshore, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners (Geelong Heritage Centre) G387, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1898, Soundings Taken Around Railway Wharf, Moorabool St Wharf, Yarra St Wharf, and Small Craft Jetty No 13 (Geelong Heritage Centre)



Owner /Occupier: Owners Name: CoGG Contact Name: Postal Address: Steampacket Gardens


D7721-0187 Site Name: M’Glashhan’s Boatbuilders Site Type: Industry, Maritime

Location AMG (AGD 1966): 268565 5773915 Map Name and Number: Sorrento 7721 Cadastral Location County: Parish: Local Government Area:

Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Unknown, not inspected Key Components of Site: Possible remains of boatsheds and boatbuilding hard. Condition: Unknown Present Use: Statement of Significance: This is one of many boatbuilders located around central Geelong, and is part of the local boatbuilding landscape. Local heritage significance. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 3/5/2004 Interpretation of Site: The site is currently occupied by multi storied buildings. Archaeological relics associated with this facility may exist below ground on site,. Structural remains are unlikely and are dependent on the extent of excavation for these buildings, but could include remnants of any former hard or other floor foundations. History of Site: The paddles steamer Barwon was built by M’Glashan, boatbuilder, in his yard in Market Place off Little Ryrie St. The vessel, the Barwon, was 38 ft long and 12ft beam, and was planned to take passengers around Corio Bay and to the Pt Henry tea gardens (Threlfall, nd :3). The exact date of occupation is currently unknown. Informants and other information: Threlfall, Karen, nd, Historical Background. In: Bodsworth, Brian, c 1993, Point Henry Project: A landscape and environmental development strategy for the Point Henry area, Geelong, Victoria. Geelong: Deakin University, c1993.






H7721-0188 Site Name: Clement Blunts Boatbuilders Site Type: Industrial, Maritime

Location AMG (AGD 1966): Unknown Map Name: and Number: Geelong 7721 Cadastral Location County: Parish: Local Government Area:

Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Boatbuilding workshop Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological deposits associated with boatbuilding activities (discard and lost items). Possible structural remains of boatbuilding hard and/or workshop Statement of Significance: One of the first boatbuilding firms in Geelong Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: Interpretation of Site: Unknown History of Site: Clement Blunt established a boatbuilding firm in Geelong around 1858, which was located in Corio St. The exact location of this boat yard was not identified. Blunt moved to Melbourne to establish another business there in 1860, but returned to Geelong to later establish another boat building yard at Eastern Beach (Champ 1989: 77). Informants and other information: Champ, Jack, 1989, The Wind is Free. A History of the Royal Geelong Yacht Club 1859-1988, Geelong: Royal Geelong Yacht Club


H7721-0181 Site Name: Steam Packet Wharf or Jetty/ Steam Boat Pier or Jetty/ New Pier Site Type: Civic, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Steampacket Jetty in 1858 (G134, Geelong Heritage Centre)

Probable remnants of the former Steampacket Jetty


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: pier piles and mooring chains Key Components of Site: Archaeological deposits associated with pier use (discard and lost items). Probable structural remains under land reclamation. Extensive artefact scatters associated both with use of the pier and rubbish dumping from the town. Eight pier piles, and ten ringbolts and chains are evident above water along the central Geelong Seawall. Condition: Good Present Use: Steampacket Gardens, Corio Bay Statement of Significance: Second Wharf built in Geelong. Pivotal to development of port of Geelong. State level significance Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 3/5/2004


Interpretation of Site: Extensive artefact concentrations associated both with use of the jetty and rubbish dumping from the town are likely to exist under land reclamation and were also inspected by Duncan in 2002. Piles and iron ring bolts and chains at the foot of the Central Geelong Seawall are probably remnants of the former pier structure. History of Site: The second wharf built in Geelong, was situated opposite Macks Hotel. The jetty/pier was built in 1847 (Loney, 1981:134), and was shown in an 1848 plan with a cross pier extending midway on its eastern side (G41, G89). The structure is labelled “New Pier” in these plans, but is shown in subsequent plans as “Steam packet Jetty” (G111, G134, G285: 1856-58), “Steamboat Jetty” (PRO RFCL 1640). The pier was originally used almost exclusively for the passenger steamers, as the Queens Wharf facility was inadequate, and a narrow cross wharf connected to the Yarra Pier for the convenience of Bay Steamer and inter Colonial passengers. It was abandoned and dismantled in 1875 (Brownhill, 1990: 45; Loney, 1981:60). Informants and other information: Brownhill, Walter, Randolph, 1990, The History of Geelong and Corio Bay, with postscript 1955-1990, Geelong: Geelong Advertiser Loney, J., 1981, Ships in Corio Bay, Geelong, 1840-1980, Newtown: Neptune Press. Plans: G41, c. 1850, North Geelong (Geelong Heritage Centre). G89, Hoddle, 1850, Plan of Section No. XXXVIII. XXXIX & XL, Township of Geelong, (Geelong Heritage Centre). G111, 1856, Map of Geelong, DeGruchey and Leigh (Geelong Heritage Centre). G134 Public Lands Office, 1858, Town of Geelong (Geelong Heritage Centre). G 285, Thomas, 1864, Town of Geelong (Geelong Heritage Centre). Coastal Survey Series (CS) 29, Henry, 1864, Corio Bay or Inner Geelong Harbour (State Library of Victoria). PRO RFCL 1640, Geelong, County of Grant, 1880 (Public Records Office). Map Showing Location of Site:


D7721-0190 Site Name: Yarra St Warping Dolphin Site Type: Civic, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Yarra St Warping Dolphin now located at the Geelong Maritime Museum


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Warping dolphin, triangular timber structure Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological deposits associated with dolphin use (discard and lost items). Possible structural remains of piles on seabed. Condition: Unknown – not inspected but likely fair Present Use: Corio Bay Threats: Statement of Significance: Only example of warping dolphin encountered so far in state. Essential navigational structure, and part of the harbour facility landscape for Geelong. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 20/6/2004 Interpretation of Site: The upper structure of the dolphin is now situated at the Geelong Maritime Museum, which was donated by the Port of Geelong Authority. The original site is likely to still contain the cut off piles of the structure still in the seabed, and possible other relics associated with the use of this dolphin. History of Site: The warping dolphin was used extensively by sailing ships to warp out of the harbour when onshore winds made it difficult to leave the Yarra Pier under sail alone. A mooring cable was looped around the dolphin and the ship was physically hauled away from the dock to give sailing room clearance (Geelong Maritime Museum Display). The structure was shown in an 1898 plan (G387)


between Yarra and Moorabool Piers, but was likely to have been extant much earlier than that time. Informants and other information: Geelong Maritime Museum Display G387, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1898, Soundings Taken Around Railway Wharf, Moorabool St Wharf, Yarra St Wharf, and Small Craft Jetty No 13 (Geelong Heritage Centre) Map Showing Location of Site:



H7721-0191 Site Name: Steampacket Jetty to Yarra Jetty Wharf Site Type: Listings: Photograph of Site:

Steampacket Jetty to Yarra Jetty Wharf Walkway (G80, Geelong Heritage Centre)

The Steampacket to Yarra Jetties Wharf being removed around 1878. Note the dilapidated Steampacket Jetty at left, and Yarra St Pier to right, with Customs Shed in foreground (Loney, 1981: 32).



Cadastral Location County: Parish: Local Government Area:

Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Wharf/ gangway Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological deposits associated with wharf use (discard and lost items). Probable structural remains eg piles etc. Condition: Good Present Use: Steampacket Gardens Reserve Statement of Significance: Significant component of the Bay excursion trade and tourism landscape. Local heritage significance Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 21/6/2004 Interpretation of Site: Remains of the site probably exist under the land reclamation in Steampacket Gardens. History of Site: The Yarra Wharf section was built in 1851, and a narrow cross wharf connected to the Steampacket Wharf for the convenience of Bay Steamer passengers (Brownhill, 1990: 45, 284). The structure was shown as late as 1864 (G285, but appears to have been removed by 1880 (PRO RFCL 1640). Informants and other information: Brownhill, Walter, Randolph, 1990, The History of Geelong and Corio Bay, with postscript 1955-1990, Geelong: Geelong Advertiser. Loney, J., 1981, Ships in Corio Bay, Geelong, 1840-1980, Newtown: Neptune Press. G80, Taylor, I. H., 1854, Map of Geelong City from a Survey by I.H. Taylor, Surveyor (Geelong Heritage Centre). G 285, Thomas, 1864, Town of Geelong (Geelong Heritage Centre). PRO RFCL 1640, Geelong, County of Grant, 1880 (Public Records Office). Map Showing Location of Site:


H7721-0181 Site Name: Electric Supply Company Jetty – position approx Site Type: Civic, Maritime,


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Pier – not inspected. Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological deposits associated with pier use (discard and lost items). Probable structural remains underwater and possibly under landfill. Condition: Poor Present Use: Foreshore Reserve Statement of Significance: Used in conjunction with the Electricity Supply Company – probably for coal deliveries. Associated with the electricity supply industry. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Interpretation of Site: The pier is mentioned in the Geelong Advertiser (14/11/1932) in conjunction with a near drowning when a lad fell through holes in the decking. It appears the pier was in a poor state of repair at that stage and may have been demolished soon afterwards. History of Site: The pier is mentioned in the Geelong Advertiser (14/11/1932) in conjunction with a near drowning when a lad fell through holes in the decking. It appears the pier was in a poor state of repair at that stage and may have been demolished soon afterwards. Informants and other information: Geelong Advertiser (14/11/1932) Map Showing Location of

Site:


D7721-0193 Site Name: Customs Shed/ Harbour Masters Office #2 Site Type: Civic, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Customs Shed in 1866, with Steampacket Jetty and walkway to right (In: Hawthorne and Reid, 1989:10)

1920s Plan showing Harbour Masters Office site (F81, Geelong Heritage Centre)



Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Customs Sheds/ Harbour Masters Office Key Components of Site: Possible footings of former buildings and archaeological relics associated with former site use. Condition: Fair Present Use: Sheraton Hotel Geelong Threats: Statement of Significance: One of many former harbour master office sites in the region, and a significant facility associated with the development of Geelong Harbour. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 20/6/2004 Interpretation of Site: Possible footings of former buildings and archaeological deposits associated with former site use, but most archaeological evidence has probably been removed with subsequent building construction for the Sheraton Hotel. History of Site: This feature was shown as part of a Customs reserve in c. 1854 (G80). By 1893 it was shown as Customs Sheds (Downes 1893), but was listed as a Harbour Masters Office in the 1920s (F81). Informants and other information: Hawthorne, Ian, and Reid, John, 1988, Geelong & District. A Sepia Album of Historic Photographs, 1838-1988, Bacchus Marsh: Joval Commercial Publications. Plans: G80, c. 1854, Geelong County of Grant (Geelong Heritage Centre). F81, Thacker, H., c 1920s, Plan of Portion of Southern Foreshore, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners (Geelong Heritage Centre). Downes, R.H.E.(Surveyor), 1893, Wharfage Accommodation. In Port of Geelong, Victoria, Australia. Memoir Issued on the Occasion of the Opening of the New Ship Channel in Corio Bay By His Excellency The Governor of Victoria, The Right Hon, Earl of Hopetoun K.C.M.G., 1893. Map Showing Location of Site:


H7721-0193 Site Name: Western Timber Company Yard Site Type: Commercial, Maritime Listings: Photograph of Site:

Western Timber Company Yard in 1937 (G389, Geelong Heritage Centre)

Site of Western Timber Company Yards


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Timber Yard. Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological deposits associated with yard use (discard and lost items). Probable structural remains of storage buildings. Condition: Fair Present Use: Steampacket Gardens Reserve Statement of Significance: This was the only timber yard known to exist in this area. Local significance as a building materials supplier. Possible links to shipping repair trade. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 20/6/2004 Interpretation of Site: Structural and archaeological remains may still exist under the grass of the Steampacket Reserve. History of Site: This feature was shown on this site in 1937 (G389). Further historical research is required for this site. Informants and other information:


G 389, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1938-40, Plan of Southern Foreshore West of Cunningham Pier Map Showing Location of Site:



H7721-0181 Site Name: Public Works Slipway/ Geelong Harbour Trust Store Yard/Stevedoring Company/ Yarra Pier Goods Shed (La Parisian Restaurant) Site Type: Commercial, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Public Works Slipway in 1898 (G387, Geelong Heritage Centre)

Western Timber Company Yard in 1937 (G389, Geelong Heritage Centre)


La Parisian Restaurant, former Yarra Pier Goods Shed


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Slipway, Harbour Trust Depot Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological relics associated with yard use (discard and lost items). Probable structural remains of any slipway structure, piles etc under landfill and possibly underwater/the seabed. Condition: Good Present Use: Steampacket Gardens Reserve Statement of Significance: Only Public Works slipway known in the central Geelong area. One of a string of GHT depots around the bay, and therefore significant part of Geelong Harbour Trust Landscape Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 20/6/2004 Interpretation of Site: Structural and archaeological remains may still exist under the grass of the reserve and the La Parisian Restaurant. Probable slipway structure remains under the land reclamation. History of Site: A Public Works slipway was shown in this area prior to the installation of the reclamation seawall in 1898 (G387). A Geelong Harbour Trust Store yard was shown here in 1937 (G389). The La Parisian Restaurant building was once the former goods shed from the end of the Yarra Pier, which was moved to this location when the pier was demolished (Craddock, Gordon, pers comms) Informants and other information: Rob Craddock, (pers comms), Geelong Historical Society Capt Chris Gordon, (pers comms) Ex Geelong Harbour Trust, National Trust


G387, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1898, Soundings Taken Around Railway Wharf, Moorabool St Wharf, Yarra St Wharf, and Small Craft Jetty No 13 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G 389, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1938-40, Plan of Southern Foreshore West of Cunningham Pier (Geelong Heritage Centre). Map Showing Location of Site:



H7721-0195 Site Name: Yarra St Jetty/Wharf/ Pier Site Type: Civic, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Figure ??: Yarra St Pier and Fisherman’s Jetty in 1894 (In Henry, 1944, 11)

Yarra Jetty (right with rail) and new Fishermans Harbour Breakwater and Pier (left)

Yarra Jetty walls extremity (with rails) and modern Yarra Pier (right)


Eastern Edge of Yarra Jetty inside Fisherman’s Harbour. Note the timber pile against wall on right probably from original Fishermans Jetty (G387), and Fishermans Harbour Pier.

Location AMG AGD 1966: 269025 2774764 Map Name: and Number: Geelong 7721 Cadastral Location County: Parish: Local Government Area:

Description of Site Brief Description of Site: jetty, pier Key Components of Site: Extant stone jetty, and timber pier piles offshore Condition: Excellent Present Use: Access to modern Yarra Pier Statement of Significance: One of the first major jetties and piers in Geelong. High significance at local regional and state levels for its association with the wool and wheat trades, the excursion steamer trade, the gold rush and immigration in general. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 3/5/2004 Interpretation of Site: The second built section of the Jetty structure is still extant, and is constructed of dressed square sided bluestone blocks. The original jetty probably is extant under the present car park at the northern end of Yarra St. Piles from the pier structure are evident above water at the northern end of the jetty section Multiple piles still remain offshore, as the old piles were not removed when being replaced, but new piles were driven alongside them (Elstone, pers comms). History of Site: A small jetty was shown at this site as early as 1848 (G12). It had been extended to its current length by 1858 (G134). A short pier section had been added in 1851 (G80), and a narrow cross wharf connected to the Steampacket Jetty for the convenience of Bay Steamer passengers. By 1854, the stonework and earthen interior was crumbling into the bay (Brownhill, 1990: 45, 284). The pier was


extended to its full length by the 1920s (F81), after several alterations including the addition of a number of landings and goods sheds. A side pier was added by 1880, the Fishermans Jetty or Arm (PRO RFCL 1684, Downes 1893), and this formed the basis of a fishing boat harbour. The Yarra St Pier was extensively used for international wool exports during the period following the gold rush. Many clippers ships docked here to load wool for English markets (Henry, 1944:11). Craig Elstone, who was contracted to remove the pier piles in the late 1980s, said that although he was told there would be an estimated 1000 piles to remove in total, he gave up when he reached 1500 piles, and that was just over halfway out on the pier’s length from the shore. Anderson, Mills and Elstone (pers comms) have all described “ a forest of piles” left in the area. Informants and other information: Brownhill, Walter, Randolph, 1990, The History of Geelong and Corio Bay, with postscript 1955-1990, Geelong: Geelong Advertiser Henry, John A., 1944, Do you remember? Early Geelong, Volume 1, Geelong: Solomons Pty Ltd Plans: Downes, R.H.E. (Surveyor), 1893, Wharfage Accommodation. In Port of Geelong, Victoria, Australia. Memoir Issued on the Occasion of the Opening of the New Ship Channel in Corio Bay By His Excellency The Governor of Victoria, The Right Hon, Earl of Hopetoun K.C.M.G., 1893 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G12, Urquhart, 1848, Plans of Allotments of North Geelong, County of Grant (Geelong Heritage Centre). G80, Taylor, I. H., 1854, Map of Geelong City from a Survey by I.H. Taylor, Surveyor (Geelong Heritage Centre). G134 Public Lands Office, 1858, Town of Geelong (Geelong Heritage Centre). G387, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1898, Soundings Taken Around Railway Wharf, Moorabool St Wharf, Yarra St Wharf, and Small Craft Jetty No 13 (Geelong Heritage Centre). PRO RFCL 1640, Geelong, County of Grant, 1880 (Victorian Public Records Office) Personal Communications: Craig Elstone, 2002, Commercial Diver, Geelong Jim Anderson, 2002, MAAV Member Lyall Mills, 2002, MAAV Member






D7721-0196 Site Name: Fishermans Harbour, Fishermans Jetty or Arm/ Fishermans Harbour Pier/ Yarra Pier (modern) Site Type: Civic, Industry, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Fishermans Pier from the north west

Modern Yarra Pier and Fishermans Harbour Pier from Yarra Jetty

Fishing Jetty pier pile


Fishermans Harbour Pier and Landing

Fisherman’s Boat Harbour Seawall

Fishermans Harbour Breakwater



Cadastral Location County: Parish: Local Government Area:

Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Harbour, jetty, piers, landing, seawall Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological deposits associated with jetty/pier/harbour use (discard and lost items). Probable structural remains underwater of Fishermans Jetty, possibly from Fisherman Jetty on eastern side of Yarra Jetty extremity. Condition: Good Present Use: Fisherman’s harbour Statement of Significance: Ongoing continuous use as a fishing harbour since at least 1880. Local social heritage significance to fishing community, and for use as a recreational promenade for many years. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 20/6/2004

Yarra Pier (1), Fishermans Jetty Pile (2), Fishermans Harbour and Landing (3), Walkways (4), Seawall (5), Modern Breakwater (6), Eastern Jetty (7), Eastern Pier (8)

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Interpretation of Site: The harbour is former by the original Yarra Jetty on the west side, the original Eastern Jetty on the east side, a bluestone seawall on the south side, and a modern bluestone boulder breakwater and timber pier (Yarra Pier modern) and breakwater arm the Northern extremity. A modern walkway and landing pier have been installed to the south of the former Fishermans Jetty. There is evidence of this former structure against the northern western extremity of the Yarra Jetty, in the form of a timber pile capped with concrete, suggesting the former pier once had a concrete deck. Large archaeological deposits from generational uses of fishermen of the facility are to be expected. History of Site: A Fishermans Jetty was first shown here projecting from the eastern side of Yarra Jetty in 1880 (PRO RFCL 1640). It was known as “Fishermans Arm” in 1893 (Downes) and “Fishermans Jetty” in 1893 (G387). This jetty (which was probably a small timber pier) once stretched from the western side three quarters of the way across the harbour, as there was only one harbour arm until at least 1974 (G145). The site has been a fishermen’s boat harbour since at least 1893 (Downes), after which time the eastern breakwater was added. The seawall was installed sometime after 1927 (G 278). Informants and other information: Plans: Downes, R.H.E.(Surveyor), 1893, Wharfage Accommodation. In Port of Geelong, Victoria, Australia. Memoir Issued on the Occasion of the Opening of the New Ship Channel in Corio Bay By His Excellency The Governor of Victoria, The Right Hon, Earl of Hopetoun K.C.M.G., 1893 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G145, Geelong City Council, 1974, City of Geelong (Geelong Heritage Centre). G 278, GHTC, 1927, Part of City of Geelong, Parish of Corio, County of Paywitt (Geelong Heritage Centre). G387, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1898, Soundings Taken Around Railway Wharf, Moorabool St Wharf, Yarra St Wharf, and Small Craft Jetty No 13 (Geelong Heritage Centre). PRO RFCL 1640, Geelong, County of Grant, 1880 (Victorian Public Records Office). Map Showing Location of Site:





H7721-0197 Site Name: Corio Bay Rowing Club Site Type: Recreational, Civic, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Corio Bay Rowing Club Clubrooms on the Eastern Beach foreshore prior to their removal to the Barwon River (In Henry, 1945:16)

Location AMG, AGD 1966: 269027 5774590 Map Name: and Number: Geelong 7721 Cadastral Location County: Parish: Local Government Area:

Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Boathouse, rowing club, pier, boatyard Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological relics associated with shed use (discard and lost items). Probable structural remains of foundation piles. Condition: Good Present Use: Fishermans Harbour Foreshore reserve Statement of Significance: One of the earliest rowing clubs in Geelong, and only one of two clubs to survive. The site itself probably has strong social value for the club members and the rowing community. The former clubhouse is a unique example of an early surviving rowing club facility, and as such is of state level significance. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 3/5/2004 Interpretation of Site: Archaeological remains of the former boathouse slipway and pier may remain under the current land reclamation and on/ under the seabed of the Fishermans Harbour, along with associated relics. History of Site: The Corio Bay Rowing Club was one of many rowing clubs established in Geelong, but one of the only two early successful clubs (many others were insolvent after just 6 months). The boathouse was built in 1879, and stood 50 yards east of the Yarra St Pier. However, around 1921the club decided to physically

Chapter 5.6: Maritime Infrastructure Heritage Project Geelong: Eastern Beach to Limeburners Point

Eastern Beach to Limeburners Point West



H7721-0198 Site Name: Queens Wharf/ Queen Annes Wharf/ Stony Jetty/ Eastern Jetty/ Customs Wharf or Jetty/ Eastern Pier Site Type: Civic, Maritime Listings: Photograph of Site:

Queens Jetty (right) in 1867 (In Loney: 1981: 27)

Stony Jetty and original pier piles

Details of layers of Stony Jetty

Eastern Pier (Modern)

Location AMG AGD 1966: 269074 5774622



Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Jetty, pier Key Components of Site: Bluestone jetty (extant), pier piles, Probable archaeological relics associated with pier use (discard and lost items) Condition: Excellent Present Use: Eastern Pier Statement of Significance: State Level Significance. First wharf/jetty built in Geelong. Links to Customs service and Customs landscapes. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 3/5/2004 Interpretation of Site: The jetty is substantially extant and intact, with evidence that the original jetty structure has been added to within the current structure. Pier piles at the northern extremity of the jetty probably originate from the former pier structure and may be from the period as a Customs Jetty. Archaeological material is highly likely to be found under the adjacent landfill, and underwater in front of the jetty. The current Eastern Pier appears to be of modern origins, but may have incorporated fabric from the previous structure, especially near its extremity. History of Site: When built in 1840, this structure was originally known as “The Jetty”. It was built to service the smaller vessels that had started arriving at the port. It was the first jetty in Geelong, and before it was built, vessels were forced to lighter passengers and cargo ashore in smaller boats. Convicts took 18 months to build the structure, which was described by a local journalist “ a peninsula of mud in a dirty puddle” (Loney, 1981: 134, 57). In 1841, the barque Socrates was the first large vessel to cross the Geelong Bar to the inner harbour and anchored off “the jetty”. The first section was built by convict labour in 1840. When completed in 1842, it was known as Queens Wharf or Queen Anne’s Wharf, and by 1843 had proved to be inadequate for the port’s shipping needs (Loney, 1981: 58; Phillips, 1959: 2). The Eastern or Stoney Jetty was built in 1844 primarily for use as a customs wharf (Phillips, 1959:2). It was extended in 1846 to 112ft, and again in 1849 to 300ft (Loney, 1981: 58). By 1854, the jetty then referred to as the Customs House Wharf or Jetty, had a gravelled surface that proved hazardous to landing cargo, and was inadequate for local shipping needs (Brownhill, 1990: 44-45, 284). The jetty is also shown in that year with what appears to be the beginning of a pier structure at the end of the jetty (G80). It was labelled Queens Jetty in 1856 (G111), and Customs Jetty in 1880 (PRO RFCL 1640), Customs Wharf in 1893 when landing have been added, (Downes, 1893), Small Craft Jetty in 1898 (G387), Eastern Pier in 1920s (F81). Informants and other information: Brownhill, Walter, Randolph, 1990, The History of Geelong and Corio Bay, with postscript 1955-1990, Geelong: Geelong Advertiser Loney, J., 1981, Ships in Corio Bay, Geelong, 1840-1980, Newtown: Neptune Press. Downes, R.H.E.(Surveyor), 1893, Wharfage Accommodation. In: Port of Geelong, Victoria, Australia. Memoir Issued on the Occasion of the Opening of the New Ship


Channel in Corio Bay By His Excellency The Governor of Victoria, The Right Hon, Earl of Hopetoun K.C.M.G., 1893 (Geelong Heritage Centre). F81, Thacker, H., c 1920s, Plan of Portion of Southern Foreshore, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners (Geelong Heritage Centre). G80, Taylor, I. H., 1854, Map of Geelong City from a Survey by I.H. Taylor, Surveyor (Geelong Heritage Centre). G111, 1856, Map of Geelong, DeGruchey and Leigh (Geelong Heritage Centre). G387, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1898, Soundings Taken Around Railway Wharf, Moorabool St Wharf, Yarra St Wharf, and Small Craft Jetty No 13 (Geelong Heritage Centre). PRO RFCL 1640, 1880, Geelong, County of Grant (Public Records Office). Map Showing Location of Site:



H7721-0203 Site Name: Eastern Beach Tide Gauge Site Type: Civic, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Downes 1893 Plan showing Fisherman’s Jetty (1), Fishermen’s Boat Harbour (2), Rowing Club (3), Customs Pier (4), Tide Gauge (5), Boat Shed (6), Harbour Boat Shed (7), Yacht Club Shed (8), Yacht Moorings (9)

Location AMG AGD 1966: 269056 5774602 Map Name: and Number: 7721: Geelong

Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Standard Tide Gauge Key Components of Site: Tide gauge – unknown specifications Condition: Unknown Present Use: Royal Geelong Yacht Club Threats: Yacht Club Renovations

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Statement of Significance: Only known tide gauge to exist in this area. Essential service for safe navigation of Corio Bay. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 3/5/2004 Interpretation of Site: The site may lie under the extensive land reclamation that has been undertaken in this area. Further investigation is required to determine the construction details and specifications of the facility History of Site: Shown in Downes 1893 plan and again in 1898 (G387). Not shown again after this date. Informants and other information: Plans: Downes, R.H.E.(Surveyor), 1893, Wharfage Accommodation. In Port of Geelong, Victoria, Australia. Memoir Issued on the Occasion of the Opening of the New Ship Channel in Corio Bay By His Excellency The Governor of Victoria, The Right Hon, Earl of Hopetoun K.C.M.G., 1893 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G387, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1898, Soundings Taken Around Railway Wharf, Moorabool St Wharf, Yarra St Wharf, and Small Craft Jetty No 13 (Geelong Heritage Centre). Map Showing Location of Site:



H7721-0203 Site Name: Harbour Boat Shed/ Customs Boat Shed, Geelong Harbour Trust Slipway and Boat Shed/ Royal Geelong Yacht Club Site Type: Civic, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Geelong Harbour Trust Slipway in 1937 (G389 Geelong Heritage Centre)

From left, Yacht Club Shed #1, Harbour Trust Workshops and Corio Bay Rowing Club in 1880 (In Loney, 1981: 161)


Royal Geelong Yacht Club refrigeration unit supported on the former GHT Slipway Cross Bracing Planks, with leeway timber visible below light (upper left corner)

Cross brace plank and upright support pile of GHT Slipway under Royal Geelong Yacht Club



Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Harbour Trust/ Customs Boat Shed, Slipway Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological relics associated with pier use (discard and lost items). Structural remains of former Harbour Trust Slipway. Condition: Excellent Present Use: Royal Geelong Yacht Club Foundations Threats: Yacht Club Renovations Statement of Significance: Unique example of an intact timber Harbour Trust slipway. Possible state level significance. Important component of the Geelong Harbour Trust/ Customs landscape, and harbour landscape in general. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 3/5/2004 Interpretation of Site: The earlier boat shed sites are likely to have been buried under landfill used for reclamation. The slipway is still extant and it has been used for the foundations for the yacht club. The slipway is almost totally intact for at least half its former length at the shoreward end, with the leeway, pile supports, cross members/ braces and secondary pile supports still standing under the current clubhouse. The slip stands about 1.5m high and is accessed through the refrigeration storeroom. The piles are about 0.5m square, and are spaced about 5m apart in sets of three piles, and the bracing planks stand almost 75cm high. History of Site: Three sheds were shown in this area as early as 1854 (G80), and may have been associated with either the Harbour Master or Customs Service, or one of the early rowing club sheds. The site was shown as the Harbour Boat Shed in 1880 (PRO RFCL 1640) and 1893 (Downes, 1893), and as the Customs Boat Shed in 1897 (G288). A slipway was added to the site by 1898 (G387), and the site was again referred to as the Harbour Trust Boat Shed in the 1920s (F81). A substantial slipway had been added by 1937 for the Geelong Harbour Trust, which extended past the extremity of Eastern Pier (G389). The site was later taken over by the Royal Geelong Yacht Club in 1959 after the GHT vacated the site (Champ, 1989:203). The foundations for the new yacht club rooms were built upon the extant slipway in 1959, who structural piles support the base. Informants and other information: Champ, Jack, 1989, The Wind is Free. A History of the Royal Geelong Yacht Club 1859-1988, Geelong: Royal Geelong Yacht Club Plans: Downes, R.H.E.(Surveyor), 1893, Wharfage Accommodation. In Port of Geelong , Victoria, Australia. Memoir Issued on the Occasion of the Opening of the New Ship Channel in Corio Bay By His Excellency The Governor of Victoria, The Right Hon, Earl of Hopetoun K.C.M.G., 1893. (Geelong Heritage Centre). F81, Thacker, H., c 1920s, Plan of Portion of Southern Foreshore, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners (Geelong Heritage Centre).


G80, Taylor, I. H., 1854, Map of Geelong City from a Survey by I.H. Taylor, Surveyor (Geelong Heritage Centre). G 288, 1897, Street Plan of Geelong and Suburbs (Geelong Heritage Centre). G387, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1898, Soundings Taken Around Railway Wharf, Moorabool St Wharf, Yarra St Wharf, and Small Craft Jetty No 13 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G 389, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1938-40, Plan of Southern Foreshore Western Half (Geelong Heritage Centre). PRO RFCL 1640, 1880, Geelong, County of Grant, (Public Records Office). Map Showing Location of Site:

Occupier: Royal Geelong Yacht Club


H7721-0203 Site Name: Anglers Club Site Type: Recreational, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Eastern Beach in c. 1912. From left: Stony Jetty, Harbour Trust Workshops, Morgue, Geelong Yacht Club, and Yacht Moorings offshore (In: Loney 1981: 48)

Royal Geelong Yacht Club – site of the Geelong Harbour Trust Boast Shed and Slipway, and the Anglers Club


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Anglers club. Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological relics associated with club use (discard and lost items). Probable structural remains, possibly timber stumps. Condition: Fair Present Use: Royal Geelong Yacht Club Threats: Clubroom Renovations Statement of Significance: Only identified example of an anglers club on the Geelong foreshore, but others were probable somewhere along the bay.


Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 3/5/2004 Interpretation of Site: The site now lies under the Royal Geelong Yacht Club. It is not clear if the building site was excavated (and hence removed most of the archaeological deposit) when the Harbour Trust slipway was installed, and/or when the Yacht Club expanded sometime between 1927 -1937 (G347, G389). If excavation did not occur, traces of the structure and archaeological deposits may still exist under the landfill to the south of the clubrooms, in similar states of preservation to the Geelong Harbour Trust Slipway. History of Site: Three sheds were shown in this area as early as 1854 (G80), and may be associated with either the Harbour Master or Customs Service, or possibly one of the early rowing club sheds. The club is not shown on a detailed plan of the area in 1920s, so probably dates to after that time (F81). Informants and other information: Plans: F81, Thacker, H., c 1920s, Plan of Portion of Southern Foreshore, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners (Geelong Heritage Centre). G80, Taylor, I. H., 1854, Map of Geelong City from a Survey by I.H. Taylor, Surveyor (Geelong Heritage Centre). G347, 1927, City of Geelong, County of Grant, Plan L 5359 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G 389, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1938-40, Plan of Southern Foreshore Western Half (Geelong Heritage Centre). Map Showing Location of Site:


H7721-0203 Site Name: Geelong Morgue Site Type: Civic, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Geelong Morgue site in c1920s (F81 Geelong Heritage Centre)


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: morgue Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological relics associated with morgue use (discard and lost items). Possible structural remains – type unknown Condition: Fair Present Use: Royal Geelong Yacht Club Yard Threats: Slipway Renovations Statement of Significance: Only identified morgue on the Geelong waterfront. Significant landscape component of the Geelong Harbour. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 3/5/2004 Interpretation of Site: The site would now lie under the current concrete boat yard/ hard of the Royal Geelong Yacht Club. Given that the structure existed prior to the reclamation of land in this area for the Geelong Yacht Club, it is probable that foundations of the structure may still exist below the hard. History of Site: Three sheds were known in this area as early as 1854 (G80), and may be associated with either the Harbour Master or Customs Service, or may be one


of the early rowing club sheds. The morgue is shown in this area between 1912 (Loney, 1981:48) and c1920s (F81), but could have been present outside these dates. Informants and other information: Plans: F81, Thacker, H., c 1920s, Plan of Portion of Southern Foreshore, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners (Geelong Heritage Centre). G80, Taylor, I. H., 1854, Map of Geelong City from a Survey by I.H. Taylor, Surveyor (Geelong Heritage Centre). Map Showing Location of Site:



H7721-0203 Site Name: Bellarine Pier/ Royal Geelong Yacht Club Site Type: Recreation, Maritime, Civic Photograph of Site:

Bellarine Pier and Geelong Yacht Club House #1 (In Champs 1989: 104)

Second Club House built in 1928 (Champs, 1989)


Cadet Dinghy Slipway in 1955 (In Hawthorne and Reid, 1989:111)

Reclamation Wall made from rejected concrete piles from the Alcoa Pier construction

1960s slipway on site of 1930s slipway


Second Clubhouse relocated back on site for Cadet Squadron

Cadet Squadron Boatsheds

Concrete Boats Ramps from 1960s

Location AMG: 269141 5774588 (AGD 1966)



Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Yacht club Key Components of Site: Yacht club, pier, slipways, marina, moorings, hard, ramps, clubhouse Condition: Good Present Use: Royal Geelong Yacht Club Statement of Significance: The area has high social significance as one of the earliest Yacht Clubs in Geelong, and the only extant Yacht club in the area. The area has been used for mooring yachts since at least 1893, and has a long association with recreational sailing and spectator activities. The site is a significant component of the recreational landscape of Geelong. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 3/5/2004 Interpretation of Site: The site has been altered almost continuously since its inception. Remains of the 1930s seawall are still evident on the eastern side of the site, at the slipway, and have been found also during excavations of the boat hard. The original section of the Bellarine Pier is likely to still be extant under land reclamation, as are a number of the earlier slipways. History of Site: The Geelong Yacht Club was formed in 1859. Although interest in the club waned in the following years until it gave up its existence as a separate entity and became a branch of the Victorian Yacht Club (Brownhill, 1990:543, Champs, 1989: 69). By 1880, the Geelong Sailing Club was established, which later became the Geelong Yacht Club in 1881 (Champ, 1989:72). A yacht club is first shown on plans of the site in 1893 (Downes). The club has had a succession of clubhouses, the first of which was constructed by the 1890s. Yachts are known to have moored in this area as early as 1893 (Downes). The second clubhouse was built in 1928, and is still located on the grounds, though further south of its original waterfront location. Boat pens, a pier (Bellarine Pier) and a clubhouse existed on the site from the 1920s (F81). The Bellarine Pier was extended after storm damage, and an L shaped cross pier added (Champs, 1989:218) By 1937, land had been reclaimed out to the Eastern Beach seawall, burying the half of the former jetty (Bellarine Pier), which was extended and a slipway installed (G389). Further land reclamation occurred around 1966, where the boat hard was extended beyond the seawall on the eastern side of the pier, and a lawn area was provided in front of the new clubhouse. Rejected piles from the construction of the new Alcoa pier at Point Henry were used to construct the new reclamation seawall. Piles were driven vertically along the edge of the proposed reclamation, a layer of horizontal piles were laid behind them, and finally further piles were driven at an angle and tensioned back to the vertical piles. Landfill was then laid behind this structure. Two concrete ramps were added at this time to the north eastern extremity (Champs, 1989: 208-209). A pier, boat pens and breakwater were constructed at the extremity of the Bellarine St Pier when it was severely damaged by a storm 1981 (Champs, 1989: 218). Informants and other information: Brownhill, Walter, Randolph, 1990, The History of Geelong and Corio Bay, with postscript 1955-1990, Geelong: Geelong Advertiser


Champ, Jack, 1989, The Wind is Free. A History of the Royal Geelong Yacht Club 1859-1988, Geelong: Royal Geelong Yacht Club Hawthorne, Ian, and Reid, John, 1988, Geelong & District. A Sepia Album of Historic Photographs, 1838-1988, Bacchus Marsh: Joval Commercial Publications. Plans: Downes, R.H.E. (Surveyor), 1893, Wharfage Accommodation. In: Port of Geelong , Victoria, Australia. Memoir Issued on the Occasion of the Opening of the New Ship Channel in Corio Bay By His Excellency The Governor of Victoria, The Right Hon, Earl of Hopetoun K.C.M.G., 1893 (Geelong Heritage Centre). F81, Thacker, H., c 1920s, Plan of Portion of Southern Foreshore, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners (Geelong Heritage Centre). G 278, GHTC, 1927, Part of City of Geelong, Parish of Corio, County of Paywitt (Geelong Heritage Centre). G 389, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1938-40, Plan of Southern Foreshore Western Half (Geelong Heritage Centre). Map Showing Location of Site:


H1085 Site Name: Geelong Customs House #1 Site Type: Civic, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Geelong Customs House #1, now located in the Geelong Botanic Gardens

Location AMG AGD 1966: Map Name: and Number: Geelong 7721

Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Timber customs house Key Components of Site: Building structure. No archaeological context associated with the Botanic Gardens Site. Probable archaeological deposits associated with this buildings former site may occur in Transvaal Square (H7721-0204). Condition: Excellent Present Use: Tourist Attraction, Geelong Botanic Gardens Threats: Statement of Significance: This was the first Customs House and the first telegraph office in Geelong. The first message from Geelong to Melbourne was sent from this building – news about the goldfields riot in Ballarat (Brownhill, 1990: 583). Part of the customs landscape of Geelong. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 3/5/2004 Interpretation of Site: The building has been moved from its former site and hence no archaeological context is present at the Botanic Gardens site. Probable archaeological deposits associated with this buildings former site in Transvaal Square. History of Site: The first Customs House (#1) was built in 1838 (Henry, 1944:8), and was later shared by the first telegraph office was established in 1854 (Brownhill, 1990: 582). Its location as a telegraph office is shown in G80. The 10 x 10 ft building was located on the Eastern Beach foreshore, and was a portable structure that was moved between the land and piers as required. It only functioned as the telegraph headquarters for a short time, until the new Telegraph Office (#2) was built at the corner of Bellarine and McKillop St in 1854. The building is shown in 1854 located


in south of Customs House #2 (G80) in Transvaal Square. In 1889, the dilapidated building was removed from its storage in the Gaol enclosure into Eastern Park (Botanic Gardens) where it still stands (Brownhill, 1990: 582). Informants and other information: Brownhill, Walter, Randolph, 1990, The History of Geelong and Corio Bay, with postscript 1955-1990, Geelong: Geelong Advertiser Henry, John A., 1944, Do you Remember? Early Geelong, Volume 1, Geelong: Solomons Pty Ltd Plans: G80, c. 1854, Geelong County of Grant (Geelong Heritage Centre) Map Showing Location of Site:


H7721-0204 Site Name: Geelong Customs House #2 & Reserve (Transvaal Square)/ Customs House #1 & Telegraph Station #1/ Harbour Masters Office #1 / Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust Pumping Station Site Type: Customs House, Telegraph Station, Harbour Masters Office, Sewerage/ Waterworks Pumping Station Photograph of Site:

Figure ??: The Customs House #2 in Transvaal Square in 1845 (In Henry, 1944, 11)

Transvaal Square Customs House #2 (1) Telegraph Station #1 and Eastern Jetty (3) (2) (G80, Geelong Heritage Centre).

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Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust Pumping Station in Transvaal Square


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Customs reserve and houses, telegraph station, harbour masters office Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological relics associated with formers uses (discard and lost items). Probable subsurface structural remains. Condition: Good Present Use: Transvaal Square Statement of Significance: Site of the earliest Harbour Masters Office, first and second Customs Offices and probable first Telegraph Station. Essential components of the Geelong Harbour development. Probable state level significance, high local and regional significance. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 21/6/2004 Interpretation of Site: The site is now covered by grassland of the Transvaal Square Reserve, and there is a high probability of archaeological structural remains and artefacts under the grass. History of Site: The first Customs House (#1) was built in 1838 (Henry, 1944:8), and was later shared by the first telegraph office was established in 1854 (Brownhill, 1990: 582). Its location as a telegraph office is shown in G80. The 10 x 10 ft building was located on the Eastern Beach foreshore, and was a portable structure that was moved between the land and piers as required. It only functioned as the telegraph headquarters for a short time, until the new Telegraph Office (#2) was built at the corner of Bellarine and McKillop St in 1854. The former building is shown in 1854 located south of Customs House #2 (G80) in Transvaal Square. In 1889, the


dilapidated building was removed from its storage in the Gaol enclosure into Eastern Park (Botanic Gardens) where it still stands (Brownhill, 1990: 582). Customs House (#2) was built in 1845 on the site of the current Transvaal Square Park, and is shown as a Customs reserve in1848 (G16). By 1854, the entire area north of Corio Terrace and bounded by Moorabool St, the area directly south of Eastern Jetty, and the foreshore was shown as a reserve, with Customs reserves at each extremity (G80). A new Customs House (#3) was built in 1856 on the corner of Corio Terrace and Moorabool S, and by 1858, the western area of what is now known as Transvaal Square was shown as Storage Lots (G134), and the Customs Reserve was then shown on Corio Terrace south of the area between Moorabool Jetty and Steampacket Jetty (G134). The former Customs House #1 (which was then operating as the Telegraph Station #1, is shown in 1854 located directly south of the second customs house until the telegraph Station was relocated to the SE corner of McKillop and Bellarine St, Telegraph Station #2(G80). The former Transvaal Square customs building and site was later used as the Harbour Master’s Office (#1) from at least 1880 - 1893 (PRO RFCL 1640: 1880; Downes, 1893), before the office was relocated in the 1920s (F81) to the SW corner of Eastern Beach Road and Bellarine St (Harbour Masters Office #2). The buildings were demolished early in the twentieth century (Henry, 1944:8). A small pumping station house built in 1916 by the Geelong Harbour and Sewerage Trust also stands on the northern central edge of the Park on Eastern Beach Road. Informants and other information: Henry, John A., 1944, Do you remember? Early Geelong, Volume 1, Geelong: Solomons Pty Ltd Downes, R.H.E.(Surveyor), 1893, Wharfage Accommodation. In Port of Geelong , Victoria, Australia. Memoir Issued on the Occasion of the Opening of the New Ship Channel in Corio Bay By His Excellency The Governor of Victoria, The Right Hon, Earl of Hopetoun K.C.M.G., 1893. Plans: G16, Hoddle, c. 1848, Some blocks on Lot 37 Now Marked as Sold (Geelong Heritage Centre). G80, c. 1854, Geelong County of Grant (Geelong Heritage Centre). G134 Public Lands Office, 1858, Town of Geelong (Geelong Heritage Centre). F81, Thacker, H., c 1920s, Plan of Portion of Southern Foreshore, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners (Geelong Heritage Centre). PRO RFCL 1640, Geelong, County of Grant, 1880 (Public Records Office).




D7721-0205 Site Name: Eastern Beach Seawall #1 Site Type: Civic, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Eastern Beach Seawall in 1937 (G278, Geelong Heritage Centre)

Eastern Beach Seawall from Royal Geelong Yacht Club Ramps


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: seawall Key Components of Site: Extant bluestone seawall buried beneath current boat hard and visible on eastern end of Royal Geelong Yacht Club Site Condition: Excellent


Present Use: Royal Geelong Yacht Club Threats: RGYC Slipway and Hard excavations. Statement of Significance: Significant landscape component that led to the redevelopment of the Royal Geelong Yacht Club grounds after reclamation. Probable social significance as a promenade. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 3/5/2004 Interpretation of Site: The seawall is extant under the boat hard and the grassed area in front of the new club rooms. It is also exposed at the eastern extremity of the Yacht club grounds and runs to the western end of the Eastern Beach Car park. History of Site: Built sometime between 1927 and 1937 (G347, G278). The western and central sections of the seawall were buried under land reclamation in 1966 during land reclamation by the Royal Geelong Yacht Club (Champs, 1989: 208-209). Informants and other information: Plans: G 278, GHTC, 1927, Part of City of Geelong, Parish of Corio, County of Paywitt (G278, Geelong Heritage Centre). G347, 1927, City of Geelong, County of Grant, Plan L 5359 (G278, Geelong Heritage Centre). Map Showing Location of Site:

Occupier: Royal Geelong Yacht Club/


D7721-0206 Site Name: Hospital Drain/ Bellarine Drain Site Type: Civic, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Bellarine Main Drain in 1906 (In: Hawthorne and Reid, 1989:82)

Hospital Drain Outlet behind the Victorian Sailing and Water Safety School



Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Drain outlet supported by timber piles over the water Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological relics associated with use of the outlet for fishing (discard and lost items). Probable structural remains of former pipe bed and pier under land reclamation, and possibly on/under the seabed. Condition: Good Present Use: Sail and Water Safety School and Car Park Statement of Significance: One of many main drain outlets for Geelong. Probable recreational significance as a former fishing location. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 3/5/2004 Interpretation of Site: This feature was a main drain outlet for the city. Remnants of the former piles which supported the outlet may still be evident under landfill on the site of the Sailing and Water Safety School premises Western boundary. The outlet was probably a popular fishing spot, and hence archaeological evidence of those activities may also be evident onsite. A concrete outlet from this drain is still evident in the Eastern Beach Seawall. History of Site: The drain dates to at least 1906, and was buried by 1937 when land reclamation was undertaken in the area (G389). Informants and other information: Plans: F81, Thacker, H., c 1920s, Plan of Portion of Southern Foreshore, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners (Geelong Heritage Centre). G 389, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1938-40, Plan of Southern Foreshore Western Half (Geelong Heritage Centre). Map Showing Location of Site:

Directions for Relocation of Site: Melways Ref Occupier: Victorian Sailing and Water Safety School


H7721-0207 Site Name: Beach Battery/ Norris Boatbuilder Site Type: Military, Industry, Maritime Listings: Photograph of Site:

Beach Battery shown in 1864 plan (CS29, State Library of Victoria)

Norris’s Boat Building Yards, Piers and Slipways at Eastern Beach. From left: Norris, Tait and Blunts Boat Builders (F81, Geelong Heritage Centre).



Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Battery and boatyard Key Components of Site: Possible archaeological relics associated with battery use, and boat yard (discard and lost items). Probable structural remains eg earthworks, platform piles from Battery. Possible nearby magazine structure. Condition: Fair Statement of Significance: This was the only identified battery ever stationed in Geelong, and was a significant component of the defence network and landscape of Port Phillip Bay. Norris was one of three private boat builders in this area. Part of the boatbuilding landscape of the Geelong Foreshore. The site lies within the boundaries of the Eastern Beach Baths Precinct, and should be added to the listing for that area (H0929). Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 3/5/2004 Interpretation of Site: The site probably lies under land reclamation at the northern end of Bellarine St, which is currently used as a car park on the western end of Ritchie Parade History of Site: Beach Battery: With England at war in the Crimea, a petition was received by Mayor Bailie from residents, to address concerns that a hostile ship could easily hold Geelong to ransom. A public meeting was held in 1854, and resolved that a Rifle Corps should be raised to protect the town. Later that year a Rifle Corps Committee and a Rifle Club were formed, the latter object being to provide a similar service until a Corps were approved by the government. The first rifle practice meeting was held in May, on the ground east of the Botanical Gardens, and attracted 40 volunteers to Geelong’s first rifle club. The government approved the formation of the Geelong Rifle Corps shortly afterwards, and by 1855, members of the new service had been sworn in and were drilling through the streets. The service used a room in Southey’s Hotel in Yarra St to meet. As the Allied war campaign in the Crimea proved victorious, the ranks of the Corps swelled (Brownhill, 1990: 634-6). Further attempts were made to increase the defence forces from 1858-61. A volunteer Highland Regiment was proposed (and discounted), a Corps Rifle Club was formed, and a Cavalry regiment was suggested. By 1860, the first muster of the Cavalry volunteers was held at the Corio Cricket Ground, and became known as the Geelong Mounted Rifles and later as the Geelong Troop of Prince of Wales, Victorian Volunteer Light Horse (Brownhill, 1990: 636). By 1860 there were 169 members of the Geelong Rifle Corps (unmounted). By 1861, calls were made for an Artillery Regiment to be formed, and the next year the Rifle Corps had been transformed into the Royal Victorian Volunteer Artillery. The Corps were granted land for a parade ground east of the Presbyterian Church on Fenwick St between Little Mallop and Ryrie St, and a new drill hall was built in 1863. An Easter encampment at Geelong took place that year, and 1400 volunteers were housed on the eastern and western sides of the Botanic Gardens (Brownhill, 1990: 638, 641).


Platforms were constructed for the mounting of two 32 pound guns at the end of Eastern Beach (northern end of Bellarine St), to be used for gunnery practice at targets moored or drifting in the bay. The Beach Battery construction in 1863 was superintended by Major W.H. Snee, and was seen as an important contribution to the defence of Geelong (Brownhill, 1990: 639). The site is possibly shown in Henry’s 1864 plan of Corio Bay (CS 29). A 68 pound gun was added in 1871. The battery was originally poorly mounted on an exposed beach, but were later moved further east near the Botanic Gardens with trees and a fence to screen them. Although 68 pound gun was used sporadically until the mid 1870s to fire at a target 1600 yards away, the battery slowly became dilapidated and was disused. The guns were eventually removed to Western Beach (Cannon Park), The Botanic Gardens and in Kardinia Park (Brownhill, 1990: 639). Norris Boatbuilder: The foreshore area from Bellarine St to Swanston St was reserved for dockyard use in 1854 (G80), and was listed as Boat Building Yards in 1893 (Downes). Norris’ Boat Yard is shown with two buildings, a slipway and a boat jetty by the 1920s (F81). All the boatyards had disappeared from this area by the late 1920s (G 347), probably as part of foreshore beautification works, and by 1937 the site had been covered by foreshore land reclamation (G389). Informants and other information: Brownhill, Walter, Randolph, 1990, The History of Geelong and Corio Bay, with postscript 1955-1990, Geelong: Geelong Advertiser Plans: Coastal Survey Series (CS) 29, Henry, 1864, Corio Bay or Inner Geelong Harbour (State Library of Victoria Map Collection). Downes, R.H.E. (Surveyor), 1893, Wharfage Accommodation. In: Port of Geelong , Victoria, Australia. Memoir Issued on the Occasion of the Opening of the New Ship Channel in Corio Bay By His Excellency The Governor of Victoria, The Right Hon, Earl of Hopetoun K.C.M.G., 1893 (Geelong Heritage Centre). F81, Thacker, H., c 1920s, Plan of Portion of Southern Foreshore, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners (Geelong Heritage Centre). G80, Taylor, I. H., 1854, Map of Geelong City from a Survey by I.H. Taylor, Surveyor (Geelong Heritage Centre). G347, 1927, City of Geelong, County of Grant, Plan L 5359 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G 389, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1938-40, Plan of Southern Foreshore Western Half (Geelong Heritage Centre).




D7721-0208 Site Name: Eastern Beach Groyne #1 Site Type: Civic, Recreation, Maritime Listings: Photograph of Site:

Eastern Beach Seawall #1


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Groyne – rough cut bluestone Key Components of Site: Structural remains of groyne, including what appears to be a timber groyne around which the stone groyne has been formed Condition: Excellent Present Use: Groyne Statement of Significance: Although the stone feature is relatively modern in origin, the underlying timber structure is probably archaeological in nature, and it plays an essential role in protecting and maintaining adequate sand coverage on the beach. As such, it is of State level social significance as part of a continuous bathing and entertainment landscape since at least 1854 in this area, due to links to Bay Trade and Melbourne, and Western Districts tourist trade. The site lies within the boundaries of the Eastern Beach Baths Precinct, and should be added to the listing for that area (H0929). Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 3/5/2004 Interpretation of Site: The groyne appears to date to after 1937 (G389), and is probably associated with the ongoing beautification of the Eastern Beach foreshore area. It has to postdate the Bathing complexes, as the groynes would have sanded up the area, leaving the baths with inadequate water depth for swimming. In conjunction with Eastern Beach Groyne #2, this groyne acts to protect and supply the beach with adequate sand cover. History of Site: Unknown.


Informants and other information: Plans: G387, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1898, Soundings Taken Around Railway Wharf, Moorabool St Wharf, Yarra St Wharf, and Small Craft Jetty No 13 (Geelong Heritage Centre) Map Showing Location of Site:


H7721-0209 Site Name: Taits Boatbuilders Site Type: Industry, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Tait’s Boat Building Yards, Piers and Slipways at Eastern Beach in the 1920s (F81, Geelong Heritage Centre).

From Left. Tait and Blunts Boatbuilders (In Henry, 1944, 46)


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Boat building yard


Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological relics associated with boatyard use (discard and lost items). Probable structural remains of pier piles, slipway and building foundations. Condition: Good Present Use: Eastern Beach Car Park Statement of Significance:Tait was one of three private boat builders located in this area. Part of the boatbuilding landscape of the Geelong Foreshore. The site lies within the boundaries of the Eastern Beach Baths Precinct, and should be added to the listing for that area (H0929). Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 3/5/2004 Interpretation of Site: The site probably lies under land reclamation at the northern end of Bellarine St, which is currently used as a car park on the western end of Ritchie Parade History of Site: The foreshore area from Bellarine St to Swanston St was reserved for dockyard use in 1854 (G80), and was listed as Boat Building Yards in 1893 (Downes). Tait’s Boat Yard is shown with three buildings, a slipway and a boat jetty by the 1920s (F81). All the boatyards had disappeared from this area by the late 1920s (G 347), probably as part of foreshore beautification works, and by 1937 the site had been covered by foreshore land reclamation (G389). Informants and other information: Brownhill, Walter, Randolph, 1990, The History of Geelong and Corio Bay, with postscript 1955-1990, Geelong: Geelong Advertiser Henry, John A., 1945, Do you remember? Early Geelong, Volume 2, Geelong: Solomons Pty Ltd Coastal Survey Series (CS) 29, Henry, 1864, Corio Bay or Inner Geelong Harbour (State Library of Victoria Map Collection) Downes, R.H.E. (Surveyor), 1893, Wharfage Accommodation. In: Port of Geelong , Victoria, Australia. Memoir Issued on the Occasion of the Opening of the New Ship Channel in Corio Bay By His Excellency The Governor of Victoria, The Right Hon, Earl of Hopetoun K.C.M.G., 1893 (Geelong Heritage Centre) F81, Thacker, H., c 1920s, Plan of Portion of Southern Foreshore, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners (Geelong Heritage Centre). G80, Taylor, I. H., 1854, Map of Geelong City from a Survey by I.H. Taylor, Surveyor (Geelong Heritage Centre). G347, 1927, City of Geelong, County of Grant, Plan L 5359 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G 389, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1938-40, Plan of Southern Foreshore Western Half (Geelong Heritage Centre)




D7721-0210 Site Name: Unidentified Structures (1864) Site Type: unknown Photograph of Site:

Unknown structures shown in 1864 plan (CS29, State Library of Victoria)


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Structures – type and purpose unknown Key Components of Site: Possible archaeological deposits associated with pier use (discard and lost items). Possible structural remains. Condition: Fair Present Use: Eastern Beach Car Park Statement of Significance: Unknown. However these are the earliest known structures in this area. The site lies within the boundaries of the Eastern Beach Baths Precinct, and should be added to the listing for that area (H0929). Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 3/5/2004


Interpretation of Site: The function of the structures is unknown. It is possible that these structures may be associated with early bathing activities, and might possibly be a rotunda and dressing rooms based on their size and shape as shown in an historic plan. History of Site: Circular and rectangular structures are shown on the foreshore at this location in an 1864 plan. The function of these structures is unknown, and further research is required for this site. (CS 29) Informants and other information: Coastal Survey Series (CS) 29, Henry, 1864, Corio Bay or Inner Geelong Harbour Map Showing Location of Site:


H7721-0211 Site Name: Blunts (Clement) Boatbuilders Site Type: Industry, Maritime Listings: Photograph of Site:

Blunts Boatbuilders Sheds c. 1890 (In Billot, 1969)


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Boatbuilders yard, shed, slipway and pier. Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological relics associated with boatyard use (discard and lost items). Probable structural remains of pier piles, slipway and building foundations. Condition: Fair Present Use: Eastern Beach car park Statement of Significance: Blunt was one of three private boat builders in this area, and had strong associations with the early development of the Geelong Yacht Club and the Corio Bay Rowing Club, to whom he supplied many small craft. Part of the boatbuilding landscape of the Geelong Foreshore. Ties to the Blunt boatbuilding family of Melbourne. The site lies within the boundaries of the Eastern Beach Baths Precinct, and should be added to the listing for that area (H0929). Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 3/5/2004


Interpretation of Site: The site probably lies under land reclamation towards the northern end of Bellarine St and east of the eastern extremity of the Eastern Beach Seawall, which is currently used as a car park on the western end of Ritchie Parade. History of Site: The foreshore area from Bellarine St to Swanston St was reserved for dockyard use from at least 1854 (G80), and was listed as Boat Building Yards in 1893 (Downes). Blunt’s Boat Yard is shown with six buildings, a slipway and a boat jetty by the 1920s (F81). All the boatyards had disappeared from this area by the late 1920s (G 347), probably as part of foreshore beautification works, and by 1937 the site had been covered by foreshore land reclamation (G389). Clement Blunt moved to this site at eastern Beach before 1870 from Port Melbourne. He had previously operated sites on the south bank of the Yarra River east of Princes Bridge, and before that in Corio Terrace Geelong. He had a house and boatbuilding yards on his premises, and built many yachts, yawls and boats here (Champ, 1989:77, 78). Informants and other information: Brownhill, Walter, Randolph, 1990, The History of Geelong and Corio Bay, with postscript 1955-1990, Geelong: Geelong Advertiser Champ, Jack, 1989, The Wind is Free. A History of the Royal Geelong Yacht Club 1859-1988, Geelong: Royal Geelong Yacht Club Henry, John A., 1945, Do you remember? Early Geelong, Volume 2, Geelong: Solomons Pty Ltd Plans: Coastal Survey Series (CS) 29, Henry, 1864, Corio Bay or Inner Geelong Harbour (State Library of Victoria Map Collection). Downes, R.H.E. (Surveyor), 1893, Wharfage Accommodation. In: Port of Geelong , Victoria, Australia. Memoir Issued on the Occasion of the Opening of the New Ship Channel in Corio Bay By His Excellency The Governor of Victoria, The Right Hon, Earl of Hopetoun K.C.M.G., 1893 (Geelong Heritage Centre). F81, Thacker, H., c 1920s, Plan of Portion of Southern Foreshore, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners (Geelong Heritage Centre). G80, Taylor, I. H., 1854, Map of Geelong City from a Survey by I.H. Taylor, Surveyor (Geelong Heritage Centre). G347, 1927, City of Geelong, County of Grant, Plan L 5359 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G 389, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1938-40, Plan of Southern Foreshore Western Half (Geelong Heritage Centre).




H7721- 0212 Site Name: Joy Ark Site Type: Recreation, Maritime Photograph of Site:

From Right. The Joy Ark, Blunts and Tait Boatbuilders, the Yarra St Pier buildings in 1912 (In Hawthorne and Reid: 120)


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Entertainment complex Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological relics associated with hall use (discard and lost items). Probable structural remains both above and below water. Condition: Good Present Use: Eastern Beach Car Park Statement of Significance: Significant social value as a former entertainment complex. Only dance hall identified that was set over water. State level social significance as part of a continuous bathing and entertainment landscape since at least 1854 in this area, due to links to Bay Trade and Melbourne, and Western Districts tourist trade. The site lies within the boundaries of the Eastern Beach Baths Precinct, and should be added to the listing for that area (H0929). Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 3/5/2004 Interpretation of Site: The site is now location under the Eastern Beach Car Park and up to 50m offshore. Given a groyne is located nearby to encourage sand accretion, archaeological deposits are likely both offshore and under land reclamation. History of Site: The Joy Ark was built in 1912 as Picture Theatre that extended out over the water. By the 1920s it had become a roller skating rink, dance hall and


concert hall. When it was removed in 1926, its framework was used to build the Palais Royal Theatre in Moorabool Street, which is now used as a bingo hall (Hawthorne and Reid, 1989:120; Henry, 1944: 46). Informants and other information: Hawthorne, Ian, and Reid, John, 1988, Geelong & District. A Sepia Album of Historic Photographs, 1838-1988, Bacchus Marsh: Joval Commercial Publications. Henry, John A., 1944, Do you remember? Early Geelong, Volume 1, Geelong: Solomons Pty Ltd. Map Showing Location of Site:


H7721-0213 Site Name: Andersons Bathing House Site Type: Civic, Recreation, Maritime Listings: Photograph of Site:

Andersons Baths, and Geelong Sea Bathing Company Gents and Ladies Baths 1880 (PRO RFCL 1640, Public Records Office)


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: baths, Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological relics associated with pier use (discard and lost items). Probable structural remains of former baths. Condition: Good Present Use: Eastern Beach Car Park Statement of Significance: This is one of many bathing establishments built in this area, and forms part of the continuous recreational landscape of the area. Significant component of the recreational landscape of the Eastern Beach, and Corio Bay foreshore. State level social significance as part of a continuous bathing and entertainment landscape since at least 1854 in this area, due to links to Bay Trade and Melbourne, and Western Districts tourist trade. The site lies within the boundaries of


the Eastern Beach Baths Precinct, and should be added to the listing for that area (H0929). Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 3/5/2004 Interpretation of Site: The site would be situated under the Eastern Beach Car Park and under the seabed offshore. History of Site: J.M. Andersons Bathing House Site is shown in this locality in 1880 and 1881 (PRO RFCL 1640, G121), last appears on plans in 1927 (G347). Informants and other information: Plans: G121, Hooke, 1881 Town of Geelong, parish of Corio, County of Grant, Lands and Survey Department Plan L6066 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G347, 1927, City of Geelong, County of Grant, Plan L 5359 (Geelong Heritage Centre). PRO RFCL 1640, 1880, Geelong, County of Grant (Public Records Office). Map Showing Location of Site:


H7721-0214 Site Name: Eastern Beach Pilots Quarters Site Type: Civic, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Pilots Reserve and Cottage in 1854, and Geelong Sea Bathing Company Gents Baths (G80, Geelong Heritage Centre)

Location AMG (AGD 1966): 269385 5774305 Map Name: and Number: Geelong 7721 Brief Description of Site: Pilots houses and reserve. Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological relics associated with pilots use (discard and lost items). Probable structural remains of former buildings Condition: Unknown – needs further investigation Present Use: Private housing Statement of Significance: These are the only pilots quarters identified. Pilots played a pivotal role in the opening of the port, especially before the bar was dredged, and hence these quarters are significant components of the maritime landscape of early Geelong. Pilots were later stationed out of Williamstown. The site lies within


the boundaries of the Eastern Beach Baths Precinct, and should be added to the listing for that area (H0929). Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 3/5/2004 Interpretation of Site: Further investigation is needed to determine the origin of the current houses, but archaeological could be expected of previous uses of the site, including the pilots era. History of Site: A Pilots Reserve existed at the western corner of the block bounded by Swanston, Mallop and Alexander Streets in 1854, and several cottages had already been built then (G80). By 1858 (G134), the area is marked as Pilots Quarters, but after 1864 (G 285) no further mention of pilots appeared on any plan, probably meaning the quarters were now privately owned by the individual pilots themselves, or had been sold off to private interests. Informants and other information: Plans: G80, Taylor, I. H., 1854, Map of Geelong City from a Survey by I.H. Taylor, Surveyor (Geelong Heritage Centre). G134 Public Lands Office, 1858, Town of Geelong (Geelong Heritage Centre). G 285, Thomas, 1864, Town of Geelong (Geelong Heritage Centre). Map Showing Location of Site:


H7721-0215 Site Name: Geelong Government Immigration Depot Site Type: Civic, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Immigration Depot in 1958 (G80, Geelong Heritage Centre)


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Immigration depot (not inspected). Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological relics associated with Immigration Depot use (discard and lost items). Probable structural remains of building below ground Condition: Unknown – needs further investigation Present Use: Unknown – needs further investigation Statement of Significance: This was the only Immigration Depot identified. Immigration depots were essential services for new arrivals, providing accommodation, meals and often acting as employment agencies. Therefore the site played a central role in the landscapes of newly arrived immigrants. Immigration greatly assisted the development of the state, and hence is of high significance to the development of Geelong. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 3/5/2004 Interpretation of Site: Further investigation is needed to determine the origin of the current houses, but archaeological could be expected of previous uses of the site, including the Immigration Depot era.


History of Site: A Government Depot for Immigration is shown at the block bounded by Swanston, Little Mallop, Fitzroy and Ryrie Streets in 1854, and several cottages had already been built then (G80). By 1858 (G134), the area is marked as Immigration Depot, but after 1864 (G 285) no further mention of the depot appeared on any plan, and it appears that the land has been subdivided and sold. Informants and other information: Plans: G80, Taylor, I. H., 1854, Map of Geelong City from a Survey by I.H. Taylor, Surveyor (Geelong Heritage Centre). G111, 1856, Map of Geelong, DeGruchey and Leigh(Geelong Heritage Centre). G134 Public Lands Office, 1858, Town of Geelong (Geelong Heritage Centre). G 285, Thomas, 1864, Town of Geelong (Geelong Heritage Centre). Map Showing Location of Site:


H7721-0216 Site Name: Corio Bay Bathing Establishment/Sea Bathing Company/ Geelong Sea Bathing Company - Gents Baths & Hot Sea Baths / Geelong Public Bathing House Site Type: Civic, Recreation, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Sea Bathing Company in 1850 (G119, Geelong Heritage Centre)

Aerial Photo from c1950s showing what appears to the remains of the Geelong Sea Bathing Company Gents Baths (Geelong Heritage Centre)



Description of Site Brief Description of Site: baths Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological relics associated with baths use (discard and lost items). Probable structural remains of baths - piles etc Condition: Good Present Use: Eastern Beach Car Park and Corio Bay Statement of Significance: First Bathing establishment at Eastern Beach. Significant component of the recreational landscape of the Eastern Beach, and Corio Bay foreshore. State level social significance as part of a continuous bathing landscape since at least 1854 in this area, due to links to Bay Trade and Melbourne, and Western Districts tourist trade. The site lies within the boundaries of the Eastern Beach Baths Precinct, and should be added to the listing for that area (H0929). Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 3/5/2004 Interpretation of Site: Shorewards components of the baths probably lie under the eastern sector of the Eastern Beach Car Park, with the majority of potential archaeological deposits up to 200m offshore. There is evidence from historic photos that substantial remains of the former bath fence structure and walkway piles may still exist under the sand. Substantial archaeological deposits in the form of discarded or lost artefacts are probable. History of Site: Bay bathing was always a popular pastime in Corio Bay. Initial dressing sheds were built by private interests at both Western and Eastern Beaches, but access to the beaches was often hindered by the cliffs circling the bay, and the heavily timbered regions around Yarra St and Western Beach. Many of the trees were removed in 1842, opening the way for bathing facilities along the foreshore. As early as 1844, the potential of the Corio Bay foreshore as a bathing facility was recognised by early visitors, who complained of the lack of suitable bathing facilities in the area. Within days, the Corio Bathing Establishment announced it was ready for public patronage. The facility provided bathing in 4ft of water, with 10 dressing rooms, which offered patrons seasonal tickets or ad hoc admission. It was not the first bathing house in the Bay, but was the best at its time. There was an unwritten rule that the Western Beach was reserved for gents bathing and the eastern beach for ladies to preserve their modesty. Often, however, some gentlemen did not observe these codes of conduct, and “respectable females were frightened away from their salt water bath”. These transgressions were mostly blamed on visitors, who were not aware of these arrangements (Brownhill, 1990: 627). Madam McGrath resolved the problem when she opened the Ladies Bathing House at Eastern Beach, which was fitted with a large tent over the water to ensure their privacy (Brownhill, 1990: 628). The Geelong Public Bathing House at Western Beach was run by Richard Parker in the 1840s, (an ironmonger in Corio Terrace) before it was destroyed by a storm (Brownhill, 1990: 627). This facility may also have been known as Jackson and Rays Bathing House (Billot, 1969). By 1853, a public meeting was called to form the Geelong Sea Bathing Company. Public subscriptions were issued at £5 each, and the company assured that the


Government would issue permissive occupancy of a section of foreshore, subject to the building plans being approved. Works commenced at Eastern each in 1853, and the baths were opened in 1854. Bathing hours were segregated by sex, with ladies allocated the period from 10am – 4pm, and gents the remaining hours, and were superintended by Mr and Mrs Pywell. Pressure from other competitor forced the company to consider another bath for exclusive ladies’ use in 1855 (Brownhill, 1990: 628). Other bathing facilities called the Town Baths had been established in Ryrie St near Yarra St in 1855, and were run by Archibald Syme. The facility offered hot or cold, fresh or salt water baths or showers every day of the week, with two days a week reserved for ladies (Brownhill, 1990: 628-9). In late 1855, a subscription was raised to establish the Western Beach Sea Bathing Company. The baths were designed by architects Backhouse and Reynolds, and work began at the Gulley (Griffins Gulley?) in 1856. A year later, another complex was planned further east for exclusive gents use, and the original baths were designated for Ladies only bathing (Brownhill, 1990: 629). In 1870, after initial opposition from the two original bathing companies (Western Beach and Sea Bathing Companies), Henry Fitzgerald built and opened the Victoria Baths at the end of Cavendish St (near the current Western Beach Boat Club Compound) (Brownhill, 1990: 629, 640). As competition increased, another baths complex was opened by the Geelong Sea Bathing Company in 1872, who also undertook alterations to their Ladies Baths facility (Brownhill, 1990: 629). In retaliation the two bathing companies at Western Beach combined their services in 1873, and the Victoria Baths were allocated for gents bathing, the Western Beach Gents Baths were allocated for ladies, and the former ladies baths were demolished (Brownhill, 1990: 629).Swimming clubs were formed at both ends of town, producing many champions (Brownhill, 1990: 629). The first Hot Sea Baths were introduced by the Geelong Sea Bathing Company at Eastern Beach in 1885, but failed as there was insufficient gas to heat the water. The problem was fixed within a month, the baths were being touted as cures for rheumatism, gout and aches and pains (Brownhill, 1990: 630). The Baths were described as being large swimming baths for both sexes, along with hot salt water baths for the treatment of rheumatism (Brownhill, 1990:91). In 1880, another sea baths, Andersons Sea Bathing Company, were established to the west of the Geelong Sea Bathing Company Gents Baths (Pro RFCL 1640). In 1925, two bathing houses were still located on the hilly grassed shores of Eastern Beach. However by 1924, moves were afoot to convert the precinct into the bathing complex and parkland seen there today, with the enclosed Swimming Pool. Sometime after 1927, the baths were removed and the current Eastern Beach Baths were constructed (G347). By the mid 1940s, over £140000 had been spent beautifying the area (Henry, 1944: 44) Informants and other information: Brownhill, Walter, Randolph, 1990, The History of Geelong and Corio Bay, with postscript 1955-1990, Geelong: Geelong Advertiser


Henry, John A., 1944, Do you remember? Early Geelong, Volume 1, Geelong: Solomons Pty Ltd Plans: Coastal Survey Series (CS) 29, Henry, 1864, Corio Bay or Inner Geelong Harbour (Sate Library of Victoria Map Collection). F81, Thacker, H., c 1920s, Plan of Portion of Southern Foreshore, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners (Geelong Heritage Centre). G119, c. 1853, Eastern Extension (Numerous allotments bounded by Garden St and Victoria Terrace East (Geelong Heritage Centre). G134 Public Lands Office, 1858, Town of Geelong (Geelong Heritage Centre). G 278, GHTC, 1927, Part of City of Geelong, Parish of Corio, County of Paywitt (Geelong Heritage Centre). G347, 1927, City of Geelong, County of Grant, Plan L 5359 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G387, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1914, Truck for Rippleside and Portarlington Wharf (Geelong Heritage Centre). G389, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1938-40, Plan of Southern Foreshore Western Half (Geelong Heritage Centre). PRO RFCL 1640, 1880, Geelong, County of Grant (Public Records Office). Map Showing Location of Site:


D7721-0217 Site Name: Eastern Beach Groyne #2 Site Type: Civic, Recreation, Maritime


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Groyne – rough cut bluestone Key Components of Site: Structural remains of what appears to be a timber groyne are evident under the stone groyne, which appears to have been formed around the former. Condition: Excellent Present Use: Groyne Threats: Statement of Significance: Although the outer feature is relatively modern in origin, it plays an essential role in protecting and maintaining adequate sand coverage on the beach. As such, it is of State level social significance as part of a continuous bathing and entertainment landscape since at least 1854 in this area, due to links to Bay Trade and Melbourne, and Western Districts tourist trade. The site lies within the boundaries of the Eastern Beach Baths Precinct, and should be added to the listing for that area (H0929). Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 3/5/2004 Interpretation of Site: The groyne appears to date to after 1937 (G389), and is probably associated with the ongoing beautification of the Eastern Beach foreshore area. It has to postdate the Bathing complexes, as the groynes would have sanded up the area, leaving the baths with inadequate water depth for swimming. In conjunction with Eastern Beach Groyne #1, this groyne acts to protect and supply the beach with adequate sand cover. History of Site: Unknown. The groyne appears to date to after 1937 (G389), and is probably associated with the ongoing beautification of the Eastern Beach foreshore area. Informants and other information: G387, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1898, Soundings Taken Around Railway Wharf, Moorabool St Wharf, Yarra St Wharf, and Small Craft Jetty No 13 (Geelong Heritage Centre).




H7721-0218 Site Name: Geelong Sea Bathing Company Ladies Baths Site Type: Civic, Recreation, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Geelong Sea Bathing Company Gents and Ladies Baths (F81, Geelong Heritage Centre)

Eastern Beach Baths, 1925. (In Henry, 1944, 44)


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: baths Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological relics associated with baths use (discard and lost items). Probable structural remains.


Condition: Good Present Use: Eastern Beach Car Park and Corio Bay Statement of Significance: Second Bathing establishment at Eastern Beach. Significant component of the recreational landscape of the Eastern Beach, and Corio Bay foreshore. State level social significance as part of a continuous bathing landscape since at least 1854 in this area, due to links to Bay Trade and Melbourne, and Western Districts tourist trade. The site lies within the boundaries of the Eastern Beach Baths Precinct, and should be added to the listing for that area (H0929). Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 3/5/2004 Interpretation of Site: Shorewards components of the baths probably lie under the eastern sector of the Eastern Beach Car Park, with the majority of potential archaeological deposits up to 200m offshore. There is evidence from historic photos that substantial remains of the former bath fence structure and walkway piles may still exist under the sand. Substantial archaeological deposits in the form of discarded or lost artefacts are probable. History of Site: Bay bathing was always a popular pastime in Corio Bay. Initial dressing sheds were built by private interests at both Western and Eastern Beaches, but access to the beaches was often hindered by the cliffs circling the bay, and the heavily timbered regions around Yarra St and Western Beach. Many of the trees were removed in 1842, opening the way for bathing facilities along the foreshore. As early as 1844, the potential of the Corio Bay foreshore as a bathing facility was recognised by early visitors, who complained of the lack of suitable bathing facilities in the area. Within days, the Corio Bathing Establishment announced it was ready for public patronage. The facility provided bathing in 4ft of water, with 10 dressing rooms, which offered patrons seasonal tickets or ad hoc admission. It was not the first bathing house in the Bay, but was the best at its time. There was an unwritten rule that the Western Beach was reserved for gents bathing and the eastern beach for ladies to preserve their modesty. Often, however, some gentlemen did not observe these codes of conduct, and “respectable females were frightened away from their salt water bath”. These transgressions were mostly blamed on visitors, who were not aware of these arrangements (Brownhill, 1990: 627). Madam McGrath resolved the problem when she opened the Ladies Bathing House at Eastern Beach, which was fitted with a large tent over the water to ensure their privacy (Brownhill, 1990: 628). The Geelong Public Bathing House at Western Beach was run by Richard Parker in the 1840s, (an ironmonger in Corio Terrace) before it was destroyed by a storm (Brownhill, 1990: 627). This facility may also have been known as Jackson and Rays Bathing House (Billot, 1969). By 1853, a public meeting was called to form the Geelong Sea Bathing Company. Public subscriptions were issued at £5 each, and the company assured that the Government would issue permissive occupancy of a section of foreshore, subject to the building plans being approved. Works commenced at Eastern each in 1853, and the baths were opened in 1854. Bathing hours were segregated by sex, with ladies allocated the period from 10am – 4pm, and gents the remaining hours, and were superintended by Mr and Mrs Pywell. Pressure from other competitor forced the company to consider another bath for exclusive ladies’ use in 1855 (Brownhill, 1990: 628).


Other bathing facilities called the Town Baths had been established in Ryrie St near Yarra St in 1855, and were run by Archibald Syme. The facility offered hot or cold, fresh or salt water baths or showers every day of the week, with two days a week reserved for ladies (Brownhill, 1990: 628-9). In late 1855, a subscription was raised to establish the Western Beach Sea Bathing Company. The baths were designed by architects Backhouse and Reynolds, and work began at the Gulley (Griffins Gulley?) in 1856. A year later, another complex was planned further east for exclusive gents use, and the original baths were designated for Ladies only bathing (Brownhill, 1990: 629). In 1870, after initial opposition from the two original bathing companies (Western Beach and Sea Bathing Companies), Henry Fitzgerald built and opened the Victoria Baths at the end of Cavendish St (near the current Western Beach Boat Club Compound) (Brownhill, 1990: 629, 640). As competition increased, another baths complex was opened by the Geelong Sea Bathing Company in 1872, who also undertook alterations to their Ladies Baths facility (Brownhill, 1990: 629). In retaliation the two bathing companies at Western Beach combined their services in 1873, and the Victoria Baths were allocated for gents bathing, the Western Beach Gents Baths were allocated for ladies, and the former ladies baths were demolished (Brownhill, 1990: 629).Swimming clubs were formed at both ends of town, producing many champions (Brownhill, 1990: 629). The first Hot Sea Baths were introduced by the Geelong Sea Bathing Company at Eastern Beach in 1885, but failed as there was insufficient gas to heat the water. The problem was fixed within a month, the baths were being touted as cures for rheumatism, gout and aches and pains (Brownhill, 1990: 630). The Baths were described as being large swimming baths for both sexes, along with hot salt water baths for the treatment of rheumatism (Brownhill, 1990:91). In 1880, another sea baths, Andersons Sea Bathing Company, were established to the west of the Geelong Sea Bathing Company Gents Baths (Pro RFCL 1640). In 1925, two bathing houses were still located on the hilly grassed shores of Eastern Beach. However by 1924, moves were afoot to convert the precinct into the bathing complex and parkland seen there today, with the enclosed Swimming Pool. Sometime after 1927, the baths were removed and the current Eastern Beach Baths were constructed (G347). By the mid 1940s, over £140000 had been spent beautifying the area (Henry, 1944: 44) Informants and other information: Brownhill, Walter, Randolph, 1990, The History of Geelong and Corio Bay, with postscript 1955-1990, Geelong: Geelong Advertiser Henry, John A., 1944, Do you remember? Early Geelong, Volume 1, Geelong: Solomons Pty Ltd Plans: Coastal Survey Series (CS) 29, Henry, 1864, Corio Bay or Inner Geelong Harbour (Sate Library of Victoria Map Collection)


F81, Thacker, H., c 1920s, Plan of Portion of Southern Foreshore, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners (Geelong Heritage Centre). G119, c. 1853, Eastern Extension (Numerous allotments bounded by Garden St and Victoria Terrace East (Geelong Heritage Centre). G134 Public Lands Office, 1858, Town of Geelong (Geelong Heritage Centre). G 278, GHTC, 1927, Part of City of Geelong, Parish of Corio, County of Paywitt (Geelong Heritage Centre). G347, 1927, City of Geelong, County of Grant, Plan L 5359 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G387, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1914, Truck for Rippleside and Portarlington Wharf (Geelong Heritage Centre). G389, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1938-40, Plan of Southern Foreshore Western Half (Geelong Heritage Centre). PRO RFCL 1640, 1880, Geelong, County of Grant (Public Records Office). Map Showing Location of Site:


H7721-0219 Site Name: Hayes Patent Stone Manufactury (formerly labelled as Artificial Stone Manufacturer) Site Type: Industrial, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Hayes Patent Stone Manufactory in 1854, and Geelong Sea Bathing Company Gents Baths (G80, Geelong Heritage Centre)

Possible quarried area of the Eastern Beach Baths area at the site of Hayes Patent Stone Manufactory


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Artificial stone Manufacturer


Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological deposits associated with stoneworks use (discard and lost items). Possible structural remains. Excavated terraces of the Eastern Beach foreshore Condition: Fair Present Use: Eastern Beach Baths Courtyard Statement of Significance: Unknown – only artificial stone manufacturing business in Geelong. The site lies within the boundaries of the Eastern Beach Baths Precinct, and should be added to the listing for that area (H0929). Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 3/5/2004 Interpretation of Site: The purpose of the manufactory is unknown, but from inspections of the site it would appear to have been a quarry supplying stone to the colony for building purposes. Brownhill reported that the provision of sandstone for building materials was a very competitive trade around the late 1840s and 1850s, which fits with the dates of the plans. The hillsides of the area appear to have been excavated to provide the flat terraces that currently are scattered around the Eastern Beach Baths area. Possible remains of the former buildings may be located under the Eastern Beach foreshore plaza. History of Site: An Artificial Stone Manufacturer is shown in the current site of the eastern side of the Eastern Beach Baths Terraces, under the Changing Rooms and Lifesaving Office, and at the south end of the Children’s Wading Pool in 1853 (G119). Hayes Patent Stone Manufactory is shown in the same location in 1854 (G80) with an associated T shaped building on the western end, and again in 1856 (G111), but was abandoned some time that date. It is possible that the site was used to manufacture an early form of concrete? Further research is required for this site. Informants and other information: Brownhill, Walter, Randolph, 1990, The History of Geelong and Corio Bay, with postscript 1955-1990, Geelong: Geelong Advertiser Henry, John A., 1944, Do you remember? Early Geelong, Volume 1, Geelong: Solomons Pty Ltd Plans: G119, c. 1853, Eastern Extension (Numerous allotments bounded by Garden St and Victoria Terrace East (Geelong Heritage Centre). G80, Taylor, I. H., 1854, Map of Geelong City from a Survey by I.H. Taylor, Surveyor (Geelong Heritage Centre). G111, 1856, Map of Geelong, DeGruchey and Leigh (Geelong Heritage Centre).




H0929 Site Name: Eastern Beach Baths Site Type: Recreational, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Eastern Beach from Hearne Parade

Eastern Beach Seawall #2 and Eastern Beach Groyne #2


Eastern Beach Top Fountain

Eastern Beach Changing Rooms and Lifesaving Office


Eastern Beach Children’s Paddling Pool

Eastern Beach Children’s Paddling Pool and Fountain


move the building to the Barwon River (Henry, 1945: 16). The building was again moved back to Corio Bay when the club decided to establish a branch club on Corio Bay at Western Beach and was later converted to the Western Beach Boat Club Clubrooms (see H7721-0166) The first regatta was held here in 1844, and included four races for rowing and sail boats of various sizes. There have been a number of rowing clubs in Corio Bay. The first, the Rowing Club, was established in 1861 at the time of the Geelong Regatta, but lasted barely six months due to lack of patronage. The Geelong Amateur Rowing Club was established in 1862, and regularly met at the Victoria Hotel until it too folded six months later. In 1864, the Barwon Boating Club was formed on the Barwon River, and held races there and at Lake Connewarre. The club members owned 14 boats, and an application was made to the Government for land to the east of the bridge to build a boathouse. The Corio Amateur Rowing Club was formed in 1865. A boat shed was built at Eastern Beach and rowing practice was undertaken in the Corio Bay. The club folded however three years later when all its assets including the boatshed were sold for £30 (Brownhill, 1990: 545). In meantime, the Geelong Rowing Club had survived and maintained a low profile, and by 1870 formed a branch at the Barwon River called the Barwon Rowing Club. The first boat race took place in that year, with the first rowing race on the Barwon River held in 1876 (Brownhill, 1990: 546). The club remains a successful entity today. Buoyed by the success of the above association, the Corio Bay Rowing Club was formed in 1873, and entered into an arrangement with C. Blunt to provide the boats and other equipment for a nominal charge per head. By 1879, land between the Yarra and Eastern Jetties was granted to the club (Geelong Advertiser, 20/8/1879). Tenders were called to build a boathouse that was designed by Joseph Watts (Geelong Advertiser, 20/8/1879), and a contract was accepted to build the boathouse for £365 (Geelong Advertiser, 2/9/1879). A 60 x 34 feet wide shed with a 20 x 16 ft dressing rooms, and a shingle roof was built by J.C. Taylor and opened in 1879 under contract to the club, with a double 47 ft long platform projecting seaward (Brownhill, 1990: 547; Geelong Advertiser, 5/9/1879). J.P. Hopkin, R. de Bruce Johnstone (MLA), and W Sommers were appointed trustees of the Corio Bay Rowing Club Boat Shed (Geelong Advertiser, 21/10/1879). The boatshed was opened in November 1879 Geelong Advertiser, 28/11/1879). Regattas were often held on the Connewarre Lakes, and drew large crowds around Easter from the surrounding districts (Brownhill, 1990: 547). The club had a yard, small pier and boat shed over the water (G387). Although the club is still shown as the leaseholders for the site in 1927, the shed and facilities are no longer shown on site (G 278). The shed was moved to the Barwon River in 1921 (Henry, 1945:16). However, the club again decided to relocate in 1932 (Phillip, 1959:42), when the club had leased land at Western Beach, near the end of Cavendish St (G389), where the clubhouse was again mounted over the water. The former clubhouse site was reclaimed in landfill by 1937 (G278). Informants and other information:

Chapter 5.7: Maritime Infrastructure Heritage Project Geelong: Limeburners Point to Point Henry

Region 7: Limeburners Point East to Point Henry



H7721-0400 Site Name: Magazine Jetty/ Limeburners Jetty Site Type: Civic, Maritime, Defence Photograph of Site:

Magazine Jetty, Limeburners Point 1864 (G164, Geelong Historical Society)

Limeburners Point Marina



Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Jetty/ pier Key Components of Site: Condition: Poor Present Use: Limeburners Point Marina Statement of Significance: First jetty in this area, originally associated with powder magazine. Component of the Harbour and Defence landscapes of Geelong. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 29/4/2004 Interpretation of Site: Weaver (pers comms) investigated the offshore regions of this area to search for any pier or jetty remains, but none were located. History of Site: Magazine Jetty was built 1856 at Limeburners Point (Brownhill, 1990: 45). The jetty was shown at this location from 1858 (G134) to 1897 (G 288). Given its size and proximity to the Limeburners Point Powder Magazine, it was probably purpose built to service that facility. It may have also been used by later limeburners (ie Cakebread and Dyers- Brownhill, 1990:403-7), but given that there is evidence of at least two limeburning roads in this region, it seems unlikely to have been used after the limeburning operation shifted to eastern beach in 1865 (Harrington, 2000:34). A longer structure was shown at the site in 1910 labeled as Limeburners Jetty (G382), which was still extant in 1935 (G325), but appears to have been removed by 1941 (C182). This later structure does not appear to have any relationship to the limeburning activities, but was named after the Point itself. The structure had been demolished by 1947 (C182). A small jetty or boat ramp and the western breakwater were constructed sometime before 1974 (G 145). Informants and other information: Brownhill, Walter, Randolph, 1990, The History of Geelong and Corio Bay, with postscript 1955-1990, Geelong: Geelong Advertiser Harrington, Jane, 2000, An Archaeological and Historical Overview of Limeburning in Victoria, Melbourne: Heritage Council Victoria Plans: C182, Country Roads Board, 1947, Aerial Photomap, 1008-13, 16-17, Geelong 857, B1-4, D1-4, Aerial Phot Survey of Victoria (Geelong Heritage Centre). G95, Lands Department, 1881, Town of Geelong, Parish of Corio, County Grant, Plan C/29 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G134 Public Lands Office, 1858, Town of Geelong (Geelong Heritage Centre). G121, Hooke, 1881 Town of Geelong, parish of Corio, County of Grant, Lands and Survey Department Plan L6066 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G145, Geelong City Council, 1974, City of Geelong (Geelong Heritage Centre). G 288, 1897, Street Plan of Geelong and Suburbs (Geelong Heritage Centre). G 285, Thomas, 1864, Town of Geelong (Geelong Heritage Centre).


G325, Tindale, 1935, Proposed Curve of North East End of Harbour Trust Land (Geelong Heritage Centre). G382, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1910, Plan of Portion of Foreshore, Town of Geelong, Limeburners Jetty to Bellarine St and Sea Bathing Buildings (Geelong Heritage Centre). Personal Communications: Fiona Weaver, Practical Archaeology Services, Geelong Map Showing Location of Site:


D7721-0401 Site Name: Geelong Preliminary Marble Company Site Type: Industry, Maritime Photograph of Site:

1863 Plan showing Marble Quarry at Galena Point -Limeburners Point (V141, Geelong Heritage Centre)


Possible former marble quarry area at Limeburners Point

Possible marble bearing rock and quarried area at Limeburners Point


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Quarry – likely hole in the high tide region that extends below the water table. Possible marble or quartz bearing rock, and evidence of quarried cliff face. Key Components of Site: Possible archaeological deposits associated with quarry use (discard and lost items) Condition: Poor Present Use: Foreshore Reserve Statement of Significance: Only Marble Quarry in identified in the Geelong foreshore area. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 29/4/2004 Interpretation of Site: Minimal archaeological deposits of this activity are likely to be distinguishable given the extent of quarrying for limeburning in the area. However there is evidence of an undercut rock face approx 50m from the eastern arm of the Limeburners Point Marina, which is consistent with reports of how the marble extraction operation was undertaken. Aerial photos have also shown a relatively deep water filled hole directly north of the Rifle Club entrance that may be associated with the venture. History of Site: Marble quarrying was undertaken near Limeburners Point by Robert Shanklin in 1862. The deposits were discovered either by William Clemant, or Alfred


Ronald’s some years earlier (when La Trobe was governor (c. 1840s), but was discouraged from exploiting them due to the infancy of the colony. Marble from this area had been exhibited in 1849, and although they were found to be of favourable quality, the resource was not then exploited. Shanklin had investigated the area and found a 1.5 ton block of marble in the unworked cliff face. He was granted a lease for seven years for the three acre area, and issued a prospectus in 1862 for the Geelong Preliminary Marble Company. When quarrying began that year, several tons of marble were uncovered from a trench near the shoreline, which subsequently flooded and halted further work. Tests of the extracted marble proved it to be too poor quality to be viably extracted, and the company was wound up in the same year it started (Brownhill, 1990:407-8). The site of the quarry is shown close to the lime burning quarries on the eastern side of Limeburners Point in 1863 (V141). Informants and other information: Brownhill, Walter, Randolph, 1990, The History of Geelong and Corio Bay, with postscript 1955-1990, Geelong: Geelong Advertiser V141, Geological Survey of Victoria, 1861, Gheringhap Parish (Geelong Heritage Centre). Map Showing Location of Site:


D7721-0402 Site Name: Limeburners Point Powder Magazine Site Type: Magazine Photograph of Site:

Limeburners Point Powder Magazine in 1881 (G121, Geelong Heritage Centre)

Geelong Gun Club, site of the former Limeburners Point Powder Magazine


Possible Powder Magazine Bunker under current Geelong Gun Club Shooting Shed

Aerial view of site


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: External examination of the site revealed what appear to be a number of ventilation shafts from underground bunkers. The current firing range shelter sheds appear to have been built on top of former bunkers, although a thorough inspection of the site is required to confirm this. Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological deposits associated with magazine use (discard and lost items). Probable structural remains eg bunkers and other underground storage facilities. Condition: Good Present Use: Geelong Gun Club Statement of Significance: Only powder magazine identified in the region. Essential component of the harbour and defence landscape. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 29/4/2004


Interpretation of Site: There appears to be a number of ventilation shafts rising from under the current Gun Club, which could be associated with underground bunkers. The western most range shelter shed may be built of the former remains of a bunker. History of Site: A powder magazine had been erected on the hill overlooking the bay near Limeburners Point in 1854, and was used to store gunpowder from a number of firms in the town. Kegs of powder were delivered at the Magazine Jetty and carted to the domed magazine for storage on racks behind 2.5 ft thick brick walls. The magazine was used to supply the Beach Battery with explosives during its use. The facility ceased to be used after 1898 (Brownhill, 1990: 639). Informants and other information: Brownhill, Walter, Randolph, 1990, The History of Geelong and Corio Bay, with postscript 1955-1990, Geelong: Geelong Advertiser Plans: G95, Lands Department, 1881, Town of Geelong, Parish of Corio, County Grant, Plan C/29 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G121, Hooke, 1881 Town of Geelong, parish of Corio, County of Grant, Lands and Survey Department Plan L6066 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G134 Public Lands Office, 1858, Town of Geelong (Geelong Heritage Centre). G164, Public Lands Office, 1875, Town of Geelong G 285, Thomas, 1864, Town of Geelong (Geelong Heritage Centre). Map Showing Location of Site:


H1288/ H7721-0003 Site Name: Limeburners Point Lime Kilns, Causeway and Structure Pad (Boucher Dyer and Co. Victorian Lime and Cement Company Limeburners) Site Type: Industry/ Maritime Photograph of Site: Limeburners Point East

Cutting on the beach near Limeburners Point 1868 (In Brownhill, 1990:108 from Geelong Art Gallery Collection)

Intact section of the Limeburners Point Causeway located at the end of the curved section above the high water mark (facing north)


Limeburners Point Causeway from North

Limeburners Point Structure Pad Site


Limeburners Point Structure Pad Site

Straight section of Limeburners Point Causeway leading to Lime Kilns. Note sporadic clusters of roadway materials.

Details of Limeburners Point Causeway matrix in front of western most Lime Kiln


Section of the Limeburners Point Causeway at high tide, showing its probable former height and use (Brad Duncan Collection)

Limeburners Point Lime Kiln (Brad Duncan Collection)


Limeburners Quarries 1865-1890s

Limeburners Quarry Leases in 1875 at Eastern Beach (G 164, Geelong Heritage Centre)

Location AMG (AGD 1966): Lime Kilns, Causeway and Foundations 270946 5774452 Lime Quarries Eastern Beach 270406 5774620 Map Name: and Number: Geelong 7721

Description of Site Brief Description of Site: The site has already been extensively documented by McCarthy and Varman (1982). Causeway consists of curved road extending to the edge of the reef platform near deeper water, and runs along the shoreline in front of the lime kilns themselves. Causeway consists of brick and stone rubble, which is barely discernable (though relatively intact) at the western end offshore, and intact section at the foreshore end of the curved section. Sporadic clusters of bricks and stones mark the route of the causeway along the foreshore, and the clusters are generally located in front of the


lime kilns. This suggests that either there were loading platforms at these points in which to stack and load the lime produce, or that these possibly originate from modern work to clear deposits choking the kilns. Extensive terraces remain in the location of the former Eastern Beach Quarries used the Limeburners Point Limeburners Key Components of Site: Lime Kilns, Causeway, Structure (Hut?) Pad Condition: Good Present Use: Foreshore Reserve Threats: Statement of Significance: One of the earliest industries in Geelong. Only examples of extant lime kilns in this area. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 29/4/2004 Interpretation of Site: The site has already been extensively documented by McCarthy and Varman (1982). Causeway consists of curved road extending to the edge of the reef platform near deeper water, and runs along the shoreline in front of the lime kilns themselves. Causeway consists of brick and stone rubble, which is barely discernable (though relatively intact) at the western end offshore, and intact section at the foreshore end of the curved section. Sporadic clusters of bricks and stones mark the route of the causeway along the foreshore, and the clusters are generally located in front of the lime kilns. This suggests that either there were loading platforms at these points in which to stack and load the lime produce, or that these possibly originate from modern work to clear deposits choking the kilns. History of Site: Eastern Beach Limeburning Limeburning in Geelong began on the Western side of Lime Burners Point as early 1838, when James Boucher and Patrick Melville established quarries and kilns (Harrington, 2000: 34). The first exports of lime were sent to Launceston in 1841, as it was cheaper to transport it there than to Melbourne. The formative years of lime burning in this area were characterised by ad hoc ventures, before it became an organised industry. The Eastern Beach area was a focus for the industry. One of the earliest formulated attempts to quarry the stone was undertaken by Boucher and Taylor in 1848. They were taken over by Messr Taylor in 1852, and passed again soon after to George Cakebread (by 1858 – G134), who played a major role in its formulation. Limeburners Point West Limeburners Criticism was often levelled at the damage done to the beach slopes by quarrying and drays transporting timber. Most of the early lime was carted around the back of the Botanic Gardens to the Portarlington Road. Lime burning was originally undertaken close to the deposits themselves, but the limeburners were later required to conduct their activities closer to the eastern foreshore on the beach after public concern was raised for the tourism and recreational facilities at Eastern Beach. Four kilns were operating by 1866, and the fires burned continuously to keep up with the ever increasing need for lime in the colonies.


By 1873, when demand for lime peaked, a temporary extension of quarrying area was proposed that encroached on the Botanic Gardens Grounds, but the lease was encouraged by the Minister. An area from the Beach Battery to near the Powder Magazine was proposed, and the allotments were leased by the Victorian Lime and Cement Company (who were represented by Blair and Campbell) in 1875 for seven years, which also operated the other quarries at Limeburners Point (Cakebread, Dyer and Co.). To reach the stone, the land face was cut away for 100 yards for several feet deep. The venture did not prove overly profitable, as it had to be undertaken close to the scrutiny of a popular beach front and the limestone was being slowly exhausted. By the 1880s, only one kiln was operating, and the weekly returns had been reduced tenfold (Brownhill, 1990: 403 -406; Harrington, 2000:34). Limeburners Point was originally known as Galena Point, with the original name Limeburners Point being allocated to the entrance of what is now known as Limeburners Bay (in the 1950s called Limeburners Creek, entrance to the Duck Ponds) (Brownhill, 1990:406). Limeburning was undertaken at the Duck Ponds, which in 1875 was producing superior quality lime to that at Limeburners Point. Test showed that the Duck Ponds lime retained its supportive qualities in wet conditions, whereas the Point lime fell apart. The Duck Ponds were run by the Melbourne Builders Lime and Cement Company (Brownhill, 1990: 402, 403). The Duck Ponds are labelled in Henry’s 1864 chart of Geelong near the current location of the Geelong Grammar School foreshore. Informants and other information: Brownhill, Walter, Randolph, 1990, The History of Geelong and Corio Bay, with postscript 1955-1990, Geelong: Geelong Advertiser Harrington, Jane, 2000, An Archaeological and Historical Overview of Limeburning in Victoria, Melbourne: Heritage Council Victoria McCarthy, Justin, and Varman, R., 1982, Limeburners Point, Geelong: An Archaeological Report. National Trust of Australia (Victoria) Plans: G134 Public Lands Office, 1858, Town of Geelong (Geelong Heritage Centre). G164, Public Lands Office, 1858, Town of Geelong (Geelong Heritage Centre). G183, Skene, 1851, Plan of Town Park and Public Gardens (Geelong Heritage Centre).




D7721-0403 Site Name: Geelong Rifle Pile Beacon (Butts)/ Geelong Rifle Range Site Type: Defence, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Geelong Rifle Range (1), Flagstaff (2), and Boundary Beacon Markers (3): (G154, Geelong Heritage Centre)

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Geelong Rifle Range Beacons Plan, 1941 (G308 Geelong Heritage Centre)


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Rifle range and rifle range butts Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological deposits associated with rifle range use (discard and lost items) Probable structural remains – earthworks, shelter shed remains etc. Rifle Butt piles, and boundary beacons offshore, ample spent ammunition both on and offshore Statement of Significance: The Rifle Club was locally important for the defence of the Geelong region, and has therefore has probable state level significance as part of a string of ad hoc early volunteer defence facilities. Significant component of the defence landscape of Geelong. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 29/4/2004 Interpretation of Site: The site is now occupied by the Commonwealth Animal Testing Laboratory, and could not be inspected. Rifle butt range marking poles, along with copious quantities of spent ammunition and clay pigeons are expected in the waters offshore from the facility. History of Site: With England at war in the Crimea, a petition was received by Mayor Bailie from residents, to address concerns that a hostile ship could easily hold Geelong to ransom. A public meeting was held in 1854, and resolved that a Rifle Corps should be raised to protect the town. Later that year a Rifle Corps Committee and a Rifle Club


were formed, the latter object being to provide a similar service until a Corps were approved by the government. The first rifle practice meeting was held in May, on the ground east of the Botanical Gardens, and attracted 40 volunteers to Geelong’s first rifle club. The government approved the formation of the Geelong Rifle Corps shortly afterwards, and by 1855, members of the new service had been sworn in and were drilling through the streets. The service used a room in Southey’s Hotel in Yarra St to meet. As the Allied war campaign in the Crimea proved victorious, the ranks of the Corps swelled (Brownhill, 1990: 634-6). Further attempts were made to increase the defence forces from 1858-61. A volunteer Highland Regiment was proposed (and discounted), a Corps Rifle Club was formed, and a Cavalry regiment was suggested. By 1860, the first muster of the Cavalry volunteers was held at the Corio Cricket Ground, and became known as the Geelong Mounted Rifles and later as the Geelong Troop of Prince of Wales, Victorian Volunteer Light Horse (Brownhill, 1990: 636). By 1860 there were 169 members of the Geelong Rifle Corps (unmounted). By 1861, calls were made for an Artillery Regiment to be formed, and the next year the Rifle Corps had been transformed into the Royal Victorian Volunteer Artillery. The Corps were granted land for a parade ground east of the Presbyterian Church on Fenwick St between Little Mallop and Ryrie St, and a new drill hall was built in 1863. An Easter encampment at Geelong took place that year, and 1400 volunteers were housed on the eastern and western sides of the Botanic Gardens (Brownhill, 1990: 638, 641). A permanent Rifle Club was formed in 1865, and the first shooting match was held east of the Botanic Gardens at the butts (Brownhill, 1990: 639). The Rifle Club formed an important defence for the Geelong region. The range was known as a Defence Reserve in 1905, and had a flagstaff at the NW corner of the site. Two pile beacons in the water approximately 500 and 1800m offshore delineated the north western boundary of the rifle range (G81). The Geelong Rifle Range operated until at least 1970s, by which time there were three firing ranges on site (G165). The Geelong Gun Club opened sometime in the 1960s (G274), and by 1977 had taken over as the only firing range in the area (G291). Informants and other information: Brownhill, Walter, Randolph, 1990, The History of Geelong and Corio Bay, with postscript 1955-1990, Geelong: Geelong Advertiser G81, Geelong Military Survey Map, June 1915 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G 106, Cox, H. L. 1933, Geelong Harbour, 1864, corrected to 1933 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G138, c.1941, Tourist Map, Geelong. Victorian Railways, Melbourne (Geelong Heritage Centre). G154, Cox 1864, Corrected to 1905, Geelong Harbour(Geelong Heritage Centre). G165, Street Plan of Geelong and Suburbs, c. 1960, Broadbent No. 180 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G178, Shrimpton and Co, 1950s, Geelong Presbyterian Parishes, Reproduced by Permission of Geelong Water and Sewerage Trust (Geelong Heritage Centre).


G274, Geelong District to 1951, 1962 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G308, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1941, Beacons In Gunnery Range, RAAF (Geelong Heritage Centre). G446, Shrimpton and Son, c. 1930s, Street Map of Geelong and Suburbs, Reproduced by Permission of Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust (Geelong Heritage Centre). Map Showing Location of Site:


H1157 Site Name: Cheetham Saltworks Site Type: Industrial, Maritime Listings: Photograph of Site:

Cheetham’s Saltworks, Stingaree Bay Moolap (In: Wardle, 1978)

Cheethams Saltworks (Moolap) Warehouses on Portarlington Road


Cheethams Saltworks (Moolap) Offices on Portarlington Road

Cheethams Saltworks (Moolap) salt piles and evaporation ponds on Cheetham Road

Cheethams Saltworks (Moolap) Salt Harvesting c 1960s (Courtesy Les Kee Collection)


Cheethams Saltworks (Moolap) Salt Conveyor Bin c1960s ( Courtesy Les Kee Collection)

Location AMG AGD 1966: 271711 5774487 Map Name: and Number: Geelong 7721 Cadastral Location County: Allotment: Block: Parish: Parcel: Local Government Area:

Description of Site Brief Description of Site: saltworks Key Components of Site: Probable archaeological deposits associated with salt pan use (discard and lost items). Structural remains of salt pan dykes, walkways and drains, sheds, machinery, huts etc Condition: Excellent Present Use: Saltworks Statement of Significance: Significant early industry for Geelong. State level significance. Already on Victorian Heritage Register. One of the earliest salt extraction works in Australia. Important local industry for Geelong. State level significance


Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 28/4/2004 Interpretation of Site: Outlined in Victorian Heritage Register Submission. History of Site: In 1862, Richard Cheetham, manufacturing Chemist arrived in Victoria from Manchester. Cheetham had personal experience of the salt manufacturing methods of southern Europe, and looked for seaside salt production opportunities. He initially established a salt harvesting works at French Island. In 1880s he secured a 21 year lease on 650 acres of Stingray Bay, between Limeburners Point and Point Henry. In 1891, an application to buy the land to make the venture viable led to the granting of a 99 year lease. Cheethams salt works were known as Richard Cheetham and Company, Victoria Salines. Cheetham died in 1900, but the saltworks were one of Geelongs most important industries (Brownhill, 1990: 329, 330) Informants and other information: Brownhill, Walter, Randolph, 1990, The History of Geelong and Corio Bay, with postscript 1955-1990, Geelong: Geelong Advertiser Map Showing Location of Site:

Occupier: Cheethams Saltworks (Moolap)

H7721-0404 Site Name: Point Henry West Bluestone Groyne


Site Type: Industrial, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Location of former northern peninsula arm of Stingaree Bay (G153a, Geelong Heritage Centre)

Pt Henry West Bluestone Groyne Scatter area


Pt Henry West Bluestone Groyne Scatter facing west

Structural rubble in Pt Henry West Bluestone Groyne Scatter

Pt Henry West Bluestone Groyne Scatter


Foreshore section of section of Pt Henry West Bluestone Groyne Scatter Location AMG (AGD 1966): 273720 5774837 Map Name: and Number: Geelong 7721

Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Scattered Bluestone blocks and concrete rubble – possible groyne or jetty? Key Components of Site: The site lies near the northern most extremity of the Cheetham Saltworks Pans in Stingaree Bay. A concentration of bluestone blocks and structural cement rubble lie scattered up to ten metres offshore and five metres wide. There are an abnormality in this area, whose shoreline matrix consists of mud, fine silt and sand. The bluestone blocks continue over swampland from this point eastwards in line with another concentration of similar material approx 50m inland. This feature lies at the extremity of a former northern peninsula, where Stingaree Bay extended further eastwards until reclaimed as salt pans (G153a). Condition: Fair


Present Use: Cheethams Saltworks Statement of Significance: Significant landscape component of Cheethams Saltworks Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 28/4/2004 Interpretation of Site: The scatter appears to be part of a bluestone (predominantly) and concrete groyne, which was used to encourage sand accretion near the former northern entrance to Stingaree Bay/ Bight. It probably dates to around the 1880s, when Cheetham first established his saltworks in this area, but could be a small jetty structure that might be associated with the saltworks or predate that use. History of Site: In 1862, Richard Cheetham, manufacturing Chemist arrived in Victoria from Manchester. Cheetham had personal experience of the salt manufacturing methods of southern Europe, and looked for seaside salt production opportunities. He initially established a salt harvesting works at French Island. In 1880s he secured a 21 year lease on 650 acres of Stingray Bay, between Limeburners Point and Point Henry. In 1891, an application to buy the land to make the venture viable led to the granting of a 99 year lease. Cheethams salt works were known as Richard Cheetham and Company, Victoria Salines. Cheetham died in 1900, but the saltworks were one of Geelongs most important industries (Brownhill, 1990: 329, 330) Informants and other information: Brownhill, Walter, Randolph, 1990, The History of Geelong and Corio Bay, with postscript 1955-1990, Geelong: Geelong Advertiser. Plans: G153a, Shaw, 1850, Map of the Town and Suburbs of Geelong (Geelong Heritage Centre). Map Showing Location of Site:

Directions for Relocation of Site: Access via track of west side of Pt Henry road just past Alcoa Gate #1


H7721-0405 Site Name: Point Henry West Hard or Rubbish Tip Site Type: Civic, Maritime Photograph of Site:

1895 plan showing structure to the adjacent east of the Hard (P59, Geelong Heritage Centre)

Point Henry West Hard

Artefacts at Point Henry West Hard, including slate, earthenware water pipes, and late nineteenth century bottles.



Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Hard or rubbish dump Key Components of Site: Concentrated area of crushed bluestone, and other late 19th century artefacts (ceramic water pipes, slate, broken bottles, ceramic dinnerware, and shells) spread up to 20m along the beach, and up to 20m offshore (estimated). The concentration of artefacts and crushed bluestone is an anomaly in this area, where the foreshore matrix consists of mainly mud, fine silt and sand, and most of the artefacts are in relatively small pieces. The site lies behind a large gravel carpark area accessible just west of the bend in Pt Henry past Alcoa gate #1. Condition: Good Present Use: Foreshore Reserve Statement of Significance: Unknown. Possible links to recreational sailing from the Pt Henry Township, or refuse disposal from the same area. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 2/4/2004 Interpretation of Site: The concentration of artefacts in the area initially suggested a rubbish disposal site, but the sheer volume and concentration of bluestone in this area suggests otherwise. The graveled carpark behind the site might have accounted for the bluestone gravel in the water due to storm erosion, but this is unlikely as there is not enough fetch across this short section of bay to generate sizable seas to accomplish this. As bluestone is not common in this area, it is unlikely to be natural transported material. It is therefore probable that the area is a vernacular hard created for launching small boat, probably pleasure dinghies or small fishing craft, which could have been stored or launched via the graveled are to the east. The concentration of late nineteenth century artefacts suggests utilization during that period, which would marry well with the popularity of Point Henry Tea Gardens and the area in general as a recreational landscape. Plans from 1885 show a building behind this feature, which would account for the accumulation of glass etc here, and could possibly be a boathouse. History of Site: Unknown. Possibly linked to the general recreational landscape of Point Henry and the tea gardens in this region. The site is situated directly in front of a structure located east on the foreshore, which is possibly a boat shed? (P59) Informants and other information: Plans: P59, 1885, Point Henry Estate, Sale Notice and Plan (Geelong Heritage Centre)




D7721-0406 Site Name: Pt Henry West Land Reclamation Site Type: Civic, Industrial, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Point Henry (West) Land Reclamation southern extremity

Point Henry (West) Land Reclamation southern extremity. Details of landfill


Point Henry Reclamation Concrete slabs in foreshore section

Point Henry (West) Land Reclamation and Erosion Control near northern extremity


Flaked Bottle Base Core


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Former structural concrete landfill material, brick and stone rubble, bottle used as flaking core. Key Components of Site: Concrete landfill (at the southern extremity) consisting of substantial sections of former structural concrete up to 30cm thick and two metres square, possibly originating from former wharf or pier decking, or building foundation flooring. These sections are scattered along the foreshore and are eroding out of the foreshore face (which stands about 1.5 m above the high tide mark. Few artefacts other than rubble are found in this area, suggesting the concrete sections have been used to provide a stable landfill base to create a flattened area of parkland just above the high tide mark. Of particular note though was a nineteenth century kickup bottle base, which appears to have


been used as a core from which to strike flakes. The northern extremity of the landfill lies approximately 420m to the north, almost abreast of the northern most power pylon. The matrix of the landfill in this area is similar to the south, but also includes scattered bricks and other smaller rubble. Condition: Good Present Use: Foreshore reserve Statement of Significance: Unknown. Requires further investigation Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 28/4/2004 Interpretation of Site: The concrete sections and rubble have probably been introduced to the site to both stabilize the foreshore and provide an extra level working surface. The lack of artefacts in the area hinders speculation about the date range for the reclamation, but from the appearance of the concrete sections, a guess of the 1930s could be proposed. Alternatively, the reclamation could be linked to the increase in shipping traffic to this foreshore by the construction of the Hopetoun Channel and the increase in the size of vessels using it. History of Site: This area used as recreational playground for many years (as part of the Pt Henry Tea Gardens Complex), and later for industrial purposes for the Alcoa refinery. Informants and other information: No historical information available. Map Showing Location of Site:


D7721-0407 Site Name: Pt Henry (West) Timber Groynes Site Type: Civic Photograph of Site:

Point Henry (West) Timber Groynes from Pt Henry Road near Alcoa Gate #4

Point Henry (West) Timber Groynes from south


Point Henry (West) Timber Groyne #1







Point Henry (West) Timber Groyne #6 from north



Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Timber groynes. Key Components of Site: Six timber groynes spaced approx 20m between each groyne. Each groyne has at least three upright piles spaced at three metre intervals, with up to four tiers of horizontal planks have been bolted between the piles. The width of the structure is approx 50cm in total and up to 9m in length. There is no evidence that these structure were ever connected to form a wharf. The foreshore ends of the groynes are covered by a rough cut rock boulder seawall and landfill. Condition: Good Present Use: Foreshore Reserve Statement of Significance: Unknown Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 28/4/2004 Interpretation of Site: The groynes and reclamation could be linked to the increase in shipping traffic to this foreshore by the construction of the Hopetoun Channel and the increase in the size of vessels using it. History of Site: Unknown. Possibly associated with attempts to stabilize the foreshore after dredging of the various channels exposed the foreshore to increased wakes from passing vessels (especially from the Hopetoun Channel). Informants and other information: No historical sources available Map Showing Location of Site:


H7721-0408 Pt Henry Maritime Heritage Precinct Site Name: Pt Henry Maritime Heritage Precinct Site Type: Civic, Maritime, Recreation Photograph of Site:

Pilot Jetty in 1875 (P12, Geelong Heritage Centre)


Sinclair’s Jetties in 1885 (P59, Geelong Heritage Centre)

Plan of Pilots Jetty (1) and Howard Smith Western (2) and Eastern Piers (3) at Point Henry (Downward, 1878 – Corrected to 1889. Geelong Heritage Centre)

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Location AMG, AGD 1966: Map Name: and Number: Geelong 7721

Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Tea gardens, piers, jetties, hulks, signal station, landing places, anchorage, early channels Statement of Significance: This area is pivotal to the development of the port of Geelong, and was the gateway to the Western Goldfields, the Western District Farming District. The opening of the channels enabled dozens of key industries to be developed in Geelong. The area has a strong maritime base, and evokes a strong response from a substantial proportion of the public. The absence of a significant maritime history of the area is arguably an unrealised opportunity (Threlfall, nd:2). The area has been home to a full range of maritime themes, including pilots and quarantine service, harbour trust, channels and navigational services, agriculture, immigration, recreation and tourism, aquaculture, shell extraction industry etc. The area also has strong significance for indigenous communities. It is recommended that the area be considered as a Maritime Heritage Precinct, either extending offshore from Pt Henty on boths sides of the peninsula, or between both Pt Lillias and Pt Henry, with an appropriate section excised inside the Hopetoun Channel (but to include the Dolphins marking the channel). State level significance. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 28/4/2004 Interpretation of Site: History of Site: The area was used as the first landing for Geelong by the vessel Francis Feeling in April 1836 to unload sheep, with more animals being unloaded in May. A bar between Pt Henry and Pt Lillias prohibited entry to the larger vessels into Geelong, which had to anchor and discharge cargo onto the beach before a pier was later built (Threlfall, nd:2). The bar from Points Henry to Lillias was an important feature for early graziers, who ran and swam stock across the bar in the early 1840s. Harbour Development/ Channel Dredging Since its inception, access to the inner harbour of Geelong was blocked by a sandbar between Points Henry and Lillias. Two natural channels existed at Pt Henry, the Ship Channel and the Boat Channel, and although the former was 11 feet deep, larger vessels were forced to anchor outside the Points near Pt Henry, and tranship goods into Geelong via a small fleet of lighters. In 1841, the barque Socrates became the first three masted deep water vessel to cross the bar, when she anchored off the Eastern Pier to load wool bound for England. Increased international wool shipments, immigration and an upturn in the Bass Strait stock trade highlighted the need for better access to the inner harbour. Many vessels were forced to swim stock ashore at Pt Henry. Pt Henry had been named


after the commander of the brig Henry after she visited there in Geelong’s early days. A significant trade developed across Bass Strait, with timber being delivered from Van Dieman’s Land, and departing with fattened cattle and sheep for the convict colonies of Hobart and Launceston (Brownhill, 1990: 45).

Pt Henry was often described as a sea of masts, as larger vessels unable to enter the port anchored there. In 1841, Major Mercer undertook surveys of the Ship and Boat Channels to determine the best strategy for cutting the sandbar, and determined that the former region provided the best opportunity for an artificial channel (Brownhill, 1990:45). In 1854, work on a new dredged channel (The North Channel) was begun to the north of the Ship Channel), but was only partially completed when works were retarded by submerged rocks. By 1858, a citizens committee was formed to hasten the government’s approval of the construction of a new more efficient channel, and in 1859, a Bar Committee was formed to raise funds to supplement the allocated government funds. After an initial influx of funds, donations slowed, but the committee persevered until two dredges were employed to excavate a straight channel of 18ft depth. The channel was complete in 1861, and was used by the first large ship Nazarine, which was carrying livestock and general cargo for New Zealand (Brownhill, 1990: 287-289). Initial dredging for the Hopetoun Channel began in 1881, and was completed in 1893. The channel was 130 wide and provided a minimum depth of 23 feet (Threlfall, nd:2).

H7721-0415: Point Henry East Pier/ Boat Landing (Quarantine Jetty?): A boat landing was constructed on the eastern side of Pt Henry in 1840 to discharge cargo from vessels anchored offshore. The pier was later covered by sand and shell progradation, but was uncovered again when during erosion of the area in the 1950s (Phillips, 1959:2; Threlfall, nd.:2). H7721-0414: Old Pilot Jetty An old pilot jetty was mentioned in November in 1871 in the Geelong Advertiser, but was “ of little use and in want of repair”, and was in the vicinity of the Henshaw’ Tea Gardens (Threlfall, nd: 14). Point Henry Tea Gardens H7721-0410:California Tea Gardens/Henshaw’s Victoria Tea Gardens & Pier H7721-0408:Kossaks Jetty/ Bellarine Tea Gardens, H7721-0409: (Howard Smith) New Western Jetty, H7721-0411: Sinclairs Jetty West S Hulks City of Melbourne and Briton, H7721-0416: (Howard Smith) New Eastern Long Jetty H7721-0417: (Howard Smith) New Steamboat Pier/ Sinclairs Pier The first tea gardens at Point Henry were established by Messrs Bean and Hasler in 1849 who advertised the facility as a paradise. The California Tea Gardens were named after


the large numbers of vessels that left from Point Henry to go to California gold fields. The following year the gardens enjoyed increased business from gold seekers coming into the colony, instead of vacating it and a small hire boat was available for cruising amongst the sailing vessels anchored offshore. By 1854, a regular service was being run between here and Geelong by the small steamer Diamond. The gardens were to be auctioned in1864, after one of the owners suffered ill health (Threlfall, nd:2,3). The gardens lay derilect until 1871, when the area was rejuvenated into Henshaw’s Victoria Tea Gardens. The gardens were located on a high cliff that projected towards the Corio Bay entrance, with an Esplanade on the top of the steep banks above a pebbled beach. An entertainment building with verandahs was constructed, that offered refreshments, wine and lodgings to both tourists and invalids. A wine cellar, 10000 gallon water tank, lawn and rotunda were also constructed onsite. The triangular shaped gardens occupied 5 acres of ground and there were about 2000 trees, including berry and fruit trees. The esplanade was about 60 ft above the beach level, and had an avenue of trees. The gardens were about 7 miles from Geelong, and could be reached by both road, and sea via a small jetty at the base of the cliffs. A screw steamer, the Sarah, regularly left the Yarra St Wharf and a return fare included lunch. The gardens were open the public in summer from November to April, but were offered for auction in February 1873, due to the owner’s insolvency (Threlfall, nd:3). The gardens were again opened in November 1873, but the opening was marred by a tragic accident, when several people drowned while trying to reach the paddle steamer offshore which could not access the pier due to strong winds (Threlfall, nd : 3,4). The gardens were again offered for sale in 1874, and by 1876 the area was occupied by small scale farmers and the gardens were neglected. By the end of 1876, the gardens were re-opened by Messr Kossak, who renovated the house and received a publican’s licence. He constructed a 150 ft long jetty, with a 20ft x 8ft cross pier (Threlfall, nd:4). A ferry, the Jaffa, ran between the Yarra St Pier and the gardens (Brownhill, 1990: 224). The gardens were taken over by Southey and Knowles in 1878, but were closed in 1879 due to lack of patronage. Sinclair took over the lease in 1880. He possibly purchased the land from Dobson in 1881, when he advertised the Point Henry Hotel. The land was again sold, along with 300 acres in 1885 (P59). The construction of the Clifton Springs resort and pier in the 1880s, along with the difficulty in landing passengers at the shallow Point Henry Jetty and boating accidents led to the downfall of the gardens (Threlfall, nd:4). By 1889, The (William) Howard Smith Company had taken over the area, and the gardens were restored to their former glory. The Edina transhipped passengers to the gardens and the paddle steamer Bellarine, and late in the year the Bellarine Tea Gardens were launched. A new (western) jetty was tendered that year, and in February was extended from 125ft to 915ft, and was used by the steamer Bellarine to ferry visitors from Geelong. By July 1890, tenders were called for the extension of the eastern jetty, and by September work began on a new jetty 1865ft long to be ready by Christmas. The hulks Briton and City of Melbourne were used during this time as transhipment points for


visitors, where the Edina dropped them off and the Bellarine collected them for the trip to the tea gardens. Summer houses were subsequently built along the beachfront, and a large pavilion to accommodate 350 people was constructed, and the facility offered temperance drinks. The site attracted over 22000 tourists from Melbourne and 50000 from Geelong in 1890 and eventually a hotel was constructed. The eastern pier was finished by November, along with a small new steamboat pier. The eastern pier had a clearance depth of 15ft, which enabled the Edina and other steamers to come alongside, rather than the more dangerous practice of transhipping passengers (Threlfall, nd:7,8; Brownhill, 1990:224). By 1891, fresh plans were made to establish two additional sea front cottages and thirty shelter sheds above high tide mark, several bathing houses for women and children along the beach, and a shelter shed and aquarium on the jetty. In this year the Briton was removed from the seabed near the pier and towed 400 yards inshore By 1892, the eastern long pier had a tramway and truck for unloading heavy goods from and to steamers using the pier. The W.H. Smith fleet also accessed the company’s butchery (located in Stingaree Bay), butter factory and other agricultural produce grown on the peninsula (Threlfall, nd:8, 14). By 1895, the eastern long jetty had been provided with a roofed shelter, and 30 roofed in seats had been erected along the Bay. Shell Removal In 1883, shell removal licences for the Point Henry area extended to only 1 chain above high water mark (Threlfall, :12). Oyster Shell Cultivation: In 1891, AC Clark, an oyster seller was fattening Pt Albert Oysters in troughs at the Point. The troughs were supplied with a constant supply of fresh sea water from Corio Bay, and the oysters were supplied to the Geelong Market (Threlfall, nd:5,14) Other Components (addressed in more detail below) H7721-0412: Point Henry Quarantine Station H7721-0413: Point Henry Signal Station H7721-0419: Point Henry Anchorage H7721-0421: Boat Channel H7721-0422: South Channel H7721-0423: North Channel H7721-0093: North Channel Lightship H7721-0425: Ship Channel #2 Informants and other information: Brownhill, Walter, Randolph, 1990, The History of Geelong and Corio Bay, with postscript 1955-1990, Geelong: Geelong Advertiser


Phillips, R.R., 1959, Geelong Harbour Trust: An Abridged General History of the Port Prior to, and Since the Incorporation of the Trust in 1905. Prepared by the Secretary, Geelong, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, Geelong Heritage Centre Collection Threlfall, Karen, nd, Historical Background. In Point Henry Project: A landscape and environmental development strategy for the Point Henry area, Geelong, Victoria. Downward, E., 1878, Geelong Harbour, Moolap, County of Grant. Corrected to c. 1889. In: Threlfall, .Karen, nd, Historical Background. In Point Henry Project: A landscape and environmental development strategy for the Point Henry area, Geelong, Victoria. (Geelong Heritage Centre) P12, Lands Department, 1876, Portarlington Township Plan (Geelong Heritage Centre). P59, 1885, Point Henry Estate, Sale Notice and Plan (Geelong Heritage Centre).



Proposed Heritage Precinct between Pt Henry and Pt Lillias Directions for Relocation of Site:



H7721-0412 (subsequently incorporated into H7721-0408) Site Name: Point Henry Quarantine Station/ Pt Henry Tea Gardens/ Alcoa Refinery Pier Site Type: Quarantine Station, Tea Gardens, associated piers and other recreational facilities Photograph of Site:

Point Henry Quarantine Station in 1863 (V131, Geelong Heritage Centre)


Alcoa Pier and Overhead Conveyor from Point Henry Signal Station. The Tea Gardens occupied the wetlands area here, in addition to grounds now located under the Alcoa Refinery site.

Alcoa Refinery Pier

Alcoa Refinery Pier from East

Alcoa Overhead Conveyor from Pt Henry Road


Location AMG (AGD 1966): 274205 5776320 Map Name: and Number: Geelong 7721 Area:

Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Quarantine station Key Components of Site: Possible archaeological deposits associated with quarantine station and tea gardens use (discard and lost items). Probable structural remains eg house and shelter shed foundations, paths etc Condition: Poor Present Use: Alcoa Loading Facility Statement of Significance: First quarantine facility in Geelong. Strong associations with immigration into Victoria. Local significance as a major recreational facility. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 28/4/2004 Interpretation of Site: The quarantine site now probably lies under the Alcoa Loading Facility warehouses. Most traces of the former station are likely to have been removed during the construction of the Alcoa loading facility and warehouses. The section of the tea gardens outside of the refinery area once occupied the wetlands area on the east side of Point Henry, west of the Alcoa Pier. There is a strong probability of archaeological evidence remaining in this area. History of Site: A quarantine station was shown at this site in an 1863 plan (V131). The current Alcoa Refinery pier was built in 1966 (Brownhill, 1990:707) Informants and other information: Brownhill, Walter, Randolph, 1990, The History of Geelong and Corio Bay, with postscript 1955-1990, Geelong: Geelong Advertiser V131, Geological Survey of Victoria, 1861, Paywitt Parish





D7721-0413 Site Name: Point Henry Signal Station Site Type: Civic, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Point Henry Signal Station

Point Henry Signal Station from east


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Signal station radar and radio station. Key Components of Site: Extant Signal Station. Probable archaeological deposits associated with signal station use (discard and lost items). Condition: Excellent Present Use: Foreshore Reserve, Radar Station Statement of Significance: State Level Significance. Integral component of Geelong Harbour, and Port Phillip Bay navigation facilities. Closely linked to the development of the Wilsons Spit Channel, and the successful development of the Port of Geelong. The station has local social significance for its role as a safety facility watching over the small local craft in Corio Bay. Significant component of Point Henry Heritage Precinct. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 28/4/2004 Interpretation of Site: The building is substantially intact in its original position. History of Site: When the New Wilsons Spit Channel opened on 18th May 1938, its greater depth allowed larger vessels to enter the port. This necessitated the introduction


of a one way traffic system through the channel. A signal station was established at the end of the Portarlington Pier by the GHT, with an associated control station in the then Harbour Masters Office at Moorabool Pier, and the two stations communicated via telephone. However, the Point Henry Peninsula and the distances involved prevented constant observation of vessels through the channels, and a decision was made to establish a single control station at Point Henry, approximately halfway along the route. Land was acquired to build the station in 1939, and the station was designed by Geelong Architect N.E. Schefferie. The Point Henry Signal Station opened in 1940, and was continuously staffed during its period of use. The facility had its own generator, which powered a 24 inch searchlight used for daytime communications with vessels, and an Aldis Signal Lamp for night signaling, prior to the installation of radio equipment. The vessel maintained constant radio communications with the signal stations at Breakwater Pier, Point Lonsdale and the Pilot Vessel Wyuna, and together guided all large vessels entering Port Phillip Bay. The signal station also played a vital role as a guardian for small craft in Corio Bay in bad weather, and closed around 1990 (Anonymous, 1965; Ports and Harbours Branch, 1959: 270; Heritage Interpretation Sign at site). Informants and other information: Anonymous, 1965, Point Henry Signal Station – 25 years in Operation. In: Geelong Harbour Trust: Assorted Cuttings and Notes, Geelong Heritage Centre Ports and Harbours Branch, 1959, Sailing Directions, Victoria. Including Bass Strait. Melbourne: Department of Public Works Plans: V131, Geological Survey of Victoria, 1861, Paywitt Parish (Geelong Heritage Centre) Map Showing Location of Site:




D7721-0418 Site Name: Point Henry Trig Beacon Site Type: Civic, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Point Henry Trig Beacon

Point Henry Trig Beacon Trig Station Plate


Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Trig beacon made of iron pipe cemented into the ground. Radar reflecting beacon at top. Brass trig information plate set into concrete in ground in centre of the beacon. Key Components of Site: Structural remains of trig marker. Condition: Good Present Use: Trig Beacon, Foreshore Reserve Statement of Significance: Essential component of harbour landscape used for navigation. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 28/4/2004 Interpretation of Site: Dates to at least 1959, and there has probably been a beacon near this location much earlier than this time. History of Site: Unknown. Other beacons have been located near this site since at least 1851 (Ferguson, 1851). Informants and other information:


Ports and Harbours Branch, 1959, Sailing Directions, Victoria. Including Bass Strait. Melbourne: Department of Public Works Plans: Ferguson, Charles, 1851, Chart of Soundings on Geelong Bar Taken at Low Water by Charles Ferguson , Harbour Master 1851, Drawn by H.M. Garrard (Surveyor), Lloyd Chambers, Geelong, 12th July 1854. Map Showing Location of Site:


H7721-0419 (subsequently incorporated into H7721-0408) Site Name: Point Henry Anchorage Site Type: anchorage Photograph of Site:

Pt Henry Anchorage in 1850 (G153a Geelong Heritage Centre)



Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Anchorage – not inspected Key Components of Site: Expected substantial archaeological relics associated with anchorage use (discard and lost items). Lost anchors Condition: Unknown Present Use: Corio Bay Statement of Significance: First anchorage for Geelong before channels were cut through the bar. Significant component of the Point Henry Maritime Heritage Precinct. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 28/4/2004 Interpretation of Site: The site has probable rich archaeological potential of shipboard life from the 1840s onwards, similar to the Hobsons Bay anchorage at Melbourne. History of Site: Since its inception, access to the inner harbour of Geelong was blocked by a sandbar between Points Henry and Lillias. Two natural channels existed at Pt Henry, the Ship Channel and the Boat Channel, and although the former was 11 feet deep, larger vessels were forced to anchor outside the Points near Pt Henry, and tranship goods into Geelong via a small fleet of lighters. In 1841, the barque Socrates became the first three masted deep water vessel to cross the bar, when she anchored off the Eastern Pier to load wool bound for England. Increased international wool shipments, immigration and an upturn in the Bass Strait stock trade highlighted the need for better access to the inner harbour. Many vessels were forced to swim stock ashore at Pt Henry. Pt Henry had been named after the commander of the brig Henry after she visited there in Geelong’s early days. A significant trade developed across Bass Strait, with timber being delivered from Van Dieman’s Land, and departing with fattened cattle and sheep for the convict colonies of Hobart and Launceston (Brownhill, 1990: 45). Pt Henry was often described as a sea of masts, as larger vessels unable to enter the port anchored there. In 1841, Major Mercer undertook surveys of the Ship and Boat Channels to determine the best strategy for cutting the sandbar, and determined that the former region provided the best opportunity for an artificial channel (Brownhill, 1990:45). Informants and other information: Brownhill, Walter, Randolph, 1990, The History of Geelong and Corio Bay, with postscript 1955-1990, Geelong: Geelong Advertiser Plans: G153a, Shaw, 1850, Map of the Town and Suburbs of Geelong





H7721-0423 Site Name: Ship Channel #1/ North Channel Site Type: shipping channel

North Channel in 1864 (Cox 1864)


Location of the Ship Channel 1844 (G388)



Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Channel, relics, channel marker buoys and piles Key Components of Site: Archaic Channel, probable and actual archaeological relics associated with channel use. Archaeological remains of buoy and pile structures marking channel extremities. Statement of Significance:The first channel and first artificial dredged channel in Geelong. Part of a network of early channels that were instrumental in the development of Geelong as a viable regional shipping port. This Channel is of State significance for its associations with the opening of Geelong Harbour to visiting shipping. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Interpretation of Site: The site is still visible in both aerial photos and from site visits in 2004. Jim Anderson (pers comms) has recently (2006) dived along the channel and reported artifacts are still evident on the seabed, along with the possible remains of former channel markers. History of Site: In 1841, the barque Socrates discovered a route which allowed Van Diemans Land trading vessels up to 11ft deep to gain access into the inner harbour of Geelong. Later that year, Major Mercer surveyed the Ship Channel and established its minimum depth at low tide to be eight feet, with nine feet of mud substrate, and recommended it as the preferred access route into Geelong (Brownhill, 1990: 44-45). The Ship Channel was noted on a chart from 1848 (G388) and in 1850 (G153a), and the sides of the channel were marked by dolphins in 1858 (VGG, 1858:1186).

With the increase in trade during the during the gold rush period, this partly natural channel was investigated in 1854 to assess its potential as an entrance to the inner harbour. Dredging of the first artificial channel began between 1855 -1856 by Capt John Napier. The channel was designed for use by small craft, and was dredged to 13 feet until a rock reef prevented further work (Phillips, 1959:2; Threlfall, nd:2; Geelong Maritime Museum Display). The channel allowed the first sizable shipment of wool directly from the inner harbour. However by 1858, the crooked channel was criticized as inadequate and difficult, and a new channel was called for (Brownhill, 1990: 287). The Channel was still shown on charts in 1864, where it had been renamed the North Channel, which appeared to be accessed via the new Ship Channel (#2) to the East (Cox, 1864).

Informants and other information: Brownhill, Walter, Randolph, 1990, The History of Geelong and Corio Bay, with postscript 1955-1990, Geelong: Geelong Advertiser


Ferguson, Charles, 1851, Chart Soundings at Geelong Bar taken at low water, Geelong Maritime Museum Map Collection Geelong Maritime Museum Display. Plans: Ferguson, Charles, 1851, Chart of Soundings on Geelong Bar Taken at Low Water by Charles Ferguson , Harbour Master 1851, Drawn by H.M. Garrard (Surveyor), Lloyd Chambers, Geelong, 12th July 1854 (Geelong Maritime Museum). G153a, Shaw, 1850, Map of the Town and Suburbs of Geelong, Comprising The Lands and Parishes of Bellarine, Barabool, Duneed, Moolap, Bellarine, and Paywitt, Together with the Bar and the Proposed Improvements, By Barrat Shaw, 1850 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G154, Cox 1864, Corrected to 1914, Geelong Harbour, London: Hydrographic Office Admiralty (Geelong Heritage Centre). G 388, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, c. 1900, Map of Geelong Bar, Based on Hartell M. Garrards survey of 1848 (Geelong Heritage Centre). Phillips, R.R., 1959, Geelong Harbour Trust: An Abridged General History of the Port Prior to, and Since the Incorporation of the Trust in 1905. Prepared by the Secretary, Geelong, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners (Geelong Heritage Centre). Henry, Commander, 1864, Corio Bay or Geelong Inner Harbour, CS29, Coastal Survey Series (State Library of Victoria Map Collection) Threlfall, .Karen, nd, Historical Background. In Point Henry Project: A landscape and environmental development strategy for the Point Henry area, Geelong, Victoria. V129, Geological Survey of Victoria, 1861, No. 23 SW, Part of Murtcaim (Geelong Heritage Centre). Map Showing Location of Site:


H7721-0422 Site Name: Irish Channel/ South Channel Site Type: channel, channel marker buoys and piles Photograph of Site:

Location of the South Channel in 1864 (Cox 1864)

Location AMG AGD 1966: 273534 5779617 Map Name: and Number: Geelong 7721 Cadastral Location County: Parish: Local Government Area:

Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Channel, relics, channel marker buoys and piles Key Components of Site: Archaic Channel, probable and actual archaeological relics associated with channel use. Archaeological remains of buoy and pile structures marking channel extremities.


Statement of Significance: Second dredged channel in Geelong. Part of a network of early channels that were instrumental in the development of Geelong as a viable regional shipping port. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Interpretation of Site: The site is still visible in both aerial photos and from site visits in 2004. Jim Anderson (pers comms) has recently (2006) dived along the channel and reported artifacts are still evident on the seabed, along with the possible remains of former channel markers. History of Site: This feature was called the Irish Channel in 1851 (Ferguson, 1851). In 1854, work on a new dredged channel (The North Channel) was begun to the north of the Ship Channel), but was only partially completed when works were retarded by submerged rocks. By 1858, a citizens committee was formed to hasten the government’s approval of the construction of a new more efficient channel, and in 1859, a Bar Committee was formed to raise funds to supplement the allocated government funds. After an initial influx of funds, donations slowed, but the committee persevered until two dredges were employed to excavate a straight channel of 18ft depth. Dredging of the South Channel began to provide deep water access for vessels up to 18 feet draught, although it was very narrow and not regarded as a success. The South Channel was complete sometime between 1861-62, and was used by the first large ship Nazarine, which was carrying livestock and general cargo for New Zealand (Phillips, 1959:3; Threlfall, nd:2; Brownhill, 1990: 287-289; V129). The last vessel used this channel in 1895, despite the previous completion of the Hopetoun Channel (Phillips, 1959:3), and the Channel was still evident on charts in 1914 (G154). Traces of the channel could still be seen to the north of the Hopetoun Channel (Threlfall, nd: 2).

Informants and other information: Brownhill, Walter, Randolph, 1990, The History of Geelong and Corio Bay, with postscript 1955-1990, Geelong: Geelong Advertiser. Phillips, R.R., 1959, Geelong Harbour Trust: An Abridged General History of the Port Prior to, and Since the Incorporation of the Trust in 1905. Prepared by the Secretary, Geelong, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, Geelong Heritage Centre Collection. Threlfall, .Karen, nd, Historical Background. In Point Henry Project: A landscape and environmental development strategy for the Point Henry area, Geelong, Victoria. Plans: Ferguson, Charles, 1851, Chart of Soundings on Geelong Bar Taken at Low Water by Charles Ferguson , Harbour Master 1851, Drawn by H.M. Garrard (Surveyor), Lloyd Chambers, Geelong, 12th July 1854 (Geelong Maritime Museum). G154, Cox 1864, Corrected to 1914, Geelong Harbour, London: Hydrographic Office Admiralty (Geelong Heritage Centre).


G 388, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, c. 1900, Map of Geelong Bar, Based on Hartell M. Garrards survey of 1848 (Geelong Heritage Centre). Phillips, R.R., 1959, Geelong Harbour Trust: An Abridged General History of the Port Prior to, and Since the Incorporation of the Trust in 1905. Prepared by the Secretary, Geelong, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners (Geelong Heritage Centre). Henry, Commander, 1864, Corio Bay or Geelong Inner Harbour, CS29, Coastal Survey Series (State Library of Victoria Map Collection) Threlfall, .Karen, nd, Historical Background. In Point Henry Project: A landscape and environmental development strategy for the Point Henry area, Geelong, Victoria. V129, Geological Survey of Victoria, 1861, No. 23 SW, Part of Murtcaim (Geelong Heritage Centre). Map Showing Location of Site:


H7721-0421 Site Name: Boat Channel Site Type: Channel, Channel Markers Photograph of Site:

Location of the Boat Channel in 1864 (Cox 1864)


Location of the Boat Channel c1900 (G388)


Location AMG AGD 1966: 274315 5777084 (southern section) (AMG -AGD 1966) 274004 5777 682 (northern section) (AMG -AGD 1966) Map Name: and Number: Geelong 7721

Description of Site Brief Description of Site: The site probably contains archaeological evidence (discarded or lost) by the first vessels to use the Geelong Harbour Key Components of Site: Probable undisturbed archaeological discard from early vessels. Condition: Excellent Present Use: Not used Threats: Hopetoun Channel Dredging Statement of Significance: The channel is one of the first channels in Geelong, and probably the first used to access the inner harbour. It has state level significance due to its associations with the establishment of Geelong as a Harbour and a regional economic centre. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 31/6/2004 Interpretation of Site: The area of the former channel appears to be undisturbed from most of the northern section. A small region of the southern extremity has been excavated by the Hopetoun Channel History of Site: Major Mercer surveyed the Boat Channel and established its minimum depth at low tide to be five feet, with four feet of hard mud and shells (Brownhill, 1990: 44-45). The channel was still marked by buoys in 1864 (Henry), but was superceded by the construction of the Hopetoun Channel in 1893. Informants and other information: Brownhill, Walter, Randolph, 1990, The History of Geelong and Corio Bay, with postscript 1955-1990, Geelong: Geelong Advertiser. Phillips, R.R., 1959, Geelong Harbour Trust: An Abridged General History of the Port Prior to, and Since the Incorporation of the Trust in 1905. Prepared by the Secretary, Geelong, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, Geelong Heritage Centre Collection. Threlfall, .Karen, nd, Historical Background. In Point Henry Project: A landscape and environmental development strategy for the Point Henry area, Geelong, Victoria. Ferguson, Charles, 1851, Chart Soundings at Geelong Bar taken at low water (Geelong Maritime Museum Map Collection). Henry, Commander, 1864, Corio Bay or Geelong Inner Harbour, CS29, Coastal Survey Series (State Library of Victoria Map Collection).





D7721-0424 Site Name: Hopetoun Channel/ Dolphin Pile Beacons Site Type: Civic, Maritime Photograph of Site:

Hopetoun Channel Dolphin Pile Beacons


Location of the Hopetoun Channel c1900 (G388)


Location AMG: 272960 5777349 (AMG -AGD 1966) Map Name: and Number: Geelong 7721

Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Square timber dolphin channel markers. Probable large deposits of relics on the seafloor. Probable remains of navigational mooring buoys/ piles on seafloor. Key Components of Site: Extant dolphin channel markers Condition: Excellent Present Use: Channel Markers Threats: Any proposed widening of the Hopetoun Channel Statement of Significance: State Level Significance. The Hopetoun Channel was pivotal to the development of Geelong as a viable Port. The dolphin beacons are integral to the definition of the Channel, and are a significant aesthetic component of the Corio Bay maritime cultural landscape. It is unclear when these dolphins were constructed, but they are of social significance both all mariners using the bay, and to tourists/ local residents who view them from shore. The dolphin structures represent a former style of channel delineation that was previously common around Port Phillip Bay. However, they are probably the only remaining extant example of a complete network of dolphin channel markers left in Victoria, and certainly in Port Phillip Bay. The Hopetoun Channel Dolphins should therefore be considered for inclusion on the Victorian Heritage Register. Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 3/5/2004 Interpretation of Site: The markers are still extant and robust. They are still used to mark the Hopetoun Channel Boundaries. History of Site: In 1854, work on a new dredged channel (The North Channel) was begun to the north of the Ship Channel), but was only partially completed when works were retarded by submerged rocks. By 1858, a citizens committee was formed to hasten the government’s approval of the construction of a new more efficient channel, and in 1859, a Bar Committee was formed to raise funds to supplement the allocated government funds. After an initial influx of funds, donations slowed, but the committee persevered until two dredges were employed to excavate a straight channel of 18ft depth. The South Channel was complete in 1861, and was used by the first large ship Nazarine, which was carrying livestock and general cargo for New Zealand (Brownhill, 1990: 287- 289). As early as 1850, a new dredged channel was planned through the Geelong Harbour Bar (G153a). Initial dredging for the Hopetoun Channel began in 1881, and was completed in 1893. The channel was 132 ft wide, a minimum depth of 23 feet and 12290ft long. By 1897 it had been extended to 6600ft. It was marked by beacon gas buoys (Phillips, 1959:3; Threlfall, nd:2, Brownhill, 1990:290).


Informants and other information: Brownhill, Walter, Randolph, 1990, The History of Geelong and Corio Bay, with postscript 1955-1990, Geelong: Geelong Advertiser Plans: Threlfall, Karen, nd, Historical Background. In Point Henry Project: A landscape and environmental development strategy for the Point Henry area, Geelong, Victoria. G153a, Shaw, 1850, Map of the Town and Suburbs of Geelong, Comprising The Lands and Parishes of Bellarine, Barabool, Duneed, Moolap, Bellarine, and Paywitt, Together with the Bar and the Proposed Improvements, By Barrat Shaw, 1850 (Geelong Heritage Centre). G154, Cox 1864, Corrected to 1914, Geelong Harbour, London: Hydrographic Office Admiralty (Geelong Heritage Centre). Map Showing Location of Site:



H7721-0425 Site Name: Ship Channel #2 Site Type: civic, maritime Photograph of Site:

Location of the Ship Channel #2 in 1864 (Cox 1864)

Location AMG: 276,200 5,778,700 Map Name: and Number: Geelong 7721

Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Shipping channel and associated channel markers (buoys, piles and dolphins). Probable archaeological relics associated with channel use Statement of Significance: Major shipping channel approach to Geelong in the 1860s. Part of a network of early channels which led to the development of Geelong as a major regional shipping port.


Recorded By: Brad Duncan Interpretation of Site: The site has not been inspected, but is likely to evidence relics from the 1860s – 70s associated with passing shipping traffic. History of Site: By 1864, the Ship Channel (#2) referred to the approach channel that accessed the South and North Channels (Cox 1864). The Ship Channel was the outer channel to the Port of Geelong (Yule, 1868). Informants and other information: Brownhill, Walter, Randolph, 1990, The History of Geelong and Corio Bay, with postscript 1955-1990, Geelong: Geelong Advertiser. Plans: G154, Cox 1864, Corrected to 1914, Geelong Harbour, London: Hydrographic Office Admiralty (Geelong Heritage Centre). Map Showing Location of Site:


D7721- 0420 Site Name: Point Henry (East) Bluestone Blocks, Groynes and Mooring Posts Site Type: Maritime Listings: Photograph of Site:

Pt Henry in 1863 showing Quamby Hall near the site

Point Henry (East) Bluestone Block Scatter western extremity


Point Henry (East) Mooring Posts (?) western extremity

Bluestone Block from Point Henry (East) Bluestone Block Scatter western extremity


Point Henry (East) Bluestone Block Scatter western extremity


Point Henry (East) Bluestone Rock Scatter central section scatter

Point Henry (East) Bluestone rocks and building material scatter central section

Point Henry (East) Bluestone rocks and building material scatter and timber pile, central section


Point Henry (East) Bluestone Rock Groyne and timber pile, eastern section

Point Henry (East) Bluestone Rock Groyne and mooring post pile, eastern section


Point Henry (East) Mooring Posts, eastern section


Point Henry (East) Mooring Posts and Salt Pan Inlet at rear, eastern section

Location AMG (AGD 1966): Scattered Bluestone Blocks and Iron Mooring Posts (Western end) 275247 5774965 Scattered Bluestone Rocks and Rubble, Groynes, Timber and Iron Mooring Posts 275838 5774399 Map Name: and Number: Geelong 7721

Description of Site Brief Description of Site: Scattered dressed rectangular bluestone blocks and vertical iron tramway rail piles – mooring posts (western end). Scattered bluestone rocks and structural building material rubble, bluestone and brick groynes, mooring posts -upright iron tramway rail piles and timber piles. Key Components of Site: Scattered bluestone rocks and structural building material rubble, bluestone and brick groynes, mooring posts -upright iron tramway rail piles and timber piles Condition: Fair Present Use: Point Henry Wildlife Sanctuary Wetlands Foreshore Reserve Statement of Significance: Unknown. Possibly local recreational or fishing boat haven? Recorded By: Brad Duncan Date: 29/4/2004 Interpretation of Site: The upright tramway rails have holes cut toward their tops, suggesting they have been used for mooring posts or to haul materials/ boats ashore. The origin of the bluestone blocks is unknown, but could be associated with Quamby Hall, which is shown close to the site in 1863 (V141). The material at the eastern end of the site seems to be deposited from destroyed and partially ruined groynes, some of which the shape can still be determined. Those that still survive vary in shape and size, but on average are about 3-5m long. There are a number of timber posts situated close to these structures, along with tramway iron mooring posts similar to those described above. One set of fore and aft mooring posts still survive in this area spaced about 8m apart. The area may possibly have been used as a vernacular harbour to moor small craft, possibly fishing boats, with the groynes designed to provide shelter to boats moored to the posts. Further historical investigation may clarify or confirm their origins. History of Site: Unknown. The site was located close to a structure called Quamby Hall in 1863 (V131). No other history available for the site. Informants and other information: Plan: V131, Geological Survey of Victoria, 1861, Paywitt Parish (Geelong Heritage Centre)



Directions for Relocation of Site: Access via Windmill Road off Pt Henry Rd


Brownhill, Walter, Randolph, 1990, The History of Geelong and Corio Bay, with postscript 1955-1990, Geelong: Geelong Advertiser Henry, John A., 1945, Do you remember? Early Geelong, Volume 2, Geelong: Solomons Pty Ltd Plans: PRO RFCL 1640, 1880, Geelong, County of Grant, (Victorian Public Records Office). G 278, GHTC, 1927, Part of City of Geelong, Parish of Corio, County of Paywitt, (Geelong Heritage Centre). G387, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1898, Soundings Taken Around Railway Wharf, Moorabool St Wharf, Yarra St Wharf, and Small Craft Jetty No 13 (Geelong Heritage Centre). Map Showing Location of Site:



Chapter 6: Maritime Infrastructure Project Geelong: Thematic History

6. GEELONG THEMATIC HISTORY Harbour Development Since its inception, access to the inner harbour of Geelong was blocked by a sandbar between Points Henry and Lillias. Two natural channels existed at Pt Henry, the Ship Channel and the Boat Channel, and although the former was 11 feet deep, larger vessels were forced to anchor outside the Points near Pt Henry, and tranship goods into Geelong via a small fleet of lighters. In 1841, the barque Socrates became the first three masted deep water vessel to cross the bar, when she anchored off the Eastern Pier to load wool bound for England. Increased international wool shipments, immigration and an upturn in the Bass Strait stock trade highlighted the need for better access to the inner harbour. Many vessels were forced to swim stock ashore at Pt Henry. Pt Henry had been named after the commander of the brig Henry after she visited there in Geelong’s early days. A significant trade developed across Bass Strait, with timber being delivered from Van Dieman’s Land, and departing with fattened cattle and sheep for the convict colonies of Hobart and Launceston (Brownhill, 1990: 45). Pt Henry was often described as a sea of masts, as larger vessels unable to enter the port anchored there. In 1841, Major Mercer undertook surveys of the Ship and Boat Channels to determine the best strategy for cutting the sandbar, and determined that the former region provided the best opportunity for an artificial channel (Brownhill, 1990:45). In 1854, work on a new dredged channel (The North Channel) was begun to the north of the Ship Channel), but was only partially completed when works were retarded by submerged rocks. By 1858, a citizens committee was formed to hasten the government’s approval of the construction of a new more efficient channel, and in 1859, a Bar Committee was formed to raise funds to supplement the allocated government funds. After an initial influx of funds, donations slowed, but the committee persevered until two dredges were employed to excavate a straight channel of 18ft depth. The channel was complete in 1861, and was used by the first large ship Nazarine, which was carrying livestock and general cargo for New Zealand (Brownhill, 1990: 287-289). Initial dredging for the Hopetoun Channel began in 1881, and was completed in 1893. The channel was 130 wide and provided a minimum depth of 23 feet (Threlfall, nd:2). By 1854, the existing piers at Yarra and Moorabool Streets, the Customs House Wharf (Eastern Pier) and Steamboat Wharf were proving inadequate for shipping needs, and a new pier (Railway Pier) connected to the Railway was begun by the Geelong and Melbourne Railway Company. The efforts of this private venture rivaled the lackadaisical approach to the government in clearing a channel through the bar, much to the disgust of local residents. Community disputes about the proposed locations of the port’s next major government pier also retarded development. Sites in Griffins Gulley (corner of LaTrobe and Victoria Terraces) and Bellarine Street Foreshore were proposed in 1854, but the proposals were overshadowed by the discussions for the creation of a Harbour Trust to manage and direct foreshore development. An appointed select committee recommended in that year for the creation of a Harbour Trust. Although a bill was introduced into parliament, it was not passed and the Geelong Harbour Trust was not


formed until 1905, although regional harbour developments such as channel dredging and pier construction were undertaken (Brownhill, 1990: 284-6). There was much competition between Geelong and Melbourne for trade. One writer compared the two in the following terms “Geelong was high and dry and healthily situated, (whereas) located the capital in its present cesspool of pestilence amongst rivers marshes and fever lagoons at Melbourne, for the sole advancement of undertakers and doctors” (Brownhill, 1990:91). Regular communications between Melbourne and Geelong were originally patchy and heavily reliant on small sailing cutters. Two commercial interests in Melbourne and Geelong individually established steamer services between the towns, which were eventually replaced by the Port Phillip Steam Navigation Company. By the 1850s many steamers were engaged in the trade, and new services were offered to Queenscliff. The Bay steamer trade became a popular tourist attraction and continued to the 1930s when the increase in motor and rail transport led to its decline. Significant vessels such as the Edina, Courier, Excelsior, Despatch and Alert were involved in the trade, many of which ended their days as wrecks. An attempt by the Corio Bay Steam Yacht Company to establish a tourist trade route between Cowies Creek, Pt Henry and Bird Rock in 1872 failed due to lack of interest. A brief service was also established between the Yarra St Pier and North Shore Jetty during the land boom sales of the late 1880s (Brownhill, 1990: 292 - 298) By the 1880s, work had begun to straighten and secure the shoreline on both sides on Moorabool Pier. The work was drawn out and sporadic, with silt laden punts ferrying dredge spoil from the channel deepening at Point Henry to add to the landfill. A seawall was built approximately 80m to the north of the then foreshore, and formed an integral part of the foreshore reclamation works. Shipping agents headquarters and coal yards were subsequently built on this land (Brownhill, 1990:633). By 1905, the Geelong Harbour Trust was established to Agricultural Produce By the 1844, a tallow works was established at the Breakwater by the Barwon Steam Tallow Establishment to take advantage of the surplus of livestock brought there from Tasmania for wool production. Other boiling down works and export meat salting works followed and were established by Messrs Thompson (Kardinia Farm), Dennys (1847-51, 1861). The gold rush affected the viability of many of these industries, as labour became short (Brownhill, 1990:314). Flour milling also proved to be a popular industry, and from 1844 onwards many mills sprang up all over the valley. The first flour mills in the district were opened at Fyansford and South Geelong on the Barwon River. By the 1850s, there was a glut of mills in the area. Many of the stone blocks from Riverdale Steam Flour Mill on the north side of the


Barwon River at Chilwell were bought for use in the reclamation works on the north side of the Railway Pier (Brownhill, 1990:315-6). By 1865, the first serious effort to establish a woollen mill was made in Geelong. The first cloth was produced by the Victorian Woollen and Cloth Company in 1868, which was the first wool mill in Victoria. From this time onwards, wool milling was to prove one to be of Geelong’s most successful economic export industries, with several mills located along the Barwon River. Production of war uniforms contributed markedly to the success of these industries, which still operate (Brownhill, 1990:316 -321). Other industries in the area included: Paper Mill at Buckley’s Falls: 1878 -1923. There was only one other mill in the

colony in 1888. Paper mill at Marnockvale 1891-1893 (Brownhill, 1990:323) Ropeworks (Geelong Rope Factory) at Chilwell 1852- 1873; Fairview Rope Works

1873- (Brownhill, 1990: 324) One of the first businesses in Geelong was a smith, who operated on the beach front (Brownhill, 1990: 324). Corio Tannery est. 1881-1886. Abutted on Victoria Terrace and had a frontage of

180 ft towards the bay. (Brownhill, 1990: 327) 1871 - 1874 Meat Canning, Geelong Meat Preserving Company Frozen Meat Exports 1893 1st proposed. 1st export on Timaru in 1894 to London.

Ballast of Timaru used to fill in a depression at Harding Park Eastern Beach (the ballast was dredgings from the Thames River bed. A chilling works was erected at the abattoirs for this shipment. First freezing works established at North Shore on leased Council land by the Western and Wimmera Districts Freezing Company, which was Geelong’s first freezing works. First shipment of carcases in 1896. The company sold the buildings in 1901. Geelong continued to export frozen meat elsewhere (Brownhill, 1990: 328)

Soap and candle making: Once a prominent industry from the 1840s to at least the 1890s, with factories on the Barwon River and in North Geelong (Brownhill, 1990: 329)

Salt making: in 1862, Richard Cheetham, manufacturing Chemist arrived in Victoria from Manchester. Cheetham had personal experience of the salt manufacturing methods of southern Europe, and looked for seaside salt production opportunities. He initially established a salt harvesting works at French Island. In 1880s he secured a 21 year lease on 650 acres of Stingray Bay, between Limeburners Point and Point Henry. In 1891, an application to buy the land to make the venture viable led to the granting of a 99 year lease. Cheetham’s salt works were known as Richard Cheetham and Company, Victoria Salines. Cheetham died in 1900, but the saltworks were one of Geelong’s most important industries (Brownhill, 1990: 329, 330)

Butter Factories: were established in Geelong after 1893 (Brownhill, 1990: 331)


Mineral Extraction Limestone: The first exports of lime were sent to Launceston in 1841, as it was

cheaper to transport it there than to Melbourne. The formative years of lime burning in this area were characterised by ad hoc ventures, before it became an organised industry. The Eastern Beach area was a focus for the industry. One of the earliest formulated attempts to quarry the stone was undertaken by Boucher and Taylor in 1848. They were taken over by Messr Taylor in 1852, and passed again soon after to George Cakebread, who played a major role in its formulation. Criticism was often levelled at the damage done to the beach slopes by quarrying and drays transporting timber. Most of the early lime was carted around the back of the Botanic Gardens to the Portarlington Road. Lime burning was originally undertaken close to the deposits themselves, but the limeburners were later required to conduct their activities closer to the eastern foreshore on the beach after public concern was raised for the tourism and recreational facilities at Eastern Beach. Four kilns were operating by 1866, and the fires burned continuously to keep up with the ever increasing need for lime in the colonies. By 1873, a temporary extension of quarrying area was proposed that encroached on the Botanic Gardens Grounds, but the lease was encouraged by the Minister. An area from the Beach Battery to near the Powder Magazine was proposed, and the allotments were leased by the Victorian Lime and Cement Company in 1875 for seven years, which also operated the other lease at Limeburners Point to the east. To reach the stone, the land face was cut away for 100 yards for several feet deep. The venture did not prove overly profitable, as it had to be undertaken close to the scrutiny of a popular beach front and the limestone was being slowly exhausted. By the 1880s, only one kiln was operating, and the weekly returns had been reduced tenfold. Limeburners Point was originally known as Galena Point, with the original name Limeburners Point being allocated to the entrance of what is now known as Limeburners Bay (in the 1950s called Limeburners Creek, entrance to the Duck Ponds) (Brownhill, 1990:406).

Limeburning was undertaken at the Duck Ponds, which in 1875 was producing superior quality lime to that at Limeburners Point. Test showed that the Duck Ponds lime retained its supportive qualities in wet conditions, whereas the Point lime fell apart. The Duck Ponds were run by the Melbourne Builders Lime and Cement Company (Brownhill, 1990: 402, 403). The Duck Ponds are labelled in Henry’s 1864 chart of Geelong near the current location of the Geelong Grammar School foreshore.

Marble: Marble quarrying was undertaken near Limeburners Point by Robert

Shanklin in 1862. The deposits were discovered either by William Clemant, or Alfred Ronald’s some years earlier (when La Trobe was governor), but was discouraged from exploiting them due to the infancy of the colony. Marble from this area had been exhibited in 1849, and although they were found to be of favourable quality, the resource was not then exploited. Shanklin had investigated the area and found a 1.5 ton block of marble in the unworked cliff face. Shanklin was granted a lease for seven years for the three acre area, and issued a prospectus in 1862 for the


Geelong Preliminary Marble Company. When quarrying began that year, several tons of marble were uncovered from a trench near the shoreline, which subsequently flooded and halted further work. Tests of the extracted marble proved it to be too poor quality to be viably extracted, and the company was wound up in the same year it started (Brownhill, 1990:407-8).

Copper Mine halfway between Queens Bridge and Melville’s Quarry. Copper

impregnated water was seen oozing from the cliff face and was found to electroplate an iron rod when it placed in it. A company was formed to buy the land in 1848, and although a narrow lode was found, it disappeared into blue clay, and the venture was abandoned. Traces of copper were also found at Mercers Hill, Newtown but again proved unviable (Brownhill, 1990:407).

Limeburners Point is significant for its role played in first signalling the succession of Victoria from NSW in 1850 (Brownhill, 1990: 510).

Recreational Activities Corio Bay Regatta: The first regatta was held here in 1844, and included four races for rowing and sail boats of various sizes. Rowing Clubs There have been a number of rowing clubs in Corio Bay. The first, the Rowing Club, was established in 1861 at the time of the Geelong Regatta, but lasted barely six months due to lack of patronage. The Geelong Amateur Rowing Club was established in 1862, and regularly met at the Victoria Hotel until it too folded six months later. In 1864, the Barwon Boating Club was formed on the Barwon River, and held races there and at Lake Connewarre. The club members owned 14 boats, and an application was made to the Government for land to the east of the bridge to build a boathouse. The Corio Amateur Rowing Club was formed in 1865. A boat shed was built at Eastern Beach and rowing practice was undertaken in the Corio Bay. The club folded however three years later when all its assets including the boatshed were sold for £30 (Brownhill, 1990: 545). In meantime, the Geelong Rowing Club had survived and maintained a low profile, and by 1870 formed a branch at the Barwon River called the Barwon Rowing Club. The first boat race took place in that year, with the first rowing race on the Barwon River held in 1876 (Brownhill, 1990: 546). The club remains a successful entity today. Buoyed by the success of the above association, the Corio Bay Rowing Club was formed in 1873, and entered into an arrangement with C. Blunt to provide the boats and other equipment for a nominal charge per head. A 60 x 34 feet wide shed was built and opened in 1879 under contract to the club, with a double 47 ft long platform projecting seaward. Regattas were often held on the Connewarre Lakes, and drew large crowds around Easter from the surrounding districts (Brownhill, 1990: 547). River Cruises/ Commercial Steamers: The potential of the Barwon River for

commercial and pleasure cruises appears to have never been fully exploited. Some


efforts were made to forestall the installation of woollen mills along the Barwon River, in case wharves were required there. The use of the river to for transporting supplies and deliveries from the Paper and Starch Mills, the Cement Works, and other industries at Fyansford was considered as late as the 1890s, when surveys were made of the river bed. Even though steamers with collapsible funnels were recommended to pass under bridges, the idea of commercial shipping on the river was later abandoned (Brownhill, 1990: 548).

The first recreational river steamer was introduced in 1877, when Henry Hobday introduced a self built 22ft paddle steamer to take 12 passengers up the river. In 1889, the first screw steamer, Lusitania, was brought from Lake Colac by the wool mill expert John Schofield, who used it for personal enjoyment for a few months before sending it back via train. Around 1912, the paddle launch Perseverance operated between the Barwon Bridge and the Barwon/ Moorabool River Junction (Brownhill, 1990: 548).

Sea Bathing/ Mineral Springs Bay bathing was always a popular pastime in Corio Bay. Initial dressing sheds were built by private interests at both Western and Eastern Beaches, but access to the beaches was often hindered by the cliffs circling the bay, and the heavily timbered regions around Yarra St and Western Beach. Many of the trees were removed in 1842, opening the way for bathing facilities along the foreshore. As early as 1844, the potential of the Corio Bay foreshore as a bathing facility was recognised by early visitors, who complained of the lack of suitable bathing facilities in the area. Within days, the Corio Bathing Establishment announced it was ready for public patronage. The facility provided bathing in 4ft of water, with 10 dressing rooms, which offered patrons seasonal tickets or ad hoc admission. It was not the first bathing house in the Bay, but was the best at its time. There was an unwritten rule that the Western Beach was reserved for gents bathing and the eastern beach for ladies to preserve their modesty. Often, however, some gentlemen did not observe these codes of conduct, and “respectable females were frightened away from their salt water bath”. These transgressions were mostly blamed on visitors, who were not aware of these arrangements (Brownhill, 1990: 627). The Geelong Public Bathing House at Western Beach was run by Richard Parker in the 1840s, (an ironmonger in Corio Terrace) before it was destroyed by a storm (Brownhill, 1990: 627). Madam McGrath resolved the problem when she opened the Ladies Bathing House at Eastern Beach, which was fitted with a large tent over the water to ensure their privacy (Brownhill, 1990: 628). By 1853, a public meeting was called to form the Geelong Sea Bathing Company. Public subscriptions were issued at £5 each, and the company assured that the Government would issue permissive occupancy of a section of foreshore, subject to the building plans being approved. Works commenced at Eastern each in 1853, and the baths were opened in 1854. Bathing hours were segregated by sex, with ladies allocated the


period from 10am – 4pm, and gents the remaining hours, and were superintended by Mr and Mrs Pywell. Pressure from other competitor forced the company to consider another bath for exclusive ladies’ use in 1855 (Brownhill, 1990: 628). Other bathing facilities called the Town Baths had been established in Ryrie St near Yarra St in 1855, and were run by Archibald Syme. The facility offered hot or cold, fresh or salt water baths or showers every day of the week, with two days a week reserved for ladies (Brownhill, 1990: 628-9). In late 1855, a subscription was raised to establish the Western Beach Sea Bathing Company. The baths were designed by architects Backhouse and Reynolds, and work began at the Gulley (Griffins Gulley?) in 1856. A year later, another complex was planned further east for exclusive gents use, and the original baths were designated for Ladies only bathing (Brownhill, 1990: 629). In 1870, after initial opposition from the two original bathing companies (Western Beach and Sea Bathing Companies), Henry Fitzgerald built and opened the Victoria Baths at the end of Cavendish St (near the current Western Beach Boat Club Compound) (Brownhill, 1990: 629, 640). As competition increased, another baths complex was opened by the Geelong Sea Bathing Company in 1872, who also undertook alterations to their Ladies Baths facility (Brownhill, 1990: 629). In retaliation the two bathing companies at Western Beach combined their services in 1873, and the Victoria Baths were allocated for gents bathing, the Western Beach Gents Baths were allocated for ladies, and the former ladies baths were demolished (Brownhill, 1990: 629).Swimming clubs were formed at both ends of town, producing many champions (Brownhill, 1990: 629). The first Hot Sea Baths were introduced by the Geelong Sea Bathing Company at Eastern Beach in 1885, but failed as there was insufficient gas to heat the water. The problem was fixed within a month, the baths were being touted as cures for rheumatism, gout and aches and pains (Brownhill, 1990: 630). . The increased interest in the medicinal properties of hot water and mineral baths led to the proposed exploitation of the mineral springs at Eastern Beach by Donald McAndrew. The existence of the springs had been know for many years, and McAndrew proposed form a company to tap the springs to provide sufficient water for a bathing facility. The venture eventuated, due to local council opposition, but public interest in the springs was stimulated, and many people filled their water bottles from the springs located on the beach beyond Garden St. An analysis of the waters in 1895 revealed they had similar properties to the Seltzer Spa in Nassau, and that they had the potential to alleviate respiratory and digestive problems. The report recommended that they be protected from the invasion of seawater at high tides as well as surface drainage. In 1896, the Town


Council directed that fences and kiosk be placed around the springs, along with improved grounds. The popularity of the springs eventually declined, and by 1902 the kiosk shed was in disrepair. Although many attempts by various progress associations were made to revitalise the area, by 1955, the area had become largely disused. (Brownhill, 1990:630-33). The improvements to the Eastern Beach Foreshore and installation of the current swimming pools are attributable to the former Mayor Francis Ritchie who started the project in 1924/25 (Brownhill, 1990: 633). Defence With England at war in the Crimea, a petition was received by Mayor Bailie from residents, to address concerns that a hostile ship could easily hold Geelong to ransom. A public meeting was held in 1854, and resolved that a Rifle Corps should be raised to protect the town. Later that year a Rifle Corps Committee and a Rifle Club were formed, the latter object being to provide a similar service until a Corps was approved by the government. The first rifle practice meeting was held in May, on the ground east of the Botanical Gardens, and attracted 40 volunteers to Geelong’s first rifle club. The government approved the formation of the Geelong Rifle Corps shortly afterwards, and by 1855, members of the new service had been sworn in and were drilling through the streets. The service used a room in Southey’s Hotel in Yarra St to meet. As the Allied war campaign in the Crimea proved victorious, the ranks of the Corps swelled (Brownhill, 1990: 634-6). Further attempts were made to increase the defence forces from 1858-61. A volunteer Highland Regiment was proposed (and discounted), a Corps Rifle Club was formed, and a Cavalry regiment was suggested. By 1860, the first muster of the Cavalry volunteers was held at the Corio Cricket Ground, and became known as the Geelong Mounted Rifles and later as the Geelong Troop of Prince of Wales, Victorian Volunteer Light Horse (Brownhill, 1990: 636). By 1860 there were 169 members of the Geelong Rifle Corps (unmounted). By 1861, calls were made for an Artillery Regiment to be formed, and the next year the Rifle Corps had been transformed into the Royal Victorian Volunteer Artillery. The Corps were granted land for a parade ground east of the Presbyterian Church on Fenwick St between Little Mallop and Ryrie St, and a new drill hall was built in 1863. An Easter encampment at Geelong took place that year, and 1400 volunteers were housed on the eastern and western sides of the Botanic Gardens (Brownhill, 1990: 638, 641). At the end of Eastern Beach at the end of Bellarine St, platforms were constructed for the mounting of two 32 pound guns to be used for gunnery practice at targets moored or drifting in the bay. The Beach Battery construction in 1863 was superintended by Major W.H. Snee, and was seen as an important contribution to the defence of Geelong. A 68 pound gun was added in 1871. The battery was originally poorly mounted on an exposed beach, but were later moved further east near the Botanic Gardens with trees and a fence to screen them. Although 68 pound gun was used sporadically until the mid 1870s to fire


at a target 1600 yards away, the battery slowly became dilapidated and were disused. The guns were eventually removed to Western Beach (Cannon Park), The Botanic Gardens and in Kardinia Park (Brownhill, 1990: 639). A permanent Rifle Club was formed in 1865, and the first shooting match was held east of the Botanic Gardens at the butts (Brownhill, 1990: 639). The Rifle Club formed an important defence for the Geelong region. The government of the day deferred any major investment in defence at Geelong, as they anticipated any attack would be directed at Melbourne, and indicated that an invasion of Geelong could easily be diverted by the removal of the buoys marking the hard to find channel entrance. A mock battle was held in 1867, where defenders on Drumcondra Hill repelled invaders with the assistance of troops landed by the Victoria at Hutton’s Pier. A powder magazine had been erected on the hill overlooking the bay near Limeburners Point in 1854, and was used to store gunpowder from a number of firms in the town. Kegs of powder were delivered at the Magazine Jetty and carted to the domed magazine for storage on racks behind 2.5 ft thick brick walls. The magazine was used to supply the Beach Battery with explosives during its use. The facility ceased to be used after 1898 (Brownhill, 1990: 639). Fresh concerns about the safety of the port were raised in 1870 with the declaration of war between France and Prussia. The next year, the ironclad Cerberus entered service in the colony, allaying many fears about defence of the Port Phillip Colonies. The vessel visited Geelong that year, which anchored offshore from the Moorabool St Pier for three weeks. The amalgamation of the two Geelong Corps in 1873, established the Geelong Corps of the Royal Victorian Artillery, which moved to new quarters to the west of Moorabool St on McKillop St. Guns for the development of the Queenscliff defences were transported by road from Geelong, one requiring 15 horses to pull it. Links with Queenscliff were created when members of the Geelong Corps and Drysdale Artillery helped man the Queenscliff Fort. Four 80 pound and two 40 pound guns were in place, and were fired at a red flagged barrel moored 1800 yards offshore from the battery (Brownhill, 1990: 641-642). The Russian scare of the mid 1880s reached its height when tensions arose between Russia and England over an Afghanistan border dispute, and led to speculation in the colony about imminent warfare between the two nations. This led to an increased tendency towards improved fortifications around Port Phillip Bay, especially at the Heads, to provide defence against the increasing international arms race. The construction of the Popes Eye Fort was in full swing, and thirteen lighters were employed to transport stone form Point Wilson, to form the base of the new fort (Brownhill, 1990: 642).


Accidents occasionally occurred at the Queenscliff fort, and in 1891, a freak explosion blew the breach block off a 6 ton gun killing two people from the Geelong Regiment. The preparations for war also highlighted the need to look after the nations former veterans, and in 1891, a war veteran’s home was established in Drysdale (Brownhill, 1990: 643). The Orderly Room was transferred to a new site adjacent to the Supreme Court building in Myer St in 1898. By 1899, Britain was transporting men, horses and machinery to the Boer War in South Africa (Brownhill, 1990:644).

Chapter 7: Maritime Infrastructure Project Geelong: Recommendations

7. RECOMMENDATIONS

1) Heritage Register Proposals: The following sites are recommended for Heritage Register Listing a) Prison Hulk Mooring Ground Cowies Creek - Sacramento (H7721-0143) b) Fords Wharf/Corio Quay North (H7721-0144) c) Corio Freezing Works and Abattoir Wharf and Freezers/ Corio Quay South

Berth #1 (H7721-0147) d) Bulk Wheat Pier and Silos (H7721-0149) e) Cunningham/ Railway Pier (H7821-0175)/ Railway Pier Rail Siding (H7721-

0176) f) Yarra Pier (H7721-0195) g) Eastern Pier (H7721-0198) h) Pt Henry Signal Station (H7721-0413) i) Corio Bay Rowing Club/ Western Beach Boat Club Clubroom (H7721-0166) j) Geelong Harbour Trust Slipway under Royal Geelong Yacht (H7721-0200) k) Extend Walsh Jetties extent are to 250m radius (H7721-0008) l) Extend Osborne House Registration to include jetty, boatshed and baths

(H7721-0151) m) Extend Eastern Beach Baths Registration to include:

i) Hospital Drain/ Bellarine Drain (H7721-0206) ii) Beach Battery/ Norris Boatbuilder (H7721-0207) iii) Tait’s Boatbuilders (H7721-0209) iv) Unidentified (1864) Structures (H7721-0210) v) Blunts (Clement) Boatbuilders (H7721-0211) vi) Joy Ark (H7721-0212) vii) Anderson’s Baths (H7721-0213) viii) Geelong Sea Bathing Company Gents Baths (H7721-0216) ix) Geelong Sea Bathing Ladies Baths (H7721-0218) x) Eastern Beach Groynes (H7721-0208 & 0217) xi) Eastern Beach Bluestone Drain Outlet Disperser (H7721-0221) xii) Eastern Beach Seawall #5 (H7721-0220) xiii) Artificial Stone Manufacturer (H7721-0219) xiv) Eastern Beach Mineral Springs (H7721-0222) xv) Extend the registration area northwards to include Parkside Baths and

Groyne (H7721-0223) and Eastern Beach Seawall #6 (H7721-0224) n) Extend area of Limeburners Complex (H1288) at Limeburners Point to

include actual extent of Eastern Beach Limeburners Kilns, Huts (H7721-0228) and old pits (H7721-0003), and Limeburners Causeway (H7721-0003)

o) Convict Hulks Mooring Ground Eastern Beach & Limeburners Point – Sacramento & Success (H7721-0227)

p) Further investigation required for the powder magazine site before possible nomination (H7721-0402)

2) Heritage Precincts: The following areas are recommended for consideration as

heritage precincts. a) Point Henry to Point Lillias Maritime Precinct

i) Include piers, tearooms, signal station, archaic channels, channel marker piles, lightship moorings, signal station, shipwrecks, ballast station and quarries, both on and offshore,


b) Avalon Beach Fishing Village (H7721-0097) i) Include all slipways, and shacks, groynes

3) Heritage Inventory Sites: 138 sites are recommended for inclusion in the

Heritage Inventory. Where jetty, pier and wharf sites have been nominated, a 25m buffer zone should be placed around the former/ existing jetty structure, as previous studies have shown archaeological artefacts (from loss or discard) are also deposited on the seaward side of vessels that formerly used these facilities.

4) Local and Regional Government Planning Schemes: This study has identified

138 potential archaeological sites. Copies of this report and GIS coverage should therefore be made available to the City of Greater Geelong Council for inclusion in local government heritage planning overlays. A copy of this study will be provided to Parks Victoria in a GIS format compatible with their system. Copies of this report should also be distributed to interested stakeholder groups including: DNRE, DOI, VCA, PMA, Melbourne Port Corp, Melbourne Parks and Waterways, Vicroads, Vicrail, etc.

5) Sites Under Threat: The following sites were identified as facing imminent

threats to their fabric: Corio Bay Rowing Club (H7721-0166) Hutton’s harf (H7721-0153) 6) Further Investigation Required for the Barwon, Moorabool Rivers, Lake

Connewarre Region: Significant numbers of industrial, recreational and transport maritime infrastructure sites are known to exist in Geelong’s Rivers and lakes. Further archaeological and historical investigation of the Barwon and Moorabool Rivers, and Lake Connewarre is required.

7) Expansion of the Study Area and Continuation of Study

This study has identified 138 sites, and has therefore reinforced the necessity to continue the project as a pre-emptive management tool. Further fieldwork and historical research should be undertaken to identify record and assess these sites, and the study should be expanded to include maritime infrastructure sites around the entire state. The results of this database are already being accessed by stakeholders to guide development work, and therefore there is already a demonstrated need for continuation of this project. Therefore it is recommended that this study be expanded/ continued to produce a state-wide inventory of sites before significance of sites be assessed.

A number of development projects around the state are already threatening historic maritime infrastructure sites at:

The Western District Ports (eg Portland, Port Fairy, Warrnambool, Port Campbell),

Gippsland (Port Welshpool, Inverloch) Eastern Port Philip Bay (Mt Martha, Carrum) Queenscliff


Further work is also required in the Yarra, Barwon and Moorabool Rivers. The next phase of the study should focus on one of these areas, dependent on the funding source.

8) Inclusion of Maritime Infrastructure in Local Heritage Strategies

It is recommended that the investigation of maritime infrastructure heritage sites be included in local heritage overlay studies and local planning schemes. This would enable these sites to be considered when assessing local heritage values, which is not currently undertaken at this time. This could also open further funding opportunities for assessment of these sites, and continuation of this project.


9) Time Restraints/ Assistance/ Parks Victoria Secondment/ Internships

More time needs to be allocated to ensure adequate completion of any further stages of the project. The Geelong Region still requires further investigation, particularly of the river regions. The previous stage identified 255 new sites, and data was still being processed from that phase during the time allocated to Stage Two. It is conservatively estimated that large and economically active regions should be allocated a minimum of six months each (full time) to adequately identify and record all sites, and for subsequent data processing for the Heritage Inventory and Register. This estimated time might decrease accordingly as smaller townships are examined. Currently, it is unclear who is responsible for entering data into these formats – Maritime Heritage Unit or Permits Unit for entering into the Heritage Inventory. About half the Project Officers time in this was spent in finishing processing previous Stage One (Melbourne) sites into inventory forms etc, with assistance from an intern from Flinders University. It is suggested that these repetitive tasks could be undertaken by specifically employed project administrative personnel (on a casual basis) at a lower pay rate. This would enable the archaeologist to focus on more pressing heritage issues, thus increasing the productivity, economy and efficiency of the study. Additionally, the casual employee could also be recruited to assist in site surveys where required, further alleviating pressure on the Maritime Unit staff. Given that this project is a joint venture with Parks Victoria, it is suggested that the possibility of the secondment of a junior Parks Victoria Staff member be investigated, to assist the Project Officer when required. Alternatively, further internships or volunteer help should be sought to assist with the project.

10) Appointment of a Maritime Infrastructure Officer: There is already a pressing need for a position to be allocated to dealing with threats to maritime infrastructure. Some significant sites identified in Stage One were or already threatened and/or lost even before the project was complete. Quite some time was spent dealing with imminent threats to maritime infrastructure already identified in the previous stage (and with other threats from around the state) during the course of the Geelong study, which has detracted from main goals of this project (i.e. the systematic and thematic identification and documentation of sites, and the thematic classification of those sites). This is reflected in the incomplete nature of this report, and a thematic appraisal of the sites identified in the study region has not been undertaken.

The current chain of responsibility for response to immediate threats to maritime infrastructure sites is unclear, and/or those involved in the response network (i.e. terrestrial archaeologists) do not possess the skills to investigate some sites, particularly those that lie underwater. Maritime Heritage Unit Staff are currently fully employed dealing with shipwreck issues and research, and the terrestrial archaeology unit does not have the resources to undertake investigation of over half the sites. It is also unclear as to who has exact responsibility for the investigation of those sites that lie within the intertidal zone, or in reclamation. It is reasonable to expect that the Infrastructure Project Officer is the best person to deal with any imminent threats to those sites from development.


Given that a number of sites are under immediate threat of disturbance or destruction, it is recommended that funding be sought for either a consultant to be contracted, or a new position be created to examine and take responsibility for these issues, and to continue the compilation of the maritime infrastructure database for Victoria. The person responsible should possess both terrestrial and maritime archaeological skills, commercial diving and boating qualifications, and a working knowledge of GIS database construction. It is recommended that a Project Officer be appointed full time to address both sides of the project (i.e. systematic recording of sites, and Heritage Management Issues). It is proposed that three days (a week) be allocated to pre-emptive site management research, and two days (weekly) for emergency site response management issues, and that this schedule be rigidly adhered to prevent any further delays in the project.

11) State and/ or National Dictionary/ Database of Standardised Maritime

Infrastructure Terminology: Consideration should be given to the establishment of either a state and/or national committee to investigate the standardisation of terminology used in relation to the recording and analysis of maritime infrastructure databases. Several Victorian Departments/ Agencies (Heritage Victoria, Parks Victoria, National Parks, Ports Corp, Vic Road/ Rail, Melbourne Parks and Waterways etc) and a number of Australian maritime archaeology heritage agencies have begun to focus on the identification, recording and assessment of maritime infrastructure sites. Given the problems experienced in the past with the attempted synthesis of many different shipwreck databases at a national level, the problems of repeated and multiple site recording and/or exclusion, and the requirement for increased compatibility between departmental records, it would be advisable to investigate the establishment of a state/ national standard for an standardised terminology before the database become too large.

12) Steering Committee Continuation: Continue/ Establish a committee/ steering

committee of other interested stakeholders to identify other sources/ data opportunities/ needs to direct the project

13) Improved Links between MHU and Archaeology: Given the diverse expertise

required to document many of the infrastructure sites (both under and above water), it is proposed that greater links be forged between the Maritime Heritage Unit and the Historic archaeologists of Heritage Victoria and other institutions such as Universities. Any coastal fieldwork proposed by either of the archaeological units should consider joint investigations of coastal maritime infrastructure in that area, which would offer benefits through fieldwork cost reductions to both units.

14) Heritage trails: The accumulation of infrastructure sites offers an opportunity to

establish numerous heritage trails along the foreshore regions similar to the historic shipwreck trails. Opportunities should be investigated for further funding via cooperative projects with community groups such as local historical societies or avocational archaeology groups.

15) Data sources: Private collections, historical societies and sporting clubs and

other sources of data are canvassed to aid inventory compilation.


16) Oral History Collection: Any further continuation of this project should also

endeavour to collect local knowledge and oral histories through interviews of long term local residents. These people often retain a wealth of knowledge of local social history that often has not previously been recorded, and in some cases is in danger of being lost with the passing of these informants.

17) Joint Copying Projects: Investigate cooperative joint data sharing and copying

project to scan plans, charts and other plans held by individual agencies. 18) GIS Geo-referencing Project: Use the results of this project to establish a GIS

project for geo-referencing historic plans and sailing directions to provide baseline data for further work. This project should also identify the location of channel markers, piles, buoys, dolphins and lights, which have not been covered by this initial survey.

19) Emergency Response Procedures: Consideration should also be given to the

requirements and procedures required for an emergency response /investigation of threatened sites, and the consideration of a multidisciplinary team who could undertake the investigation at short notice. Establishment of responsibility for coordinating emergency investigation of sites also needs to be determined.

20) Education and Enforcement: The education officer will be given a copy of this

report, and the results should be publicised to increase community awareness of the project and the importance of maritime infrastructure sites. The enforcement officers will also be briefed on the projects findings for consideration in their investigations.

21) Site Significance Assessment: The original brief requested that the significance

of each site be assessed, but this has not been attempted beyond investigation of the archaeological potential of each site. It was felt that any attempt to assess significance prior to the compilation of a holistic inventory of archaeological maritime infrastructure sites from many regions would be premature, and could result in a prejudicial bias of Heritage listed sites in the initial study area. Therefore significance statements have been limited to inclusion in the regional themes identified by Barnard. However, there were several distinct cases however where sites were immediately identified as being of state heritage significance and these sites have been outlined above. However, some new sites that have been placed on the inventory may also be of heritage significance, but this may not become obvious until a more complete state inventory of sites has been catalogued. Therefore it should be noted that non inclusion of a site in this study on the heritage register does not deem it to be insignificant. Further work is required before the significance for some sites will become clear.

22) Funding Opportunities: Investigate further funding opportunities for

establishing a position to continue inventory compilation and to undertake fieldwork, especial preference given to people with GIS experience, archaeological background.


23) Non Foreshore Maritime Infrastructure: This study has by necessity been restricted to sites located in the immediate littoral region. It is recognised that many other features such as hotels, missions, flagstaffs, customs houses, warehouses, coal depots, railways and a plethora of other types of features all fall within the brief as maritime infrastructure sites. However, due to the vast quantity of sites encountered, this study has only investigated sites that fall on the immediate foreshore area. Therefore, further work is required to investigate, record and assess other onshore thematic maritime sites that have not been covered during this study. It is therefore recommended that further work be undertaken to identify other maritime infrastructure sites located further back from the foreshore, along with existing places listed within the Heritage Register, National Estate and National Trust listings which may collectively contribute to the significance of the regional maritime heritage landscape.

24) Navigational Devices: Individual navigation structures such a buoys, piles and

dolphins shown in historical sources have not been included in this study, as there were too many individual features to adequately record in the time allocated. These navigation markers often leave tangible archaeological remains, and can be used to identify past landscape routes. Although the dredged channel approaches (which are marked by navigational beacons) which were indicated on an 1894 chart have been included, further work is required to document these types of features.

25) River and Navigable Creek Areas: This study has shown that river regions also

demonstrate significant maritime infrastructure development. It is therefore recommended that any further studies should investigate the riverine and major creek regions. Further study is also recommended for the Yarra and Moonee Ponds Valleys, given that recreational and industry infrastructure sites present in the Maribyrnong will probably have been replicated there.

26) Remote Sensing of Sites: Many potential archaeological sites have been

identified to probably exist under current land reclamation. This presents an opportunity to initiate joint cooperative research projects with academic institutions that possess major remote sensing equipment to jointly search for these sites. This proposal could provide the basis for future postgraduate research projects, benefiting both the heritage planning agencies and University involved. It is therefore suggested that further cooperative ties be established between James Cook University (who have an extensive remote sensing instrument collection), or other local Universities to investigate the feasibility of this proposal.

Chapter 8: Maritime Infrastructure Project Geelong: Conclusion

473

8. CONCLUSION Through this study, the Maritime Heritage Unit of Heritage Victoria has documented 138 additional archaeological sites for inclusion on the Victorian Heritage Inventory. It has been demonstrated that a diverse range of maritime infrastructure sites still exist in the Melbourne metropolitan region, which are of considerable heritage significance to the State’s development, and that some sites are already at threat from development. This study has developed a strategy for the investigation of maritime infrastructure and identified further works required to document this valuable resource. It is recommended that, subject to further funding considerations, that the project be continued to document historic maritime infrastructure state-wide, and that the results of these studies be incorporated into heritage management strategies.

Chapter 9: Maritime Infrastructure Project Geelong: Bibliography

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G76, deGuchy, H.G. and Co., 1848, Port Phillip District, District Parish Plan, Colonial Map Depot G76, Hoddle, R., 1848, Plan of Allotments in North Geelong, County of Grant, Sydney Map Office Map G/12 G78, 1838, Plan of Town of Geelong 1838, Sydney Map Office Map G/15 G78, Hoddle, 1838, Geelong Township Plan G78, Hoddle, 1838 G80, c. 1854, Geelong County of Grant, Victoria G80, Taylor, I. H., 1854, Map of Geelong City from a Survey by I.H. Taylor, Surveyor G81, Sketch Map – Geelong Victoria, Geelong South J55M Northern Half, Geelong Military Survey Map, June 1915 G87, Hoddle, R., 1851,Moorpanyal Parish, Plan of the Subdivision of Suburban Allotment No. 11, Section XI, Sydney Survey Office, Shows coper mine and quarry site G89, Hoddle, 1850, Plan of Section No. XXXVIII. XXXIX & XL, Township of Geelong, G90, Hoddle, R., 1849, Breakwater Plan of Allotments within the Township Boundary of Geelong on Barwon River Below the Breakwater, Sydney Survey Office G95, Lands Department, 1881, Town of Geelong, Parish of Corio, County Grant, Melbourne: Lands and Surveys Department Plan C/2, I Noone (?), 1/5/1881 G102, Hoddle, R., 1851, Plan of Subdivision of sections No. 51-54, Town of Geelong, County of Grant, Sydney Map Office Map G/ 11 6281 G106, Cox, H. L. 1933, (1864, corrected to 1933), Australia South Coast, Geelong Harbour, London: Hydrographic Office, Admiralty. G111, 1856, Map of Geelong, Compiled From Most Authentic Sources, DeGruchey and Leigh Sc G113, 1946, Aerial view of Geelong from Corio to Belmont, G113, Geelong Aerial Photo Map Oct 1946 G119, c. 1853, Eastern Extension (Numerous allotments bounded by Garden St and Victoria Terrace East


G121, Hooke, 1881, Town of Geelong, parish of Corio, County of Grant, Lands and Survey Department Plan L6066. G134 Public Lands Office, 1858, Town of Geelong G135, The Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners. Corio Quay Freezing Works. Elevation of Building For Cooling and Rabbit Grading, c. 1909 G138, July 1941, Tourist Map, Geelong. Publicity and Tourist Services, Victorian Railways, Melbourne G143, Tourist Map of Geelong and District, 1933, Crown Lands Department Plan G145, Geelong City Council, 1974, City of Geelong, G153a, Shaw, 1850, Map of the Town and Suburbs of Geelong, Comprising The Lands and Parishes of Bellarine, Barabool, Duneed, Moolap, Bellarine, and Paywitt, Together with the Bar and the Proposed Improvements, By Barrat Shaw, 1850. G154, Cox 1864, Corrected to 1914, Geelong Harbour, London: Hydrographic Office Admiralty G164, Public Lands Office, 1875, Town of Geelong G165, Geelong and Suburbs, Broadbents No. 180, Street Plan of Geelong and Suburbs, c. 1960, Geelong: The Paul Hamlyn Group G 167, McHardy’s Publications, c. 1970s, Geelong, Victoria Australia, Geelong Street Map, McHardy’s Publications. G178, Geelong, Shrimpton and Co, 1950s, Reproduced by Permission of Geelong Water and Sewerage Trust G183, Skene, 1851, Plan of Town Park and Public Gardens, Geelong G205 – 230, Geelong Water Board, 1917-1970 G 227, Geelong Water Board, Jan 1917, Newtown and Chilwell, Detailed Plan No. 137 G274, Geelong District Map, 1951 to 1962 G278, GHTC, 1927, Part of City of Geelong, Parish of Corio, County of Paywitt G280, 1916, Geelong City Sites, Will Be Sold At Auction on The Properties, On Thursday, 6th July, 1916 at 2.30pm, Auction Notice, Hendy, Leary and Co. G285, Thomas, 1864, Town of Geelong, Melbourne: Public Lands Office G288, 1897, Street Plan of Geelong and Suburbs


G291, c.1977, Geelong, Victoria, Australia, Geelong: McHardy’s Publications. G305, Goldstone, F.G., 1932, Proposed Dressing Shed at Barwon Heads, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners G307, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1907, Jetties at Barwon Heads: Jetty 1907, Sections and Elevations G307, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1911, Proposed Small Boat Jetty at End of Ozone Road (constructed 1911) G308, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, c1910, Proposed Beacon for AGA Lights G308, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1937, Gas House for Channel Beacons G308, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1941, Beacons In Gunnery Range, RAAF G309, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, nd, Gas Buoy G309, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, nd, Temporary Buoy to Show Alteration Necessary to Install AGA Light G309, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, nd, Pt Richards Buoy G311, McKenzie, A.C., 1912, Office for Howard Smith and Co Ltd, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners G318, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1906, Plan of Portable Magazine G319, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1908, Design for Spring Tip Dray G321, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1925, Plan of Corio Quay, North Geelong, Photo Lithographed at Department of Lands and Survey Melbourne G322, D’Ebro, C. A., 1909, Corio Quay Freezing Works and Abattoirs (19 plans) G325, Tindale, 1935, Proposed Curve of North East End of Harbour Trust Land G326, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1963, Lascelles and Kings Wharf Area Drawn from Survey Made by GHT Hydrographic Surveyor Office G327, McKenzie, A.C., 1913, Boat Sheds, Barwon Heads, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners G329, McKenzie, A.C., 1910, Public Bathing Boxes at Barwon Heads, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners,


G330, McKenzie, A.C., 1913, Bathing Boxes, Barwon Heads, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners G335, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1932, Plan Showing Area Vested in Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, Township of Barwon Heads G336, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1927, Proposed Bridge at Mouth of Barwon River G337, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, c. 1925, Plan of Pontoon for Mouth of Barwon River G338, Larkin, J. W., 1925, Plan of Mouth of Barwon River Showing Proposed Crossing for Punt and Road Access, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners G339, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, c. 1920s, Barwon River, Section Plans of the Barwon River at Northern Boundary Rd, Talbot Ave, Ozone Rd, Barwon Heads Rd showing Soundings G340, McKenzie, A.C., 1906, Plan of Proposed Cargo Shed on Moorabool St Pier, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, G341, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, c.1920s, Cargo Shed for Moorabool St Pier G344, Larkin, J.P., 1928, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, Provisional Plan of Port of Geelong Showing Soundings Taken in May 1928 and Proposed Areas to be Dredged, Limeburners Point to Pt Richards G345, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1905, Geelong Harbour Improvements, Proposed Widening and Deepening of Hopetoun Channel and Extension of Wilson’s Spit G347, 1927, City of Geelong, County of Grant, Plan L 5359, (Probable Lands Department Plan) G348, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1939, Corio Quay District Plan No. 150/4. G349, 1929, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, Plan of Foreshore, Griffins Gulley to Victoria St Plan No 117/1 G350, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1954, Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust Plan of Drainage for the Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, City of Geelong, Harbour Trust Workshops at Rippleside G351, Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust, 1925, Locality Plan Logs pond Area G354, Thacker, H., 1906, Plan of Town Common Subdivided for Leasing Blocks, Sale Notice and Plan, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners


G 357, nd, Waterworks and Sewerage Trust, Detail Plan No. 33 G360, c. 1895, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, Plan of Railway Pier Showing Length of Wharf When Dredged, Plan No 11111 G360, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1895, Additional Berthing Accommodation at Railway Pier G360, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1898, Dredging Line and Wall Reclamations at Railway Pier G360, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1927, Railway Pier Cross Section at Pier 10 G363, 1939, The Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners: Logpond Cowies Creek - South Bank Extension, Goldstone, Engineer 21/11/1939, Plan No 1569/4 G364, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, c. 1935, Cowies Creek Weir G365, Goldstone, F.G., 1935, Bridge over Cowies Creek, Corio Bay, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners G374, Oliver, H.G., 1919, Shire of Corio, Outfall of Stormwater Sewer, North Geelong, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners G 375, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1914, Stormwater Sewer Outfall and Drop Shafts, Drumcondra Sheet G377, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1939, Corio Quay G378, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1946, Corio Quay District, Plan No 7245 G379, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1948, Southern Foreshore Coal Siding, Huddart Parker and Co. G381, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1944, Waterside Labour Bureau, Moorabool St, and Huddart Parker and Co. Shed G381, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1944, Huddart Parker and Co. Shed G382, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1910, Plan of Portion of Foreshore, Town of Geelong, Limeburners Jetty to Bellarine St and Sea Bathing Buildings G384, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1939, Plan of Log pond and Corio Quay, Plan No 1568 G385, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, c. 1938, Extension of Channel through the Log Pond


G386, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1929, Retaining Wall, Rippleside, Plan No 311 (4102) G387, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1914, Truck for Rippleside and Portarlington Wharf G387, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1898, Soundings Taken Around Railway Wharf, Moorabool St Wharf, Yarra St Wharf, and Small Craft Jetty No 13 G 388, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, c. 1900, Map of Geelong Bar, Based on Hartell M. Garrards survey of 1848 G 389, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1938-40, Plan of Southern Foreshore West of Cunningham Pier, Plan 7235 G 389, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1938-40, Plan of Southern Foreshore Western Half, Plan No 7212, 24/3/1937 G 389, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1938-40, Plan of Foreshore Osborne House to Huttons Wharf, Plan 7233 G 389, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1938-40, Plan of Western Foreshore Plan No 150/3, 8/7/1940 (2 plans) G 389, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1938-40, Foreshore Parish of Murtcain G 389, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1938-40, Feature Survey of Foreshore, Parish of Moorpanyal, County of Grant G394, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1909, Corio Quay Freezing Works and Abattoirs G397, VR North Geelong: Plan Showing Existing Layout of Sidings etc on the Geelong Harbour Trust’s Property Corio Quay, c1918 G398, Victorian Railways, North Geelong, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, Ballard, E., 1918 G401, Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, 1910, Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust of Drainage for the Geelong Harbour Trust Commissioners, Municipality of Corio, Abattoirs at Corio Quay and Alterations to Slaughter House G401, Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust, c. 1910 G402, 1-3, C.W. & S.T., Proposed Route of Eastern Interceptor Sewer Etc, North Shore, 5/8/1926, Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust, 1926-28, North Shore Sewers


G403, Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust, 1924, City of Geelong G408, 1925, North Shore and Corio, 10/6/1925 G403, Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust, Detail Plan No. 34, Municipality, City of Geelong G410, Lands Department, 1908, Plan of Subdivision of Belmont Common, Parishes of Corio and Connewarre, County Grant, Plan 6948 G420, Melbourne Electric Supply Company, 1920-1942, Engine Room (7 plans) G446, Shrimpton and Son, c. 1930s, Geelong, Street Map of Geelong and Suburbs, Reproduced by Permission of Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust G448, 1872, Town of Geelong, Plan of Subdivision of Improved Lands, Plan L4390 G449, c 1850s, North Geelong. Plan of area between Latrobe and Victoria Terraces I4: Saltworks Tramway along Wilson Road (GET) L11, nd, Lighthouse Estate, Sale Notice and Plan L11, 1924, Lighthouse Estate, Sale Notice and Plan P6, Aug, 1923, Pakington St Extension Estate, Sale Notice and Plan P12, Lands Department, 1876, Portarlington Township Plan P18, nd, Point Lonsdale Township Map, Pinney Map P40, c. mid 1950s, Broadbent Maps, No 355, Northern Port Phillip Bay and Geelong Harbour, Southern and Northern Chart, Maps 353B and 355 B P42, Port Phillip Admiralty Chart, Corrected to 1945 P 57, Port Phillip Country, Rough Sketch of The Port Phillip District, Showing Names and Areas of Stations Taken Up in 1837 and 1838 P59, 1885, Point Henry Estate, Sale Notice and Plan P67, McDonald and Garrard, 1849, Port Phillip Coast, Surveyed Plan Showing Western Coast from Pt Lonsdale to Melbourne P70, Tuckey, 1804, Port Phillip Bay P 74, Wells, W. H., 1840, New Map of Port Phillip Showing Towns of Melbourne and Geelong, also the Situation and Extent of Purchased Lands, Facsimile R58, State Aerial Survey, 1954 St Leonards 1:25000


S11, nd, Seashore estate, Sale Notice and Plan S7, 1928, Spray Farm, Sale Notice and Plan S 13, Jan 1924, St Leonards, Land Sale Notice and Plan S18, Holden G. F., Oct 1910, St Helens Estate, Sale Notice Plan, A/C S21, 1928, Spray Farm, Sale Notice and Plan S36, Thacker, nd (c. 1910), St Helens Dwelling House and Building Allotments. V128, Geological Survey of Victoria, 1861, V129, Geological Survey of Victoria, 1861, No. 23 SW, Part of Murtcaim V131, Geological Survey of Victoria, 1861, Paywitt Parish V132, Geological Survey of Victoria, 1861, Paywitt Parish V139, Geological Survey of Victoria, 1861, Swan Bay Parish V141, Geological Survey of Victoria, 1861, No 24 NE ,Gheringhap Parish V162, Crofts, 1841, A New Map of Port Phillip Compiled from the Latest Authorities with a Plan of Melbourne and Geelong, Reprint for RMIT 1987 Centenary.

Geelong Maritime Museum Ferguson, Charles, 1851, Chart of Soundings on Geelong Bar Taken at Low Water by Charles Ferguson , Harbour Master 1851, Drawn by H.M. Garrard (Surveyor), Lloyd Chambers, Geelong, 12th July 1854. Public Records Office PRO RFCL 1640, 1880, Geelong, County of Grant, 8/5/1880

State Library of Victoria Coastal Survey Series (CS) Henry, Commander, 1864, Corio Bay or Geelong Inner Harbour, CS29, Coastal Survey Series, State Library of Victoria Collection


Chapter 10: Maritime Infrastructure Project Geelong: Appendices

Appendix One: Alphabetical Listing of Maritime Infrastructure Sites Modern Alcoa Refinery Pier, Conveyor and Silos modern Alexander Thompson Jetty modern Alexander Thompson Pier H7721-0213 Andersons Bathing House H7721-0201 Anglers Club H7721-0219 Artificial Stone Manufacturer/ Hayes Patent Stone Manufactory H7721-0219 Artificial Stone Manufacturer/ Hayes Patent Stone Manufactory Building H7721-0170 Ausport Marine Pier H7721-0170 Ausport Marine Slipway and Traverse H7721-0170 Ausport Marine Timber Boat Ramp H7721-0099 Austins Baths and Pier H7721-0099 Austins Pier Abutment Rubble H7721-0098 Austins Sewerage or Stormwater Outfall Cesspit modern Australian Volunteer Coastguard modern Avalon Beach Boat Ramp modern Avalon Beach Boat Ramp Pier H7721-0097 Avalon Beach Fishermens Mooring Area H7721-0097 Avalon Beach Fishermens Village H7721-0097 Avalon Beach Fishermens Village Anglers Club Slipway and Ramp H7721-0097 Avalon Beach Fishermens Village Groyne H7721-0097 Avalon Beach Fishermens Village Iron Slipway Cradle on Wheels H7721-0097 Avalon Beach Fishermens Village Shacks H7721-0207 Beach Battery H7721-0203 Bellarine St Pier H7721-0166 Billy Blunts Slipway/Barrows Slipway/ Western Beach Boat Club Slipway H7721-0092 Bird Rock Ballast Station H7721-0138 Bird Rock Beacon H7721-0211 Blunts (Clement) Boat Builders H7721-0211 Blunts (Clement) Boat Builders Jetty H7721-0211 Blunts (Clement) Boat Builders Slipway H7721-0421 Boat Channel H7721-0421 Boat Channel H7721-0228 Bouchers Hut H7721-0228 Bouchers Hut H7721-0228 Bouchers Hut H7721-0228 Bouchers Lime Kiln H7721-0228 Bouchers Lime Kiln Site?? - Brick Scatter H7721-0228 Bouchers Lime Quarry ? H7721-0228 Bourchier Rubble Road H7721-0149 Bulk Wheat Pier H7721-0228 Cakebreads Hut H7721-0228 Cakebreads Huts H7721-0228 Cakebreads Lime Burning Lease H7721-0228 Cakebreads Lime Burning Lease H7721-0228 Cakebreads Lime Kiln H7721-0228 Cakebreads Lime Kiln H7721-0181 Central Geelong Seawall and Land Reclamation H1157 Cheethams Saltworks (Moolap)


H7721-0096 Cheethams Saltworks Avalon H7721-0090 Cochs Boatbreakers H7721-0183 Compass Adjusting Buoy H7721-01 Corio Bay Rowing Club H7721-0166 Corio Bay Rowing Club Pier/ Blunts (Billy) Boatyard Pier / Barrows Boatyard Pier

H7721-0166 Corio Bay Rowing Club/ Billy Blunts Boatbuilders/Barrows Boat Yard/ Western Beach Boat Club

H7721-0166 Corio Bay Rowing Club/ Western Beach Boat Club modern?? Corio Bay Sailing Clubrooms and Sheds H7721-0135 Corio Channel #8 Pile Light H7721-0135 Corio Channel Marker #5 H7721-0135 Corio Channel Marker #6 H7721-0147 Corio Freezing Works and Abbatoir Freezing Rooms H7721-0147 Corio Freezing Works and Abbatoir Wharf H7721-0144 Corio Quay North #1 & 2 H7721-0144 Corio Quay North #3 H7721-0147 Corio Quay South Berth #2 H7721-0148 Cresco Fertilizer Jetty H7721-0204 Customs House #2 H7721-0204 Customs House #2 / Telegraph Office #1, Harbour Masters Office #1 H7721-0179 Customs House Reserve #3 H7721-0174 Customs Reserve for Goods Shed H7721-0192 Customs Sheds/ Harbour Masters Office Distillers Corporation Buildings H7721-0131 Duck Ponds Limeburners H7721-0228 Dyers Lime Burning Lease H0929 Eastern Beach Baths H7721-0221 Eastern Beach Bluestone Drain Outlet Disperser H7721-0225 Eastern Beach Ceramic Pipe Drain and Brick Outlet Support H7721-0208 Eastern Beach Groyne #1 H7721-0217 Eastern Beach Groyne #2 H7721-0228 Eastern Beach Lime Burners Hut H7721-0228 Eastern Beach Lime Burners Quarry H7721-0228 Eastern Beach Lime Burners Quarry H7721-0228 Eastern Beach Lime Burners Quarry H7721-0228 Eastern Beach Lime Burners Structural Rubble H7721-0228 Eastern Beach Lime Burning Lease H7721-0228 Eastern Beach Lime Burning Lease H7721-0228 Eastern Beach Lime Burning Quarry H7721-0228 Eastern Beach Lime Kiln H7721-0228 Eastern Beach Lime Kiln H7721-0222 Eastern Beach Mineral Spring #1 H7721-0222 Eastern Beach Mineral Spring #2 H7721-0205 Eastern Beach Seawall #1 H7721-0220 Eastern Beach Seawall #5 H7721-0224 Eastern Beach Seawall #6 H7721-0210 Eastern Beach Unknown Structure #1 H7721-0210 Eastern Beach Unknown Structure #2 H7721-0192 Electric Supply Company Jetty - position approx Electric Telegraph Station #2 H7721-0196 Fishermans Harbour


modern Fishermans Harbour Breakwater modern Fishermans Harbour Pier H7721-0196 Fishermans Harbour Seawall modern Fishermans Harbour Walkway H7721-0196 Fishermans Jetty / Fishermans Arm H7721-0142 Fletchers Pier H7721-0144 Fords Pier H1085 Geelong Customs House #1/ Telegraph Station #1 H7721-0130 Geelong Grammar School Baths H7721-0130 Geelong Grammar School Boat Shed H7721-0130 Geelong Grammar School Boathouse and Pier H7721-0130 Geelong Grammar School Boatramp H7721-0200 Geelong Harbour Trust / Customs Boat Shed H7721-0200 Geelong Harbour Trust Slipway H7721-0194 Geelong Harbour Trust Store Yard H7721-0202 Geelong Morgue H7721-0169 Geelong Nautical Centre Chandlery/ Lew marine Boat Builders H7721-0169 Geelong Nautical Centre/Lew Marine Boat Repairs H7721-0169 Geelong Nautical Centre/Lew Marine Pier H7721-0169 Geelong Nautical Centre/Lew Marine slipway modern Geelong Port Social Club H7721-0172 Geelong Public Bathing House/ Jackson and Rays Bathing House H7721-0403 Geelong Rifle Range H7721-0216 Geelong Sea Bathing Company H7721-0216 Geelong Sea Bathing Company Gents H7721-0216 Geelong Sea Bathing Company Gents Baths Shore Pavillion H7721-0218 Geelong Sea Bathing Company Ladies Baths H7721-0216 Geelong Sea Bathing Company Promenade H1527 Geelong Telegraph Office and Timeball Tower modern Geelong Trailable Yacht Club H7721-0204 Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust Pumping Station House H7721-0203 Geelong Yacht Club Club House #1 H7721-0203 Geelong Yacht Club Jetty and Pens/ Bellarine Pier

H7721-0161 Glenleith Avenue Jetty H7721-0215 Government Immigration Depot H7721-0149 Grain Elevators Board Silos, Warehouses and Convetors modern? Grammar School Lagoon Boat Ramp modern Griffins Gulley Jetty H7721-0200 Harbour Boat Shed / Customs Boat Shed/Geelong arbour Trust Boat Shed and Slipway H7721-0204 Harbour Masters Office # 1 H7721-0204 Harbour Masters Office 1893 H7721-0094 Heaths Oyster Farm H7721-0094 Heaths Oyster Midden H7721-0168 Hicks Brothers Marine H7721-0168 Hicks Brothers Marine Former Offices H7721-0168 Hicks Brothers Marine Slipway, Traverse and Winch Shed H7721-0424 Hopetoun Channel H7721-0206 Site Hospital Drain/ Bellarine Drain


H7721-0185 Howard Smith and Company H7721-0185 Howard Smith and Company Coal Yard H7721-0182 Huddart Parker Offices, Coal Yard and Sheds

H7721-0153 Huttons Wharf/ Rippleside Shipyard and Slipway/ Rippleside Geelong Harbour Trust Workshops

H7721-0153 Huttons Wharf/Pier H7721-0133 Incitec Pivot Fertilisers and Conveyor H7721-0141 International Harvester Water Coolant Intake Pipe Pier and Outlet Pipe H7721-0212 Joy Ark H7721-0132 Kings Wharf H7721-0408 Kossaks Jetty H7721-0129 Lagoon Boat Club Clubrooms, Slipway and Hard H7721-0129 Lagoon Boat Club Mooring Area H7721-0129 Lagoon Boat Club Pier and Boat Ramp H7721-0129 Lagoon Boat Club Slipway H7721-0134 Landboomers Jetty/ Pivot Pier H7721-0133 Lascelles Wharf modern? Limeburners Bay Boat Shed and Storage modern? Limeburners Bay Boat Shed and Storage Boat Ramp H7721-0100 Limeburners Bay Fence Posts Piles H7721-0400 Limeburners Jetty H7721-0003 Limeburners Point Causeway H7721-0003 Limeburners Point Lime Kilns H7721-0402 Limeburners Point Powder Magazine H7721-0003 Limeburners Point Structure Foundation H7721-0400 Magazine Jetty H7721-0187 McGlashan Boatbuilders (position approx) H7721-0186 McIlwraith and McEachran and Company Coal Yard modern Moorabool Basin H7721-0139 Moorpanyal Park Drain Outlet Disperser H7721-0137 Moorpanyal Park Shell Midden H7721-0136 Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform # 12 H7721-0136 Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #1 H7721-0136 Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #10 H7721-0136 Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #11 H7721-0136 Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #13 H7721-0136 Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #14 H7721-0136 Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #2 H7721-0136 Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #3 H7721-0136 Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #4 H7721-0136 Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #5 H7721-0136 Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #6 H7721-0136 Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #7 H7721-0136 Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #8 H7721-0136 Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #9 Modern New Bulk Wheat Pier H7721-0061 New Jetty/ Steamboat Pier/ Moorabool Pier H7721-0189 New Pier/ Steampacket Jetty/Steamboat Pier/ Steamboat Jetty H7721-0207 Norris Boat Builders Norris Boat Builders Jetty


H7721-0207 Norris Boat Builders Slipway H7721-0423 North Channel H7721-0093 North Channel Lightship H7721-0140 North Shore Baths Changing Rooms H7721-0140 North Shore Baths Seawall H7721-0003 Old Limeburners Point Lime Pits H7721-0145 Oriental Timber Mill Log Pond H7721-0151 Osborne House Boatshed H7721-0151 Osborne House Jetty H1101 Osborne House Naval College H7721-0223 Parkside Swimming Pool H7721-0223 Parkside Swimming Pool Groyne #1 H7721-0223 Parkside Swimming Pool Groyne #2 H7721-0414 Pilots Jetty H7721-0214 Pilots Reserve Cottages H7721-0420 Point Henry (East) Bluestone Blocks and Mooring Posts H7721-0420 Point Henry (East) Bluestone Blocks, Groynes and Mooring Posts H7721-0415 Point Henry (Quarantine?) Jetty H7721-0404 Point Henry (West) Bluestone Groyne Scatter H7721-0405 Point Henry (West) Hard or Rubbish Dump H7721-0407 Point Henry (West) Timber Groyne #1 H7721-0407 Point Henry (West) Timber Groyne #2 H7721-0407 Point Henry (West) Timber Groyne #3 H7721-0407 Point Henry (West) Timber Groyne #4 H7721-0407 Point Henry (West) Timber Groyne #5 H7721-0407 Point Henry (West) Timber Groyne #6 H7721-0419 Point Henry Anchorage H7721-0406 Point Henry Land Reclamation/ Erosion Control H7721-0412 Point Henry Quarantine Station

H7721-0413 Point Henry Signal Station H7721-0418 Point Henry Trig Beacon H7721-0402 Powder Magazine H7721-0401 Preliminary Marble Company Quarry H7721-0143 Prison Hulk Moorings Cowies Creek - Sacramento H7721-0227 Prison Hulk Moorings Limeburners Point- Sacramento and Success H7721-0170 Professional Fishermens Slipway/ Vicsail/ Ausport Marine Boat Maintenance Yard H7721-0089 Pt Lillias Fishtrap H7721-0015 Pt Lillias Quarry H7721-0015 Pt Lillias Quarry H7721-0095 Pt Lillias Trig Beacon H7721-0194 Public Works Slipway H7721-0198 Queens Wharf/ Stoney Jetty/ Eastern Jetty/ Customs Wharf or Jetty/ Eastern Pier H7721-0175 Railway Pier H7721-0175 Railway Pier / Cunningham H7721-0176 Railway Pier Railway Siding modern Refinery Pier modern Rippleside Anchor Display H7721-0155 Rippleside Baths Changing Rooms H7721-0155 Rippleside Baths Retaining Wall and Gardens/ Changeroom Area


modern? Rippleside Culvert Outlet Training Walls H7721-0154 Rippleside Front Lead Marker H7721-0153 Rippleside Geelong Harbour Trust Slipway and Dolphins H7721-0153 Rippleside GHT Crane H7721-0155 Rippleside Groyne #1 H7721-0155 Rippleside Groyne #2 H7721-0155 Rippleside Groyne #3 H7721-0157 Rippleside Jetty modern Rippleside Park Memorial and Lamppost Base modern Rippleside Pier H7721-0155 Rippleside Pipe Outlet Groyne #1 H7721-0154 Rippleside Rear Lead Marker H7721-0158 Rippleside Seawall (Type 1) H7721-0158 Rippleside Seawall Type #3 H7721-0158 Rippleside Seawall Type #4 H7721-0158 Rippleside Seawall Type 2 H7721-0156 Rippleside Unidentified Pier Piles H7721-0203 Royal Geelong Yacht Club H7721-0203 Royal Geelong Yacht Club Cadet Dinghy Slipway H7721-0203 Royal Geelong Yacht Club Clubhouse #2/ Cadet Squadron Clubhouse modern Royal Geelong Yacht Club Hard modern Royal Geelong Yacht Club Land Reclmation modern Royal Geelong Yacht Club Pier, Boat Pens and Breakwater H7721-0203 Royal Geelong Yacht Club Slipway modern Royal Geelong Yacht Club Small Boat Ramps H7721-0203 Royal Geelong Yacht Club Yacht Tender Ramp H7721-0178 Sailors Rest #1 H7721-0177 Sailors Rest #2 H7721-0180 Sailors Rest #3 modern Shell Refinery Coolant Water Intake Culvert modern Shell Refinery Coolant Water Outlet Culvert modern Shell Refinery Coolant Water Outlet Pipe modern Shell Refinery Storm Water Outlet H7721-0417 Sinclairs Jetty (East) H7721-0411 Sinclairs Jetty (West) H7721-0184 Small Boat Craft Jetty H7721-0422 South Channel H7721-0152 St Helens Baths (Enclosed Jetties) H7721-0152 St Helens Boatshed #1 H7721-0152 St Helens Boatshed #2 H7721-0152 St Helens Jetty modern St Helens Jetty (Modern) modern St Helens Marina H7721-0199 Standard Tide Gauge H7721-0150 State Energy Commission Pier H7721-0191 Steampacket Jetty to Yarra St Jetty Wharf Walkway H7721-0194 Stevedoring Company H7721-0405 Structure H7721-0151 Swinburne St Baths H7721-0209 Taits Boat Builders


H7721-0209 Taits Boat Builders Jetty H7721-0209 Taits Boat Builders Slipway H7721-0228 Taylors Hut H7721-0228 Taylors Lime Kiln H7721-0410 Tea Gardens H7721-0204 Telegraph Station #1/ Customs House #1 modern? TS Barwon Naval Cadet Pier H7721-0167 TS Barwon Naval Reserve Cadets H7721-0167 TS Barwon Naval Reserve Cadets Jetty H7721-0091 Vernacular Harbour/Higgs Marine Boatbuilders H7721-0168 Victoria Baths/ Western Beach Mens Baths Victorian Artilery Force Drill Hall and Parade Ground #1 Victorian Artilery Force Drill Hall and Parade Ground #2 H7721-0003 Victorian Lime and Cement Company Quarry Lease #1 H7721-0003 Victorian Lime and Cement Company Quarry Lease #2 H7721-0416 W H Smith Eastern Jetty H7721-0409 W H Smith Western Jetty H7721-0008 Walshs Fence Posts H7721-0008 Walshs Jetty #1 H7721-0008 Walshs Jetty #2 and Boat Ramp H7721-0008 Walshs Jetty #3 H7721-0008 Walshs Jetty #4 H7721-0008 Walshs Jetty #5 H7721-0008 Walshs Jetty #6 & Ramp H7721-0008 Walshs Jetty#7 H7721-0162 Western Beach Bathing Company Baths/ Ladies Baths H7721-0163 Western Beach Boat Club House and Slipway modern Western Beach Boat Club Jetty H7721-0166 Western Beach Boat Club Pier and Boat Ramp H7721-0166 Western Beach Boat Club Workshop H7721-0164 Western Beach Box Culvert Groyne #1 H7721-0159 Western Beach Concrete Groyne # H7721-0159 Western Beach Concrete Groyne # H7721-0159 Western Beach Concrete Groyne # H7721-0159 Western Beach Concrete Groyne # H7721-0159 Western Beach Concrete Groyne # H7721-0159 Western Beach Concrete Groyne # H7721-0159 Western Beach Concrete Groyne # H7721-0159 Western Beach Concrete Groyne # H7721-0159 Western Beach Concrete Groyne # H7721-0159 Western Beach Concrete Groyne # modern Western Beach Diving Platform H7721-0159 Western Beach Former Steps in Retaining Wall H7721-0164 Western Beach Pipe Outlet Groyne #2 H7721-0164 Western Beach Pipe Outlet Groyne #3 H7721-0165 Western Beach Sea Bathing Compnay Gents Baths/Ladies Baths H7721-0171 Western Beach Seawall #1 and Land Reclamation Phase 1 H7721-0171 Western Beach Seawall #1 and Land Reclamation Phase 2 H7721-0171 Western Beach Seawall #1 and Land Reclamation Phase 3 modern Western Beach Seawall and Land Reclamtion Phase 4


H7721-0159 Western Beach Seawall, Promenade and Landscaping H7721-0160 Western Beach Stormwater DropShaft and Outlet Pipe Support Pier H7721-0193 Western Timber Company H7721-0173 Wooden Barge Yard/ Higgs Brothers Marine H7721-0203 Yacht Moorings modern Yarra Pier (Modern) H7721-0194 Yarra Pier Goods Shed (La Parisian Restaurant) H7721-0195 Yarra St Jetty H7721-0195 Yarra St Jetty H7721-0195 Yarra St Pier Yarra St Warping Buoy H7721-0190 Yarra St Warping Dolphin


Appendix Two: Numerical Listing of Maritime Infrastructure Sites HI_ SITE_NAME

H7721-0136 Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform # 12 H0929 Eastern Beach Baths H1085 Geelong Customs House #1/ Telegraph Station #1 H1101 Osborne House Naval College H1157 Cheethams Saltworks (Moolap) H1527 Geelong Telegraph Office and Timeball Tower H7721-0003 Limeburners Point Causeway H7721-0003 Limeburners Point Lime Kilns H7721-0003 Limeburners Point Structure Foundation H7721-0003 Old Limeburners Point Lime Pits H7721-0003 Victorian Lime and Cement Company Quarry Lease #1 H7721-0003 Victorian Lime and Cement Company Quarry Lease #2 H7721-0008 Walshs Fence Posts H7721-0008 Walshs Jetty #1 H7721-0008 Walshs Jetty #2 and Boat Ramp H7721-0008 Walshs Jetty #3 H7721-0008 Walshs Jetty #4 H7721-0008 Walshs Jetty #5 H7721-0008 Walshs Jetty #6 & Ramp H7721-0008 Walshs Jetty#7 H7721-0015 Pt Lillias Quarry H7721-0015 Pt Lillias Quarry H7721-0061 New Jetty/ Steamboat Pier/ Moorabool Pier H7721-0089 Pt Lillias Fishtrap H7721-0090 Cochs Boatbreakers H7721-0091 Vernacular Harbour/Higgs Marine Boatbuilders H7721-0092 Bird Rock Ballast Station H7721-0093 North Channel Lightship H7721-0094 Heaths Oyster Farm H7721-0094 Heaths Oyster Midden H7721-0095 Pt Lillias Trig Beacon H7721-0096 Cheethams Saltworks Avalon H7721-0097 Avalon Beach Fishermens Mooring Area H7721-0097 Avalon Beach Fishermens Village H7721-0097 Avalon Beach Fishermens Village Anglers Club Slipway and Ramp H7721-0097 Avalon Beach Fishermens Village Groyne H7721-0097 Avalon Beach Fishermens Village Iron Slipway Cradle on Wheels H7721-0097 Avalon Beach Fishermens Village Shacks H7721-0098 Austins Sewerage or Stormwater Outfall Cesspit H7721-0099 Austins Baths and Pier H7721-0099 Austins Pier Abutment Rubble H7721-01 Corio Bay Rowing Club H7721-0100 Limeburners Bay Fence Posts Piles H7721-0129 Lagoon Boat Club Clubrooms, Slipway and Hard H7721-0129 Lagoon Boat Club Mooring Area H7721-0129 Lagoon Boat Club Pier and Boat Ramp


H7721-0129 Lagoon Boat Club Slipway H7721-0130 Geelong Grammar School Baths H7721-0130 Geelong Grammar School Boat Shed H7721-0130 Geelong Grammar School Boathouse and Pier H7721-0130 Geelong Grammar School Boatramp H7721-0131 Duck Ponds Limeburners H7721-0132 Kings Wharf H7721-0133 Incitec Pivot Fertilisers and Conveyor H7721-0133 Lascelles Wharf H7721-0134 Landboomers Jetty/ Pivot Pier H7721-0135 Corio Channel #8 Pile Light H7721-0135 Corio Channel Marker #5 H7721-0135 Corio Channel Marker #6 H7721-0136 Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #1 H7721-0136 Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #10 H7721-0136 Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #11 H7721-0136 Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #13 H7721-0136 Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #14 H7721-0136 Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #2 H7721-0136 Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #3 H7721-0136 Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #4 H7721-0136 Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #5 H7721-0136 Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #6 H7721-0136 Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #7 H7721-0136 Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #8 H7721-0136 Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #9 H7721-0137 Moorpanyal Park Shell Midden H7721-0138 Bird Rock Beacon H7721-0139 Moorpanyal Park Drain Outlet Disperser H7721-0140 North Shore Baths Changing Rooms H7721-0140 North Shore Baths Seawall H7721-0141 International Harvester Water Coolant Intake Pipe Pier and Outlet Pipe H7721-0142 Fletchers Pier H7721-0143 Prison Hulk Moorings Cowies Creek - Sacramento H7721-0144 Corio Quay North #1 & 2 H7721-0144 Corio Quay North #3 H7721-0144 Fords Pier H7721-0145 Oriental Timber Mill Log Pond H7721-0147 Corio Freezing Works and Abbatoir Freezing Rooms H7721-0147 Corio Freezing Works and Abbatoir Wharf H7721-0147 Corio Quay South Berth #2 H7721-0148 Cresco Fertilizer Jetty H7721-0149 Bulk Wheat Pier H7721-0149 Grain Elevators Board Silos, Warehouses and Convetors H7721-0150 State Energy Commission Pier H7721-0151 Osborne House Boatshed H7721-0151 Osborne House Jetty H7721-0151 Swinburne St Baths H7721-0152 St Helens Baths (Enclosed Jetties) H7721-0152 St Helens Boatshed #1


H7721-0152 St Helens Boatshed #2 H7721-0152 St Helens Jetty

H7721-0153 Huttons Wharf/ Rippleside Shipyard and Slipway/ Rippleside Geelong Harbour Trust Workshops

H7721-0153 Huttons Wharf/Pier H7721-0153 Rippleside Geelong Harbour Trust Slipway and Dolphins H7721-0153 Rippleside GHT Crane H7721-0154 Rippleside Front Lead Marker H7721-0154 Rippleside Rear Lead Marker H7721-0155 Rippleside Baths Changing Rooms H7721-0155 Rippleside Baths Retaining Wall and Gardens/ Changeroom Area H7721-0155 Rippleside Groyne #1 H7721-0155 Rippleside Groyne #2 H7721-0155 Rippleside Groyne #3 H7721-0155 Rippleside Pipe Outlet Groyne #1 H7721-0156 Rippleside Unidentified Pier Piles H7721-0157 Rippleside Jetty H7721-0158 Rippleside Seawall (Type 1) H7721-0158 Rippleside Seawall Type #3 H7721-0158 Rippleside Seawall Type #4 H7721-0158 Rippleside Seawall Type 2 H7721-0159 Western Beach Concrete Groyne # H7721-0159 Western Beach Concrete Groyne # H7721-0159 Western Beach Concrete Groyne # H7721-0159 Western Beach Concrete Groyne # H7721-0159 Western Beach Concrete Groyne # H7721-0159 Western Beach Concrete Groyne # H7721-0159 Western Beach Concrete Groyne # H7721-0159 Western Beach Concrete Groyne # H7721-0159 Western Beach Concrete Groyne # H7721-0159 Western Beach Concrete Groyne # H7721-0159 Western Beach Former Steps in Retaining Wall H7721-0159 Western Beach Seawall, Promenade and Landscaping H7721-0160 Western Beach Stormwater DropShaft and Outlet Pipe Support Pier

H7721-0161 Glenleith Avenue Jetty H7721-0162 Western Beach Bathing Company Baths/ Ladies Baths H7721-0163 Western Beach Boat Club House and Slipway H7721-0164 Western Beach Box Culvert Groyne #1 H7721-0164 Western Beach Pipe Outlet Groyne #2 H7721-0164 Western Beach Pipe Outlet Groyne #3 H7721-0165 Western Beach Sea Bathing Compnay Gents Baths/Ladies Baths H7721-0166 Billy Blunts Slipway/Barrows Slipway/ Western Beach Boat Club Slipway H7721-0166 Corio Bay Rowing Club Pier/ Blunts (Billy) Boatyard Pier / Barrows Boatyard Pier

H7721-0166 Corio Bay Rowing Club/ Billy Blunts Boatbuilders/Barrows Boat Yard/ Western Beach Boat Club

H7721-0166 Corio Bay Rowing Club/ Western Beach Boat Club H7721-0166 Western Beach Boat Club Pier and Boat Ramp H7721-0166 Western Beach Boat Club Workshop H7721-0167 TS Barwon Naval Reserve Cadets H7721-0167 TS Barwon Naval Reserve Cadets Jetty


H7721-0168 Hicks Brothers Marine H7721-0168 Hicks Brothers Marine Former Offices H7721-0168 Hicks Brothers Marine Slipway, Traverse and Winch Shed H7721-0168 Victoria Baths/ Western Beach Mens Baths H7721-0169 Geelong Nautical Centre Chandlery/ Lew marine Boat Builders H7721-0169 Geelong Nautical Centre/Lew Marine Boat Repairs H7721-0169 Geelong Nautical Centre/Lew Marine Pier H7721-0169 Geelong Nautical Centre/Lew Marine slipway H7721-0170 Ausport Marine Pier H7721-0170 Ausport Marine Slipway and Traverse H7721-0170 Ausport Marine Timber Boat Ramp H7721-0170 Professional Fishermens Slipway/ Vicsail/ Ausport Marine Boat Maintenance Yard H7721-0171 Western Beach Seawall #1 and Land Reclamation Phase 1 H7721-0171 Western Beach Seawall #1 and Land Reclamation Phase 2 H7721-0171 Western Beach Seawall #1 and Land Reclamation Phase 3 H7721-0172 Geelong Public Bathing House/ Jackson and Rays Bathing House H7721-0173 Wooden Barge Yard/ Higgs Brothers Marine H7721-0174 Customs Reserve for Goods Shed H7721-0175 Railway Pier H7721-0175 Railway Pier / Cunningham H7721-0176 Railway Pier Railway Siding H7721-0177 Sailors Rest #2 H7721-0178 Sailors Rest #1 H7721-0179 Customs House Reserve #3 H7721-0180 Sailors Rest #3 H7721-0181 Central Geelong Seawall and Land Reclamation H7721-0182 Huddart Parker Offices, Coal Yard and Sheds H7721-0183 Compass Adjusting Buoy H7721-0184 Small Boat Craft Jetty H7721-0185 Howard Smith and Company H7721-0185 Howard Smith and Company Coal Yard H7721-0186 McIlwraith and McEachran and Company Coal Yard H7721-0187 McGlashan Boatbuilders (position approx) H7721-0189 New Pier/ Steampacket Jetty/Steamboat Pier/ Steamboat Jetty H7721-0190 Yarra St Warping Dolphin H7721-0191 Steampacket Jetty to Yarra St Jetty Wharf Walkway H7721-0192 Customs Sheds/ Harbour Masters Office H7721-0192 Electric Supply Company Jetty - position approx H7721-0193 Western Timber Company H7721-0194 Geelong Harbour Trust Store Yard H7721-0194 Public Works Slipway H7721-0194 Stevedoring Company H7721-0194 Yarra Pier Goods Shed (La Parisian Restaurant) H7721-0195 Yarra St Jetty H7721-0195 Yarra St Jetty H7721-0195 Yarra St Pier H7721-0196 Fishermans Harbour H7721-0196 Fishermans Harbour Seawall H7721-0196 Fishermans Jetty / Fishermans Arm H7721-0198 Queens Wharf/ Stoney Jetty/ Eastern Jetty/ Customs Wharf or Jetty/ Eastern Pier


H7721-0199 Standard Tide Gauge H7721-0200 Geelong Harbour Trust / Customs Boat Shed H7721-0200 Geelong Harbour Trust Slipway H7721-0200 Harbour Boat Shed / Customs Boat Shed/Geelong arbour Trust Boat Shed and Slipway H7721-0201 Anglers Club H7721-0202 Geelong Morgue H7721-0203 Bellarine St Pier H7721-0203 Geelong Yacht Club Club House #1 H7721-0203 Geelong Yacht Club Jetty and Pens/ Bellarine Pier H7721-0203 Royal Geelong Yacht Club H7721-0203 Royal Geelong Yacht Club Cadet Dinghy Slipway H7721-0203 Royal Geelong Yacht Club Clubhouse #2/ Cadet Squadron Clubhouse H7721-0203 Royal Geelong Yacht Club Slipway H7721-0203 Royal Geelong Yacht Club Yacht Tender Ramp H7721-0203 Yacht Moorings H7721-0204 Customs House #2 H7721-0204 Customs House #2 / Telegraph Office #1, Harbour Masters Office #1 H7721-0204 Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust Pumping Station House H7721-0204 Harbour Masters Office # 1 H7721-0204 Harbour Masters Office 1893 H7721-0204 Telegraph Station #1/ Customs House #1 H7721-0205 Eastern Beach Seawall #1

H7721-0206 Site Hospital Drain/ Bellarine Drain H7721-0207 Beach Battery H7721-0207 Norris Boat Builders H7721-0207 Norris Boat Builders Slipway H7721-0208 Eastern Beach Groyne #1 H7721-0209 Taits Boat Builders H7721-0209 Taits Boat Builders Jetty H7721-0209 Taits Boat Builders Slipway H7721-0210 Eastern Beach Unknown Structure #1 H7721-0210 Eastern Beach Unknown Structure #2 H7721-0211 Blunts (Clement) Boat Builders H7721-0211 Blunts (Clement) Boat Builders Jetty H7721-0211 Blunts (Clement) Boat Builders Slipway H7721-0212 Joy Ark H7721-0213 Andersons Bathing House H7721-0214 Pilots Reserve Cottages H7721-0215 Government Immigration Depot H7721-0216 Geelong Sea Bathing Company H7721-0216 Geelong Sea Bathing Company Gents H7721-0216 Geelong Sea Bathing Company Gents Baths Shore Pavillion H7721-0216 Geelong Sea Bathing Company Promenade H7721-0217 Eastern Beach Groyne #2 H7721-0218 Geelong Sea Bathing Company Ladies Baths H7721-0219 Artificial Stone Manufacturer/ Hayes Patent Stone Manufactory H7721-0219 Artificial Stone Manufacturer/ Hayes Patent Stone Manufactory Building H7721-0220 Eastern Beach Seawall #5 H7721-0221 Eastern Beach Bluestone Drain Outlet Disperser


H7721-0222 Eastern Beach Mineral Spring #1 H7721-0222 Eastern Beach Mineral Spring #2 H7721-0223 Parkside Swimming Pool H7721-0223 Parkside Swimming Pool Groyne #1 H7721-0223 Parkside Swimming Pool Groyne #2 H7721-0224 Eastern Beach Seawall #6 H7721-0225 Eastern Beach Ceramic Pipe Drain and Brick Outlet Support H7721-0227 Prison Hulk Moorings Limeburners Point- Sacramento and Success H7721-0228 Bouchers Hut H7721-0228 Bouchers Hut H7721-0228 Bouchers Hut H7721-0228 Bouchers Lime Kiln H7721-0228 Bouchers Lime Kiln Site?? - Brick Scatter H7721-0228 Bouchers Lime Quarry ? H7721-0228 Bourchier Rubble Road H7721-0228 Cakebreads Hut H7721-0228 Cakebreads Huts H7721-0228 Cakebreads Lime Burning Lease H7721-0228 Cakebreads Lime Burning Lease H7721-0228 Cakebreads Lime Kiln H7721-0228 Cakebreads Lime Kiln H7721-0228 Dyers Lime Burning Lease H7721-0228 Eastern Beach Lime Burners Hut H7721-0228 Eastern Beach Lime Burners Quarry H7721-0228 Eastern Beach Lime Burners Quarry H7721-0228 Eastern Beach Lime Burners Quarry H7721-0228 Eastern Beach Lime Burners Structural Rubble H7721-0228 Eastern Beach Lime Burning Lease H7721-0228 Eastern Beach Lime Burning Lease H7721-0228 Eastern Beach Lime Burning Quarry H7721-0228 Eastern Beach Lime Kiln H7721-0228 Eastern Beach Lime Kiln H7721-0228 Taylors Hut H7721-0228 Taylors Lime Kiln H7721-0400 Limeburners Jetty H7721-0400 Magazine Jetty H7721-0401 Preliminary Marble Company Quarry H7721-0402 Limeburners Point Powder Magazine H7721-0402 Powder Magazine H7721-0403 Geelong Rifle Range H7721-0404 Point Henry (West) Bluestone Groyne Scatter H7721-0405 Point Henry (West) Hard or Rubbish Dump H7721-0405 Structure H7721-0406 Point Henry Land Reclamation/ Erosion Control H7721-0407 Point Henry (West) Timber Groyne #1 H7721-0407 Point Henry (West) Timber Groyne #2 H7721-0407 Point Henry (West) Timber Groyne #3 H7721-0407 Point Henry (West) Timber Groyne #4 H7721-0407 Point Henry (West) Timber Groyne #5 H7721-0407 Point Henry (West) Timber Groyne #6


H7721-0408 Kossaks Jetty H7721-0409 W H Smith Western Jetty H7721-0410 Tea Gardens H7721-0411 Sinclairs Jetty (West) H7721-0412 Point Henry Quarantine Station

H7721-0413 Point Henry Signal Station H7721-0414 Pilots Jetty H7721-0415 Point Henry (Quarantine?) Jetty H7721-0416 W H Smith Eastern Jetty H7721-0417 Sinclairs Jetty (East) H7721-0418 Point Henry Trig Beacon H7721-0419 Point Henry Anchorage H7721-0420 Point Henry (East) Bluestone Blocks and Mooring Posts H7721-0420 Point Henry (East) Bluestone Blocks, Groynes and Mooring Posts H7721-0421 Boat Channel H7721-0421 Boat Channel H7721-0422 South Channel H7721-0423 North Channel H7721-0424 Hopetoun Channel Modern Alcoa Refinery Pier, Conveyor and Silos modern Alexander Thompson Jetty modern Alexander Thompson Pier modern Australian Volunteer Coastguard modern Avalon Beach Boat Ramp modern Avalon Beach Boat Ramp Pier modern Fishermans Harbour Breakwater modern Fishermans Harbour Pier modern Fishermans Harbour Walkway modern Geelong Port Social Club modern Geelong Trailable Yacht Club modern Griffins Gulley Jetty modern Moorabool Basin Modern New Bulk Wheat Pier modern Refinery Pier modern Rippleside Anchor Display modern Rippleside Park Memorial and Lamppost Base modern Rippleside Pier modern Royal Geelong Yacht Club Hard modern Royal Geelong Yacht Club Land Reclmation modern Royal Geelong Yacht Club Pier, Boat Pens and Breakwater modern Royal Geelong Yacht Club Small Boat Ramps modern Shell Refinery Coolant Water Intake Culvert modern Shell Refinery Coolant Water Outlet Culvert modern Shell Refinery Coolant Water Outlet Pipe modern Shell Refinery Storm Water Outlet modern St Helens Jetty (Modern) modern St Helens Marina modern Western Beach Boat Club Jetty modern Western Beach Diving Platform


modern Western Beach Seawall and Land Reclamtion Phase 4 modern Yarra Pier (Modern) modern? Grammar School Lagoon Boat Ramp modern? Limeburners Bay Boat Shed and Storage modern? Limeburners Bay Boat Shed and Storage Boat Ramp modern? Rippleside Culvert Outlet Training Walls modern? TS Barwon Naval Cadet Pier modern? Corio Bay Sailing Clubrooms and Sheds


Appendix Three: Maritime Infrastructure Site Locations (AMG AGD1966)

HI_ SITE_NAME X_COORD Y_COORD H7721-0136 Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform # 12 270099.57903 5779843.73459

H0929 Eastern Beach Baths 269596.01834 5774519.16820

H1085 Geelong Customs House #1/ Telegraph Station #1 270213.33075 5774047.66506

H1101 Osborne House Naval College 268301.95327 5777495.23719

H1157 Cheethams Saltworks (Moolap) 274290.94237 5773785.10505

H1527 Geelong Telegraph Office and Timeball Tower 268268.62800 5774252.83501 H7721-0003 Limeburners Point Causeway 270932.57448 5774491.85039 H7721-0003 Limeburners Point Lime Kilns 270956.06323 5774402.97183 H7721-0003 Limeburners Point Structure Foundation 270940.23813 5774460.37200 H7721-0003 Old Limeburners Point Lime Pits 270405.65687 5774594.89835 H7721-0003 Victorian Lime and Cement Company Quarry Lease #1 270466.82822 5774683.48411 H7721-0003 Victorian Lime and Cement Company Quarry Lease #2 270414.26418 5774590.48618 H7721-0008 Walshs Fence Posts 278896.33546 5782373.64445 H7721-0008 Walshs Jetty #1 278848.19320 5782370.46117 H7721-0008 Walshs Jetty #2 and Boat Ramp 278932.91921 5782343.98429 H7721-0008 Walshs Jetty #3 279004.90550 5782245.13729 H7721-0008 Walshs Jetty #4 279031.28482 5782276.58861 H7721-0008 Walshs Jetty #5 279095.52494 5782200.52776 H7721-0008 Walshs Jetty #6 & Ramp 279306.51383 5782228.44883 H7721-0008 Walshs Jetty#7 279745.81562 5781926.54392 H7721-0015 Pt Lillias Quarry 275780.96135 5780817.05048 H7721-0015 Pt Lillias Quarry 275843.58315 5780761.26015 H7721-0061 New Jetty/ Steamboat Pier/ Moorabool Pier 268774.52410 5774830.74298 H7721-0089 Pt Lillias Fishtrap 276163.52360 5781419.92759 H7721-0090 Cochs Boatbreakers 276033.15640 5781093.15567 H7721-0091 Vernacular Harbour/Higgs Marine Boatbuilders 275950.60949 5781027.11814 H7721-0092 Bird Rock Ballast Station 275536.66569 5780793.34673 H7721-0093 North Channel Lightship 274707.88538 5780452.76323 H7721-0094 Heaths Oyster Farm 275183.78502 5781110.45462 H7721-0094 Heaths Oyster Midden 275615.86753 5780885.93446 H7721-0095 Pt Lillias Trig Beacon 275577.15587 5780880.81086 H7721-0096 Cheethams Saltworks Avalon 274839.99300 5782564.24871

H7721- Avalon Beach Fishermens Mooring Area 274376.78059 5781269.03300


0097

H7721-0097 Avalon Beach Fishermens Village 274626.04025 5781415.78833 H7721-0097 Avalon Beach Fishermens Village Anglers Club Slipway and Ramp 274514.75611 5781424.55399 H7721-0097 Avalon Beach Fishermens Village Groyne 274386.30941 5781426.88636 H7721-0097 Avalon Beach Fishermens Village Iron Slipway Cradle on Wheels 274474.11047 5781430.50370 H7721-0097 Avalon Beach Fishermens Village Shacks 274407.15710 5781448.23537 H7721-0098 Austins Sewerage or Stormwater Outfall Cesspit 273131.31142 5781483.70806 H7721-0099 Austins Baths and Pier 272983.42404 5781467.64907 H7721-0099 Austins Pier Abutment Rubble 272993.43801 5781506.34710

H7721-01 Corio Bay Rowing Club 269029.15869 5774594.03429 H7721-0100 Limeburners Bay Fence Posts Piles 272591.76212 5783569.58537 H7721-0129 Lagoon Boat Club Clubrooms, Slipway and Hard 272343.24048 5782880.06416 H7721-0129 Lagoon Boat Club Mooring Area 272514.48225 5782709.49988 H7721-0129 Lagoon Boat Club Pier and Boat Ramp 272382.55393 5782838.83022 H7721-0129 Lagoon Boat Club Slipway 272356.57090 5782847.64186 H7721-0130 Geelong Grammar School Baths 272162.91629 5782800.88712 H7721-0130 Geelong Grammar School Boat Shed 272120.16808 5782834.37297 H7721-0130 Geelong Grammar School Boathouse and Pier 272027.56087 5782770.42331 H7721-0130 Geelong Grammar School Boatramp 272081.77423 5782765.10382 H7721-0131 Duck Ponds Limeburners 271597.40610 5782564.07124 H7721-0132 Kings Wharf 270296.97152 5780630.86150 H7721-0133 Incitec Pivot Fertilisers and Conveyor 269978.54015 5780096.64283 H7721-0133 Lascelles Wharf 270252.18838 5780161.59954 H7721-0134 Landboomers Jetty/ Pivot Pier 270103.43310 5779861.95378 H7721-0135 Corio Channel #8 Pile Light 270196.41536 5779835.23376 H7721-0135 Corio Channel Marker #5 269990.07817 5779279.05677 H7721-0135 Corio Channel Marker #6 269870.13349 5779360.19582 H7721-0136 Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #1 269614.76390 5779500.40088 H7721-0136 Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #10 270063.20484 5779767.87429 H7721-0136 Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #11 270071.15849 5779782.45597 H7721-0136 Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #13 270117.28089 5779866.21528 H7721-0136 Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #14 269885.75024 5779575.83801 H7721-0136 Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #2 269642.15315 5779496.39105 H7721-0136 Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #3 269795.22766 5779514.32983 H7721-0136 Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #4 269827.15840 5779536.24654

H7721- Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #5 269928.70117 5779604.91299


0136

H7721-0136 Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #6 269961.48659 5779644.85795 H7721-0136 Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #7 269973.28523 5779655.81630 H7721-0136 Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #8 269991.18019 5779672.51895 H7721-0136 Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #9 270039.72922 5779719.71057 H7721-0137 Moorpanyal Park Shell Midden 269777.31557 5779532.53484 H7721-0138 Bird Rock Beacon 275302.12680 5780244.70318 H7721-0139 Moorpanyal Park Drain Outlet Disperser 269596.97580 5779533.28143 H7721-0140 North Shore Baths Changing Rooms 269526.45967 5779541.24400 H7721-0140 North Shore Baths Seawall 269377.58372 5779489.93877 H7721-0141 International Harvester Water Coolant Intake Pipe Pier and Outlet Pipe 269224.39841 5779289.36851 H7721-0142 Fletchers Pier 269171.78732 5779192.43222 H7721-0143 Prison Hulk Moorings Cowies Creek - Sacramento 269008.71574 5778976.29525 H7721-0144 Corio Quay North #1 & 2 268720.88284 5779099.73526 H7721-0144 Corio Quay North #3 268978.44796 5779108.34284 H7721-0144 Fords Pier 268660.80321 5779108.45739 H7721-0145 Oriental Timber Mill Log Pond 268189.31476 5778921.13201 H7721-0147 Corio Freezing Works and Abbatoir Freezing Rooms 268801.37270 5778722.05538 H7721-0147 Corio Freezing Works and Abbatoir Wharf 268818.58634 5778773.27644 H7721-0147 Corio Quay South Berth #2 268563.17176 5778817.94431 H7721-0148 Cresco Fertilizer Jetty 268910.95217 5778408.85123 H7721-0149 Bulk Wheat Pier 268850.07469 5778185.91368 H7721-0149 Grain Elevators Board Silos, Warehouses and Convetors 268524.40297 5778257.85316 H7721-0150 State Energy Commission Pier 268455.42066 5777951.22049 H7721-0151 Osborne House Boatshed 268364.71225 5777377.24722 H7721-0151 Osborne House Jetty 268385.44268 5777372.58829 H7721-0151 Swinburne St Baths 268399.17614 5777377.54635 H7721-0152 St Helens Baths (Enclosed Jetties) 268351.84396 5777092.59380 H7721-0152 St Helens Boatshed #1 268289.80891 5777131.20707 H7721-0152 St Helens Boatshed #2 268284.63505 5777097.22145 H7721-0152 St Helens Jetty 268319.19894 5777131.96168 H7721-0153

Huttons Wharf/ Rippleside Shipyard and Slipway/ Rippleside Geelong Harbour Trust Workshops 268278.21247 5776770.43529

H7721-0153 Huttons Wharf/Pier 268385.42422 5776757.43077 H7721-0153 Rippleside Geelong Harbour Trust Slipway and Dolphins 268384.23865 5776799.01689 H7721-0153 Rippleside GHT Crane 268339.69110 5776754.55246


H7721-0154 Rippleside Front Lead Marker 268298.62833 5776626.26861 H7721-0154 Rippleside Rear Lead Marker 268233.62711 5776641.89931 H7721-0155 Rippleside Baths Changing Rooms 268237.50090 5776467.89602 H7721-0155 Rippleside Baths Retaining Wall and Gardens/ Changeroom Area 268235.17415 5776441.72010 H7721-0155 Rippleside Groyne #1 268269.03882 5776530.35468 H7721-0155 Rippleside Groyne #2 268261.79798 5776389.72598 H7721-0155 Rippleside Groyne #3 268265.42770 5776370.55357 H7721-0155 Rippleside Pipe Outlet Groyne #1 268263.67799 5776472.20458 H7721-0156 Rippleside Unidentified Pier Piles 268280.06481 5776426.72700 H7721-0157 Rippleside Jetty 268330.43250 5776417.18162 H7721-0158 Rippleside Seawall (Type 1) 268256.22181 5776501.31686 H7721-0158 Rippleside Seawall Type #3 268258.58706 5776397.04652 H7721-0158 Rippleside Seawall Type #4 268260.60457 5776365.98442 H7721-0158 Rippleside Seawall Type 2 268255.84150 5776428.53615 H7721-0159 Western Beach Concrete Groyne # 268128.53462 5775664.30842 H7721-0159 Western Beach Concrete Groyne # 268134.71102 5775766.32663 H7721-0159 Western Beach Concrete Groyne # 268139.18903 5775832.25286 H7721-0159 Western Beach Concrete Groyne # 268143.66704 5775896.31325 H7721-0159 Western Beach Concrete Groyne # 268181.23255 5775991.71971 H7721-0159 Western Beach Concrete Groyne # 268189.93979 5776021.44870 H7721-0159 Western Beach Concrete Groyne # 268193.04952 5776086.13104 H7721-0159 Western Beach Concrete Groyne # 268195.91047 5776147.57927 H7721-0159 Western Beach Concrete Groyne # 268201.13481 5776213.25672 H7721-0159 Western Beach Concrete Groyne # 268218.92245 5776265.99771 H7721-0159 Western Beach Former Steps in Retaining Wall 268129.66875 5775735.05856 H7721-0159 Western Beach Seawall, Promenade and Landscaping 268131.13110 5775752.73472 H7721-0160 Western Beach Stormwater DropShaft and Outlet Pipe Support Pier 268177.37639 5775986.49044

H7721-0161 Glenleith Avenue Jetty 268192.37061 5775961.71106 H7721-0162 Western Beach Bathing Company Baths/ Ladies Baths 268183.20319 5775638.26389 H7721-0163 Western Beach Boat Club House and Slipway 268173.65204 5775461.43070 H7721-0164 Western Beach Box Culvert Groyne #1 268213.67151 5775303.66417 H7721-0164 Western Beach Pipe Outlet Groyne #2 268199.63140 5775341.95538 H7721-0164 Western Beach Pipe Outlet Groyne #3 268183.67674 5775379.28930 H7721-0165 Western Beach Sea Bathing Compnay Gents Baths/Ladies Baths 268315.83498 5775244.04228

H7721- Billy Blunts Slipway/Barrows Slipway/ Western Beach Boat Club Slipway 268397.39758 5775115.27243


0166

H7721-0166 Corio Bay Rowing Club Pier/ Blunts (Billy) Boatyard Pier / Barrows Boatyard Pier 268407.17878 5775132.98081 H7721-0166

Corio Bay Rowing Club/ Billy Blunts Boatbuilders/Barrows Boat Yard/ Western Beach Boat Club 268360.66244 5775118.20401

H7721-0166 Corio Bay Rowing Club/ Western Beach Boat Club 268337.11816 5775136.71072 H7721-0166 Western Beach Boat Club Pier and Boat Ramp 268350.68070 5775155.12242 H7721-0166 Western Beach Boat Club Workshop 268356.11573 5775106.48749 H7721-0167 TS Barwon Naval Reserve Cadets 268391.26530 5775086.28642 H7721-0167 TS Barwon Naval Reserve Cadets Jetty 268404.32979 5775102.95446 H7721-0168 Hicks Brothers Marine 268413.78173 5775064.66928 H7721-0168 Hicks Brothers Marine Former Offices 268400.79590 5775070.55099 H7721-0168 Hicks Brothers Marine Slipway, Traverse and Winch Shed 268443.11528 5775069.76406 H7721-0168 Victoria Baths/ Western Beach Mens Baths 268444.86454 5775107.55814 H7721-0169 Geelong Nautical Centre Chandlery/ Lew marine Boat Builders 268439.17515 5775036.65343 H7721-0169 Geelong Nautical Centre/Lew Marine Boat Repairs 268444.56182 5775032.16754 H7721-0169 Geelong Nautical Centre/Lew Marine Pier 268462.59520 5775052.59697 H7721-0169 Geelong Nautical Centre/Lew Marine slipway 268448.97558 5775043.13890 H7721-0170 Ausport Marine Pier 268477.47791 5775049.47874 H7721-0170 Ausport Marine Slipway and Traverse 268466.72319 5775032.95320 H7721-0170 Ausport Marine Timber Boat Ramp 268463.57547 5775038.81146 H7721-0170 Professional Fishermens Slipway/ Vicsail/ Ausport Marine Boat Maintenance Yard 268455.88104 5775021.84874 H7721-0171 Western Beach Seawall #1 and Land Reclamation Phase 1 268579.20454 5774929.60498 H7721-0171 Western Beach Seawall #1 and Land Reclamation Phase 2 268400.45276 5775098.61636 H7721-0171 Western Beach Seawall #1 and Land Reclamation Phase 3 268467.19653 5775031.32088 H7721-0172 Geelong Public Bathing House/ Jackson and Rays Bathing House 268507.21179 5774975.02514 H7721-0173 Wooden Barge Yard/ Higgs Brothers Marine 268617.58828 5774862.79994 H7721-0174 Customs Reserve for Goods Shed 268646.90481 5774826.00587 H7721-0175 Railway Pier 268693.04978 5774942.34803 H7721-0175 Railway Pier / Cunningham 268719.73638 5774949.36024 H7721-0176 Railway Pier Railway Siding 268118.25611 5774867.67077 H7721-0177 Sailors Rest #2 268672.95213 5774661.96761 H7721-0178 Sailors Rest #1 268689.97975 5774489.85414 H7721-0179 Customs House Reserve #3 268769.93111 5774636.02839 H7721-0180 Sailors Rest #3 268743.02704 5774680.25834 H7721-0181 Central Geelong Seawall and Land Reclamation 268828.98374 5774733.81816 H7721-0182 Huddart Parker Offices, Coal Yard and Sheds 268704.97323 5774795.82341


H7721-0183 Compass Adjusting Buoy 268964.20820 5775366.41246 H7721-0184 Small Boat Craft Jetty 268817.26617 5774800.57764 H7721-0185 Howard Smith and Company 268842.76268 5774710.85325 H7721-0185 Howard Smith and Company Coal Yard 268786.99076 5774742.67605 H7721-0186 McIlwraith and McEachran and Company Coal Yard 268819.79777 5774722.99184 H7721-0187 McGlashan Boatbuilders (position approx) 268569.14677 5773921.55042 H7721-0189 New Pier/ Steampacket Jetty/Steamboat Pier/ Steamboat Jetty 268892.72615 5774728.55290 H7721-0190 Yarra St Warping Dolphin 268946.01863 5774780.92078 H7721-0191 Steampacket Jetty to Yarra St Jetty Wharf Walkway 268931.33283 5774694.06130 H7721-0192 Customs Sheds/ Harbour Masters Office 268894.64294 5774613.97145 H7721-0192 Electric Supply Company Jetty - position approx 268954.21323 5774719.40263 H7721-0193 Western Timber Company 268868.15902 5774696.88607 H7721-0194 Geelong Harbour Trust Store Yard 268925.13321 5774666.41955 H7721-0194 Public Works Slipway 268909.16201 5774658.80251 H7721-0194 Stevedoring Company 268934.71593 5774647.99124 H7721-0194 Yarra Pier Goods Shed (La Parisian Restaurant) 268932.99595 5774661.99675 H7721-0195 Yarra St Jetty 268959.41834 5774653.63357 H7721-0195 Yarra St Jetty 269035.75729 5774771.61195 H7721-0195 Yarra St Pier 268980.23806 5774667.94712 H7721-0196 Fishermans Harbour 269025.45694 5774644.51765 H7721-0196 Fishermans Harbour Seawall 269012.20855 5774616.24483 H7721-0196 Fishermans Jetty / Fishermans Arm 269024.87245 5774681.12298 H7721-0198 Queens Wharf/ Stoney Jetty/ Eastern Jetty/ Customs Wharf or Jetty/ Eastern Pier 269071.24182 5774625.01215 H7721-0199 Standard Tide Gauge 269073.54875 5774594.86129 H7721-0200 Geelong Harbour Trust / Customs Boat Shed 269063.38644 5774562.44033 H7721-0200 Geelong Harbour Trust Slipway 269068.47364 5774576.10309 H7721-0200 Harbour Boat Shed / Customs Boat Shed/Geelong arbour Trust Boat Shed and Slipway 269107.98088 5774636.71338 H7721-0201 Anglers Club 269071.04699 5774554.87360 H7721-0202 Geelong Morgue 269077.86602 5774550.00287 H7721-0203 Bellarine St Pier 269137.47744 5774633.80642 H7721-0203 Geelong Yacht Club Club House #1 269097.39798 5774554.88221 H7721-0203 Geelong Yacht Club Jetty and Pens/ Bellarine Pier 269120.46747 5774603.42859 H7721-0203 Royal Geelong Yacht Club 269112.78308 5774565.86319 H7721-0203 Royal Geelong Yacht Club Cadet Dinghy Slipway 269141.00251 5774588.74840 H7721-0203 Royal Geelong Yacht Club Clubhouse #2/ Cadet Squadron Clubhouse 269117.33662 5774546.77383


H7721-0203 Royal Geelong Yacht Club Slipway 269115.13049 5774617.67274 H7721-0203 Royal Geelong Yacht Club Yacht Tender Ramp 269127.63045 5774605.31812 H7721-0203 Yacht Moorings 269228.21157 5774610.73235 H7721-0204 Customs House #2 269039.11176 5774519.27430 H7721-0204 Customs House #2 / Telegraph Office #1, Harbour Masters Office #1 269031.97934 5774533.45305 H7721-0204 Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust Pumping Station House 269040.81451 5774542.39501 H7721-0204 Harbour Masters Office # 1 269084.68100 5774500.08796 H7721-0204 Harbour Masters Office 1893 269036.62478 5774524.37784 H7721-0204 Telegraph Station #1/ Customs House #1 269038.01397 5774510.93782 H7721-0205 Eastern Beach Seawall #1 269210.18096 5774559.26463 H7721-0206 Site Hospital Drain/ Bellarine Drain 269163.02676 5774551.40322 H7721-0207 Beach Battery 269184.40668 5774508.99624 H7721-0207 Norris Boat Builders 269179.97554 5774497.53639 H7721-0207 Norris Boat Builders Slipway 269186.39305 5774505.32909 H7721-0208 Eastern Beach Groyne #1 269240.10933 5774570.77457 H7721-0209 Taits Boat Builders 269214.50790 5774486.38213 H7721-0209 Taits Boat Builders Jetty 269232.84366 5774515.87216 H7721-0209 Taits Boat Builders Slipway 269202.43685 5774496.46680 H7721-0210 Eastern Beach Unknown Structure #1 269238.74107 5774483.51436 H7721-0210 Eastern Beach Unknown Structure #2 269266.32786 5774474.27380 H7721-0211 Blunts (Clement) Boat Builders 269279.90546 5774464.22642 H7721-0211 Blunts (Clement) Boat Builders Jetty 269283.26702 5774506.24588 H7721-0211 Blunts (Clement) Boat Builders Slipway 269288.61495 5774467.58797 H7721-0212 Joy Ark 269323.56750 5774505.78748 H7721-0213 Andersons Bathing House 269356.41908 5774502.73152 H7721-0214 Pilots Reserve Cottages 269387.49552 5774301.01911 H7721-0215 Government Immigration Depot 269333.88235 5773947.78074 H7721-0216 Geelong Sea Bathing Company 269468.75305 5774537.27151 H7721-0216 Geelong Sea Bathing Company Gents 269454.98047 5774514.93613 H7721-0216 Geelong Sea Bathing Company Gents Baths Shore Pavillion 269454.75212 5774422.83879 H7721-0216 Geelong Sea Bathing Company Promenade 269438.18885 5774464.97542 H7721-0217 Eastern Beach Groyne #2 269554.56792 5774472.02870 H7721-0218 Geelong Sea Bathing Company Ladies Baths 269629.12554 5774497.90281 H7721-0219 Artificial Stone Manufacturer/ Hayes Patent Stone Manufactory 269775.99973 5774422.13791

H7721- Artificial Stone Manufacturer/ Hayes Patent Stone Manufactory Building 269743.24888 5774428.87522


0219

H7721-0220 Eastern Beach Seawall #5 270022.51085 5774548.06906 H7721-0221 Eastern Beach Bluestone Drain Outlet Disperser 270005.27904 5774545.60703 H7721-0222 Eastern Beach Mineral Spring #1 270022.46390 5774554.02849 H7721-0222 Eastern Beach Mineral Spring #2 270037.30223 5774564.38082 H7721-0223 Parkside Swimming Pool 270099.64940 5774622.84520 H7721-0223 Parkside Swimming Pool Groyne #1 270170.46400 5774627.04384 H7721-0223 Parkside Swimming Pool Groyne #2 270205.74164 5774649.56538 H7721-0224 Eastern Beach Seawall #6 270187.92435 5774634.14955 H7721-0225 Eastern Beach Ceramic Pipe Drain and Brick Outlet Support 270293.52818 5774707.85005 H7721-0227 Prison Hulk Moorings Limeburners Point- Sacramento and Success 270104.56071 5774876.20494 H7721-0228 Bouchers Hut 270214.20489 5774511.20781 H7721-0228 Bouchers Hut 270207.88643 5774502.78320 H7721-0228 Bouchers Hut 270515.38484 5774736.56624 H7721-0228 Bouchers Lime Kiln 270415.34255 5774718.13740 H7721-0228 Bouchers Lime Kiln Site?? - Brick Scatter 270345.12154 5774716.45883 H7721-0228 Bouchers Lime Quarry ? 270402.65725 5774747.83600 H7721-0228 Bourchier Rubble Road 270329.94240 5774745.13011 H7721-0228 Cakebreads Hut 270719.84416 5774762.43981 H7721-0228 Cakebreads Huts 270706.49903 5774788.41920 H7721-0228 Cakebreads Lime Burning Lease 270563.42580 5774805.29495 H7721-0228 Cakebreads Lime Burning Lease 270709.88812 5774816.03358 H7721-0228 Cakebreads Lime Kiln 270596.17682 5774817.45964 H7721-0228 Cakebreads Lime Kiln 270707.57778 5774819.89318 H7721-0228 Dyers Lime Burning Lease 270657.72588 5774818.46911 H7721-0228 Eastern Beach Lime Burners Hut 270502.53234 5774740.33655 H7721-0228 Eastern Beach Lime Burners Quarry 270514.46512 5774781.83204 H7721-0228 Eastern Beach Lime Burners Quarry 270620.21066 5774814.98658 H7721-0228 Eastern Beach Lime Burners Quarry 270688.61372 5774820.91950 H7721-0228 Eastern Beach Lime Burners Structural Rubble 270576.58626 5774809.75165 H7721-0228 Eastern Beach Lime Burning Lease 270359.94890 5774713.27627 H7721-0228 Eastern Beach Lime Burning Lease 270465.87881 5774742.13783 H7721-0228 Eastern Beach Lime Burning Quarry 270304.48881 5774703.09576 H7721-0228 Eastern Beach Lime Kiln 270338.24784 5774699.61236 H7721-0228 Eastern Beach Lime Kiln 270426.28016 5774743.49613


H7721-0228 Taylors Hut 270689.14250 5774769.21162 H7721-0228 Taylors Lime Kiln 270602.79021 5774778.16277 H7721-0400 Limeburners Jetty 270709.13101 5774889.49131 H7721-0400 Magazine Jetty 270707.23397 5774862.85718 H7721-0401 Preliminary Marble Company Quarry 270766.17848 5774725.28282 H7721-0402 Limeburners Point Powder Magazine 270798.03882 5774557.87165 H7721-0402 Powder Magazine 270760.34192 5774636.85533 H7721-0403 Geelong Rifle Range 271679.86522 5774470.24766 H7721-0404 Point Henry (West) Bluestone Groyne Scatter 273732.95697 5774833.71125 H7721-0405 Point Henry (West) Hard or Rubbish Dump 273686.98256 5775322.72694 H7721-0405 Structure 273808.70451 5775334.21833 H7721-0406 Point Henry Land Reclamation/ Erosion Control 273760.89607 5775731.76953 H7721-0407 Point Henry (West) Timber Groyne #1 273846.56060 5776159.90168 H7721-0407 Point Henry (West) Timber Groyne #2 273852.01849 5776177.60297 H7721-0407 Point Henry (West) Timber Groyne #3 273859.09901 5776196.77936 H7721-0407 Point Henry (West) Timber Groyne #4 273865.88450 5776213.59559 H7721-0407 Point Henry (West) Timber Groyne #5 273871.19489 5776233.36202 H7721-0407 Point Henry (West) Timber Groyne #6 273877.83287 5776252.24340 H7721-0408 Kossaks Jetty 273899.82714 5776437.64072 H7721-0409 W H Smith Western Jetty 273756.91707 5776471.19968 H7721-0410 Tea Gardens 274176.14518 5776409.05462 H7721-0411 Sinclairs Jetty (West) 273931.66694 5776542.14337 H7721-0412 Point Henry Quarantine Station 274194.77571 5776330.74285

H7721-0413 Point Henry Signal Station 274120.80388 5776534.68888 H7721-0414 Pilots Jetty 274319.14871 5776897.61131 H7721-0415 Point Henry (Quarantine?) Jetty 274350.15243 5776829.99854 H7721-0416 W H Smith Eastern Jetty 274633.93478 5776871.28961 H7721-0417 Sinclairs Jetty (East) 274430.74974 5776582.64864 H7721-0418 Point Henry Trig Beacon 274193.63219 5776783.29991 H7721-0419 Point Henry Anchorage 276334.52231 5776525.62916 H7721-0420 Point Henry (East) Bluestone Blocks and Mooring Posts 275373.92035 5774834.42057 H7721-0420 Point Henry (East) Bluestone Blocks, Groynes and Mooring Posts 275506.89465 5774673.36060 H7721-0421 Boat Channel 274004.94843 5777681.89745 H7721-0421 Boat Channel 274315.20441 5777084.03776

H7721- South Channel 272816.35619 5779415.13725


0422

H7721-0423 North Channel 274398.07252 5780424.60912 H7721-0424 Hopetoun Channel 272960.29239 5777348.62661

Modern Alcoa Refinery Pier, Conveyor and Silos 274745.61380 5776439.76351

modern Alexander Thompson Jetty 268819.96899 5774800.82335

modern Alexander Thompson Pier 268819.46970 5774800.41639

modern Australian Volunteer Coastguard 268421.24317 5777357.39819

modern Avalon Beach Boat Ramp 274079.16875 5781400.65759

modern Avalon Beach Boat Ramp Pier 274081.98265 5781388.22492

modern Fishermans Harbour Breakwater 269059.16241 5774648.58649

modern Fishermans Harbour Pier 268998.37567 5774679.17469

modern Fishermans Harbour Walkway 268995.32185 5774636.11742

modern Geelong Port Social Club 268560.16420 5774906.42429

modern Geelong Trailable Yacht Club 268400.77520 5777680.72818

modern Griffins Gulley Jetty 268204.59013 5775641.83704

modern Moorabool Basin 268750.24691 5774797.79183

Modern New Bulk Wheat Pier 268974.34873 5778330.34026

modern Refinery Pier 270721.29151 5781080.50978

modern Rippleside Anchor Display 268258.73248 5776538.28017

modern Rippleside Park Memorial and Lamppost Base 268271.19804 5776595.65256

modern Rippleside Pier 268474.58038 5776671.87930

modern Royal Geelong Yacht Club Hard 269140.57097 5774613.45763

modern Royal Geelong Yacht Club Land Reclmation 269097.54333 5774626.82969

modern Royal Geelong Yacht Club Pier, Boat Pens and Breakwater 269191.95013 5774755.05427

modern Royal Geelong Yacht Club Small Boat Ramps 269176.73349 5774607.78905

modern Shell Refinery Coolant Water Intake Culvert 270494.85429 5781538.03790

modern Shell Refinery Coolant Water Outlet Culvert 270836.53570 5782132.89429

modern Shell Refinery Coolant Water Outlet Pipe 270683.20162 5781970.04907

modern Shell Refinery Storm Water Outlet 270561.08962 5781649.80423

modern St Helens Jetty (Modern) 268456.54639 5777085.23813

modern St Helens Marina 268453.22438 5777532.65520

modern Western Beach Boat Club Jetty 268425.34816 5775150.55560

modern Western Beach Diving Platform 268332.21469 5775308.61012

modern Western Beach Seawall and Land Reclamtion Phase 4 268369.16270 5775133.30581

modern Yarra Pier (Modern) 269025.84660 5774704.50250

modern? Grammar School Lagoon Boat Ramp 271289.32881 5782498.94119

modern? Limeburners Bay Boat Shed and Storage 272309.45632 5782867.22526

modern? Limeburners Bay Boat Shed and Storage Boat Ramp 272310.83421 5782849.55227

modern? Rippleside Culvert Outlet Training Walls 268285.71066 5776583.82921

modern? TS Barwon Naval Cadet Pier 268418.89530 5775102.20309

modern? Corio Bay Sailing Clubrooms and Sheds 272194.49200 5782837.55560


Appendix Four: Maritime Infrastructure Site Themes

HI_ SITE_NAME CATEGORY H7721-0136 Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform # 12 recreational fishing

H0929 Eastern Beach Baths tourism, recreation

H1085 Geelong Customs House #1/ Telegraph Station #1 customs, communications

H1101 Osborne House Naval College defence

H1157 Cheethams Saltworks (Moolap) salt trade

H1527 Geelong Telegraph Office and Timeball Tower H7721-0003 Limeburners Point Causeway limeburning H7721-0003 Limeburners Point Lime Kilns limeburning H7721-0003 Limeburners Point Structure Foundation limeburning H7721-0003 Old Limeburners Point Lime Pits limeburning H7721-0003 Victorian Lime and Cement Company Quarry Lease #1 lime burning H7721-0003 Victorian Lime and Cement Company Quarry Lease #2 lime burning H7721-0008 Walshs Fence Posts defence H7721-0008 Walshs Jetty #1 defence H7721-0008 Walshs Jetty #2 and Boat Ramp defence H7721-0008 Walshs Jetty #3 defence H7721-0008 Walshs Jetty #4 defence H7721-0008 Walshs Jetty #5 defence H7721-0008 Walshs Jetty #6 & Ramp defence H7721-0008 Walshs Jetty#7 defence H7721-0015 Pt Lillias Quarry ballast trade H7721-0015 Pt Lillias Quarry ballast trade H7721-0061 New Jetty/ Steamboat Pier/ Moorabool Pier harbour facilities H7721-0089 Pt Lillias Fishtrap fishing, indigenous H7721-0090 Cochs Boatbreakers boatbreaking H7721-0091 Vernacular Harbour/Higgs Marine Boatbuilders boatbuilding H7721-0092 Bird Rock Ballast Station ballast H7721-0093 North Channel Lightship navigation H7721-0094 Heaths Oyster Farm aquaculture H7721-0094 Heaths Oyster Midden aquaculture H7721-0095 Pt Lillias Trig Beacon harbour facilities H7721-0096 Cheethams Saltworks Avalon salt trade H7721-0097 Avalon Beach Fishermens Mooring Area fishing, recreation

H7721- Avalon Beach Fishermens Village recreation, fishing


0097

H7721-0097 Avalon Beach Fishermens Village Anglers Club Slipway and Ramp fishing, recreation H7721-0097 Avalon Beach Fishermens Village Groyne fishing, recreation H7721-0097 Avalon Beach Fishermens Village Iron Slipway Cradle on Wheels recreation, fishing H7721-0097 Avalon Beach Fishermens Village Shacks fishing, recreation H7721-0098 Austins Sewerage or Stormwater Outfall Cesspit recreation H7721-0099 Austins Baths and Pier recreation, education H7721-0099 Austins Pier Abutment Rubble recreation, education

H7721-01 Corio Bay Rowing Club recreation H7721-0100 Limeburners Bay Fence Posts Piles recreation, education H7721-0129 Lagoon Boat Club Clubrooms, Slipway and Hard recreation, boatbuilding H7721-0129 Lagoon Boat Club Mooring Area recreation, boatbuilding H7721-0129 Lagoon Boat Club Pier and Boat Ramp recreation, boatbuilding H7721-0129 Lagoon Boat Club Slipway recreation, boatbuilding H7721-0130 Geelong Grammar School Baths recreation, school H7721-0130 Geelong Grammar School Boat Shed recreation H7721-0130 Geelong Grammar School Boathouse and Pier recreation, school H7721-0130 Geelong Grammar School Boatramp recreation, education H7721-0131 Duck Ponds Limeburners limeburning H7721-0132 Kings Wharf logging, steel H7721-0133 Incitec Pivot Fertilisers and Conveyor fertiliser H7721-0133 Lascelles Wharf fertiliser H7721-0134 Landboomers Jetty/ Pivot Pier fertiliser, land sales H7721-0135 Corio Channel #8 Pile Light navigation H7721-0135 Corio Channel Marker #5 harbour facilities H7721-0135 Corio Channel Marker #6 harbour facilities H7721-0136 Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #1 recreation, fishing H7721-0136 Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #10 recreation, fishing H7721-0136 Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #11 recreation, fishing H7721-0136 Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #13 recreational fishing H7721-0136 Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #14 recreation, fishing H7721-0136 Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #2 recreation, fishing H7721-0136 Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #3 recreation, fishing H7721-0136 Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #4 recreation, fishing H7721-0136 Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #5 recreation, fishing

H7721- Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #6 recreation, fishing


0136

H7721-0136 Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #7 recreation, fishing H7721-0136 Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #8 recreation, fishing H7721-0136 Moorpanyal Park Vernacular Fishing Platform #9 recreation, fishing H7721-0137 Moorpanyal Park Shell Midden fishing, indigenous, recreation, H7721-0138 Bird Rock Beacon navigation H7721-0139 Moorpanyal Park Drain Outlet Disperser municipal services H7721-0140 North Shore Baths Changing Rooms recreation H7721-0140 North Shore Baths Seawall recreation H7721-0141 International Harvester Water Coolant Intake Pipe Pier and Outlet Pipe agricultural equipment H7721-0142 Fletchers Pier frozen meat trade H7721-0143 Prison Hulk Moorings Cowies Creek - Sacramento convicts, harbour facilities H7721-0144 Corio Quay North #1 & 2 woodchip trade H7721-0144 Corio Quay North #3 woodchip trade H7721-0144 Fords Pier automobile industry H7721-0145 Oriental Timber Mill Log Pond timber trade H7721-0147 Corio Freezing Works and Abbatoir Freezing Rooms frozen meat trade H7721-0147 Corio Freezing Works and Abbatoir Wharf frozen meat trade H7721-0147 Corio Quay South Berth #2 timber trade H7721-0148 Cresco Fertilizer Jetty fertiliser trade H7721-0149 Bulk Wheat Pier wheat trade H7721-0149 Grain Elevators Board Silos, Warehouses and Convetors wheat trade H7721-0150 State Energy Commission Pier electricity H7721-0151 Osborne House Boatshed recreation, defence H7721-0151 Osborne House Jetty recreation, defence H7721-0151 Swinburne St Baths recreation, defence H7721-0152 St Helens Baths (Enclosed Jetties) recreation H7721-0152 St Helens Boatshed #1 recreation H7721-0152 St Helens Boatshed #2 recreation H7721-0152 St Helens Jetty recreation H7721-0153

Huttons Wharf/ Rippleside Shipyard and Slipway/ Rippleside Geelong Harbour Trust Workshops ballast, recereation, harbour service

H7721-0153 Huttons Wharf/Pier harbour facilities, boatbuilding H7721-0153 Rippleside Geelong Harbour Trust Slipway and Dolphins harbour services, boatbuilding H7721-0153 Rippleside GHT Crane harbour facilities H7721-0154 Rippleside Front Lead Marker navigation


H7721-0154 Rippleside Rear Lead Marker navigation H7721-0155 Rippleside Baths Changing Rooms recreation H7721-0155 Rippleside Baths Retaining Wall and Gardens/ Changeroom Area recreation H7721-0155 Rippleside Groyne #1 recreation H7721-0155 Rippleside Groyne #2 recreation H7721-0155 Rippleside Groyne #3 recreation H7721-0155 Rippleside Pipe Outlet Groyne #1 recreation H7721-0156 Rippleside Unidentified Pier Piles baths H7721-0157 Rippleside Jetty recreation H7721-0158 Rippleside Seawall (Type 1) recreation H7721-0158 Rippleside Seawall Type #3 recreation H7721-0158 Rippleside Seawall Type #4 recreation H7721-0158 Rippleside Seawall Type 2 recreation H7721-0159 Western Beach Concrete Groyne # tourism, recreation H7721-0159 Western Beach Concrete Groyne # tourism, recreation H7721-0159 Western Beach Concrete Groyne # tourism, recreation H7721-0159 Western Beach Concrete Groyne # tourism, recreation H7721-0159 Western Beach Concrete Groyne # tourism, recreation H7721-0159 Western Beach Concrete Groyne # tourism, recreation H7721-0159 Western Beach Concrete Groyne # tourism, recreation H7721-0159 Western Beach Concrete Groyne # tourism, recreation H7721-0159 Western Beach Concrete Groyne # tourism, recreation H7721-0159 Western Beach Concrete Groyne # tourism, recreation H7721-0159 Western Beach Former Steps in Retaining Wall tourism, recreation H7721-0159 Western Beach Seawall, Promenade and Landscaping tourism, recreation H7721-0160 Western Beach Stormwater DropShaft and Outlet Pipe Support Pier municipal services

H7721-0161 Glenleith Avenue Jetty harbour facilities H7721-0162 Western Beach Bathing Company Baths/ Ladies Baths tourism, recreation H7721-0163 Western Beach Boat Club House and Slipway recreation, boatbuilding H7721-0164 Western Beach Box Culvert Groyne #1 municipal services H7721-0164 Western Beach Pipe Outlet Groyne #2 municipal services H7721-0164 Western Beach Pipe Outlet Groyne #3 municipal services H7721-0165 Western Beach Sea Bathing Compnay Gents Baths/Ladies Baths tourism, recreation H7721-0166 Billy Blunts Slipway/Barrows Slipway/ Western Beach Boat Club Slipway recreation, defence

H7721- Corio Bay Rowing Club Pier/ Blunts (Billy) Boatyard Pier / Barrows Boatyard Pier boatbuilding


0166

H7721-0166

Corio Bay Rowing Club/ Billy Blunts Boatbuilders/Barrows Boat Yard/ Western Beach Boat Club boatbuilding. boat club

H7721-0166 Corio Bay Rowing Club/ Western Beach Boat Club recreation H7721-0166 Western Beach Boat Club Pier and Boat Ramp recreation H7721-0166 Western Beach Boat Club Workshop boatbuilding, boat club H7721-0167 TS Barwon Naval Reserve Cadets recreation H7721-0167 TS Barwon Naval Reserve Cadets Jetty defence H7721-0168 Hicks Brothers Marine boatbuilding H7721-0168 Hicks Brothers Marine Former Offices boatbuilding H7721-0168 Hicks Brothers Marine Slipway, Traverse and Winch Shed boatbuilding H7721-0168 Victoria Baths/ Western Beach Mens Baths tourism, recreation H7721-0169 Geelong Nautical Centre Chandlery/ Lew marine Boat Builders boatbuilding , harbour services H7721-0169 Geelong Nautical Centre/Lew Marine Boat Repairs boatbuilding & maintenance H7721-0169 Geelong Nautical Centre/Lew Marine Pier boatbuilding & maintenance H7721-0169 Geelong Nautical Centre/Lew Marine slipway boatbuilding & maintenance H7721-0170 Ausport Marine Pier boatbuilding, fishing H7721-0170 Ausport Marine Slipway and Traverse boatbuilding, fishing H7721-0170 Ausport Marine Timber Boat Ramp boatbuilding, fishing H7721-0170 Professional Fishermens Slipway/ Vicsail/ Ausport Marine Boat Maintenance Yard boatbuilding H7721-0171 Western Beach Seawall #1 and Land Reclamation Phase 1 harbour facilities H7721-0171 Western Beach Seawall #1 and Land Reclamation Phase 2 harbour facilities H7721-0171 Western Beach Seawall #1 and Land Reclamation Phase 3 harbour facilities H7721-0172 Geelong Public Bathing House/ Jackson and Rays Bathing House tourism, recreation H7721-0173 Wooden Barge Yard/ Higgs Brothers Marine boatbuilding H7721-0174 Customs Reserve for Goods Shed customs H7721-0175 Railway Pier railway H7721-0175 Railway Pier / Cunningham railway H7721-0176 Railway Pier Railway Siding railway H7721-0177 Sailors Rest #2 harbour facilities H7721-0178 Sailors Rest #1 harbour facilities H7721-0179 Customs House Reserve #3 customs H7721-0180 Sailors Rest #3 harbour facilities H7721-0181 Central Geelong Seawall and Land Reclamation harbour facilities H7721-0182 Huddart Parker Offices, Coal Yard and Sheds shipping company offices and yardH7721-0183 Compass Adjusting Buoy harbour facilities


H7721-0184 Small Boat Craft Jetty harbour facilities H7721-0185 Howard Smith and Company shipping company offices and yardH7721-0185 Howard Smith and Company Coal Yard shipping company offices and yardH7721-0186 McIlwraith and McEachran and Company Coal Yard coal yard H7721-0187 McGlashan Boatbuilders (position approx) boatbuilding H7721-0189 New Pier/ Steampacket Jetty/Steamboat Pier/ Steamboat Jetty harbour facilities H7721-0190 Yarra St Warping Dolphin harbour facilities H7721-0191 Steampacket Jetty to Yarra St Jetty Wharf Walkway tourism, recreation H7721-0192 Customs Sheds/ Harbour Masters Office customs, harbour facilities H7721-0192 Electric Supply Company Jetty - position approx electricity H7721-0193 Western Timber Company timber trade H7721-0194 Geelong Harbour Trust Store Yard harbour facilities H7721-0194 Public Works Slipway harbour facilities H7721-0194 Stevedoring Company stevedore H7721-0194 Yarra Pier Goods Shed (La Parisian Restaurant) harbour facilities H7721-0195 Yarra St Jetty harbour facilities H7721-0195 Yarra St Jetty harbour facilities H7721-0195 Yarra St Pier harbour facilities H7721-0196 Fishermans Harbour fishing H7721-0196 Fishermans Harbour Seawall fishing H7721-0196 Fishermans Jetty / Fishermans Arm fishing H7721-0198 Queens Wharf/ Stoney Jetty/ Eastern Jetty/ Customs Wharf or Jetty/ Eastern Pier harbour facilities, customs H7721-0199 Standard Tide Gauge harbour facilities H7721-0200 Geelong Harbour Trust / Customs Boat Shed harbour facilities, customs H7721-0200 Geelong Harbour Trust Slipway harbour facilities H7721-0200 Harbour Boat Shed / Customs Boat Shed/Geelong arbour Trust Boat Shed and Slipway harbour facilities, customs H7721-0201 Anglers Club recreation, fishing H7721-0202 Geelong Morgue harbour facilities H7721-0203 Bellarine St Pier recreation H7721-0203 Geelong Yacht Club Club House #1 recreation H7721-0203 Geelong Yacht Club Jetty and Pens/ Bellarine Pier recreation H7721-0203 Royal Geelong Yacht Club recreation H7721-0203 Royal Geelong Yacht Club Cadet Dinghy Slipway recreation H7721-0203 Royal Geelong Yacht Club Clubhouse #2/ Cadet Squadron Clubhouse recreation H7721-0203 Royal Geelong Yacht Club Slipway recreation


H7721-0203 Royal Geelong Yacht Club Yacht Tender Ramp recreation H7721-0203 Yacht Moorings recreation H7721-0204 Customs House #2 customs H7721-0204 Customs House #2 / Telegraph Office #1, Harbour Masters Office #1

customs, communications, harbour facilities

H7721-0204 Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust Pumping Station House municial facilities H7721-0204 Harbour Masters Office # 1 harbour facilities H7721-0204 Harbour Masters Office 1893 harbour facilities H7721-0204 Telegraph Station #1/ Customs House #1 communications, customs H7721-0205 Eastern Beach Seawall #1 harbour facilities H7721-0206 Site Hospital Drain/ Bellarine Drain municipal facilities H7721-0207 Beach Battery defence H7721-0207 Norris Boat Builders boatbuilding H7721-0207 Norris Boat Builders Slipway boatbuilding H7721-0208 Eastern Beach Groyne #1 tourism, recreation H7721-0209 Taits Boat Builders boatbuilding H7721-0209 Taits Boat Builders Jetty boatbuilding H7721-0209 Taits Boat Builders Slipway boatbuilding H7721-0210 Eastern Beach Unknown Structure #1 H7721-0210 Eastern Beach Unknown Structure #2 H7721-0211 Blunts (Clement) Boat Builders boatbuilding H7721-0211 Blunts (Clement) Boat Builders Jetty boatbuilding H7721-0211 Blunts (Clement) Boat Builders Slipway boatbuilding H7721-0212 Joy Ark tourism, recreation H7721-0213 Andersons Bathing House tourism, recreation H7721-0214 Pilots Reserve Cottages pilots H7721-0215 Government Immigration Depot immigration H7721-0216 Geelong Sea Bathing Company tourism, recreation H7721-0216 Geelong Sea Bathing Company Gents tourism, recreation H7721-0216 Geelong Sea Bathing Company Gents Baths Shore Pavillion tourism, recreation H7721-0216 Geelong Sea Bathing Company Promenade tourism, recreation H7721-0217 Eastern Beach Groyne #2 tourism, recreation H7721-0218 Geelong Sea Bathing Company Ladies Baths tourism, recreation H7721-0219 Artificial Stone Manufacturer/ Hayes Patent Stone Manufactory building industry H7721-0219 Artificial Stone Manufacturer/ Hayes Patent Stone Manufactory Building building industry

H7721- Eastern Beach Seawall #5 tourism, recreation


0220

H7721-0221 Eastern Beach Bluestone Drain Outlet Disperser tourism, recreation H7721-0222 Eastern Beach Mineral Spring #1 tourism, recreation H7721-0222 Eastern Beach Mineral Spring #2 tourism, recreation H7721-0223 Parkside Swimming Pool tourism, recreation H7721-0223 Parkside Swimming Pool Groyne #1 tourism, recreation H7721-0223 Parkside Swimming Pool Groyne #2 tourism, recreation H7721-0224 Eastern Beach Seawall #6 tourism, recreation H7721-0225 Eastern Beach Ceramic Pipe Drain and Brick Outlet Support municipal facilities H7721-0227 Prison Hulk Moorings Limeburners Point- Sacramento and Success convicts, harbour facilities H7721-0228 Bouchers Hut limeburning H7721-0228 Bouchers Hut limeburning H7721-0228 Bouchers Hut limeburning H7721-0228 Bouchers Lime Kiln limeburning H7721-0228 Bouchers Lime Kiln Site?? - Brick Scatter limeburning H7721-0228 Bouchers Lime Quarry ? limeburning H7721-0228 Bourchier Rubble Road lime burning H7721-0228 Cakebreads Hut limeburning H7721-0228 Cakebreads Huts limeburning H7721-0228 Cakebreads Lime Burning Lease limeburning H7721-0228 Cakebreads Lime Burning Lease limeburning H7721-0228 Cakebreads Lime Kiln limeburning H7721-0228 Cakebreads Lime Kiln limeburning H7721-0228 Dyers Lime Burning Lease limeburning H7721-0228 Eastern Beach Lime Burners Hut limeburning H7721-0228 Eastern Beach Lime Burners Quarry limeburning H7721-0228 Eastern Beach Lime Burners Quarry limeburning H7721-0228 Eastern Beach Lime Burners Quarry limeburning H7721-0228 Eastern Beach Lime Burners Structural Rubble limeburning H7721-0228 Eastern Beach Lime Burning Lease limeburning H7721-0228 Eastern Beach Lime Burning Lease limeburning H7721-0228 Eastern Beach Lime Burning Quarry limeburning H7721-0228 Eastern Beach Lime Kiln limeburning H7721-0228 Eastern Beach Lime Kiln limeburning H7721-0228 Taylors Hut limeburning


H7721-0228 Taylors Lime Kiln limeburning H7721-0400 Limeburners Jetty defence, limeburning H7721-0400 Magazine Jetty limeburning, harbour facilities, defenH7721-0401 Preliminary Marble Company Quarry marble quarrying H7721-0402 Limeburners Point Powder Magazine defence, harbour facilities H7721-0402 Powder Magazine defence, harbour facilities H7721-0403 Geelong Rifle Range defence H7721-0404 Point Henry (West) Bluestone Groyne Scatter salt trade? H7721-0405 Point Henry (West) Hard or Rubbish Dump recreation?, municipal service H7721-0405 Structure quarantine? H7721-0406 Point Henry Land Reclamation/ Erosion Control H7721-0407 Point Henry (West) Timber Groyne #1 harbour facilities H7721-0407 Point Henry (West) Timber Groyne #2 harbour facilities H7721-0407 Point Henry (West) Timber Groyne #3 harbour facilities H7721-0407 Point Henry (West) Timber Groyne #4 harbour facilities H7721-0407 Point Henry (West) Timber Groyne #5 harbour facilities H7721-0407 Point Henry (West) Timber Groyne #6 harbour facilities H7721-0408 Kossaks Jetty tourism, recreation H7721-0409 W H Smith Western Jetty tourism, recreation H7721-0410 Tea Gardens tourism, recreation H7721-0411 Sinclairs Jetty (West) tourism, recreation H7721-0412 Point Henry Quarantine Station quarantine

H7721-0413 Point Henry Signal Station harbour facilities H7721-0414 Pilots Jetty tourism, recreation H7721-0415 Point Henry (Quarantine?) Jetty quarantine? H7721-0416 W H Smith Eastern Jetty tourism, recreation H7721-0417 Sinclairs Jetty (East) tourism, recreation H7721-0418 Point Henry Trig Beacon surveying H7721-0419 Point Henry Anchorage harbour facilities H7721-0420 Point Henry (East) Bluestone Blocks and Mooring Posts fishing? H7721-0420 Point Henry (East) Bluestone Blocks, Groynes and Mooring Posts fishing? H7721-0421 Boat Channel navigation H7721-0421 Boat Channel navigation H7721-0422 South Channel navigation

H7721- North Channel navigation


0423

H7721-0424 Hopetoun Channel navigation

Modern Alcoa Refinery Pier, Conveyor and Silos aluminium

modern Alexander Thompson Jetty harbour facilities

modern Alexander Thompson Pier harbour facilities

modern Australian Volunteer Coastguard lifesaving

modern Avalon Beach Boat Ramp fishing, recreation

modern Avalon Beach Boat Ramp Pier fishing, recreation

modern Fishermans Harbour Breakwater fishing

modern Fishermans Harbour Pier fishing

modern Fishermans Harbour Walkway fishing

modern Geelong Port Social Club harbour facilities, recreation

modern Geelong Trailable Yacht Club recreation

modern Griffins Gulley Jetty recreation

modern Moorabool Basin harbour facilities

Modern New Bulk Wheat Pier wheat trade

modern Refinery Pier oil

modern Rippleside Anchor Display recreation

modern Rippleside Park Memorial and Lamppost Base recreation

modern Rippleside Pier harbour services, boatbuilding

modern Royal Geelong Yacht Club Hard recreation

modern Royal Geelong Yacht Club Land Reclmation recreation

modern Royal Geelong Yacht Club Pier, Boat Pens and Breakwater recreation

modern Royal Geelong Yacht Club Small Boat Ramps recreation

modern Shell Refinery Coolant Water Intake Culvert oil

modern Shell Refinery Coolant Water Outlet Culvert oil

modern Shell Refinery Coolant Water Outlet Pipe oil

modern Shell Refinery Storm Water Outlet oil

modern St Helens Jetty (Modern) recreation

modern St Helens Marina receration

modern Western Beach Boat Club Jetty recreation, boatbuilding

modern Western Beach Diving Platform recreation

modern Western Beach Seawall and Land Reclamtion Phase 4 harbour facilities

modern Yarra Pier (Modern) harbour facilities

modern? Grammar School Lagoon Boat Ramp recreation

modern? Limeburners Bay Boat Shed and Storage recreation, boatbuilding

modern? Limeburners Bay Boat Shed and Storage Boat Ramp recreation

modern? Rippleside Culvert Outlet Training Walls recreation

modern? TS Barwon Naval Cadet Pier recreayion, defence

modern? Corio Bay Sailing Clubrooms and Sheds recreation

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