MEASURE FOR MEASURE

MEASURE FOR MEASURE

Webster’s Thesaurus Edition for PSAT®, SAT®, GRE®, LSAT®, GMAT®, and AP® English Test Preparation

William Shakespeare

PSAT is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit ScholarshipCorporation neither of which sponsors or endorses this book; SAT is a registered trademark of the CollegeBoard which neither sponsors nor endorses this book; GRE, AP and Advanced Placement are registeredtrademarks of the Educational Testing Service which neither sponsors nor endorses this book, GMAT is aregistered trademark of the Graduate Management Admissions Council which is neither affiliated with this booknor endorses this book, LSAT is a registered trademark of the Law School Admissions Council which neithersponsors nor endorses this product. All rights reserved.

PSAT® is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit Scholarship Corporation neither of which sponsors or endorses this book; SAT® is a registered trademark of the College Board which neither sponsors nor endorses this book; GRE®, AP® and Advanced Placement® are registered trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which neither sponsors nor endorses this book, GMAT® is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management Admissions Council which is neither affiliated with this book nor endorses this book, LSAT® is a registered trademark of the Law School Admissions Council which neither sponsors nor endorses this product. All rights reserved.

Measure for Measure

Webster’s Thesaurus Edition for PSAT®, SAT®, GRE®, LSAT®,

GMAT®, and AP® English Test Preparation

William Shakespeare

I C O N C L A S S I C S

Published by ICON Group International, Inc.

7404 Trade Street San Diego, CA 92121 USA

www.icongrouponline.com

Measure for Measure: Webster’s Thesaurus Edition for PSAT®, SAT®, GRE®, LSAT®, GMAT®, and

AP® English Test Preparation

This edition published by ICON Classics in 2005 Printed in the United States of America.

Copyright ©2005 by ICON Group International, Inc.

Edited by Philip M. Parker, Ph.D. (INSEAD); Copyright ©2005, all rights reserved.

All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Copying our publications in whole or in part, for whatever reason, is a violation of copyright laws and can lead to penalties and fines. Should you want to copy tables, graphs, or other materials, please contact us to request permission (E-mail: [email protected]). ICON Group often grants permission for very limited reproduction of our publications for internal use, press releases, and academic research. Such reproduction requires confirmed permission from ICON Group International, Inc.

PSAT® is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit Scholarship Corporation neither of which sponsors or endorses this book; SAT® is a registered trademark of the College Board which neither sponsors nor endorses this book; GRE®, AP® and Advanced Placement® are registered trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which neither sponsors nor endorses this book, GMAT® is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management Admissions Council which is neither affiliated with this book nor endorses this book, LSAT® is a registered trademark of the Law School Admissions Council which neither sponsors nor endorses this product. All rights reserved.

ISBN 0-497-25352-6

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iii

Contents

PREFACE FROM THE EDITOR.......................................................................................... 1 PERSONS REPRESENTED. ............................................................................................... 3 ACT I ................................................................................................................................ 5 ACT II ............................................................................................................................. 25 ACT III ............................................................................................................................ 61 ACT IV ............................................................................................................................ 85 ACT V ........................................................................................................................... 111 GLOSSARY ................................................................................................................... 137

William Shakespeare 1

PREFACE FROM THE EDITOR

Designed for school districts, educators, and students seeking to maximize performance on standardized tests, Webster’s paperbacks take advantage of the fact that classics are frequently assigned readings in English courses. By using a running thesaurus at the bottom of each page, this edition of Measure for Measure by William Shakespeare was edited for students who are actively building their vocabularies in anticipation of taking PSAT®, SAT®, AP® (Advanced Placement®), GRE®, LSAT®, GMAT® or similar examinations.1 Webster’s edition of this classic is organized to expose the reader to a maximum number of synonyms and antonyms for difficult and often ambiguous English words that are encountered in other works of literature, conversation, or academic examinations. Extremely rare or idiosyncratic words and expressions are given lower priority in the notes compared to words which are “difficult, and often encountered” in examinations. Rather than supply a single synonym, many are provided for a variety of meanings, allowing readers to better grasp the ambiguity of the English language, and avoid using the notes as a pure crutch. Having the reader decipher a word’s meaning within context serves to improve vocabulary retention and understanding. Each page covers words not already highlighted on previous pages. If a difficult word is not noted on a page, chances are that it has been highlighted on a previous page. A more complete thesaurus is supplied at the end of the book; Synonyms and antonyms are extracted from Webster’s Online Dictionary. Definitions of remaining terms as well as translations can be found at www.websters-online-dictionary.org. Please send suggestions to [email protected]

The Editor

Webster’s Online Dictionary www.websters-online-dictionary.org

1 PSAT® is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit Scholarship Corporation neither of which sponsors or endorses this book; SAT® is a registered trademark of the College Board which neither sponsors nor endorses this book; GRE®, AP® and Advanced Placement® are registered trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which neither sponsors nor endorses this book, GMAT® is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management Admissions Council which is neither affiliated with this book nor endorses this book, LSAT® is a registered trademark of the Law School Admissions Council which neither sponsors nor endorses this product. All rights reserved.

http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/


mailto:[email protected]



PERSONS REPRESENTED. %

VICENTIO, Duke of Vienna. ANGELO, Lord Deputy in the Duke's absence. ESCALUS, an ancient Lord, joined with Angelo in the deputation. CLAUDIO, a young Gentleman. LUCIO, a Fantastic. TWO OTHER LIKE GENTLEMEN. VARRIUS, a Gentleman, Servant to the Duke. PROVOST. THOMAS, PETER, } Friars

A JUSTICE. ELBOW, a simple Constable. FROTH, a foolish Gentleman. CLOWN, Servant to Mistress Overdone. ABHORSON, an Executioner. BARNARDINE, a dissolute Prisoner. ISABELLA, Sister to Claudio. MARIANA, betrothed to Angelo. JULIET, beloved by Claudio. FRANCISCA, a nun. MISTRESS OVERDONE, a Bawd. LORDS, GENTLEMEN, GUARDS, OFFICERS, and other ATTENDANTS.

Thesaurus

beloved: (adj, n) dear, darling, favorite, pet; (adj) precious, loved, cherished; (n) love, dearest, honey, sweetheart. ANTONYMS: (adj) detested, despised, disliked.

betrothed: (adj) affianced, intended, bespoken, busy, occupied, contracted, attached, bargained for; (n) fiance, fiancee; (v) engage.

clown: (n) fool, joker, jester, boor, harlequin, joke, comedian, rustic, comic, acrobat; (v) antic.

deputation: (n) commission, delegation, mission, delegacy, legation, delegating, organization, organisation, empowerment, agency, contingent.

dissolute: (adj, v) dissipated, fast, wanton; (adj) abandoned, depraved, licentious, immoral, corrupt, profligate, degenerate; (adj, n) libertine. ANTONYMS: (adj) moral, upright, chaste, restrained, good, resolute, virtuous, pure, cautious,

righteous, innocent. elbow: (n, v) poke, nudge, jolt; (n)

cubitus, elbow joint, angle, articulation; (v) jostle, push, shove, crowd.

froth: (n, v) bubble, spume, fizz, suds, sparkle; (v) boil, effervesce, ferment; (n) effervescence, bubbles, spindrift.

provost: (n) burgomaster, chancellor, magistrate, prefect, archon, syndic, rector, warden, lieutenant, academic administrator, consul.


ACT I

SCENE I. An apartment in the DUKE'S Palace.%

[Enter DUKE, ESCALUS, LORDS, and ATTENDANTS.] DUKE.

Escalus,-- ESCALUS.

My lord. DUKE.

Of government the properties to unfold, Would seem in me to affect speech and discourse; Since I am put to know that your own science Exceeds, in that, the lists of all advice My strength can give you: then no more remains But that to your sufficiency, as your worth is able, And let them work. The nature of our people, Our city's institutions, and the terms For common justice, you are as pregnant in As art and practice hath enriched any That we remember. There is our commission,

Thesaurus

affect: (v) move, impress, pretend, act, strike, fake, feign, stir, dispose; (n) sentiment; (n, v) regard.

apartment: (n) residence, lodging, suite, place, dwelling, chamber, room, abode, house, home, accommodation.

enriched: (adj) educated. justice: (adj, n) equity, right, integrity,

honesty; (n) judge, impartiality, judicature, jurist, morality, justness; (adj) just. ANTONYMS: (n)

unfairness, wickedness. lists: (n) circus, Flavian amphitheater,

cockpit, Corso, hippodrome, gymnasium, bear garden, playground, race course, turf, palestra.

pregnant: (adj, v) significant; (adj) meaningful, fraught, gravid, expectant, enceinte, heavy, big, meaning; (v) impregnate, conceive. ANTONYM: (adj) nonpregnant.

strength: (n, v) power; (n) energy,

firmness, endurance, stability, potency, health, soundness; (adj, n, v) might; (adj, n) vigor, intensity. ANTONYMS: (n) frailty, shortcoming, flaw, faintness, powerlessness, moderation, limitation, instability, impotence, feebleness, disadvantage.

sufficiency: (n) enough, fill, ampleness, adequateness, fullness, capacity, competence, satisfaction, affluence; (adj, n) plenty, abundance.

Measure for Measure 6

From which we would not have you warp.--Call hither, I say, bid come before us, Angelo.-- [Exit an ATTENDANT.] What figure of us think you he will bear? For you must know we have with special soul Elected him our absence to supply; Lent him our terror, drest him with our love, And given his deputation all the organs Of our own power: what think you of it?

ESCALUS. If any in Vienna be of worth To undergo such ample grace and honour, It is Lord Angelo. [Enter ANGELO.]

DUKE. Look where he comes.%

ANGELO. Always obedient to your grace's will, I come to know your pleasure.

DUKE. Angelo, There is a kind of character in thy life That to th' observer doth thy history Fully unfold. Thyself and thy belongings Are not thine own so proper as to waste Thyself upon thy virtues, they on thee. Heaven doth with us as we with torches do, Not light them for themselves: for if our virtues Did not go forth of us, 'twere all alike As if we had them not. Spirits are not finely touch'd But to fine issues: nor nature never lends

Thesaurus

ample: (adj) abundant, big, broad, copious, large, plentiful, heavy, liberal, roomy, affluent, considerable. ANTONYMS: (adj) small, meager, insufficient, scarce, sparse, scant, cramped, narrow, partial, sketchy, slender.

finely: (adv) delicately, beautifully, magnificently, splendidly, exquisitely, rarely, excellently, lovely, slightly, nicely, bravely. ANTONYMS: (adv) roughly,

coarsely, intensely, poorly. issues: (n) edition. obedient: (adj) submissive, compliant,

good, conformable, tame, acquiescent, dutiful, meek, biddable, amenable, subservient. ANTONYMS: (adj) defiant, assertive, rebellious, crooked, intractable, naughty, wild, resistant.

undergo: (v) experience, encounter, sustain, have, endure, bear, tolerate, go through, take, feel, know.

ANTONYMS: (v) commit, do, execute.

unfold: (v) spread, open, extend, develop, stretch, spread out, reveal, display, stretch out; (adj, v) expound, explain. ANTONYMS: (v) fold, block, stagnate, stop, hide, withhold, check, wrap, conceal.

virtues: (n) brawn, sinew, qualities, nerve, manner, habit, disposition, custom.


The smallest scruple of her excellence But, like a thrifty goddess, she determines Herself the glory of a creditor, Both thanks and use. But I do bend my speech To one that can my part in him advertise; Hold, therefore, Angelo; In our remove be thou at full ourself: Mortality and mercy in Vienna Live in thy tongue and heart! Old Escalus, Though first in question, is thy secondary: Take thy commission.%

ANGELO. Now, good my lord, Let there be some more test made of my metal, Before so noble and so great a figure Be stamped upon it.

DUKE. No more evasion: We have with a leaven'd and prepared choice Proceeded to you; therefore take your honours. Our haste from hence is of so quick condition That it prefers itself, and leaves unquestion'd Matters of needful value. We shall write to you As time and our concernings shall importune, How it goes with us; and do look to know What doth befall you here. So, fare you well: To the hopeful execution do I leave you Of your commissions.

ANGELO. Yet give leave, my lord, That we may bring you something on the way.

Thesaurus

befall: (v) bechance, become, happen, fall, arise, come about, occur, betide, chance, transpire, pass.

goddess: (n) divinity, God, beauty, nymph; (adj, n) idol; (adj) duck, darling, angel, Dulcinea, ladylove, inamorata.

haste: (n, v) hurry, dash, dispatch, rush; (n) celerity, expedition, rapidity, speed, bustle, hastiness, quickness. ANTONYMS: (n) delay, patience, forethought, caution.

hopeful: (adj) confident, auspicious, bright, optimistic, sanguine, rosy, probable, likely, expectant, upbeat; (n, v) candidate. ANTONYMS: (adj) desperate, pessimistic, gloomy, pained, doubtful, bad, unhopeful, unlikely, unpromising, down.

needful: (adj) necessary, essential, indispensable, required, needed, mandatory, exigent, needy; (adj, v) requisite; (n) necessity, almighty dollar.

scruple: (adj, v) hesitate, demur, pause; (n) hesitation, qualm, misgiving, distrust, objection; (n, v) mistrust; (v) falter, question.

stamped: (adj) beaten, marked, pressed, printed; (v) fixed, engraved.

thrifty: (adj) careful, economical, provident, sparing, prudent, stingy, saving, spare, parsimonious, chary, scotch. ANTONYMS: (adj) wasteful, spendthrift, profligate, extravagant, generous.


DUKE. My haste may not admit it; Nor need you, on mine honour, have to do With any scruple: your scope is as mine own: So to enforce or qualify the laws As to your soul seems good. Give me your hand; I'll privily away: I love the people, But do not like to stage me to their eyes: Though it do well, I do not relish well Their loud applause and 'aves' vehement: Nor do I think the man of safe discretion That does affect it. Once more, fare you well.%

ANGELO. The heavens give safety to your purposes!

ESCALUS. Lead forth and bring you back in happiness.

DUKE. I thank you. Fare you well. [Exit.]

ESCALUS. I shall desire you, sir, to give me leave To have free speech with you; and it concerns me To look into the bottom of my place: A pow'r I have, but of what strength and nature I am not yet instructed.

ANGELO. 'Tis so with me.--Let us withdraw together, And we may soon our satisfaction have Touching that point.

Thesaurus

applause: (n, v) acclaim, praise; (n) admiration, approval, eulogy, compliment, plaudit, commendation, clapping, clap, ovation. ANTONYMS: (n) disapproval, Boos, booing, denigration, hisses, hissing, rejection, condemnation, criticism, jeering.

concerns: (n) dealings, affairs. enforce: (v) compel, constrain, carry

out, implement, impose, execute, apply, drive, dispense, effect; (n, v)

force. ANTONYMS: (v) surrender, relax, neglect, forget, exempt, disregard, abandon.

fare: (n, v) do; (n) food, aliment, board, table, charge, chow, menu, traveller; (v) come, eat. ANTONYM: (v) stop.

heavens: (n) firmament, heaven, sky, welkin, sphere, atmosphere, celestial sphere, space, skies, area, vault of heaven.

instructed: (adj) taught, tutored, enlightened, intelligent, arranged,

instruct, experienced, qualified; (v) erudite, lettered, leaned.

privily: (adv) privately, secludedly, clandestinely, occultly, latently, confidentially, covertly, intimately, obscurely, surreptitiously, personally.

relish: (n, v) enjoy, fancy, love; (n) gusto, liking, palate, enthusiasm, enjoyment; (adj, n) flavor; (v) bask, like. ANTONYM: (n) apathy.


ESCALUS. I'll wait upon your honour.%

[Exeunt.]

SCENE II. A STREET.

[Enter LUCIO and two GENTLEMEN.] LUCIO.

If the duke, with the other dukes, come not to composition with the King of Hungary, why then all the dukes fall upon the king.

FIRST GENTLEMAN. Heaven grant us its peace, but not the King of Hungary's!

SECOND GENTLEMAN. Amen.

LUCIO. Thou concludest like the sanctimonious pirate that went to sea with the ten commandments, but scraped one out of the table.

SECOND GENTLEMAN. Thou shalt not steal?

LUCIO. Ay, that he razed.

FIRST GENTLEMAN. Why, 'twas a commandment to command the captain and all the rest from their functions; they put forth to steal. There's not a soldier of us all that, in the thanksgiving before meat, do relish the petition well that prays for peace.

SECOND GENTLEMAN. I never heard any soldier dislike it.

Thesaurus

commandment: (n) order, command, fiat, edict, law, regulation, bidding, decree, caution, behest, prescription.

dislike: (n) disapproval, disaffection, antipathy, disdain, disfavor, revulsion; (n, v) hate, disinclination, aversion, distaste; (v) detest. ANTONYMS: (n) liking, fondness, taste, attraction, enjoyment, preference, longing; (v) like, enjoy, approve, adore.

heard: (n) hearing.

petition: (n, v) appeal, request, desire, claim; (v) ask, beg, crave, apply; (n) application, entreaty, invocation.

pirate: (n) buccaneer, corsair, bandit, pillager, freebooter, sea robber, robber, sea rover; (n, v) plagiarist; (v) hijack, infringe.

razed: (adj) dismantled, destroyed. sanctimonious: (adj) pious, pharisaic,

pietistic, hypocritical, sanctimonial, pharisaical, sanctified, unctuous; (adj, v) pietistical; (v) canting; (n)

hypocrite. scraped: (adj) scratched, worn out,

worn, threadbare, frayed, hurt, skinned, damaged, raw.

steal: (v) purloin, abstract, sneak, filch, pinch, creep, misappropriate, rob, pilfer; (n) bargain; (n, v) snatch.

thanksgiving: (n) benediction, grace, acknowledgment, thanks, recognition, gratitude, prayer, saving grace, approval, gracility, grace of God.


LUCIO. I believe thee; for I think thou never wast where grace was said.%

SECOND GENTLEMAN. No? A dozen times at least.

FIRST GENTLEMAN. What? in metre?

LUCIO. In any proportion or in any language.

FIRST GENTLEMAN. I think, or in any religion.

LUCIO. Ay! why not? Grace is grace, despite of all controversy. As, for example;--thou thyself art a wicked villain, despite of all grace.

FIRST GENTLEMAN. Well, there went but a pair of shears between us.

LUCIO. I grant; as there may between the lists and the velvet. Thou art the list.

FIRST GENTLEMAN. And thou the velvet: thou art good velvet; thou'rt a three-piled piece, I warrant thee: I had as lief be a list of an English kersey as be piled, as thou art piled, for a French velvet. Do I speak feelingly now?

LUCIO. I think thou dost; and, indeed, with most painful feeling of thy speech. I will, out of thine own confession, learn to begin thy health; but, whilst I live, forget to drink after thee.

FIRST GENTLEMAN. I think I have done myself wrong; have I not?

SECOND GENTLEMAN. Yes, that thou hast, whether thou art tainted or free.

Thesaurus

confession: (n) admission, acknowledgment, recognition, acknowledgement, concession, divulgence, disclosure, shrift, penance, profession, admission of guilt. ANTONYMS: (n) disavowal, refutation.

dozen: (adj, n) XII; (n) dozens, boxcars.feelingly: (adv) sensitively,

sympathetically, feeling, deeply. lief: (adj, v) leef; (adv) fain, willingly;

(adj) glad, acceptable.

metre: (n) measure, beat, rhythm, meters, m, cadence, time, verse, chiliad, k, g.

shears: (n) clippers, clipper, shear, pair of scissors, snips, shearing machine, pruning shears; (adj, n) cutters.

tainted: (adj, v) rotten, rancid, bad, musty, reasty, vitiated; (adj) rank, contaminated, faulty, putrid, dirty. ANTONYMS: (adj) unadulterated, unchanged, untarnished, clean.

thou: (n) chiliad, grand, m, g, one

thousand, gramme, gram, gm, gigabyte, Gb, curtilage.

velvet: (adj) velvety, down; (n) profit, gain, velour, velours, revenue, prosperity, receipts, satin, wealth.

villain: (n) rascal, scoundrel, rogue, knave, miscreant, criminal, bandit, crook, reprobate, varlet, rapscallion. ANTONYMS: (n) heroine, hero.

went: (v) walked, proceeded. whether: (pron) where.


LUCIO. Behold, behold, where Madam Mitigation comes! I have purchased as many diseases under her roof as come to--

SECOND GENTLEMAN. To what, I pray?

FIRST GENTLEMAN. Judge.%

SECOND GENTLEMAN. To three thousand dollars a year.

FIRST GENTLEMAN. Ay, and more.

LUCIO. A French crown more.

FIRST GENTLEMAN. Thou art always figuring diseases in me, but thou art full of error; I am sound.

LUCIO. Nay, not, as one would say, healthy; but so sound as things that are hollow: thy bones are hollow: impiety has made a feast of thee.

[Enter BAWD.] FIRST GENTLEMAN.

How now! which of your hips has the most profound sciatica? BAWD.

Well, well; there's one yonder arrested and carried to prison was worth five thousand of you all.

FIRST GENTLEMAN. Who's that, I pray thee?

BAWD. Marry, sir, that's Claudio, Signior Claudio.

Thesaurus

behold: (v) see, view, contemplate, regard, perceive, observe, look, consider, discern, descry, watch. ANTONYMS: (v) Miss, disregard, ignore, overlook.

dollars: (n) bread. feast: (n, v) junket, fete; (n)

entertainment, dinner, binge, spread, celebration, jamboree, carousal; (v) feed, eat. ANTONYMS: (v) abstain, starve; (n) snack.

figuring: (n) calculation, reckoning,

estimation, computing, figure, approximation, conversion, derivative, differential, estimate, derived function.

hollow: (adj, n) blank; (n) cavity, depression, cave, dell; (adj) empty, false; (adj, n, v) concave; (n, v) excavate, dent, scoop. ANTONYMS: (adj) convex, sincere, true, full, meaningful, cramped, valid; (n) hump, bump, hill, lump.

impiety: (n) disrespect, irreligion,

blasphemy, unrighteousness, impiousness, sacrilege, profanity, godlessness, irreverence, sin, evil. ANTONYMS: (n) restraint, goodness.

sciatica: (v) odontalgia, cephalalgia, earache, gout, neuralgia, otalgia, podagra, rheumatism; (n) back pain, pain in your back, back trouble.

yonder: (adv) beyond, further, farther, abroad, thither, further away, at that place; (adj) distant, yond, furious, fierce.


FIRST GENTLEMAN. Claudio to prison! 'tis not so.%

BAWD. Nay, but I know 'tis so: I saw him arrested; saw him carried away; and, which is more, within these three days his head to be chopped off.

LUCIO. But, after all this fooling, I would not have it so. Art thou sure of this?

BAWD. I am too sure of it: and it is for getting Madam Julietta with child.

LUCIO. Believe me, this may be: he promised to meet me two hours since, and he was ever precise in promise-keeping.

SECOND GENTLEMAN. Besides, you know, it draws something near to the speech we had to such a purpose.

FIRST GENTLEMAN. But most of all agreeing with the proclamation.

LUCIO. Away; let's go learn the truth of it.

[Exeunt LUCIO and GENTLEMEN.] BAWD.

Thus, what with the war, what with the sweat, what with the gallows, and what with poverty, I am custom-shrunk. How now! what's the news with you?

[Enter CLOWN.] CLOWN.

Yonder man is carried to prison. BAWD.

Well: what has he done?

Thesaurus

agreeing: (adj) concurring, concordant, assentient, accordant, suitable, harmonious, in accord, in agreement; (n) assenting; (v) agree, accept. ANTONYM: (adj) conflicting.

arrested: (adj) apprehended, halted, backward, in remission, inactive, intermittent.

carried: (adj) conveyed, imported. chopped: (adj) shredded, sliced. fooling: (n) farce, tomfoolery,

horseplay, joking, prank; (adj) casual,

accidental, everyday, effortless, cursory.

gallows: (n) gibbet, gallous, gallows-bitts, hanging, noose, scaffold, halter, tree, rope, gallowstree, bough.

hours: (n) period, duty period; (adv) o'clock.

precise: (adj, v) accurate, careful, close; (adj) correct, definite, minute, particular, delicate, neat, certain, clear. ANTONYMS: (adj) imprecise, inaccurate, vague, rough, careless,

rushed, approximate, clumsy, unscientific, wrong, slapdash.

proclamation: (n) announcement, decree, edict, annunciation, notice, statement, promulgation, report, publication, manifesto, propagation.

sweat: (n, v) work, toil, struggle; (v) perspire, drudge, exude; (n) perspiration, lather, sudor, effort; (adj) perspiring. ANTONYMS: (v) ignore; (n) entertainment, ease, relaxation.


CLOWN. A woman.%

BAWD. But what's his offence?

CLOWN. Groping for trouts in a peculiar river.

BAWD. What! is there a maid with child by him?

CLOWN. No; but there's a woman with maid by him. You have not heard of the proclamation, have you?

BAWD. What proclamation, man?

CLOWN. All houses in the suburbs of Vienna must be plucked down.

BAWD. And what shall become of those in the city?

CLOWN. They shall stand for seed: they had gone down too, but that a wise burgher put in for them.

BAWD. But shall all our houses of resort in the suburbs be pulled down?

CLOWN. To the ground, mistress.

BAWD. Why, here's a change indeed in the commonwealth! What shall become of me?

CLOWN. Come, fear not you; good counsellors lack no clients: though you change

Thesaurus

burgher: (n) burgess, citizen, cockney, oppidan, townsman, commoner, cit, Anthony burgess.

commonwealth: (n) nation, state, country, body politic, province, society, kingdom, community, land, republic, power.

maid: (n) damsel, chambermaid, lass, lassie, girl, domestic, amah, virgin, maiden, housemaid, handmaid.

mistress: (n) dame, concubine, madame, inamorata, lady, lover,

fancy woman, doxy, girl, kept woman, missis.

offence: (n) insult, injury, guilt, error, delinquency, fault, misdeed, infraction, infringement, attack, offense.

peculiar: (adj) particular, odd, exceptional, different, extraordinary, curious, eccentric, characteristic, anomalous, abnormal, distinctive. ANTONYMS: (adj) normal, typical, common, universal, explicable,

conventional. plucked: (v) ploughed; (adj) pulled,

unfeathered, featherless, moulting, pilled.

seed: (n) issue, posterity, root, progeny, offspring, origin, nucleus, brood, embryo; (v) inseminate, plant.

suburbs: (adj, n) environs; (n) outskirts, periphery, outer reaches, outer edge, fringes, entourage, borderland; (adj) purlieus, alentours, neighborhood.


your place you need not change your trade; I'll be your tapster still. Courage; there will be pity taken on you: you that have worn your eyes almost out in the service, you will be considered.%

BAWD. What's to do here, Thomas Tapster? Let's withdraw.

CLOWN. Here comes Signior Claudio, led by the provost to prison: and there's Madam Juliet.

[Exeunt.]

SCENE III. THE SAME. [Enter PROVOST, CLAUDIO, JULIET, and Officers; LUCIO and two

GENTLEMEN.] CLAUDIO.

Fellow, why dost thou show me thus to the world? Bear me to prison, where I am committed.

PROVOST. I do it not in evil disposition, But from Lord Angelo by special charge.

CLAUDIO. Thus can the demi-god Authority Make us pay down for our offence by weight.-- The words of heaven;--on whom it will, it will; On whom it will not, so; yet still 'tis just.

LUCIO. Why, how now, Claudio, whence comes this restraint?

Thesaurus

courage: (n) audacity, fortitude, boldness, nerve, spirit, backbone, valor, heroism, gallantry, mettle, chivalry. ANTONYMS: (n) cowardice, faintheartedness, weakness, wimpiness, yellowness.

evil: (adj) bad, criminal, corrupt, wicked, destructive, depraved; (adj, n) ill, detriment; (n) adversity, disaster, depravity. ANTONYMS: (n) goodness, righteousness, morality; (adj) kindhearted, righteous, benign,

moral, pure, upright, virtuous, sinless.

restraint: (n) bridle, reserve, moderation, modesty, constraint, control, restriction, curb; (n, v) hindrance, check, limit. ANTONYMS: (n) excess, abandon, incentive, decadence, freedom, unrestraint, depravity, disorderliness, indulgence, expression, incitement.

tapster: (n) barman, barkeeper, tapper, barkeep, skinker, mixologist, phone

tapper, publican. whence: (adv) wherefrom, hence,

because, for, why, wherefore, how, then, then thence so, how comes it, how happens it.

withdraw: (v) retire, remove, retract, retreat, abandon, pull out, disengage, draw, cancel, leave, recede. ANTONYMS: (v) propose, give, advance, extend, offer, deposit, remain, engage, allow, permit, stay.


CLAUDIO. From too much liberty, my Lucio, liberty: As surfeit is the father of much fast, So every scope by the immoderate use Turns to restraint. Our natures do pursue,-- Like rats that ravin down their proper bane,-- A thirsty evil; and when we drink we die.%

LUCIO. If I could speak so wisely under an arrest, I would send for certain of my creditors; and yet, to say the truth, I had as lief have the foppery of freedom as the morality of imprisonment.--What's thy offence, Claudio?

CLAUDIO. What but to speak of would offend again.

LUCIO. What, is't murder?

CLAUDIO. No.

LUCIO. Lechery?

CLAUDIO. Call it so.

PROVOST. Away, sir; you must go.

CLAUDIO. One word, good friend.--Lucio, a word with you.

[Takes him aside.] LUCIO.

A hundred, if they'll do you any good. Is lechery so lookeed after?

Thesaurus

foppery: (n) dandyism, coxcombry, millinery, man millinery, frippery, tailoring, equipage, frill, apishness; (v) puppyism.

immoderate: (adj) excessive, extravagant, undue, exorbitant, extreme, unreasonable, inordinate, intemperate, unrestrained, fanatical, fulsome. ANTONYMS: (adj) moderate, frugal.

lechery: (n) lasciviousness, vice, lubricity, lust, desire, lecherousness,

sensuality, incontinency, concupiscence, salacity; (adj) pruriency.

offend: (v) irritate, affront, insult, contravene, injure, disgust, infringe, displease, abuse, wound, anger. ANTONYMS: (v) please, delight, praise, attract.

rats: (n) mice, vermin, Rodentia, guinea pigs, agoutis, beavers, pests, gophers, order Rodentia, hamsters, marmots.

ravin: (n, v) ravine; (n) spoliation, game.

surfeit: (n) overabundance, excess, repletion, satiety, plethora, overflow, congestion; (v) cloy, gorge, satiate, pall. ANTONYMS: (n) shortage, need, necessity, deficit; (v) deplete.

thirsty: (adj) eager, arid, parched, avid, keen, athirst, greedy, absorbent, ambitious; (v) craving, hungry. ANTONYMS: (adj) quenched, satisfied, disinterested, wet.


CLAUDIO. Thus stands it with me:--Upon a true contract I got possession of Julietta's bed: You know the lady; she is fast my wife, Save that we do the denunciation lack Of outward order;: this we came not to Only for propagation of a dower Remaining in the coffer of her friends; From whom we thought it meet to hide our love Till time had made them for us. But it chances The stealth of our most mutual entertainment, With character too gross, is writ on Juliet.%

LUCIO. With child, perhaps?

CLAUDIO. Unhappily, even so. And the new deputy now for the duke,-- Whether it be the fault and glimpse of newness, Or whether that the body public be A horse whereon the governor doth ride, Who, newly in the seat, that it may know He can command, lets it straight feel the spur: Whether the tyranny be in his place, Or in his eminence that fills it up, I stagger in.--But this new governor Awakes me all the enrolled penalties Which have, like unscour'd armour, hung by the wall So long that nineteen zodiacs have gone round And none of them been worn; and, for a name, Now puts the drowsy and neglected act Freshly on me; 'tis surely for a name.

Thesaurus

coffer: (n) box, chest, case, caisson, casket, trunk, safe, strongbox, treasury, crate, coffers.

denunciation: (n) accusation, curse, malediction, criticism, denouncement, invective, execration, disapproval, tirade, anathema, censure. ANTONYMS: (n) advocation, appreciation, compliment, approval, praise, agreement, commendation, confirmation.

drowsy: (adj, n) sleepy; (adj) lazy, comatose, somnolent, slow, lethargic, sluggish, dull, indolent, soporific, listless. ANTONYMS: (adj) energetic, awake, lively, vigorous, vivacious, refreshed.

eminence: (n) distinction, elevation, altitude, celebrity, superiority, rank, excellence, fame, glory, prominence, status. ANTONYMS: (n) insignificance, cavity, depression, unimportance, dip, commonness,

inferiority. enrolled: (adj) listed, conscript. stagger: (adj, adv, v) startle; (v)

astonish, reel, shock, hobble, shake, flounder, totter; (n, v) lurch, pitch; (adj, v) flabbergast.

stealth: (n) stealing, furtiveness, stealthiness, slyness, larceny, thievery, theft, sneakiness, secretiveness, hiding; (adj) undercover. ANTONYM: (n) openness.


LUCIO. I warrant it is: and thy head stands so tickle on thy shoulders that a milkmaid, if she be in love, may sigh it off. Send after the duke, and appeal to him.%

CLAUDIO. I have done so, but he's not to be found. I pr'ythee, Lucio, do me this kind service: This day my sister should the cloister enter, And there receive her approbation: Acquaint her with the danger of my state; Implore her, in my voice, that she make friends To the strict deputy; bid herself assay him; I have great hope in that: for in her youth There is a prone and speechless dialect Such as moves men; beside, she hath prosperous art When she will play with reason and discourse, And well she can persuade.

LUCIO. I pray she may; as well for the encouragement of the like, which else would stand under grievous imposition, as for the enjoying of thy life, who I would be sorry should be thus foolishly lost at a game of tick-tack. I'll to her.

CLAUDIO. I thank you, good friend Lucio.

LUCIO. Within two hours,--

CLAUDIO. Come, officer, away.

[Exeunt.]

Thesaurus

assay: (v) test, attempt, seek, essay, survey, assess, appraise, endeavor; (n) examination; (n, v) experiment, estimate. ANTONYMS: (v) neglect, overlook.

cloister: (n) abbey, priory, monastery, arcade, friary, piazza, nunnery, circus, veranda; (v) encircle, insulate.

dialect: (n) language, speech, vernacular, tongue, accent, lingo, conversation, say, talk, patois, phraseology.

foolishly: (adv) idiotically, ridiculously, stupidly, indiscreetly, silly, insanely, injudiciously, preposterously, absurdly, senselessly; (adj, adv) madly. ANTONYMS: (adv) sensibly, solemnly, shrewdly, prudently, responsibly, judiciously, carefully, rationally.

grievous: (adj) bitter, dolorous, dreadful, deplorable, sad, tough, pitiful, atrocious, regrettable, sorrowful, sorry. ANTONYM: (adj)

successful. milkmaid: (n) farmhand, fieldhand,

farm worker. speechless: (adj) silent, mute, dumb,

dumbfounded, voiceless, quiet, tongueless, tacit, noiseless, mum, wordless. ANTONYMS: (adj) loquacious, eloquent, talkative.

tickle: (v) titillate, indulge, thrill, prickle, please, tingle, humor, flatter, vellicate, divert; (n) titillation.


SCENE IV. A MONASTERY.%

[Enter DUKE and FRIAR THOMAS.] DUKE.

No; holy father; throw away that thought; Believe not that the dribbling dart of love Can pierce a complete bosom: why I desire thee To give me secret harbour hath a purpose More grave and wrinkled than the aims and ends Of burning youth.

FRIAR. May your grace speak of it?

DUKE. My holy sir, none better knows than you How I have ever lov'd the life remov'd, And held in idle price to haunt assemblies Where youth, and cost, a witless bravery keeps. I have deliver'd to Lord Angelo,-- A man of stricture and firm abstinence,-- My absolute power and place here in Vienna, And he supposes me travell'd to Poland; For so I have strew'd it in the common ear, And so it is received. Now, pious sir, You will demand of me why I do this?

FRIAR. Gladly, my lord.

DUKE. We have strict statutes and most biting laws,-- The needful bits and curbs to headstrong steeds,-- Which for this fourteen years we have let sleep,

Thesaurus

bosom: (n) heart, interior, boob, thorax, chest, bust, tit; (n, v) embrace; (v) cherish, hug; (adj) intimate. ANTONYMS: (n) outside, exteriority.

dribbling: (n) trickle, drip, actuation. haunt: (n, v) resort, ghost; (n) den,

hangout, home; (v) pursue, follow, stalk, afflict, persecute; (adj) harass.

headstrong: (adj) intractable, dogged, obstinate, disobedient, unruly, willful, wayward, froward, rash, headlong; (adj, v) ungovernable.

ANTONYMS: (adj) tractable, compliant, amenable, docile, malleable, agreeable, cautious.

pierce: (n, v) cut, prick, stick; (v) perforate, bore, enter, thrust, puncture, penetrate; (adj, v) stab, wound. ANTONYM: (v) seal.

stricture: (n) censure, animadversion, reflection, stenosis, restriction, constriction, comment, blame, coarctation, limitation, diatribe.

supposes: (adj) ridiculous, regulation,

project, preposterous, plainly, suggestion, notions, irrational, absurd, fatuity, foolish.

witless: (adj, n) silly, brainless, foolish, stupid, unwise, simple; (adj) mindless, senseless, thoughtless, dull, nitwitted.

wrinkled: (adj, n) rough, rugged; (adj) puckered, creased, wrinkly, wizened, crumpled, lined, gnarled, unironed, crinkled. ANTONYMS: (adj) unwrinkled, ironed, straight.


Even like an o'ergrown lion in a cave, That goes not out to prey. Now, as fond fathers, Having bound up the threat'ning twigs of birch, Only to stick it in their children's sight For terror, not to use, in time the rod Becomes more mock'd than fear'd; so our decrees, Dead to infliction, to themselves are dead; And liberty plucks justice by the nose; The baby beats the nurse, and quite athwart Goes all decorum.%

FRIAR. It rested in your grace To unloose this tied-up justice when you pleas'd; And it in you more dreadful would have seem'd Than in Lord Angelo.

DUKE. I do fear, too dreadful: Sith 'twas my fault to give the people scope, 'Twould be my tyranny to strike and gall them For what I bid them do: for we bid this be done When evil deeds have their permissive pass And not the punishment. Therefore, indeed, my father, I have on Angelo impos'd the office; Who may, in the ambush of my name, strike home, And yet my nature never in the fight To do in slander. And to behold his sway, I will, as 'twere a brother of your order, Visit both prince and people: therefore, I pr'ythee, Supply me with the habit, and instruct me How I may formally in person bear me Like a true friar. Moe reasons for this action

Thesaurus

ambush: (n, v) ambuscade, trap, attack, assault; (v) wait, waylay, intercept, lurk, bushwhack, surprise; (n) lying in wait. ANTONYMS: (v) retreat, surrender, release; (n) suit.

friar: (n) monk, conventual, cenobite, abbot, monastic, palmer, pilgrim, lay brother, religious, prior, beadsman.

infliction: (adj) affliction; (n) punishment, annoyance, imposition, discipline, worry, penalty, nuisance, bother, hardship, misery.

permissive: (adj) indulgent, lenient, tolerant, lax, soft, broad, permissives, forbearing, broad-minded, easygoing, permitting. ANTONYMS: (adj) intolerant, preventive, oppressive, severe, proactive.

rested: (adj) comfortable. slander: (n, v) scandal, insult,

calumniate; (adj, v) defame, asperse; (n) defamation, aspersion, obloquy, disparagement; (adj, n) abuse; (v) denigrate. ANTONYMS: (n, v)

acclaim; (v) compliment; (n) acclamation.

twigs: (n) sprays. tyranny: (adj, n) dictatorship,

autocracy; (n) absolutism, despotism, oppression, cruelty, monocracy, totalitarianism, authoritarianism, autarchy, Caesarism. ANTONYMS: (n) democracy, liberty.

unloose: (v) loosen, clear, liberate, loose, undo, unchain, free, extricate, disengage, unloosen, unbind.


At our more leisure shall I render you; Only, this one:--Lord Angelo is precise; Stands at a guard with envy; scarce confesses That his blood flows, or that his appetite Is more to bread than stone: hence shall we see, If power change purpose, what our seemers be.%

[Exeunt.]

SCENE V. A NUNNERY. [Enter ISABELLA and FRANCISCA.] ISABELLA.

And have you nuns no further privileges? FRANCISCA.

Are not these large enough? ISABELLA.

Yes, truly; I speak not as desiring more, But rather wishing a more strict restraint Upon the sisterhood, the votarists of Saint Clare.

LUCIO. [Within.] Ho! Peace be in this place!

ISABELLA. Who's that which calls?

FRANCISCA. It is a man's voice. Gentle Isabella, Turn you the key, and know his business of him; You may, I may not; you are yet unsworn:

Thesaurus

desiring: (adj) envious, insatiable, desirous, eager; (adv) fleshly.

envy: (v) begrudge, want; (n) enviousness, desire, heartburning, resentment, envies, heartburn, jealousy, hatred; (adj) jealous. ANTONYM: (n) generosity.

privileges: (n) human rights, rights, openness, license, liberty, liberality, independence, civil liberties, immunities, constitutional rights, generosity.

render: (v) interpret, explain, give, offer, furnish, pay, construe, return, provide, impart, translate.

scarce: (adj) rare, insufficient, deficient, infrequent, uncommon, scant, scanty, few, sparse; (adv) just, barely. ANTONYMS: (adj) plentiful, common, adequate, strong, usual, extensive.

sisterhood: (n) sorority, family relationship, relationship, Women's Liberation, cousinhood, society,

fellowship, order, kinship, sistership. strict: (adj) severe, stern, rigid, correct,

austere, rigorous, harsh, scrupulous; (adj, v) exact, accurate, precise. ANTONYMS: (adj) lenient, lax, free, negligent, imprecise, flexible, relaxed, loose, gentle, inaccurate, liberal.

wishing: (n) wish, want, velleity, option, need, privation, lack, deprivation, deficiency, choice; (adj) desirous.


When you have vow'd, you must not speak with men But in the presence of the prioress; Then, if you speak, you must not show your face; Or, if you show your face, you must not speak. He calls again; I pray you answer him.%

[Exit FRANCISCA.] ISABELLA.

Peace and prosperity! Who is't that calls? [Enter LUCIO.] LUCIO.

Hail, virgin, if you be; as those cheek-roses Proclaim you are no less! Can you so stead me As bring me to the sight of Isabella, A novice of this place, and the fair sister To her unhappy brother Claudio?

ISABELLA. Why her unhappy brother? let me ask; The rather, for I now must make you know I am that Isabella, and his sister.

LUCIO. Gentle and fair, your brother kindly greets you: Not to be weary with you, he's in prison.

ISABELLA. Woe me! For what?

LUCIO. For that which, if myself might be his judge, He should receive his punishment in thanks: He hath got his friend with child.

ISABELLA. Sir, make me not your story.

Thesaurus

calls: (n) securities, puts, bonds, preferred stock, common stock.

kindly: (adj) kind, amiable, genial, charitable; (adv) sympathetically, benevolently, tenderly; (adj, n) benign, gentle, sympathetic, benevolent. ANTONYMS: (adv) harshly, nastily, callously, cruelly, sharply, disagreeably, grumpily, malevolently; (adj) upsetting, unfeeling, sour.

novice: (n) learner, beginner,

apprentice, greenhorn, newcomer, neophyte, amateur, freshman, novitiate, tyro, initiate. ANTONYMS: (n) expert, veteran, teacher, trainer.

prosperity: (n) affluence, wealth, success, flourish, good fortune, fortune, welfare, opulence, abundance, good, prosperousness. ANTONYMS: (n) failure, fruitlessness, hardship, insufficiency.

stead: (n) behalf, room, lieu, spot, location, station, space, seat, position,

office, locality. virgin: (adj) pure, new, chaste,

innocent, fresh, untouched, intact, virginal; (adj, n) vestal; (n) maid, girl. ANTONYMS: (adj) defiled, sullied.

weary: (adj, n, v) fatigue; (v) exhaust, tire out; (adj) tired, exhausted, fatigued, aweary, beat, languid; (n, v) jade, bore. ANTONYMS: (adj) energetic, fresh, lively, untiring, hopeful, refreshed; (v) refresh, enliven, energize, activate, rally.


LUCIO. It is true. I would not--though 'tis my familiar sin With maids to seem the lapwing, and to jest, Tongue far from heart--play with all virgins so: I hold you as a thing ensky'd and sainted; By your renouncement an immortal spirit; And to be talk'd with in sincerity, As with a saint.%

ISABELLA. You do blaspheme the good in mocking me.

LUCIO. Do not believe it. Fewness and truth, 'tis thus: Your brother and his lover have embraced: As those that feed grow full: as blossoming time, That from the seedness the bare fallow brings To teeming foison; even so her plenteous womb Expresseth his full tilth and husbandry.

ISABELLA. Some one with child by him?--My cousin Juliet?

LUCIO. Is she your cousin?

ISABELLA. Adoptedly, as school-maids change their names By vain though apt affection.

LUCIO. She it is.

ISABELLA. O, let him marry her!

Thesaurus

blaspheme: (adj, v) desecrate, profane; (v) swear, defile, damn, cuss, imprecate, utter, violate; (adj) be impious, scoff. ANTONYM: (v) consecrate.

blossoming: (n) bloom, florescence, flowering, anthesis, blossom, efflorescence, inflorescence, ontogeny, ontogenesis; (adj) budding, growing. ANTONYM: (adj) failing.

fewness: (n) paucity, number, figure, scarcity, exiguity.

foison: (n) plenty, bumper crop. husbandry: (n) cultivation, farming,

economy, frugality, culture, conservation, thrift, tillage, dairying, horticulture, gardening.

jest: (n) gag, gibe, quip, game; (n, v) jape; (v) banter, jeer, deride, gird, sneer, clown.

lapwing: (n) green plover, pewit, plover.

plenteous: (adj) abundant, ample, copious, plentiful, bountiful, fertile,

fruitful, full, exuberant, rich, generous. ANTONYMS: (adj) meager, sparse.

renouncement: (n) renunciation, relinquishment, denial, disclaimer, refusal, rejection, abandonment, abjuration, abnegation, disavowal, recantation.

tilth: (n) cultivated land, tillage, land, fallow, tilled land, culture, ground, plowland, soil, farmland, status.


LUCIO. This is the point. The duke is very strangely gone from hence; Bore many gentlemen, myself being one, In hand, and hope of action: but we do learn By those that know the very nerves of state, His givings out were of an infinite distance From his true-meant design. Upon his place, And with full line of his authority, Governs Lord Angelo: a man whose blood Is very snow-broth; one who never feels The wanton stings and motions of the sense. But doth rebate and blunt his natural edge With profits of the mind, study, and fast. He,--to give fear to use and liberty, Which have for long run by the hideous law, As mice by lions,--hath pick'd out an act, Under whose heavy sense your brother's life Falls into forfeit: he arrests him on it; And follows close the rigour of the statute To make him an example; all hope is gone. Unless you have the grace by your fair prayer To soften Angelo: and that's my pith Of business 'twixt you and your poor brother.%

ISABELLA. Doth he so seek his life?

LUCIO. Has censur'd him Already; and, as I hear, the provost hath A warrant for his execution.

Thesaurus

forfeit: (n) penalty, deprivation, cost; (v) abandon, forgo, relinquish, waive; (n, v) sacrifice, pawn; (adj) confiscate, lost. ANTONYMS: (n) retention; (v) claim, redeem, receive, maintain.

hideous: (adj) dreadful, frightful, fearful, ghastly, horrid, ugly, repulsive, lurid, horrible, grisly, grim. ANTONYMS: (adj) lovely, pleasant, beautiful, wonderful.

mice: (n) rats, agoutis, guinea pigs, beavers, gophers, order Rodentia,

marmots, hamsters, pests, Rodentia, vermin.

rebate: (n, v) discount, refund; (n) rabbet, deduction, allowance, drawback; (v) abate, cut a rebate in, reduce, deduct, bate.

rigour: (n) hardship, hardness, grimness, rigidity, strict, rigor, rigorousness, asperity, cruelty, acrimony, severity.

soften: (adj, v) moderate, mitigate, mollify, assuage, relieve; (v) melt,

dull, relent, mute, alleviate; (adj, n, v) palliate. ANTONYMS: (v) harden, solidify, set, congeal, exacerbate, freeze, sharpen, stand, increase.

stings: (adj) stung. wanton: (adj) loose, dissolute, light,

licentious, unchaste, lewd, debauched, unprovoked; (v) dally; (n, v) sport; (adj, v) flirt. ANTONYMS: (adj) moral, wise, nice, kind, gentle, decent, clean, careful, observant, justifiable, involuntary.


ISABELLA. Alas! what poor ability's in me To do him good.%

LUCIO. Assay the power you have.

ISABELLA. My power! alas, I doubt,--

LUCIO. Our doubts are traitors, And make us lose the good we oft might win By fearing to attempt. Go to Lord Angelo, And let him learn to know, when maidens sue, Men give like gods; but when they weep and kneel, All their petitions are as freely theirs As they themselves would owe them.

ISABELLA. I'll see what I can do.

LUCIO. But speedily.

ISABELLA. I will about it straight; No longer staying but to give the Mother Notice of my affair. I humbly thank you: Commend me to my brother: soon at night I'll send him certain word of my success.

LUCIO. I take my leave of you.

ISABELLA. Good sir, adieu.

[Exeunt.]

Thesaurus

adieu: (int, n) farewell; (n) vale, valediction, goodbye, leave, cheerio, adios, bye, so long, parting; (int) bon voyage. ANTONYM: (n) greeting.

alas: (adv) unluckily, regrettably, sadly, unhappily, sorry to say; (n) oh; (int) lackaday. ANTONYM: (adv) luckily.

doubts: (adj) doubting. freely: (adv) loosely, frankly, openly,

generously, independently, gratuitously, voluntarily, liberally,

free, sparely; (adj, adv) spontaneously. ANTONYMS: (adv) reluctantly, deceitfully, accurately, meagerly, parsimoniously, secretly, stingily, unwillingly; (adj) restricted.

gods: (n) gallery. humbly: (adv) lowly, meanly,

modestly, submissively, low, shyly, lowlily, naturally, regretfully, remorsefully, repentantly. ANTONYMS: (adv) conceitedly, haughtily, pompously,

ostentatiously, unrepentantly, affluently, brashly, pretentiously.

speedily: (adj, adv) quickly, quick, immediately; (adv) rapidly, promptly, hastily, swiftly, fast, apace, hurriedly, fleetly. ANTONYMS: (adv) later, eventually.

staying: (n) stays, arrest; (adj) continual, old, left.

weep: (v) wail, bawl, lament, sob, blubber, moan, howl, drip, greet, whimper; (n) tear.


ACT I I

SCENE I. A HALL IN ANGELO'S HOUSE.%

[Enter ANGELO, ESCALUS, a JUSTICE, PROVOST, OFFICERS, and other

ATTENDANTS.] ANGELO.

We must not make a scarecrow of the law, Setting it up to fear the birds of prey, And let it keep one shape till custom make it Their perch, and not their terror.

ESCALUS. Ay, but yet Let us be keen, and rather cut a little Than fall and bruise to death. Alas! this gentleman, Whom I would save, had a most noble father. Let but your honour know,-- Whom I believe to be most strait in virtue,-- That, in the working of your own affections, Had time coher'd with place, or place with wishing, Or that the resolute acting of your blood

Thesaurus

bruise: (n, v) hurt, wound; (v) crush, pound, mash, contuse, grind, bray; (n) contusion, hematoma; (adj, n) buffet.

custom: (n) habit, convention, usage, practice, consuetude, fashion, method, mores; (n, v) use, accustom; (adj) bespoke. ANTONYMS: (n) fad, innovation, phenomenon, rage, rarity.

perch: (adj, n, v) roost; (v) light, settle, sit, alight, squat, land; (adj, v) lodge,

abide, dwell; (n) pole. resolute: (adj, n) constant, firm, fixed,

steady; (adj, v) determined; (adj) inflexible, brave, adamant, dogged, unbending, courageous. ANTONYMS: (adj) weak, uncertain, uncommitted, timid, fickle, feeble, indecisive, flexible, flippant, hesitant, undecided.

scarecrow: (n) hobgoblin, bugaboo, simulacrum, malkin, frump, ogre, jackstraw, shewel, goblin,

ragamuffin; (adj) octopus. strait: (adj) narrow; (n) pinch, pass,

inlet, need, channel, crisis, poverty, difficulty; (adj, n) quandary; (n, v) dilemma.

terror: (n, v) alarm, scare; (adj, n) dread, awe; (n) fear, dismay, consternation, horror, panic, apprehension, scourge. ANTONYMS: (n) peace, security, delight, calm, confidence.


Could have attain'd the effect of your own purpose, Whether you had not sometime in your life Err'd in this point which now you censure him, And pull'd the law upon you.%

ANGELO. 'Tis one thing to be tempted, Escalus, Another thing to fall. I not deny The jury, passing on the prisoner's life, May, in the sworn twelve, have a thief or two Guiltier than him they try. What's open made to justice, That justice seizes. What knows the laws That thieves do pass on thieves? 'Tis very pregnant, The jewel that we find, we stoop and take it, Because we see it; but what we do not see We tread upon, and never think of it. You may not so extenuate his offence For I have had such faults; but rather tell me, When I, that censure him, do so offend, Let mine own judgment pattern out my death, And nothing come in partial. Sir, he must die.

ESCALUS. Be it as your wisdom will.

ANGELO. Where is the provost?

PROVOST. Here, if it like your honour.

ANGELO. See that Claudio Be executed by nine to-morrow morning: Bring him his confessor; let him be prepard; For that's the utmost of his pilgrimage.

Thesaurus

censure: (n, v) accuse, reprimand, reproach, attack, animadversion, abuse; (n) accusation, condemnation; (v) carp, condemn, berate. ANTONYMS: (v) approve, commend, allow, endorse, laud, permit, sanction; (n) approval, blessing, commendation; (n, v) compliment.

confessor: (n) priest, penitentiary, communicator, shriver, minister, Holy Father, father.

extenuate: (v) alleviate, palliate, diminish, reduce, mitigate, excuse, attenuate, allay, detract, mollify, abate.

jewel: (n) gemstone, darling, diamond, jewelry, trinket, treasure, ornament, idol; (adj, n) bijou, precious stone; (adj) brilliant.

pilgrimage: (n, v) expedition, excursion; (v) trip, tour, peregrination, ramble, discursion, circuit; (n) hajj, haj, career.

stoop: (v) crouch, bend, deign, condescend, descend, squat, couch, cringe, lean, lower oneself; (n) porch. ANTONYM: (v) straighten.

tread: (n, v) pace, walk, rate, march, tramp; (n) gait, stride, footstep, footfall, track; (v) trample.

utmost: (adj, n) maximum, extreme, uttermost, furthermost, best, highest; (adj, adv) farthest; (adj, v) supreme; (adj) last, furthest; (adj, n, v) greatest. ANTONYMS: (adj) moderate, worst.


[Exit PROVOST.] ESCALUS.

Well, heaven forgive him! and forgive us all! Some rise by sin, and some by virtue fall: Some run from brakes of vice, and answer none, And some condemned for a fault alone.%

[Enter ELBOW, FROTH, CLOWN, Officers, etc.] ELBOW.

Come, bring them away: if these be good people in a commonweal that do nothing but use their abuses in common houses, I know no law; bring them away.

ANGELO. How now, sir! What's your name? and what's the matter?

ELBOW. If it please your honour, I am the poor duke's constable, and my name is Elbow; I do lean upon justice, sir, and do bring in here before your good honour two notorious benefactors.

ANGELO. Benefactors! Well; what benefactors are they? are they not malefactors?

ELBOW. If it please your honour, I know not well what they are; but precise villains they are, that I am sure of; and void of all profanation in the world that good Christians ought to have.

ESCALUS. This comes off well; here's a wise officer.

ANGELO. Go to;--what quality are they of? Elbow is your name? Why dost thou not speak, Elbow?

Thesaurus

brakes: (n) brake system. commonweal: (n) good,

commonwealth. lean: (adj, v) gaunt; (adj) emaciated,

thin, bony, lank; (n, v) bend, tilt, slant, list, careen; (n) inclination. ANTONYMS: (adj) plump, rich, chubby, greasy, stout; (v) straighten, repel.

notorious: (adj, v) notable; (adj) known, infamous, illustrious, disreputable, flagrant, egregious,

prominent, celebrated, noted; (adj, n) errant. ANTONYMS: (adj) anonymous, reputable, famous.

ought: (n, v) need; (v) had better, should, have, possessed, owned, owed, behoove; (n) aught, zero, duty.

profanation: (n) blasphemy, sacrilege, violation, outrage, abuse, prostitution, curse, pollution, violence, dissent; (adj) profanity.

vice: (adj, n) imperfection, defect, blemish, failing, frailty; (n)

corruption, sin, evil, immorality, iniquity, depravity. ANTONYMS: (n) asset, strength, propriety, virtue, righteousness, goodness, good, honesty; (adj) chief.

void: (adj, n) hollow, null, blank; (n) emptiness, vacancy; (adj, v) vacant; (v) nullify, quash, rescind; (adj) invalid, vacuous. ANTONYMS: (v) validate, sanction, permit, keep, allow; (adj) full, occupied, filled, meaningful, solid; (n) fullness.


CLOWN. He cannot, sir; he's out at elbow.%

ANGELO. What are you, sir?

ELBOW. He, sir? a tapster, sir; parcel-bawd; one that serves a bad woman; whose house, sir, was, as they say, plucked down in the suburbs; and now she professes a hot-house, which, I think, is a very ill house too.

ESCALUS. How know you that?

ELBOW. My wfe, sir, whom I detest before heaven and your honour,--

ESCALUS. How! thy wife!

ELBOW. Ay, sir; who, I thank heaven, is an honest woman,--

ESCALUS. Dost thou detest her therefore?

ELBOW. I say, sir, I will detest myself also, as well as she, that this house, if it be not a bawd's house, it is pity of her life, for it is a naughty house.

ESCALUS. How dost thou know that, constable?

ELBOW. Marry, sir, by my wife; who, if she had been a woman cardinally given, might have been accused in fornication, adultery, and all uncleanliness there.

ESCALUS. By the woman's means?

Thesaurus

adultery: (n) infidelity, criminal conversation, adulterer, falseness, treachery, betrayal, faithlessness, love affair; (adj) advoutry, crim, harlotry. ANTONYMS: (n) faithfulness, fidelity.

cardinally: (adv) principally, chiefly, capitally, primarily, leadingly, mainly, foremostly, keily, basically, primely, centrally.

detest: (n, v) hate; (v) abominate, loathe, despise, execrate, dislike,

nauseate, contemn, dislike intensely; (n) loathing, abhorrence. ANTONYMS: (v) adore, like, cherish, admire.

fornication: (n) adultery, criminal conversation, intercourse, whoredom, bawdry, incest, carnal knowledge, extramarital sex, infidelity, intimacy; (adj, n) debauchery.

naughty: (adj) mischievous, impish, blue, improper, disobedient,

insubordinate, wicked, evil, lewd, dark, unruly. ANTONYMS: (adj) decent, behaved, obedient, clean.

pity: (n, v) compassion, ruth; (n) mercy, commiseration, condolence, sympathy, clemency, remorse; (v) sympathize, compassionate, feel sorry for. ANTONYMS: (n) blame, cruelty, indifference, harshness, joy.

uncleanliness: (n) peasanthood, trait, messiness. ANTONYM: (n) cleanliness.


ELBOW. Ay, sir, by Mistress Overdone's means: but as she spit in his face, so she defied him.%

CLOWN. Sir, if it please your honour, this is not so.

ELBOW. Prove it before these varlets here, thou honourable man, prove it.

ESCALUS. [To ANGELO.] Do you hear how he misplaces?

CLOWN. Sir, she came in great with child; and longing,--saving your honour's reverence--for stew'd prunes; sir, we had but two in the house, which at that very distant time stood, as it were, in a fruit dish, a dish of some threepence; your honours have seen such dishes; they are not China dishes, but very good dishes.

ESCALUS. Go to, go to; no matter for the dish, sir.

CLOWN. No, indeed, sir, not of a pin; you are therein in the right; but to the point. As I say, this Mistress Elbow, being, as I say, with child, and being great-bellied, and longing, as I said, for prunes; and having but two in the dish, as I said, Master Froth here, this very man, having eaten the rest, as I said, and, as I say, paying for them very honestly;--for, as you know, Master Froth, I could not give you threepence again,--

FROTH. No, indeed.

CLOWN. Very well; you being then, if you be remember'd, cracking the stones of the foresaid prunes,--

Thesaurus

came: (v) arrive, come. cracking: (n) crack, break, fracture;

(adj) splitting, swell, smashing, corking, bully, great, keen, neat. ANTONYMS: (adj) smooth, slow.

dish: (n) basin, disk, plate, meal, platter, food, saucer, beauty, meat, repast; (n, v) hollow.

dishes: (n) food, meal, crockery, dinner service, dishware, menu, plates.

eaten: (v) eat.

having: (n) estate, possession, acceptance, enjoyment.

honour: (n) fame, award, dignity, homage, celebrity, accolade, reputation; (n, v) honor; (v) respect, celebrate, dignify. ANTONYMS: (n, v) dishonor; (v) disrespect.

honourable: (adj) estimable, reverend, venerable, glorious, honorable, distinguished, above-board, good, worthy, right, noble.

honours: (n) first, honors, degree,

academic degree. longing: (n, v) desire, aspiration; (adj)

eager, wistful, nostalgic; (n) nostalgia, wish, hankering, urge, appetite; (adj, n) yearning. ANTONYMS: (n) apathy, disinclination; (adj) satisfied, unconcerned.

spit: (v) drizzle, expectorate, sprinkle, spew, drool, spike, spatter; (n) broach, saliva, cape; (n, v) skewer.

stones: (n) shingle, grit. therein: (adv) in this, in there.


FROTH. Ay, so I did indeed.%

CLOWN. Why, very well: I telling you then, if you be remember'd, that such a one and such a one were past cure of the thing you wot of, unless they kept very good diet, as I told you,--

FROTH. All this is true.

CLOWN. Why, very well then.

ESCALUS. Come, you are a tedious fool: to the purpose. What was done to Elbow's wife that he hath cause to complain of? Come me to what was done to her.

CLOWN. Sir, your honour cannot come to that yet.

ESCALUS. No, sir, nor I mean it not.

CLOWN. Sir, but you shall come to it, by your honour's leave. And, I beseech you, look into Master Froth here, sir, a man of fourscore pound a-year; whose father died at Hallowmas:--was't not at Hallowmas, Master Froth?

FROTH. All-hallond eve.

CLOWN. Why, very well; I hope here be truths: He, sir, sitting, as I say, in a lower chair, sir;--'twas in the 'Bunch of Grapes', where, indeed, you have a delight to sit, have you not?--

FROTH. I have so; because it is an open room, and good for winter.

Thesaurus

beseech: (v) beg, crave, implore, ask, request, adjure, pray, sue, appeal, solicit, plead. ANTONYMS: (v) give, offer, grant, reject.

complain: (v) bemoan, protest, whine, squawk, bewail, beef, grudge, accuse, carp, plain, complaint. ANTONYMS: (v) praise, applaud, cheer, recommend, rejoice, laud, approve, agree, accept.

cure: (n, v) correct, medicine, help; (n) antidote, salve, therapy, treatment;

(v) treat, pickle, preserve, restore. ANTONYMS: (n) poison; (v) injure, hurt, harm, wound, damage, exacerbate.

delight: (n) joy, pleasure, amusement, rejoicing, gladness; (v) ravish, amuse, please, captivate, transport, enrapture. ANTONYMS: (n) misery, dismay, dissatisfaction, sadness, nuisance, discontent; (v) depress, displease, sadden, irk; (n, v) bore.

fool: (n) blockhead, dunce, clown,

idiot, ass, booby, buffoon; (v) deceive, bamboozle; (n, v) joke, gull. ANTONYM: (n) savant.

shall: (n) must, necessity; (v) require, bequeath, leave.

tedious: (adj) tiresome, boring, dreary, slow, heavy, humdrum, irksome, lifeless; (adj, v) monotonous, arid, dry. ANTONYMS: (adj) exciting, varied, easy, readable, lively, entertaining, enthralling, brisk, concise, exotic, pleasant.


CLOWN. Why, very well then;--I hope here be truths.%

ANGELO. This will last out a night in Russia, When nights are longest there: I'll take my leave, And leave you to the hearing of the cause; Hoping you'll find good cause to whip them all.

ESCALUS. I think no less. Good morrow to your lordship. [Exit ANGELO.] Now, sir, come on; what was done to Elbow's wife, once more?

CLOWN. Once, sir? there was nothing done to her once.

ELBOW. I beseech you, sir, ask him what this man did to my wife.

CLOWN. I beseech your honour, ask me.

ESCALUS. Well, sir: what did this gentleman to her?

CLOWN. I beseech you, sir, look in this gentleman's face.--Good Master Froth, look upon his honour; 'tis for a good purpose.--Doth your honour mark his face?

ESCALUS. Ay, sir, very well.

CLOWN. Nay, I beseech you, mark it well.

ESCALUS. Well, I do so.

Thesaurus

cause: (n) case, action, account; (n, v) occasion, allow; (v) breed, do, induce, beget, motivate, provoke. ANTONYMS: (n) effect, result, outcome; (v) foil, deter, forestall, prevent, stop, halt, quell, retard.

gentleman: (n) gent, Mr, male, patrician, sir, adult male, esquire, sahib, gentlemen; (adj) gentilhomme, gentlemanly.

hearing: (n) audition, ear, auditory sense, trial, consultation, reach,

auscultation, inquiry; (n, v) earshot, sound; (adj, n) audience.

hope: (n, v) trust, desire; (n) aspiration, faith, belief, expectation, confidence, expectancy, anticipation; (v) confide, anticipate. ANTONYMS: (n) reality, past, pessimism, distrust, independence.

longest: (adj) best, lengest, fastest, top, record, best ever, greatest.

mark: (adj, n, v) notice; (n, v) brand, score, heed, label, blemish; (n) sign,

impression, character; (v) characterize, distinguish. ANTONYM: (n) enhancement.

morrow: (n) morning, future, mean solar day, day.

nights: (adj) nightly; (n) night. whip: (n, v) lash, strap, goad; (v) flog,

flagellate, beat, punish, thrash, trounce, stir, wallop. ANTONYMS: (v) lose, return.


CLOWN. Doth your honour see any harm in his face?

ESCALUS. Why, no.%

CLOWN. I'll be supposed upon a book his face is the worst thing about him. Good then; if his face be the worst thing about him, how could Master Froth do the constable's wife any harm? I would know that of your honour.

ESCALUS. He's in the right. Constable, what say you to it?

ELBOW. First, an it like you, the house is a respected house; next, this is a respected fellow; and his mistress is a respected woman.

CLOWN. By this hand, sir, his wife is a more respected person than any of us all.

ELBOW. Varlet, thou liest; thou liest, wicked varlet: the time is yet to come that she was ever respected with man, woman, or child.

CLOWN. Sir, she was respected with him before he married with her.

ESCALUS. Which is the wiser here, Justice or Iniquity?--is this true?

ELBOW. O thou caitiff! O thou varlet! O thou wicked Hannibal! I respected with her before I was married to her? If ever I was respected with her, or she with me, let not your worship think me the poor duke's officer.--Prove this, thou wicked Hannibal, or I'll have mine action of battery on thee.

ESCALUS. If he took you a box o' th' ear, you might have your action of slander too.

Thesaurus

battery: (n) troop, cell, barrage, army, suite, company, artillery, assault and battery, barrage fire, primary cell, squad.

caitiff: (n) coward, villain, scoundrel, miscreant, dastard, ruffian, rascal, budmash, brute, barbarian; (adv) cowardly.

constable: (n) police officer, policeman, alderman, burgomaster, Petty constable, portreeve, alguazil, gendarme, tipstaff, peon, patrolman.

respected: (adj) illustrious, respectable, honored, appreciated, dear, revered, valued, redoubtable, celebrated, glorious, famous. ANTONYMS: (adj) ordinary, unreliable, weak.

varlet: (n) rascal, knave, page, attendant, scoundrel, mean wretch, cullion, scalawag, scallywag, rapscallion, scamp.

wicked: (adj) bad, sinful, atrocious, evil, vile, depraved, mischievous, immoral, unholy, nasty, naughty.

ANTONYMS: (adj) innocent, pure, pious, moral, kind, admirable, kindhearted, helpful, decent, assisting, aiding.

worship: (n) adoration, veneration, adulation, cult, homage; (n, v) reverence, respect, honor, revere, adore, glorify. ANTONYMS: (v) disrespect, dishonor, despise, deprecate, scorn; (n) disdain, disparagement, contempt, detestation.


ELBOW. Marry, I thank your good worship for it. What is't your worship's pleasure I should do with this wicked caitiff?

ESCALUS. Truly, officer, because he hath some offences in him that thou wouldst discover if thou couldst, let him continue in his courses till thou knowest what they are.%

ELBOW. Marry, I thank your worship for it.--Thou seest, thou wicked varlet, now, what's come upon thee; thou art to continue now, thou varlet; thou art to continue.

ESCALUS. [To FROTH.] Where were you born, friend?

FROTH. Here in Vienna, sir.

ESCALUS. Are you of fourscore pounds a-year?

FROTH. Yes, an't please you, sir.

ESCALUS. So.--[To the CLOWN.] What trade are you of, sir?

CLOWN. A tapster; a poor widow's tapster.

ESCALUS. Your mistress' name?

CLOWN. Mistress Overdone.

Thesaurus

born: (adj) native, natural, congenital, inbred, inborn, innate, inherent, untutored; (v) be born, to be born, arise. ANTONYMS: (adj) learned, unborn, acquired, trained.

continue: (v) remain, keep, sustain, carry on, endure, persevere, bide, proceed, maintain; (adj, v) prolong; (n, v) hold. ANTONYMS: (v) end, cease, discontinue, halt, renounce, hesitate, complete, fail, desist, finish, neglect.

courses: (n) menses, catamenia. discover: (v) discern, disclose,

ascertain, find, perceive, catch, expose, hear, determine, sense, detect. ANTONYMS: (v) overlook, ignore, disregard, confuse, conceal, lose.

officer: (n) police officer, administrator, constable, commander, military officer, bureaucrat, official, officeholder, executive, agent, employee.

ANTONYM: (n) underling. pleasure: (n) fun, enjoyment,

delectation, joy, comfort, happiness, mirth, inclination; (n, v) contentment, content; (adj, n, v) gratification. ANTONYMS: (n) irritation, nuisance, boredom, ache, displeasure, dissatisfaction, misery, pain, sadness, worry, anguish.

till: (conj, prep) until, unto; (v) plow, hoe, farm, dig; (adj) up to; (n) tiller, drawer; (adv) so far; (prep) to.


ESCALUS. Hath she had any more than one husband?

CLOWN. Nine, sir; Overdone by the last.%

ESCALUS. Nine!--Come hither to me, Master Froth. Master Froth, I would not have you acquainted with tapsters: they will draw you, Master Froth, and you will hang them. Get you gone, and let me hear no more of you.

FROTH. I thank your worship. For mine own part, I never come into any room in a taphouse but I am drawn in.

ESCALUS. Well, no more of it, Master Froth: farewell. [Exit FROTH.] --Come you hither to me, master tapster; what's your name, master tapster?

CLOWN. Pompey.

ESCALUS. What else?

CLOWN. Bum, sir.

ESCALUS. 'Troth, and your bum is the greatest thing about you; so that, in the beastliest sense, you are Pompey the great. Pompey, you are partly a bawd, Pompey, howsoever you colour it in being a tapster. Are you not? come, tell me true; it shall be the better for you.

CLOWN. Truly, sir, I am a poor fellow that would live.

Thesaurus

acquainted: (adj) knowledgeable, informed, aware, cognizant, conversant, hand and glove, intimate, thick; (adv) abreast; (v) inform, acquaint.

bawd: (n) prostitute, fancy woman, whore, cocotte, trollop, hooker, tart, streetwalker, harlot, woman, pimp.

farewell: (int, n) adieu; (n) bye, leave, valediction, adios, parting, goodbye, separation, departure, aloha; (int) bon voyage. ANTONYMS: (n) hello,

salutation, welcome. fellow: (adj, n) comrade, associate; (n)

boy, equal, brother, peer, chap, colleague, compeer, buddy; (adj, n, v) concomitant. ANTONYMS: (n) female, woman, girl, foe, enemy, antagonist, competitor.

hang: (adj, n, v) suspend; (v) dangle, depend, drape, float, fall, hover, append, string up; (n, v) delay; (adj) hung.

hither: (adv) here, whither,

hitherward, thither. howsoever: (adv) however, although,

though, howso. mine: (adj, v) excavate, sap; (n)

excavation, pit, fund, land mine, vein; (v) exploit, burrow; (adj) my, delve.

pompey: (n) Portsmouth, naval base, Pompey the great.

taphouse: (n) public house, pub, pothouse, alehouse, saloon, gin mill, tavern, ginmill, barroom, bar.


ESCALUS. How would you live, Pompey? by being a bawd? What do you think of the trade, Pompey? is it a lawful trade?

CLOWN. If the law would allow it, sir.%

ESCALUS. But the law will not allow it, Pompey: nor it shall not be allowed in Vienna.

CLOWN. Does your worship mean to geld and splay all the youth of the city?

ESCALUS. No, Pompey.

CLOWN. Truly, sir, in my poor opinion, they will to't then. If your worship will take order for the drabs and the knaves, you need not to fear the bawds.

ESCALUS. There is pretty orders beginning, I can tell you. It is but heading and hanging.

CLOWN. If you head and hang all that offend that way but for ten year together, you'll be glad to give out a commission for more heads. If this law hold in Vienna ten year, I'll rent the fairest house in it, after threepence a bay. If you live to see this come to pass, say Pompey told you so.

ESCALUS. Thank you, good Pompey; and, in requital of your prophecy, hark you,--I advise you, let me not find you before me again upon any complaint whatsoever, no, not for dwelling where you do; if I do, Pompey, I shall beat you to your tent, and prove a shrewd Caesar to you; in plain dealing, Pompey, I shall have you whipt: so for this time, Pompey, fare you well.

CLOWN. I thank your worship for your good counsel; but I shall follow it as the flesh and fortune shall better determine. Whip me? No, no; let carman whip his

Thesaurus

carman: (n) coachman, driver. dwelling: (n) domicile, home,

residence, house, place, accommodation, address, building, lodge, habitation; (adj, n) dwell.

geld: (adj, v) emasculate; (v) alter, neuter, agitate, expurgate, glib, spay, demasculinize.

hark: (v) harken, hear, hearken, heed, listen in; (n) look here, look you, look.

lawful: (adj) legal, just, rightful, constitutional, true, right, justifiable,

licit, regular; (n, v) allowable; (adj, v) permissible. ANTONYMS: (adj) unlawful, prohibited, unconstitutional.

prophecy: (n) oracle, augury, prognostication, forecast, vaticination, prevision, prediction, prognosis, omen, revelation, foreboding.

requital: (n) amends, recompense, retribution, reprisal, return, reward, repayment, payment, reckoning, pay;

(n, v) guerdon. shrewd: (adj) sharp, astute, keen,

piercing, clever, cunning, bright; (adj, v) sagacious, knowing, crafty, prudent. ANTONYMS: (adj) foolish, gullible, naive, soft, candid, dim, innocent, guileless, obtuse, indiscriminate.

splay: (v) dislocate, expand, flare, slip, displace, slope, slant, spay, diffuse; (adj) flat, clumsy.


jade; The valiant heart's not whipt out of his trade. [Exit.]

ESCALUS. Come hither to me, Master Elbow; come hither, Master Constable. How long have you been in this place of constable?

ELBOW. Seven year and a half, sir.%

ESCALUS. I thought, by the readiness in the office, you had continued in it some time. You say seven years together?

ELBOW. And a half, sir.

ESCALUS. Alas, it hath been great pains to you!--They do you wrong to put you so oft upon't. Are there not men in your ward sufficient to serve it?

ELBOW. Faith, sir, few of any wit in such matters: as they are chosen, they are glad to choose me for them; I do it for some piece of money, and go through with all.

ESCALUS. Look you, bring me in the names of some six or seven, the most sufficient of your parish.

ELBOW. To your worship's house, sir?

ESCALUS. To my house. Fare you well. [Exit ELBOW.] What's o'clock, think you?

JUSTICE. Eleven, sir.

Thesaurus

glad: (adj) jubilant, cheerful, gay, blithe, delighted, festive, content, delightful, genial, bright, willing. ANTONYMS: (adj) unhappy, apologetic, dismayed, unwilling, disappointed, sorry.

jade: (adj, v) weary, tire; (v) exhaust, pall, fag, harass, wear; (n, v) bore; (n) hussy, horse, nag.

names: (n) calumny, defamation, hatchet job.

o'clock: (n) period, hours.

pains: (n) nisus, labor, trouble, effort, exertion, labour, pain, care, struggle, attempt, strain.

parish: (n) community, congregation, county, region, province, township, borough, church, grazing land, area, arrondissement.

readiness: (n) facility, ease, expedition, preparation, promptness, knack, dexterity, eagerness, quickness, fitness; (adj, n) alacrity. ANTONYMS: (n) reluctance, delay.

serve: (adj, n, v) avail; (v) assist, aid, act, benefit, tend, attend, operate, function, do; (n, v) officiate.

valiant: (adj) brave, courageous, intrepid, fearless, heroic, audacious, gallant, daring, dauntless, stout, stalwart. ANTONYMS: (adj) afraid, despicable.

ward: (n) charge, protection, custody, care, quarter, neighborhood, district, defense, keep; (adj, v) shelter; (v) protect.


ESCALUS. I pray you home to dinner with me.%

JUSTICE. I humbly thank you.

ESCALUS. It grieves me for the death of Claudio; But there's no remedy.

JUSTICE. Lord Angelo is severe.

ESCALUS. It is but needful: Mercy is not itself that oft looks so; Pardon is still the nurse of second woe: But yet,--Poor Claudio!--There's no remedy. Come, sir.

[Exeunt.]

SCENE II. ANOTHER ROOM IN THE SAME. [Enter PROVOST and a SERVANT.] SERVANT.

He's hearing of a cause; he will come straight. I'll tell him of you.

PROVOST. Pray you do. [Exit SERVANT.] I'll know His pleasure; may be he will relent. Alas,

Thesaurus

dinner: (n) banquet, lunch, dinner party, meal, party, beanfeast, spread; (v) tiffin, dejeuner, bever; (adj) dinnerly.

itself: (adj) herself, self, oneself, personally, myself, themselves, yourself.

looks: (n) aspect, countenance, expression, manner, complexion, fashion, costume, garb.

nurse: (n, v) nourish, nurture; (v) look after, entertain, attend, cherish,

lactate, harbor, foster, cultivate, cradle.

pray: (v) beg, implore, entreat, crave, invite, plead, beseech, appeal, importune, adjure, invoke. ANTONYM: (v) reject.

relent: (v) give, give in, melt, soften, moderate, ease, submit, cede, relax, capitulate; (adj) remit. ANTONYMS: (v) worsen, strengthen, resist, stand.

remedy: (n, v) cure, redress, heal, help, medicine, relief; (v) rectify, amend,

relieve, correct; (n) drug. ANTONYM: (n) poison.

severe: (adj, n) rigid, austere, inclement, rough, hard; (adj, v) biting, cutting; (adj) rigorous, bad, intense, heavy. ANTONYMS: (adj) mild, lenient, slight, easy, lax, cordial, kindly, kind, approving, funny, moderate.

thank: (v) give thanks, recognize, bless, thanks, give thanks to, convey, acknowledged, remercy, impart.


He hath but as offended in a dream! All sects, all ages, smack of this vice; and he To die for it!

[Enter ANGELO.] ANGELO.

Now, what's the matter, provost? PROVOST.

Is it your will Claudio shall die to-morrow? ANGELO.

Did not I tell thee yea? hadst thou not order? Why dost thou ask again?

PROVOST. Lest I might be too rash: Under your good correction, I have seen When, after execution, judgment hath Repented o'er his doom.%

ANGELO. Go to; let that be mine: Do you your office, or give up your place, And you shall well be spared.

PROVOST. I crave your honour's pardon: What shall be done, sir, with the groaning Juliet? She's very near her hour.

ANGELO. Dispose of her To some more fitter place; and that with speed.

[Re-enter SERVANT.]

Thesaurus

ages: (n) time out of mind, time immemorial, coon's age, blue moon, month of Sundays.

correction: (n) amendment, adjustment, alteration, chastisement, discipline, redress, castigation, modification, punishment, improvement, emendation. ANTONYMS: (n) fabrication, reward, award, persuasion.

crave: (v) covet, ask, want, beseech, implore, wish, long, entreat, desire,

fancy, claim. ANTONYMS: (v) dislike, spurn, loathe, hate, detest, grant.

execution: (n) accomplishment, achievement, enforcement, implementation, effect, action, carrying out, executing, discharge, death penalty, capital punishment. ANTONYM: (n) omission.

fitter: (n) adjuster, machinist, sartor, cutter, mounter, erector; (adj) suitable, healthier.

groaning: (adj) moaning, groaningly, inarticulate.

o'er: (adv) on, upon, across. offended: (adj) angry, affronted,

aggrieved, pained, wronged, annoyed, insulted, shocked, vexed, resentful, injured. ANTONYMS: (adj) indifferent, proud, unconcerned.

smack: (adv, n, v) slap, bang; (n, v) savor, knock, kiss, hit, buss, wallop; (n) flavor, blow; (adj, n) dash.


SERVANT. Here is the sister of the man condemned Desires access to you.%

ANGELO. Hath he a sister?

PROVOST. Ay, my good lord; a very virtuous maid, And to be shortly of a sisterhood, If not already.

ANGELO. Well, let her be admitted. [Exit SERVANT.] See you the fornicatress be remov'd; Let her have needful but not lavish means; There shall be order for it.

[Enter LUCIO and ISABELLA.] PROVOST.

[Offering to retire.] Save your honour!

ANGELO. Stay a little while.-- [To ISABELLA.] You are welcome. What's your will?

ISABELLA. I am a woeful suitor to your honour, Please but your honour hear me.

ANGELO. Well; what's your suit?

ISABELLA. There is a vice that most I do abhor, And most desire should meet the blow of justice; For which I would not plead, but that I must;

Thesaurus

fornicatress: (n) wanton, jade, loose woman, slut, strumpet, fornicator, hussy, adulterer.

lavish: (v) dissipate; (adj) exuberant, generous, copious, prodigal, ample, abundant, bountiful, excessive, improvident; (adj, v) profuse. ANTONYMS: (adj) simple, scant, economical, impoverished, frugal, unadorned, plain; (v) stint, skimp, begrudge, economize.

plead: (v) entreat, implore, beg, adjure,

petition, ask, appeal, defend, invoke, sue; (n, v) allege. ANTONYMS: (v) answer, demand.

sister: (n) nurse, nun, brother, sisters, older sister, mate, twin, pair, fellow companion, double, match. ANTONYM: (n) brother.

suitor: (n) plaintiff, suer, admirer, beau, candidate, complainant, gallant, boyfriend, applicant, petitioner; (n, v) wooer.

virtuous: (adj) upright, pure,

righteous, good, moral, just, honorable, honest, respectable, decent, pious. ANTONYMS: (adj) bad, sinful, corrupt, impure, unethical, decadent, degenerate, irreverent.

woeful: (adj) sad, lamentable, sorrowful, pitiful, wretched, pitiable, doleful, woebegone, deplorable, piteous, regrettable. ANTONYMS: (adj) happy, joyful, glad, praiseworthy, laudable.


For which I must not plead, but that I am At war 'twixt will and will not.%

ANGELO. Well; the matter?

ISABELLA. I have a brother is condemn'd to die; I do beseech you, let it be his fault, And not my brother.

PROVOST. Heaven give thee moving graces.

ANGELO. Condemn the fault and not the actor of it! Why, every fault's condemn'd ere it be done; Mine were the very cipher of a function, To find the faults whose fine stands in record, And let go by the actor.

ISABELLA. O just but severe law! I had a brother, then.--Heaven keep your honour! [Retiring.]

LUCIO. [To ISABELLA.] Give't not o'er so: to him again, entreat him; Kneel down before him, hang upon his gown; You are too cold: if you should need a pin, You could not with more tame a tongue desire it: To him, I say.

ISABELLA. Must he needs die?

Thesaurus

actor: (n, v) doer, performer; (n) player, agent, thespian, comedian, entertainer, mimic, histrion, artiste, impersonator. ANTONYMS: (n) fan, spectator.

cipher: (n) zero, nothing, number, nil, nobody, null; (n, v) figure, cypher, code; (v) calculate; (adj, n) nonentity. ANTONYMS: (n) infinity; (v) encode, decode, code, scramble.

entreat: (v) beg, beseech, ask, implore, pray, adjure, appeal, request, conjure,

crave, bid. ANTONYMS: (v) demand, reject.

fault: (adj, n, v) deficiency; (n) error, blot, delinquency, flaw, break, blunder; (adj, n) failing, blemish; (n, v) blame, crime. ANTONYMS: (n) strength, virtue, capability, innocence, perfection, credit, ease; (v) praise, absolve.

stands: (n) bleachers, stood, grandstand, standing, stop, covered stand, standpoint, stall, sales booth,

reviewing stand, rack. tame: (v) break, subdue, soften,

domesticate; (adj) meek, docile, bland, domestic, gentle, slow; (adj, v) moderate. ANTONYMS: (adj) exciting, bright, unmanageable, interesting, untamed, inspiring, brilliant, colorful, rebellious, lively.

tongue: (n) lingua, speech, idiom, dialect, clapper, glossa, natural language, striker, talk; (v) lick; (adj) flowing.


ANGELO. Maiden, no remedy.%

ISABELLA. Yes; I do think that you might pardon him, And neither heaven nor man grieve at the mercy.

ANGELO. I will not do't.

ISABELLA. But can you, if you would?

ANGELO. Look, what I will not, that I cannot do.

ISABELLA. But might you do't, and do the world no wrong, If so your heart were touch'd with that remorse As mine is to him?

ANGELO. He's sentenc'd; 'tis too late.

LUCIO. [To ISABELLA.] You are too cold.

ISABELLA. Too late? Why, no; I, that do speak a word, May call it back again. Well, believe this, No ceremony that to great ones 'longs, Not the king's crown nor the deputed sword, The marshal's truncheon nor the judge's robe, Become them with one half so good a grace As mercy does. If he had been as you, and you as he,

Thesaurus

ceremony: (n) courtesy, celebration, ceremonial, parade, pomp, rite, ceremonies, manners, custom, ritual, pageant. ANTONYMS: (n) modesty, understatement.

deputed: (prep) delegated; (adj) delegate.

grieve: (n, v) distress, aggrieve, afflict, sorrow, annoy; (v) trouble, lament, deplore, bemoan, fret, bewail. ANTONYMS: (v) rejoice, celebrate, encourage.

heaven: (n) Eden, firmament, bliss, Elysium, sky, nirvana, glory, Elysian Fields, Garden of Eden, utopia; (adj) celestial. ANTONYM: (n) misery.

mercy: (n) kindness, compassion, pity, favor, leniency, pardon, forgiveness, grace, charity, humanity; (n, v) quarter. ANTONYMS: (n) cruelty, harshness, unkindness, severity, mercilessness, ruthlessness, impatience, inhumanity.

neither: (conj) either, no-one, not

either, nor, nother. pardon: (v) excuse, condone, forgive,

acquit, spare; (n) amnesty, forgiveness, grace; (adj, v) justify, exonerate, exculpate. ANTONYMS: (n, v) blame; (v) punish, castigate, condemn, convict; (n) intolerance.

truncheon: (n) stick, cudgel, Billy, nightstick, baton, mace, bludgeon, staff, bat, switch, billystick.


You would have slipp'd like him; but he, like you, Would not have been so stern.%

ANGELO. Pray you, be gone.

ISABELLA. I would to heaven I had your potency, And you were Isabel! should it then be thus? No; I would tell what 'twere to be a judge And what a prisoner.

LUCIO. [Aside.] Ay, touch him; there's the vein.

ANGELO. Your brother is a forfeit of the law, And you but waste your words.

ISABELLA. Alas! alas! Why, all the souls that were were forfeit once; And He that might the vantage best have took Found out the remedy. How would you be If He, which is the top of judgment, should But judge you as you are? O, think on that; And mercy then will breathe within your lips, Like man new made.

ANGELO. Be you content, fair maid: It is the law, not I, condemns your brother: Were he my kinsman, brother, or my son, It should be thus with him;--he must die to-morrow.

Thesaurus

breathe: (n, v) respire, subsist, imply; (n) breath, bespeak; (adj, n, v) live; (v) exhale, exist, emit, rest, be. ANTONYMS: (v) suffocate, hide, choke, asphyxiate, drain, die, inhale.

content: (n) meaning, matter, capacity, contents, subject; (n, v) contentment; (v) appease, please, satisfy, suffice; (adj) happy. ANTONYMS: (n, v) discontent; (adj) tormented, unhappy, dissatisfied, rebellious, discontented, troubled; (adj, v) upset; (n)

unhappiness, sadness; (v) trouble. judgment: (n, v) decision, belief,

discernment, condemnation, sense, discrimination; (n) determination, discretion, opinion, assessment, adjudication. ANTONYMS: (n) clumsiness, request, tastelessness.

kinsman: (n) relation, relative, kin, kindred, kinswoman, description, forefather, countryman, detail, consanguinity; (v) confederate.

prisoner: (n) captive, hostage, jailbird,

accused, con, gaolbird, criminal, detainee, inmate, defendant, unfortunate.

vantage: (n) superiority, preference, start, handicap, expediency, expedience, advantageousness, odds, asset, tax advantage, head start. ANTONYM: (n) disadvantage.

vein: (n) vena, strain, nervure, mine, temper, blood vessel, tone; (adj, n) mood, humor, strip, frame of mind.


ISABELLA. To-morrow! O, that's sudden! Spare him, spare him! He's not prepared for death. Even for our kitchens We kill the fowl of season: shall we serve heaven With less respect than we do minister To our gross selves? Good, good my lord, bethink you: Who is it that hath died for this offence? There's many have committed it.%

LUCIO. Ay, well said.

ANGELO. The law hath not been dead, though it hath slept: Those many had not dared to do that evil If the first that did the edict infringe Had answer'd for his deed: now 'tis awake; Takes note of what is done; and, like a prophet, Looks in a glass that shows what future evils,-- Either now, or by remissness new conceiv'd, And so in progress to be hatch'd and born,-- Are now to have no successive degrees, But, where they live, to end.

ISABELLA. Yet show some pity.

ANGELO. I show it most of all when I show justice; For then I pity those I do not know, Which a dismiss'd offence would after gall, And do him right that, answering one foul wrong, Lives not to act another. Be satisfied; Your brother dies to-morrow; be content.

Thesaurus

answering: (adj) respondent, responsive, according, agreeing, responsory; (n) respondency.

bethink: (v) recollect, mull, remind, recall, think, reflect, ponder, speculate, ruminate, consider, contemplate.

deed: (n) accomplishment, act, feat, behavior, action, exploit, covenant, doing, document, title, fact. ANTONYM: (n) failure.

edict: (n) act, command, writ,

declaration, ruling, rule, regulation, directive, order, dictate, law.

foul: (adj, v) nasty, base, corrupt, coarse; (adj) filthy, disgusting, evil, unclean, putrid; (n, v) defile, soil. ANTONYMS: (adj, v) clean, pure; (adj) pleasant, fair, inoffensive, humane, attractive, honest, pleasing, fragrant; (v) unclog.

fowl: (n) poultry, bird, domestic fowl, chick, cochin, birds, partlet, poult, hen, fowls, rooster.

remissness: (n) laxity, negligence, laxness, carelessness, heedlessness, inadvertence, inattention, disregard, thoughtlessness, disesteem; (adj) idleness.

selves: (pron) oneself. successive: (adj) consecutive,

sequential, serial, following, succeeding, subsequent, sequent, consequent, ensuing, continuous, next. ANTONYM: (adj) preceding.


ISABELLA. So you must be the first that gives this sentence; And he that suffers. O, it is excellent To have a giant's strength; but it is tyrannous To use it like a giant.%

LUCIO. That's well said.

ISABELLA. Could great men thunder As Jove himself does, Jove would ne'er be quiet, For every pelting petty officer Would use his heaven for thunder: nothing but thunder.-- Merciful Heaven! Thou rather, with thy sharp and sulphurous bolt, Splits the unwedgeable and gnarled oak Than the soft myrtle; but man, proud man! Dress'd in a little brief authority,-- Most ignorant of what he's most assured, His glassy essence,--like an angry ape, Plays such fantastic tricks before high heaven As makes the angels weep; who, with our spleens, Would all themselves laugh mortal.

LUCIO. O, to him, to him, wench: he will relent; He's coming; I perceive 't.

PROVOST. Pray heaven she win him!

ISABELLA. We cannot weigh our brother with ourself: Great men may jest with saints: 'tis wit in them; But, in the less, foul profanation.

Thesaurus

gives: (n) give, offer, provide, grant, accord.

glassy: (adj, v) glossy; (adj) clear, glazed, smooth, flat, crystalline, dead, dull, hyaline, transparent; (v) glabrous. ANTONYMS: (adj) alert, bumpy, dull, expressive, murky, rough.

gnarled: (adj) knotty, knotted, gnarly, asperous, crisp, deformed, crabbed, roughhewn, wrinkled, unsmooth, unpolished. ANTONYMS: (adj)

smooth, unknotted, straight. mortal: (adj) deadly, fatal, lethal,

deathly, earthly; (n) man, individual, creature, person, human being, body. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) immortal; (adj) eternal, heavenly, mild, perfect, spiritual.

myrtle: (n) Vinca minor. ne'er: (adv) never, certainly not. pelting: (n) successiveness,

chronological sequence, chronological succession, hail, rain.

sulphurous: (adj) stifling, acerb, hot, sulphureous, infernal, brimstony, virulent, caustic, containing acid, sultry, burning hot.

weigh: (v) press, study, measure, matter, consider, count, deliberate, contemplate, assess; (n, v) balance, poise. ANTONYMS: (v) ignore, neglect.

wench: (n) miss, damsel, strumpet, trollop, Trull, missy, quean, slut, nymph, dame; (n, v) drab.


LUCIO. Thou'rt i' the right, girl; more o' that.%

ISABELLA. That in the captain's but a choleric word Which in the soldier is flat blasphemy.

LUCIO. Art advised o' that? more on't.

ANGELO. Why do you put these sayings upon me?

ISABELLA. Because authority, though it err like others, Hath yet a kind of medicine in itself That skins the vice o' the top. Go to your bosom; Knock there; and ask your heart what it doth know That's like my brother's fault: if it confess A natural guiltiness such as is his, Let it not sound a thought upon your tongue Against my brother's life.

ANGELO. She speaks, and 'tis Such sense that my sense breeds with it.--Fare you well.

ISABELLA. Gentle my lord, turn back.

ANGELO. I will bethink me:--Come again to-morrow.

ISABELLA. Hark how I'll bribe you. Good my lord, turn back.

ANGELO. How! bribe me?

Thesaurus

advised: (adj) studied, considered, premeditated, deliberate, calculated, intended; (v) determinate, express, designed.

blasphemy: (n) profanity, desecration, violation, profanation, oath, irreverence, curse, profaneness, discourtesy, cursing, insult. ANTONYMS: (n) adoration, respect, reverence.

bribe: (n) bribery, boodle, lure, payment, payoff; (v) corrupt, fix, pay

off, pervert, blackmail; (n, v) reward. choleric: (adj) angry, irascible,

passionate, peppery, fiery, cantankerous, quick-tempered, quarrelsome, cross, snappish, hotheaded.

guiltiness: (n) culpability, criminality, complicity, criminalness, fault, blame, guilty conscience, status, guilt feelings, collusion, blameworthiness. ANTONYM: (n) innocence.

medicine: (n) drug, medication,

medicament, therapy, physic, treatment, remedy, cathartic, medical science, preparation; (v) medicate.

skins: (n) cash, folding money. soldier: (n) warrior, fighter,

serviceman, champion, ranker, military personnel, swordsman, trooper, cavalryman, guardsman, janissary.

speaks: (n) talks.


ISABELLA. Ay, with such gifts that heaven shall share with you.%

LUCIO. You had marr'd all else.

ISABELLA. Not with fond shekels of the tested gold, Or stones, whose rates are either rich or poor As fancy values them: but with true prayers, That shall be up at heaven, and enter there, Ere sunrise: prayers from preserved souls, From fasting maids, whose minds are dedicate To nothing temporal.

ANGELO. Well; come to me To-morrow.

LUCIO. [Aside to ISABELLA.] Go to; 'tis well; away.

ISABELLA. Heaven keep your honour safe!

ANGELO. [Aside.] Amen: for I Am that way going to temptation, Where prayers cross.

ISABELLA. At what hour to-morrow Shall I attend your lordship?

ANGELO. At any time 'fore noon.

Thesaurus

fasting: (n) abstinence, white sheet, shrift, sackcloth and ashes, maceration, lustration, flagellation, watching one's weight, hunger strike, penance; (v) calorie counting.

fond: (adj) affectionate, caring, devoted, tender, loving, amorous, delicate, adoring, doting, ardent, attached. ANTONYMS: (adj) aversion, cold, rough.

lordship: (n) ownership, supremacy, domain, dominance, manor, worship,

authority, power, dynasty, grandeeship, headship.

noon: (n) high noon, noonday, noontide, afternoon, hour, dinnertime, crest, twelve noon; (adj) meridian, meridional; (adj, n) culmination.

preserved: (adj) kept, conserved, whole, pickled, condite, safe. ANTONYM: (adj) fresh.

shekels: (n) dough, moolah, kale, bread, cabbage, gelt, pelf, loot,

dinero, wampum, cash. sunrise: (n) dawn, sunup, daybreak,

daylight, aurora, first light, dayspring, twilight, dawning, break of day, crack of dawn. ANTONYMS: (n) sunset, sundown, nightfall.

temporal: (adj) secular, earthly, profane, lay, carnal, mortal, fleeting, temporary, transient, impermanent, mundane. ANTONYMS: (adj) spiritual, otherworldly, mental, permanent, perpetual, lasting.


ISABELLA. Save %your honour!

[Exeunt LUCIO, ISABELLA, PROVOST.] ANGELO.

From thee; even from thy virtue!-- What's this, what's this? Is this her fault or mine? The tempter or the tempted, who sins most? Ha! Not she; nor doth she tempt; but it is I That, lying by the violet, in the sun Do, as the carrion does, not as the flower, Corrupt with virtuous season. Can it be That modesty may more betray our sense Than woman's lightness? Having waste ground enough, Shall we desire to raze the sanctuary, And pitch our evils there? O, fie, fie, fie! What dost thou? or what art thou, Angelo? Dost thou desire her foully for those things That make her good? O, let her brother live; Thieves for their robbery have authority When judges steal themselves. What! do I love her, That I desire to hear her speak again And feast upon her eyes? What is't I dream on? O cunning enemy, that, to catch a saint, With saints dost bait thy hook! Most dangerous Is that temptation that doth goad us on To sin in loving virtue: never could the strumpet, With all her double vigour, art, and nature, Once stir my temper; but this virtuous maid Subdues me quite.--Ever till now, When men were fond, I smil'd and wonder'd how. [Exit.]

Thesaurus

carrion: (n) carcass, offal, dead body, corpse, filth, ket, any filth, caroigne; (adj) garbage.

evils: (n) mala. foully: (adv) filthily, vilely, uncleanly,

nastily, sordidly, squalidly, offensively, grossly, dingily, revoltingly; (adv, v) shamefully. ANTONYM: (adv) attractively.

goad: (n, v) spur, drive, urge, stimulus, prick; (n) fillip, gad, incentive; (v) foment, incite, encourage.

ANTONYMS: (n) curb, deterrent, disincentive; (v) deter, inhibit, restrain, prevent, soothe, calm, discourage.

judges: (n) judge, adjudicators, jury. lightness: (n) brightness, buoyancy,

frivolity, flightiness, delicacy, airiness, agility, levity, light, nimbleness, flippancy. ANTONYMS: (n) darkness, gravity, weight, harshness, seriousness.

raze: (v) dismantle, destroy, demolish,

devastate, expunge, level, rase, overthrow, erase, bulldoze, flatten. ANTONYM: (v) raise.

tempt: (adj, v) attract, allure; (v) entice, decoy, charm, inveigle, invite, coax, seduce, fascinate, attempt. ANTONYMS: (v) discourage, appall, repel.

tempter: (n) seducer, human, soul, philanderer, person, mortal, individual, someone, somebody.


SCENE III. A ROOM IN A PRISON.%

[Enter DUKE, habited like a Friar, and PROVOST.] DUKE.

Hail to you, provost! so I think you are. PROVOST.

I am the provost. What's your will, good friar? DUKE.

Bound by my charity and my bless'd order, I come to visit the afflicted spirits Here in the prison: do me the common right To let me see them, and to make me know The nature of their crimes, that I may minister To them accordingly.

PROVOST. I would do more than that, if more were needful.

[Enter JULIET.] Look, here comes one; a gentlewoman of mine,

Who, falling in the flaws of her own youth, Hath blister'd her report. She is with child; And he that got it, sentenc'd: a young man More fit to do another such offence Than die for this.

DUKE. When must he die?

PROVOST. As I do think, to-morrow.--

Thesaurus

accordingly: (adv) therefore, thus, so, then, ergo, as a result, correspondingly, according, appropriately, as a consequence, properly. ANTONYM: (adv) unsuitable.

afflicted: (adj) miserable, distressed, stricken, pitiful, sorrowful, ill, woeful, dejected, sorry; (v) afflict, displeased.

charity: (n) dole, favor, aid, liberality, generosity, kindness, alms, mercy,

virtue; (v) almsgiving; (adj, n) brotherly love. ANTONYMS: (n) intolerance, meanness, unkindness, cruelty, malice, stinginess, cheapness, nastiness, inhumanity.

falling: (n) descent, fall, downfall, degradation, depreciation; (adj) descending, decreasing, declining, tumbling, ebb, down. ANTONYMS: (adj) standing, increasing, burgeoning.

gentlewoman: (n) lady, madam,

dame, woman, noblewoman, doll, bird, adult female, noble, chick, ma'am.

habited: (adj) clothed, dressed, garbed. prison: (n) calaboose, confinement,

lockup, penitentiary, jug, chokey, college, prison house, limbo, confine, custody.

visit: (v) frequent, attend, call, view, gossip, jaw, inspect, haunt; (n, v) tour, chat; (n) sojourn.


[To JULIET.] I have provided for you; stay awhile And you shall be conducted.%

DUKE. Repent you, fair one, of the sin you carry?

JULIET. I do; and bear the shame most patiently.

DUKE. I'll teach you how you shall arraign your conscience, And try your penitence, if it be sound Or hollowly put on.

JULIET. I'll gladly learn.

DUKE. Love you the man that wrong'd you?

JULIET. Yes, as I love the woman that wrong'd him.

DUKE. So then, it seems, your most offenceful act Was mutually committed.

JULIET. Mutually.

DUKE. Then was your sin of heavier kind than his.

JULIET. I do confess it, and repent it, father.

DUKE. 'Tis meet so, daughter: but lest you do repent As that the sin hath brought you to this shame,-- Which sorrow is always toward ourselves, not heaven,

Thesaurus

arraign: (v) indict, impeach, charge, denounce, prosecute, condemn; (n, v) cite; (n) apprehend, attach, distrain, commit. ANTONYMS: (v) exonerate, free, discharge, acquit, absolve.

awhile: (adj) in transitu, en passant; (adv) briefly.

gladly: (adv, v) happily; (adv) gleefully, contentedly, cheerfully, fain, joyfully, jovially, cheerily, delightedly, gladsomely, readily. ANTONYMS: (adv) reluctantly, unwillingly, sadly,

resentfully, miserably. hollowly: (adv) voidly, blankly,

emptily, vacuously, sunkenly, inanely, insincerely, vacantly, depressedly, sepulchrally, deceitfully.

penitence: (n) penance, compunction, regret, contrition, remorse, rue, sorrow, atonement, grief, expiation, contriteness.

repent: (v) deplore, bewail, rue, mourn, lament, atone, sorry, bemoan,

feel remorse, grieve, be sorry. sorrow: (n, v) regret, lament, grieve;

(v) mourn; (n) mourning, heartache, repentance, remorse; (adj, n) sadness, misery; (adj, n, v) distress. ANTONYMS: (n) joy, delight, happiness, peace, hopefulness, cheerfulness, shamelessness, calm, content; (v) rejoice.

teach: (v) enlighten, educate, instruct, coach, indoctrinate, drill, learn, lecture, school; (adj, v) guide, show.


Showing we would not spare heaven as we love it, But as we stand in fear,--

JULIET. I do repent me as it is an evil, And take the shame with joy.%

DUKE. There rest. Your partner, as I hear, must die to-morrow, And I am going with instruction to him.-- Grace go with you!

DUKE. Benedicite! [Exit.]

JULIET. Must die to-morrow! O, injurious law, That respites me a life whose very comfort Is still a dying horror!

PROVOST. 'Tis pity of him.

[Exeunt.]

SCENE IV. A ROOM IN ANGELO'S HOUSE. [Enter ANGELO.] ANGELO.

When I would pray and think, I think and pray To several subjects. Heaven hath my empty words; Whilst my invention, hearing not my tongue,

Thesaurus

dying: (n) death, demise, decease, mortality; (adj) vanishing, moribund, last, final, ultimate, failing, ebbing. ANTONYMS: (adj) thriving, well, opening, aborning, developing, flourishing, growing, reviving, rejuvenating; (n) birth.

hear: (int, v) attend; (v) find out, discover, understand, apprehend, hark, learn, try, examine, listen; (adj) heard.

horror: (n) abomination, abhorrence,

dismay, fear, fright, revulsion, alarm, repulsion, anxiety; (adj, n) dread, terror. ANTONYMS: (n) delight, attraction, proclivity, bravery, calm, confidence, security.

injurious: (adj) evil, harmful, hurtful, destructive, bad, disadvantageous, detrimental, adverse, deleterious, inimical, damaging. ANTONYMS: (adj) healing, favorable, healthy, helpful, advantageous, beneficial.

invention: (n) fabrication, conception,

fiction, imagination, creation, discovery, device, innovation, excogitation, artifice; (n, v) forgery. ANTONYM: (n) truth.

shame: (n, v) disgrace, dishonor, discredit, humiliate, degrade, chagrin; (n) humiliation, modesty, scandal, insult; (v) abash. ANTONYMS: (n) pride, glorification, making, worthiness; (v) acknowledge, glorify, respect, dignify.


Anchors on Isabel: Heaven in my mouth, As if I did but only chew his name; And in my heart the strong and swelling evil Of my conception. The state whereon I studied Is, like a good thing, being often read, Grown sear'd and tedious; yea, my gravity, Wherein--let no man hear me--I take pride, Could I with boot change for an idle plume, Which the air beats for vain. O place! O form! How often dost thou with thy case, thy habit, Wrench awe from fools, and tie the wiser souls To thy false seeming! Blood, thou art blood: Let's write good angel on the devil's horn, 'Tis not the devil's crest. [Enter SERVANT.] How now, who's there?

SERVANT. One Isabel, a sister, Desires access to you.%

ANGELO. Teach her the way. [Exit SERVANT.] O heavens! Why does my blood thus muster to my heart, Making both it unable for itself And dispossessing all the other parts Of necessary fitness? So play the foolish throngs with one that swoons; Come all to help him, and so stop the air By which he should revive: and even so The general, subject to a well-wished king

Thesaurus

beats: (n) beat, beatniks, Beat Generation.

chew: (n, v) chaw, bite; (v) champ, munch, gnaw, chomp, crunch, manducate, masticate, mouth; (n) cud. ANTONYMS: (v) dismiss, ignore.

muster: (v) assemble, gather, congregate, collect, convene, rally, marshal, accumulate; (n) levy, gathering; (n, v) draft. ANTONYM: (v) demobilize.

revive: (v) refresh, invigorate, quicken, renew, renovate, restore, resuscitate, animate, awake, repair, recreate. ANTONYMS: (v) demoralize, kill, slay, stagnate, abandon, die, drain.

seeming: (adj) ostensible, superficial, illusory, outward, probable, deceptive, specious; (adj, n) appearance, semblance; (n) aspect, show. ANTONYMS: (adj) actual, deep, inner.

swelling: (n) protuberance, lump,

swell, intumescence, growth, projection, prominence, bulge, dropsy; (adj, v) inflated; (adj) growing. ANTONYM: (n) decline.

vain: (adj) proud, arrogant, conceited, fruitless, idle, empty, abortive, ineffectual, unproductive, narcissistic; (adj, v) useless. ANTONYMS: (adj) shy, successful, possible, persuasive, selfless, fruitful, humble, useful, responsible, worthwhile, effective.


Quit their own part, and in obsequious fondness Crowd to his presence, where their untaught love Must needs appear offence. [Enter ISABELLA.] How now, fair maid?

ISABELLA. I am come to know your pleasure.%

ANGELO. That you might know it, would much better please me Than to demand what 'tis. Your brother cannot live.

ISABELLA. Even so?--Heaven keep your honour! [Retiring.]

ANGELO. Yet may he live awhile: and, it may be, As long as you or I: yet he must die.

ISABELLA. Under your sentence?

ANGELO. Yea.

ISABELLA. When? I beseech you? that in his reprieve, Longer or shorter, he may be so fitted That his soul sicken not.

ANGELO. Ha! Fie, these filthy vices! It were as good To pardon him that hath from nature stolen A man already made, as to remit Their saucy sweetness that do coin heaven's image In stamps that are forbid; 'tis all as easy

Thesaurus

filthy: (adj) unclean, dingy, nasty, foul, disgusting, squalid, bawdy, muddy, grimy, grubby, vile. ANTONYMS: (adj) decent, pleasant, attractive.

forbid: (v) prohibit, ban, disallow, bar, obstruct, exclude, deny, avert, frustrate, to prohibit, enjoin. ANTONYMS: (v) allow, let, approve, authorize, stand.

obsequious: (adj) servile, flattering, submissive, cringing, sycophantic, ingratiating, humble, toadying,

supple, subservient; (adj, v) deferential. ANTONYMS: (adj) domineering, assertive, disrespectful.

saucy: (adj, n) pert; (adj) bold, impudent, audacious, insolent, fresh, forward, impertinent, flippant, rude, brazen. ANTONYM: (adj) respectful.

shorter: (adj) smaller, inferior. sicken: (v) repel, nauseate, revolt,

disgust, pall, shock, offend, appall, scandalize, get sick, languish. ANTONYMS: (v) attract, delight.

sweetness: (n) sugariness, sweet, redolence, pleasantness, fragrance, aroma, charm, perfume, amenity, niceness, kindness. ANTONYMS: (n) sourness, sharpness, unpleasantness, harshness, tastelessness, unkindness.

untaught: (adj) illiterate, ignorant, unschooled, uninformed, untutored, uninstructed, uncultivated, unlicked, unnurtured, unhatched, unfledged. ANTONYMS: (adj) trained, educated, literate, economical.


Falsely to take away a life true made As to put metal in restrained means To make a false one.%

ISABELLA. 'Tis set down so in heaven, but not in earth.

ANGELO. Say you so? then I shall pose you quickly. Which had you rather,--that the most just law Now took your brother's life; or, to redeem him, Give up your body to such sweet uncleanness As she that he hath stain'd?

ISABELLA. Sir, believe this, I had rather give my body than my soul.

ANGELO. I talk not of your soul; our compell'd sins Stand more for number than for accompt.

ISABELLA. How say you?

ANGELO. Nay, I'll not warrant that; for I can speak Against the thing I say. Answer to this;-- I, now the voice of the recorded law, Pronounce a sentence on your brother's life: Might there not be a charity in sin, To save this brother's life?

ISABELLA. Please you to do't, I'll take it as a peril to my soul It is no sin at all, but charity.

Thesaurus

earth: (n) world, dust, ground, land, lair, dry land, terra firma, clay, creation, ball, country.

false: (adj, n) bastard; (adj, adv) counterfeit, deceitful; (adj) untrue, dishonest, erroneous, sham, assumed, artificial, fictitious, deceptive. ANTONYMS: (adj) real, genuine, faithful, factual, correct, natural, truthful, honest, valid, just, loyal.

peril: (n, v) hazard, risk, endanger,

menace, adventure; (n) danger, jeopardy, chance; (v) imperil, expose, compromise. ANTONYM: (n) security.

pose: (n, v) position, masquerade, posture; (v) attitudinize, place, perplex, impersonate, lay; (n) affectation, bearing, airs.

redeem: (v) recover, deliver, atone, recoup, expiate, ransom, reclaim, save, free, extricate, refund. ANTONYMS: (v) hock, pawn, lose.

restrained: (adj) reserved, quiet, modest, temperate, discreet, limited, reasonable, subdued, unemotional, reticent, guarded. ANTONYMS: (adj) unrestrained, open, flashy, immoral, ostentatious, wild, loud, theatrical, outgoing, extravagant, emotional.

warrant: (n, v) permit, vouch, license, assure, sanction, empower; (n) authority, authorization, security; (v) justify, ensure. ANTONYMS: (n) break; (v) debar.


ANGELO. Pleas'd you to do't at peril of your soul, Were equal poise of sin and charity.%

ISABELLA. That I do beg his life, if it be sin, Heaven let me bear it! You granting of my suit, If that be sin, I'll make it my morn prayer To have it added to the faults of mine, And nothing of your answer.

ANGELO. Nay, but hear me: Your sense pursues not mine: either you are ignorant Or seem so, craftily; and that's not good.

ISABELLA. Let me be ignorant, and in nothing good But graciously to know I am no better.

ANGELO. Thus wisdom wishes to appear most bright When it doth tax itself: as these black masks Proclaim an enshielded beauty ten times louder Than beauty could, displayed.--But mark me; To be received plain, I'll speak more gross: Your brother is to die.

ISABELLA. So.

ANGELO. And his offence is so, as it appears, Accountant to the law upon that pain.

ISABELLA. True.

Thesaurus

craftily: (adv) cunningly, shrewdly, astutely, smartly, slyly, trickily, deviously, dexterously, foxily, dishonestly, deceitfully. ANTONYMS: (adv) naively, honestly, brazenly.

graciously: (adv) gracefully, mildly, politely, courteously, benevolently, benignantly, civilly, sympathetically, mercifully, leniently, suavely. ANTONYMS: (adv) bitterly, coarsely, poorly, ungraciously, harshly.

granting: (n) concession, conceding, yielding, surrendering, issue, agreement; (conj) although.

ignorant: (adj) unconscious, unwitting, rude, illiterate, uneducated, blind, dull, unaware, uninformed, unlearned, innocent. ANTONYMS: (adj) conscious, versed, cultured, educated, informed, wary, literate, aware, polite.

morn: (n) dawn, daybreak, forenoon, period, prime, aurora, a, amount of

time, break of dawn, break of day, break of the day.

poise: (n) equilibrium, equanimity, composure, assurance, parity, bearing, calmness, cool, aplomb; (v) hover, brace. ANTONYMS: (n) unsteadiness, timidity, clumsiness, awkwardness, agitation, panic.

wishes: (n) desires, requirements, requests, needs, will.


ANGELO. Admit no other way to save his life,-- As I subscribe not that, nor any other, But, in the loss of question,--that you, his sister, Finding yourself desir'd of such a person, Whose credit with the judge, or own great place, Could fetch your brother from the manacles Of the all-binding law; and that there were No earthly mean to save him but that either You must lay down the treasures of your body To this suppos'd, or else to let him suffer; What would you do?

ISABELLA. As much for my poor brother as myself: That is, were I under the terms of death, The impression of keen whips I'd wear as rubies, And strip myself to death, as to a bed That longing have been sick for, ere I'd yield My body up to shame.%

ANGELO. Then must your brother die.

ISABELLA. And 'twere the cheaper way: Better it were a brother died at once Than that a sister, by redeeming him, Should die for ever.

ANGELO. Were not you, then, as cruel as the sentence That you have slandered so?

ISABELLA. Ignominy in ransom and free pardon

Thesaurus

cruel: (adj, v) hard, harsh, sharp, severe; (adj) barbarous, unkind, brutal, bloody, bitter, savage, atrocious. ANTONYMS: (adj) merciful, gentle, sympathetic, humane, liberal, compassionate, charitable, friendly, caring, considerate, libertarian.

earthly: (adj, n) terrestrial; (adj) carnal, worldly, conceivable, human, geotic, secular, terrene, temporal, telluric, sublunary. ANTONYMS: (adj)

spiritual, divine, ethereal, immortal, impossible, improbable, inconceivable, celestial.

fetch: (v) carry, bring, bring in, convey, draw, elicit, deliver, catch, get, attract; (adj, n) feint.

judge: (v) consider, think, evaluate, believe, condemn, assess, calculate, guess; (n) arbitrator, arbiter; (n, v) umpire. ANTONYM: (v) doubt.

ransom: (v) redeem, repair, extricate; (n, v) rescue, blackmail, repurchase;

(n) deliverance, ransom money, assessment, benevolence, excise.

slandered: (adj) bespattered, calumniated.

strip: (v) deprive, despoil, peel, rifle, plunder, divest, denude, ransack, pillage; (n) band, slip. ANTONYMS: (v) decorate, cover, add.

subscribe: (v) confirm, sign, contribute, ratify, subscribe to, underwrite, agree, buy, donate, endorse, accept.


Are of two houses; lawful mercy Is nothing kin to foul redemption.%

ANGELO. You seem'd of late to make the law a tyrant; And rather prov'd the sliding of your brother A merriment than a vice.

ISABELLA. O, pardon me, my lord! It oft falls out, To have what we would have, we speak not what we mean: I something do excuse the thing I hate For his advantage that I dearly love.

ANGELO. We are all frail.

ISABELLA. Else let my brother die, If not a feodary, but only he, Owe, and succeed by weakness.

ANGELO. Nay, women are frail too.

ISABELLA. Ay, as the glasses where they view themselves; Which are as easy broke as they make forms. Women! Help heaven! men their creation mar In profiting by them. Nay, call us ten times frail; For we are soft as our complexions are, And credulous to false prints.

ANGELO. I think it well: And from this testimony of your own sex,-- Since, I suppose, we are made to be no stronger

Thesaurus

credulous: (adj) gullible, unsuspecting, simple, unsuspicious, unquestioning, green, trusting, unwary, innocent, believing, illogical. ANTONYMS: (adj) suspicious, wary, disbelieving, suspecting, skeptical, cynical, untrusting, shrewd, rational, smart, mistrustful.

dearly: (adv) affectionately, preciously, darlingly, sweetly, petly, expensively, belovedly, intimately, highly, heartfeltly, lovely.

falls: (n) cataract, waterfall, chute, angel, torrent, Victoria, twin, force, body of water, Guaira, Niagara.

frail: (adj, v) weak, feeble; (adj) fragile, flimsy, delicate, breakable, rickety, slender, light, slim; (v) faint. ANTONYMS: (adj) substantial, robust, tough, fit, healthy, hearty, perfect, weighty, well, capable, sturdy.

merriment: (n) fun, amusement, cheerfulness, hilarity, glee, jollity,

frolic, gaiety, happiness, festivity; (adj, n) mirth. ANTONYMS: (n) misery, gloom, seriousness, despondency, boredom.

sliding: (n) skating, shifting; (adj) gliding, down, downhill, slippery, labent, descending, downward; (v) to slide.

testimony: (n, v) attestation, witness; (n) declaration, proof, evidence, testimonial, confirmation, statement, affidavit, affirmation, profession.


Than faults may shake our frames,--let me be bold;-- I do arrest your words. Be that you are, That is, a woman; if you be more, you're none; If you be one,--as you are well express'd By all external warrants,--show it now By putting on the destin'd livery.%

ISABELLA. I have no tongue but one: gentle, my lord, Let me intreat you, speak the former language.

ANGELO. Plainly conceive, I love you.

ISABELLA. My brother did love Juliet; and you tell me That he shall die for it.

ANGELO. He shall not, Isabel, if you give me love.

ISABELLA. I know your virtue hath a license in't, Which seems a little fouler than it is, To pluck on others.

ANGELO. Believe me, on mine honour, My words express my purpose.

ISABELLA. Ha! little honour to be much believed, And most pernicious purpose!--Seeming, seeming!-- I will proclaim thee, Angelo; look for't: Sign me a present pardon for my brother Or, with an outstretch'd throat, I'll tell the world Aloud what man thou art.

Thesaurus

conceive: (v) think, imagine, comprehend, design, apprehend, realize, discover, cogitate, appreciate, invent, catch. ANTONYMS: (v) destroy, doubt, misunderstand, question, ruin.

gentle: (adj) easy, friendly, soft, kind, affable, balmy, mild, feeble, compassionate; (adj, adv) calm; (adj, v) tame. ANTONYMS: (adj) harsh, loud, fierce, caustic, violent, rough, hardhearted, abrupt, heavy, steep,

sheer. license: (n, v) permit, allow, licence;

(n) allowance, freedom, permission, liberty, authority, authorization, certificate; (v) certify. ANTONYMS: (v) decertify; (n) restriction.

pernicious: (adj) detrimental, evil, bad, injurious, fatal, noxious, deadly, baneful, mischievous, mortal, malign. ANTONYMS: (adj) favorable, pleasant, harmless.

pluck: (adj, n) nerve; (v) cull, jerk,

gather, pick, fleece, grab; (n) grit, courage, boldness; (n, v) pull. ANTONYMS: (n) cowardice, gutlessness; (v) undercharge.

proclaim: (v) declare, assert, advertise, broadcast, promulgate, enunciate, herald, decree, divulge, notify, annunciate.

shake: (n, v) jolt, beat, jar, quiver, wave; (v) agitate, excite, disturb; (adv, v) brandish; (adj, v) quake, totter. ANTONYMS: (v) soothe, steady.


ANGELO. Who %will believe thee, Isabel? My unsoil'd name, th' austereness of my life, My vouch against you, and my place i' the state, Will so your accusation overweigh That you shall stifle in your own report, And smell of calumny. I have begun, And now I give my sensual race the rein: Fit thy consent to my sharp appetite; Lay by all nicety and prolixious blushes That banish what they sue for: redeem thy brother By yielding up thy body to my will; Or else he must not only die the death, But thy unkindness shall his death draw out To lingering sufferance: answer me to-morrow, Or, by the affection that now guides me most, I'll prove a tyrant to him. As for you, Say what you can, my false o'erweighs your true. [Exit.]

ISABELLA. To whom should I complain? Did tell this, Who would believe me? O perilous mouths That bear in them one and the self-same tongue Either of condemnation or approof! Bidding the law make court'sy to their will; Hooking both right and wrong to the appetite, To follow as it draws! I'll to my brother: Though he hath fallen by prompture of the blood, Yet hath he in him such a mind of honour That, had he twenty heads to tender down On twenty bloody blocks, he'd yield them up Before his sister should her body stoop

Thesaurus

austereness: (n) severity, austerity, severeness.

banish: (v) dispel, expel, displace, relegate, oust, expatriate, eject, dismiss, transport, cast out; (adj, v) exile. ANTONYMS: (v) keep, embrace, adopt, invite, include.

calumny: (n) defamation, slander, traducement, detraction, scandal, obloquy, libel, vilification, slur, backbiting, disparagement.

nicety: (n) detail, exactness,

fastidiousness, nuance, refinement, exactitude, justness, precision, correctness, daintiness, elegance.

self-same: (adj) uniform, twin. sufferance: (n) allowance, patience,

permission, forbearance, leave, toleration, suffering, resignation, acceptance; (n, v) tolerance; (adj, v) supportance.

unkindness: (n) heartlessness, callousness, thoughtlessness, inconsideration, inconsiderateness,

diskindness, insensitivity, unpleasantness, unfriendliness, unkindliness, insensitiveness. ANTONYMS: (n) goodwill, diplomacy, gentleness, humanity, thoughtfulness.

vouch: (v) guarantee, secure, promise, certify, attest, pledge, swear, testify, protest, confirm, affirm. ANTONYMS: (v) deny, disavow, refute.


To %such abhorr'd pollution. Then, Isabel, live chaste, and, brother, die: More than our brother is our chastity. I'll tell him yet of Angelo's request, And fit his mind to death, for his soul's rest. [Exit.]

Thesaurus

brother: (n) fellow, blood brother, associate, counterpart, crony, comrade, buddy, peer, chum, sidekick, monk. ANTONYMS: (n) enemy, opposer, opponent.

chaste: (adj) virtuous, moral, virgin, modest, unsullied, austere, vestal, severe, continent, spotless, decent. ANTONYMS: (adj) corrupt, wanton, lewd, sleazy, promiscuous, immoral, dirty, defiled, impure, tainted.

death: (n) expiration, end, close, exit,

fate, mortality, departure, cessation, decease, dissolution; (adj) quietus. ANTONYMS: (n) existence, delivery, living, nascency, being, survival, life, beginning.

live: (adj) alive, living; (adj, v) reside, active, dwell, stay; (n, v) subsist; (v) exist, be, abide, endure. ANTONYMS: (adj) inanimate, inactive, silent, dummy, blank, recorded; (v) die, perish, expire.

mind: (n, v) intellect, notice, regard; (v)

care, look, attend, beware, keep, listen, look after; (n) disposition. ANTONYMS: (v) forget, neglect, disregard, disobey, Miss, ignore; (n) emotion, inattention; (adj) physical.

tell: (n, v) disclose, impart, count; (v) relate, reveal, recount, divulge, explain, communicate; (adj, v) declare, express. ANTONYMS: (v) request, misunderstand, estimate, listen, figure, guess, withhold, conceal, suppress, confuse.


ACT I I I

SCENE I. A ROOM IN THE PRISON.%

[Enter DUKE, CLAUDIO, and PROVOST.] DUKE.

So, then you hope of pardon from Lord Angelo? CLAUDIO.

The miserable have no other medicine But only hope: I have hope to live, and am prepar'd to die.

DUKE. Be absolute for death; either death or life Shall thereby be the sweeter. Reason thus with life,-- If I do lose thee, I do lose a thing That none but fools would keep: a breath thou art, Servile to all the skiey influences, That dost this habitation, where thou keep'st Hourly afflict; mere'y, thou art death's fool; For him thou labour'st by thy flight to shun, And yet runn'st toward him still. Thou art not noble;

Thesaurus

absolute: (adj) total, unconditional, downright, full, categorical, utter, sheer; (adj, v) peremptory, unqualified; (adj, n) positive, real. ANTONYMS: (adj) partial, qualified, incomplete, limited, provisional, uncertain, democratic, blemished, circumscribed, comparative, complaisant.

afflict: (n, v) pain, distress; (v) trouble, grieve, torment, hurt, strike, aggrieve, smite, bother, disturb.

ANTONYMS: (v) aid, comfort, encourage, help, soothe.

flight: (adj, n) herd, flying, bevy, drove; (n) escape, run, exodus, evasion, elopement, departure; (n, v) avolation.

habitation: (adj, n) abode; (n) domicile, residence, house, home, habitat, lodging, place, occupancy, inhabitation, inhabitancy. ANTONYM: (n) vacancy.

miserable: (adj, v) forlorn, wretched,

unhappy; (adj) mean, low, abject, deplorable, downcast, bad, desolate; (adj, adv) meager. ANTONYMS: (adj) happy, generous, cheerful, cheery, bright, fortunate, hopeful, jubilant, luxurious, overjoyed, heavenly.

thereby: (adv) whereby, hereby. toward: (prep) to, towards,

approaching, headed for, just before, of, in the direction of; (adv, prep) on; (adv) about, around, by. ANTONYMS: (prep) from, away.


For %all the accommodations that thou bear'st Are nurs'd by baseness. Thou art by no means valiant; For thou dost fear the soft and tender fork Of a poor worm. Thy best of rest is sleep, And that thou oft provok'st; yet grossly fear'st Thy death, which is no more. Thou art not thyself: For thou exist'st on many a thousand grains That issue out of dust. Happy thou art not; For what thou hast not, still thou striv'st to get; And what thou hast, forgett'st. Thou art not certain; For thy complexion shifts to strange effects, After the moon. If thou art rich, thou art poor; For, like an ass whose back with ingots bows, Thou bear'st thy heavy riches but a journey, And death unloads thee. Friend hast thou none; For thine own bowels, which do call thee sire, The mere effusion of thy proper loins, Do curse the gout, serpigo, and the rheum, For ending thee no sooner. Thou hast nor youth nor age, But, as it were, an after-dinner's sleep, Dreaming on both: for all thy blessed youth Becomes as aged, and doth beg the alms Of palsied eld; and when thou art old and rich Thou hast neither heat, affection, limb, nor beauty, To make thy riches pleasant. What's yet in this That bears the name of life? Yet in this life Lie hid more thousand deaths: yet death we fear, That makes these odds all even.

CLAUDIO. I humbly thank you. To sue to live, I find I seek to die; And, seeking death, find life. Let it come on.

Thesaurus

accommodations: (n) house, housing, lodging, habitat.

baseness: (n) meanness, despicability, evil, depravity, wickedness, dirtiness, unworthiness, iniquity, infamy, lowness, villainy. ANTONYM: (n) goodness.

bears: (n) fissiped, badgers, Carnivora, order Carnivora.

bowels: (n) gut, compassion, pity, inside, bowel, viscera, innards, belly, guts, insides, intestines.

complexion: (n, v) tint; (n) cast, character, appearance, look, hue, aspect, flush, glow, dye, fashion.

effusion: (n) effluence, eruption, outpour, efflux, outburst, exudation, extrusion, exhalation, emanation, emission, flow.

gout: (n) taste, relish, arthritis, go-out; (v) cephalalgia, earache, otalgia, odontalgia, neuralgia, lumbago, sciatica.

grossly: (adv) rudely, roughly,

commonly, heavily, bluntly, disgustingly, shamefully, rankly, totally, uncouthly, obscenely. ANTONYM: (adv) appealingly.

palsied: (adj) paralyzed, disabled, motionless, unsteady, weak, comatose, unconscious; (v) paralyse, paralyze, withered.

riches: (n, v) money; (n) affluence, abundance, fortune, opulence, plenty, prosperity, exuberance, treasure, resources; (v) gold.


ISABELLA. [Within.] What, ho! Peace here; grace and good company!

PROVOST. Who's there? come in: the wish deserves a welcome.%

DUKE. Dear sir, ere long I'll visit you again.

CLAUDIO. Most holy sir, I thank you.

[Enter ISABELLA.] ISABELLA.

My business is a word or two with Claudio. PROVOST.

And very welcome. Look, signior, here's your sister. DUKE.

Provost, a word with you. PROVOST.

As many as you please. DUKE.

Bring me to hear them speak, where I may be conceal'd. [Exeunt DUKE and PROVOST.] CLAUDIO.

Now, sister, what's the comfort? ISABELLA.

Why, As all comforts are; most good, most good, in deed: Lord Angelo, having affairs to heaven, Intends you for his swift ambassador, Where you shall be an everlasting leiger:

Thesaurus

again: (adv) more, then, repeatedly, anew, encore, furthermore, yet, also, often, once again, once more.

comfort: (n, v) ease, allay, support, aid, alleviate; (n) consolation, relief, amenity, assistance; (adj, n, v) assuage; (v) cheer. ANTONYMS: (n) discomfort, aggravation, agony; (v) alarm, annoy, frighten, afflict, aggravate, bother, burden, disappoint.

comforts: (n) amenities, bread and

butter, convenience, conveniences. everlasting: (adj) eternal, ceaseless,

endless, constant, continual, perpetual, immortal, deathless, ageless, aeonian; (adj, n) lasting. ANTONYMS: (adj) finite, ephemeral, fleeting, mortal, ending, terminating, inconstant, fragile, perishable.

grace: (adj, v) adorn; (v) garnish, deck, embellish, beautify, decorate, embroider; (adj, n, v) favor; (n) elegance, beauty; (adj, n) clemency.

ANTONYMS: (n) unseemliness, awkwardness, disfavor, inelegance, heaviness, unkindness; (v) deface, demean.

signior: (n) don, man, Mr, adult male, signor.

swift: (adj, adv, v) fast; (adj) quick, fleet, speedy, alert, nimble, hasty, prompt, sudden, hurried; (adj, v) rapid. ANTONYMS: (adj) considered, leisurely, sluggish, gradual, delayed, clumsy.


Therefore, your best appointment make with speed; To-morrow you set on.%

CLAUDIO. Is there no remedy?

ISABELLA. None, but such remedy as, to save a head, To cleave a heart in twain.

CLAUDIO. But is there any?

ISABELLA. Yes, brother, you may live: There is a devilish mercy in the judge, If you'll implore it, that will free your life, But fetter you till death.

CLAUDIO. Perpetual durance?

ISABELLA. Ay, just; perpetual durance; a restraint, Though all the world's vastidity you had, To a determin'd scope.

CLAUDIO. But in what nature?

ISABELLA. In such a one as, you consenting to't, Would bark your honour from that trunk you bear, And leave you naked.

CLAUDIO. Let me know the point.

Thesaurus

bark: (n, v) skin, yelp, snarl, cry, rind, shout; (v) growl, roar; (n) bay, peel, crust. ANTONYMS: (n, v) whisper.

cleave: (adj, v) adhere, cohere; (v) split, divide, burst, stick, tear, sever, rive, cling, break. ANTONYMS: (v) forsake, abandon, meld, relinquish, separate, unite, attach.

consenting: (adj) agreeable, yielding, submissive, consentant, compliant, affirmative, accepting; (v) complying, chosen.

devilish: (adj, v) diabolic, satanic, infernal, mephistophelian, demoniacal; (adj) demonic, wicked, diabolical, terrific; (v) Stygian; (adv) devilishly. ANTONYMS: (adj) cherubic, godlike, good, saintly, virtuous.

durance: (n) captivity, dure, incarceration, imprisonment, immurement, duress.

fetter: (n, v) shackle, bond, gyve, hamper, hobble, tether; (v) bind,

chain, confine, handcuff, band. ANTONYMS: (v) free, facilitate.

implore: (v) beg, beseech, supplicate, ask, conjure, crave, pray, importune, appeal, plead, solicit. ANTONYMS: (v) demand, grant, reject.

trunk: (n) stem, boot, torso, bole, body, stalk, snout, proboscis, stock, tree trunk, box.

twain: (n) pair, brace, dyad, deuce, twosome, duo, straddle, bitstock, coupling, braces, yoke.


ISABELLA. O, I do fear thee, Claudio; and I quake, Lest thou a feverous life shouldst entertain, And six or seven winters more respect Than a perpetual honour. Dar'st thou die? The sense of death is most in apprehension; And the poor beetle that we tread upon In corporal sufferance finds a pang as great As when a giant dies.%

CLAUDIO. Why give you me this shame? Think you I can a resolution fetch From flowery tenderness? If I must die, I will encounter darkness as a bride And hug it in mine arms.

ISABELLA. There spake my brother; there my father's grave Did utter forth a voice! Yes, thou must die: Thou art too noble to conserve a life In base appliances. This outward-sainted deputy,-- Whose settled visage and deliberate word Nips youth i' the head, and follies doth emmew As falcon doth the fowl,--is yet a devil; His filth within being cast, he would appear A pond as deep as hell.

CLAUDIO. The precise Angelo?

ISABELLA. O, 'tis the cunning livery of hell The damned'st body to invest and cover In precise guards! Dost thou think, Claudio,

Thesaurus

beetle: (v) project, jut, bulge; (adj) beetling, impend, bestride, mount, ride, protrusive; (n) mallet; (adj, v) hang over.

corporal: (adj) bodily, carnal, physical, animal, somatic, bodied, collective, embodied; (adv) fleshly; (n) noncom, sergeant. ANTONYMS: (adj) mental, intangible, cerebral.

falcon: (n) caracara, thug, freebooter, mosstrooper, peregrine falcon, harpy, Merlin, land shark, shark, hobby,

dacoit. feverous: (adj) febrile, hot, hectic, sick,

sicker, ill. filth: (n) grime, garbage, foulness,

impurity, soil, blot, stain, nastiness, squalor, uncleanliness; (adj) impure. ANTONYMS: (n) cleanliness, luxury, loveliness.

flowery: (adj, v) florid; (adj) bloomy, floral, blossomy, figurative, fancy, verbose, rhetorical, elaborate, ornamented; (v) gay. ANTONYM:

(adj) concise. livery: (adj) liverish, bilious; (n)

clothing, accouterment, uniform, complexion, legal transfer, color, hue, dye, bailment.

pang: (n) pain, torture, ache, agony, twinge, affliction, sting, stab, distress, ailment, cramp.

visage: (n) face, look, mug, physiognomy, expression, kisser, appearance, aspect, brow, smiler, forehead.


If I would yield him my virginity Thou mightst be freed?

CLAUDIO. O heavens! it cannot be.%

ISABELLA. Yes, he would give it thee, from this rank offence, So to offend him still. This night's the time That I should do what I abhor to name, Or else thou diest to-morrow.

CLAUDIO. Thou shalt not do't.

ISABELLA. O, were it but my life, I'd throw it down for your deliverance As frankly as a pin.

CLAUDIO. Thanks, dear Isabel.

ISABELLA. Be ready, Claudio, for your death to-morrow.

CLAUDIO. Yes.--Has he affections in him That thus can make him bite the law by the nose When he would force it? Sure it is no sin; Or of the deadly seven it is the least.

ISABELLA. Which is the least?

CLAUDIO. If it were damnable, he, being so wise, Why would he for the momentary trick Be perdurably fined?--O Isabel!

Thesaurus

abhor: (v) hate, detest, abominate, execrate, despise, dislike, nauseate, disdain, scorn, resent, dread. ANTONYMS: (v) adore, approve, like, cherish, embrace, relish, treasure, admire.

affections: (n) bosom. bite: (n, v) nip, cut, taste, hurt, pain; (v)

pinch, chew, erode, gnaw, eat; (n) morsel. ANTONYMS: (n) lot, whole, mildness.

damnable: (adj) cursed, damned,

abominable, hateful, accursed, devilish, infernal, disgusting, sinful, deplorable, offensive. ANTONYMS: (adj) commendable, laudable, praiseworthy.

deadly: (adj, adv) deathly; (adj) baneful, lethal, fatal, destructive, mortal, pernicious, virulent, toxic; (adv) lifelessly, lethally. ANTONYMS: (adj) interesting, uplifting, readable, mild, healthy, healthful, benign, innocuous,

exciting. freed: (adj) disentangled, emancipated,

disengaged, liberated, extricated, freer, unchained, untied, loosened, disillusioned, not tied up.

momentary: (adj) brief, fugitive, transient, short, instantaneous, ephemeral, passing, momentaneous, temporary, impermanent, temporal. ANTONYMS: (adj) lasting, lengthy, long.


ISABELLA. What says my brother?

CLAUDIO. Death is a fearful thing.%

ISABELLA. And shamed life a hateful.

CLAUDIO. Ay, but to die, and go we know not where; To lie in cold obstruction, and to rot; This sensible warm motion to become A kneaded clod; and the delighted spirit To bathe in fiery floods or to reside In thrilling regions of thick-ribbed ice; To be imprison'd in the viewless winds, And blown with restless violence round about The pendent world; or to be worse than worst Of those that lawless and incertain thought Imagine howling!--'tis too horrible! The weariest and most loathed worldly life That age, ache, penury, and imprisonment Can lay on nature is a paradise To what we fear of death.

ISABELLA. Alas, alas!

CLAUDIO. Sweet sister, let me live: What sin you do to save a brother's life Nature dispenses with the deed so far That it becomes a virtue.

Thesaurus

becomes: (v) become. clod: (adj, n) lump; (n) oaf, glebe, ball,

clay, yokel, gawk, agglomeration, lout, clump; (adj) block. ANTONYM: (n) intellect.

hateful: (adj) disgusting, execrable, nasty, abominable, hideous, despicable, repulsive, distasteful, foul; (adj, v) odious, obnoxious. ANTONYMS: (adj) delightful, kind, nice, benign, desirable.

incertain: (adj) ambivalent,

changeable, diffident, doubtful, dubious, uncertain, unsure.

lawless: (adj) disorderly, illicit, anarchical, illegitimate, anarchic, unlawful, unruly, illegal, mutinous, wrongful, seditious. ANTONYM: (adj) orderly.

loathed: (adj) unpopular, hated, reviled, undesirable.

pendent: (adj) pendulous, suspended, pendant, dangling, pending, unsettled, undecided, pensile,

drooping, projecting; (n) stipend. penury: (n, v) need, destitution, lack,

want, deficiency; (n) poverty, distress, beggary, pauperism, dearth, scarcity. ANTONYMS: (n) wealth, affluence, luxury.

regions: (n) area, region, parts. shamed: (adj) dishonored, ashamed,

hangdog, guilty, discredited, abashed, sheepish, embarrassed, shamefaced, bullied, cowed.

viewless: (adj) invisible.


ISABELLA. O you beast! O faithless coward! O dishonest wretch! Wilt thou be made a man out of my vice? Is't not a kind of incest to take life From thine own sister's shame? What should I think? Heaven shield my mother play'd my father fair! For such a warped slip of wilderness Ne'er issued from his blood. Take my defiance: Die; perish! might but my bending down Reprieve thee from thy fate, it should proceed: I'll pray a thousand prayers for thy death,-- No word to save thee.%

CLAUDIO. Nay, hear me, Isabel.

ISABELLA. O fie, fie, fie! Thy sin's not accidental, but a trade: Mercy to thee would prove itself a bawd: 'Tis best that thou diest quickly. [Going.]

CLAUDIO. O, hear me, Isabella.

[Re-enter DUKE.] DUKE.

Vouchsafe a word, young sister, but one word. ISABELLA.

What is your will?

Thesaurus

bending: (n) bow, bend, deflection, deflexion, refraction, flexure, crook; (adj) flexible, supple, winding, pliant. ANTONYM: (adj) stiff.

coward: (n) cur, pantywaist, sneak, dastard, milksop, weakling, milquetoast; (adj) gutless, chickenhearted, pusillanimous, chicken-hearted. ANTONYMS: (n) daredevil, stalwart; (adj) brave.

dishonest: (adj) crooked, corrupt, crafty, underhand, fraudulent,

deceptive, wrong, disloyal, untruthful, unscrupulous, shifty. ANTONYMS: (adj) truthful, principled, sincere, sporting, aboveboard, straightforward, trustworthy, open, moral, fair, legal.

faithless: (adj) dishonest, false, traitorous, treacherous, unfaithful, deceitful, untrustworthy, untrue, truthless, mendacious, perfidious. ANTONYMS: (adj) loyal, steadfast, true, honest.

incest: (n) criminal congress, idolatry, adultery.

perish: (v) expire, pass away, decease, go, fade, decay, depart, fall, pass, ruin, annihilate. ANTONYMS: (v) survive, live, appear.

warped: (adj, n) twisted; (adj) deformed, crooked, perverted, misshapen, kinky, curved, distorted, wry, partisan, superficial. ANTONYMS: (adj) wholesome, impartial.


DUKE. Might you dispense with your leisure, I would by and by have some speech with you: the satisfaction I would require is likewise your own benefit.%

ISABELLA. I have no superfluous leisure; my stay must be stolen out of other affairs; but I will attend you awhile.

DUKE. [To CLAUDIO aside.] Son, I have overheard what hath passed between you and your sister. Angelo had never the purpose to corrupt her; only he hath made an assay of her virtue to practise his judgment with the disposition of natures; she, having the truth of honour in her, hath made him that gracious denial which he is most glad to receive: I am confessor to Angelo, and I know this to be true; therefore prepare yourself to death. Do not satisfy your resolution with hopes that are fallible: to-morrow you must die; go to your knees and make ready.

CLAUDIO. Let me ask my sister pardon. I am so out of love with life that I will sue to be rid of it.

DUKE. Hold you there. Farewell. [Exit CLAUDIO.] [Re-enter PROVOST.] Provost, a word with you.

PROVOST. What's your will, father?

DUKE. That, now you are come, you will be gone. Leave me a while with the maid; my mind promises with my habit no loss shall touch her by my company.

PROVOST. In good time.

Thesaurus

corrupt: (adj, v) adulterate, taint, infect, rotten, canker; (adj, n, v) contaminate, poison; (v) bribe, debase, defile; (adj) impure. ANTONYMS: (adj) moral, pure, principled, ethical, honorable, wholesome, virtuous, uncorrupt, truthful; (v) purify; (adj, v) clean.

dispense: (v) allot, deal, administer, assign, deal out, apportion, dole out, give, issue, diffuse, furnish. ANTONYMS: (v) prohibit, receive, withhold.

fallible: (adj) fallacious, unreliable, human, weak, untrustworthy, erring, errant, imperfect; (v) ticklish, precarious, slippery. ANTONYMS: (adj) infallible, reliable, strong, sure, unerring.

gracious: (adj) genial, benign, good, courteous, compassionate, kind, accommodating, civil; (adj, n) benevolent, congenial, gentle. ANTONYMS: (adj) ungracious, boorish, discourteous, reserved, rude,

abrupt, critical, unkind, hardhearted, harsh, poor.

practise: (v) execute, practice, perform, exercise, drill, do, rehearse, learn, take, work out, read.

superfluous: (adj, v) spare; (adj) needless, extra, excess, excessive, unnecessary, surplus, pointless, superabundant, supernumerary, supererogatory. ANTONYMS: (adj) indispensable, important, essential, basic, pertinent.


[Exit PROVOST.] DUKE.

The hand that hath made you fair hath made you good; the goodness that is cheap in beauty makes beauty brief in goodness; but grace, being the soul of your complexion, shall keep the body of it ever fair. The assault that Angelo hath made to you, fortune hath conveyed to my understanding; and, but that frailty hath examples for his falling, I should wonder at Angelo. How will you do to content this substitute, and to save your brother?

ISABELLA. I am now going to resolve him; I had rather my brother die by the law than my son should be unlawfully born. But, O, how much is the good duke deceived in Angelo! If ever he return, and I can speak to him, I will open my lips in vain, or discover his government.%

DUKE. That shall not be much amiss: yet, as the matter now stands, he will avoid your accusation; he made trial of you only.--Therefore fasten your ear on my advisings; to the love I have in doing good a remedy presents itself. I do make myself believe that you may most uprighteously do a poor wronged lady a merited benefit; redeem your brother from the angry law; do no stain to your own gracious person; and much please the absent duke, if peradventure he shall ever return to have hearing of this business.

ISABELLA. Let me hear you speak further; I have spirit to do anything that appears not foul in the truth of my spirit.

DUKE. Virtue is bold, and goodness never fearful. Have you not heard speak of Mariana, the sister of Frederick, the great soldier who miscarried at sea?

ISABELLA. I have heard of the lady, and good words went with her name.

Thesaurus

appears: (n) appearing. conveyed: (v) borne, sent. deceived: (adj) mistaken, misguided. fasten: (adj, v) attach, fix, affix; (v)

connect, bind, tie, tack, pin, stick, clasp, anchor. ANTONYMS: (v) detach, undo, unlock, loosen, release, open, disconnect, untie, separate, unscrew.

frailty: (adj, n) foible, fragility, weakness, fault, defect, imperfection, failing, deficiency; (n) feebleness,

frailness, infirmity. ANTONYMS: (n) stamina, hardiness, hardihood, sturdiness, robustness, health.

merited: (adj) deserved, just, suitable, rightful, right, due; (v) due to, richly deserved.

peradventure: (adv) perchance, perhaps, possibly, mayhap, by chance, haply, fortunately, gracefully, felicitously; (n) chance; (conj) if.

stain: (n, v) spot, blemish, tarnish, blot, dye, smear, disgrace, mark, soil, dirt,

defile. ANTONYMS: (v) enhance, dignify, clean.

unlawfully: (adv) illegitimately, illicitly, lawlessly, dishonestly, wrongfully, forbiddenly, criminally, irregularly, crookedly, improperly, immorally. ANTONYMS: (adv) fairly, legitimately, honestly, lawfully, rightly.

wronged: (adj) upset, hurt, indignant, offended.


DUKE. She should this Angelo have married; was affianced to her by oath, and the nuptial appointed: between which time of the contract and limit of the solemnity her brother Frederick was wrecked at sea, having in that perished vessel the dowry of his sister. But mark how heavily this befell to the poor gentlewoman: there she lost a noble and renowned brother, in his love toward her ever most kind and natural; with him the portion and sinew of her fortune, her marriage-dowry; with both, her combinate husband, this well-seeming Angelo.%

ISABELLA. Can this be so? Did Angelo so leave her?

DUKE. Left her in her tears, and dried not one of them with his comfort; swallowed his vows whole, pretending, in her, discoveries of dishonour; in few, bestow'd her on her own lamentation, which she yet wears for his sake; and he, a marble to her tears, is washed with them, but relents not.

ISABELLA. What a merit were it in death to take this poor maid from the world! What corruption in this life that it will let this man live!--But how out of this can she avail?

DUKE. It is a rupture that you may easily heal; and the cure of it not only saves your brother, but keeps you from dishonour in doing it.

ISABELLA. Show me how, good father.

DUKE. This forenamed maid hath yet in her the continuance of her first affection; his unjust unkindness, that in all reason should have quenched her love, hath, like an impediment in the current, made it more violent and unruly. Go you to Angelo; answer his requiring with a plausible obedience; agree with his

Thesaurus

affianced: (adj, v) betrothed; (adj) intended, busy, occupied, trothplight, pledged, contract, committed, attached; (v) bound; (n) fiance.

dishonour: (v) discredit, disgrace, attaint, shame, degrade, desecrate, violate, rape, outrage; (n) stigma, opprobrium.

impediment: (n, v) hindrance, check, difficulty, delay; (n) bar, hitch, barrier, obstruction, drawback, encumbrance, block. ANTONYMS:

(n) benefit, boost, incentive, strength.lamentation: (n) dirge, grief,

mourning, plaint, regret, complaint, cry, crying, wail, moan, condolence. ANTONYM: (n) celebration.

nuptial: (adj, n) bridal, marriage; (adj) marital, matrimonial, spousal, connubial, hymeneal, conjugal, wedding, married; (n) matrimony.

quenched: (adj) extinct, quelled, out, slaked, squelched, dead, kayoed, permanently inactive, prohibited,

proscribed, put out. sinew: (n) brawn, potency, power,

force, might, vigour, energy, strength, beef; (adj, n) muscle, nerve.

solemnity: (n) seriousness, sobriety, earnestness, formality, ceremony, impressiveness, austerity, sedateness, display, pomp, grandeur. ANTONYMS: (n) humor, levity, cheerfulness, understatement.

washed: (adj) wash, cleaner, colored, refined, wet, watery.


demands to the point: only refer yourself to this advantage,--first, that your stay with him may not be long; that the time may have all shadow and silence in it; and the place answer to convenience: this being granted in course, and now follows all. We shall advise this wronged maid to stead up your appointment, go in your place; if the encounter acknowledge itself hereafter, it may compel him to her recompense: and here, by this, is your brother saved, your honour untainted, the poor Mariana advantaged, and the corrupt deputy scaled. The maid will I frame and make fit for his attempt. If you think well to carry this as you may, the doubleness of the benefit defends the deceit from reproof. What think you of it?

ISABELLA. The image of it gives me content already; and I trust it will grow to a most prosperous perfection.%

DUKE. It lies much in your holding up. Haste you speedily to Angelo; if for this night he entreat you to his bed, give him promise of satisfaction. I will presently to Saint Luke's; there, at the moated grange, resides this dejected Mariana. At that place call upon me; and despatch with Angelo, that it may be quickly.

ISABELLA. I thank you for this comfort. Fare you well, good father.

[Exeunt severally.]

SCENE II. THE STREET BEFORE THE PRISON. [Enter DUKE, as a Friar; to him, ELBOW, CLOWN and Officers.] ELBOW.

Nay, if there be no remedy for it, but that you will needs buy and sell men

Thesaurus

advantaged: (adj) privileged, fortunate.

compel: (v) force, coerce, pressure, necessitate, enforce, command, oblige, require, make, obligate, press. ANTONYMS: (v) impede, deter, check, block, request, prevent.

dejected: (adj) sad, depressed, low, downhearted, gloomy, down, unhappy, spiritless, sorrowful, miserable, melancholy. ANTONYMS: (adj) elated, happy, euphoric, joyous,

encouraged, positive, enthusiastic, hopeful.

doubleness: (n) bad faith. hereafter: (adv) thereafter, from now

on, hence, henceforth, hereinafter, afterwards; (n) afterlife, futurity, time to come, great beyond, future life.

recompense: (n, v) pay, redress; (n) compensation, amends, atonement, payment, consideration, indemnification, indemnity; (v) compensate, reimburse.

ANTONYMS: (v) penalize, receive; (n) penalty.

reproof: (n, v) reprimand, censure, rebuke, lecture; (n) reproach, admonition, reprehension, blame, condemnation, objurgation, castigation.

untainted: (adj) unsullied, unstained, unspotted, innocent, unsoiled, unblemished, untarnished, stainless; (n) unmarred, unscathed, uninjured. ANTONYMS: (adj) tainted, impure.


and women like beasts, we shall have all the world drink brown and white bastard.%

DUKE. O heavens! what stuff is here?

CLOWN. 'Twas never merry world since, of two usuries, the merriest was put down, and the worser allowed by order of law a furred gown to keep him warm; and furred with fox on lamb-skins too, to signify that craft, being richer than innocency, stands for the facing.

ELBOW. Come your way, sir.--Bless you, good father friar.

DUKE. And you, good brother father. What offence hath this man made you, sir?

ELBOW. Marry, sir, he hath offended the law; and, sir, we take him to be a thief too, sir; for we have found upon him, sir, a strange picklock, which we have sent to the deputy.

DUKE. Fie, sirrah, a bawd, a wicked bawd; The evil that thou causest to be done, That is thy means to live. Do thou but think What 'tis to cram a maw or clothe a back From such a filthy vice: say to thyself-- From their abominable and beastly touches I drink, I eat, array myself, and live. Canst thou believe thy living is a life, So stinkingly depending? Go mend, go mend.

CLOWN. Indeed, it does stink in some sort, sir; but yet, sir, I would prove--

Thesaurus

abominable: (adj, v) odious, foul; (adj) abhorrent, detestable, dreadful, awful, execrable, terrible, loathsome, cursed, wicked. ANTONYMS: (adj) nice, lovable, admirable, alluring, appealing, commendable, laudable, delightful, desirable, enjoyable, likable.

beastly: (adj) animal, disgusting, horrid, bestial, brute; (adj, v) nasty, abominable, offensive; (adv) ugly, brutally, brutely. ANTONYMS: (adv)

civilized, cultured, kind, good, refined, humane, inoffensive; (adj) lovely, pleasant.

beasts: (n) stock. clothe: (v) dress, cover, garb, apparel,

clad, vest, arrange, deck, invest, wrap; (n, v) attire. ANTONYMS: (v) reveal, strip, uncover.

cram: (v) pack, ram, jam, fill, chock up, compress, shove, load, ingurgitate, overeat, compact. ANTONYMS: (v) deplete, unpack, disperse.

furred: (adj) hairy, hirsute, fur lined, wooly, fuzzy.

innocency: (n) innocence. picklock: (n) cracksman, pick, robber,

thief, choice. stink: (adj, n, v) stench; (n, v) smell,

odor; (n) malodour, fetor, malodor, niff, odour, foetor; (v) fume, Pong.

stinkingly: (adv) stinking, loathsomely, odorously, disgustingly, rottenly, stinkily, putridly, fetidly, foully, sickeningly, nastily.


DUKE. Nay, if the devil have given thee proofs for sin, Thou wilt prove his. Take him to prison, officer; Correction and instruction must both work Ere this rude beast will profit.%

ELBOW. He must before the deputy, sir; he has given him warning: The deputy cannot abide a whoremaster: if he be a whoremaster, and comes before him, he were as good go a mile on his errand.

DUKE. That we were all, as some would seem to be, Free from our faults, as faults from seeming free!

ELBOW. His neck will come to your waist, a cord, sir.

CLOWN. I spy comfort; I cry bail! Here's a gentleman, and a friend of mine.

[Enter LUCIO.] LUCIO.

How now, noble Pompey? What, at the wheels of Caesar! Art thou led in triumph? What, is there none of Pygmalion's images, newly made woman, to be had now, for putting the hand in the pocket and extracting it clutched? What reply, ha? What say'st thou to this tune, matter, and method? Is't not drowned i' the last rain, ha? What say'st thou to't? Is the world as it was, man? Which is the way? Is it sad, and few words? or how? The trick of it?

DUKE. Still thus, and thus! still worse!

LUCIO. How doth my dear morsel, thy mistress? Procures she still, ha?

CLOWN. Troth, sir, she hath eaten up all her beef, and she is herself in the tub.

Thesaurus

abide: (v) endure, bide, undergo, tolerate, take, suffer, stomach, bear, brook; (adj, v) stay, dwell. ANTONYMS: (v) check, depart, disallow, disapprove, disbelieve, journey, dodge, leave, migrate, move, pass.

beast: (n) animal, monster, swine, fiend, creature, scavenger, savage, critter, animate being, barbarian; (adj) bear. ANTONYM: (n) man.

clutched: (adj) tense, worried, anxious,

neurotic. cord: (n) band, bond, tie, twine, tape,

whipcord, thread, yarn, lace, rope, leash.

drowned: (adj) prostrate, sunken; (v) drenched, drent.

errand: (n) chore, mission, job, task, assignment, embassy, duty, charge, messenger, communication, work.

morsel: (n, v) bite, mouthful; (n) crumb, chew, particle, fragment, taste, piece, nibble; (adj, v) gobbet,

mite. wheels: (n) vehicle, truck, car, brush,

force. whoremaster: (n) John, lecher, Ponce,

privy, procurer, Saint John, Saint John the Apostle, St John, toilet, pimp, St John the apostle.

wilt: (v) flag, shrivel, sag, weaken, fade, languish, dry, wither, collapse, tire; (n) wilting. ANTONYMS: (v) flourish, rise, rally.


LUCIO. Why, 'tis good: it is the right of it: it must be so: ever your fresh whore and your powdered bawd--an unshunned consequence; it must be so. Art going to prison, Pompey?

CLOWN. Yes, faith, sir.%

LUCIO. Why, 'tis not amiss, Pompey. Farewell; go, say I sent thee thither. For debt, Pompey? or how?

ELBOW. For being a bawd, for being a bawd.

LUCIO. Well, then, imprison him: if imprisonment be the due of a bawd, why, 'tis his right: bawd is he doubtless, and of antiquity, too: bawd-born. Farewell, good Pompey. Commend me to the prison, Pompey. You will turn good husband now, Pompey; you will keep the house.

CLOWN. I hope, sir, your good worship will be my bail.

LUCIO. No, indeed, will I not, Pompey; it is not the wear. I will pray, Pompey, to increase your bondage: if you take it not patiently, why, your mettle is the more. Adieu, trusty Pompey.--Bless you, friar.

DUKE. And you.

LUCIO. Does Bridget paint still, Pompey, ha?

ELBOW. Come your ways, sir; come.

Thesaurus

bail: (n) pledge, surety, security, handle, guarantee, bond, ballium, assurance, undertaking; (v) deliver, consign.

bondage: (n) thrall, thraldom, thralldom, slavery, captivity, enslavement, duress, restraint, yoke, vassalage; (adj, n) villenage. ANTONYMS: (n) independence, emancipation, freedom.

imprison: (v) cage, incarcerate, jail, immure, commit, prison, restrain,

gaol, detain, lock up, shut. ANTONYMS: (v) release, free, liberate.

mettle: (n) heart, courage, spunk, fortitude, guts, character, spirit, bravery, valor, boldness; (adj, n) pluck.

powdered: (adj) powdery, fine, crushed, milled, ground, broken up, finer, minced, pulverised; (n) punctated, milk.

thither: (adv) hither, whither, on that

point, in that respect, at that place, in that location; (adj) further, ulterior, remoter, succeeding, more distant.

trusty: (adj) trustworthy, honest, faithful, dependable, responsible, constant, loyal, true, authentic, solid, sure. ANTONYMS: (adj) untrustworthy, inconstant, corrupt, disloyal.

whore: (n) harlot, trollop, courtesan, tart, strumpet, hooker, streetwalker, cocotte, bawd, slattern, verticil.


CLOWN. You will not bail me then, sir?

LUCIO. Then, Pompey, nor now.--What news abroad, friar? what news?

ELBOW. Come your ways, sir; come.%

LUCIO. Go,--to kennel, Pompey, go: [Exeunt ELBOW, CLOWN, and OFFICERS.] What news, friar, of the duke?

DUKE. I know none. Can you tell me of any?

LUCIO. Some say he is with the Emperor of Russia; other some, he is in Rome: but where is he, think you?

DUKE. I know not where; but wheresoever, I wish him well.

LUCIO. It was a mad fantastical trick of him to steal from the state and usurp the beggary he was never born to. Lord Angelo dukes it well in his absence; he puts transgression to't.

DUKE. He does well in't.

LUCIO. A little more lenity to lechery would do no harm in him: something too crabbed that way, friar.

DUKE. It is too general a vice, and severity must cure it.

Thesaurus

beggary: (n) poverty, want, begging, penury, pauperism, need, indigence, solicitation, misery, squalor, destitution.

crabbed: (adj) abstruse, sour, grumpy, morose, crusty, surly, churlish, moody, irritable, huffy; (adj, n) austere.

duke: (n) lord, prince, hand, nobleman, fist, chief; (v) pass, box, deliver.

fantastical: (adj, v) fanciful; (adj) antic,

chimerical, unusual, beautiful, unreal, strange, grotesque, odd, extraordinary; (v) fancy.

kennel: (n) doghouse, ditch, gully, fosse, dike, drain, culvert, sewer, gutter, hutch, trough.

lenity: (n) clemency, lenience, grace, indulgence, compassion, forbearance, gentleness, mildness, tolerance, mercy, moderation.

puts: (n) stocks, securities, preferred stock, common stock, bonds.

transgression: (n) fault, crime, misdeed, error, infraction, offense, violation, misconduct, breach, trespass, infringement. ANTONYMS: (n) piety, obedience.

usurp: (v) arrogate, seize, appropriate, take over, commandeer, capture, borrow, confiscate, take, grab; (adj) violate. ANTONYMS: (v) surrender, relinquish.

wheresoever: (adv) wherever, whithersoever, whereso, wheresoe'er.


LUCIO. Yes, in good sooth, the vice is of a great kindred; it is well allied: but it is impossible to extirp it quite, friar, till eating and drinking be put down. They say this Angelo was not made by man and woman after this downright way of creation: is it true, think you?

DUKE. How should he be made, then?

LUCIO. Some report a sea-maid spawned him; some, that he was begot between two stock-fishes.--But it is certain that when he makes water, his urine is congealed ice; that I know to be true. And he is a motion ungenerative; that's infallible.%

DUKE. You are pleasant, sir, and speak apace.

LUCIO. Why, what a ruthless thing is this in him, for the rebellion of a codpiece to take away the life of a man! Would the duke that is absent have done this? Ere he would have hanged a man for the getting a hundred bastards, he would have paid for the nursing a thousand. He had some feeling of the sport; he knew the service, and that instructed him to mercy.

DUKE. I never heard the absent duke much detected for women; he was not inclined that way.

LUCIO. O, sir, you are deceived.

DUKE. 'Tis not possible.

LUCIO. Who, not the duke? yes, your beggar of fifty;--and his use was to put a ducat

Thesaurus

apace: (adj, adv) speedily, quickly; (adv) fast, rapidly, hastily, soon, promptly; (adj) forthwith, immediately, incontinently, shortly. ANTONYM: (adv) slowly.

beggar: (n) mendicant, mumper, pauper, tramp, sponger, joker, poor man, cadger, bloke; (v) beg, pauperize. ANTONYM: (n) giver.

begot: (v) beget. congealed: (adj) firm, solidify, frozen,

jelled, jellied, stiff, thick, concrete.

detected: (adj) apparent, convicted, detect.

downright: (adj, n) absolute; (adj, v) sheer, clear; (adj) dead, blunt, candid, plain; (adv) absolutely, thoroughly, wholly, decidedly. ANTONYMS: (adj) semi, limited, incomplete, questionable, slight; (adv) hardly.

kindred: (adj) cognate, akin, similar, allied, related; (n) kin, consanguinity, relation, folk, folks, kin group.

knew: (adj) known; (v) recognize, wist.

ruthless: (adj) merciless, inhuman, remorseless, heartless, cruel, ferocious, unsparing, relentless, inexorable, harsh, grim. ANTONYMS: (adj) kind, charitable, gentle, compassionate, principled, unmotivated, tolerant.

sooth: (n) verity, soothsaying, fact, truth, reality.

urine: (n) piss, pee, water, piddle, weewee, pissing, lanterloo, excreta, excretion; (v) urinate, Sig.


in her clack-dish: the duke had crotchets in him. He would be drunk too: that let me inform you.%

DUKE. You do him wrong, surely.

LUCIO. Sir, I was an inward of his. A shy fellow was the duke: and I believe I know the cause of his withdrawing.

DUKE. What, I pr'ythee, might be the cause?

LUCIO. No,--pardon;--'tis a secret must be locked within the teeth and the lips: but this I can let you understand,--the greater file of the subject held the duke to be wise.

DUKE. Wise? why, no question but he was.

LUCIO. A very superficial, ignorant, unweighing fellow.

DUKE. Either this is envy in you, folly, or mistaking; the very stream of his life, and the business he hath helmed, must, upon a warranted need, give him a better proclamation. Let him be but testimonied in his own bringings forth, and he shall appear to the envious a scholar, a statesman, and a soldier. Therefore you speak unskilfully; or, if your knowledge be more, it is much darkened in your malice.

LUCIO. Sir, I know him, and I love him.

DUKE. Love talks with better knowledge, and knowledge with dearer love.

Thesaurus

darkened: (adj) darkens, obscured, old, obfuscate, murky, cloudy, opaque, overcast.

envious: (adj) covetous, invidious, jaundiced, malicious, begrudge, greedy, resentful, grudging, green, begrudging, enviable. ANTONYMS: (adj) fulfilled, satisfied, undesirous, contented.

malice: (n) spite, animosity, enmity, venom, ill will, hatred, malevolence, cruelty, envy, hate, spleen.

ANTONYMS: (n) goodwill, benevolence, affection, goodness.

mistaking: (n) misunderstanding, mistake, imbroglio, misinterpretation, misconstruction, misapprehension, misconstrual, interpretation, misreading; (adj) mistaken, misleading.

scholar: (n) learner, academic, student, pundit, apprentice, intellectual, brain, exhibitioner, academician, professor, disciple. ANTONYM: (n) teacher.

statesman: (n) politician, diplomat, politico, Cicero, bacon, solon, national leader, strategist, minister, schemer, Julian.

warranted: (adj) legitimate, secured, bonded, legal, locked, mistaken, necessary; (v) privileged, sanctioned, allowed; (n) securer.

withdrawing: (adj) receding, outgoing, retiring, moving back, modest, lowly; (n) departure, privacy, seclusion, cancellation.


LUCIO. Come, sir, I know what I know.%

DUKE. I can hardly believe that, since you know not what you speak. But, if ever the duke return,--as our prayers are he may,-- let me desire you to make your answer before him. If it be honest you have spoke, you have courage to maintain it: I am bound to call upon you; and, I pray you, your name?

LUCIO. Sir, my name is Lucio; well known to the duke.

DUKE. He shall know you better, sir, if I may live to report you.

LUCIO. I fear you not.

DUKE. O, you hope the duke will return no more; or you imagine me too unhurtful an opposite. But, indeed, I can do you little harm: you'll forswear this again.

LUCIO. I'll be hanged first! thou art deceived in me, friar. But no more of this. Canst thou tell if Claudio die to-morrow or no?

DUKE. Why should he die, sir?

LUCIO. Why? for filling a bottle with a tun-dish. I would the duke we talk of were returned again: this ungenitured agent will unpeople the province with continency; sparrows must not build in his house-eaves because they are lecherous. The duke yet would have dark deeds darkly answered; he would never bring them to light: would he were returned! Marry, this Claudio is condemned for untrussing. Farewell, good friar; I pr'ythee pray for me. The duke, I say to thee again, would eat mutton on Fridays. He's not past it; yet, and, I say to thee, he would mouth with a beggar though she smelt brown

Thesaurus

condemned: (adj) censured, convicted, doomed, destined, appropriated, taken, taken over, fated, seized, predestined; (adj, v) guilty.

darkly: (adv) murkily, dimly, obscurely, duskily, somberly, shadily, mistily, secretly, dismally, heavily, overcastly. ANTONYM: (adv) openly.

deeds: (n) works, activity, actions, conduct, background, events, happenings, performance, activities.

filling: (n) filler, weft, contents, loading, plug, packing, pad, replenishment, padding, impletion, stuffing. ANTONYMS: (adj) light, insufficient.

forswear: (v) abjure, renounce, disavow, disclaim, recant, perjure, retract, disown, give up, relinquish, discountenance.

lecherous: (adj) lewd, carnal, erotic, libidinous, lustful, sensual, rakish, licentious; (adj, v) wanton, dissolute;

(n) salacious. ANTONYM: (adj) pure. mutton: (n) lamb, em, mouton, mut,

sheep, pork, red meat, white meat, beef, area unit; (v) pilot bread.

smelt: (v) fuse, temper, anneal, to smelt, distill, refine, heat; (n) sparling, capelan, caplin, capelin.

sparrows: (n) sparrow, finches, order Passeriformes, Passeriformes, robins, rooks, etc.

unpeople: (v) depopulate.


bread and garlic. Say that I said so.--Farewell. [Exit.]

DUKE. No might nor greatness in mortality Can censure 'scape; back-wounding calumny The whitest virtue strikes. What king so strong Can tie the gall up in the slanderous tongue? But who comes here?

[Enter ESCALUS, PROVOST, BAWD, and OFFICERS.] ESCALUS.

Go, away with her to prison.%

BAWD. Good my lord, be good to me; your honour is accounted a merciful man; good my lord.

ESCALUS. Double and treble admonition, and still forfeit in the same kind? This would make mercy swear and play the tyrant.

PROVOST. A bawd of eleven years' continuance, may it please your honour.

BAWD. My lord, this is one Lucio's information against me: Mistress Kate Keepdown was with child by him in the duke's time; he promised her marriage: his child is a year and a quarter old come Philip and Jacob; I have kept it myself; and see how he goes about to abuse me.

ESCALUS. That fellow is a fellow of much license:--let him be called before us.--Away with her to prison. Go to; no more words. [Exeunt BAWD and Officers.] Provost, my brother Angelo will not be altered, Claudio must die to-morrow: let him be furnished with divines, and have all charitable preparation: if my brother wrought by my pity it should not be so with him.

Thesaurus

admonition: (n) advice, caution, admonishment, reproof, exhortation, lesson, counsel, monition, caveat, censure, rebuke. ANTONYM: (n) approval.

bread: (n) livelihood, bun, maintenance, cash, currency, loot, dough, pelf, food, sustenance, kale.

continuance: (n) duration, abidance, existence, endurance, protraction, adjournment, resumption, prolongation, time, standing,

perseverance. ANTONYMS: (n) discontinuation, destruction.

merciful: (adj) humane, gracious, lenient, compassionate, kind, clement, benign, kindly, gentle, beneficent, forgiving. ANTONYMS: (adj) pitiless, merciless, unforgiving, spiteful, harsh, impatient, severe, hardhearted.

slanderous: (adj) defamatory, libelous, scandalous, calumniatory, calumnious, abusive, injurious,

derogatory, libellous, denigrative, insulting. ANTONYM: (adj) complimentary.

treble: (adj) threefold, ternary, triplex, thribble, double, dual, high, voce di testa, shrill; (adj, v) triple; (v) sing.

tyrant: (n) dictator, oppressor, autocrat, disciplinarian, bully, authoritarian, sovereign, czar, monarch, suzerain, stickler.

wrought: (adj) shaped, done, worked, worked up, formed.


PROVOST. So please you, this friar hath been with him, and advised him for the entertainment of death.%

ESCALUS. Good even, good father.

DUKE. Bliss and goodness on you!

ESCALUS. Of whence are you?

DUKE. Not of this country, though my chance is now To use it for my time: I am a brother Of gracious order, late come from the see In special business from his holiness.

ESCALUS. What news abroad i' the world?

DUKE. None, but that there is so great a fever on goodness, that the dissolution of it must cure it: novelty is only in request; and as it is as dangerous to be aged in any kind of course as it is virtuous to be constant in any undertaking. There is scarce truth enough alive to make societies secure; but security enough to make fellowships accurst: much upon this riddle runs the wisdom of the world. This news is old enough, yet it is every day's news. I pray you, sir, of what disposition was the duke?

ESCALUS. One that, above all other strifes, contended especially to know himself.

DUKE. What pleasure was he given to?

ESCALUS. Rather rejoicing to see another merry, than merry at anything which

Thesaurus

accurst: (adj) cursed, execrable, maledict, curst.

contended: (adj) controversial. disposition: (n) attitude, character,

disposal, tendency, predisposition, inclination, propensity, bias, arrangement, direction, aptitude.

fever: (n) malaria, delirium, pyrexia, heat, frenzy, feverishness, febricity, Bilious typhoid fever, Levant fever, Hectic infantile fever, Typhoid fever.

holiness: (n) sanctity, godliness, piety,

religion, righteousness, goodness, devotion, divinity, faithfulness, halidom; (adj, n) religiousness. ANTONYMS: (n) wickedness, unholiness.

merry: (adj) joyful, lively, cheerful, glad, jolly, facetious, frolicsome, lighthearted, festive; (adj, n) convivial, jovial. ANTONYMS: (adj) gloomy, miserable, serious, uptight.

novelty: (adj) news; (n) freshness, mutation, newness, trinket, curiosity,

originality, oddity, bauble; (n, v) change, difference.

rejoicing: (n) exultation, jubilation, happiness, joy, mirth, pleasure, elation; (adj) jubilant, exultant; (v) rejoice; (adv) rejoicingly. ANTONYM: (n) sadness.

riddle: (n) mystery, conundrum, puzzle, problem, poser; (n, v) screen, sieve; (v) puncture, strain, filter, sift. ANTONYM: (n) explanation.

societies: (n) society, community.


professed to make him rejoice: a gentleman of all temperance. But leave we him to his events, with a prayer they may prove prosperous; and let me desire to know how you find Claudio prepared. I am made to understand that you have lent him visitation.%

DUKE. He professes to have received no sinister measure from his judge, but most willingly humbles himself to the determination of justice: yet had he framed to himself, by the instruction of his frailty, many deceiving promises of life; which I, by my good leisure, have discredited to him, and now he is resolved to die.

ESCALUS. You have paid the heavens your function, and the prisoner the very debt of your calling. I have laboured for the poor gentleman to the extremest shore of my modesty; but my brother justice have I found so severe that he hath forced me to tell him he is indeed --justice.

DUKE. If his own life answer the straitness of his proceeding, it shall become him well: wherein if he chance to fail, he hath sentenced himself.

ESCALUS. I am going to visit the prisoner. Fare you well.

DUKE. Peace be with you! [Exeunt ESCALUS and PROVOST.] He who the sword of heaven will bear Should be as holy as severe; Pattern in himself to know, Grace to stand, and virtue go; More nor less to others paying Than by self-offences weighing. Shame to him whose cruel striking

Thesaurus

deceiving: (adj) deceptive, deceitful, cheating, fallacious, dishonest, lying, treacherous, imposing, delusive, sanctimonious, mistaken. ANTONYM: (adj) correct.

discredited: (adj) damaged, dishonored, disreputable, besmirched, shamed, ashamed.

laboured: (adj) labored, forced, arduous, hard, strained, difficult, laborious, grievous, grave, weighty, unnatural.

lent: (n) Quadragesima, Lententide. proceeding: (n) matter, transaction,

affair, procedure, lawsuit, proceedings; (v) deed, act; (n, v) measure; (adv, n) happening; (adj, adv, v) going on.

professed: (adj) alleged, declared, apparent, avowed, pretended, seeming, supposed, affected, feigned, so-called, purported.

rejoice: (v) cheer, gladden, triumph, revel, jubilate, gratify, gloat, please;

(n, v) delight, glory, joy. ANTONYMS: (v) lament, mourn, complain.

sentenced: (adj) doomed, guilty. temperance: (n) moderation,

abstinence, abstemiousness, control, restraint, moderateness, soberness, forbearance, measure, gravity, asceticism. ANTONYMS: (n) intemperance, wildness.

wherein: (adv) in what, in which, where.


Kills %for faults of his own liking! Twice treble shame on Angelo, To weed my vice and let his grow! O, what may man within him hide, Though angel on the outward side! How may likeness, made in crimes, Make a practice on the times, To draw with idle spiders' strings Most pond'rous and substantial things! Craft against vice I must apply; With Angelo to-night shall lie His old betrothed but despis'd; So disguise shall, by the disguis'd, Pay with falsehood false exacting, And perform an old contracting. [Exit.]

Thesaurus

falsehood: (n) fable, fabrication, deception, untruth, lie, fib, fiction, invention, dishonesty; (adj, n) deceit, falsity. ANTONYMS: (n) fact, honesty, reality.

idle: (adj) lazy, indolent, inactive, free, unfounded, fruitless, baseless, groundless, frivolous, empty, disengaged. ANTONYMS: (adj) active, employed, industrious, energetic, meaningful, productive, worthwhile, diligent; (v) change, run,

work. likeness: (n) resemblance, copy, effigy,

image, affinity, similarity, correspondence, facsimile; (adj, n) figure, form, semblance. ANTONYMS: (n) difference, diversity, dissimilarity, unlikeness, contrast.

outward: (adj) external, apparent, extrinsic, outer, superficial, surface, outside, ostensible, foreign, outdoor; (adv) out. ANTONYMS: (adj, adv)

inward; (adj) inner, internal, deep. perform: (v) execute, fulfill,

accomplish, do, achieve, complete, carry out, behave, make, play, appear. ANTONYMS: (v) omit, rehearse, malfunction, stop.

spiders: (n) horseshoe crabs, Araneida, order Araneae, order Araneida, scorpions, Araneae.

weed: (n) grass, marijuana, pot, plant, fireweed, smoke, ganja; (v) eliminate, hoe, plow; (adj) pick.


ACT IV

SCENE I. A ROOM IN MARIANA'S HOUSE.%

[MARIANA discovered sitting; a BOY singing.] BOY.

Take, O, take those lips away, That so sweetly were forsworn; And those eyes, the break of day, Lights that do mislead the morn: But my kisses bring again bring again; Seals of love, but seal'd in vain, sealed in vain.

MARIANA. Break off thy song, and haste thee quick away; Here comes a man of comfort, whose advice Hath often still'd my brawling discontent.-- [Exit BOY.] [Enter DUKE.] I cry you mercy, sir; and well could wish You had not found me here so musical:

Thesaurus

brawling: (adj) quarrelsome, blatant, noisy, boisterous, active, belligerent, bawling, disorderly, pugnacious; (n) affray.

discovered: (adj) revealed, disclosed, exposed, naked, detected, determined, observed, open, unconcealed, bare. ANTONYM: (adj) concealed.

eyes: (n) sight, eye, vision, view, baby blues, guard, propensity, eyen.

lips: (n) lip, inlet, logical inference per

second, chops, porch, portal, portico, propylon, snout, door, orifice.

mislead: (v) betray, deceive, cheat, beguile, misinform, fool, con, lie, lead astray, hoodwink, trick.

quick: (adj) bright, hasty, agile, nimble, intelligent, clever, speedy, active, immediate, instant; (adj, v) prompt. ANTONYMS: (adj) leisurely, dull, dim, thick, unintelligent, thorough, inept, unobservant, lengthy, long, permanent.

sealed: (adj) hermetic, tight, certain, plastered, Solen, shut, impervious, irrevocable, tighter, still, preserved.

song: (adj, v) lay; (n, v) ditty, chant; (n) air, strain, cry, warble, canto, poem; (v) sing; (adj) ballad.

sweetly: (adv) pleasantly, sweet, mildly, melodically, melodiously, softly, syrupily, beautifully, pleasingly, dulcetly, fairly. ANTONYMS: (adv) discordantly, horribly, sharply, harshly, unkindly.


Let me excuse me, and believe me so, My mirth it much displeas'd, but pleas'd my woe.%

DUKE. 'Tis good: though music oft hath such a charm To make bad good and good provoke to harm. I pray you ,tell me hath anybody inquired for me here to-day? much upon this time have I promised here to meet.

MARIANA. You have not been inquired after: I have sat here all day.

[Enter ISABELLA.] DUKE.

I do constantly believe you.--The time is come even now. I shall crave your forbearance a little: may be I will call upon you anon, for some advantage to yourself.

MARIANA. I am always bound to you. [Exit.]

DUKE. Very well met, and welcome. What is the news from this good deputy?

ISABELLA. He hath a garden circummur'd with brick, Whose western side is with a vineyard back'd; And to that vineyard is a planched gate That makes his opening with this bigger key: This other doth command a little door Which from the vineyard to the garden leads; There have I made my promise to call on him Upon the heavy middle of the night.

Thesaurus

anon: (adv) directly, immediately, early, readily, soon, instantly, again, forthwith, promptly, shortly, rath.

constantly: (adv) continually, firmly, incessantly, eternally, steadily, endlessly, unremittingly, ceaselessly, steadfastly; (adj, adv) always, forever. ANTONYMS: (adv) inconsistently, intermittently, acutely, erratically, infrequently.

excuse: (n, v) pardon, palliate; (v) absolve, exculpate, condone, acquit,

justify, forgive; (n) alibi, pretext, evasion. ANTONYMS: (v) blame, accuse, chide, discipline, include, reprimand, castigate; (n) accusation.

forbearance: (n) patience, clemency, pardon, abstention, abstinence, mercy, longanimity, avoidance, postponement, indulgence, restraint. ANTONYMS: (n) impatience, intolerance.

mirth: (adj, n) merriment, jollity; (n) amusement, happiness, delight, joy,

hilarity, cheerfulness, festivity, gladness, exhilaration. ANTONYMS: (n) gloom, sadness, misery.

provoke: (n, v) excite; (v) defy, offend, enrage, anger, irritate, arouse, kindle, inflame, invite, get. ANTONYMS: (v) please, soothe, mollify, deter, inhibit, dampen, arbitrate, allay, defuse, discourage, douse.

vineyard: (n) vinery, grapery, field, farm.


DUKE. But shall you on your knowledge find this way?

ISABELLA. I have ta'en a due and wary note upon't; With whispering and most guilty diligence, In action all of precept, he did show me The way twice o'er.%

DUKE. Are there no other tokens Between you 'greed concerning her observance?

ISABELLA. No, none, but only a repair i' the dark; And that I have possess'd him my most stay Can be but brief: for I have made him know I have a servant comes with me along, That stays upon me; whose persuasion is I come about my brother.

DUKE. 'Tis well borne up. I have not yet made known to Mariana A word of this.--What ho, within! come forth. [Re-enter MARIANA.] I pray you be acquainted with this maid; She comes to do you good.

ISABELLA. I do desire the like.

DUKE. Do you persuade yourself that I respect you?

MARIANA. Good friar, I know you do, and have found it.

Thesaurus

borne: (adj) weak, wanting, spoony, soft, sappy, shallow, little, limited.

observance: (n) ceremony, commemoration, observation, rite, fulfillment, obedience, manner, compliance, discharge, conformity, custom. ANTONYMS: (n) breaking, disobedience, disregard, nonobservance, inattention, omission.

persuasion: (n) belief, opinion, faith, inducement, creed, idea, exhortation,

enticement, view, sentiment; (adj, n) conviction. ANTONYMS: (n) force, punishment, dissuasion.

precept: (n) canon, decree, command, mandate, charge, lesson, injunction, law, commandment, principle; (adj, n) rule.

stays: (n) bodice, stay, girdle, panty girdle, stayed, staying, foundation, corselette, sash, slip, corselet.

twice: (adv) doubly, bis, two times, in two ways, once more; (adj) twenty.

wary: (adj) cautious, vigilant, careful, guarded, circumspect, suspicious, shy, alert, chary, attentive, leery. ANTONYMS: (adj) unwary, careless, trusting, reckless, heedless, foolish, unsuspecting, thoughtless, oblivious, forgetful, eager.

whispering: (n) whisper, murmur, susurration, rustle, report, stage whisper; (adj, n) rustling; (adj) susurrant, tranquil, hoarse, susurrous.


DUKE. Take, then, this your companion by the hand, Who hath a story ready for your ear: I shall attend your leisure; but make haste; The vaporous night approaches.%

MARIANA. Will't please you walk aside?

[Exeunt MARIANA and ISABELLA.] DUKE.

O place and greatness, millions of false eyes Are stuck upon thee! volumes of report Run with these false, and most contrarious quest Upon thy doings! Thousand 'scapes of wit Make thee the father of their idle dream, And rack thee in their fancies!--Welcome! how agreed?

[Re-enter MARIANA and ISABELLA.] ISABELLA.

She'll take the enterprise upon her, father, If you advise it.

DUKE. It is not my consent, But my entreaty too.

ISABELLA. Little have you to say, When you depart from him, but, soft and low, 'Remember now my brother.'

MARIANA. Fear me not.

DUKE. Nor, gentle daughter, fear you not at all;

Thesaurus

companion: (adj, n) associate; (n) colleague, buddy, mate, peer, chum, partner, fellow, comrade, assistant, brother. ANTONYMS: (n) foe, stranger, adversary.

contrarious: (adj) contrariant, stubborn.

depart: (v) go, deviate, decease, diverge, start, stray, wander, leave, die, vary, part. ANTONYMS: (v) stay, arrive, enter, come, abide, conform, continue, remain, appear, converge,

return. doings: (n) conduct, behavior,

behaviour, deportment, demeanour, proceeding, episode, traffic; (v) act, deed, job.

entreaty: (n) plea, prayer, request, petition, adjuration, supplication, suit, demand, desire, invocation; (v) solicitation.

greatness: (n) excellence, dimension, dignity, bulk, size, enormousness, bigness, enormity, grandness,

magnitude, fame. ANTONYMS: (n) obscurity, austerity, commonness, mildness, moderation, simplicity.

rack: (n, v) torment, wrack, Scud; (n) manger, grid, cage, bracket, stand; (v) excruciate, afflict, agonize.

vaporous: (adj) hazy, foggy, vaporific, ethereal, cloudy, vaporish, steamy, airy, unsubstantial, evaporable, cobwebby.


He is your husband on a pre-contract: To bring you thus together 'tis no sin, Sith that the justice of your title to him Doth flourish the deceit. Come, let us go; Our corn's to reap, for yet our tithe's to sow.%

[Exeunt.]

SCENE II. A ROOM IN THE PRISON. [Enter PROVOST and CLOWN.] PROVOST.

Come hither, sirrah. Can you cut off a man's head? CLOWN.

If the man be a bachelor, sir, I can: but if he be a married man, he's his wife's head, and I can never cut off a woman's head.

PROVOST. Come, sir, leave me your snatches and yield me a direct answer. To-morrow morning are to die Claudio and Barnardine. Here is in our prison a common executioner, who in his office lacks a helper; if you will take it on you to assist him, it shall redeem you from your gyves; if not, you shall have your full time of imprisonment, and your deliverance with an unpitied whipping; for you have been a notorious bawd.

CLOWN. Sir, I have been an unlawful bawd time out of mind; but yet I will be content to be a lawful hangman. I would be glad to receive some instruction from my fellow-partner.

PROVOST. What ho, Abhorson! Where's Abhorson, there?

Thesaurus

deceit: (n) guile, artifice, deception, falsehood, ruse, pretense, fraud, trickery; (adj, n) cunning, craft, art. ANTONYMS: (n) sincerity, truthfulness, fairness, frankness, loyalty, straightforwardness, uprightness, truth.

deliverance: (n) salvation, rescue, release, freedom, escape, emancipation, delivery, relief, liberation, liberty, salvage. ANTONYMS: (n) downfall,

suppression. executioner: (n) killer, murderer,

hangman, headsman, electrocutioner, executor, tormentor, executer, public executioner, slaughterer, slayer.

hangman: (n) executioner, headsman, hanger, tormentor, tiger, boggle, crossword puzzle, scrabble, wild beast, hyena.

helper: (n, v) assistant, aid, assistance; (n) acolyte, attendant, ally, associate, supporter, colleague, auxiliary,

coadjutor. ANTONYMS: (n) detractor, enemy.

reap: (v) harvest, gain, glean, gather, obtain, cut, receive, earn, acquire; (adj, v) mow; (adj) clip. ANTONYMS: (v) lose, scatter.

snatches: (n) grasp, gain, catch. unpitied: (v) unlamented, unbewailed. whipping: (n) flagellation, beating,

thrashing, licking, lashing, flogging, overcasting, debacle, slaughter, overlocking; (adj) snappy.


[Enter ABHORSON.] ABHORSON.

Do you call, sir? PROVOST.

Sirrah, here's a fellow will help you to-morrow in your execution. If you think it meet, compound with him by the year, and let him abide here with you; if not, use him for the present, and dismiss him. He cannot plead his estimation with you; he hath been a bawd.%

ABHORSON. A bawd, sir? Fie upon him; he will discredit our mystery.

PROVOST. Go to, sir; you weigh equally; a feather will turn the scale. [Exit.]

CLOWN. Pray, sir, by your good favour,--for, surely, sir, a good favour you have, but that you have a hanging look,--do you call, sir, your occupation a mystery?

ABHORSON. Ay, sir; a mystery.

CLOWN. Painting, sir, I have heard say, is a mystery; and your whores, sir, being members of my occupation, using painting, do prove my occupation a mystery: but what mystery there should be in hanging, if I should be hanged, I cannot imagine.

ABHORSON. Sir, it is a mystery.

CLOWN. Proof.

ABHORSON. Every true man's apparel fits your thief: if it be too little for your thief, your

Thesaurus

apparel: (n, v) garb, attire, garment, array, vesture; (n) clothing, finery, costume, clothes; (v) adorn, clothe.

discredit: (n, v) disgrace, dishonor, degrade, reproach, shame, doubt, defame, slur; (v) disbelieve, decry, impeach. ANTONYMS: (n, v) honor; (v) believe, credit, dignify, praise, trust, verify, support, laud, commend, accept.

dismiss: (v) cashier, disband, cast, discard, brush aside, can, bounce,

cast off, cease, dispatch; (n, v) drop. ANTONYMS: (v) employ, welcome, signal, remember, recall, mobilize, maintain, keep, hold, engage, contract.

estimation: (n) deference, assessment, calculation, approximation, appraisal, attention; (n, v) esteem, consideration, regard, reputation, credit. ANTONYMS: (n) calculation, disbelief, doubt.

feather: (n) pen, feathering, pinion,

nib, plumage, quill, kind, spline; (n, v) plume; (adj, n, v) fringe; (v) fledge.

fits: (v) epilepsy, bustle, racket, fuss, hubbub, megrims, rout, subsultus, staggers.

thief: (n) burglar, bandit, pirate, plunderer, filcher, stealer, pickpocket, pilferer, crook, brigand, despoiler.

upon: (adv, prep) above; (prep) up, onto, against, towards; (adv) on, on that occasion, then, before, by; (n) at.


true man thinks it big enough; if it be too big for your thief, your thief thinks it little enough; so every true man's apparel fits your thief.%

[Re-enter PROVOST.] PROVOST.

Are you agreed? CLOWN.

Sir, I will serve him; for I do find your hangman is a more penitent trade than your bawd; he doth oftener ask forgiveness.

PROVOST. You, sirrah, provide your block and your axe to-morrow four o'clock.

ABHORSON. Come on, bawd; I will instruct thee in my trade; follow.

CLOWN. I do desire to learn, sir; and I hope, if you have occasion to use me for your own turn, you shall find me yare; for truly, sir, for your kindness I owe you a good turn.

PROVOST. Call hither Barnardine and Claudio. [Exeunt CLOWN and ABHORSON.] One has my pity; not a jot the other, Being a murderer, though he were my brother. [Enter CLAUDIO.] Look, here's the warrant, Claudio, for thy death: 'Tis now dead midnight, and by eight to-morrow Thou must be made immortal. Where's Barnardine?

CLAUDIO. As fast lock'd up in sleep as guiltless labour When it lies starkly in the traveller's bones: He will not wake.

Thesaurus

forgiveness: (n) mercy, condonation, clemency, kindness, pity, remission, leniency, absolution, grace, compassion; (n, v) pardon. ANTONYMS: (n) condemnation, cruelty, harshness.

guiltless: (adj) innocent, clean, irreproachable, clear, faultless, unsullied, stainless, pure, inculpable, immaculate, spotless.

immortal: (adj) eternal, enduring, undying, endless, monumental; (adj,

v) deathless, imperishable, celebrated; (n) deity, God, divinity. ANTONYMS: (adj) obscure, earthly, forgettable, perishable, temporary.

instruct: (v) charge, educate, teach, advise, enlighten, direct, drill, inform, command, indoctrinate, tutor.

murderer: (n) assassin, cutthroat, killer, manslayer, murderess, executioner, thug, liquidator; (v) butcher; (n, v) slayer, terrorist.

penitent: (adj) contrite, apologetic, sorry, remorseful, regretful, guilty, sorrowful, rueful, penitential; (n) flagellant, religionist. ANTONYMS: (adj) unrepentant, impenitent, unashamed, unremorseful.

starkly: (adv) severely, completely, austerely, entirely, bleakly, plainly, barely, utterly, harshly, absolutely, merely. ANTONYMS: (adv) dimly, covertly, gently.

yare: (adj) quick, spry, lively.


PROVOST. Who can do good on him? Well, go, prepare yourself. But hark, what noise? [Knocking within.] Heaven give your spirits comfort! [Exit CLAUDIO.] By and by!-- I hope it is some pardon or reprieve For the most gentle Claudio.--Welcome, father.%

[Enter DUKE.] DUKE.

The best and wholesom'st spirits of the night Envelop you, good provost! Who call'd here of late?

PROVOST. None, since the curfew rung.

DUKE. Not Isabel?

PROVOST. No.

DUKE. They will then, ere't be long.

PROVOST. What comfort is for Claudio?

DUKE. There's some in hope.

PROVOST. It is a bitter deputy.

DUKE. Not so, not so: his life is parallel'd

Thesaurus

bitter: (adj, v) acrimonious, acrid; (adj) sharp, acid, malicious, caustic, virulent, sour, resentful, keen, acerbic. ANTONYMS: (adj) mild, charitable, hot, sugary, kind, wonderful, warm, pleasant, nice, agreeable, gentle.

curfew: (n) rescript, deadline, decree, dusk, edict, eleventh hour, fiat, order, signaling, signal, twilight.

deputy: (n) surrogate, agent, delegate, alternate, ambassador, vicar,

representative, attorney, assistant; (adj, n) substitute, replacement.

noise: (n, v) clatter, echo; (n) clamor, hubbub, racket, sound, disturbance, uproar, din, buzz, clang. ANTONYMS: (n) silence, quiet, quietness, sense.

prepare: (n, v) arrange, form, plan, make; (v) dress, set, lay, devise, groom, equip; (adj, v) coach. ANTONYM: (v) perform.

rung: (n) rundle, grade, degree, stage,

stair, spoke, stave, crosspiece, tread, step; (adj) ringed.

spirits: (n) alcohol, booze, humor, frame of mind, liqueur, strong drink, hard drink; (adj) cheer, geniality, good humor; (v) wine.

yourself: (adv) herself, themselves, itself, myself, ourselves, yourselves, physically.


Even with the stroke and line of his great justice; He doth with holy abstinence subdue That in himself which he spurs on his power To qualify in others: were he meal'd With that which he corrects, then were he tyrannous; But this being so, he's just.--Now are they come. [Knocking within--PROVOST goes out.] This is a gentle provost: seldom when The steeled gaoler is the friend of men.-- How now? what noise? That spirit's possess'd with haste That wounds the unsisting postern with these strokes.%

[PROVOST returns, speaking to one at the door.] PROVOST.

There he must stay until the officer Arise to let him in; he is call'd up.

DUKE. Have you no countermand for Claudio yet, But he must die to-morrow?

PROVOST. None, sir, none.

DUKE. As near the dawning, Provost, as it is, You shall hear more ere morning.

PROVOST. Happily You something know; yet I believe there comes No countermand; no such example have we: Besides, upon the very siege of justice, Lord Angelo hath to the public ear Profess'd the contrary.

Thesaurus

abstinence: (n) temperance, abstention, forbearance, sobriety, chastity, soberness, celibacy, teetotalism, fast, abstinency, restraint. ANTONYMS: (n) excess, intoxication, revelry, intemperance, drunkenness, dissipation, extravagance, wantonness.

contrary: (adj, n) contradictory, reverse; (adj) adverse, conflicting, unfavorable, perverse, cross, disobedient, alien, different,

obstinate. ANTONYMS: (adj) similar, harmonious, helpful, obliging, compatible, complaisant, concordant, parallel, agreeable, cooperative, favorable.

countermand: (v) cancel, abrogate, revoke, rescind, lift, repeal, overrule, reverse, abolish, retract, vacate. ANTONYMS: (v) endorse, sanction, allow, permit, accept.

dawning: (n) daybreak, sunrise, start, beginning, aurora, cockcrow,

dayspring, morning, birth, first light, break of day. ANTONYM: (n) sunset.

gaoler: (n) keeper, screw, turnkey, warder, jailor, custos, custodian, lawman, guard, ass, ranger.

others: (n) rest, cessation, lie, lave, LAN, ease, acquiesce, intermission.

postern: (n) gate, ostiary, portal, porch, wicket, vestibule, trapdoor, threshold, back door; (adj, n) rear; (adj) side.

steeled: (adj) hardened.


[Enter a MESSENGER.] DUKE.

This is his lordship's man.%

DUKE. And here comes Claudio's pardon.

MESSENGER. My lord hath sent you this note; and by me this further charge, that you swerve not from the smallest article of it, neither in time, matter, or other circumstance. Good morrow; for as I take it, it is almost day.

PROVOST. I shall obey him.

[Exit MESSENGER.] DUKE.

[Aside.] This is his pardon, purchas'd by such sin, For which the pardoner himself is in: Hence hath offence his quick celerity, When it is borne in high authority: When vice makes mercy, mercy's so extended That for the fault's love is the offender friended.-- Now, sir, what news?

PROVOST. I told you: Lord Angelo, belike thinking me remiss in mine office, awakens me with this unwonted putting-on; methinks strangely, for he hath not used it before.

DUKE. Pray you, let's hear.

PROVOST. [Reads.] 'Whatsoever you may hear to the contrary, let Claudio be executed by four of

Thesaurus

awakens: (adj) awakened. belike: (adv) probably, likely,

presumably, perhaps, believably, in all probability.

circumstance: (n) affair, incident, matter, event, occasion, chance, accident, opportunity, adventure, casualty, fact.

methinks: (adv) meseems. obey: (v) comply, listen, keep, fulfill,

hear, conform, abide by, serve, comply with; (n, v) mind, heed.

ANTONYMS: (v) disobey, defy, break, transgress, infringe, challenge, deny.

offender: (n) delinquent, malefactor, criminal, convict, felon, crook, wrongdoer, malfeasant, perpetrator, outlaw, villain.

pardoner: (n) absolver, churchman, cleric, divine, ecclesiastic, excuser.

remiss: (adj) neglectful, careless, inattentive, delinquent, lazy, lax, derelict, heedless, backward, slow,

laggard. ANTONYMS: (adj, v) diligent; (v) careful, painstaking; (adj) prompt.

swerve: (n, v) curve; (v) depart, stray, turn, wander, deflect, sheer, veer, diverge, shift, slew. ANTONYMS: (v) straighten, converge.

unwonted: (adj) unaccustomed, rare, unusual, unused, infrequent, uncustomary, singular, extraordinary, scarce, unaccountable, remarkable.


the clock; and, in the afternoon, Barnardine: for my better satisfaction, let me have Claudio's head sent me by five. Let this be duly performed; with a thought that more depends on it than we must yet deliver. Thus fail not to do your office, as you will answer it at your peril.' What say you to this, sir?

DUKE. What is that Barnardine who is to be executed in the afternoon?

PROVOST. A Bohemian born; but here nursed up and bred: one that is a prisoner nine years old.%

DUKE. How came it that the absent duke had not either delivered him to his liberty or executed him? I have heard it was ever his manner to do so.

PROVOST. His friends still wrought reprieves for him; and, indeed, his fact, till now in the government of Lord Angelo, came not to an undoubtful proof.

DUKE. It is now apparent?

PROVOST. Most manifest, and not denied by himself.

DUKE. Hath he borne himself penitently in prison? How seems he to be touched?

PROVOST. A man that apprehends death no more dreadfully but as a drunken sleep; careless, reckless, and fearless, of what's past, present, or to come; insensible of mortality and desperately mortal.

DUKE. He wants advice.

PROVOST. He will hear none; he hath evermore had the liberty of the prison; give him

Thesaurus

dreadfully: (adj, adv) frightfully, shockingly; (adv) fearfully, appallingly, hideously, horrendously, horribly, atrociously, ghastly, tremendously, horridly. ANTONYMS: (adv) pleasantly, wonderfully, happily, hardly, superbly, well.

evermore: (adj, adv) always, forever, ever; (adv) everlastingly, forevermore, perpetually, ever and again, for all time, until the end of

time. ANTONYMS: (adv) temporarily, suddenly.

fearless: (adj, n) daring; (adj) brave, dauntless, courageous, undaunted, intrepid, heroic, audacious, gallant, confident, valiant. ANTONYMS: (adj) afraid, frightened, scared, apprehensive, terrified, timid.

insensible: (adj) imperceptible, numb, unconscious, callous, dull, unaware, apathetic, impassive, indiscernible, comatose, impassible. ANTONYMS:

(adj) sensible, conscious, sensitive, awake, alive, compassionate, concerned, aware.

penitently: (adv) remorsefully, penitentially, regretfully, apologetically, sorrily, contritely, ruefully, sorrowfully, ashamedly, repentingly. ANTONYMS: (adv) unrepentantly, impenitently, unapologetically.

undoubtful: (adj) self-confident, secure, certain.


leave to escape hence, he would not: drunk many times a-day, if not many days entirely drunk. We have very oft awaked him, as if to carry him to execution, and showed him a seeming warrant for it: it hath not moved him at all.%

DUKE. More of him anon. There is written in your brow, Provost, honesty and constancy: if I read it not truly, my ancient skill beguiles me; but in the boldness of my cunning I will lay myself in hazard. Claudio, whom here you have warrant to execute, is no greater forfeit to the law than Angelo who hath sentenced him. To make you understand this in a manifested effect, I crave but four days' respite; for the which you are to do me both a present and a dangerous courtesy.

PROVOST. Pray, sir, in what?

DUKE. In the delaying death.

PROVOST. Alack! How may I do it? having the hour limited; and an express command, under penalty, to deliver his head in the view of Angelo? I may make my case as Claudio's, to cross this in the smallest.

DUKE. By the vow of mine order, I warrant you, if my instructions may be your guide. Let this Barnardine be this morning executed, and his head borne to Angelo.

PROVOST. Angelo hath seen them both, and will discover the favour.

DUKE. O, death's a great disguiser: and you may add to it. Shave the head and tie the beard; and say it was the desire of the penitent to be so bared before his death. You know the course is common. If anything fall to you upon this,

Thesaurus

a-day: (n) target date. bared: (adj) naked, unclothed,

exposed. boldness: (n) prowess, face, daring,

valor, nerve, assurance, heroism, audaciousness, spirit, cheek, valour. ANTONYMS: (n) cowardice, shyness, timidity, meekness, reticence.

constancy: (n) allegiance, devotion, resolution, fidelity, loyalty, steadfastness, faithfulness, steadiness, firmness, perseverance,

unchangeableness. ANTONYMS: (n) inconstancy, inconsistency, changefulness, instability, disloyalty, unfaithfulness, unreliability, dishonesty.

cunning: (adj) crafty, canny, adroit, wily, sly, shrewd, tricky, artful; (n) craftiness, craft, cleverness. ANTONYMS: (adj) simple, honest, stupid, unimaginative, gullible, ingenuous, straightforward, candid, sincere; (n) frankness,

straightforwardness. delaying: (adj) dilatory, lingering,

protractive, backward, behindhand, continuing, flagging, hesitant, slow; (n) hesitation, dalliance.

executed: (adj) finished, fulfilled, complete.

shave: (v) scrape, reduce, pare, cut, brush, chip, whittle, crop; (adj, v) clip, shear, lop. ANTONYMS: (v) augment, expand, lengthen.


more than thanks and good fortune, by the saint whom I profess, I will plead against it with my life.%

PROVOST. Pardon me, good father; it is against my oath.

DUKE. Were you sworn to the duke, or to the deputy?

PROVOST. To him and to his substitutes.

DUKE. You will think you have made no offence if the duke avouch the justice of your dealing?

PROVOST. But what likelihood is in that?

DUKE. Not a resemblance, but a certainty. Yet since I see you fearful, that neither my coat, integrity, nor persuasion, can with ease attempt you, I will go further than I meant, to pluck all fears out of you. Look you, sir, here is the hand and seal of the duke. You know the character, I doubt not; and the signet is not strange to you.

PROVOST. I know them both.

DUKE. The contents of this is the return of the duke; you shall anon over-read it at your pleasure, where you shall find within these two days he will be here. This is a thing that Angelo knows not: for he this very day receives letters of strange tenour: perchance of the duke's death; perchance entering into some monastery; but, by chance, nothing of what is writ. Look, the unfolding star calls up the shepherd. Put not yourself into amazement how these things should be: all difficulties are but easy when they are known. Call your executioner, and off with Barnardine's head: I will give him a present shrift,

Thesaurus

amazement: (n) admiration, wonder, surprise, consternation, stupefaction, stupor, wonderment, feeling, alarm, jolt; (v) amaze. ANTONYMS: (n) preparation, indifference, expectation, coolness, cool, composure, calmness, contempt, belief.

avouch: (v) assert, affirm, asseverate, ensure, declare, admit, acknowledge, protest, vouch, warrant; (n, v) avow. ANTONYM: (v) disavow.

oath: (n) expletive, malediction, imprecation, promise, affidavit, cuss, swearing, pledge, assurance, asseveration; (v) swear.

perchance: (adv) maybe, possibly, by chance, peradventure, accidentally, incidentally, mayhap, chance, haphazard, probably, haply.

profess: (v) assert, feign, affirm, avow, state, pretend, claim, confess, allege, aver; (n, v) protest. ANTONYM: (v) repress.

shrift: (n) confession, sackcloth and ashes, maceration, fasting, absolution, flagellation, lustration, white sheet, shriving.

signet: (n) sigil, completion, key, ratification, signature, imprint, talisman, mark, cachet, stamp, arms.

unfolding: (n) development, growth, flowering, display, recitation, dawn, process, solution, disclosure; (adj) ongoing, duration.


and advise him for a better place. Yet you are amazed: but this shall absolutely resolve you. Come away; it is almost clear dawn.%

[Exeunt.]

SCENE III. ANOTHER ROOM IN THE SAME. [Enter CLOWN.] CLOWN.

I am as well acquainted here as I was in our house of profession: one would think it were Mistress Overdone's own house, for here be many of her old customers. First, here's young Master Rash; he's in for a commodity of brown paper and old ginger, nine score and seventeen pounds; of which he made five marks ready money: marry, then ginger was not much in request, for the old women were all dead. Then is there here one Master Caper, at the suit of Master Threepile the mercer, for some four suits of peach- coloured satin, which now peaches him a beggar. Then have we here young Dizy, and young Master Deepvow, and Master Copperspur, and Master Starvelackey, the rapier and dagger man, and young Dropheir that killed lusty Pudding, and Master Forthlight the tilter, and brave Master Shoetie the great traveller, and wild Halfcan that stabbed Pots, and, I think, forty more; all great doers in our trade, and are now 'for the Lord's sake.'

[Enter ABHORSON.] ABHORSON.

Sirrah, bring Barnardine hither. CLOWN.

Master Barnardine! You must rise and be hanged, Master Barnardine!

Thesaurus

amazed: (adj) astounded, astonished, stunned, dumbfounded, flabbergasted, shocked, staggered, bewildered, surprised, thunderstruck, aghast.

customers: (n) trade. dagger: (n) bodkin, sword, blade,

obelisk, knife, stiletto, dirk, cutlass, grapheme, saber, skean.

ginger: (n) fire, pep, galangal, vim, zest, zing, courage; (adj) gingery, auburn, carroty, red.

lusty: (adj) energetic, stout, lustful, corpulent, potent, virile, vigorous, hearty, sturdy, bouncing, dynamic. ANTONYM: (adj) feeble.

mercer: (n) haberdasher, linen draper, trader, monger, John mercer, bargainer, dealer.

peach: (v) grass, denounce, blab, rat, declare, snitch; (n) apricot, Prunus persica, beauty, stunner, peach tree. ANTONYMS: (adj) ugly, disagreeable, unpleasant.

peaches: (n) amphetamine sulfate. rapier: (n) bilbo, brand, blade, foil,

glaive, whinyard, saber, Glave, steel, cimeter, broadsword.

satin: (adj) glossy, sleek, velvet, down, silky, silklike, silken, satiny, velure; (n) cloth, fabric.

seventeen: (n) large integer. traveller: (n) passenger, tourist,

wanderer, voyager, wayfarer, mover, itinerant, courier, entrant, swimmer, outlander.


ABHORSON. What ho, Barnardine!

BARNARDINE. [Within.] A pox o' your throats! Who makes that noise there? What are you?

CLOWN. Your friend, sir; the hangman. You must be so good, sir, to rise and be put to death.%

BARNARDINE. [Within.] Away, you rogue, away; I am sleepy.

ABHORSON. Tell him he must awake, and that quickly too.

CLOWN. Pray, Master Barnardine, awake till you are executed, and sleep afterwards.

ABHORSON. Go in to him, and fetch him out.

CLOWN. He is coming, sir, he is coming; I hear his straw rustle.

[Enter BARNARDINE.] ABHORSON.

Is the axe upon the block, sirrah? CLOWN.

Very ready, sir. BARNARDINE.

How now, Abhorson? what's the news with you? ABHORSON.

Truly, sir, I would desire you to clap into your prayers; for, look you, the warrant's come.

Thesaurus

awake: (v) wake, awaken, realize, waken; (adj) alive, alert, attentive, conscious, keen, intelligent; (adj, v) broad awake. ANTONYMS: (adj) unconscious, sleeping, comatose, sleepy, relaxed; (v) deaden, lull, sleep.

block: (n, v) arrest, barricade, stop, clog; (n) pad; (v) hinder, plug, encumber, lock, obstruct; (adj, n) lump. ANTONYMS: (v) free, unblock, open, remember, unclog,

clear, release, promote, help, encourage; (n) opening.

clap: (n, v) blast, boom, slam, rumble; (n) applause, clapping, gonorrhoea, smash; (v) acclaim, applaud, hit. ANTONYMS: (v) hiss, jeer.

news: (n) advice, message, information, intelligence, tidings, story, report, notice, communication, gossip; (adj) new.

rogue: (n, v) rascal; (n) knave, imp, miscreant, crook, cheat, impostor,

swindler, cad, villain, scoundrel. rustle: (n, v) whisper; (v) lift, buzz,

steal, pilfer, whiz, pinch, abstract, thieve, purloin; (n) rustling.

sleepy: (adj) drowsy, dozy, slow, lazy, hypnotic, inactive, comatose, dull, heavy, dreamy; (adv) asleep. ANTONYMS: (adj) awake, energetic, vigorous, clear, lively, refreshed.

straw: (n) rush, stalk, drinking straw, chaff, fig, bran; (adj) feather, cobweb, mote, gossamer; (v) strew.


BARNARDINE. You rogue, I have been drinking all night; I am not fitted for't.%

CLOWN. O, the better, sir; for he that drinks all night and is hanged betimes in the morning may sleep the sounder all the next day.

[Enter DUKE.] ABHORSON.

Look you, sir, here comes your ghostly father. Do we jest now, think you? DUKE.

Sir, induced by my charity, and hearing how hastily you are to depart, I am come to advise you, comfort you, and pray with you.

BARNARDINE. Friar, not I; I have been drinking hard all night, and I will have more time to prepare me, or they shall beat out my brains with billets: I will not consent to die this day, that's certain.

DUKE. O, Sir, you must; and therefore I beseech you, Look forward on the journey you shall go.

BARNARDINE. I swear I will not die to-day for any man's persuasion.

DUKE. But hear you,--

BARNARDINE. Not a word; if you have anything to say to me, come to my ward; for thence will not I to-day. [Exit.]

DUKE. Unfit to live or die. O gravel heart!-- After him, fellows; bring him to the block.

Thesaurus

betimes: (adv) early, soon, anon, rath, betime, ahead of time, rathe.

brains: (n) cleverness, intellect, intelligence, sense, mind, wisdom, pate, wit, wits, reason; (adj, n) head. ANTONYM: (n) stupidity.

drinks: (n) refreshments, food and drink.

fellows: (n) fellow, membership, faculty.

ghostly: (adj) uncanny, eerie, weird, spiritual, spectral, ghostlike,

supernatural, macabre, phantasmal; (adj, adv) ghastly; (adv) spectrally. ANTONYMS: (adj) tangible, natural.

gravel: (adj, v) nonplus, bother; (v) bedevil, rag, chevy, flummox, bewilder, puzzle; (adj) grating; (adj, n) dirt; (n) grit.

hastily: (adv) hurriedly, rapidly, quickly, rashly, promptly, suddenly, thoughtlessly, impetuously, swiftly, imprudently, speedily. ANTONYMS: (adv) carefully, unhurriedly,

industriously, sensibly, prudently, late, calmly, thoroughly, patiently, gradually, cautiously.

swear: (v) declare, assure, assert, affirm, curse, pledge; (n, v) promise, avow, depone, depose, aver. ANTONYMS: (v) distrust, refute, deny, compliment.

thence: (adv) therefore, thus, therefrom, thereof, consequently, then, so, thereafter, thenceforth, since, on account of.


[Exeunt ABHORSON and CLOWN.] [Enter PROVOST.] PROVOST.

Now, sir, how do you find the prisoner? DUKE.

A creature unprepar'd, unmeet for death; And to transport him in the mind he is Were damnable.%

PROVOST. Here in the prison, father, There died this morning of a cruel fever One Ragozine, a most notorious pirate, A man of Claudio's years; his beard and head Just of his colour. What if we do omit This reprobate till he were well inclined; And satisfy the deputy with the visage Of Ragozine, more like to Claudio?

DUKE. O, 'tis an accident that Heaven provides! Despatch it presently; the hour draws on Prefix'd by Angelo: see this be done, And sent according to command; whiles I Persuade this rude wretch willingly to die.

PROVOST. This shall be done, good father, presently. But Barnardine must die this afternoon: And how shall we continue Claudio, To save me from the danger that might come If he were known alive?

Thesaurus

according: (adj) pursuant, consonant, equal, agreeable, harmonious, conformable, consistent, corresponding, respondent; (adv) correspondingly, accordingly.

beard: (v) defy, dare; (adj, v) brave; (adj, n) hair; (n) whiskers, moustache, sloven, facial hair; (n, v) camouflage, disguise, mask. ANTONYM: (n) shaven.

presently: (adv) instantly, directly, currently, before long, shortly, soon,

now, at present, readily, just, actually. ANTONYMS: (adv) later, now, formerly.

reprobate: (adj, n) profligate, miscreant; (adj) depraved, immoral, corrupt, dissolute; (v) censure, condemn, reproach; (adj, v) perverted; (n) scoundrel.

unmeet: (adj) unbefitting, inappropriate, inapt, unbecoming, unseemly, unsuitable.

whiles: (n) while.

willingly: (adv) readily, voluntarily, cheerfully, spontaneously, helpfully, disposedly, actively, openly, obligingly, eagerly; (adj, adv) freely. ANTONYMS: (adv) grudgingly, reluctantly, uncooperatively, unenthusiastically.

wretch: (n) victim, villain, scoundrel, reprobate, reptile, miscreant, martyr, object of compassion, poor devil, prey, wreak.


DUKE. Let this be done;-- Put them in secret holds; both Barnardine and Claudio. Ere twice the sun hath made his journal greeting To the under generation, you shall find Your safety manifested.%

PROVOST. I am your free dependant.

DUKE. Quick, dispatch, And send the head to Angelo. [Exit PROVOST.] Now will I write letters to Angelo,-- The provost, he shall bear them,--whose contents Shall witness to him I am near at home, And that, by great injunctions, I am bound To enter publicly: him I'll desire To meet me at the consecrated fount, A league below the city; and from thence, By cold gradation and well-balanced form. We shall proceed with Angelo.

[Re-enter PROVOST.] PROVOST.

Here is the head; I'll carry it myself. DUKE.

Convenient is it. Make a swift return; For I would commune with you of such things That want no ear but yours.

Thesaurus

commune: (v) talk, communicate, intercommunicate, convey, chat, speak; (n) community, county, arrondissement, district, gathering.

consecrated: (adj) consecrate, blessed, sanctified, hallowed, holy, dedicated, divine, devoted, adopted; (adj, prep) set apart; (prep) dedicate. ANTONYM: (adj) secular.

dependant: (n) subordinate, subject, receiver, recipient, servant, hanger-on, ward; (adj) conditional, certified,

aquiline, hooked. gradation: (n) degree, scale, ablaut,

progression, graduation, tier, step, level, shade, form, extent.

proceed: (v) move, advance, originate, ensue, flow, issue, arise, emanate; (adj, v) pass, run, extend. ANTONYMS: (v) discontinue, recede, regress, return, retreat.

publicly: (adv) overtly, publically, in public, generally, communally, commonly, socially, stately, vulgarly,

plainly, usually. ANTONYMS: (adv) privately, secretly, informally.

well-balanced: (adj) uniform, even, together, farsighted, trim.

witness: (n, v) testimony, attest, evidence; (n) bystander, eyewitness, onlooker, observer; (v) observe, notice, see, view. ANTONYMS: (v) deny, participate, refute.

yours: (adj) own.


PROVOST. I'll make all speed. [Exit.]

ISABELLA. [Within.] Peace, ho, be here!

DUKE. The tongue of Isabel.--She's come to know If yet her brother's pardon be come hither: But I will keep her ignorant of her good, To make her heavenly comforts of despair When it is least expected.%

[Enter ISABELLA.] ISABELLA.

Ho, by your leave! DUKE.

Good morning to you, fair and gracious daughter. ISABELLA.

The better, given me by so holy a man. Hath yet the deputy sent my brother's pardon?

DUKE. He hath released him, Isabel, from the world: His head is off and sent to Angelo.

ISABELLA. Nay, but it is not so.

DUKE. It is no other: Show your wisdom, daughter, in your close patience.

Thesaurus

heavenly: (adj) celestial, blissful, ethereal, delightful, angelic, blessed, elysian, holy, unearthly, godlike, sacred. ANTONYMS: (adj) worldly, miserable, infernal, hellish, unappealing, dreadful, turbulent.

holy: (adj) devout, divine, heavenly, religious, blessed, hallowed, spiritual, devotional, pure; (adj, adv) saintly; (adv) sacredly. ANTONYMS: (adj) irreligious, unholy.

least: (n) minimum; (adj) smallest,

minimal, littlest, lowest, insignificant, minutest, negligible; (adj, n) smallest amount; (adv) at least, fully. ANTONYMS: (adj) maximum, greatest; (adj, adv) most.

patience: (n) endurance, fortitude, longanimity, equanimity, tolerance, resignation, restraint, composure, sufferance; (n, v) moderation, calmness. ANTONYMS: (n) impatience, eagerness, intolerance, annoyance.

released: (adj) loose, liberated, discharged, exempt, open, unbound, release, emancipated, gratuitous, free cells; (n) freer. ANTONYM: (adj) imprisoned.

wisdom: (n) judiciousness, knowledge, sapience, sagacity, sense, prudence, discernment, insight, learning, depth, reasonableness. ANTONYMS: (n) stupidity, folly, inexperience, ignorance, flippancy, banality.


ISABELLA. O, I will to him and pluck out his eyes!

DUKE. You shall not be admitted to his sight.%

ISABELLA. Unhappy Claudio! Wretched Isabel! Injurious world! Most damned Angelo!

DUKE. This nor hurts him nor profits you a jot: Forbear it, therefore; give your cause to Heaven. Mark what I say; which you shall find By every syllable a faithful verity: The duke comes home to-morrow;--nay, dry your eyes; One of our convent, and his confessor, Gives me this instance. Already he hath carried Notice to Escalus and Angelo, Who do prepare to meet him at the gates, There to give up their power. If you can, pace your wisdom In that good path that I would wish it go, And you shall have your bosom on this wretch, Grace of the duke, revenges to your heart, And general honour.

ISABELLA. I am directed by you.

DUKE. This letter, then, to Friar Peter give; 'Tis that he sent me of the duke's return. Say, by this token, I desire his company At Mariana's house to-night. Her cause and yours I'll perfect him withal; and he shall bring you Before the duke; and to the head of Angelo

Thesaurus

convent: (n, v) abbey, cloister; (n) monastery, friary, priory, nunnery, community, retreat.

damned: (adj) accursed, doomed, blasted, condemned, damn, cussed, wretched, infernal, hateful, goddamned; (adv) damnably. ANTONYM: (adj) saved.

instance: (n) exemplar, case, time, illustration, sample, affair, pattern, chance, cause; (v) exemplify, illustrate.

pace: (n, v) walk, gait, rate, march, stride, footstep; (n) speed, tempo, rapidity, tread, celerity.

syllable: (n) antepenultimate, antepenult, penultima, penultimate, articulate, utter, linguistic unit, solfa syllable, speech sound, syllabe, language unit.

token: (n) memento, souvenir, note, keepsake, sign, relic, stamp, signal, indication; (adj) nominal; (n, v) trace. ANTONYM: (adj) great.

withal: (adv) nevertheless, notwithstanding, however, even so, all the same, nonetheless, with; (adj) likewise; (n) sufficiency, adequacy, enough.

wretched: (adj) unfortunate, pitiful, sad, pitiable, woeful, pathetic, piteous, lamentable; (adj, v) poor, unhappy, forlorn. ANTONYMS: (adj) fine, strong, fortunate, overjoyed, nice, admirable, good, cheery, joyous, lucky, comfortable.


Accuse him home, and home. For my poor self, I am combined by a sacred vow, And shall be absent. Wend you with this letter: Command these fretting waters from your eyes With a light heart; trust not my holy order, If I pervert your course.--Who's here?

[Enter LUCIO.] LUCIO.

Good even. Friar, where is the provost? DUKE.

Not within, sir.%

LUCIO. O pretty Isabella, I am pale at mine heart to see thine eyes so red; thou must be patient: I am fain to dine and sup with water and bran; I dare not for my head fill my belly; one fruitful meal would set me to't. But they say the duke will be here to-morrow. By my troth, Isabel, I loved thy brother. If the old fantastical duke of dark corners had been at home, he had lived.

[Exit ISABELLA.] DUKE.

Sir, the duke is marvellous little beholding to your reports; but the best is, he lives not in them.

LUCIO. Friar, thou knowest not the duke so well as I do: he's a better woodman than thou takest him for.

DUKE. Well, you'll answer this one day. Fare ye well.

LUCIO. Nay, tarry; I'll go along with thee; I can tell thee pretty tales of the duke.

Thesaurus

beholding: (n) fusion, seeing, visual perception, look.

bran: (adj) farina, sporule, flour, paddy, rice, meal; (n) stubble, cellulose, roughage, fiber, bren.

corners: (adj) cornered. dine: (v) feed, lunch, breakfast, dining,

meal, give, have supper, take tea, grub, consume, entertain. ANTONYM: (v) abstain.

fain: (adj) willing, prepared, ready, favorable, heart and soul, prone; (adv)

gladly, lief, readily, willingly; (v) optative.

fretting: (adj) irritable, dissatisfied, peevish; (n) festering, friction, exulceration.

pervert: (v) debase, deprave, misuse, twist, abuse, corrupt, debauch, misrepresent, bastardize; (n, v) bend; (adv, v) falsify.

tarry: (v) linger, loiter, stay, remain, delay, lag, dally, dawdle, bide, rest; (adj) pitchy. ANTONYMS: (v)

complete, finish. troth: (n) faith, engagement, betrothal,

plight, vow, loyalty, espousal, fidelity, truth, verity, veracity.

wend: (v) go, pass, repair, proceed, cruise; (n) walk, tread, step, pace, plod, march.

woodman: (n) woodcutter, cabinetmaker, carpenter, carver, lumberjack, forester, hunter, woodworker, woodcarver, rustic, lumberman.


DUKE. You have told me too many of him already, sir, if they be true: if not true, none were enough.%

LUCIO. I was once before him for getting a wench with child.

DUKE. Did you such a thing?

LUCIO. Yes, marry, did I; but I was fain to forswear it: they would else have married me to the rotten medlar.

DUKE. Sir, your company is fairer than honest. Rest you well.

LUCIO. By my troth, I'll go with thee to the lane's end. If bawdy talk offend you, we'll have very little of it. Nay, friar, I am a kind of burr; I shall stick. [Exeunt.]

SCENE IV. A ROOM IN ANGELO'S HOUSE. [Enter ANGELO and ESCALUS.] ESCALUS.

Every letter he hath writ hath disvouched other. ANGELO.

In most uneven and distracted manner. His actions show much like to madness; pray heaven his wisdom be not tainted! And why meet him at the gates, and re-deliver our authorities there?

ESCALUS. I guess not.

Thesaurus

bawdy: (adj) coarse, gross, obscene, smutty, naughty, raunchy, risque, vulgar, lewd, loose; (n) bawdry. ANTONYMS: (adj) refined, clean, chaste, proper.

burr: (n) bit, birrus, bureau, burrel, borel, flash, pericarp; (v) pipe, jangle, clink, clank.

distracted: (adj) demented, inattentive, abstracted, crazy, frenzied, distraught, preoccupied, distressed, confused; (adj, v) mad, disconcerted.

ANTONYMS: (adj) attentive, alert, assured, calm, mellow.

gates: (n) bill Gates. madness: (n) frenzy, insanity, lunacy,

idiocy, folly, delirium, insaneness; (adj, n) furor, rage, desperation, furore. ANTONYMS: (n) sense, calmness, order.

medlar: (n) Mespilus germanica, tree, wild medlar, wild medlar tree, edible fruit, fruit tree, medlar tree.

uneven: (adj) unequal, irregular,

patchy, spotty, erratic, disproportionate; (adj, n) jagged, rugged, harsh, ragged; (adj, v) broken. ANTONYMS: (adj) smooth, straight, equal, symmetrical, corresponding, balanced, constant, stable, consistent, level, steady.

writ: (n) edict, assize, certiorari, judicial writ, injunction, order, act, prescription, scripture, writing, ukase.


ANGELO. And why should we proclaim it in an hour before his entering that, if any crave redress of injustice, they should exhibit their petitions in the street?

ESCALUS. He shows his reason for that: to have a dispatch of complaints; and to deliver us from devices hereafter, which shall then have no power to stand against us.%

ANGELO. Well, I beseech you, let it be proclaim'd: Betimes i' the morn I'll call you at your house: Give notice to such men of sort and suit As are to meet him.

ESCALUS. I shall, sir: fare you well. [Exit.]

ANGELO. Good night.-- This deed unshapes me quite, makes me unpregnant, And dull to all proceedings. A deflower'd maid! And by an eminent body that enforced The law against it!--But that her tender shame Will not proclaim against her maiden loss, How might she tongue me? Yet reason dares her--no: For my authority bears a so credent bulk, That no particular scandal once can touch But it confounds the breather. He should have liv'd, Save that his riotous youth, with dangerous sense, Might in the times to come have ta'en revenge, By so receiving a dishonour'd life With ransom of such shame. Would yet he had liv'd! Alack, when once our grace we have forgot,

Thesaurus

breather: (n) rest, breathing space, respite, break, intermission, recess, lull, pause, suspension, truce, interval.

devices: (n) device, tactics, strategy, plans.

dispatch: (n, v) speed, rush; (n) consignment, expedition, celerity, quickness; (v) send, accelerate, deliver, quicken, slay. ANTONYMS: (n) receiving, receipt, dawdling, delay, loitering, silence; (v) keep,

start, begin, hold, retain. eminent: (adj) high, celebrated,

elevated, brilliant, illustrious, noble, big, famous, renowned, conspicuous, dignified. ANTONYMS: (adj) undistinguished, obscure, low, unremarkable, common, uncelebrated, unimportant, insignificant, humble, ordinary.

maiden: (n) maid, girl, demoiselle, damosel, wench, fille, lass, miss; (adj) first, initiatory, unmarried.

redress: (n, v) cure, correct, recompense, help; (v) compensate, indemnify, expiate, rectify, atone; (n) indemnification, amends. ANTONYM: (v) wrong.

riotous: (adj) disorderly, turbulent, boisterous, insubordinate, lawless, insurgent, tumultuous, rebellious, dissolute, profuse, profligate. ANTONYMS: (adj) orderly, manageable, peaceful, tranquil, gentle, conventional.


Nothing goes right; we would, and we would not. [Exit.]

SCENE V. FIELDS WITHOUT THE TOWN.%

[Enter DUKE in his own habit, and FRIAR PETER.] DUKE.

These letters at fit time deliver me. [Giving letters.] The provost knows our purpose and our plot. The matter being afoot, keep your instruction And hold you ever to our special drift; Though sometimes you do blench from this to that As cause doth minister. Go, call at Flavius' house, And tell him where I stay: give the like notice To Valentinus, Rowland, and to Crassus, And bid them bring the trumpets to the gate; But send me Flavius first.

PETER. It shall be speeded well.

[Exit FRIAR.] [Enter VARRIUS.] DUKE.

I thank thee, Varrius; thou hast made good haste: Come, we will walk. There's other of our friends Will greet us here anon, my gentle Varrius.

[Exeunt.]

Thesaurus

afoot: (n) afloat, prevalent; (v) on foot, on the tapis, agoing; (adv) walking, abroach; (adj) underway, itinerant, current.

blench: (v) blanch, recoil, quail, blink, flinch, bleach, shrink back, shrink, cringe, cower, whiten.

deliver: (v) consign, bear, carry, save, rescue, abandon, send, pronounce, hand over, bring; (adj, v) utter. ANTONYMS: (v) capture, confine, imprison, hold, oppress, enslave,

restrain, retain, collect, withhold, shackle.

fields: (n) field, domains, plain, notification fields, rotation, alternation of crops, grounds.

greet: (n, v) receive; (v) address, acknowledge, hail, welcome, cry, salute, bid, weep, meet, recognize.

habit: (n) clothing, practice, dress, garb, attire, convention, character, ritual, addiction, clothes; (n, v) use. ANTONYM: (n) innovation.

letters: (n) erudition, literature, correspondence, lore, script, scholarship, post, print, mail, letter, polite literature.

send: (v) pass, deliver, forward, convey, dispatch, mail, post, give, carry, divert, project. ANTONYM: (v) keep.

speeded: (adj) sudden. trumpets: (n) Sarracenia flava, yellow

pitcher plant, pitcher plant, yellow trumpet.


SCENE VI. STREET NEAR THE CITY GATE.%

[Enter ISABELLA and MARIANA.] ISABELLA.

To speak so indirectly I am loath; I would say the truth; but to accuse him so, That is your part: yet I am advis'd to do it; He says, to 'vailfull purpose.

MARIANA. Be ruled by him.

ISABELLA. Besides, he tells me that, if peradventure He speak against me on the adverse side, I should not think it strange; for 'tis a physic That's bitter to sweet end.

MARIANA. I would Friar Peter.--

ISABELLA. O, peace! the friar is come.

[Enter FRIAR PETER.] PETER.

Come, I have found you out a stand most fit, Where you may have such vantage on the duke He shall not pass you. Twice have the trumpets sounded; The generous and gravest citizens Have hent the gates, and very near upon The duke is entering; therefore, hence, away.

[Exeunt.]

Thesaurus

accuse: (v) charge, incriminate, arraign, denounce, defame, criminate, indict, fault, betray, condemn, inculpate. ANTONYMS: (v) absolve, exculpate, exonerate, praise, support, clear.

adverse: (adj) unfavorable, contrary, untoward, hostile, harmful, adversary, repugnant, counter, pernicious, noisome; (adj, n) opposite. ANTONYMS: (adj) helpful, fortunate, aiding, beneficial, positive,

advantageous, agreeable, desirable, pleasant, harmless.

entering: (n) entry, entrance, admission, enrollment, penetration, ingress, registration, encroachment, entree; (adj, n) incoming; (v) go in.

generous: (adj) ample, abundant, copious, benevolent, bountiful, kind, charitable, flush, fair, liberal; (adj, n) free. ANTONYMS: (adj) meager, tightfisted, miserly, measly, mean, small, ungenerous, avaricious,

greedy, petty, pitiful. indirectly: (adv) circuitously,

roundaboutly, collaterally, tortuously, windingly, sidelongly, incidentally, meanderingly, secondarily, discursively; (n) curved shape. ANTONYMS: (adv) straight, personally, frankly.

ruled: (adj) lined, lawful, subordinate, subject.

sounded: (adj) measured, oral.


ACT V

SCENE I. A PUBLIC PLACE NEAR THE CITY GATE.%

[MARIANA (veiled), ISABELLA, and PETER, at a distance. Enter at opposite

doors DUKE, VARRIUS, Lords; ANGELO, ESCALUS, LUCIO, PROVOST, OFFICERS, and CITIZENS.]

DUKE. My very worthy cousin, fairly met;-- Our old and faithful friend, we are glad to see you.

ANGELO and ESCALUS. Happy return be to your royal grace!

DUKE. Many and hearty thankings to you both. We have made inquiry of you; and we hear Such goodness of your justice that our soul Cannot but yield you forth to public thanks, Forerunning more requital.

ANGELO. You make my bonds still greater.

Thesaurus

cousin: (n) nephew, cousins, friend, cousinship, relation, akin, relative, full cousin, companion.

faithful: (adj, n) accurate, correct, exact, true; (adj) close, unfailing, dependable, devoted, sound, devout; (adj, v) constant. ANTONYMS: (adj) unreliable, false, inaccurate, unfaithful, unrealistic, faithless, perfidious, backstabbing, cheating, inexact, loose.

forth: (adv) away, along, onward,

ahead, before, on, off, on the high road, on the road, on the way, under way.

goodness: (adj, n) generosity, kindness, gentleness; (n) good, excellence, benefit, virtue, worth, morality; (adj) favor, beneficence. ANTONYMS: (n) evil, wickedness, badness, corruptness, bad, immorality, corruption.

hearty: (adj) heartfelt, healthy, genial, sturdy, cheering, fervent,

wholehearted, lusty, enthusiastic, convivial; (adj, n) well. ANTONYMS: (adj) unhealthy, frail, old, weak, sluggish, unwholesome, meager.

worthy: (adj) noble, good, meritorious, valuable, estimable, respectable, deserving, worthwhile, virtuous, honorable; (adj, n) celebrity. ANTONYMS: (adj) bad, unrespected, disreputable, mediocre, petty, poor, unimpressive, insignificant, dishonorable, despicable; (n) nobody.


DUKE. O, your desert speaks loud; and I should wrong it To lock it in the wards of covert bosom, When it deserves, with characters of brass, A forted residence 'gainst the tooth of time And rasure of oblivion. Give me your hand, And let the subject see, to make them know That outward courtesies would fain proclaim Favours that keep within.--Come, Escalus; You must walk by us on our other hand: And good supporters are you.%

[Enter PETER and ISABELLA come forward.] PETER.

Now is your time; speak loud, and kneel before him. ISABELLA.

Justice, O royal duke! Vail your regard Upon a wrong'd, I'd fain have said, a maid! O worthy prince, dishonour not your eye By throwing it on any other object Till you have heard me in my true complaint, And given me justice, justice, justice, justice!

DUKE. Relate your wrongs. In what? By whom? Be brief: Here is Lord Angelo shall give you justice. Reveal yourself to him.

ISABELLA. O worthy duke, You bid me seek redemption of the devil: Hear me yourself; for that which I must speak Must either punish me, not being believ'd, Or wring redress from you; hear me, O, hear me here!

Thesaurus

covert: (adj) clandestine, hidden, concealed, secret, underground, undercover; (n) cover, blind, refuge, concealment, covering. ANTONYMS: (adj) open, aboveboard, unconcealed, public, blatant.

kneel: (v) genuflect, cringe, stoop, bob, cry for quarter, dip, duck, humble oneself; (n) kneeling, knee, movement.

oblivion: (n) limbo, Lethe, void, absolution, forgiveness,

obliviousness, silence, remission, pardon; (n, v) amnesty; (adj) nonbeing. ANTONYMS: (n) consciousness, fame.

punish: (v) amerce, discipline, castigate, chasten, chastise, penalize, strike, avenge, pay, beat, execute. ANTONYMS: (v) excuse, exonerate, pardon, reward, commend.

redemption: (n) atonement, compensation, salvation, discharge, expiation, repurchase, propitiation,

performance, absolution, buyback, fulfillment.

vail: (n) vale; (v) bounty, help, Easter offering, oblation, Christmas box, alms, dole, donative, largess, Peter Pence.

wring: (n, v) squeeze; (v) twist, wrench, wrest, torture, torment, distort, extract, twine, contort, rack.

wrongs: (n) mala.


ANGELO. My lord, her wits, I fear me, are not firm: She hath been a suitor to me for her brother, Cut off by course of justice.%

ISABELLA. By course of justice!

ANGELO. And she will speak most bitterly and strange.

ISABELLA. Most strange, but yet most truly, will I speak: That Angelo's forsworn, is it not strange? That Angelo's a murderer, is't not strange? That Angelo is an adulterous thief, An hypocrite, a virgin-violator, Is it not strange and strange?

DUKE. Nay, it is ten times strange.

ISABELLA. It is not truer he is Angelo Than this is all as true as it is strange: Nay, it is ten times true; for truth is truth To the end of reckoning.

DUKE. Away with her!--Poor soul, She speaks this in the infirmity of sense.

ISABELLA. O prince! I conjure thee, as thou believ'st There is another comfort than this world, That thou neglect me not with that opinion That I am touch'd with madness: make not impossible

Thesaurus

adulterous: (adj) unfaithful, illicit, adulterine, bastard, cheating, disloyal, false, untrue, extracurricular. ANTONYMS: (adj) clean, chaste, pure.

conjure: (v) invoke, entreat, arouse, juggle, bewitch, beseech, bid, conjure up, evoke, implore, bring up.

forsworn: (adj) perjured, untrue. hypocrite: (n) impostor, pretender,

trickster, fraud, deceiver, fake, cheat, charmer, bigot, whited sepulcher,

smoothie. infirmity: (adj, n) frailty, foible,

imbecility; (n) feebleness, impotence, disability, decrepitude, illness, sickness, disease, weakness. ANTONYMS: (n) health, wellness, strength.

neglect: (n, v) disregard, slight, default; (v) ignore, fail, overlook, miss, forget, drop; (n) carelessness, omission. ANTONYMS: (n) development, surveillance, caution,

affection, cherish; (v) do, protect, complete, remember, heed; (n, v) care.

reckoning: (n) calculation, computation, bill, score, computing, liquidation, clearance; (n, v) count, enumeration, account, estimation.

wits: (n) intellect, mind, wit, brains, common sense, presence, percipience, observation, mother wit, right mind, judgment.


That which but seems unlike; 'tis not impossible But one, the wicked'st caitiff on the ground, May seem as shy, as grave, as just, as absolute, As Angelo; even so may Angelo, In all his dressings, characts, titles, forms, Be an arch-villain; believe it, royal prince, If he be less, he's nothing; but he's more, Had I more name for badness.%

DUKE. By mine honesty, If she be mad, as I believe no other, Her madness hath the oddest frame of sense, Such a dependency of thing on thing, As e'er I heard in madness.

ISABELLA. O gracious duke, Harp not on that: nor do not banish reason For inequality; but let your reason serve To make the truth appear where it seems hid And hide the false seems true.

DUKE. Many that are not mad Have, sure, more lack of reason.--What would you say?

ISABELLA. I am the sister of one Claudio, Condemn'd upon the act of fornication To lose his head; condemn'd by Angelo: I, in probation of a sisterhood, Was sent to by my brother: one Lucio As then the messenger;--

Thesaurus

dependency: (adj, n) dependence; (n) colony, addiction, dependance, subordination, settlement, relationship, reliance, relative position, bondage; (adj) contingency.

e'er: (adv) ever, forever. frame: (n, v) construct, design,

fabricate, make, fashion, border, build, forge; (v) draft, erect, contrive.

grave: (adj) solemn, serious, critical, earnest, dangerous, sedate, sad, grand; (adj, v) severe, acute; (v)

engrave. ANTONYMS: (adj) frivolous, funny, cheerful, carefree, slight, nonchalant, trivial, stable, minor, insignificant, favorable.

hide: (n, v) cover, disguise, shelter, veil; (adj, v) obscure; (n) fur, fell, coat; (v) bury, mask; (adj, n, v) darken. ANTONYMS: (v) show, expose, express, divulge, unearth, amplify, advertise, clarify.

inequality: (n) disparity, disproportion, difference, injustice,

variance, variation, imbalance, discrepancy, inequity; (adj) odds; (n, v) dissimilitude. ANTONYMS: (n) justice, parity.

probation: (n) verification, trial, test, rehearsal, testing, inspection, examination, trial period; (adj) tentative, apodeixis, apodixis.

sent: (adj) dispatched, imported, ecstatic, blissful, fascinated, intoxicated; (v) transmit. ANTONYM: (adj) unsent.


LUCIO. That's I, an't like your grace: I came to her from Claudio, and desir'd her To try her gracious fortune with Lord Angelo For her poor brother's pardon.%

ISABELLA. That's he, indeed.

DUKE. You were not bid to speak.

LUCIO. No, my good lord; Nor wish'd to hold my peace.

DUKE. I wish you now, then; Pray you take note of it: and when you have A business for yourself, pray Heaven you then Be perfect.

LUCIO. I warrant your honour.

DUKE. The warrant's for yourself; take heed to it.

ISABELLA. This gentleman told somewhat of my tale.

LUCIO. Right.

DUKE. It may be right; but you are in the wrong To speak before your time.--Proceed.

Thesaurus

fortune: (n) estate, fate, fluke, destiny, luck, accident, means, assets, riches, abundance, doom. ANTONYM: (n) design.

heed: (n, v) consideration, concern, regard, mind, attention, notice; (n) caution, advertence, advertency; (v) attend, hear. ANTONYMS: (n, v) disregard; (n) inattentiveness.

peace: (adj, n) calm, quiet; (n) harmony, hush, repose, ease, amity, agreement, rest, pacification, order.

ANTONYMS: (n) noise, chaos, conflict, uproar, commotion, agitation, war, distress, suffering, disruption, turbulence.

perfect: (adj, n, v) consummate, complete; (adj, n) absolute, full, entire; (adj) exact, utter, thorough, faultless, integral, exquisite. ANTONYMS: (adj) flawed, faulty, wrong, inferior, misshapen, incorrect, defective, used, everyday, unhappy, partial.

somewhat: (adv) slightly, a little, fairly, a bit, reasonably, pretty, moderately, sort of; (adv, v) little; (adv, pron) partly; (adj, adv) something. ANTONYMS: (adv) considerably, very, unreasonably, totally, hugely, completely, closely, massively, absolutely, wholly.

tale: (n) account, narrative, narration, recital, fib, fable, report, fiction, lie, relation, yarn. ANTONYM: (n) fact.


ISABELLA. I went To this pernicious caitiff deputy.%

DUKE. That's somewhat madly spoken.

ISABELLA. Pardon it; The phrase is to the matter.

DUKE. Mended again. The matter;--proceed.

ISABELLA. In brief,--to set the needless process by, How I persuaded, how I pray'd, and kneel'd, How he refell'd me, and how I replied,-- For this was of much length,--the vile conclusion I now begin with grief and shame to utter: He would not, but by gift of my chaste body To his concupiscible intemperate lust, Release my brother; and, after much debatement, My sisterly remorse confutes mine honour, And I did yield to him. But the next morn betimes, His purpose surfeiting, he sends a warrant For my poor brother's head.

DUKE. This is most likely!

ISABELLA. O, that it were as like as it is true!

DUKE. By heaven, fond wretch, thou know'st not what thou speak'st, Or else thou art suborn'd against his honour

Thesaurus

intemperate: (adj) inordinate, immoderate, dissipated, unbridled, extreme, disorderly, inclement, unruly, wild, undue, violent. ANTONYMS: (adj) calm, temperate, moderate.

lust: (n, v) desire, hunger, itch; (n) craving, greed, libido, lecherousness, cupidity, lewdness; (v) covet, crave.

madly: (adv) insanely, furiously, sorely, frantically, wildly, devilishly, deadly, dementedly, foolishly,

distractedly; (adj, adv) rabidly. ANTONYMS: (adv) sensibly, calmly, sanely, carefully; (adj) slightly.

persuaded: (adj) sure, satisfied, easily affected, impressible, positive, delicate, sensible, intelligent, certain, in no doubt, definite. ANTONYMS: (adj) unsure, uncertain.

remorse: (n) penitence, contrition, repentance, regret, guilt, penance, sorrow, grief, qualm, ruefulness, compassion. ANTONYM: (n)

shamelessness. sisterly: (adj) sororal, fatherly,

motherly, sisterlike. ANTONYM: (adj) brotherly.

surfeiting: (adj) disgusting, voracious. vile: (adj, n) contemptible, dirty, low;

(adj, v) base; (adj) despicable, ignoble, evil, sorry, revolting, offensive, nasty. ANTONYMS: (adj) attractive, kind, nice, lovely, lovable, gentle, honorable, good, delightful, admirable, noble.


In hateful practice. First, his integrity Stands without blemish:--next, it imports no reason That with such vehemency he should pursue Faults proper to himself: if he had so offended, He would have weigh'd thy brother by himself, And not have cut him off. Some one hath set you on; Confess the truth, and say by whose advice Thou cam'st here to complain.%

ISABELLA. And is this all? Then, O you blessed ministers above, Keep me in patience; and, with ripen'd time, Unfold the evil which is here wrapt up In countenance!--Heaven shield your grace from woe, As I, thus wrong'd, hence unbelieved go!

DUKE. I know you'd fain be gone.--An officer! To prison with her!--Shall we thus permit A blasting and a scandalous breath to fall On him so near us? This needs must be a practice. Who knew of your intent and coming hither?

ISABELLA. One that I would were here, Friar Lodowick.

DUKE. A ghostly father, belike. Who knows that Lodowick?

LUCIO. My lord, I know him; 'tis a meddling friar. I do not like the man: had he been lay, my lord, For certain words he spake against your grace In your retirement, I had swing'd him soundly.

Thesaurus

blasting: (adj) ruinous, blaring, cold, destructive; (n) grit blasting, burst, explosion, excavation, mining, getting, advertising.

blessed: (adj) happy, holy, cursed, sacred, damned, hallowed, blasted, fortunate, saintly, lucky, divine. ANTONYMS: (adj) unlucky, condemned, damned, disapproved, unhappy, unholy, secular.

intent: (n) idea, intention, design, spirit, meaning, import, goal,

purpose; (adj, n) attentive; (adj) absorbed, engrossed.

meddling: (adj) busy, inquisitive, curious, meddlesome, intrusive, officious, nosy, dabbling, impertinent, busybodied; (adj, n) prying.

scandalous: (adj) infamous, disgraceful, ignominious, outrageous, opprobrious, shocking, disreputable, disgusting, dishonorable; (adj, v) base, foul.

ANTONYMS: (adj) proper, seemly, honorable, appealing, complimentary, reputable, admirable.

soundly: (adv) sound, fully, solidly, thoroughly, deeply, substantially, validly, strongly, stably, fastly, safely. ANTONYMS: (adv) harmfully, halfheartedly, fitfully, unconvincingly.


DUKE. Words against me? This's a good friar, belike! And to set on this wretched woman here Against our substitute!--Let this friar be found.%

LUCIO. But yesternight, my lord, she and that friar, I saw them at the prison: a saucy friar, A very scurvy fellow.

PETER. Bless'd be your royal grace! I have stood by, my lord, and I have heard Your royal ear abus'd. First, hath this woman Most wrongfully accus'd your substitute; Who is as free from touch or soil with her As she from one ungot.

DUKE. We did believe no less. Know you that Friar Lodowick that she speaks of?

PETER. I know him for a man divine and holy; Not scurvy, nor a temporary meddler, As he's reported by this gentleman; And, on my trust, a man that never yet Did, as he vouches, misreport your grace.

LUCIO. My lord, most villainously; believe it.

PETER. Well, he in time may come to clear himself; But at this instant he is sick, my lord, Of a strange fever. Upon his mere request,--

Thesaurus

divine: (adj) sacred, wonderful, blessed, holy, exquisite; (n) clergyman; (v) guess, conjecture, augur, anticipate; (adj, n) almighty. ANTONYMS: (adj) imperfect, profane, earthly, dreadful, physical, ugly, secular.

instant: (adj, n) present; (adj) immediate, prompt; (n) flash, minute, jiffy, point, second; (adj, v) exigent; (adj, n, v) pressing, urgent. ANTONYMS: (n) age, eternity; (adj)

considered, delayed, slow. mere: (adj, n) entire; (adj) bare, simple,

pure; (n) loch, tarn, boundary, absolute; (n, v) downright; (adv) merely; (adj, v) clear.

misreport: (adv) misquote, misstate; (v) misrepresent, exaggerate.

reported: (adj) narrative, reputed. scurvy: (adj) contemptible, paltry,

miserable, sordid, low, abject, ignoble, dirty, scabby; (v) base, scurfy.

villainously: (adv) infamously, atrociously, wickedly, viciously, iniquitously, meanly, basely, vilely, corruptly, shamefully, blackly.

wrongfully: (adv) unjustly, injuriously, de jure, legally, lawfully, wrongly, mischievously, hurtfully, unlawfully, lawlessly, illegally.

yesternight: (n) last night.


Being come to knowledge that there was complaint Intended 'gainst Lord Angelo,--came I hither To speak, as from his mouth, what he doth know Is true and false; and what he, with his oath And all probation, will make up full clear, Whensoever he's convented. First, for this woman-- To justify this worthy nobleman, So vulgarly and personally accus'd,-- Her shall you hear disproved to her eyes, Till she herself confess it.%

DUKE. Good friar, let's hear it. [ISABELLA is carried off, guarded; and MARIANA comes forward.] Do you not smile at this, Lord Angelo?-- O heaven! the vanity of wretched fools! Give us some seats.--Come, cousin Angelo; In this I'll be impartial; be you judge Of your own cause.--Is this the witness, friar? First let her show her face, and after speak.

MARIANA. Pardon, my lord; I will not show my face Until my husband bid me.

DUKE. What! are you married?

MARIANA. No, my lord.

DUKE. Are you a maid?

MARIANA. No, my lord.

Thesaurus

confess: (adj, v) own, allow, admit, avow; (v) concede, profess, recognize, divulge, disclose, reveal, receive. ANTONYMS: (v) suppress, hide, dispute, conceal, repress, harbor.

guarded: (adj) wary, careful, chary, circumspect, cagey, vigilant, watchful, conditional, discreet, gingerly, conservative. ANTONYMS: (adj) frank, careless, trusting, reckless, open, unwary, natural.

impartial: (adj) just, equitable,

disinterested, unprejudiced, unbiased, dispassionate, even-handed, candid, even, evenhanded, detached. ANTONYMS: (adj) partial, partisan, prejudiced, subjective, unfair, unjust.

justify: (v) explain, exonerate, vindicate, confirm, absolve, defend, deserve, apologize, claim, palliate; (n, v) warrant.

vanity: (n) egotism, pride, emptiness, arrogance, futility, inanity, vainglory,

conceitedness, pretension, pomposity; (adj, n) amour propre. ANTONYMS: (n) selflessness, humility, importance, value, effectiveness.

vulgarly: (adv) crudely, commonly, plebeianly, grossly, smuttily, uncouthly, boorishly, cheaply, rudely, vilely, tastelessly. ANTONYM: (adv) decently.


DUKE. A widow, then?

MARIANA. Neither, my lord.%

DUKE. Why, you are nothing then:--neither maid, widow, nor wife?

LUCIO. My lord, she may be a punk; for many of them are neither maid, widow, nor wife.

DUKE. Silence that fellow: I would he had some cause To prattle for himself.

LUCIO. Well, my lord.

MARIANA. My lord, I do confess I ne'er was married, And I confess, besides, I am no maid: I have known my husband; yet my husband knows not That ever he knew me.

LUCIO. He was drunk, then, my lord; it can be no better.

DUKE. For the benefit of silence, would thou wert so too!

LUCIO. Well, my lord.

DUKE. This is no witness for Lord Angelo.

MARIANA. Now I come to't, my lord:

Thesaurus

benefit: (n, v) aid, assist, profit, avail, help, gain, favor; (n) good, assistance, service, interest. ANTONYMS: (n) loss, drawback, ill, detriment, hindrance; (n, v) harm; (v) hinder, hurt, injure, impair, disfavor.

besides: (adv) as well, moreover, too, furthermore, again, as well as, anyway, additionally; (prep) apart from, beside; (adj, adv) more.

drunk: (adj) tipsy, wet, tight, blotto, drunken, inebriated; (adj, n) inebriate;

(n) boozer, dipsomaniac, drunkard, drinker. ANTONYMS: (adj) straight, clearheaded; (n) teetotaler.

husband: (v) conserve, economize, preserve, save; (n) consort, hubby, man, fellow, lover, master, mate. ANTONYMS: (n) wife, bachelor.

prattle: (n, v) gossip, babble, chat, gab, jabber, chitchat; (adj, n, v) chatter, prate, palaver; (v) cackle, clack.

punk: (n) hoodlum, hood, touchwood, prostitute, spunk, hooligan, harlot,

tinder, strumpet, rowdy; (adj) bum. silence: (adj, n, v) calm, still; (int, n, v)

hush; (n, v) lull; (n) mum; (adj, v) appease; (v) mute, allay, pacify, muzzle; (int, v) shut up. ANTONYMS: (n) sound, openness, uproar, movement; (v) amplify, Louden, encourage, rouse.

widow: (n) woman, relict, widower, adult female, widow woman, war widow, nobbled line; (adj) widowed, additional; (v) leave behind.


She that accuses him of fornication, In self-same manner doth accuse my husband; And charges him, my lord, with such a time When I'll depose I had him in mine arms, With all the effect of love.%

ANGELO. Charges she more than me?

MARIANA. Not that I know.

DUKE. No? you say your husband.

MARIANA. Why, just, my lord, and that is Angelo, Who thinks he knows that he ne'er knew my body, But knows he thinks that he knows Isabel's.

ANGELO. This is a strange abuse.--Let's see thy face.

MARIANA. My husband bids me; now I will unmask. [Unveiling.] This is that face, thou cruel Angelo, Which once thou swor'st was worth the looking on: This is the hand which, with a vow'd contract, Was fast belock'd in thine; this is the body That took away the match from Isabel, And did supply thee at thy garden-house In her imagin'd person.

DUKE. Know you this woman?

LUCIO. Carnally, she says.

Thesaurus

charges: (n) expenditure, dues. depose: (v) overthrow, depone, aver,

swear, oust, displace, asseverate, witness, dismiss, remove; (n) testify. ANTONYMS: (v) install, crown, inaugurate, seat, empower, restore.

fast: (adj, v) firm; (adj) dissolute, instant, agile, staunch, quick, hurried, fixed, rapid; (adv) soon, hard. ANTONYMS: (adv) slowly, loosely, sluggishly; (n) binge; (adj) sluggish, loose, unattached, plodding; (adj, adv)

leisurely; (v) gorge, eat. manner: (adj, n) kind; (n) bearing,

demeanor, method, form, appearance, carriage, way; (n, v) custom, style, habit.

self-same: (adj) uniform, twin. strange: (adj) foreign, peculiar,

unusual, abnormal, outlandish, irregular, odd, new, mysterious, extraordinary, curious. ANTONYMS: (adj) ordinary, normal, familiar, typical, usual, conventional,

explicable, sensible, mainstream, known, human.

supply: (n, v) furnish, stock, afford, store; (v) fill, feed, provide, offer, produce, satisfy; (n) purveyance. ANTONYMS: (v) requisition, recall, refuse, withhold, take, buy; (n) lack.

took: (adj) taken; (v) receive. unmask: (v) uncloak, expose, reveal,

debunk, uncover, unfold, unkennel, detect, disclose, unseal, bare. ANTONYMS: (v) mask, conceal.


DUKE. Sirrah, no more.%

LUCIO. Enough, my lord.

ANGELO. My lord, I must confess I know this woman; And five years since there was some speech of marriage Betwixt myself and her; which was broke off, Partly for that her promis'd proportions Came short of composition; but in chief For that her reputation was disvalued In levity: since which time of five years I never spake with her, saw her, nor heard from her, Upon my faith and honour.

MARIANA. Noble prince, As there comes light from heaven and words from breath, As there is sense in truth and truth in virtue, I am affianc'd this man's wife as strongly As words could make up vows: and, my good lord, But Tuesday night last gone, in his garden-house, He knew me as a wife. As this is true, Let me in safety raise me from my knees, Or else for ever be confixed here, A marble monument!

ANGELO. I did but smile till now; Now, good my lord, give me the scope of justice; My patience here is touch'd. I do perceive These poor informal women are no more But instruments of some more mightier member

Thesaurus

composition: (n) texture, construction, constitution, alloy, amalgam, composing, compost, compound, compromise, harmony, combination.

informal: (adj) familiar, easy, casual, free, cozy, unofficial, chatty, cosy, homely, wanton, everyday. ANTONYMS: (adj) official, authorized, impersonal, uncomfortable.

levity: (n) flightiness, frivolity, flippancy, buoyancy, lightness,

giddiness, inconstancy, frivolousness, humorousness, jocosity; (n, v) fickleness. ANTONYMS: (n) gravity, seriousness.

marble: (n) taw, marver, leopard, heart of stone, granite, cheetah, marbling; (adj, n) stone; (v) foolscap; (adj) flint, quartz.

monument: (n) headstone, cenotaph, tombstone, tablet, shrine, slab, gravestone, landmark, statue; (adj, n) column; (n, v) record.

reputation: (n) name, prestige, distinction, face, celebrity, credit, character; (n, v) honor, esteem, report; (adj, n) renown. ANTONYMS: (n) infamy, dishonor, obscurity.

scope: (n, v) range, drift; (n) purview, domain, room, expanse, area, compass, horizon, oscilloscope; (v) view.

women: (n) sex, gentle sex.


That sets them on. Let me have way, my lord, To find this practice out.%

DUKE. Ay, with my heart; And punish them to your height of pleasure.-- Thou foolish friar, and thou pernicious woman, Compact with her that's gone, thinkst thou thy oaths, Though they would swear down each particular saint, Were testimonies against his worth and credit, That's seal'd in approbation?--You, Lord Escalus, Sit with my cousin; lend him your kind pains To find out this abuse, whence 'tis deriv'd.-- There is another friar that set them on; Let him be sent for.

PETER. Would lie were here, my lord; for he indeed Hath set the women on to this complaint: Your provost knows the place where he abides, And he may fetch him.

DUKE. Go, do it instantly.--

[Exit PROVOST.] And you, my noble and well-warranted cousin,

Whom it concerns to hear this matter forth, Do with your injuries as seems you best In any chastisement. I for a while Will leave you: but stir not you till you have well Determined upon these slanderers.

ESCALUS. My lord, we'll do it throughly.

Thesaurus

chastisement: (n) castigation, rebuke, discipline, punishment, penalty, reprimand, chastening, reproval, penalization, lashing, scolding. ANTONYMS: (n) persuasion, reward.

foolish: (adj) childish, fool, crazy, dumb, daft, fatuous, stupid, unwise, preposterous, dopey; (adj, n) silly. ANTONYMS: (adj) wise, sensible, shrewd, prudent, visionary, diplomatic, levelheaded, sane,

rational, mature, judicious. lend: (v) grant, give, advance, impart,

bestow, contribute, borrow, bring, add, confer; (n) lending.

noble: (adj, n) grand, glorious, patrician; (adj) imposing, impressive, elevated, majestic, generous, high; (adj, v) dignified, great. ANTONYMS: (adj) shameful, humble, dishonorable, lowly, lowborn, disgraceful, unimpressive, ignoble, modest, petty; (n) lady.

stir: (adj, n, v) move, bustle; (v) rouse, arouse, affect, agitate, inspire; (adj, n) movement; (n) commotion, excitement, disturbance. ANTONYMS: (v) dampen, retire, stultify, bore, steady, stifle, suppress; (n) quiet, peace; (n, v) calm.

throughly: (adv) completely, thoroughly, nonstoply, directly, overly, readily, endedly, completedly, straightly, perfectly, forward.


[Exit DUKE.] Signior Lucio, did not you say you knew that Friar Lodowick to be

a dishonest person? LUCIO.

'Cucullus non facit monachum': honest in nothing but in his clothes; and one that hath spoke most villainous speeches of the duke.%

ESCALUS. We shall entreat you to abide here till he come and enforce them against him: we shall find this friar a notable fellow.

LUCIO. As any in Vienna, on my word.

ESCALUS. Call that same Isabel here once again [to an Attendant]; I would speak with her. Pray you, my lord, give me leave to question; you shall see how I'll handle her.

LUCIO. Not better than he, by her own report.

ESCALUS. Say you?

LUCIO. Marry, sir, I think, if you handled her privately, she would sooner confess: perchance, publicly, she'll be ashamed.

[Re-enter Officers, with ISABELLA.] ESCALUS.

I will go darkly to work with her. LUCIO.

That's the way; for women are light at midnight.

Thesaurus

ashamed: (adj) hangdog, guilty, embarrassed, sheepish, remorseful, regretful, bashful, disconcerted, contrite, chagrined; (v) dashed. ANTONYMS: (adj) proud, arrogant, unremorseful, unashamed, pleased, blatant, bold, happy, unabashed, unrepentant.

midnight: (n) dark, noon, hour. notable: (adj) conspicuous, celebrated,

illustrious, eminent, memorable, extraordinary, renowned, famous,

remarkable; (n) luminary, celebrity. ANTONYMS: (adj) ordinary, unknown, obscure, unimpressive, undistinguished; (n) nobody, nonentity.

privately: (adv) covertly, privily, confidentially, personally, closely, stealthily, secludedly, domestically, informally, retiredly; (adj, adv) quietly. ANTONYMS: (adv) publicly, officially.

sooner: (adj, adv) rather, earlier, before,

preferably, instead; (adv) first, before now, faster, previously, beforehand; (adj) prior.

spoke: (n) bar, rung, radius, rule, shoe, skid, rundle, line, clog, round; (v) said.

villainous: (adj, v) base, infamous, vile, black, shameful; (adj) heinous, atrocious, depraved, wicked, evil, vicious.


ESCALUS. Come on, mistress [to ISABELLA]; here's a gentlewoman denies all that you have said.%

LUCIO. My lord, here comes the rascal I spoke of, here with the Provost.

[Re-enter the DUKE in his friar's habit, and PROVOST.] ESCALUS.

In very good time:--speak not you to him till we call upon you. LUCIO.

Mum. ESCALUS.

Come, sir: did you set these women on to slander Lord Angelo? they have confessed you did.

DUKE. 'Tis false.

ESCALUS. How! Know you where you are?

DUKE. Respect to your great place! and let the devil Be sometime honour'd for his burning throne!-- Where is the duke? 'tis he should hear me speak.

ESCALUS. The duke's in us; and we will hear you speak: Look you speak justly.

DUKE. Boldly, at least. But, O, poor souls, Come you to seek the lamb here of the fox, Good night to your redress! Is the duke gone? Then is your cause gone too. The duke's unjust

Thesaurus

burning: (adj) blazing, ablaze, boiling, afire, flaming, hot; (n) combustion, firing; (adj, n) passionate, zealous, glowing. ANTONYMS: (adj) cold, trivial, cool, out, painless, quenched, soothing, unimportant, apathetic, insignificant, unconcerned.

confessed: (adj) known. justly: (adv) accurately, fairly,

correctly, honestly, lawfully, properly, exactly, uprightly, legitimately, impartially, purely.

ANTONYMS: (adv) wrongly, unfairly, unjustifiably, unjustly, unlawfully, sinfully, falsely, immorally.

lamb: (n) sheep, lambkin, dear, hogget, kid, mutton, inexperienced person, honey, white meat, pork; (adj) naive.

rascal: (n) villain, rapscallion, monkey, miscreant, knave, scoundrel, scamp, rogue, varlet, vagabond, brat.

seek: (n, v) ask, inquire; (v) hunt,

endeavor, attempt, look, aspire, pursue, beg, quest, explore. ANTONYMS: (v) answer, grant.

sometime: (adv) someday, once, one day, formerly, sooner or later; (adj) quondam, erstwhile, former, old, late; (adj, adv) sometimes.

unjust: (adj) partial, injurious, wrong, inequitable, unrighteous, wicked, foul, wrongful, improper, unmerited, unjustified. ANTONYMS: (adj) just, equitable, rightful, reasonable, good.


Thus to retort your manifest appeal, And put your trial in the villain's mouth Which here you come to accuse.%

LUCIO. This is the rascal; this is he I spoke of.

ESCALUS. Why, thou unreverend and unhallow'd friar, Is't not enough thou hast suborn'd these women To accuse this worthy man, but, in foul mouth, And in the witness of his proper ear, To call him villain? And then to glance from him to the duke himself, To tax him with injustice? Take him hence; To the rack with him!--We'll touze you joint by joint, But we will know his purpose.--What! unjust?

DUKE. Be not so hot; the duke Dare no more stretch this finger of mine than he Dare rack his own; his subject am I not, Nor here provincial. My business in this state Made me a looker-on here in Vienna, Where I have seen corruption boil and bubble Till it o'errun the stew: laws for all faults, But faults so countenanc'd that the strong statutes Stand like the forfeits in a barber's shop, As much in mock as mark.

ESCALUS. Slander to the state! Away with him to prison!

ANGELO. What can you vouch against him, Signior Lucio? Is this the man that you did tell us of?

Thesaurus

boil: (adj, n, v) seethe; (v) bubble, churn, ferment, burn, fume; (adj, n) abscess; (adj, v) simmer; (n) furuncle, blister, pimple. ANTONYMS: (v) cool, chill, assuage, appease, ice, calm.

injustice: (n) iniquity, wrong, unfairness, bigotry, wickedness, prejudice, crime; (adj, n) injury, evil, harm, damage. ANTONYMS: (n) fairness, evenhandedness, reasonableness, goodness, tolerance.

looker-on: (n) bystander, spectator, eyewitness, witness.

manifest: (adj) evident, distinct, conspicuous, clear, patent, plain; (v) display, demonstrate, exhibit, evidence; (n, v) declare. ANTONYMS: (v) hide; (adj) hidden, obscure, secret, inconspicuous, veiled, furtive, avoidable, ambiguous; (adv) absent.

mock: (adj, v) counterfeit; (n, v) ridicule, jeer, gibe, laugh at, flout;

(adj, n, v) burlesque, sham; (v) mimic, ape, taunt. ANTONYMS: (adj) real, natural; (v) praise, applaud, respect, approve.

retort: (n, v) answer, return, riposte; (n) response, rejoinder, repartee, comeback; (v) respond, repay, rejoin, alembic.

stew: (n, v) fret, hash; (v) simmer, cook, braise, seethe; (adj, n) brothel, sweat; (adj, v) pother; (n) ragout, mess.


LUCIO. 'Tis he, my lord. Come hither, good-man bald-pate. Do you know me?

DUKE. I remember you, sir, by the sound of your voice. I met you at the prison, in the absence of the duke.%

LUCIO. O did you so? And do you remember what you said of the duke?

DUKE. Most notedly, sir.

LUCIO. Do you so, sir? And was the duke a fleshmonger, a fool, and a coward, as you then reported him to be?

DUKE. You must, sir, change persons with me ere you make that my report: you, indeed, spoke so of him; and much more, much worse.

LUCIO. O thou damnable fellow! Did not I pluck thee by the nose for thy speeches?

DUKE. I protest I love the duke as I love myself.

ANGELO. Hark how the villain would gloze now, after his treasonable abuses!

ESCALUS. Such a fellow is not to be talked withal. Away with him to prison!--Where is the provost?--Away with him to prison! lay bolts enough upon him: let him speak no more.--Away with those giglots too, and with the other confederate companion!

[The PROVOST lays hands on the DUKE.]

Thesaurus

confederate: (n) accomplice, accessory, partner, collaborator, colleague, assistant; (n, v) ally, auxiliary; (adj) allied; (v) league, conspire. ANTONYMS: (n) opponent, foe, enemy, adversary.

gloze: (n) flattery, adulation, extenuate, excuse, apologize, blandishment; (v) pet, soothe, blandish, flatter, adulate.

nose: (n) hooter, neb, nozzle, proboscis, honker, bow, odour; (v)

wind, pry, scent; (n, v) sniff. notedly: (adv) renownedly, gloriously,

celebratedly, knownly, markedly, recognizedly, notoriously, illustriously, eminently, conspicuously, excellently.

persons: (n) folk, public, society, world.

protest: (n) demonstration, objection, complaint, challenge, question; (v) assert, object, complain, remonstrate, demur; (n, v) moan. ANTONYMS: (n,

v) support, praise; (n) approval, acceptance; (v) approve, agree.

treasonable: (adj) disloyal, treacherous, traitorous, unfaithful, false, insidious, perfidious, faithless, rebellious, subversive, constituting treason.

worse: (adj) worser, subordinate, waur, worsened, warre, unrelieved, minor, lesser, junior, poorer; (n) badness. ANTONYMS: (adj) improved, healthier, higher.


DUKE. Stay, sir; stay awhile.%

ANGELO. What! resists he?--Help him, Lucio.

LUCIO. Come, sir; come, sir! come, sir; foh, sir! Why, you bald-pated lying rascal! you must be hooded, must you? Show your knave's visage, with a pox to you! show your sheep-biting face, and be hanged an hour! Will't not off?

[Pulls off the FRIAR'S hood and discovers the DUKE.] DUKE.

Thou art the first knave that e'er made a duke.-- First, Provost, let me bail these gentle three:-- Sneak not away, sir [To LUCIO.]; for the friar and you Must have a word anon:--Lay hold on him.

LUCIO. This may prove worse than hanging.

DUKE. What you have spoke I pardon; sit you down.-- [To ESCALUS.] We'll borrow place of him.--[To ANGELO.] Sir, by your leave. Hast thou or word, or wit, or impudence, That yet can do thee office? If thou hast, Rely upon it till my tale be heard, And hold no longer out.

ANGELO. O my dread lord, I should be guiltier than my guiltiness, To think I can be undiscernible, When I perceive your grace, like power divine, Hath look'd upon my passes. Then, good Prince,

Thesaurus

borrow: (v) adopt, lend, appropriate, to borrow, assume, take, accept, acquire, plagiarize, cadge, get. ANTONYMS: (v) give, invent, loan, originate, return.

dread: (n, v) apprehension, fear, panic; (n) anxiety, awe, consternation, alarm, trepidation, dismay, foreboding, terror. ANTONYMS: (adj) pleasing, welcomed, pleasant; (v) welcome, want; (n) reassurance, fearlessness, confidence, security,

ease, calm. hanging: (n) execution, curtain, arras,

wall hanging; (adj) suspended, pendent, pendant, pendulous, hung, pending; (n, v) suspension.

hood: (n) bonnet, cowl, hat, headdress, coif, hoodlum, thug, lid, kerchief, malefactor; (n, v) cover.

hooded: (v) cucullate, encuirassed, dermatoid, squamiferous, tectiform; (adj) covered, capistrate, cucullated, draped, enclosed, kerchieft.

knave: (n) cheat, jack, blackguard, crook, rascal, villain, cad, scalawag, scallywag, scoundrel, varlet.

longer: (adj) longest, better, lengest; (adv) farther; (n) yearner, thirster.

perceive: (v) comprehend, apprehend, discover, see, grasp, find, know, observe, sense, appreciate; (adj, v) discern. ANTONYMS: (v) Miss, observe, ignore.


No longer session hold upon my shame, But let my trial be mine own confession: Immediate sentence then, and sequent death, Is all the grace I beg.%

DUKE. Come hither, Mariana:-- Say, wast thou e'er contracted to this woman?

ANGELO. I was, my lord.

DUKE. Go, take her hence and marry her instantly. Do you the office, friar; which consummate, Return him here again.--Go with him, Provost.

[Exeunt ANGELO, MARIANA, PETER, and PROVOST.] ESCALUS.

My lord, I am more amazed at his dishonour Than at the strangeness of it.

DUKE. Come hither, Isabel: Your friar is now your prince. As I was then Advertising and holy to your business, Not changing heart with habit, I am still Attorney'd at your service.

ISABELLA. O, give me pardon, That I, your vassal, have employ'd and pain'd Your unknown sovereignty.

DUKE. You are pardon'd, Isabel. And now, dear maid, be you as free to us.

Thesaurus

changing: (adj) unsettled, shifting, variable, dynamic, moving, choppy, uncertain, various, varying, inconstant, fickle. ANTONYMS: (adj) usual, fixed.

contracted: (adj) insular, contract, constricted, tight, bound, close, narrow-minded, confined, brief; (v) shrunk; (adj, v) selfish. ANTONYM: (adj) expanded.

marry: (n, v) wed, espouse; (v) get married, link, conjoin, wive, splice,

tie, unite, couple; (n) marriage. ANTONYMS: (v) divorce, separate, split.

prince: (n) lord, potentate, sovereign, duke, king, chief, maharaja, maharajah, ruler, magnate, archduke.

sequent: (adj) subsequent, consequent, successive, serial, sequential, following, ensuant, resulting, resultant, chronological; (n) sequel.

sovereignty: (n) reign, empire, rule, realm, power, autonomy,

independence, dominion, majesty, monarchy, control. ANTONYMS: (n) restriction, subjugation.

strangeness: (n) oddity, oddness, quaintness, peculiarity, curiousness, abnormality, weirdness, foreignness, queerness, singularity, quirk. ANTONYMS: (n) familiarity, nativeness.

vassal: (n) feudatory, liegeman, liege, serf, helot, dependent, subject, liege subject, follower, bondman, homager.


Your brother's death, I know, sits at your heart; And you may marvel why I obscur'd myself, Labouring to save his life, and would not rather Make rash remonstrance of my hidden power Than let him so be lost. O most kind maid, It was the swift celerity of his death, Which I did think with slower foot came on, That brain'd my purpose. But peace be with him! That life is better life, past fearing death, Than that which lives to fear: make it your comfort, So happy is your brother.%

ISABELLA. I do, my lord.

[Re-enter ANGELO, MARIANA, PETER, and PROVOST.] DUKE.

For this new-married man approaching here, Whose salt imagination yet hath wrong'd Your well-defended honour, you must pardon For Mariana's sake: but as he adjudg'd your brother,-- Being criminal, in double violation Of sacred chastity and of promise-breach, Thereon dependent, for your brother's life,-- The very mercy of the law cries out Most audible, even from his proper tongue, 'An Angelo for Claudio, death for death.' Haste still pays haste, and leisure answers leisure; Like doth quit like, and measure still for measure. Then, Angelo, thy fault's thus manifested,-- Which, though thou wouldst deny, denies thee vantage.-- We do condemn thee to the very block

Thesaurus

audible: (adj) plain, hearable, distinct, detectable, sounding, sharp, sonic, definite, discernible, perceptible, sensory. ANTONYMS: (adj) inaudible, unintelligible, undetectable, silent, faint.

celerity: (n) rapidity, speed, dispatch, velocity, swiftness, quickness, expedition, fleetness, alacrity, pace, promptness. ANTONYMS: (n) leisureliness, sluggishness.

chastity: (n) honor, purity, abstinence,

virtue, innocence, chasteness, continence, modesty, cleanliness, austerity; (adj) honesty. ANTONYMS: (n) nymphomania, lewdness, adultery.

marvel: (n, v) wonder; (n) prodigy, curiosity, phenomenon, amazement, miracle, portent, marl, surprise, admiration; (v) admire. ANTONYMS: (v) disregard; (n) nightmare.

rash: (adj, n) foolhardy, hasty, precipitate, eruption; (adj) imprudent,

reckless, impetuous, heedless, audacious, sudden; (adj, adv) thoughtless. ANTONYMS: (adj) cautious, careful, sensible, wise, considered, deliberate, prudent, modest, slow, responsible, patient.

remonstrance: (n) protest, expostulation, objection, dissuasion, censure, remonstration, reprehension, admonition, monstrance, mediation, dehortation.

sits: (n) sat.


Where Claudio stoop'd to death, and with like haste.-- Away with him.%

MARIANA. O my most gracious lord, I hope you will not mock me with a husband!

DUKE. It is your husband mock'd you with a husband. Consenting to the safeguard of your honour, I thought your marriage fit; else imputation, For that he knew you, might reproach your life, And choke your good to come: for his possessions, Although by confiscation they are ours, We do instate and widow you withal To buy you a better husband.

MARIANA. O my dear lord, I crave no other, nor no better man.

DUKE. Never crave him; we are definitive.

MARIANA. Gentle my liege-- [Kneeling.]

DUKE. You do but lose your labour.-- Away with him to death!--[To LUCIO.] Now, sir, to you.

MARIANA. O my good lord!--Sweet Isabel, take my part; Lend me your knees, and all my life to come I'll lend you all my life to do you service.

Thesaurus

choke: (v) asphyxiate, block, stifle, back up, clog up, gag, suffocate, foul, strangle, smother, obstruct. ANTONYMS: (v) free, open, release, unblock.

confiscation: (n) expropriation, seizure, appropriation, arrogation, premunire, attachment, impounding, forfeiture, escheat, capture; (v) impound. ANTONYMS: (n) return, addition.

definitive: (adj) decisive, definite,

conclusive, last, authoritative, eventual, explicit; (v) decided; (adj, v) absolute, final, emphatic. ANTONYMS: (adj) atypical, questionable, unreliable, inconclusive, incomplete, debatable, provisional, tentative, first.

instate: (v) induct, inaugurate, initiate, invest, enstate; (n, v) establish; (n) artifice, plant, generate, engender, fix.

knees: (n) knee. reproach: (n, v) blame, rebuke, charge,

abuse, disgrace, reprimand, invective; (v) accuse, chide, condemn; (n) condemnation. ANTONYMS: (n, v) praise; (v) commend, approve; (n) compliment, commendation, approval.

safeguard: (v) preserve, ensure, cover, protect, defend; (n) protection, care, precaution, security; (n, v) shield, shelter. ANTONYMS: (v) jeopardize, expose, destroy, endanger.


DUKE. Against all sense you do importune her. Should she kneel down in mercy of this fact, Her brother's ghost his paved bed would break, And take her hence in horror.%

MARIANA. Isabel, Sweet Isabel, do yet but kneel by me; Hold up your hands, say nothing,--I'll speak all. They say, best men moulded out of faults; And, for the most, become much more the better For being a little bad: so may my husband. O Isabel, will you not lend a knee?

DUKE. He dies for Claudio's death.

ISABELLA. [Kneeling.] Most bounteous sir, Look, if it please you, on this man condemn'd, As if my brother liv'd: I partly think A due sincerity govern'd his deeds Till he did look on me; since it is so, Let him not die. My brother had but justice, In that he did the thing for which he died: For Angelo, His act did not o'ertake his bad intent, And must be buried but as an intent That perish'd by the way. Thoughts are no subjects; Intents but merely thoughts.

MARIANA. Merely, my lord.

Thesaurus

bounteous: (adj) bountiful, liberal, ample, copious, plentiful, bighearted, generous, munificent, handsome, benevolent, affluent. ANTONYM: (adj) scarce.

buried: (adj) hidden, covert, interred, underground, inhumed, profound, covered, ulterior; (v) perdu, imbed, embed. ANTONYMS: (adj) explicit, overt.

ghost: (n, v) apparition, specter; (n) shade, spirit, demon, soul, spook,

spectre, goblin, appearance, monster.hence: (adv) consequently, for that

reason, therefore, thereby, away, thus, for, then, because, henceforth, as a result.

importune: (v) beseech, implore, beg, entreat, badger, besiege, worry, annoy, press, pester, tease.

knee: (n) bracket, articulation, joint, kneel, knee joint, genu, articulatio genus, scythe, zigzag, sickle, bend.

paved: (adj) cobbled.

sincerity: (adj, n) candor, honesty, integrity, probity, faithfulness; (n) earnestness, heartiness, genuineness, candour, frankness, cordiality. ANTONYMS: (n) dishonesty, hypocrisy, flippancy, frivolity, affectedness, caution, reticence, deceit, doubt.

thoughts: (n) mind, opinion, depth of thought, feelings, reflection, ideas, workings of the mind, view, stance, position, considered opinion.


DUKE. Your suit's unprofitable; stand up, I say.-- I have bethought me of another fault.-- Provost, how came it Claudio was beheaded At an unusual hour?

PROVOST. It was commanded so.%

DUKE. Had you a special warrant for the deed?

PROVOST. No, my good lord; it was by private message.

DUKE. For which I do discharge you of your office: Give up your keys.

PROVOST. Pardon me, noble lord: I thought it was a fault, but knew it not; Yet did repent me, after more advice: For testimony whereof, one in the prison, That should by private order else have died, I have reserved alive.

DUKE. What's he?

PROVOST. His name is Barnardine.

DUKE. I would thou hadst done so by Claudio.-- Go fetch him hither; let me look upon him.

[Exit PROVOST.]

Thesaurus

alive: (adj) live, vivacious, living, sensible, delicate, snappy, animated, lively, spry, responsive; (n) life. ANTONYMS: (adj) deceased, inanimate, unanimated, dispirited, dull, inactive, lethargic, lifeless, listless, nonfunctioning, sluggish.

commanded: (adj) lawful. discharge: (n) dismissal; (adj, v) acquit,

deliver, bounce; (v) clear, complete, eject, absolve, cashier; (n, v) drain; (adj, n, v) burst. ANTONYMS: (v)

hire, load, hold, detain, convict, delegate, charge, assign, enlist, incarcerate; (n) burdening.

reserved: (adj, n) cold, distant, frigid; (adj) coy, reticent, diffident, bashful, aloof, retiring, quiet, shy. ANTONYMS: (adj) open, forthcoming, uninhibited, relaxed, warm, communicative, talkative, free, definite, cordial, forward.

unprofitable: (adj) profitless, fruitless, futile, inutile, disadvantageous,

unfruitful, barren, idle, vain, uneconomic, unproductive. ANTONYMS: (adj) fruitful, lucrative.

unusual: (adj) peculiar, odd, uncommon, quaint, exotic, eccentric, remarkable, curious, irregular, special, exceptional. ANTONYMS: (adj) normal, common, customary, typical, ordinary, familiar, routine, conventional, orthodox, inconspicuous, commonplace.


ESCALUS. I am sorry one so learned and so wise As you, Lord Angelo, have still appear'd, Should slip so grossly, both in the heat of blood And lack of temper'd judgment afterward.%

ANGELO. I am sorry that such sorrow I procure: And so deep sticks it in my penitent heart That I crave death more willingly than mercy; 'Tis my deserving, and I do entreat it.

[Re-enter PROVOST, with BARNARDINE, CLAUDIO (muffled) and JULIET.]

DUKE. Which is that Barnardine?

PROVOST. This, my lord.

DUKE. There was a friar told me of this man:-- Sirrah, thou art said to have a stubborn soul, That apprehends no further than this world, And squar'st thy life according. Thou'rt condemn'd; But, for those earthly faults, I quit them all, And pray thee take this mercy to provide For better times to come:--Friar, advise him; I leave him to your hand.--What muffled fellow's that?

PROVOST. This is another prisoner that I sav'd, Who should have died when Claudio lost his head; As like almost to Claudio as himself.

[Unmuffles CLAUDIO.]

Thesaurus

advise: (v) recommend, propose, warn, inform, acquaint, suggest, notify, announce, tell, offer, forewarn. ANTONYMS: (v) betray, deceive, delude, fool, trick.

deserving: (adj) meritorious, admirable, creditable, commendable, laudable, fit, good, deserved, condign; (v) deserve, worthy of. ANTONYMS: (adj) unworthy, undeserving, unimpressive.

muffled: (adj) hushed, muted, hollow,

inarticulate, faint, soft, subdued, low, quiet; (v) allusive, covert. ANTONYMS: (adj) clear, distinct, audible, slight.

quit: (adj, n, v) leave; (v) go, drop, break, cease, give up, depart, end, discontinue; (adj, v) discharge; (n, v) part. ANTONYMS: (v) stay, occupy, enter, maintain, start, come, arrive.

sticks: (n) backwoods, firewood, frontier, outskirts, suburb, town, wilderness, brushwood, high sticks;

(adj) distant. stubborn: (adj) contrary, hard,

intractable, perverse, rigid, determined, persistent, refractory, tenacious, obdurate, inveterate. ANTONYMS: (adj) compliant, irresolute, flexible, amenable, docile, easygoing, malleable, agreeable, accommodating, cooperative, feeble.

told: (v) related, narrated; (adj) numbered, oral, spoken, legendary, verbal, manifest.


DUKE. If he be like your brother [to ISABELLA], for his sake Is he pardon'd; and for your lovely sake, Give me your hand and say you will be mine; He is my brother too: but fitter time for that. By this Lord Angelo perceives he's safe; Methinks I see a quick'ning in his eye.-- Well, Angelo, your evil quits you well": Look that you love your wife; her worth worth yours.-- I find an apt remission in myself; And yet here's one in place I cannot pardon.-- You, sirrah [to Lucio], that knew me for a fool, a coward, One all of luxury, an ass, a madman; Wherein have I so deserved of you That you extol me thus?

LUCIO. Faith, my lord, I spoke it but according to the trick. If you will hang me for it, you may; but I had rather it would please you I might be whipped.%

DUKE. Whipp'd first, sir, and hang'd after.-- Proclaim it, Provost, round about the city, If any woman wrong'd by this lewd fellow,-- As I have heard him swear himself there's one Whom he begot with child,--let her appear, And he shall marry her: the nuptial finish'd, Let him be whipp'd and hang'd.

LUCIO. I beseech your highness, do not marry me to a whore! Your highness said even now I made you a duke; good my lord, do not recompense me in making me a cuckold.

Thesaurus

cuckold: (v) deceive, cheat on, cheat, delude, cuckoldize, abandon, chouse, cornute, cozen; (n) hubby, cokewold.

deserved: (v) merited, richly deserved; (adj) appropriate, due, fitting, just, earned, suitable, rightful, adequate, required.

extol: (v) exalt, eulogize, laud, applaud, celebrate, acclaim, glorify, praise, admire, compliment, magnify. ANTONYMS: (v) discredit, condemn, denigrate, decry, disparage,

deprecate. highness: (n) excellency, altitude,

loftiness, nobility, greatness, eminence, size, stateliness, majesty, high, grandeur.

lewd: (adj) indecent, dirty, bawdy, filthy, abandoned, carnal, lustful, impure, debauched; (adj, v) lecherous, dissolute. ANTONYMS: (adj) decent, refined, chaste, clean.

quits: (n) quit, par, even, equal, abandon, leave, quittance, a wash.

remission: (n, v) pardon, forgiveness; (n) relief, ease, condonation, absolution, remittance, remitment, abatement, intermission; (v) relaxation.

trick: (n, v) deceive, cheat, fraud, deceit, joke, sham, con; (n) prank, deception, device; (v) mislead. ANTONYMS: (n) frankness, honesty, misunderstanding, seriousness, truthfulness; (adj) real, genuine, innocent.


DUKE. Upon mine honour, thou shalt marry her. Thy slanders I forgive; and therewithal Remit thy other forfeits.--Take him to prison; And see our pleasure herein executed.%

LUCIO. Marrying a punk, my lord, is pressing to death, whipping, and hanging.

DUKE. Slandering a prince deserves it.-- [Exeunt Officers with LUCIO.] She, Claudio, that you wrong'd, look you restore.-- Joy to you, Mariana!--Love her, Angelo; I have confess'd her, and I know her virtue.-- Thanks, good friend Escalus, for thy much goodness There's more behind that is more gratulate. Thanks, Provost, for thy care and secrecy; We shall employ thee in a worthier place.-- Forgive him, Angelo, that brought you home The head of Ragozine for Claudio's: The offence pardons itself.--Dear Isabel, I have a motion much imports your good; Whereto if you'll a willing ear incline, What's mine is yours, and what is yours is mine:-- So, bring us to our palace; where we'll show What's yet behind that's meet you all should know. [Exeunt.]

Thesaurus

employ: (v) use, apply, exploit, consume, wield, hire, engage, exercise, work, busy, utilize. ANTONYMS: (v) fire, dismiss, can, ignore, misuse, sack, underuse; (n) unemployment.

forgive: (v) absolve, excuse, acquit, remit, pardon, justify, to forgive, exonerate, overlook, clear, to excuse. ANTONYMS: (v) condemn, punish, castigate.

herein: (adv) here, therein.

motion: (n) action, movement, gesticulation, play, exercise, passage; (n, v) wave, sign, signal; (v) beckon, gesticulate. ANTONYMS: (n) inertia, motionlessness, inactivity, stillness; (v) dismiss.

palace: (n) castle, mansion, hall, alcazar, chateau, palazzo, house, palaces, regime, fortress, serai.

pressing: (adj, v) exigent, importunate, important; (adj) imperative, immediate, imperious, instant,

critical, insistent; (n) dishing, press. ANTONYM: (adj) mild.

willing: (adj, adv) disposed; (adj) spontaneous, voluntary, ready, amenable, inclined, prepared, enthusiastic, unforced, obliging; (adj, v) consenting. ANTONYMS: (adj) unwilling, reluctant, compulsory, disagreeable, unprepared, forced, unenthusiastic, unhelpful.


GLOSSARY

abhor: (v) hate, detest, abominate,

execrate, despise, dislike, nauseate, disdain, scorn, resent, dread. ANTONYMS: (v) adore, approve, like, cherish, embrace, relish, treasure, admire

abide: (v) endure, bide, undergo, tolerate, take, suffer, stomach, bear, brook; (adj, v) stay, dwell. ANTONYMS: (v) check, depart, disallow, disapprove, disbelieve, journey, dodge, leave, migrate, move, pass

abominable: (adj, v) odious, foul; (adj) abhorrent, detestable, dreadful, awful, execrable, terrible, loathsome, cursed, wicked. ANTONYMS: (adj) nice, lovable, admirable, alluring, appealing, commendable, laudable, delightful, desirable, enjoyable, likable

above: (adv, prep) beyond, aloft, on, in excess of; (adv) up, supra, on top; (adj) preceding, former; (adj, prep) past; (prep) surpassing. ANTONYMS: (prep) beneath, under, deficient, underneath; (adj) inferior, following

abroad: (adj, adv) overseas, away; (adv) afield, forth, beyond seas, yonder, farther, at large, further; (adj) foreign, out. ANTONYMS: (adj) remaining, nearby

absence: (n) absenteeism, deficiency, lack, default, dearth, want, nonattendance, scarcity, paucity, shortage, privation. ANTONYMS: (n) attendance, existence, fulfillment, inclusion, occurrence, abundance, glut, confirmation, supply, excess

absent: (adj) wanting, inattentive, not present, preoccupied, lost, missing, faraway, nonexistent, absentminded, out; (adj, adv) off. ANTONYMS: (adj) alert, attendant, attending, existing, here, real,

attentive; (adv) in, visible absolute: (adj) total, unconditional,

downright, full, categorical, utter, sheer; (adj, v) peremptory, unqualified; (adj, n) positive, real. ANTONYMS: (adj) partial, qualified, incomplete, limited, provisional, uncertain, democratic, blemished, circumscribed, comparative, complaisant

absolutely: (adv) entirely, completely, fully, purely, utterly, perfectly, totally, categorically, definitely, thoroughly; (adv, int) certainly. ANTONYMS: (adv) partly, doubtfully, questionably, somewhat, moderately, indefinitely, incompletely, fairly, conditionally, probably, possibly

abstinence: (n) temperance, abstention, forbearance, sobriety, chastity, soberness, celibacy, teetotalism, fast, abstinency, restraint. ANTONYMS: (n) excess, intoxication, revelry, intemperance, drunkenness, dissipation, extravagance, wantonness

abuse: (n, v) affront, insult, outrage, reproach, harm, wrong; (v) mistreat, injure, violate; (adj, v) maltreat, profane. ANTONYMS: (n, v) respect; (v) compliment, protect, nurture, laud, honor, help, flatter; (n) compliments, kindness, flattery

access: (n, v) approach; (n) admission, entry, entree, admittance, gate, entranceway, entryway, opening, outburst; (v) enter. ANTONYMS: (n) exit, outlet, egress, exclusion; (v) seal

accident: (n) casualty, crash, coincidence, fortune, smash, incident, hazard, hap, luck, event, fortuity. ANTONYMS: (n) certainty, design, intention, intent, calculation

accidental: (adj) casual, unintentional, adventitious,

unintended, incidental, chance, random, unforeseen, unexpected, contingent, haphazard. ANTONYMS: (adj) deliberate, designed, intended, planned, premeditated

accommodations: (n) house, housing, lodging, habitat

according: (adj) pursuant, consonant, equal, agreeable, harmonious, conformable, consistent, corresponding, respondent; (adv) correspondingly, accordingly

accordingly: (adv) therefore, thus, so, then, ergo, as a result, correspondingly, according, appropriately, as a consequence, properly. ANTONYM: (adv) unsuitable

accurst: (adj) cursed, execrable, maledict, curst

accusation: (n) complaint, charge, accusal, blame, allegation, condemnation, insinuation, denunciation, indictment, inculpation, impeachment. ANTONYMS: (n) exoneration, argument, compliment

accuse: (v) charge, incriminate, arraign, denounce, defame, criminate, indict, fault, betray, condemn, inculpate. ANTONYMS: (v) absolve, exculpate, exonerate, praise, support, clear

accused: (n) panel, defendant, prisoner, respondent, suspect, suspected person

ache: (n, v) hunger, pain, hurt, yen; (n) twinge, thirst; (v) long, yearn, itch, smart, pine. ANTONYMS: (v) help, assist; (n) comfort, ease, health, relief, joy

acknowledge: (v) recognize, confess, accept, profess, own, admit, concede, appreciate, notice, declare, approve. ANTONYMS: (v) ignore, overlook, reject, repudiate, snub,


refuse, renounce, abjure, disavow, disregard, refute

acquainted: (adj) knowledgeable, informed, aware, cognizant, conversant, hand and glove, intimate, thick; (adv) abreast; (v) inform, acquaint

acting: (adj) interim, active, temporary, pro Tem, provisional, agent, substitute; (n) drama, business, portrayal, playing

action: (n, v) achievement, deed; (n) battle, play, performance, movement, accomplishment, agency, activity, fight, effect. ANTONYMS: (n) inaction, inactivity, inactiveness, ambush, stillness

actions: (n) proceedings, behaviour, deeds, deportment, background, behavior, events, activities

actor: (n, v) doer, performer; (n) player, agent, thespian, comedian, entertainer, mimic, histrion, artiste, impersonator. ANTONYMS: (n) fan, spectator

a-day: (n) target date added: (adj) additional, further, extra,

more, supplementary, accessorial, adscititious, supplemental, ancillary, other, new. ANTONYM: (adj) subtracted

adieu: (int, n) farewell; (n) vale, valediction, goodbye, leave, cheerio, adios, bye, so long, parting; (int) bon voyage. ANTONYM: (n) greeting

admit: (n, v) allow; (adj, v) acknowledge; (v) concede, accede, grant, affirm, confess, include, permit, take, welcome. ANTONYMS: (v) reject, exclude, bar, dispute, gainsay, withhold, refuse, oust, hide, eject, dismiss

admitted: (v) admitting, understood, of course; (adj) acknowledged, undisputed, known, orthodox

admonition: (n) advice, caution, admonishment, reproof, exhortation, lesson, counsel, monition, caveat, censure, rebuke. ANTONYM: (n) approval

adulterous: (adj) unfaithful, illicit, adulterine, bastard, cheating, disloyal, false, untrue, extracurricular. ANTONYMS: (adj) clean, chaste, pure

adultery: (n) infidelity, criminal conversation, adulterer, falseness, treachery, betrayal, faithlessness, love affair; (adj) advoutry, crim, harlotry. ANTONYMS: (n) faithfulness, fidelity

advantage: (n) privilege, behalf, profit, good, preponderance, account, lead, virtue, expediency, perk; (n, v) boot. ANTONYMS: (n, v) disadvantage; (n) drawback, difficulty, detriment, hindrance, minus, restriction, obstacle, loss, inferiority, inconvenience

advantaged: (adj) privileged, fortunate

adverse: (adj) unfavorable, contrary, untoward, hostile, harmful, adversary, repugnant, counter, pernicious, noisome; (adj, n) opposite. ANTONYMS: (adj) helpful, fortunate, aiding, beneficial, positive, advantageous, agreeable, desirable, pleasant, harmless

advice: (n) warning, counsel, caution, report, exhortation, council, tidings, counselling, notice, intelligence, instruction. ANTONYMS: (n) misrepresentation, deceit, deception, lie, falsehood, betrayal, warning

advise: (v) recommend, propose, warn, inform, acquaint, suggest, notify, announce, tell, offer, forewarn. ANTONYMS: (v) betray, deceive, delude, fool, trick

advised: (adj) studied, considered, premeditated, deliberate, calculated, intended; (v) determinate, express, designed

affair: (n) occurrence, event, business, concern, occasion, job, topic, duty, subject, amour, thing

affairs: (n) dealings, concern, circumstances, transaction, occupation, duty, matters, matter, personal business, gear, finances

affect: (v) move, impress, pretend, act, strike, fake, feign, stir, dispose; (n) sentiment; (n, v) regard

affection: (n) charity, attachment, fondness, heart, love, disease, nature, feeling, affectionateness, tenderness, kindness. ANTONYMS: (n) disgust, neglect, malice, loathing, dislike, detachment, coldness, roughness

affections: (n) bosom affianced: (adj, v) betrothed; (adj)

intended, busy, occupied, trothplight, pledged, contract, committed, attached; (v) bound; (n) fiance

afflict: (n, v) pain, distress; (v) trouble, grieve, torment, hurt, strike, aggrieve, smite, bother, disturb. ANTONYMS: (v) aid, comfort, encourage, help, soothe

afflicted: (adj) miserable, distressed,

stricken, pitiful, sorrowful, ill, woeful, dejected, sorry; (v) afflict, displeased

afoot: (n) afloat, prevalent; (v) on foot, on the tapis, agoing; (adv) walking, abroach; (adj) underway, itinerant, current

afternoon: (n) Pm, farewell, greeting, P, salutation, in the afternoon, daytime, noon, postmeridian, midday, daylight. ANTONYMS: (n) morning, nighttime

afterward: (adv, conj) then, after that; (adv) thereafter, afterwards, later, subsequently, later on, next, soon; (adj) following; (n) future. ANTONYMS: (adv) now, previously, before

afterwards: (adv) afterward, subsequently, later, thereafter, later on, next, behind, thereupon; (adj) following, subsequent; (n) termination

again: (adv) more, then, repeatedly, anew, encore, furthermore, yet, also, often, once again, once more

against: (adj, adv) counter; (prep) toward, versus, from; (pref) by; (v) oppose; (adv, prep) on; (n) opposition; (adj) unwilling, repugnant; (adv) athwart. ANTONYMS: (prep) for; (adj) eager

aged: (adj) senile, elderly, older, hoary, ripe, venerable, ancient, senior, decrepit, antique, antiquated. ANTONYMS: (adj) youthful, new, fresh, green, unripe, unseasoned, smooth

agent: (n, v) broker, actor; (n) medium, deputy, mediator, instrument, factor, surrogate, attorney, channel, procurator. ANTONYMS: (n) principal, patriot

ages: (n) time out of mind, time immemorial, coon's age, blue moon, month of Sundays

agree: (v) admit, acknowledge, acquiesce, adjust, concord, bargain, suit, accede, harmonize, fit; (n, v) coincide. ANTONYMS: (v) oppose, differ, argue, refuse, object, refute, conflict, fight, dispute, decline, contend

agreed: (adj) unanimous, approved, set, united, in agreement, accepted, agreeable; (adv, int) all right; (int) okay; (v) content; (adv) no question. ANTONYMS: (adj) changing, individual

agreeing: (adj) concurring, concordant, assentient, accordant, suitable, harmonious, in accord, in


agreement; (n) assenting; (v) agree, accept. ANTONYM: (adj) conflicting

alas: (adv) unluckily, regrettably, sadly, unhappily, sorry to say; (n) oh; (int) lackaday. ANTONYM: (adv) luckily

alive: (adj) live, vivacious, living, sensible, delicate, snappy, animated, lively, spry, responsive; (n) life. ANTONYMS: (adj) deceased, inanimate, unanimated, dispirited, dull, inactive, lethargic, lifeless, listless, nonfunctioning, sluggish

allied: (adj) related, confederate, united, cognate, connected, joined, relative, near, associated, linked, confederative. ANTONYMS: (adj) unrelated, disunited, independent, sole, unfriendly, unconnected, unallied

allow: (adj, v) admit, accord; (v) agree, permit, grant, accede, acquiesce, afford, authorize, bear; (n, v) give. ANTONYMS: (v) prohibit, deny, reject, refuse, keep, prevent, disallow, disapprove, withstand, hold, outlaw

allowed: (adj) allowable, legal, admissible, sanctioned, authorized, legitimate, free, accepted, tolerable; (v) allow, warranted. ANTONYMS: (adj) unacceptable, unlawful, constrained

almost: (adj, adv, prep) about; (adj, adv) nearly, all but, near, nigh; (adv, prep) just about, approximately; (adv) just, mostly, virtually, most. ANTONYMS: (adv) surely, exactly, definitely, certainly

alone: (adj) forlorn, individual, lonely, lonesome; (adj, adv) only, apart; (adv) solely, entirely, exclusively, separately, individually. ANTONYMS: (adj) overshadowed, ordinary, mobbed, equaled, crowded, accompanied, common, grouped, surpassed; (adv) jointly; (n) foe

along: (adv) ahead, alongside, forwards, forth, throughout, lengthwise, onward, before; (prep) beside, from; (n) at. ANTONYMS: (adv) across, separate, apart, far

already: (adv) beforehand, previously, before, formerly, even now, just now, at present, once, heretofore, yet, in advance

altered: (adj) transformed, changed, diversified, varied, distorted, affected, castrated, malformed, misrepresented, misshapen; (v) battered. ANTONYMS: (adj)

unaltered, unadjusted always: (adv) continuously,

whenever, permanently, ever, usually, eternally, unceasingly; (adj) perpetual, still, eternal; (adj, adv) without exception. ANTONYMS: (adv) erratically, intermittently, temporarily

amazed: (adj) astounded, astonished, stunned, dumbfounded, flabbergasted, shocked, staggered, bewildered, surprised, thunderstruck, aghast

amazement: (n) admiration, wonder, surprise, consternation, stupefaction, stupor, wonderment, feeling, alarm, jolt; (v) amaze. ANTONYMS: (n) preparation, indifference, expectation, coolness, cool, composure, calmness, contempt, belief

ambush: (n, v) ambuscade, trap, attack, assault; (v) wait, waylay, intercept, lurk, bushwhack, surprise; (n) lying in wait. ANTONYMS: (v) retreat, surrender, release; (n) suit

amiss: (adj, adv) wrong; (adj) bad, haywire, faulty, astray, guilty; (adv) badly, poorly, awry, wrongly, adrift. ANTONYMS: (adj, adv) right; (adv) perfectly, properly, suitably, appropriately, correctly, well; (adj) okay, correct, good

ample: (adj) abundant, big, broad, copious, large, plentiful, heavy, liberal, roomy, affluent, considerable. ANTONYMS: (adj) small, meager, insufficient, scarce, sparse, scant, cramped, narrow, partial, sketchy, slender

ancient: (adj) old, obsolete, antiquated, former, past, archaic, antique, primitive, bygone, hoary; (adj, n) elder. ANTONYMS: (adj) contemporary, young, recent, fresh, new, present, youthful, current

angel: (n, v) sponsor, support; (n) backer, cherub, messenger, patron, benefactor, saint; (adj) Dulcinea, goddess; (adj, n) darling. ANTONYMS: (n) fiend, devil, jerk, demon

angry: (adj) anger, furious, provoked, incensed, vehement, fierce, irate, raging, maddened, shirty, indignation. ANTONYMS: (adj) pleased, gentle, joyful, content, euphoric, mild, happy, resigned, joyous, gleeful, quiet

anon: (adv) directly, immediately, early, readily, soon, instantly, again, forthwith, promptly, shortly, rath

another: (adj) second, more, alternative, additional, new, further, fresh, extra; (adj, v) other; (adj, pron) some other; (n) the other. ANTONYMS: (n, pron) same

answer: (n, v) respond, retort; (v) counter, serve, resolve, acknowledge, correspond; (n) solution, defence, return, reaction. ANTONYMS: (n, v) question; (v) ask, differ, fail, ignore; (n) request, problem, invitation, poison

answering: (adj) respondent, responsive, according, agreeing, responsory; (n) respondency

answers: (n) replies; (adj) answering antiquity: (n) ancientness, ancientry,

past, relic, status quo, artefact, artifact, oldness, old age, hoariness; (adj, n) age. ANTONYMS: (n) today, newness, modernity

anybody: (adv) any, each; (n, pron) any person, a person; (n) everyone, somebody, nobody, everybody, someone; (pron) whoever

anything: (adv) any, somewhat; (n) thing, aught, everything, something, any part; (adj) whatsoever; (pron) suchlike

apace: (adj, adv) speedily, quickly; (adv) fast, rapidly, hastily, soon, promptly; (adj) forthwith, immediately, incontinently, shortly. ANTONYM: (adv) slowly

apartment: (n) residence, lodging, suite, place, dwelling, chamber, room, abode, house, home, accommodation

apparel: (n, v) garb, attire, garment, array, vesture; (n) clothing, finery, costume, clothes; (v) adorn, clothe

apparent: (adj, adv) visible; (adj) discernible, patent, plain, open, obvious, ostensible, clear, definite, evident, perceptible. ANTONYMS: (adj) unclear, real, obscure, mysterious, hidden, ambiguous, unlikely, questionable, uncertain, imperceptible, doubtful

appeal: (n, v) request, demand; (n) plea, address, attraction, prayer, recourse, complaint, application; (v) sue, interest. ANTONYMS: (v) repel, disclaim, repulse, deny, refuse, disgust, revoke; (n) unpleasantness, repulsion, refusal, rejection

appear: (v) occur, seem, sound, come out, turn up, show, emerge, break, arrive, feel, arise. ANTONYMS: (v) vanish, hide, stop, sink, recede, go, depart

appears: (n) appearing


applause: (n, v) acclaim, praise; (n) admiration, approval, eulogy, compliment, plaudit, commendation, clapping, clap, ovation. ANTONYMS: (n) disapproval, Boos, booing, denigration, hisses, hissing, rejection, condemnation, criticism, jeering

appliances: (n) equipment, rig, hardware, rigging, outfit, tackle, tackling

appointed: (adj) specified, prescribed, destined, ordained, fit, set, fitted, commissioned, nominated, designated; (v) appoint

appointment: (n) assignment, date, post, designation, rendezvous, engagement, appointments, fitting, berth, blind date, conference. ANTONYM: (n) dismissal

approaching: (adj) future, forthcoming, impending, imminent, oncoming, near; (adj, n) coming; (n, v) approach; (adv) nearly, almost; (prep) toward

armour: (n) armature, buckler, armour plate, cataphract

arms: (n) armament, coat of arms, weaponry, ammunition, shield, ordnance, order, munition, hardware, blazon; (adj) armed

arraign: (v) indict, impeach, charge, denounce, prosecute, condemn; (n, v) cite; (n) apprehend, attach, distrain, commit. ANTONYMS: (v) exonerate, free, discharge, acquit, absolve

array: (adj, n) arrangement; (n, v) line, attire, garb, range, apparel, display; (v) dress, adorn, deck, clothe. ANTONYMS: (v) undress, disarrange; (n) disorder, mess, rags, individual, likeness, dearth

arrest: (n, v) halt, check, catch, capture, hold, collar; (n) apprehension, custody; (v) apprehend, retard, inhibit. ANTONYMS: (n, v) discharge; (v) liberate, promote, forward, encourage, activate, advance, prompt, help; (n) freeing, liberation

arrested: (adj) apprehended, halted, backward, in remission, inactive, intermittent

article: (n) thing, object, chapter, feature, commodity, composition, ware, entity, discourse, essay, column

ashamed: (adj) hangdog, guilty, embarrassed, sheepish, remorseful, regretful, bashful, disconcerted,

contrite, chagrined; (v) dashed. ANTONYMS: (adj) proud, arrogant, unremorseful, unashamed, pleased, blatant, bold, happy, unabashed, unrepentant

aside: (adv) apart, away, beside, alongside, in reserve, off, abreast; (adj, adv) by; (n) digression, divagation, parenthesis. ANTONYMS: (adv) erectly, uprightly, vertically

assault: (n, v) storm, violence, raid, charge, onset, rape, thrust; (v) assail; (n) aggression, rush, offensive. ANTONYMS: (v) defend, protect, resist; (n) defense

assay: (v) test, attempt, seek, essay, survey, assess, appraise, endeavor; (n) examination; (n, v) experiment, estimate. ANTONYMS: (v) neglect, overlook

assist: (n, v) aid, help, support; (v) abet, serve, contribute, boost, relieve, encourage, to help, facilitate. ANTONYMS: (n, v) impede, oppose; (v) thwart, disrupt, hamper, hurt, stop, worsen, shun; (n) hindrance, counteract

attempt: (n, v) endeavor, offer, struggle, assay, essay, attack; (n) effort, trial; (v) undertake, chance, aim. ANTONYMS: (n) success, fulfillment, achievement, accomplishment; (v) succeed, fulfill, achieve, accomplish, perform

attend: (n, v) tend, escort, nurse, conduct; (v) assist, serve, minister, aid, look, partake, follow. ANTONYMS: (v) neglect, leave, ignore, disregard, desert, abandon

attendants: (n) entourage, followers, retinue, tendance, persons present, suite

audible: (adj) plain, hearable, distinct, detectable, sounding, sharp, sonic, definite, discernible, perceptible, sensory. ANTONYMS: (adj) inaudible, unintelligible, undetectable, silent, faint

austereness: (n) severity, austerity, severeness

authorities: (n) polity, control, regime, federal, official authorities, palace, papacy, brain trust, ancien regime, state, empire

authority: (n) ascendancy, sanction, warrant, administration, authorization, professional, judge, hold, domination, dominance; (adj, n) rule. ANTONYMS: (n) novice, neophyte, weakness, apprentice, servility, servitude, refusal,

powerlessness, insecurity, inferiority, indecisiveness

avail: (n, v) advantage, assist, aid, profit, benefit, help; (adj, n) service; (n) good, assistance, utility; (v) do. ANTONYMS: (v) useless, hurt, hinder, harm; (n) inappropriateness

avoid: (v) shun, parry, avert, escape, evade, ward off, duck, circumvent, prevent, ignore; (adj, v) eschew. ANTONYMS: (v) associate, tackle, face, validate, participate, invite, seek, embrace, court, permit, encourage

avouch: (v) assert, affirm, asseverate, ensure, declare, admit, acknowledge, protest, vouch, warrant; (n, v) avow. ANTONYM: (v) disavow

awake: (v) wake, awaken, realize, waken; (adj) alive, alert, attentive, conscious, keen, intelligent; (adj, v) broad awake. ANTONYMS: (adj) unconscious, sleeping, comatose, sleepy, relaxed; (v) deaden, lull, sleep

awakens: (adj) awakened away: (adj, adv) abroad, absent; (adj,

adv, int) out; (adj) distant; (adv) aside, aloof, afar, way, by, forth; (adv, int) off. ANTONYMS: (adj) adjacent, neighboring, nearby, near, close; (adv) intermittently, haltingly, discontinuously, in

awhile: (adj) in transitu, en passant; (adv) briefly

baby: (n) babe, child, darling; (v) pamper, indulge, coddle, mollycoddle, spoil; (adj, n) miniature, young; (adj) small. ANTONYMS: (v) ignore, neglect; (adj) large, mature, big; (n) parent, adolescent, adult, grownup

bachelor: (adj) single, unmarried, unattached; (n) unmarried man, graduate, knight bachelor, widower, old bachelor, spinster, adult male, agamist. ANTONYMS: (adj) married; (n) husband

badness: (n) evil, wickedness, evilness, ill, naughtiness, disobedience, intensity, intensiveness, quality, roguishness, viciousness. ANTONYMS: (n) goodness, decency, good

bail: (n) pledge, surety, security, handle, guarantee, bond, ballium, assurance, undertaking; (v) deliver, consign

bait: (v) badger, tease; (adj, v) molest, harass, harry; (n, v) lure, bribe; (n) decoy, snare, temptation, attraction.


ANTONYMS: (v) repel, repulse, pacify, mollify, please

banish: (v) dispel, expel, displace, relegate, oust, expatriate, eject, dismiss, transport, cast out; (adj, v) exile. ANTONYMS: (v) keep, embrace, adopt, invite, include

bare: (adj) naked, austere, bald, stark, bleak, exposed, desolate, plain; (adj, v) empty, vacant; (v) show. ANTONYMS: (adj) cultivated, ornate, concealed, elaborate, adorned, decorated, dressed, clothed, embellished; (v) cover, conceal

bared: (adj) naked, unclothed, exposed

bark: (n, v) skin, yelp, snarl, cry, rind, shout; (v) growl, roar; (n) bay, peel, crust. ANTONYMS: (n, v) whisper

base: (adj) abject, mean, dishonorable, low, vile, ignoble, bad, contemptible; (n) foundation; (n, v) ground; (v) found. ANTONYMS: (n) top, summit, frill, ceiling, apex; (adj) noble, honest, good, principled, grand, pleasant

baseness: (n) meanness, despicability, evil, depravity, wickedness, dirtiness, unworthiness, iniquity, infamy, lowness, villainy. ANTONYM: (n) goodness

bastard: (adj, n) illegitimate, fake; (adj) spurious, phony, misbegotten, bastardly, adulterine, impure; (n) whoreson, love child, illegitimate child. ANTONYM: (adj) fathered

bathe: (adj, v) steep, lave, immerse, soak; (v) take a bath, tub, clean, rinse, bath; (n, v) swim; (n) bathing. ANTONYMS: (v) smudge, stain, soil, dip

battery: (n) troop, cell, barrage, army, suite, company, artillery, assault and battery, barrage fire, primary cell, squad

bawd: (n) prostitute, fancy woman, whore, cocotte, trollop, hooker, tart, streetwalker, harlot, woman, pimp

bawdy: (adj) coarse, gross, obscene, smutty, naughty, raunchy, risque, vulgar, lewd, loose; (n) bawdry. ANTONYMS: (adj) refined, clean, chaste, proper

bear: (v) accept, take, stand, acquit, abide, allow, wear, comport, tolerate, convey, teem. ANTONYMS: (v) release, avoid, destroy, dodge, take, eradicate, evade, kill, refuse, erase; (n) bull

beard: (v) defy, dare; (adj, v) brave; (adj, n) hair; (n) whiskers,

moustache, sloven, facial hair; (n, v) camouflage, disguise, mask. ANTONYM: (n) shaven

bears: (n) fissiped, badgers, Carnivora, order Carnivora

beast: (n) animal, monster, swine, fiend, creature, scavenger, savage, critter, animate being, barbarian; (adj) bear. ANTONYM: (n) man

beastly: (adj) animal, disgusting, horrid, bestial, brute; (adj, v) nasty, abominable, offensive; (adv) ugly, brutally, brutely. ANTONYMS: (adv) civilized, cultured, kind, good, refined, humane, inoffensive; (adj) lovely, pleasant

beasts: (n) stock beat: (n, v) pulse, throb, tick, flap,

knock; (v) batter, whip, trounce, pulsate, bat; (n) round. ANTONYMS: (v) protect, help, divide, cede, aid, separate, surrender; (adj) invigorated, energized; (n) caress, pat

beats: (n) beat, beatniks, Beat Generation

beauty: (n) attractiveness, beaut, charm, pulchritude, loveliness, exquisiteness, grace, grandeur, looker, good looks; (adj) beautiful. ANTONYMS: (n) hag, plainness, shortcoming, flaw, witch, dog, disadvantage, detraction, repulsiveness, eyesore, awkwardness

become: (v) grow, suit, be, match, come about, arise, get, sit, to become, fall; (adj) becoming. ANTONYMS: (v) halt, stay, lower, stop, reduce, clash

becomes: (v) become beef: (n, v) grumble, moan, grouse,

squawk, groan; (n) complaint, ox, fuss, beeves; (v) grouch, complain. ANTONYMS: (n) impotence, praise; (v) rejoice

beetle: (v) project, jut, bulge; (adj) beetling, impend, bestride, mount, ride, protrusive; (n) mallet; (adj, v) hang over

befall: (v) bechance, become, happen, fall, arise, come about, occur, betide, chance, transpire, pass

before: (adv) ahead, ago, in front, previously, already, forth; (adv, prep) fore, afore; (adj) preceding, prior; (adj, adv) earlier. ANTONYMS: (adv, prep) later, behind, afterward, after; (adv) subsequently, ahead; (adj) subsequent

beggar: (n) mendicant, mumper,

pauper, tramp, sponger, joker, poor man, cadger, bloke; (v) beg, pauperize. ANTONYM: (n) giver

beggary: (n) poverty, want, begging, penury, pauperism, need, indigence, solicitation, misery, squalor, destitution

begin: (v) commence, arise, initiate, become, enter, rise, originate, undertake, create, dawn, set out. ANTONYMS: (v) end, stop, cease, terminate, die, delay, complete, conclude

beginning: (n) commencement, derivation, birth, start, opening, origin, begin, onset, debut, kickoff; (adj) original. ANTONYMS: (n) finish, finale, conclusion, demise, ending, culmination, closing, departure, expiration, termination, middle

begot: (v) beget behind: (adj, n) back, rear; (adj, adv)

backward, late; (adv) backwards, later, aback, beyond; (n) backside, can; (prep) abaft. ANTONYMS: (adj, adv) early; (adv) fore; (adj) prompt

behold: (v) see, view, contemplate, regard, perceive, observe, look, consider, discern, descry, watch. ANTONYMS: (v) Miss, disregard, ignore, overlook

beholding: (n) fusion, seeing, visual perception, look

believe: (n) belief, believing; (v) assume, conceive, consider, reckon, guess, accredit, to believe, understand; (n, v) trust. ANTONYMS: (v) distrust, doubt, question, suspect, reject, discredit, deny, despair

belike: (adv) probably, likely, presumably, perhaps, believably, in all probability

belly: (n) stomach, inside, pregnancy, maw, bowels, intestines, waist, corporation; (v) balloon, swell, bloat

beloved: (adj, n) dear, darling, favorite, pet; (adj) precious, loved, cherished; (n) love, dearest, honey, sweetheart. ANTONYMS: (adj) detested, despised, disliked

below: (adv, prep) under, underneath; (adj) low; (adj, adv) after; (adv) down, infra, downstairs, at a lower place, downwards, down below; (prep) less than. ANTONYMS: (adv, prep) over; (prep) more; (adv) upstairs

bend: (n, v) bow, turn, arch, arc, crook, twist, elbow; (adj, n, v) curve; (v) stoop, crouch; (adj, v) flex.


ANTONYMS: (n, v) square; (v) align, unbend, leave

bending: (n) bow, bend, deflection, deflexion, refraction, flexure, crook; (adj) flexible, supple, winding, pliant. ANTONYM: (adj) stiff

benefit: (n, v) aid, assist, profit, avail, help, gain, favor; (n) good, assistance, service, interest. ANTONYMS: (n) loss, drawback, ill, detriment, hindrance; (n, v) harm; (v) hinder, hurt, injure, impair, disfavor

beseech: (v) beg, crave, implore, ask, request, adjure, pray, sue, appeal, solicit, plead. ANTONYMS: (v) give, offer, grant, reject

beside: (adv) on, abreast, aside, closely, nearly; (prep) about; (adv, prep) besides; (adj) adjacent; (n) while, at; (adj, prep) near

besides: (adv) as well, moreover, too, furthermore, again, as well as, anyway, additionally; (prep) apart from, beside; (adj, adv) more

best: (adj, n) supreme, most, elite; (adj) superior, great, leading, choice, superlative; (v) beat, outdo; (adj, n, v) top. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) worst; (v) lose, surrender; (adj) minimum, lowest, least, inferior, incorrect, fewest; (n) loser; (adv) insincerely

bethink: (v) recollect, mull, remind, recall, think, reflect, ponder, speculate, ruminate, consider, contemplate

betimes: (adv) early, soon, anon, rath, betime, ahead of time, rathe

betray: (v) deceive, bewray, sell, grass, dupe, reveal, mislead, disclose, accuse, befool, bamboozle. ANTONYMS: (v) protect, undeceive, hide, defend, withhold

betrothed: (adj) affianced, intended, bespoken, busy, occupied, contracted, attached, bargained for; (n) fiance, fiancee; (v) engage

better: (adj, v) improve, mend; (adj, adv, v) best; (v) recover, ameliorate, emend, reform, advance, enhance, surpass; (n) bettor. ANTONYMS: (adj, adv) worse; (adj, n) inferior; (v) worsen, deteriorate; (adj) lesser, lower, tinier, ill, unhealthy, smaller, sicker

bigger: (adj) greater, larger, better, major, largest, biggest, big, large, great, vast, wide. ANTONYM: (adj) lesser

birds: (n) aves, class Aves, Craniata, flora and fauna, natural world, nature, subphylum Craniata,

Subphylum Vertebrata, Vertebrata, amphibians

bite: (n, v) nip, cut, taste, hurt, pain; (v) pinch, chew, erode, gnaw, eat; (n) morsel. ANTONYMS: (n) lot, whole, mildness

biting: (adj, v) acute, acrid, sarcastic, sharp, acrimonious, pungent, severe, cutting; (adj) acid, bitter, barbed. ANTONYMS: (adj) mild, blunt, kind, bland, nice, soothing, sweet, hot, complimentary, faint, sympathetic

bits: (n) odds and ends, scraps, debris bitter: (adj, v) acrimonious, acrid;

(adj) sharp, acid, malicious, caustic, virulent, sour, resentful, keen, acerbic. ANTONYMS: (adj) mild, charitable, hot, sugary, kind, wonderful, warm, pleasant, nice, agreeable, gentle

bitterly: (adv) bitingly, sourly, fiercely, cruelly, caustically, harshly, poignantly, piercingly, cuttingly, rancorously, acrimoniously. ANTONYMS: (adv) harmoniously, sweetly, warmly, gladly, agreeably, kindly, friendly

black: (adj) sable, dark, ebony, colored, bleak, dirty, evil, nigger, darkie, unclean; (adj, n) blackamoor. ANTONYMS: (v) whiten; (adj) spotless, snowy, saintly, pale, optimistic, merry, light, angelic, ivory, bright

blaspheme: (adj, v) desecrate, profane; (v) swear, defile, damn, cuss, imprecate, utter, violate; (adj) be impious, scoff. ANTONYM: (v) consecrate

blasphemy: (n) profanity, desecration, violation, profanation, oath, irreverence, curse, profaneness, discourtesy, cursing, insult. ANTONYMS: (n) adoration, respect, reverence

blasting: (adj) ruinous, blaring, cold, destructive; (n) grit blasting, burst, explosion, excavation, mining, getting, advertising

blench: (v) blanch, recoil, quail, blink, flinch, bleach, shrink back, shrink, cringe, cower, whiten

blessed: (adj) happy, holy, cursed, sacred, damned, hallowed, blasted, fortunate, saintly, lucky, divine. ANTONYMS: (adj) unlucky, condemned, damned, disapproved, unhappy, unholy, secular

block: (n, v) arrest, barricade, stop, clog; (n) pad; (v) hinder, plug, encumber, lock, obstruct; (adj, n)

lump. ANTONYMS: (v) free, unblock, open, remember, unclog, clear, release, promote, help, encourage; (n) opening

blood: (n) birth, gore, nature, origin, kindred, lineage, descent, family, beau, pedigree; (adj) juice

bloody: (adj) brutal, bleeding, ruddy, bloodthirsty, sanguineous, sanguine, savage, bloodstained, damned, raw; (adv) damn. ANTONYMS: (adj) easy, soft

blossoming: (n) bloom, florescence, flowering, anthesis, blossom, efflorescence, inflorescence, ontogeny, ontogenesis; (adj) budding, growing. ANTONYM: (adj) failing

blow: (n) beat, knock, shock, wallop, gust, jolt; (adj, n, v) gasp, puff; (n, v) blast, slap; (v) squander. ANTONYMS: (n, v) calm; (v) save, conserve, store, stillness, inhale, come, arrive; (n) luck, comfort, caress

blown: (adj) puffy, panting, swollen, winded, inflated, moving, high, haughty lofty, late; (v) puffing and blowing; (n) blowen

blunt: (adj, v) dull, deaden; (adj) bluff, plain, direct, forthright, frank, candid, outspoken, round, abrupt. ANTONYMS: (v) hone, sharpen, point, accentuate, needle; (adj) devious, pointed, thoughtful, polite, guarded, gentle

body: (n) cadaver, corpse, organization, cluster, set, carcass, figure, consistency, aggregate, association; (adj, n) mass. ANTONYMS: (n) handful, mind, minority, soul, few

bohemian: (n) Gypsy, Romany, palmer, hadji, pilgrim, unconventional, vagabond, maverick, nomad; (adj, n) nonconformist; (adj) raffish

boil: (adj, n, v) seethe; (v) bubble, churn, ferment, burn, fume; (adj, n) abscess; (adj, v) simmer; (n) furuncle, blister, pimple. ANTONYMS: (v) cool, chill, assuage, appease, ice, calm

bold: (adj) adventurous, audacious, manly, arrogant, intrepid, fearless, spirited, heroic, daring, courageous, stalwart. ANTONYMS: (adj) timid, modest, afraid, meek, shy, light, courteous, discreet, faint, fearful, abashed

boldness: (n) prowess, face, daring, valor, nerve, assurance, heroism,


audaciousness, spirit, cheek, valour. ANTONYMS: (n) cowardice, shyness, timidity, meekness, reticence

bondage: (n) thrall, thraldom, thralldom, slavery, captivity, enslavement, duress, restraint, yoke, vassalage; (adj, n) villenage. ANTONYMS: (n) independence, emancipation, freedom

bonds: (n) securities, stock, stocks, handcuffs, irons, chains, servitude, common stock, confinement, preferred stock

bones: (n) bone, frame, corpse, dry bones, framework, maraca, physician, finger cymbals, tymbal, wreck, timbrel

book: (v) order, reserve, inscribe, apply, write; (n) account book, pamphlet, journal, volume; (n, v) list, record. ANTONYMS: (v) free, exonerate

boot: (n, v) kick; (n) boots, Wellingtons, bang, gain, jackboot, buskin, kicking, charge, shoe, bootikin

bore: (v) dig, tire, pierce, tap, annoy, perforate; (n, v) bother, plague; (n) auger, well, gimlet. ANTONYMS: (v) fascinate, excite, hypnotize, engage, entertain, stimulate; (n) charmer, exciter, excitement, pleasure

born: (adj) native, natural, congenital, inbred, inborn, innate, inherent, untutored; (v) be born, to be born, arise. ANTONYMS: (adj) learned, unborn, acquired, trained

borne: (adj) weak, wanting, spoony, soft, sappy, shallow, little, limited

borrow: (v) adopt, lend, appropriate, to borrow, assume, take, accept, acquire, plagiarize, cadge, get. ANTONYMS: (v) give, invent, loan, originate, return

bosom: (n) heart, interior, boob, thorax, chest, bust, tit; (n, v) embrace; (v) cherish, hug; (adj) intimate. ANTONYMS: (n) outside, exteriority

bottle: (n) container, jug, flask, cruet, vial, pot, phial, jar, decanter, carboy; (n, v) can

bottom: (n) basis, backside, bed, behind, foot, footing, back, foundation, posterior, floor; (n, v) ground. ANTONYMS: (n) pinnacle, summit, peak, roof, apex, ceiling, middle; (adj) highest

bound: (n, v) leap, jump, border, bounce, limit, edge, vault, recoil; (n)

boundary, barrier, compass. ANTONYMS: (v) allow, amble, crawl, limp, permit; (adj) permitted, released, unbound, allowed, unlikely

bounteous: (adj) bountiful, liberal, ample, copious, plentiful, bighearted, generous, munificent, handsome, benevolent, affluent. ANTONYM: (adj) scarce

bowels: (n) gut, compassion, pity, inside, bowel, viscera, innards, belly, guts, insides, intestines

brains: (n) cleverness, intellect, intelligence, sense, mind, wisdom, pate, wit, wits, reason; (adj, n) head. ANTONYM: (n) stupidity

brakes: (n) brake system bran: (adj) farina, sporule, flour,

paddy, rice, meal; (n) stubble, cellulose, roughage, fiber, bren

brave: (adj, n) bold, hardy; (adj) audacious, fearless, courageous, virile, intrepid, valiant; (adj, v) endure; (v) defy, face. ANTONYMS: (adj) cowardly, frightened, pathetic, gutless, afraid, cautious, fainthearted, meek, mousy, nervous; (v) skip

bravery: (n) courage, fortitude, audacity, valor, boldness, mettle, nerve, manhood, valiancy, heart, heroism. ANTONYMS: (n) fear, anxiety, fearfulness, timidity

brawling: (adj) quarrelsome, blatant, noisy, boisterous, active, belligerent, bawling, disorderly, pugnacious; (n) affray

bread: (n) livelihood, bun, maintenance, cash, currency, loot, dough, pelf, food, sustenance, kale

break: (n, v) crack, fracture, breach, burst, rupture, stop, pause; (n) interruption, respite, suspension; (v) infringe. ANTONYMS: (v) obey, honor, lose, make, observe, resume, stay, strengthen; (n, v) mend; (n) continuation, misfortune

breath: (n) wind, air, inspiration, puff, soul, aspiration, respite, airflow; (v) breathe, respire; (adj, n) whisper

breathe: (n, v) respire, subsist, imply; (n) breath, bespeak; (adj, n, v) live; (v) exhale, exist, emit, rest, be. ANTONYMS: (v) suffocate, hide, choke, asphyxiate, drain, die, inhale

breather: (n) rest, breathing space, respite, break, intermission, recess, lull, pause, suspension, truce, interval

bribe: (n) bribery, boodle, lure,

payment, payoff; (v) corrupt, fix, pay off, pervert, blackmail; (n, v) reward

bridget: (n) saint Brigid, bride, saint Bridget, Brigid, St Bridget, St Brigid, St bride, saint bride

brief: (adj) concise, transient, little, abridge, short-lived, abrupt; (adj, n) abstract, summary; (n) epitome, report; (v) notify. ANTONYMS: (adj) permanent, lengthy, rambling, wordy, prolonged, extended, lasting, civil; (adv) civilly; (v) secrete, hide

bring: (v) convey, get, take, bear, carry, put, conduct, return, reduce, set, bring in. ANTONYMS: (v) drop, free, leave, lose, remove, avoid

broke: (adj) bankrupt, poor, insolvent, impecunious, penniless, impoverished, skint, bust, destitute, strapped, ruined. ANTONYMS: (adj) solvent, wealthy, affluent

brother: (n) fellow, blood brother, associate, counterpart, crony, comrade, buddy, peer, chum, sidekick, monk. ANTONYMS: (n) enemy, opposer, opponent

brow: (n) peak, brink, brows, height, summit, forehead, eyebrow, edge, crown, brim, border. ANTONYM: (n) trough

brown: (adj, n) brunette; (adj) tanned, swarthy, dark; (v) sear, cook, fry; (n) tan, coffee, brownness, mahogany

bruise: (n, v) hurt, wound; (v) crush, pound, mash, contuse, grind, bray; (n) contusion, hematoma; (adj, n) buffet

build: (n, v) make, shape; (v) erect, establish, raise, rise, found, base, fabricate, fashion; (n) frame. ANTONYMS: (v) destroy, dismantle, raze, overturn, obliterate, decrease, decelerate, ruin, disassemble

bunch: (n, v) crowd, clump, pack, bundle, group, huddle; (n) batch, lot, band, troop, gang. ANTONYMS: (v) spread, separate, scatter; (n) individual

burgher: (n) burgess, citizen, cockney, oppidan, townsman, commoner, cit, Anthony burgess

buried: (adj) hidden, covert, interred, underground, inhumed, profound, covered, ulterior; (v) perdu, imbed, embed. ANTONYMS: (adj) explicit, overt

burning: (adj) blazing, ablaze, boiling, afire, flaming, hot; (n) combustion, firing; (adj, n)


passionate, zealous, glowing. ANTONYMS: (adj) cold, trivial, cool, out, painless, quenched, soothing, unimportant, apathetic, insignificant, unconcerned

burr: (n) bit, birrus, bureau, burrel, borel, flash, pericarp; (v) pipe, jangle, clink, clank

business: (n) subject, matter, event, vocation, job, profession, affair, work, corporation, occupation; (adj, n) trade. ANTONYMS: (adj) charitable, private; (n) pleasure, avocation, fun, entertainment, hobby

caesar: (n) dictator, Gaius Julius Caesar, Julius Caesar, king

caitiff: (n) coward, villain, scoundrel, miscreant, dastard, ruffian, rascal, budmash, brute, barbarian; (adv) cowardly

call: (n, v) appeal, shout, bellow, name, yell, howl, request, appoint; (v) bid, summon; (n) call option. ANTONYMS: (v) whisper, mutter, cancel, listen, stop, suppose, murmur; (n) dismissal, give, grant, silence

called: (adj) named, titled, chosen, known as; (v) nempt, ycleped

calling: (n) business, occupation, call, avocation, job, trade, career, employment, walk, pursuit; (n, v) profession. ANTONYMS: (n) entertainment, hobby

calls: (n) securities, puts, bonds, preferred stock, common stock

calumny: (n) defamation, slander, traducement, detraction, scandal, obloquy, libel, vilification, slur, backbiting, disparagement

came: (v) arrive, come caper: (n, v) skip, bound, frolic, hop,

romp, leap, play, gambol; (n) prank, joke, antic. ANTONYM: (v) restrain

captain: (n) head, master, leader, guide, commodore, commander, boss, skipper, chieftain; (v) govern, manage. ANTONYM: (n) minion

cardinally: (adv) principally, chiefly, capitally, primarily, leadingly, mainly, foremostly, keily, basically, primely, centrally

care: (adj, n, v) anxiety; (n, v) attention, charge, worry; (n) caution, bother, concern, apprehension, aid, custody; (v) attend. ANTONYMS: (n) carelessness, recklessness, thoughtlessness, rashness, negligence, vagueness, unconcern; (n, v) disregard, dislike; (v) loathe, abhor

careless: (adj) forgetful, inattentive, insouciant, haphazard, cursory, reckless, lax, unwary, sloppy; (adj, adv) thoughtless; (adj, v) heedless. ANTONYMS: (adj) cautious, prudent, meticulous, thoughtful, diligent, attentive, thorough, wary, guarded, methodical, strict

carman: (n) coachman, driver carried: (adj) conveyed, imported carrion: (n) carcass, offal, dead body,

corpse, filth, ket, any filth, caroigne; (adj) garbage

carry: (v) convey, bring, take, conduct, acquit, behave, accept, transport, comport, hold, pack. ANTONYMS: (v) withhold, lose, censor, fail, hold, conceal

case: (n) example, box, bin, cover, jacket, shell, bag, affair, briefcase, business; (adj, n) eccentric

cast: (n, v) throw, stamp, form, fling, shape, figure; (v) shed, pitch, chuck; (n) casting, appearance. ANTONYMS: (v) refuse, receive, subtract, reject, take, gather, catch, retain, keep

catch: (n, v) capture, hook, haul, hitch, trick, grab, snatch; (v) get, apprehend, intercept; (n) pawl. ANTONYMS: (n, v) release; (v) misunderstand, unhitch, mistake, Miss, misinterpret, free, give, lose; (n) advantage, boon

cause: (n) case, action, account; (n, v) occasion, allow; (v) breed, do, induce, beget, motivate, provoke. ANTONYMS: (n) effect, result, outcome; (v) foil, deter, forestall, prevent, stop, halt, quell, retard

celerity: (n) rapidity, speed, dispatch, velocity, swiftness, quickness, expedition, fleetness, alacrity, pace, promptness. ANTONYMS: (n) leisureliness, sluggishness

censure: (n, v) accuse, reprimand, reproach, attack, animadversion, abuse; (n) accusation, condemnation; (v) carp, condemn, berate. ANTONYMS: (v) approve, commend, allow, endorse, laud, permit, sanction; (n) approval, blessing, commendation; (n, v) compliment

ceremony: (n) courtesy, celebration, ceremonial, parade, pomp, rite, ceremonies, manners, custom, ritual, pageant. ANTONYMS: (n) modesty, understatement

certain: (adj) definite, sure, assured, absolute, reliable, indisputable, dependable, unquestionable,

undeniable, unavoidable, unequivocal. ANTONYMS: (adj) unsure, doubtful, questionable, hesitant, debatable, erratic, faulty, indistinct, vague, doubting, undecided

certainty: (n) assurance, sureness, certain, trust, confidence, fact, reliability, surety, security, reality, certitude. ANTONYMS: (n) doubt, unpredictability, indecisiveness, skepticism, unknown, idealism, vagueness, fantasy, feeling, hesitation, insecurity

chair: (n, v) chairman; (n) bench, president, chairperson, throne, couch, armchair, electric chair, chairwoman; (v) moderate, lead

chance: (n, v) hazard, adventure, risk, venture, bet; (n) fortune, probability, opportunity; (adj) accidental; (adj, n) contingency; (v) befall. ANTONYMS: (adj) intentional, deliberate, designed, arranged, planned, foreseeable; (n, v) plan; (n) predictability, misfortune, certainty; (v) protect

change: (n, v) shift, barter, twist, cash; (v) alter, alternate, adapt, convert; (n) alteration, modification, variation. ANTONYMS: (v) leave, maintain, idle, hold, establish, standardize; (n) stability, bills, constancy, preservation, uniformity

changing: (adj) unsettled, shifting, variable, dynamic, moving, choppy, uncertain, various, varying, inconstant, fickle. ANTONYMS: (adj) usual, fixed

character: (n) type, part, note, role, brand, spirit, disposition; (adj, n) nature, kind, eccentric, constitution. ANTONYMS: (n) deceit, dishonor, corruption, body

characters: (n) letters, typescript, typeset, symbols, script, lettering, inscription, handwriting, font, cast, writing

charge: (n, v) blame, care, burden, commission, command, attack, bill, load, tax; (n) accusation; (v) bid. ANTONYMS: (v) request, discharge, plead, beg, compensate, aid, credit, calm; (n, v) retreat, absolve, unload

charges: (n) expenditure, dues charitable: (adj) kind, clement,

gentle, benevolent, liberal, bountiful, philanthropic, generous, humane, kindly, lenient. ANTONYMS: (adj) uncharitable, mean, nasty, tightfisted, inhumane, selfish, miserly, hard, cruel, commercial,


cheap charity: (n) dole, favor, aid, liberality,

generosity, kindness, alms, mercy, virtue; (v) almsgiving; (adj, n) brotherly love. ANTONYMS: (n) intolerance, meanness, unkindness, cruelty, malice, stinginess, cheapness, nastiness, inhumanity

chaste: (adj) virtuous, moral, virgin, modest, unsullied, austere, vestal, severe, continent, spotless, decent. ANTONYMS: (adj) corrupt, wanton, lewd, sleazy, promiscuous, immoral, dirty, defiled, impure, tainted

chastisement: (n) castigation, rebuke, discipline, punishment, penalty, reprimand, chastening, reproval, penalization, lashing, scolding. ANTONYMS: (n) persuasion, reward

chastity: (n) honor, purity, abstinence, virtue, innocence, chasteness, continence, modesty, cleanliness, austerity; (adj) honesty. ANTONYMS: (n) nymphomania, lewdness, adultery

cheap: (adj) tacky, low, stingy, base, flashy, worthless, sleazy, shabby, niggardly, mean, economical. ANTONYMS: (adj) expensive, costly, tasteful, generous, luxurious, quality, noble, inflated, precious, dear, steep

chew: (n, v) chaw, bite; (v) champ, munch, gnaw, chomp, crunch, manducate, masticate, mouth; (n) cud. ANTONYMS: (v) dismiss, ignore

child: (n) baby, babe, bairn, infant, kid, toddler, tot, girl, brat, juvenile, minor. ANTONYMS: (n) ancestor, parent

china: (v) porcelain, ceramics, crockery, pottery, ceramic ware; (n) mainland China, chinaware, magnetism, Korea, earthenware, Communist China

choke: (v) asphyxiate, block, stifle, back up, clog up, gag, suffocate, foul, strangle, smother, obstruct. ANTONYMS: (v) free, open, release, unblock

choleric: (adj) angry, irascible, passionate, peppery, fiery, cantankerous, quick-tempered, quarrelsome, cross, snappish, hotheaded

choose: (v) adopt, elect, select, pick, prefer, take, appoint, assign, decide, excerpt; (n) picking. ANTONYMS: (v) refuse, waver, decline, forgo, spurn, dislike, elect

chopped: (adj) shredded, sliced chosen: (adj, n) elect; (adj) preferred,

select, favored, named; (adj, v) designate, desired, designated; (n) deary, ducky, dearie. ANTONYMS: (adj) ignored, involuntary

cipher: (n) zero, nothing, number, nil, nobody, null; (n, v) figure, cypher, code; (v) calculate; (adj, n) nonentity. ANTONYMS: (n) infinity; (v) encode, decode, code, scramble

circumstance: (n) affair, incident, matter, event, occasion, chance, accident, opportunity, adventure, casualty, fact

citizens: (n) people, population, inhabitants, populace, public, commonwealth, country, the general public, the public, the populace

city: (adj) municipal, urban, civic, public; (n) borough, the City, burgh, village, metropolis, municipality, state. ANTONYMS: (adj) suburban, country, private

clap: (n, v) blast, boom, slam, rumble; (n) applause, clapping, gonorrhoea, smash; (v) acclaim, applaud, hit. ANTONYMS: (v) hiss, jeer

clear: (adj) clean, certain, distinct; (adj, v) acquit, absolute, free, net, absolve, empty; (adj, n) open; (v) exculpate. ANTONYMS: (adj) opaque, cloudy, incomprehensible, uncertain, dark, hazy, vague, fuzzy, obscure, confused, puzzling

cleave: (adj, v) adhere, cohere; (v) split, divide, burst, stick, tear, sever, rive, cling, break. ANTONYMS: (v) forsake, abandon, meld, relinquish, separate, unite, attach

clients: (n) clientele, customers, practice, patrons

clock: (n) chronometer, horologe, alarm, alarm clock, clepsydra, ticker, cuckoo clock, clock radio; (n, v) time, stopwatch; (v) measure

clod: (adj, n) lump; (n) oaf, glebe, ball, clay, yokel, gawk, agglomeration, lout, clump; (adj) block. ANTONYM: (n) intellect

cloister: (n) abbey, priory, monastery, arcade, friary, piazza, nunnery, circus, veranda; (v) encircle, insulate

close: (n, v) end, stop, finish; (adj, adv, prep) nearby; (adj, adv) adjacent, tight; (adj, v) compact, approximate; (adj) accurate; (adv, prep) by; (n) conclusion. ANTONYMS: (adj, v) open; (n, v) start; (adj) distant, airy, loose, fresh, far, inaccurate, unfamiliar; (v) begin, unlock

clothe: (v) dress, cover, garb, apparel, clad, vest, arrange, deck, invest, wrap; (n, v) attire. ANTONYMS: (v) reveal, strip, uncover

clothes: (n) apparel, clothing, dress, garb, wardrobe, vestment, garment, cloth, thing, gown, wear

clown: (n) fool, joker, jester, boor, harlequin, joke, comedian, rustic, comic, acrobat; (v) antic

clutched: (adj) tense, worried, anxious, neurotic

coat: (v) cloak, blanket; (n, v) sheath, plaster; (n) coating, fur, film, crust, jacket, layer, bark. ANTONYMS: (v) reveal, expose

coffer: (n) box, chest, case, caisson, casket, trunk, safe, strongbox, treasury, crate, coffers

coin: (v) invent, mint, originate, create, strike, cast; (n, v) forge; (n) specie, money, penny, piece

cold: (n) chilliness, chill; (adj) chilly, frigid, distant, indifferent, aloof, callous, icy, apathetic, impassive. ANTONYMS: (adj) warm, friendly, hot, prepared, burning, affectionate, loving, soporific, fervid; (n) heat, warmth

colour: (n) coloration, coloring, colors, semblance, vividness, pretext, pretence, colouring, guise; (v) redden, discolor. ANTONYMS: (n) colorlessness; (v) discolor

coloured: (adj) colorful, biased, black, partial, painted, dyed, unfair, blue, hued, color, artificial

combined: (adj) united, collective, cooperative, amalgamated, aggregate, concerted, conjoint, incorporate, conjunct, joined, conjunctive. ANTONYMS: (adj) simple, solitary, uncombined, disjointed

comfort: (n, v) ease, allay, support, aid, alleviate; (n) consolation, relief, amenity, assistance; (adj, n, v) assuage; (v) cheer. ANTONYMS: (n) discomfort, aggravation, agony; (v) alarm, annoy, frighten, afflict, aggravate, bother, burden, disappoint

comforts: (n) amenities, bread and butter, convenience, conveniences

coming: (n) advent, approach, appearance, arrival, return; (adj, n) approaching; (adj) forthcoming, imminent, future, impending; (adj, v) instant. ANTONYMS: (n) departure, exit, leaving, departing; (adj) distant, retreating, past

command: (n, v) order, charge, call,


control, decree; (n) instruction, bidding, direction, behest; (v) direct, commission. ANTONYMS: (v) obey, follow, contradict, countermand, revoke, recall, oppose; (n) beg, plead, plea

commanded: (adj) lawful commandment: (n) order, command,

fiat, edict, law, regulation, bidding, decree, caution, behest, prescription

commend: (v) approve, exalt, acclaim, praise, applaud, recommend, endorse, entrust, extol, compliment, cite. ANTONYMS: (v) rebuke, criticize, censure, reproach, keep, chastise, reprimand, deny, disparage, refuse, smear

commission: (n) mission, job, delegation, mandate, appointment, work; (n, v) warrant, assign; (v) accredit, designate, entrust. ANTONYMS: (v) withhold, retract; (n) salary

committed: (adj) engaged, dedicated, firm, devoted, involved, connected, loyal, constant, linked, vigorous; (v) compromised. ANTONYMS: (adj) unattached, passive, casual, flippant, uncaring, halfhearted

commodity: (n) article, product, object, thing, good, goods, stuff, wares, ware, basic, item

common: (adj) coarse, mutual, vulgar, mean, mediocre, ignoble, plebeian, base; (adj, n) cheap, habitual; (adj, n, v) usual. ANTONYMS: (adj) uncommon, rare, unusual, characteristic, specific, unique, extraordinary, exclusive, aristocratic, infrequent, refined

commonweal: (n) good, commonwealth

commonwealth: (n) nation, state, country, body politic, province, society, kingdom, community, land, republic, power

commune: (v) talk, communicate, intercommunicate, convey, chat, speak; (n) community, county, arrondissement, district, gathering

companion: (adj, n) associate; (n) colleague, buddy, mate, peer, chum, partner, fellow, comrade, assistant, brother. ANTONYMS: (n) foe, stranger, adversary

company: (adj, n) society, business; (n) band, association, collection, cohort, brigade, troop, club, partnership; (v) accompany. ANTONYMS: (n) isolation, enmity, host, hostess, absence

compel: (v) force, coerce, pressure,

necessitate, enforce, command, oblige, require, make, obligate, press. ANTONYMS: (v) impede, deter, check, block, request, prevent

complain: (v) bemoan, protest, whine, squawk, bewail, beef, grudge, accuse, carp, plain, complaint. ANTONYMS: (v) praise, applaud, cheer, recommend, rejoice, laud, approve, agree, accept

complaint: (n) charge, ailment, disease, affection, whine, disorder, wail, complain, plaint, protest, sickness. ANTONYMS: (n) compliment, commendation, health

complete: (adj, v) perfect, consummate; (adj, n) absolute, stark; (v) achieve, finish, accomplish, execute; (adj, n, v) close; (adj) whole, full. ANTONYMS: (adj) unfinished, partial, abridged, sketchy, shortened, lacking, qualified, narrow, missing; (v) neglect, start

complexion: (n, v) tint; (n) cast, character, appearance, look, hue, aspect, flush, glow, dye, fashion

composition: (n) texture, construction, constitution, alloy, amalgam, composing, compost, compound, compromise, harmony, combination

compound: (n, v) blend, mix, compromise; (adj, n) complex, composite; (v) combine, amalgamate; (n) mixture, amalgam, combination, concoction. ANTONYMS: (v) divide, separate, simplify, unmix; (n) element; (adj) few

conceive: (v) think, imagine, comprehend, design, apprehend, realize, discover, cogitate, appreciate, invent, catch. ANTONYMS: (v) destroy, doubt, misunderstand, question, ruin

conception: (n) concept, idea, view, thought, creation, mind, design, imagination, impression, understanding, fancy. ANTONYMS: (n) termination, finish, ending, concrete, abortion, ignorance, destruction

concerning: (adj, prep) regarding, with regard to, with reference to, in relation to; (prep) respecting, as regards, of, touching, relating to; (adj) as to, relevant

concerns: (n) dealings, affairs condemn: (v) censure, reproach,

castigate, attaint, deplore, sentence, excoriate, upbraid, knock, doom, criticize. ANTONYMS: (v) praise,

approve, commend, free, pardon, absolve, acquit, clear, exonerate, release, support

condemnation: (n) animadversion, anathema, conviction, blame, rebuke, judgment, disapprobation, deprecation, disapproval; (n, v) doom; (v) condemn. ANTONYMS: (n) praise, absolution, approbation, confirmation, commendation, defense, support

condemned: (adj) censured, convicted, doomed, destined, appropriated, taken, taken over, fated, seized, predestined; (adj, v) guilty

conducted: (adj) directed, guided confederate: (n) accomplice,

accessory, partner, collaborator, colleague, assistant; (n, v) ally, auxiliary; (adj) allied; (v) league, conspire. ANTONYMS: (n) opponent, foe, enemy, adversary

confess: (adj, v) own, allow, admit, avow; (v) concede, profess, recognize, divulge, disclose, reveal, receive. ANTONYMS: (v) suppress, hide, dispute, conceal, repress, harbor

confessed: (adj) known confession: (n) admission,

acknowledgment, recognition, acknowledgement, concession, divulgence, disclosure, shrift, penance, profession, admission of guilt. ANTONYMS: (n) disavowal, refutation

confessor: (n) priest, penitentiary, communicator, shriver, minister, Holy Father, father

confiscation: (n) expropriation, seizure, appropriation, arrogation, premunire, attachment, impounding, forfeiture, escheat, capture; (v) impound. ANTONYMS: (n) return, addition

congealed: (adj) firm, solidify, frozen, jelled, jellied, stiff, thick, concrete

conjure: (v) invoke, entreat, arouse, juggle, bewitch, beseech, bid, conjure up, evoke, implore, bring up

consecrated: (adj) consecrate, blessed, sanctified, hallowed, holy, dedicated, divine, devoted, adopted; (adj, prep) set apart; (prep) dedicate. ANTONYM: (adj) secular

consent: (adj, n, v) accord; (n, v) acquiescence, agreement; (v) concur, approve, agree, acquiesce, accept; (n) consensus, approval; (adj, v) allow. ANTONYMS: (v) refuse, reject, protest, object, differ, oppose;


(n, v) veto; (n) refusal, opposition, dissent, disagreement

consenting: (adj) agreeable, yielding, submissive, consentant, compliant, affirmative, accepting; (v) complying, chosen

consequence: (n) effect, outcome, import, result, importance, product, account, concern, event, aftermath; (n, v) weight. ANTONYMS: (n) cause, inconsequence, insignificance, antecedent, unimportance, triviality, source, meaninglessness

conserve: (v) economize, keep, save, embalm, protect, husband, maintain, defend; (n) jam, conserves; (adj) conserving. ANTONYMS: (v) waste, spend, use, damage, exhaust, squander, destroy; (n, v) expend

considered: (adj) reasoned, premeditated, intentional, willful, sensible, sound, advised, studied, planned, calculated, regarded. ANTONYMS: (adj) sudden, impetuous, ingenuous, thoughtless, swift, spontaneous, disregarded, unconsidered, unplanned, unstudied, casual

constable: (n) police officer, policeman, alderman, burgomaster, Petty constable, portreeve, alguazil, gendarme, tipstaff, peon, patrolman

constancy: (n) allegiance, devotion, resolution, fidelity, loyalty, steadfastness, faithfulness, steadiness, firmness, perseverance, unchangeableness. ANTONYMS: (n) inconstancy, inconsistency, changefulness, instability, disloyalty, unfaithfulness, unreliability, dishonesty

constant: (adj) ceaseless, perpetual, continual, faithful, changeless, steadfast, eternal, uninterrupted, continuous; (adj, n) steady, invariable. ANTONYMS: (adj) irregular, intermittent, changeable, variable, inconstant, erratic, episodic, fickle, temporary, disloyal, inconsistent

constantly: (adv) continually, firmly, incessantly, eternally, steadily, endlessly, unremittingly, ceaselessly, steadfastly; (adj, adv) always, forever. ANTONYMS: (adv) inconsistently, intermittently, acutely, erratically, infrequently

contended: (adj) controversial content: (n) meaning, matter,

capacity, contents, subject; (n, v) contentment; (v) appease, please, satisfy, suffice; (adj) happy.

ANTONYMS: (n, v) discontent; (adj) tormented, unhappy, dissatisfied, rebellious, discontented, troubled; (adj, v) upset; (n) unhappiness, sadness; (v) trouble

contents: (n) substance, content, matter, inside, subject matter, list, volume, synopsis, conspectus, cargo, catalogue

continuance: (n) duration, abidance, existence, endurance, protraction, adjournment, resumption, prolongation, time, standing, perseverance. ANTONYMS: (n) discontinuation, destruction

continue: (v) remain, keep, sustain, carry on, endure, persevere, bide, proceed, maintain; (adj, v) prolong; (n, v) hold. ANTONYMS: (v) end, cease, discontinue, halt, renounce, hesitate, complete, fail, desist, finish, neglect

continued: (adj) extended, continual, constant, unremitting, serial, sequential, unbroken, persistent, nonstop, lasting, incessant. ANTONYM: (adj) discontinued

contract: (n, v) compact, charter, bargain; (v) concentrate, condense, catch, shrink, constrict; (adj, v) abridge, narrow, shorten. ANTONYMS: (v) widen, stretch, lengthen, transmit, swell, renege, open, increase, grow, give, extend

contracted: (adj) insular, contract, constricted, tight, bound, close, narrow-minded, confined, brief; (v) shrunk; (adj, v) selfish. ANTONYM: (adj) expanded

contrarious: (adj) contrariant, stubborn

contrary: (adj, n) contradictory, reverse; (adj) adverse, conflicting, unfavorable, perverse, cross, disobedient, alien, different, obstinate. ANTONYMS: (adj) similar, harmonious, helpful, obliging, compatible, complaisant, concordant, parallel, agreeable, cooperative, favorable

controversy: (n) contention, argumentation, argument, difference, dispute, conflict, altercation, squabble, row; (n, v) contest, debate. ANTONYMS: (n) agreement, harmony, unanimity, concord

convenience: (n) contrivance, accommodation, opportunity, utility, occasion, fitness, comfort, leisure, appliance, availability; (adj) convenient. ANTONYMS: (n)

uselessness, distance, hardship, unsuitability, clumsiness, remoteness

convent: (n, v) abbey, cloister; (n) monastery, friary, priory, nunnery, community, retreat

conveyed: (v) borne, sent cord: (n) band, bond, tie, twine, tape,

whipcord, thread, yarn, lace, rope, leash

corners: (adj) cornered corporal: (adj) bodily, carnal,

physical, animal, somatic, bodied, collective, embodied; (adv) fleshly; (n) noncom, sergeant. ANTONYMS: (adj) mental, intangible, cerebral

correction: (n) amendment, adjustment, alteration, chastisement, discipline, redress, castigation, modification, punishment, improvement, emendation. ANTONYMS: (n) fabrication, reward, award, persuasion

corrupt: (adj, v) adulterate, taint, infect, rotten, canker; (adj, n, v) contaminate, poison; (v) bribe, debase, defile; (adj) impure. ANTONYMS: (adj) moral, pure, principled, ethical, honorable, wholesome, virtuous, uncorrupt, truthful; (v) purify; (adj, v) clean

corruption: (n) depravity, pollution, adulteration, filth, infection, vitiation, taint, bribery, canker, blight, foulness. ANTONYMS: (n) purification, incorruptness, decency, honesty, morality, pureness, incorruption, purity, righteousness, scruples, virtue

cost: (n, v) price; (n) charge, amount, expense, toll, expenditure, payment, disbursement, worth, damage, fee

counsel: (v) advise, consult, admonish, confer, warn; (n, v) caution, advocate; (n) barrister, advisement, consultation, admonition. ANTONYMS: (v) betray, trick, deceive, conceal, oppose; (n) warning

countermand: (v) cancel, abrogate, revoke, rescind, lift, repeal, overrule, reverse, abolish, retract, vacate. ANTONYMS: (v) endorse, sanction, allow, permit, accept

country: (n) nation, home, land, place, area, territory, commonwealth, soil, kingdom, realm; (adj) rustic. ANTONYMS: (adj) urban, metropolitan; (adj, n) city; (n) metropolis

courage: (n) audacity, fortitude, boldness, nerve, spirit, backbone,


valor, heroism, gallantry, mettle, chivalry. ANTONYMS: (n) cowardice, faintheartedness, weakness, wimpiness, yellowness

course: (n, v) stream, flow; (n) bearing, route, career, track, path, road, channel; (adj, n) current; (v) chase. ANTONYM: (v) trickle

courses: (n) menses, catamenia courtesy: (adj, n) civility,

complaisance; (n) propriety, chivalry, comity, politeness, gallantry, decency, attention, breeding, etiquette. ANTONYMS: (n) rudeness, discourtesy, unkindness, informality, impoliteness, disservice, brusqueness, incivility, vulgarity, crudeness, neglect

cousin: (n) nephew, cousins, friend, cousinship, relation, akin, relative, full cousin, companion

covert: (adj) clandestine, hidden, concealed, secret, underground, undercover; (n) cover, blind, refuge, concealment, covering. ANTONYMS: (adj) open, aboveboard, unconcealed, public, blatant

coward: (n) cur, pantywaist, sneak, dastard, milksop, weakling, milquetoast; (adj) gutless, chickenhearted, pusillanimous, chicken-hearted. ANTONYMS: (n) daredevil, stalwart; (adj) brave

crabbed: (adj) abstruse, sour, grumpy, morose, crusty, surly, churlish, moody, irritable, huffy; (adj, n) austere

cracking: (n) crack, break, fracture; (adj) splitting, swell, smashing, corking, bully, great, keen, neat. ANTONYMS: (adj) smooth, slow

craft: (n) trade, ability, artfulness, guile, fraud, shift, occupation, vessel, skill; (adj, n) cunning, art. ANTONYMS: (n) naivety, clumsiness, avocation, hobby, incompetence, incompetency, inaptitude, inability, honesty, honestness; (v) destroy

craftily: (adv) cunningly, shrewdly, astutely, smartly, slyly, trickily, deviously, dexterously, foxily, dishonestly, deceitfully. ANTONYMS: (adv) naively, honestly, brazenly

cram: (v) pack, ram, jam, fill, chock up, compress, shove, load, ingurgitate, overeat, compact. ANTONYMS: (v) deplete, unpack, disperse

crave: (v) covet, ask, want, beseech, implore, wish, long, entreat, desire, fancy, claim. ANTONYMS: (v) dislike, spurn, loathe, hate, detest, grant

creation: (n) world, production, invention, composition, conception, fabrication, foundation, formation, founding, piece, creature. ANTONYMS: (n) end, annihilation

creature: (n) being, brute, animal, tool, individual, person, body, entity, human, puppet, somebody

credit: (n) credence, recognition, belief, commendation, appreciation, advance, fame; (v) accredit; (n, v) reputation; (adj, n) worth, merit. ANTONYMS: (n, v) discredit; (n) cash, blame, fault, disrepute, disgrace, withdrawal; (v) disbelieve, question, mistrust, distrust

credulous: (adj) gullible, unsuspecting, simple, unsuspicious, unquestioning, green, trusting, unwary, innocent, believing, illogical. ANTONYMS: (adj) suspicious, wary, disbelieving, suspecting, skeptical, cynical, untrusting, shrewd, rational, smart, mistrustful

criminal: (adj, v) wicked, wrong; (n) crook, malefactor, hoodlum, gangster; (n, v) culprit; (adj, n) convict, delinquent; (adj) illegal, sinful. ANTONYMS: (adj) legitimate, lawful, honest, righteous, right, rightful, good; (n) innocent

cross: (adj) crabby, angry, grumpy, grouchy, cantankerous; (v) intersect, cover, thwart, baffle; (adj, v) traverse; (n) crisscross. ANTONYMS: (adj) calm, cheerful, happy; (v) uncross, assist, separate, remain, help, stay, unmix, aid

crown: (n, v) top, cover; (v) cap, complete; (n) apex, pinnacle, crest, summit, peak, kingdom, acme. ANTONYMS: (n) base, bottom; (v) dishonor, dethrone, begin, commence, start, depose

cruel: (adj, v) hard, harsh, sharp, severe; (adj) barbarous, unkind, brutal, bloody, bitter, savage, atrocious. ANTONYMS: (adj) merciful, gentle, sympathetic, humane, liberal, compassionate, charitable, friendly, caring, considerate, libertarian

cuckold: (v) deceive, cheat on, cheat, delude, cuckoldize, abandon, chouse, cornute, cozen; (n) hubby, cokewold

cunning: (adj) crafty, canny, adroit, wily, sly, shrewd, tricky, artful; (n) craftiness, craft, cleverness. ANTONYMS: (adj) simple, honest, stupid, unimaginative, gullible, ingenuous, straightforward, candid, sincere; (n) frankness, straightforwardness

cure: (n, v) correct, medicine, help; (n) antidote, salve, therapy, treatment; (v) treat, pickle, preserve, restore. ANTONYMS: (n) poison; (v) injure, hurt, harm, wound, damage, exacerbate

curfew: (n) rescript, deadline, decree, dusk, edict, eleventh hour, fiat, order, signaling, signal, twilight

current: (n) flow, electric current, run; (adj) contemporary, instant, fashionable, common, rife, prevalent, present; (n, prep) course. ANTONYMS: (adj) past, obsolete, previous, old, dated, antiquated, historical, bygone, noncurrent, antique

curse: (n, v) blight, plague; (n) anathema, blasphemy, malediction, denunciation; (adj, v) beshrew; (v) swear, ban, damn, vituperate. ANTONYMS: (n) blessing, benediction, making; (v) communicate

custom: (n) habit, convention, usage, practice, consuetude, fashion, method, mores; (n, v) use, accustom; (adj) bespoke. ANTONYMS: (n) fad, innovation, phenomenon, rage, rarity

customers: (n) trade dagger: (n) bodkin, sword, blade,

obelisk, knife, stiletto, dirk, cutlass, grapheme, saber, skean

damnable: (adj) cursed, damned, abominable, hateful, accursed, devilish, infernal, disgusting, sinful, deplorable, offensive. ANTONYMS: (adj) commendable, laudable, praiseworthy

damned: (adj) accursed, doomed, blasted, condemned, damn, cussed, wretched, infernal, hateful, goddamned; (adv) damnably. ANTONYM: (adj) saved

danger: (n) risk, peril, hazard, chance, jeopardy, threat, trouble, precariousness, slipperiness, disaster, insecurity. ANTONYMS: (n) security, ease, privilege

dangerous: (adj, n) critical; (adj) severe, serious, grave, adventurous, unhealthy, precarious, hazardous, perilous, threatening, chancy.


ANTONYMS: (adj) stable, secure, protected, unhazardous, slight, weak, harmless, friendly, favorable, calm, pleasant

dare: (n, v) venture; (v) defy, brave, hazard, confront, risk, resist, make bold; (n) adventure, daring, defiance. ANTONYMS: (v) avoid, flee, pass, refrain, retreat, obey

dark: (adj) dismal, black, cheerless, obscure, dim, mysterious, murky, gloomy; (n) evening, night, shadow. ANTONYMS: (adj) bright, sunny, fair, sunlit, clear, pallid, pale, cheerful, white, versed; (n) day

darkened: (adj) darkens, obscured, old, obfuscate, murky, cloudy, opaque, overcast

darkly: (adv) murkily, dimly, obscurely, duskily, somberly, shadily, mistily, secretly, dismally, heavily, overcastly. ANTONYM: (adv) openly

darkness: (n) dark, shade, shadow, blindness, gloom, blackness, duskiness, murk, cloud, blackout, dimness. ANTONYMS: (n) brightness, lightness, glow, comprehension, knowledge, day, clearness

dart: (n, v) dash, run, flit; (v) bound, flash, shoot, rush, race, gallop; (adj, n) arrow, rocket. ANTONYMS: (v) plod, trudge, slog, linger, dawdle, dally, delay, amble; (n) tonic

daughter: (n) child, son, maiden, young woman, daughterly, lass, unmarried woman, damsel, miss, missy, virgin

dawn: (adj, n) break of day, daybreak; (n) beginning, commencement, cockcrow, onset, morning, prime, aurora; (v) break, begin. ANTONYMS: (n) twilight, sunset, nightfall, close, departure, demise, conclusion, ending; (n, v) end, finish; (v) set

dawning: (n) daybreak, sunrise, start, beginning, aurora, cockcrow, dayspring, morning, birth, first light, break of day. ANTONYM: (n) sunset

days: (n) period, life, time, age, existence, generation, years, being, era, living, lifetime

dead: (adj) lifeless, defunct, cold, inanimate, idle, gone, fallen, numb, deceased, vapid; (adv) right. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) living; (adj) alive, animate, live, spirited, responsive, working, partial, operative; (adv) partly, partially

deadly: (adj, adv) deathly; (adj) baneful, lethal, fatal, destructive, mortal, pernicious, virulent, toxic; (adv) lifelessly, lethally. ANTONYMS: (adj) interesting, uplifting, readable, mild, healthy, healthful, benign, innocuous, exciting

dealing: (n, v) trade; (n) transaction, deal, exchange, business, concern, traffic, conduct, handling, dealings, distribution

dear: (adj, adv) close, near; (adj, n) darling; (adj) costly, expensive, lovely, precious, affectionate, adorable, cherished; (n) love. ANTONYMS: (adj) worthless, inexpensive, valueless, despised, modest, loathed, hateful, distant; (n) rival, foe, enemy

dearly: (adv) affectionately, preciously, darlingly, sweetly, petly, expensively, belovedly, intimately, highly, heartfeltly, lovely

death: (n) expiration, end, close, exit, fate, mortality, departure, cessation, decease, dissolution; (adj) quietus. ANTONYMS: (n) existence, delivery, living, nascency, being, survival, life, beginning

debt: (n) score, debit, loan, liability, obligation, due, bill, commitment, arrears, pocket, hole. ANTONYMS: (n) asset, cash, credit

deceit: (n) guile, artifice, deception, falsehood, ruse, pretense, fraud, trickery; (adj, n) cunning, craft, art. ANTONYMS: (n) sincerity, truthfulness, fairness, frankness, loyalty, straightforwardness, uprightness, truth

deceived: (adj) mistaken, misguided deceiving: (adj) deceptive, deceitful,

cheating, fallacious, dishonest, lying, treacherous, imposing, delusive, sanctimonious, mistaken. ANTONYM: (adj) correct

decorum: (n) propriety, gentility, decorousness, dignity, fitness, manners, correctness, ceremony, properness, politeness, grace. ANTONYMS: (n) impoliteness, rudeness, informality, indecorum, impropriety, indecency, corruption, abandon, vulgarity

deed: (n) accomplishment, act, feat, behavior, action, exploit, covenant, doing, document, title, fact. ANTONYM: (n) failure

deeds: (n) works, activity, actions, conduct, background, events, happenings, performance, activities

deep: (adj) thick, profound, strong, rich, broad, sound, absorbed, wide, abstruse, dark; (adj, v) intense. ANTONYMS: (adj) superficial, high, weak, soft, light, open, frivolous, lightweight, narrow, straightforward, simple

definitive: (adj) decisive, definite, conclusive, last, authoritative, eventual, explicit; (v) decided; (adj, v) absolute, final, emphatic. ANTONYMS: (adj) atypical, questionable, unreliable, inconclusive, incomplete, debatable, provisional, tentative, first

dejected: (adj) sad, depressed, low, downhearted, gloomy, down, unhappy, spiritless, sorrowful, miserable, melancholy. ANTONYMS: (adj) elated, happy, euphoric, joyous, encouraged, positive, enthusiastic, hopeful

delaying: (adj) dilatory, lingering, protractive, backward, behindhand, continuing, flagging, hesitant, slow; (n) hesitation, dalliance

deliberate: (v) cogitate, consult, debate, think, confer, contemplate; (adj) careful, circumspect, slow, thoughtful, calculated. ANTONYMS: (adj) unintentional, accidental, hasty, ingenuous, involuntary, spontaneous, rushed, automatic, unwitting, unstudied, subliminal

delight: (n) joy, pleasure, amusement, rejoicing, gladness; (v) ravish, amuse, please, captivate, transport, enrapture. ANTONYMS: (n) misery, dismay, dissatisfaction, sadness, nuisance, discontent; (v) depress, displease, sadden, irk; (n, v) bore

delighted: (adj) glad, cheerful, blissful, jubilant, happy, overjoyed, joyful, captivated, pleasant; (adj, v) pleased, elated. ANTONYMS: (adj) shocked, unhappy, sorrowful, depressed, melancholy, miserable, desolate, sorry, sad, down

deliver: (v) consign, bear, carry, save, rescue, abandon, send, pronounce, hand over, bring; (adj, v) utter. ANTONYMS: (v) capture, confine, imprison, hold, oppress, enslave, restrain, retain, collect, withhold, shackle

deliverance: (n) salvation, rescue, release, freedom, escape, emancipation, delivery, relief, liberation, liberty, salvage. ANTONYMS: (n) downfall, suppression


demand: (v) ask, require, ask for, beg; (n, v) need, request, command, appeal, requisition, sale; (n) requirement. ANTONYMS: (v) grant, offer, obviate, give, eliminate, cede, beg, present, request; (n) response, plea

demands: (n) strain, weight, stress, anxiety

denial: (adv, n) negation; (n) abnegation, repulse, renunciation, no, contradiction, abjuration, rejection, negative, refusal; (v) deny. ANTONYMS: (n) acceptance, declaration, affirmation, confession, admission, agreement, provision, prosecution, approval, permission, affirmative

denunciation: (n) accusation, curse, malediction, criticism, denouncement, invective, execration, disapproval, tirade, anathema, censure. ANTONYMS: (n) advocation, appreciation, compliment, approval, praise, agreement, commendation, confirmation

deny: (v) controvert, rebuff, contradict, disavow, gainsay, reject, oppose, refuse, disown, abnegate, renounce. ANTONYMS: (v) affirm, claim, acknowledge, declare, maintain, agree, spoil, accept, accede, allow, argue

depart: (v) go, deviate, decease, diverge, start, stray, wander, leave, die, vary, part. ANTONYMS: (v) stay, arrive, enter, come, abide, conform, continue, remain, appear, converge, return

dependant: (n) subordinate, subject, receiver, recipient, servant, hanger-on, ward; (adj) conditional, certified, aquiline, hooked

dependency: (adj, n) dependence; (n) colony, addiction, dependance, subordination, settlement, relationship, reliance, relative position, bondage; (adj) contingency

dependent: (adj) subordinate, subject, conditional, contingent, addicted, tributary; (n) charge, adjective, attendant, follower, slave. ANTONYMS: (adj) strong, free, autonomous, capable

depending: (adv) dependingly; (v) depend; (adj) suspensory, pendent, subject to, pendulous

depose: (v) overthrow, depone, aver, swear, oust, displace, asseverate, witness, dismiss, remove; (n) testify. ANTONYMS: (v) install, crown,

inaugurate, seat, empower, restore deputation: (n) commission,

delegation, mission, delegacy, legation, delegating, organization, organisation, empowerment, agency, contingent

deputed: (prep) delegated; (adj) delegate

deputy: (n) surrogate, agent, delegate, alternate, ambassador, vicar, representative, attorney, assistant; (adj, n) substitute, replacement

desert: (adj, n, v) waste; (v) escape, forsake, relinquish, ditch, defect, leave; (adj, v) desolate; (adj, n) worth, merit; (adj) barren. ANTONYMS: (v) stay, support, remain, inhabit, assist, aid, help, keep; (adj) cultivated, productive, fertile

deserved: (v) merited, richly deserved; (adj) appropriate, due, fitting, just, earned, suitable, rightful, adequate, required

deserving: (adj) meritorious, admirable, creditable, commendable, laudable, fit, good, deserved, condign; (v) deserve, worthy of. ANTONYMS: (adj) unworthy, undeserving, unimpressive

design: (n, v) purpose, aim, scheme, sketch, conceive; (n) conception, drawing, device, idea, arrangement; (v) contrive. ANTONYMS: (n) chance, fortuity, accident, destruction; (v) improvise

desire: (n) ambition, aspiration, craving, dream; (adv, n, v) will; (n, v) fancy, wish, aim; (v) want, aspire, seek. ANTONYMS: (n, v) dislike, hate; (n) aversion, reality, revulsion, apathy; (v) spurn, abhor, answer, command, insist

desires: (n) requirements, needs desiring: (adj) envious, insatiable,

desirous, eager; (adv) fleshly despatch: (n) shipment, expedition,

communique, mission, consignment, sending, forwarding; (v) transmit, expedite, quicken, send

desperately: (adv) forlornly, despairingly, hopelessly, terribly, extremely, despondently, recklessly, seriously, wretchedly; (adj, adv) severely, madly. ANTONYMS: (adv) hopefully, easily, optimistically, trivially, cheerfully, slightly, sluggishly, hardly

despite: (conj) although, albeit; (n) contempt, scorn, ill will, malice,

disdain; (adv) though; (prep) in spite of, notwithstanding, regardless of

detected: (adj) apparent, convicted, detect

determination: (n) conclusion, definition, resolution, decisiveness, resolve, will, tenacity, appointment, assessment, constancy; (v) award. ANTONYMS: (n) weakness, compliance, indecisiveness, feebleness, vacillation, irresolution, cowardice, indetermination, hesitation, flexibility, rashness

determine: (v) ascertain, define, appoint, adjudicate, set, specify, conclude, measure, designate, assign; (adj, v) resolve. ANTONYMS: (v) yield, question, comply, procrastinate, postpone, overlook, Miss, ignore, hesitate, disregard, balk

detest: (n, v) hate; (v) abominate, loathe, despise, execrate, dislike, nauseate, contemn, dislike intensely; (n) loathing, abhorrence. ANTONYMS: (v) adore, like, cherish, admire

devices: (n) device, tactics, strategy, plans

devil: (n) fiend, demon, ghost, monster, Lucifer, Satan, Beelzebub, deuce, daemon; (v) torment, rag. ANTONYM: (n) angel

devilish: (adj, v) diabolic, satanic, infernal, mephistophelian, demoniacal; (adj) demonic, wicked, diabolical, terrific; (v) Stygian; (adv) devilishly. ANTONYMS: (adj) cherubic, godlike, good, saintly, virtuous

dialect: (n) language, speech, vernacular, tongue, accent, lingo, conversation, say, talk, patois, phraseology

diet: (n) convocation, council, convention, nurture, food, nutriment, assembly, viands, meal, dieting; (v) lose weight. ANTONYMS: (adj) fattening; (n, v) binge; (v) stuff, overeat, indulge, gorge; (n) overindulgence

difficulties: (n) hardships, problems, trouble, difficulty, troubles, necessity, privation, bother, lack

dine: (v) feed, lunch, breakfast, dining, meal, give, have supper, take tea, grub, consume, entertain. ANTONYM: (v) abstain

dinner: (n) banquet, lunch, dinner party, meal, party, beanfeast, spread; (v) tiffin, dejeuner, bever;


(adj) dinnerly direct: (v) aim, address, charge,

dictate, head; (n, v) channel, command, control; (adj, adv) straight; (adj, v) level; (adj) immediate. ANTONYMS: (adj) roundabout, circuitous, oblique, sideways, unplanned, devious, dishonest; (v) request, follow, divert, get

directed: (adj) oriented, manageable, destined, concentrating, intent, formal, absorbed, prescript, focussed; (v) instruct; (adv) under

discharge: (n) dismissal; (adj, v) acquit, deliver, bounce; (v) clear, complete, eject, absolve, cashier; (n, v) drain; (adj, n, v) burst. ANTONYMS: (v) hire, load, hold, detain, convict, delegate, charge, assign, enlist, incarcerate; (n) burdening

discover: (v) discern, disclose, ascertain, find, perceive, catch, expose, hear, determine, sense, detect. ANTONYMS: (v) overlook, ignore, disregard, confuse, conceal, lose

discovered: (adj) revealed, disclosed, exposed, naked, detected, determined, observed, open, unconcealed, bare. ANTONYM: (adj) concealed

discredit: (n, v) disgrace, dishonor, degrade, reproach, shame, doubt, defame, slur; (v) disbelieve, decry, impeach. ANTONYMS: (n, v) honor; (v) believe, credit, dignify, praise, trust, verify, support, laud, commend, accept

discredited: (adj) damaged, dishonored, disreputable, besmirched, shamed, ashamed

disguise: (n, v) cloak, mask, conceal, masquerade, veil, camouflage, color; (n) guise, concealment; (v) hide, dissemble. ANTONYMS: (n) revelation; (v) unmask, uncover, show, expose, display, disclose, clarify, reveal

dish: (n) basin, disk, plate, meal, platter, food, saucer, beauty, meat, repast; (n, v) hollow

dishes: (n) food, meal, crockery, dinner service, dishware, menu, plates

dishonest: (adj) crooked, corrupt, crafty, underhand, fraudulent, deceptive, wrong, disloyal, untruthful, unscrupulous, shifty. ANTONYMS: (adj) truthful, principled, sincere, sporting,

aboveboard, straightforward, trustworthy, open, moral, fair, legal

dishonour: (v) discredit, disgrace, attaint, shame, degrade, desecrate, violate, rape, outrage; (n) stigma, opprobrium

dislike: (n) disapproval, disaffection, antipathy, disdain, disfavor, revulsion; (n, v) hate, disinclination, aversion, distaste; (v) detest. ANTONYMS: (n) liking, fondness, taste, attraction, enjoyment, preference, longing; (v) like, enjoy, approve, adore

dismiss: (v) cashier, disband, cast, discard, brush aside, can, bounce, cast off, cease, dispatch; (n, v) drop. ANTONYMS: (v) employ, welcome, signal, remember, recall, mobilize, maintain, keep, hold, engage, contract

dispatch: (n, v) speed, rush; (n) consignment, expedition, celerity, quickness; (v) send, accelerate, deliver, quicken, slay. ANTONYMS: (n) receiving, receipt, dawdling, delay, loitering, silence; (v) keep, start, begin, hold, retain

dispense: (v) allot, deal, administer, assign, deal out, apportion, dole out, give, issue, diffuse, furnish. ANTONYMS: (v) prohibit, receive, withhold

disposition: (n) attitude, character, disposal, tendency, predisposition, inclination, propensity, bias, arrangement, direction, aptitude

dissolute: (adj, v) dissipated, fast, wanton; (adj) abandoned, depraved, licentious, immoral, corrupt, profligate, degenerate; (adj, n) libertine. ANTONYMS: (adj) moral, upright, chaste, restrained, good, resolute, virtuous, pure, cautious, righteous, innocent

dissolution: (n) breakup, decomposition, cancellation, abolition, analysis, dismissal, dissipation, death, annulment, demise, dissociation. ANTONYMS: (n) inauguration, parsimony, decency

distance: (n, v) remove; (n) space, way, gap, aloofness, interval, altitude, measure, mileage; (adj, n) length; (v) dissociate. ANTONYMS: (v) associate, attach, involve; (n) proximity, nearness, intimacy, closeness, warmth, bias, lovingness

distant: (adj) remote, aloof, chill, detached, far, reserved, cool, long, icy, removed; (adv) afar.

ANTONYMS: (adj) close, neighboring, adjacent, friendly, near, nearby, warm, pending, intimate, involved, alert

distracted: (adj) demented, inattentive, abstracted, crazy, frenzied, distraught, preoccupied, distressed, confused; (adj, v) mad, disconcerted. ANTONYMS: (adj) attentive, alert, assured, calm, mellow

divine: (adj) sacred, wonderful, blessed, holy, exquisite; (n) clergyman; (v) guess, conjecture, augur, anticipate; (adj, n) almighty. ANTONYMS: (adj) imperfect, profane, earthly, dreadful, physical, ugly, secular

doing: (n) act, do, deed, making, performance, execution, perpetration, acting; (v) to make, to do; (adj) current. ANTONYM: (n) failure

doings: (n) conduct, behavior, behaviour, deportment, demeanour, proceeding, episode, traffic; (v) act, deed, job

dollars: (n) bread done: (adj, adv) finished, ended; (adj)

complete, completed, over, made, gone, accomplished, concluded, through, cooked. ANTONYMS: (adj) unsettled, disapproved, incomplete, rare, raw, rejected, uncooked, undone, unfulfilled, unsanctioned

doom: (n, v) sentence, destine, fate; (v) condemn, convict, damn; (n) destiny, day of reckoning, chance, luck, lot. ANTONYMS: (n) plan; (v) absolve

door: (n) threshold, mouth, entrance, doorway, entry, opening, access, entryway, way out, portal, hatch. ANTONYM: (n) entrance

double: (adj, n) twin; (adj) dual, duple, twofold; (v) fold, bend, geminate; (adj, v) reduplicate; (n) substitute, mate, image. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) single; (v) decrease, divide, halve; (adj) multivalent, univalent, lone

doubleness: (n) bad faith doubt: (n, v) suspicion, question,

query, dispute; (n) disbelief, misgiving, incertitude, apprehension, uncertainty; (adj, n) skepticism; (v) suspect. ANTONYMS: (n) certainty, confidence, conclusiveness, belief, certitude, faith, approval; (v) accept, believe, consider, swallow

doubtless: (adv) assuredly,


undoubtedly, probably, unquestionably, clearly, without doubt, presumably; (adj) sure; (adv, v) questionless; (adj, adv) no doubt, to be sure. ANTONYMS: (adj) improbably, uncertain, unlikely, questionable

doubts: (adj) doubting downright: (adj, n) absolute; (adj, v)

sheer, clear; (adj) dead, blunt, candid, plain; (adv) absolutely, thoroughly, wholly, decidedly. ANTONYMS: (adj) semi, limited, incomplete, questionable, slight; (adv) hardly

dowry: (n) dot, inheritance, gift, alimony, dowery, portion, jointure, grant, share, endowment, heritage

dozen: (adj, n) XII; (n) dozens, boxcars

draw: (n, v) drag, pull, delineate, tie, design, puff; (v) depict, describe, derive, bring; (n) attraction. ANTONYMS: (v) repel, deposit, shove, shorten, thrust, cut, curtail, contract, alienate; (n) repulsion, win

drawn: (adj) careworn, worn, drew, pinched, gaunt, taut, tired, cadaverous, thin, tense, withdraw. ANTONYMS: (adj) rested, robust, refreshed, hale, fresh, vigorous, carefree

dread: (n, v) apprehension, fear, panic; (n) anxiety, awe, consternation, alarm, trepidation, dismay, foreboding, terror. ANTONYMS: (adj) pleasing, welcomed, pleasant; (v) welcome, want; (n) reassurance, fearlessness, confidence, security, ease, calm

dreadful: (adj) bad, awful, alarming, atrocious, fearful, terrible, abominable, appalling, direful, grisly; (adj, v) dread. ANTONYMS: (adj) wonderful, great, lovely, fantastic, marvelous, admirable, successful, nice, joyous, honorable, fair

dreadfully: (adj, adv) frightfully, shockingly; (adv) fearfully, appallingly, hideously, horrendously, horribly, atrociously, ghastly, tremendously, horridly. ANTONYMS: (adv) pleasantly, wonderfully, happily, hardly, superbly, well

dream: (n) aspiration, ambition, reverie, desire, fantasy, figment, nightmare; (n, v) vision, sleep; (v) muse, imagine. ANTONYMS: (n) alertness, nightmare

dribbling: (n) trickle, drip, actuation

dried: (adj) arid, desiccated, dehydrated, shriveled, shrunken, drained, torrid, parched, withered; (n) drier, dryer

drink: (n, v) beverage, draught, swallow; (n) alcohol, brew, potion, intoxicant; (v) booze, carouse, bib, swig. ANTONYMS: (v) regurgitate, sip, abstain

drinking: (n) consumption, ingestion, intake, potation, drunkenness, crapulence, boozing, drinkable, uptake, intemperateness, booze

drinks: (n) refreshments, food and drink

drowned: (adj) prostrate, sunken; (v) drenched, drent

drowsy: (adj, n) sleepy; (adj) lazy, comatose, somnolent, slow, lethargic, sluggish, dull, indolent, soporific, listless. ANTONYMS: (adj) energetic, awake, lively, vigorous, vivacious, refreshed

drunk: (adj) tipsy, wet, tight, blotto, drunken, inebriated; (adj, n) inebriate; (n) boozer, dipsomaniac, drunkard, drinker. ANTONYMS: (adj) straight, clearheaded; (n) teetotaler

drunken: (adj) boozy, sottish, intoxicated, tipsy, tight, bibulous, groggy, intemperate, blotto, canned, pissed

ducat: (n) coin, warrant duke: (n) lord, prince, hand,

nobleman, fist, chief; (v) pass, box, deliver

dull: (adj) dreary, dense, sluggish, dismal, slack, torpid; (adj, v) blunt, stupid; (v) deaden, dampen; (adj, n) cold. ANTONYMS: (adj) lively, sharp, stimulating, exciting, lustrous, interesting, exhilarating, varied, glossy, glittery, luminous

duly: (adv) rightfully, correctly, punctually, proper, precisely, well, ex officio, accordingly, fairly, appropriately, properly. ANTONYMS: (adv) improperly, unsuitable, unlawfully

durance: (n) captivity, dure, incarceration, imprisonment, immurement, duress

dust: (v) sprinkle, clean, spray, wipe, spread; (n) dirt, earth, relics, grit, remains, soil. ANTONYMS: (n) newness; (v) dirty

dwelling: (n) domicile, home, residence, house, place, accommodation, address, building, lodge, habitation; (adj, n) dwell

dying: (n) death, demise, decease,

mortality; (adj) vanishing, moribund, last, final, ultimate, failing, ebbing. ANTONYMS: (adj) thriving, well, opening, aborning, developing, flourishing, growing, reviving, rejuvenating; (n) birth

each: (adv) apiece, either, individually; (adj) every, various, singular; (adj, det) any; (n) anyone, an, anybody, everyone

earth: (n) world, dust, ground, land, lair, dry land, terra firma, clay, creation, ball, country

earthly: (adj, n) terrestrial; (adj) carnal, worldly, conceivable, human, geotic, secular, terrene, temporal, telluric, sublunary. ANTONYMS: (adj) spiritual, divine, ethereal, immortal, impossible, improbable, inconceivable, celestial

ease: (v) alleviate, assuage, relieve, allay; (n) convenience, rest, leisure, relief, satisfaction; (adj, v) facilitate; (n, v) relax. ANTONYMS: (n) discomfort, formality, awkwardness, worry, toil, problem, pain, maladroitness; (v) aggravate, worsen, impede

easily: (adv) lightly, smoothly, facilely, fluently, readily, plainly, comfortably, uncomplicatedly, calmly, slowly, conveniently. ANTONYMS: (adv) hardly, unquestionably, laboriously, difficultly, barely, arduously, affectedly, inconveniently, seriously, formally

easy: (adj) convenient, gentle, familiar, graceful, at ease, light, lenient, clear, contented, cozy; (adj, adv) soft. ANTONYMS: (adj) arduous, laborious, demanding, hard, strenuous, particular, burdensome, tough, uneasy, awkward, testing

eaten: (v) eat eating: (n) ingestion, intake, feeding,

browsing, banqueting, food, lunching, supping, pica, repletion; (v) eat

edict: (n) act, command, writ, declaration, ruling, rule, regulation, directive, order, dictate, law

e'er: (adv) ever, forever effect: (n, prep) consequence; (v)

accomplish, achieve, bring about, create, complete, cause, do; (n) product, sequel; (n, v) result. ANTONYMS: (n) reason, cause; (v) impede, fail

effusion: (n) effluence, eruption, outpour, efflux, outburst, exudation,


extrusion, exhalation, emanation, emission, flow

eight: (n) eighter, eleven, nine, ten, team, queen, ogdoad, octonary, octet, ace, octad

either: (adj) whatever; (adv) too, also, neither, besides, likewise; (n) or; (det) any; (conj) other

elbow: (n, v) poke, nudge, jolt; (n) cubitus, elbow joint, angle, articulation; (v) jostle, push, shove, crowd

elected: (adj) adopted, selected, chosen, regenerated, inspired, justified, sanctified, unearthly, select, voted, appointed. ANTONYM: (adj) autocratic

eleven: (adj, n) xi; (n) eight, squad, football team, team

else: (adv) besides, yet, to boot, in addition, moreover; (pron) another; (n) or; (adj) different, other, further, additional

eminence: (n) distinction, elevation, altitude, celebrity, superiority, rank, excellence, fame, glory, prominence, status. ANTONYMS: (n) insignificance, cavity, depression, unimportance, dip, commonness, inferiority

eminent: (adj) high, celebrated, elevated, brilliant, illustrious, noble, big, famous, renowned, conspicuous, dignified. ANTONYMS: (adj) undistinguished, obscure, low, unremarkable, common, uncelebrated, unimportant, insignificant, humble, ordinary

emperor: (n) sovereign, ruler, monarch, imperator, mikado, king, Saturnia pavonia, crowned head, emperors, protector, saturniid

employ: (v) use, apply, exploit, consume, wield, hire, engage, exercise, work, busy, utilize. ANTONYMS: (v) fire, dismiss, can, ignore, misuse, sack, underuse; (n) unemployment

empty: (adj, v) clear, discharge, destitute, void; (adj) hollow, bare, blank, barren, abandoned; (v) deplete, pour. ANTONYMS: (adj) crowded, meaningful, packed, occupied, inhabited, swarming, brimming, laden, filled, cultivated; (v) fill

encounter: (n) collision, conflict, battle, action, confrontation, brush; (n, v) combat, contest, rencounter; (v) confront, face. ANTONYMS: (v) Miss, surrender, evade, avoid, yield;

(n) shunning, avoidance, withdrawal

encouragement: (n) aid, support, promotion, backing, incentive, cheer, consolation, boost, advocacy, fosterage, assistance. ANTONYMS: (n) neglect, deflation, disheartening, disincentive, dissuasion, opposition, deterrent

ending: (n) conclusion, end, closure, close, completion, finish, termination, dissolution, death; (adj, n) closing, last. ANTONYMS: (n) beginning, middle, commencement, inauguration, kickoff, prelude, establishment; (adj) first

enemy: (n) antagonist, opponent, foe, opposition, competitor, enmity, assailant, foeman, hostile, besieger; (adj, n) rival. ANTONYMS: (n) ally, friend, supporter, benefactor, defender, fan

enforce: (v) compel, constrain, carry out, implement, impose, execute, apply, drive, dispense, effect; (n, v) force. ANTONYMS: (v) surrender, relax, neglect, forget, exempt, disregard, abandon

english: (n) English language, Englishwoman, Britain, Englishman, side, the English, English people; (adj) Anglican; (v) Anglify

enjoying: (n) relish, enjoyment; (adj) comfortable, fruitive

enough: (adj) ample, adequate, competent, decent; (n) adequacy, sufficiency, fill; (adv) rather, amply, adequately; (adv, n) plenty. ANTONYMS: (adj) insufficient, deficient, wanting, scant; (adv) insufficiently, inadequately; (n) insufficiency, deficiency, inadequacy, shortage

enriched: (adj) educated enrolled: (adj) listed, conscript enter: (v) enroll, embark, chronicle,

book, record, input, arrive, come, pierce, register, penetrate. ANTONYMS: (v) depart, exit, delete, stop, refrain, erase, egress, abstain, cancel, exclude, disembark

entering: (n) entry, entrance, admission, enrollment, penetration, ingress, registration, encroachment, entree; (adj, n) incoming; (v) go in

enterprise: (n) business, company, concern, endeavor, activity, adventure, energy, effort, courage, venture, endeavour. ANTONYMS: (n) lethargy, apathy, laziness, passiveness, sloth, idleness

entertainment: (n) distraction,

diversion, enjoyment, show, pleasure, recreation, fun, reception, pastime; (adj, n) party; (n, v) regalement. ANTONYMS: (n) job, boredom, discomfort

entirely: (adv) fully, absolutely, utterly, wholly, altogether, all, thoroughly, perfectly, clean, solely; (adj, adv) completely. ANTONYMS: (adv) partially, incompletely, unenthusiastically, hardly, slightly, somewhat

entreat: (v) beg, beseech, ask, implore, pray, adjure, appeal, request, conjure, crave, bid. ANTONYMS: (v) demand, reject

entreaty: (n) plea, prayer, request, petition, adjuration, supplication, suit, demand, desire, invocation; (v) solicitation

envious: (adj) covetous, invidious, jaundiced, malicious, begrudge, greedy, resentful, grudging, green, begrudging, enviable. ANTONYMS: (adj) fulfilled, satisfied, undesirous, contented

envy: (v) begrudge, want; (n) enviousness, desire, heartburning, resentment, envies, heartburn, jealousy, hatred; (adj) jealous. ANTONYM: (n) generosity

equal: (v) compare, equalize, equate; (adj, v) agree, correspond, even, equivalent; (adj) comparable; (n) compeer; (adj, n, v) rival, parallel. ANTONYMS: (adj) different, repressive, uneven, disproportionate, inconsistent, unlike, dissimilar, discriminating, diverse; (v) differ, disproportion

equally: (adv) evenly, equivalently, levelly, alike, justly, as, parallelly, uniformly, similarly; (adj, adv, conj) as well; (adj) even. ANTONYMS: (adv) unevenly, individually, differently, unfairly

errand: (n) chore, mission, job, task, assignment, embassy, duty, charge, messenger, communication, work

error: (n) blunder, fault, mistake, delusion, lapse, oversight, miss, guilt, crime, defect; (adj, n) wrong. ANTONYMS: (n) correctness, fact, accuracy

escape: (v) elude, avoid, evade, circumvent, bolt; (n, v) break, dodge, leak, run; (n) avoidance, evasion. ANTONYMS: (n, v) return; (v) remain, catch, stay, face, block, attend; (n) incarceration, imprisonment, endurance, abidance

especially: (adv) particularly, chiefly,


expressly, peculiarly, specifically, above all, exceedingly, principally, exceptionally, extraordinarily, unusually. ANTONYMS: (adv) unexceptionally, customarily, usually, commonly, frequently, generally

estimation: (n) deference, assessment, calculation, approximation, appraisal, attention; (n, v) esteem, consideration, regard, reputation, credit. ANTONYMS: (n) calculation, disbelief, doubt

events: (n) athletics, plot, activities, actions

ever: (adj, adv) always, continually; (adj) constantly, still, forever; (adv) never, e'er, before, once, perpetually; (n) Evers. ANTONYM: (adv) erratically

everlasting: (adj) eternal, ceaseless, endless, constant, continual, perpetual, immortal, deathless, ageless, aeonian; (adj, n) lasting. ANTONYMS: (adj) finite, ephemeral, fleeting, mortal, ending, terminating, inconstant, fragile, perishable

evermore: (adj, adv) always, forever, ever; (adv) everlastingly, forevermore, perpetually, ever and again, for all time, until the end of time. ANTONYMS: (adv) temporarily, suddenly

every: (adj) each, total, whole, any, thorough; (n) everybody, everyone, everything; (adv) apiece, either; (pron) every one

evil: (adj) bad, criminal, corrupt, wicked, destructive, depraved; (adj, n) ill, detriment; (n) adversity, disaster, depravity. ANTONYMS: (n) goodness, righteousness, morality; (adj) kindhearted, righteous, benign, moral, pure, upright, virtuous, sinless

evils: (n) mala example: (n) exemplar, illustration,

instance, sample, lead, paradigm, prototype, pattern, design, guide, precedent

excuse: (n, v) pardon, palliate; (v) absolve, exculpate, condone, acquit, justify, forgive; (n) alibi, pretext, evasion. ANTONYMS: (v) blame, accuse, chide, discipline, include, reprimand, castigate; (n) accusation

execute: (v) do, achieve, complete, perform, accomplish, act, effect, carry out, enforce, make, fulfill. ANTONYMS: (v) abandon, ignore, disregard, Miss, forget, shirk, revive

executed: (adj) finished, fulfilled, complete

execution: (n) accomplishment, achievement, enforcement, implementation, effect, action, carrying out, executing, discharge, death penalty, capital punishment. ANTONYM: (n) omission

executioner: (n) killer, murderer, hangman, headsman, electrocutioner, executor, tormentor, executer, public executioner, slaughterer, slayer

exhibit: (adj, n, v) display; (v) evince, evidence, expose, demonstrate, disclose, flaunt, announce, present, show, produce. ANTONYMS: (v) hide, cover; (n) concealment, hiding

expected: (adj) likely, expect, predictable, prospective, anticipated, usual, conventional, intended, due, assumed, hoped-for. ANTONYMS: (adj) unusual, surprising, unconventional, unexpected, unlikely, exceptional

express: (adj) explicit, direct, definite, distinct, especial; (n, v) declare; (v) demonstrate, convey, articulate, display, mean. ANTONYMS: (v) suppress, hide, retain; (adj) vague, slow, unexpressed, roundabout, unsaid, uncertain, indirect; (n) local

extenuate: (v) alleviate, palliate, diminish, reduce, mitigate, excuse, attenuate, allay, detract, mollify, abate

external: (adj, n, prep) exterior; (adj) outside, extrinsic, extraneous, outward, outlying, foreign, peripheral, superficial, formal, objective. ANTONYMS: (adj) inner, internal, domestic, inmost, inside, indoor, outgoing, inward, intrinsic, deep, relevant

extol: (v) exalt, eulogize, laud, applaud, celebrate, acclaim, glorify, praise, admire, compliment, magnify. ANTONYMS: (v) discredit, condemn, denigrate, decry, disparage, deprecate

eyes: (n) sight, eye, vision, view, baby blues, guard, propensity, eyen

face: (adj, n, v) front; (v) confront, audacity; (n, v) look, aspect, top; (n) side, expression, countenance, exterior, facade. ANTONYMS: (n, v) back; (n) timidity, nobody, underside, shyness, rear; (v) evade, elude, hide, withdraw, submit

facing: (n) revetment, face, coating, lining, veneer, cladding, front, covering; (prep) against, before;

(adj) fronting fact: (n) event, detail, truth,

particular, reality, point, thing, occurrence, experience, actuality; (n, v) deed. ANTONYMS: (n) guesswork, fallacy, conjecture, report, falsehood, fiction, concept, fabrication, fantasy, illusion, lie

fail: (adj, v) fade, decline, cease; (v) abort, die, break, bust, want, disappoint, deteriorate, default. ANTONYMS: (v) succeed, triumph, win, thrive, procure, accomplish, achieve, attain, boom, complete, continue

fain: (adj) willing, prepared, ready, favorable, heart and soul, prone; (adv) gladly, lief, readily, willingly; (v) optative

fair: (adj) clear, beautiful, sweet, reasonable, dispassionate, average, fine, impartial; (adj, v) bright; (adj, adv) clean; (n) blonde. ANTONYMS: (adj) biased, unjust, exceptional, dark, partial, mismatched, unwarranted, foul, imbalanced, prejudiced, poor

fairly: (adj, adv) justly; (adv) moderately, honestly, completely, purely, impartially, somewhat, righteously, lightly, rightly, squarely. ANTONYMS: (adv) unjustly, extremely, subjectively, very, dishonestly, unreasonably, completely, entirely, unlawfully, excessively, wholly

faith: (n) confidence, belief, conviction, trust, credence, credit, creed, assurance, cult, expectation, dependence. ANTONYMS: (n) disbelief, distrust, dubiosity, skepticism, despair, uncertainty, doubt, independence

faithful: (adj, n) accurate, correct, exact, true; (adj) close, unfailing, dependable, devoted, sound, devout; (adj, v) constant. ANTONYMS: (adj) unreliable, false, inaccurate, unfaithful, unrealistic, faithless, perfidious, backstabbing, cheating, inexact, loose

faithless: (adj) dishonest, false, traitorous, treacherous, unfaithful, deceitful, untrustworthy, untrue, truthless, mendacious, perfidious. ANTONYMS: (adj) loyal, steadfast, true, honest

falcon: (n) caracara, thug, freebooter, mosstrooper, peregrine falcon, harpy, Merlin, land shark, shark, hobby, dacoit

fall: (n, v) decline, dip, rain, decrease,


plunge, dive; (n) downfall, descent, autumn; (v) descend, sink. ANTONYMS: (n, v) increase, win, climb, triumph; (n) ascent, improvement, rising; (v) ascend, advance, conquer, elevate

fallen: (adj) drop, decline, prostrate, flat, destroyed, down, lapsed, alight, degenerate, lose, get. ANTONYMS: (adj) esteemed, honorable, honored, lauded, prestigious

fallible: (adj) fallacious, unreliable, human, weak, untrustworthy, erring, errant, imperfect; (v) ticklish, precarious, slippery. ANTONYMS: (adj) infallible, reliable, strong, sure, unerring

falling: (n) descent, fall, downfall, degradation, depreciation; (adj) descending, decreasing, declining, tumbling, ebb, down. ANTONYMS: (adj) standing, increasing, burgeoning

fallow: (adj) dormant, yellow, unbroken, uncultivated, citrine, aureate, idle, unplanted, unseeded; (n) tillage, tilth. ANTONYMS: (adj) planted, fertile, cultivated, active, prolific, creative

falls: (n) cataract, waterfall, chute, angel, torrent, Victoria, twin, force, body of water, Guaira, Niagara

false: (adj, n) bastard; (adj, adv) counterfeit, deceitful; (adj) untrue, dishonest, erroneous, sham, assumed, artificial, fictitious, deceptive. ANTONYMS: (adj) real, genuine, faithful, factual, correct, natural, truthful, honest, valid, just, loyal

falsehood: (n) fable, fabrication, deception, untruth, lie, fib, fiction, invention, dishonesty; (adj, n) deceit, falsity. ANTONYMS: (n) fact, honesty, reality

falsely: (adv) incorrectly, fraudulently, deceptively, dishonestly, wrongly, erroneously, misleadingly, deceitfully, unfaithfully, spuriously, fictitiously. ANTONYMS: (adv) honestly, truthfully, faithfully, authentically, correctly, naturally, rightly

familiar: (adj) conversant, everyday, usual, ordinary, commonplace; (adj, n) customary, common, intimate, habitual, accustomed; (n) companion. ANTONYMS: (adj) unfamiliar, strange, foreign, unaccustomed, new, unknown, ignorant, formal, shy, rare, distant

fancy: (n, v) desire, fantasy, caprice,

dream, wish, daydream; (v) imagine, consider; (adj, v) conceive; (n) conception, conceit. ANTONYMS: (n) reality, certainty, actuality, conviction; (adj) unadorned, common; (v) hate, demonstrate, detest, disapprove, test

fantastic: (adj) bizarre, extraordinary, antic, marvelous, fantastical, grotesque, wonderful, extravagant, terrific, strange, illusory. ANTONYMS: (adj) awful, ordinary, real, unpleasant, tiny, plausible, normal, lousy, little, Lilliputian, poor

fantastical: (adj, v) fanciful; (adj) antic, chimerical, unusual, beautiful, unreal, strange, grotesque, odd, extraordinary; (v) fancy

fare: (n, v) do; (n) food, aliment, board, table, charge, chow, menu, traveller; (v) come, eat. ANTONYM: (v) stop

farewell: (int, n) adieu; (n) bye, leave, valediction, adios, parting, goodbye, separation, departure, aloha; (int) bon voyage. ANTONYMS: (n) hello, salutation, welcome

fast: (adj, v) firm; (adj) dissolute, instant, agile, staunch, quick, hurried, fixed, rapid; (adv) soon, hard. ANTONYMS: (adv) slowly, loosely, sluggishly; (n) binge; (adj) sluggish, loose, unattached, plodding; (adj, adv) leisurely; (v) gorge, eat

fasten: (adj, v) attach, fix, affix; (v) connect, bind, tie, tack, pin, stick, clasp, anchor. ANTONYMS: (v) detach, undo, unlock, loosen, release, open, disconnect, untie, separate, unscrew

fasting: (n) abstinence, white sheet, shrift, sackcloth and ashes, maceration, lustration, flagellation, watching one's weight, hunger strike, penance; (v) calorie counting

fate: (n, v) doom; (n) chance, luck, fatality, fortune, kismet, allotment, portion, lot; (v) destine, designate. ANTONYMS: (n) will, design, choice, accident, chance

father: (n) dad, begetter, creator, abba, patriarch, beginner, founder, padre; (n, v) sire; (v) engender, generate. ANTONYMS: (n) disciple, follower

fault: (adj, n, v) deficiency; (n) error, blot, delinquency, flaw, break, blunder; (adj, n) failing, blemish; (n, v) blame, crime. ANTONYMS: (n) strength, virtue, capability,

innocence, perfection, credit, ease; (v) praise, absolve

favour: (n) relief, goodness, assistance, office, favoritism, benignity; (v) choose, prefer, privilege, facilitate, approve

fear: (n) awe, dismay, alarm, fright, consternation, care, anguish; (n, v) apprehension, doubt, concern, reverence. ANTONYMS: (n) fearlessness, reassurance, confidence, courage, valor, calm, boldness, security, equanimity, peace; (v) brave

fearful: (adj, n) afraid; (adj, v) dreadful, cowardly; (adj) terrible, apprehensive, awful, timid, anxious, craven, frightful, eerie. ANTONYMS: (adj) rational, calm, confident, bold, unimpressed, charming, fearless, courageous, reassuring, unafraid, wonderful

fearless: (adj, n) daring; (adj) brave, dauntless, courageous, undaunted, intrepid, heroic, audacious, gallant, confident, valiant. ANTONYMS: (adj) afraid, frightened, scared, apprehensive, terrified, timid

fears: (n) worries, uncertainties, doubts, qualms, misgivings

feast: (n, v) junket, fete; (n) entertainment, dinner, binge, spread, celebration, jamboree, carousal; (v) feed, eat. ANTONYMS: (v) abstain, starve; (n) snack

feather: (n) pen, feathering, pinion, nib, plumage, quill, kind, spline; (n, v) plume; (adj, n, v) fringe; (v) fledge

feed: (v) eat, dine, browse, encourage, board, diet, nourish, fatten; (n, v) nurture, provender; (n) aliment. ANTONYMS: (v) thwart, crave, desire, sap

feel: (v) experience, finger, handle, consider, find; (n, v) sense, sound; (n) feeling, texture, atmosphere, air. ANTONYMS: (v) observe, doubt, question, mistrust, ignore, disregard, disbelieve, challenge

feeling: (n) affection, feel, emotion, sensitivity, mood, hunch, opinion, belief, impression, atmosphere; (adj, n) sentiment. ANTONYMS: (n) indifference, overtone, insensibility, certainty, insensitivity, hatred, trust; (adj) unfeeling

feelingly: (adv) sensitively, sympathetically, feeling, deeply

fellow: (adj, n) comrade, associate; (n) boy, equal, brother, peer, chap, colleague, compeer, buddy; (adj, n, v) concomitant. ANTONYMS: (n)


female, woman, girl, foe, enemy, antagonist, competitor

fellows: (n) fellow, membership, faculty

fetch: (v) carry, bring, bring in, convey, draw, elicit, deliver, catch, get, attract; (adj, n) feint

fetter: (n, v) shackle, bond, gyve, hamper, hobble, tether; (v) bind, chain, confine, handcuff, band. ANTONYMS: (v) free, facilitate

fever: (n) malaria, delirium, pyrexia, heat, frenzy, feverishness, febricity, Bilious typhoid fever, Levant fever, Hectic infantile fever, Typhoid fever

feverous: (adj) febrile, hot, hectic, sick, sicker, ill

fewness: (n) paucity, number, figure, scarcity, exiguity

fields: (n) field, domains, plain, notification fields, rotation, alternation of crops, grounds

fiery: (adj, n) burning, passionate, glowing; (adj) fervent, ablaze, hot, fervid, impassioned, peppery; (adj, v) fierce, violent. ANTONYMS: (adj) calm, passionless, dispassionate, indifferent, placid, gentle, cool; (adv) easygoing

figure: (n, v) form, design, cast, estimate, shape, image; (v) count, cipher; (adj, n) appearance; (n) character, cost. ANTONYM: (v) estimate

figuring: (n) calculation, reckoning, estimation, computing, figure, approximation, conversion, derivative, differential, estimate, derived function

file: (n) document, roll, series; (v) rasp, order, scrape; (n, v) list, procession, string, record; (adj, n) rank. ANTONYM: (v) blunt

fill: (v) block, clog, stuff, line, charge, execute, accomplish, complete, brim, fulfill; (n) crowd. ANTONYMS: (v) empty, free, deplete, unpack, unload, notch, deflate, desert

filling: (n) filler, weft, contents, loading, plug, packing, pad, replenishment, padding, impletion, stuffing. ANTONYMS: (adj) light, insufficient

filth: (n) grime, garbage, foulness, impurity, soil, blot, stain, nastiness, squalor, uncleanliness; (adj) impure. ANTONYMS: (n) cleanliness, luxury, loveliness

filthy: (adj) unclean, dingy, nasty, foul, disgusting, squalid, bawdy, muddy, grimy, grubby, vile. ANTONYMS: (adj) decent, pleasant,

attractive find: (v) catch, detect, encounter,

come across, feel, attain, ascertain; (n) detection, disclosure, search, discovery. ANTONYMS: (v) misplace, search, fail; (n) loss

fine: (adj) delicate, dainty, agreeable, nice, thin, elegant, capital, excellent, brave; (n) penalty; (v) punish. ANTONYMS: (adj) poor, thick, wide, coarse, unsatisfactory, substantial, wretched, unpleasant, unimpressive, dark, cloudy

finely: (adv) delicately, beautifully, magnificently, splendidly, exquisitely, rarely, excellently, lovely, slightly, nicely, bravely. ANTONYMS: (adv) roughly, coarsely, intensely, poorly

finger: (v) feel, handle, touch, thumb, indicate, point; (n) digit, dactyl, forefinger, pointer; (n, v) hand. ANTONYM: (v) clear

firm: (adj, adv) hard; (adj, v) stable, compact, determined, close, resolute; (adj) fixed, steadfast, solid, strong; (adj, n) steady. ANTONYMS: (adj) irresolute, weak, soft, hesitant, limp, liquid, soggy, lenient, indefinite, loose, inconstant

fits: (v) epilepsy, bustle, racket, fuss, hubbub, megrims, rout, subsultus, staggers

fitted: (adj) capable, efficient, competent, able, finished, qualified, trained, primed, outfitted, initiated; (adj, v) convenient

fitter: (n) adjuster, machinist, sartor, cutter, mounter, erector; (adj) suitable, healthier

five: (n) fives, quintuplet, quint, Phoebe, basketball team, fin, squad, ace, digit; (adj, n) v; (adj) quinary

flat: (n) apartment; (adj) even, bland, insipid, level, tasteless, dreary, boring; (adj, n) plain, plane; (adj, v) uninteresting. ANTONYMS: (adj) bumpy, emotional, hilly, variable, sharp, negative, natural, lively, contrasty, choppy; (adv) indirectly

flesh: (adj) carnality, concupiscence; (n) mortality, beef, form, figure, frame, person, mankind, humanity, meat

flight: (adj, n) herd, flying, bevy, drove; (n) escape, run, exodus, evasion, elopement, departure; (n, v) avolation

flourish: (n, v) display; (v) thrive, prosper, boast, wave, brag, wield, boom, grow; (adj, v) bloom; (adv, v) shake. ANTONYMS: (v) decline,

struggle, deteriorate, wilt, pine, fade, flounder, decrease, dwindle

flowery: (adj, v) florid; (adj) bloomy, floral, blossomy, figurative, fancy, verbose, rhetorical, elaborate, ornamented; (v) gay. ANTONYM: (adj) concise

foison: (n) plenty, bumper crop follow: (v) chase, adopt, adhere,

succeed, accompany, abide by, comprehend, ensue, track; (adj, v) catch, grasp. ANTONYMS: (v) guide, lead, head, disobey, deny, ignore, misunderstand, predate, exceed, defy, break

folly: (n) fatuity, foolishness, silliness, tomfoolery, nonsense, stupidity, craziness, density, freak; (adj, n) irrationality, trifling. ANTONYM: (n) sense

fond: (adj) affectionate, caring, devoted, tender, loving, amorous, delicate, adoring, doting, ardent, attached. ANTONYMS: (adj) aversion, cold, rough

fool: (n) blockhead, dunce, clown, idiot, ass, booby, buffoon; (v) deceive, bamboozle; (n, v) joke, gull. ANTONYM: (n) savant

fooling: (n) farce, tomfoolery, horseplay, joking, prank; (adj) casual, accidental, everyday, effortless, cursory

foolish: (adj) childish, fool, crazy, dumb, daft, fatuous, stupid, unwise, preposterous, dopey; (adj, n) silly. ANTONYMS: (adj) wise, sensible, shrewd, prudent, visionary, diplomatic, levelheaded, sane, rational, mature, judicious

foolishly: (adv) idiotically, ridiculously, stupidly, indiscreetly, silly, insanely, injudiciously, preposterously, absurdly, senselessly; (adj, adv) madly. ANTONYMS: (adv) sensibly, solemnly, shrewdly, prudently, responsibly, judiciously, carefully, rationally

foot: (n) base, feet, foundation, footing, pes, paw, basis, leg, measure; (v) hoof, pay. ANTONYMS: (v) owe; (n) head

foppery: (n) dandyism, coxcombry, millinery, man millinery, frippery, tailoring, equipage, frill, apishness; (v) puppyism

forbearance: (n) patience, clemency, pardon, abstention, abstinence, mercy, longanimity, avoidance, postponement, indulgence, restraint. ANTONYMS: (n) impatience,


intolerance forbid: (v) prohibit, ban, disallow,

bar, obstruct, exclude, deny, avert, frustrate, to prohibit, enjoin. ANTONYMS: (v) allow, let, approve, authorize, stand

force: (n, v) drive, squeeze, pressure, thrust; (n) energy, strength, agency; (v) coerce, push, press, compel. ANTONYMS: (n) persuasion, ineffectiveness, inertia, apathy, moderation; (v) request, wheedle, pull, push, restrain, prevent

forced: (adj) compelled, bound, constrained, artificial, involuntary, unnatural, forcible, farfetched, strained, obligatory, labored. ANTONYMS: (adj) unprovoked, spontaneous, voluntary, natural, genuine, willing, optional

fore: (adv) ahead, before; (adj, adv) forward; (n) bow, head, forefront, stem; (adj, n) front; (adj) anterior, foremost, frontal. ANTONYMS: (adv) aft, behind, rear; (adj) back

forfeit: (n) penalty, deprivation, cost; (v) abandon, forgo, relinquish, waive; (n, v) sacrifice, pawn; (adj) confiscate, lost. ANTONYMS: (n) retention; (v) claim, redeem, receive, maintain

forget: (v) leave, miss, blank out, bury, to forget, overlook, neglect, ignore, fail, unlearn, abandon. ANTONYMS: (v) mind, attend

forgive: (v) absolve, excuse, acquit, remit, pardon, justify, to forgive, exonerate, overlook, clear, to excuse. ANTONYMS: (v) condemn, punish, castigate

forgiveness: (n) mercy, condonation, clemency, kindness, pity, remission, leniency, absolution, grace, compassion; (n, v) pardon. ANTONYMS: (n) condemnation, cruelty, harshness

formally: (adv) ceremoniously, officially, stiffly, solemnly, regularly, ceremonially, distantly, primly, precisely, stately, conventionally. ANTONYMS: (adv) casually, warmly

former: (adj) previous, antecedent, anterior, bygone, earlier, prior, foregoing, original, deceased, past; (adv) formerly. ANTONYMS: (adj) future, last, next, current, following, present, subsequent, later; (n) latter

fornication: (n) adultery, criminal conversation, intercourse, whoredom, bawdry, incest, carnal knowledge, extramarital sex,

infidelity, intimacy; (adj, n) debauchery

fornicatress: (n) wanton, jade, loose woman, slut, strumpet, fornicator, hussy, adulterer

forswear: (v) abjure, renounce, disavow, disclaim, recant, perjure, retract, disown, give up, relinquish, discountenance

forsworn: (adj) perjured, untrue forth: (adv) away, along, onward,

ahead, before, on, off, on the high road, on the road, on the way, under way

fortune: (n) estate, fate, fluke, destiny, luck, accident, means, assets, riches, abundance, doom. ANTONYM: (n) design

forty: (adj, n) XL; (n) two score, forties; (adj) twoscore

forward: (adj, prep) bold; (adj, adv) onward; (adj) audacious; (adj, n, v) promote; (v) expedite, dispatch; (adv) fore, along, ahead; (adv, n, v) further; (adj, adv, n) early. ANTONYMS: (adj, adv) backward; (adj) posterior, timid, reverse, abashed, late, formal; (adv) behind, rearward, back, aft

foul: (adj, v) nasty, base, corrupt, coarse; (adj) filthy, disgusting, evil, unclean, putrid; (n, v) defile, soil. ANTONYMS: (adj, v) clean, pure; (adj) pleasant, fair, inoffensive, humane, attractive, honest, pleasing, fragrant; (v) unclog

foully: (adv) filthily, vilely, uncleanly, nastily, sordidly, squalidly, offensively, grossly, dingily, revoltingly; (adv, v) shamefully. ANTONYM: (adv) attractively

found: (v) erect, build, base, form, construct, constitute, appoint, institute, set up, create, ground. ANTONYMS: (v) abolish, disband; (adj) lost

four: (n) quaternary, foursome, tetrad, quaternion, quadruplet, square, quarter, quad, air, age of man; (adj, n) IV

fourteen: (adj, n) XIV fowl: (n) poultry, bird, domestic fowl,

chick, cochin, birds, partlet, poult, hen, fowls, rooster

frail: (adj, v) weak, feeble; (adj) fragile, flimsy, delicate, breakable, rickety, slender, light, slim; (v) faint. ANTONYMS: (adj) substantial, robust, tough, fit, healthy, hearty, perfect, weighty, well, capable, sturdy

frailty: (adj, n) foible, fragility, weakness, fault, defect, imperfection, failing, deficiency; (n) feebleness, frailness, infirmity. ANTONYMS: (n) stamina, hardiness, hardihood, sturdiness, robustness, health

frame: (n, v) construct, design, fabricate, make, fashion, border, build, forge; (v) draft, erect, contrive

framed: (adj) counterfeit, prepared, orderly, methodical, spurious. ANTONYM: (adj) unframed

frankly: (adv) openly, sincerely, bluntly, honestly, truthfully, directly, unreservedly, straightforwardly, ingenuously, plainly; (adj, adv) freely. ANTONYMS: (adv) hesitantly, indirectly, guardedly, untruthfully, deceitfully, ambiguously, politely

free: (adj, v) exempt, liberate, discharge; (adj, adv, v) loose; (v) excuse, extricate, relieve, disentangle, ease; (adj, n) frank; (adj) liberal. ANTONYMS: (adj) restricted, imprisoned, repressive, secure, strict, stuck, confined, tangled, compelled, dependent; (v) confine

freed: (adj) disentangled, emancipated, disengaged, liberated, extricated, freer, unchained, untied, loosened, disillusioned, not tied up

freedom: (adj, n) franchise, immunity; (n) deliverance, autonomy, release, discharge, emancipation, escape, liberty, right; (adj) frankness. ANTONYMS: (n) imprisonment, restriction, captivity, suppression, dependence, restraint, capture, chance, conformity, inclusion

freely: (adv) loosely, frankly, openly, generously, independently, gratuitously, voluntarily, liberally, free, sparely; (adj, adv) spontaneously. ANTONYMS: (adv) reluctantly, deceitfully, accurately, meagerly, parsimoniously, secretly, stingily, unwillingly; (adj) restricted

french: (adj) Gallic, Frankish, Gallican, Gallian; (v) to take French leave; (n) Frenchman, romance language, French people, Daniel Chester French, profanity, the French

fresh: (adj) clean, bracing, novel, bright, recent, original, airy, bold, pure, green; (adj, v) brisk. ANTONYMS: (adj) stale, decayed, hot, tired, worn, rotten, off, musty,


muggy, humid, exhausted fretting: (adj) irritable, dissatisfied,

peevish; (n) festering, friction, exulceration

friar: (n) monk, conventual, cenobite, abbot, monastic, palmer, pilgrim, lay brother, religious, prior, beadsman

friend: (adj, n) associate, comrade, companion, fellow, ally; (n) acquaintance, colleague, boyfriend, crony, brother, mate. ANTONYMS: (n) foe, stranger, rival, nemesis, adversary, antagonist

friends: (n) circle, associates, connections, links, support group, acquaintances

froth: (n, v) bubble, spume, fizz, suds, sparkle; (v) boil, effervesce, ferment; (n) effervescence, bubbles, spindrift

fruit: (n) crop, outgrowth, product, fruitage, progeny, acorn, production, yield, aftermath; (n, v) result; (v) return

fruitful: (adj) fertile, copious, profitable, abundant, plentiful, rich, fecund, good, fat, productive, lucrative. ANTONYMS: (adj) unproductive, barren, infertile, unfruitful, unprofitable, sterile, fruitless, destructive

full: (adj, n) complete, absolute, entire; (adj) abundant, flush, broad, extensive, ample, total, enough; (adj, adv, n) crowded. ANTONYMS: (adj) lacking, starving, hungry, sketchy, incomplete, thin, deserted, partial, restricted, weak; (v) wane

function: (n) position, office, service, role, place, agency, application; (n, v) work, exercise; (v) run, serve. ANTONYMS: (v) stop; (n) uselessness

furnished: (adj) fitted, arranged, privileged, instruct, carrying weapons, equipt, enlightened; (v) provide, furnish, begone, beset

furred: (adj) hairy, hirsute, fur lined, wooly, fuzzy

further: (adj, adv) farther, more; (v) advance, encourage, foster, forward; (adj) extra, additional; (n, v) promote; (adv) again, also. ANTONYMS: (v) impede, thwart, discourage, damage, regress, deteriorate, prevent, hinder; (adj) near

future: (adj) unborn, prospective, coming, intended, to come, potential, impending, approaching; (n) hereafter, fate, time to come. ANTONYMS: (adj) distant, earlier, near, nearby

gall: (v) fret, chafe, irritate, irk, provoke; (adj, n, v) anger; (n) bitterness, cheek, audacity, acerbity, acrimony. ANTONYM: (v) please

gallows: (n) gibbet, gallous, gallows-bitts, hanging, noose, scaffold, halter, tree, rope, gallowstree, bough

game: (n) fun, amusement, entertainment, play, diversion, prey, quarry; (v) bet, wager, gamble; (adj) fearless. ANTONYMS: (adj) reticent, unwilling; (n) hunter

gaoler: (n) keeper, screw, turnkey, warder, jailor, custos, custodian, lawman, guard, ass, ranger

garden: (v) farm, cultivate, tend; (n) field, bed, plantation, orchard, grove, grounds, park; (adj) gardenly

garlic: (n) caviare, clove, ail, seasoning, pickle, seasoner, alliaceous plant, flavoring, flavourer, flavouring; (adj) fungus

gate: (n) door, mouth, entry, doorway, port, exit, goal, barrier, approach, inlet, threshold

gates: (n) bill Gates geld: (adj, v) emasculate; (v) alter,

neuter, agitate, expurgate, glib, spay, demasculinize

general: (adj, v) common, frequent; (adj) comprehensive, national, universal, ecumenical, current, commonplace, public; (n) chief, commander. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) particular; (adj) narrow, individual, restricted, specialist, detailed, personal, localized, local, precise, limited

generation: (n) creation, epoch, era, tribe, offspring, formation, contemporaries, time, period, day; (n, v) genesis

generous: (adj) ample, abundant, copious, benevolent, bountiful, kind, charitable, flush, fair, liberal; (adj, n) free. ANTONYMS: (adj) meager, tightfisted, miserly, measly, mean, small, ungenerous, avaricious, greedy, petty, pitiful

gentle: (adj) easy, friendly, soft, kind, affable, balmy, mild, feeble, compassionate; (adj, adv) calm; (adj, v) tame. ANTONYMS: (adj) harsh, loud, fierce, caustic, violent, rough, hardhearted, abrupt, heavy, steep, sheer

gentleman: (n) gent, Mr, male, patrician, sir, adult male, esquire, sahib, gentlemen; (adj) gentilhomme, gentlemanly

gentlemen: (n) sirs, messieurs gentlewoman: (n) lady, madam,

dame, woman, noblewoman, doll, bird, adult female, noble, chick, ma'am

getting: (n) acquiring, reception, acquisition, attainment, contracting, appropriation, taking, reaching; (prep) receiving; (v) acquire, receive. ANTONYM: (n) rejection

ghost: (n, v) apparition, specter; (n) shade, spirit, demon, soul, spook, spectre, goblin, appearance, monster

ghostly: (adj) uncanny, eerie, weird, spiritual, spectral, ghostlike, supernatural, macabre, phantasmal; (adj, adv) ghastly; (adv) spectrally. ANTONYMS: (adj) tangible, natural

giant: (adj) gigantic, colossal, jumbo, gargantuan, elephantine, huge, immense, large; (n) behemoth, Goliath, colossus. ANTONYMS: (adj) tiny, miniature, insignificant, short; (n) dwarf

gift: (adj, n, v) endowment, faculty, ability, talent; (n) donation, flair, bestowal; (n, v) award, present, boon; (adj, n) capacity. ANTONYMS: (n) penalty, forfeiture, failing

gifts: (n) money, generosity, contributions, charity, caliber, aid, munificence, bounty. ANTONYM: (n) meanness

ginger: (n) fire, pep, galangal, vim, zest, zing, courage; (adj) gingery, auburn, carroty, red

girl: (n) damsel, gal, lady, young woman, maid, lass, fille, wench, daughter, bride, virgin. ANTONYMS: (n) son, boy

give: (v) extend, commit, donate, endow, contribute, dispense, deliver, convey, grant; (adj, v) bestow, accord. ANTONYMS: (v) withdraw, take, withhold, retain, receive, keep, get, hide, conceal, starve, withstand

given: (adj) apt, disposed, prone, specified, liable, inclined, granted, fixed, conditional; (n) assumption, particular. ANTONYMS: (adj) taken, unwilling

gives: (n) give, offer, provide, grant, accord

giving: (n) endowment, donation, presentation, bestowal, disposal; (adj) liberal, generous, charitable, bighearted, big, humanitarian. ANTONYMS: (adj) nasty, tightfisted, malevolent, mean, stiff, stingy

glad: (adj) jubilant, cheerful, gay, blithe, delighted, festive, content,


delightful, genial, bright, willing. ANTONYMS: (adj) unhappy, apologetic, dismayed, unwilling, disappointed, sorry

gladly: (adv, v) happily; (adv) gleefully, contentedly, cheerfully, fain, joyfully, jovially, cheerily, delightedly, gladsomely, readily. ANTONYMS: (adv) reluctantly, unwillingly, sadly, resentfully, miserably

glance: (n, v) look, peek, flash, peep; (n) gaze, glimpse, coup d'oeil, gander; (v) bounce, glint, ricochet. ANTONYMS: (n, v) study; (n) examination, perusal; (v) stick, stare

glass: (n) bottle, drink, goblet, cup, drinking glass, spectacles, glasses, field glass, bowl; (v) glaze; (adj, n) ice

glasses: (n) spectacles, eyeglasses, glass, specs, spectacle, eyeglass, barnacles, lens, pair of glasses, mirror, goggles

glassy: (adj, v) glossy; (adj) clear, glazed, smooth, flat, crystalline, dead, dull, hyaline, transparent; (v) glabrous. ANTONYMS: (adj) alert, bumpy, dull, expressive, murky, rough

glimpse: (n, v) look, peek; (v) blink, see, notice, spy, spot, espy; (n) coup d'oeil, view, peep. ANTONYMS: (n) scrutiny, observation, perusal; (v) scrutinize, survey, Miss, study

glory: (n) celebrity, brightness, honor, distinction, glorification, eclat, dignity; (n, v) halo, pride; (v) exult, boast. ANTONYMS: (v) blasphemy, lament, profanity; (n) dishonor, disrepute, ugliness, blame, criticism

gloze: (n) flattery, adulation, extenuate, excuse, apologize, blandishment; (v) pet, soothe, blandish, flatter, adulate

gnarled: (adj) knotty, knotted, gnarly, asperous, crisp, deformed, crabbed, roughhewn, wrinkled, unsmooth, unpolished. ANTONYMS: (adj) smooth, unknotted, straight

goad: (n, v) spur, drive, urge, stimulus, prick; (n) fillip, gad, incentive; (v) foment, incite, encourage. ANTONYMS: (n) curb, deterrent, disincentive; (v) deter, inhibit, restrain, prevent, soothe, calm, discourage

goddess: (n) divinity, God, beauty, nymph; (adj, n) idol; (adj) duck, darling, angel, Dulcinea, ladylove, inamorata

gods: (n) gallery

going: (n) exit, leaving, parting, expiration, disappearance, action; (v) go, course, to go; (adj) working, running. ANTONYMS: (n) arrival, Reunion

gone: (adj, prep) past; (adj) deceased, bygone, departed, desperate, lost, late; (adj, v) exhausted, extinct; (adj, adv) absent, away. ANTONYMS: (adj) present, remaining, found, alive

goodness: (adj, n) generosity, kindness, gentleness; (n) good, excellence, benefit, virtue, worth, morality; (adj) favor, beneficence. ANTONYMS: (n) evil, wickedness, badness, corruptness, bad, immorality, corruption

gout: (n) taste, relish, arthritis, go-out; (v) cephalalgia, earache, otalgia, odontalgia, neuralgia, lumbago, sciatica

government: (n, v) administration, management, conduct; (adj, n) authority, control, empire, rule; (n) command, dominion, governance, cabinet

governor: (n) chief, manager, regulator, administrator, lord, superintendent, ruler, controller, leader, president, protector

gown: (n) robe, clothing, cassock, vestment, wrapper, overclothes, outerwear, uniform, tunic, clothes; (v) clothe

grace: (adj, v) adorn; (v) garnish, deck, embellish, beautify, decorate, embroider; (adj, n, v) favor; (n) elegance, beauty; (adj, n) clemency. ANTONYMS: (n) unseemliness, awkwardness, disfavor, inelegance, heaviness, unkindness; (v) deface, demean

gracious: (adj) genial, benign, good, courteous, compassionate, kind, accommodating, civil; (adj, n) benevolent, congenial, gentle. ANTONYMS: (adj) ungracious, boorish, discourteous, reserved, rude, abrupt, critical, unkind, hardhearted, harsh, poor

graciously: (adv) gracefully, mildly, politely, courteously, benevolently, benignantly, civilly, sympathetically, mercifully, leniently, suavely. ANTONYMS: (adv) bitterly, coarsely, poorly, ungraciously, harshly

gradation: (n) degree, scale, ablaut, progression, graduation, tier, step, level, shade, form, extent

grange: (n) farm, farmhouse, toft,

hacienda, granary, messuage, tenement

grant: (adj, v) bestow, allow, confer; (n, v) award, gift, boon; (v) concede, afford, admit, acknowledge; (adj, n, v) present. ANTONYMS: (v) deny, reject, refuse, maintain, prohibit, disagree, retrieve, take, withhold, withdraw

granted: (adj, v) assumed; (adj) fixed, approved, settled, privileged, legal, decided, acknowledged, arranged; (v) disposed; (adv) yes

granting: (n) concession, conceding, yielding, surrendering, issue, agreement; (conj) although

grave: (adj) solemn, serious, critical, earnest, dangerous, sedate, sad, grand; (adj, v) severe, acute; (v) engrave. ANTONYMS: (adj) frivolous, funny, cheerful, carefree, slight, nonchalant, trivial, stable, minor, insignificant, favorable

gravel: (adj, v) nonplus, bother; (v) bedevil, rag, chevy, flummox, bewilder, puzzle; (adj) grating; (adj, n) dirt; (n) grit

great: (adj) eminent, gigantic, big, distinguished, large, extensive, extreme, grand, chief, ample, massive. ANTONYMS: (adj) awful, insignificant, tiny, mild, poor, minor, useless, ordinary, slight, weak, unknown

greater: (adj) larger, more, major, higher, superior, most, great, bigger, increased, considerable, not inconsiderable. ANTONYMS: (adj) inferior, smaller, small, lower

greatest: (adj) top, superlative, biggest, utmost, largest, extreme, first; (adj, n) maximum, most; (adj, v) paramount, supreme. ANTONYMS: (adj) inferior, secondary

greatness: (n) excellence, dimension, dignity, bulk, size, enormousness, bigness, enormity, grandness, magnitude, fame. ANTONYMS: (n) obscurity, austerity, commonness, mildness, moderation, simplicity

greed: (n) cupidity, covetousness, avariciousness, desire, appetite, rapacity, voracity, voraciousness, gluttony, stinginess, insatiability. ANTONYMS: (n) moderation, temperance

greet: (n, v) receive; (v) address, acknowledge, hail, welcome, cry, salute, bid, weep, meet, recognize

grief: (adj, n, v) affliction; (n) dolor, anguish, distress, agony, pain,


wound, chagrin, concern; (n, v) regret; (adj) sore. ANTONYMS: (n) joy, happiness, comfort, content, peace

grieve: (n, v) distress, aggrieve, afflict, sorrow, annoy; (v) trouble, lament, deplore, bemoan, fret, bewail. ANTONYMS: (v) rejoice, celebrate, encourage

grievous: (adj) bitter, dolorous, dreadful, deplorable, sad, tough, pitiful, atrocious, regrettable, sorrowful, sorry. ANTONYM: (adj) successful

groaning: (adj) moaning, groaningly, inarticulate

gross: (adj) coarse, boorish, big, crude, fat, common, blunt, disgusting, bulky; (n) aggregate; (adj, v) foul. ANTONYMS: (adj) attractive, small, remaining, refined, tiny, partial, delicate, cultivated, chaste, sensitive; (v) lose

grossly: (adv) rudely, roughly, commonly, heavily, bluntly, disgustingly, shamefully, rankly, totally, uncouthly, obscenely. ANTONYM: (adv) appealingly

ground: (n, v) base, land, floor; (v) found, establish; (adj, n, v) bottom; (n) earth, reason, field, soil, dirt. ANTONYMS: (n) sea, figure; (v) launch, top

grow: (v) expand, advance, augment, enlarge, come, emerge, spring, become, farm, turn, get. ANTONYMS: (v) decrease, weaken, shrink, decline, drop, collapse, struggle, wane, plummet, dwindle, deteriorate

guard: (n) defense, protection, escort, bulwark, watchman, custody, fender; (n, v) care, shield, cover; (adj, n, v) ward. ANTONYMS: (v) endanger, expose, neglect, reveal; (n) attacker

guarded: (adj) wary, careful, chary, circumspect, cagey, vigilant, watchful, conditional, discreet, gingerly, conservative. ANTONYMS: (adj) frank, careless, trusting, reckless, open, unwary, natural

guess: (n, v) surmise, estimate, forecast; (v) suppose, deem, reckon, divine, believe, foretell; (n) assumption, supposition

guide: (n, v) escort, conduct, govern, channel, control, usher, cicerone; (n) directory, attendant; (v) drive, bring. ANTONYM: (v) follow

guiltiness: (n) culpability,

criminality, complicity, criminalness, fault, blame, guilty conscience, status, guilt feelings, collusion, blameworthiness. ANTONYM: (n) innocence

guiltless: (adj) innocent, clean, irreproachable, clear, faultless, unsullied, stainless, pure, inculpable, immaculate, spotless

guilty: (adj) culpable, faulty, wicked, hangdog, criminal, chargeable, sinful, blameworthy; (n) guilt, culprit; (adj, v) condemned. ANTONYMS: (adj) blameless, aggressive, proud

habit: (n) clothing, practice, dress, garb, attire, convention, character, ritual, addiction, clothes; (n, v) use. ANTONYM: (n) innovation

habitation: (adj, n) abode; (n) domicile, residence, house, home, habitat, lodging, place, occupancy, inhabitation, inhabitancy. ANTONYM: (n) vacancy

habited: (adj) clothed, dressed, garbed

half: (adj) moiety, part, short, defective; (n) semi, mediety, halve, division, piece, first half; (adv) partly. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) all; (adj) fully, complete

hall: (n) mansion, vestibule, lobby, foyer, auditorium, court, entrance hall, anteroom, concourse; (n, v) corridor, passage

hallowmas: (n) All Saints' Day, Allhallows, Dewali, Ash Wednesday, bicentennial, birthday, bissextile, Candlemas, Groundhog Day, Halloween; (adj) halmas

hand: (v) give, pass, commit, bestow, afford, communicate, consign; (n) deal, worker, aid, applause. ANTONYMS: (n) boss, foot; (v) take

handle: (n, v) conduct, administer; (v) feel, wield, deal, treat, touch, control, manipulate, direct; (n) clutch. ANTONYMS: (n) blade, head; (v) mishandle, bungle, conceal, crumble, avoid

hands: (n) custody, keeping, personnel, safekeeping, hold, shift, workforce, men, manpower, guardianship, full complement

hang: (adj, n, v) suspend; (v) dangle, depend, drape, float, fall, hover, append, string up; (n, v) delay; (adj) hung

hanging: (n) execution, curtain, arras, wall hanging; (adj) suspended, pendent, pendant, pendulous, hung, pending; (n, v) suspension

hangman: (n) executioner, headsman, hanger, tormentor, tiger, boggle, crossword puzzle, scrabble, wild beast, hyena

happiness: (n) delight, merriment, ecstasy, welfare, gladness, luck, cheerfulness, blessedness, bliss, felicity, contentment. ANTONYMS: (n) sadness, despair, grief, misery, dissatisfaction, seriousness, dullness, discontent, dejection, gloominess, displeasure

happy: (adj) felicitous, contented, gay, buoyant, content, gleeful, gratified, pleasant, glad, carefree; (adj, n) auspicious. ANTONYMS: (adj) sad, depressed, dejected, sorrowful, miserable, unlucky, sorry, reluctant, irritable, unfortunately, gloomy

harbour: (n, v) harbor; (v) conceal, entertain, cherish, contain, bear, shield; (n) anchorage, pier, sanctuary, haven

hard: (adj, n) austere, rough; (adj, v) grave, severe, acute; (adj) bad, difficult, strong, callous, cruel, tough. ANTONYMS: (adj) easy, kind, soggy, tender, merciful, yielding, simple; (adv) lightly, gently, lackadaisically; (adj, adv) flexible

hardly: (adj, adv) barely, scarcely; (adv) severely, harshly, roughly, badly, toughly, laboriously, arduously, cruelly, heavily. ANTONYMS: (adv) extremely, fully, well, easily

hark: (v) harken, hear, hearken, heed, listen in; (n) look here, look you, look

harm: (adj, n, v) damage, hurt; (adj, n) evil, detriment, injury; (n, v) abuse, wound, blemish, disadvantage; (n) bruise; (adj, v) injure. ANTONYMS: (n, v) benefit, respect, help; (n) reparation, service; (v) enable, spoil, protect, defend, repair

haste: (n, v) hurry, dash, dispatch, rush; (n) celerity, expedition, rapidity, speed, bustle, hastiness, quickness. ANTONYMS: (n) delay, patience, forethought, caution

hastily: (adv) hurriedly, rapidly, quickly, rashly, promptly, suddenly, thoughtlessly, impetuously, swiftly, imprudently, speedily. ANTONYMS: (adv) carefully, unhurriedly, industriously, sensibly, prudently, late, calmly, thoroughly, patiently, gradually, cautiously


hateful: (adj) disgusting, execrable, nasty, abominable, hideous, despicable, repulsive, distasteful, foul; (adj, v) odious, obnoxious. ANTONYMS: (adj) delightful, kind, nice, benign, desirable

haunt: (n, v) resort, ghost; (n) den, hangout, home; (v) pursue, follow, stalk, afflict, persecute; (adj) harass

having: (n) estate, possession, acceptance, enjoyment

hazard: (n, v) chance, venture, endanger, peril, adventure, bet, wager; (n) danger, fortune, jeopardy, accident. ANTONYMS: (n) safety, security; (v) protect

head: (n) captain, boss, froth, foam, crown, chieftain; (n, v) point, lead; (adj, n, v) front; (v) capital, direct. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) subordinate; (n) end, beginning, foot, mouth, rear, tail, body, underling, base; (adj) minor

heading: (n) title, drift, bearing, head, tack, direction, course, name, chief, frontispiece, leading

heads: (n) conspectus, contents, prospectus, syllabus, synopsis, public, textbook, people, outlines, head stick

headstrong: (adj) intractable, dogged, obstinate, disobedient, unruly, willful, wayward, froward, rash, headlong; (adj, v) ungovernable. ANTONYMS: (adj) tractable, compliant, amenable, docile, malleable, agreeable, cautious

heal: (v) mend, recover, doctor, recuperate, cicatrize, get well, fix, restore, convalesce; (n, v) remedy; (n) correct. ANTONYMS: (v) worsen, disfigure, exacerbate

health: (n) condition, fitness, welfare, pledge, strength, form, hygiene, sanitation, salubrity, shape; (adj) sanitary

healthy: (adj) healthful, wholesome, salubrious, hale, good, fit, beneficial, whole, well, sound, hearty. ANTONYMS: (adj) unwell, harmful, unfit, soporific, dependent, fattening, infected, unwholesome, weak, ill, underfed

hear: (int, v) attend; (v) find out, discover, understand, apprehend, hark, learn, try, examine, listen; (adj) heard

heard: (n) hearing hearing: (n) audition, ear, auditory

sense, trial, consultation, reach, auscultation, inquiry; (n, v) earshot, sound; (adj, n) audience

heart: (adj, n) core, gist, marrow; (n) spirit, center, essence, basis, kernel, crux, breast, hub. ANTONYMS: (n) body, surface

hearty: (adj) heartfelt, healthy, genial, sturdy, cheering, fervent, wholehearted, lusty, enthusiastic, convivial; (adj, n) well. ANTONYMS: (adj) unhealthy, frail, old, weak, sluggish, unwholesome, meager

heat: (adj, n) fever, excitement, passion; (v) bake, burn; (n) warmth, fervor, summer, estrus; (n, v) fire; (adj) flush. ANTONYMS: (n) cold, chill, coldness, anestrus, apathy, coolness, dryness, indifference

heaven: (n) Eden, firmament, bliss, Elysium, sky, nirvana, glory, Elysian Fields, Garden of Eden, utopia; (adj) celestial. ANTONYM: (n) misery

heavenly: (adj) celestial, blissful, ethereal, delightful, angelic, blessed, elysian, holy, unearthly, godlike, sacred. ANTONYMS: (adj) worldly, miserable, infernal, hellish, unappealing, dreadful, turbulent

heavens: (n) firmament, heaven, sky, welkin, sphere, atmosphere, celestial sphere, space, skies, area, vault of heaven

heavily: (adv) seriously, weightily, severely, ponderously, hard, firmly, thickly, grievously, sadly, strongly, compactly. ANTONYMS: (adv) gently, nimbly, briskly, sparsely, thinly, slightly

heavy: (adj, n) dull; (adj) deep, fat, dense, grave, dark, full, gross, thick, bulky; (adj, adv) hard. ANTONYMS: (adj) slim, easy, thin, slight, skinny, puny, gentle, insubstantial, animated, nimble, entertaining

heed: (n, v) consideration, concern, regard, mind, attention, notice; (n) caution, advertence, advertency; (v) attend, hear. ANTONYMS: (n, v) disregard; (n) inattentiveness

height: (n) apex, crest, altitude, pinnacle, peak, top, culmination, level, zenith, summit, climax. ANTONYMS: (n) shortness, nadir, depth, trough, deepness, base, dip

held: (adj) absorbed, confined, kept, apprehended, seized, supposed, reputed, tenable, thought, trapped; (v) detain

hell: (n) blaze, Hades, underworld, perdition, inferno, pandemonium, netherworld, Abaddon, Gehenna, purgatory, trial. ANTONYM: (n)

paradise help: (n, v) assist, assistance, support,

benefit, favor, avail, cure, assistant; (v) facilitate, ease, alleviate. ANTONYMS: (n) hindrance, detriment, interference, damage, disadvantage, disservice, manager; (v) worsen, aggravate, halt, hurt

helper: (n, v) assistant, aid, assistance; (n) acolyte, attendant, ally, associate, supporter, colleague, auxiliary, coadjutor. ANTONYMS: (n) detractor, enemy

hence: (adv) consequently, for that reason, therefore, thereby, away, thus, for, then, because, henceforth, as a result

hereafter: (adv) thereafter, from now on, hence, henceforth, hereinafter, afterwards; (n) afterlife, futurity, time to come, great beyond, future life

herein: (adv) here, therein herself: (adj) oneself, self, himself,

myself, yourself, yourselves, themselves, ourselves, itself

hidden: (adj) clandestine, concealed, obscure, dark, secret, latent, covert, invisible, arcane, covered; (adj, v) confidential. ANTONYMS: (adj) exposed, open, active, noticeable, overt, revealing, known, explicit, mainstream, transparent, visible

hide: (n, v) cover, disguise, shelter, veil; (adj, v) obscure; (n) fur, fell, coat; (v) bury, mask; (adj, n, v) darken. ANTONYMS: (v) show, expose, express, divulge, unearth, amplify, advertise, clarify

hideous: (adj) dreadful, frightful, fearful, ghastly, horrid, ugly, repulsive, lurid, horrible, grisly, grim. ANTONYMS: (adj) lovely, pleasant, beautiful, wonderful

high: (adj, v) elevated; (adj) great, expensive, distinguished, lofty, tall, exalted, heavy, dear; (n) chief; (v) bad. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) low; (adj) deep, short, sober, reasonable, sad, resonant, lowly, husky, unimportant; (n) depression

highness: (n) excellency, altitude, loftiness, nobility, greatness, eminence, size, stateliness, majesty, high, grandeur

himself: (pron) herself, themselves, yourself, itself; (adj) myself; (n) yourselves

hither: (adv) here, whither, hitherward, thither

hold: (n, v) keep, grip, grasp, entertain; (v) endure, detain, adhere,


bear, have, contain, comprise. ANTONYMS: (v) fail, disagree, lose, free, deny, remove, lack; (n) separation, repulsion

holding: (n) keeping, belongings, hold, claim, property, asset, ownership, take, retention, capture; (adj) retaining

holiness: (n) sanctity, godliness, piety, religion, righteousness, goodness, devotion, divinity, faithfulness, halidom; (adj, n) religiousness. ANTONYMS: (n) wickedness, unholiness

hollow: (adj, n) blank; (n) cavity, depression, cave, dell; (adj) empty, false; (adj, n, v) concave; (n, v) excavate, dent, scoop. ANTONYMS: (adj) convex, sincere, true, full, meaningful, cramped, valid; (n) hump, bump, hill, lump

hollowly: (adv) voidly, blankly, emptily, vacuously, sunkenly, inanely, insincerely, vacantly, depressedly, sepulchrally, deceitfully

holy: (adj) devout, divine, heavenly, religious, blessed, hallowed, spiritual, devotional, pure; (adj, adv) saintly; (adv) sacredly. ANTONYMS: (adj) irreligious, unholy

home: (n) domicile, abode, house, residence, base, place, dwelling, family, habitation; (adj) domestic; (adj, n) household. ANTONYMS: (adj) external, national, public, away, foreign; (adv) out

honest: (adj) fair, genuine, sincere, good, equitable, artless, heartfelt, guileless, frank, forthright, faithful. ANTONYMS: (adj) lying, misleading, guarded, corrupt, disloyal, unwholesome, discourteous, disreputable, fictional, crafty, crooked

honesty: (adj, n) candor, justice, fidelity, equity; (n) integrity, fairness, candidness, probity, frankness, rectitude, faith. ANTONYMS: (n) dishonesty, wickedness, treachery, deceit, deception, deviousness, decadence, affectation, caution, evasiveness, injustice

honour: (n) fame, award, dignity, homage, celebrity, accolade, reputation; (n, v) honor; (v) respect, celebrate, dignify. ANTONYMS: (n, v) dishonor; (v) disrespect

honourable: (adj) estimable, reverend, venerable, glorious,

honorable, distinguished, above-board, good, worthy, right, noble

honours: (n) first, honors, degree, academic degree

hood: (n) bonnet, cowl, hat, headdress, coif, hoodlum, thug, lid, kerchief, malefactor; (n, v) cover

hooded: (v) cucullate, encuirassed, dermatoid, squamiferous, tectiform; (adj) covered, capistrate, cucullated, draped, enclosed, kerchieft

hook: (n, v) crook, catch, draw, bend, trap, lure; (n) fishhook, claw, crotchet; (v) fasten, hitch. ANTONYMS: (v) undercharge, detach, undo

hope: (n, v) trust, desire; (n) aspiration, faith, belief, expectation, confidence, expectancy, anticipation; (v) confide, anticipate. ANTONYMS: (n) reality, past, pessimism, distrust, independence

hopeful: (adj) confident, auspicious, bright, optimistic, sanguine, rosy, probable, likely, expectant, upbeat; (n, v) candidate. ANTONYMS: (adj) desperate, pessimistic, gloomy, pained, doubtful, bad, unhopeful, unlikely, unpromising, down

horror: (n) abomination, abhorrence, dismay, fear, fright, revulsion, alarm, repulsion, anxiety; (adj, n) dread, terror. ANTONYMS: (n) delight, attraction, proclivity, bravery, calm, confidence, security

horse: (n, v) mount; (n) buck, heroin, junk, charger, knight, pony, rider, trestle, eohippus, dog

hour: (n) clock, o'clock, hours, time, hr, term, nonce, moment, occasion, dawn, dusk

hours: (n) period, duty period; (adv) o'clock

house: (adj, n, v) family; (adj, n) home; (v) accommodate; (n) dwelling, firm, abode, domicile, edifice, habitation, housing; (n, v) lodge. ANTONYM: (adj) public

howsoever: (adv) however, although, though, howso

humbly: (adv) lowly, meanly, modestly, submissively, low, shyly, lowlily, naturally, regretfully, remorsefully, repentantly. ANTONYMS: (adv) conceitedly, haughtily, pompously, ostentatiously, unrepentantly, affluently, brashly, pretentiously

hundred: (adj) a hundred, one hundred, many; (adj, n) c; (n) cent, centred, riding, lathe, soke, tithing, carbon

hung: (n) hanging; (v) Heng; (adj) fatigued, puzzled, decorated

hungary: (n) Republic of Hungary, Magyarorszag

husband: (v) conserve, economize, preserve, save; (n) consort, hubby, man, fellow, lover, master, mate. ANTONYMS: (n) wife, bachelor

husbandry: (n) cultivation, farming, economy, frugality, culture, conservation, thrift, tillage, dairying, horticulture, gardening

hypocrite: (n) impostor, pretender, trickster, fraud, deceiver, fake, cheat, charmer, bigot, whited sepulcher, smoothie

idle: (adj) lazy, indolent, inactive, free, unfounded, fruitless, baseless, groundless, frivolous, empty, disengaged. ANTONYMS: (adj) active, employed, industrious, energetic, meaningful, productive, worthwhile, diligent; (v) change, run, work

ignorant: (adj) unconscious, unwitting, rude, illiterate, uneducated, blind, dull, unaware, uninformed, unlearned, innocent. ANTONYMS: (adj) conscious, versed, cultured, educated, informed, wary, literate, aware, polite

image: (n, v) picture, fancy, design; (n) impression, conception, effigy, idea, form, resemblance, epitome; (v) depict. ANTONYM: (n) reality

imagination: (n) vision, fancy, image, dream, conceit, imagery, originality, invention, resource, reflection, phantasy

imagine: (v) believe, conjecture, fancy, conceive, daydream, assume, guess, consider, fantasize; (conj, v) suppose; (n, v) dream

immoderate: (adj) excessive, extravagant, undue, exorbitant, extreme, unreasonable, inordinate, intemperate, unrestrained, fanatical, fulsome. ANTONYMS: (adj) moderate, frugal

immortal: (adj) eternal, enduring, undying, endless, monumental; (adj, v) deathless, imperishable, celebrated; (n) deity, God, divinity. ANTONYMS: (adj) obscure, earthly, forgettable, perishable, temporary

impartial: (adj) just, equitable, disinterested, unprejudiced, unbiased, dispassionate, even-handed, candid, even, evenhanded, detached. ANTONYMS: (adj) partial, partisan, prejudiced,


subjective, unfair, unjust impediment: (n, v) hindrance, check,

difficulty, delay; (n) bar, hitch, barrier, obstruction, drawback, encumbrance, block. ANTONYMS: (n) benefit, boost, incentive, strength

impiety: (n) disrespect, irreligion, blasphemy, unrighteousness, impiousness, sacrilege, profanity, godlessness, irreverence, sin, evil. ANTONYMS: (n) restraint, goodness

implore: (v) beg, beseech, supplicate, ask, conjure, crave, pray, importune, appeal, plead, solicit. ANTONYMS: (v) demand, grant, reject

importune: (v) beseech, implore, beg, entreat, badger, besiege, worry, annoy, press, pester, tease

imposition: (adj, n) exaction; (n) cheat, trick, deceit, imposture, demand, hoax, tax, swindle, wile, infliction

impossible: (adj) unimaginable, insufferable, unbelievable, hopeless, impracticable, impractical, inconceivable, unlikely, unthinkable, unable, ridiculous. ANTONYMS: (adj) feasible, achievable, manageable, bearable, attainable, on, tolerable, probable, hopeful, easy, consistent

impression: (n) feeling, idea, imprint, conception, depression, notion, mark, image, dent, feel, opinion. ANTONYMS: (n) certainty, hump, lump

imprison: (v) cage, incarcerate, jail, immure, commit, prison, restrain, gaol, detain, lock up, shut. ANTONYMS: (v) release, free, liberate

imprisonment: (n) captivity, confinement, incarceration, durance, detention, arrest, immurement, internment, duress; (adj, n) bondage; (v) imprison. ANTONYMS: (n) release, freedom

incertain: (adj) ambivalent, changeable, diffident, doubtful, dubious, uncertain, unsure

incest: (n) criminal congress, idolatry, adultery

inclined: (adj, v) given; (adj) prone, willing, oblique, apt, predisposed, ready, minded, likely, liable, bowed. ANTONYMS: (adj) reluctant, unwilling, disinclined, horizontal, unbiased, vertical, impervious

increase: (n, v) extend, gain, accrue, augmentation, extension; (adj, n, v) augment; (v) grow, expand,

aggrandize, enhance; (n) addition. ANTONYMS: (n, v) decrease; (n) reduction, contraction, decline; (v) reduce, diminish, drop, deteriorate, damage, abate, contract

indeed: (adv) certainly, exactly, in reality, surely, of course, assuredly, as a matter of fact, admittedly; (adj, adv) really, much; (n) yes. ANTONYMS: (adv) possibly, doubtfully

indirectly: (adv) circuitously, roundaboutly, collaterally, tortuously, windingly, sidelongly, incidentally, meanderingly, secondarily, discursively; (n) curved shape. ANTONYMS: (adv) straight, personally, frankly

inequality: (n) disparity, disproportion, difference, injustice, variance, variation, imbalance, discrepancy, inequity; (adj) odds; (n, v) dissimilitude. ANTONYMS: (n) justice, parity

infallible: (adj) sure, inevitable, positive, inerrable, unfailing, absolute, confident, definite, dependable; (adj, v) unerring; (n) sterling. ANTONYMS: (adj) fallible, faulty

infinite: (adj) absolute, eternal, endless, countless, immense, incalculable, boundless, innumerable, immeasurable, everlasting, spaceless. ANTONYMS: (adj) finite, limited, restricted, small, tiny, slight

infirmity: (adj, n) frailty, foible, imbecility; (n) feebleness, impotence, disability, decrepitude, illness, sickness, disease, weakness. ANTONYMS: (n) health, wellness, strength

infliction: (adj) affliction; (n) punishment, annoyance, imposition, discipline, worry, penalty, nuisance, bother, hardship, misery

inform: (v) acquaint, impart, advise, enlighten, announce, tell, familiarize, explain, advertise, apprise, warn

informal: (adj) familiar, easy, casual, free, cozy, unofficial, chatty, cosy, homely, wanton, everyday. ANTONYMS: (adj) official, authorized, impersonal, uncomfortable

information: (n) communication, data, evidence, datum, note, tidings, report, enlightenment, complaint, counsel, announcement

injurious: (adj) evil, harmful, hurtful,

destructive, bad, disadvantageous, detrimental, adverse, deleterious, inimical, damaging. ANTONYMS: (adj) healing, favorable, healthy, helpful, advantageous, beneficial

injustice: (n) iniquity, wrong, unfairness, bigotry, wickedness, prejudice, crime; (adj, n) injury, evil, harm, damage. ANTONYMS: (n) fairness, evenhandedness, reasonableness, goodness, tolerance

innocency: (n) innocence inquiry: (n, v) search; (n)

investigation, enquiry, query, hearing, inquest, research, exploration, trial, question, demand

insensible: (adj) imperceptible, numb, unconscious, callous, dull, unaware, apathetic, impassive, indiscernible, comatose, impassible. ANTONYMS: (adj) sensible, conscious, sensitive, awake, alive, compassionate, concerned, aware

instance: (n) exemplar, case, time, illustration, sample, affair, pattern, chance, cause; (v) exemplify, illustrate

instant: (adj, n) present; (adj) immediate, prompt; (n) flash, minute, jiffy, point, second; (adj, v) exigent; (adj, n, v) pressing, urgent. ANTONYMS: (n) age, eternity; (adj) considered, delayed, slow

instate: (v) induct, inaugurate, initiate, invest, enstate; (n, v) establish; (n) artifice, plant, generate, engender, fix

instruct: (v) charge, educate, teach, advise, enlighten, direct, drill, inform, command, indoctrinate, tutor

instructed: (adj) taught, tutored, enlightened, intelligent, arranged, instruct, experienced, qualified; (v) erudite, lettered, leaned

instruction: (n) charge, direction, education, guidance, prescription, guideline, teaching, information, injunction; (n, v) advice, counsel. ANTONYM: (n) plea

instructions: (n) direction, injunction, directions, charge, instruction, orders, book of instructions, guide, instruction manual, commission, directive

integrity: (adj, n) honesty, fairness, candor, honor; (n) probity, completeness, righteousness, justice, unity, entireness, fidelity. ANTONYMS: (n) dishonesty, wickedness, injustice, division, decadence, badness, immorality,


corruption intemperate: (adj) inordinate,

immoderate, dissipated, unbridled, extreme, disorderly, inclement, unruly, wild, undue, violent. ANTONYMS: (adj) calm, temperate, moderate

intent: (n) idea, intention, design, spirit, meaning, import, goal, purpose; (adj, n) attentive; (adj) absorbed, engrossed

invention: (n) fabrication, conception, fiction, imagination, creation, discovery, device, innovation, excogitation, artifice; (n, v) forgery. ANTONYM: (n) truth

invest: (n, v) empower, endow, vest, dress; (v) clothe, commit, enthrone, endue, crown, indue, adorn

inward: (adj) inner, intrinsic, internal, interior, intestine, inherent, domestic; (adv) inwardly, inwards, in; (n) innards. ANTONYMS: (adj, adv) outward; (adj) outgoing, external

issue: (v) emanate, arise, emerge; (n) aftermath, progeny, consequence, effect; (n, v) egress, release, exit, result. ANTONYMS: (v) conceal, trickle, withhold; (n) resolution

issued: (adj) executed, done issues: (n) edition itself: (adj) herself, self, oneself,

personally, myself, themselves, yourself

jacob: (n) jack, James, Francois Jacob jade: (adj, v) weary, tire; (v) exhaust,

pall, fag, harass, wear; (n, v) bore; (n) hussy, horse, nag

jest: (n) gag, gibe, quip, game; (n, v) jape; (v) banter, jeer, deride, gird, sneer, clown

jewel: (n) gemstone, darling, diamond, jewelry, trinket, treasure, ornament, idol; (adj, n) bijou, precious stone; (adj) brilliant

joined: (adj) coupled, united, allied, connected, joint, associated, linked, amalgamated, concerted, incorporated; (n) joining. ANTONYMS: (adj) disjointed, rival

joint: (n) seam, articulation, hinge, connection; (n, v) join; (adj) mutual, communal, common, collective, cooperative; (v) articulate. ANTONYMS: (adj) individual, unilateral, private, separate, solitary

journal: (adj, n) daybook; (n) book, periodical, newspaper, magazine, ephemeris, log, chronicle, record, annals; (adj) daily

journey: (n, v) jaunt, go, travel,

cruise, fare; (n) excursion, way, expedition, trip, passage, voyage. ANTONYM: (v) settle

jove: (n) Jovian, Jovinianist, thunderer

judge: (v) consider, think, evaluate, believe, condemn, assess, calculate, guess; (n) arbitrator, arbiter; (n, v) umpire. ANTONYM: (v) doubt

judges: (n) judge, adjudicators, jury judgment: (n, v) decision, belief,

discernment, condemnation, sense, discrimination; (n) determination, discretion, opinion, assessment, adjudication. ANTONYMS: (n) clumsiness, request, tastelessness

juliet: (n) lover jury: (n) committee, panel, jurator,

juration, jurat, jurant, assize, juries, control board, control panel, instrument panel

justice: (adj, n) equity, right, integrity, honesty; (n) judge, impartiality, judicature, jurist, morality, justness; (adj) just. ANTONYMS: (n) unfairness, wickedness

justify: (v) explain, exonerate, vindicate, confirm, absolve, defend, deserve, apologize, claim, palliate; (n, v) warrant

justly: (adv) accurately, fairly, correctly, honestly, lawfully, properly, exactly, uprightly, legitimately, impartially, purely. ANTONYMS: (adv) wrongly, unfairly, unjustifiably, unjustly, unlawfully, sinfully, falsely, immorally

keen: (adj, v) eager, fresh, biting, brisk, avid; (adj) sharp, intense, intelligent, enthusiastic, exquisite, piercing. ANTONYMS: (adj) indifferent, apathetic, unenthusiastic, blunt, unwilling, reluctant, passive, stupid, unconcerned, lukewarm, disinterested

keep: (n, v) hold; (v) preserve, retain, defend, guard, maintain, continue, have, save, confine, observe. ANTONYMS: (v) lose, neglect, entrust, return, let, discontinue, reimburse, allow, stop, destroy, break

kennel: (n) doghouse, ditch, gully, fosse, dike, drain, culvert, sewer, gutter, hutch, trough

kept: (adj) reserved, preserve, retained, remain, store, reserve, hold, lodge, keep, retain, detained. ANTONYM: (adj) broken

kill: (n, v) assassinate, destroy; (v) erase, annihilate, eliminate, extinguish, finish, blast, decimate, execute, eradicate. ANTONYMS: (v) revitalize, revive; (n) hunter

killed: (n) casualty; (adj) fallen kind: (n) sort, form, class, variety,

breed; (adj, n) helpful, good, humane, friendly, gentle; (adj) generous. ANTONYMS: (adj) unkind, cruel, hardhearted, mean, merciless, nasty, spiteful, uncaring, upsetting, callous, disagreeable

kindly: (adj) kind, amiable, genial, charitable; (adv) sympathetically, benevolently, tenderly; (adj, n) benign, gentle, sympathetic, benevolent. ANTONYMS: (adv) harshly, nastily, callously, cruelly, sharply, disagreeably, grumpily, malevolently; (adj) upsetting, unfeeling, sour

kindness: (n) generosity, clemency, compassion, grace, good will, graciousness, humanity, goodness, affection; (adj, n) courtesy, gentleness. ANTONYMS: (n) miserliness, spite, nastiness, callousness, cruelty, unfriendliness, maliciousness, thoughtlessness, sourness, severity, disservice

kindred: (adj) cognate, akin, similar, allied, related; (n) kin, consanguinity, relation, folk, folks, kin group

king: (n) mogul, sovereign, chief, crown, tycoon, baron, ruler, magnate, majesty, rex, power. ANTONYM: (n) queen

kinsman: (n) relation, relative, kin, kindred, kinswoman, description, forefather, countryman, detail, consanguinity; (v) confederate

knave: (n) cheat, jack, blackguard, crook, rascal, villain, cad, scalawag, scallywag, scoundrel, varlet

knee: (n) bracket, articulation, joint, kneel, knee joint, genu, articulatio genus, scythe, zigzag, sickle, bend

kneel: (v) genuflect, cringe, stoop, bob, cry for quarter, dip, duck, humble oneself; (n) kneeling, knee, movement

knees: (n) knee knew: (adj) known; (v) recognize,

wist knowledge: (n) information,

comprehension, science, lore, understanding, intelligence, grasp, erudition, acquaintance; (n, v) cognition; (adj, n) art. ANTONYMS: (n) foolishness, inexperience


known: (adj) familiar, knew, conscious, certain, famous, know, eminent, plain, accepted, published, acknowledged. ANTONYMS: (adj) unknown, secret, unidentified, unfamiliar

laboured: (adj) labored, forced, arduous, hard, strained, difficult, laborious, grievous, grave, weighty, unnatural

lack: (n, v) deficiency, need, destitution; (n) default, defect, dearth, absence, insufficiency, deficit, poverty; (v) fail. ANTONYMS: (n) abundance, excess, provision, adequacy, affluence, sufficiency, plethora, supply; (v) have, own, possess

lady: (n) gentlewoman, Mrs, duchess, countess, spouse, madam, ma'am, milady, matron, woman; (v) squaw. ANTONYM: (n) Lord

lamb: (n) sheep, lambkin, dear, hogget, kid, mutton, inexperienced person, honey, white meat, pork; (adj) naive

lamentation: (n) dirge, grief, mourning, plaint, regret, complaint, cry, crying, wail, moan, condolence. ANTONYM: (n) celebration

language: (n) speech, expression, lingo, diction, tongue, idiom, jargon, conversation, word, words, terminology

lapwing: (n) green plover, pewit, plover

large: (adj) ample, generous, considerable, broad, handsome, high, bulky, heavy, capacious, roomy; (adj, n) extensive. ANTONYMS: (adj) small, cramped, insignificant, narrow, microscopic, compact, tiny, thin, short, slim, paltry

late: (adj, adv) dilatory, fresh, behindhand, backward; (adj) former, deceased, dead, slow, delayed, modern; (adv) belatedly. ANTONYMS: (adj, adv) early, punctual; (adv) punctually, promptly; (adj) ahead, existing, alive, initial, middle, old, premature

laugh: (n, v) joke, giggle, chortle, titter, snicker; (v) smile; (n) jest, gag, jape, laughter, cackle. ANTONYM: (v) weep

lavish: (v) dissipate; (adj) exuberant, generous, copious, prodigal, ample, abundant, bountiful, excessive, improvident; (adj, v) profuse. ANTONYMS: (adj) simple, scant, economical, impoverished, frugal,

unadorned, plain; (v) stint, skimp, begrudge, economize

lawful: (adj) legal, just, rightful, constitutional, true, right, justifiable, licit, regular; (n, v) allowable; (adj, v) permissible. ANTONYMS: (adj) unlawful, prohibited, unconstitutional

lawless: (adj) disorderly, illicit, anarchical, illegitimate, anarchic, unlawful, unruly, illegal, mutinous, wrongful, seditious. ANTONYM: (adj) orderly

laws: (n) Pentateuch, Torah league: (n) alliance, federation,

coalition, association, class, confederation, combination, union, connection, society; (v) combine

lean: (adj, v) gaunt; (adj) emaciated, thin, bony, lank; (n, v) bend, tilt, slant, list, careen; (n) inclination. ANTONYMS: (adj) plump, rich, chubby, greasy, stout; (v) straighten, repel

learn: (v) get, find, ascertain, hear, find out, have, determine, con, acquire, tell; (n, v) know. ANTONYM: (v) reject

learned: (adj) educated, knowledgeable, scholarly, academic, cultured, literary, bookish, lettered; (adj, v) enlightened, wise, knowing. ANTONYMS: (adj) innate, unconditioned, foolish, unlearned

least: (n) minimum; (adj) smallest, minimal, littlest, lowest, insignificant, minutest, negligible; (adj, n) smallest amount; (adv) at least, fully. ANTONYMS: (adj) maximum, greatest; (adj, adv) most

leave: (v) depart, go, abandon, desert, lead; (adj, v) forsake, quit; (n) furlough, permission, holiday; (n, v) escape. ANTONYMS: (v) enter, arrive, stay, remain, come, approach, change, reposition, disinherit, occupy, participate

leaves: (n) departure, leaving, plants, trees, vegetation

lecherous: (adj) lewd, carnal, erotic, libidinous, lustful, sensual, rakish, licentious; (adj, v) wanton, dissolute; (n) salacious. ANTONYM: (adj) pure

lechery: (n) lasciviousness, vice, lubricity, lust, desire, lecherousness, sensuality, incontinency, concupiscence, salacity; (adj) pruriency

leisure: (n) idleness, convenience, vacation, inactivity, rest, repose, relaxation, recreation, pastime,

opportunity; (adj) idle. ANTONYM: (n) work

lend: (v) grant, give, advance, impart, bestow, contribute, borrow, bring, add, confer; (n) lending

lenity: (n) clemency, lenience, grace, indulgence, compassion, forbearance, gentleness, mildness, tolerance, mercy, moderation

lent: (n) Quadragesima, Lententide less: (adj) inferior, wanting, minor,

secondary, subordinate, deficient, minus, few; (adj, adv) lesser, lower; (adv) below. ANTONYMS: (adj) additional; (prep) plus

letter: (n) epistle, mail, character, communication, alphabetic character, dispatch, note, message, memorandum, type, memo

letters: (n) erudition, literature, correspondence, lore, script, scholarship, post, print, mail, letter, polite literature

levity: (n) flightiness, frivolity, flippancy, buoyancy, lightness, giddiness, inconstancy, frivolousness, humorousness, jocosity; (n, v) fickleness. ANTONYMS: (n) gravity, seriousness

lewd: (adj) indecent, dirty, bawdy, filthy, abandoned, carnal, lustful, impure, debauched; (adj, v) lecherous, dissolute. ANTONYMS: (adj) decent, refined, chaste, clean

liberty: (adj, n) freedom, franchise; (n) license, leave, independence, autonomy, emancipation, latitude, permission, scope, release. ANTONYMS: (n) slavery, domination, constraint, suppression, dependence

license: (n, v) permit, allow, licence; (n) allowance, freedom, permission, liberty, authority, authorization, certificate; (v) certify. ANTONYMS: (v) decertify; (n) restriction

lief: (adj, v) leef; (adv) fain, willingly; (adj) glad, acceptable

lies: (n) fabrication, falsehood, lie, lying, deceit, defamation, denigration, dishonesty, slander, libel, treachery. ANTONYM: (n) truth

life: (adj, n) animation; (n) energy, spirit, activity, dash, enthusiasm, being, biography, existence, exuberance, live. ANTONYMS: (n) death, apathy, extinction, nonexistence, lifelessness

light: (adj) fair, facile, faint; (adj, v) clear; (n, v) fire, glow, flame; (v)


kindle, inflame, ignite; (n) illumination. ANTONYMS: (adj) heavy, fattening, nauseating, testing, stale; (n) darkness, shade, gloom, night; (v) extinguish, darken

lightness: (n) brightness, buoyancy, frivolity, flightiness, delicacy, airiness, agility, levity, light, nimbleness, flippancy. ANTONYMS: (n) darkness, gravity, weight, harshness, seriousness

lights: (n) illumination, burn, lung, spacing material

likelihood: (n) chance, odds, probability, eventuality, expectation, likeliness, prospect, expectancy, verisimilitude, appearance, option. ANTONYM: (n) improbability

likely: (adj) believable, probable, plausible, expected, potential, conceivable, apt, prospective, verisimilar; (adv) possibly, maybe. ANTONYMS: (adj, adv) unlikely; (adj) improbable, implausible, slight, unwilling, unusual, unbelievable

likeness: (n) resemblance, copy, effigy, image, affinity, similarity, correspondence, facsimile; (adj, n) figure, form, semblance. ANTONYMS: (n) difference, diversity, dissimilarity, unlikeness, contrast

likewise: (adv) besides, in addition, furthermore, alike, moreover, further, too, similarly; (adj, adv) as well, equally; (adj) even

limb: (n) arm, branch, member, bough, extremity, offshoot, part, leg, wing, appendage, edge

limit: (v) restrict, circumscribe, restrain, check; (n, v) border, curb, confine, boundary, close; (n, prep, v) extent; (n) edge. ANTONYMS: (v) broaden, extend, increase, derestrict, allow, encourage, express, promote; (n) minimum, extension, freedom

limited: (adj) circumscribed, qualified, special, moderate, insular, slender, bounded, scanty, narrow, specific, particular. ANTONYMS: (adj) open, infinite, limitless, complete, wide, unlimited, extensive, vague, adequate, ample, diverse

line: (n) cord, house, course, family, lineage, breed, field, ancestry, row; (adj, n) file; (n, v) order

lingering: (adj) long, chronic, extended, dilatory, protracted, prolonged, residual, lengthy, inactive, dull; (n) delay. ANTONYM: (adj) quick

lion: (adj, n) celebrity, hero; (adj) worthy, great card, tiger; (n) Leo, cat, king of beasts, curiosity, luminary, spectacle

lips: (n) lip, inlet, logical inference per second, chops, porch, portal, portico, propylon, snout, door, orifice

list: (n) catalogue, catalog, inclination, index, calendar, enumeration; (n, v) file, tilt, schedule; (v) enter, itemize

lists: (n) circus, Flavian amphitheater, cockpit, Corso, hippodrome, gymnasium, bear garden, playground, race course, turf, palestra

little: (adj, adv) small; (adj) diminutive, insignificant, short, tiny, some, brief, petty, minute, exiguous; (adv) rather. ANTONYMS: (adj) enormous, large, important, huge, high, giant, older, old, tall; (adv) frequently, well

live: (adj) alive, living; (adj, v) reside, active, dwell, stay; (n, v) subsist; (v) exist, be, abide, endure. ANTONYMS: (adj) inanimate, inactive, silent, dummy, blank, recorded; (v) die, perish, expire

livery: (adj) liverish, bilious; (n) clothing, accouterment, uniform, complexion, legal transfer, color, hue, dye, bailment

lives: (n) life, living, estate, existence, earnest living

living: (adj) alive, live, extant, animated, active, fresh, animate, quick; (n) livelihood, life, being. ANTONYMS: (adj) inanimate; (n) death, leisure

loathed: (adj) unpopular, hated, reviled, undesirable

lock: (n, v) bar, hug; (v) close, latch, fasten, engage, hold; (adj, n) hair; (n) curl, padlock, hook. ANTONYMS: (v) open, undo, disengage, flex; (n) key; (adv) partially, partly

locked: (adj) bolted, closed, fast, barred, blocked, fixed, guaranteed, barricaded, safe, protected, fastened

long: (v) yearn, desire, hanker, languish, ache, wish; (adj, n) extensive; (n, v) hunger; (adj) extended, lengthy; (n) length. ANTONYMS: (adj) short, brief, concise

longer: (adj) longest, better, lengest; (adv) farther; (n) yearner, thirster

longest: (adj) best, lengest, fastest, top, record, best ever, greatest

longing: (n, v) desire, aspiration; (adj)

eager, wistful, nostalgic; (n) nostalgia, wish, hankering, urge, appetite; (adj, n) yearning. ANTONYMS: (n) apathy, disinclination; (adj) satisfied, unconcerned

look: (n, v) gaze, aspect, figure; (adj, v) seem; (v) appear, expect; (n) appearance, expression, view, glance, guise. ANTONYMS: (v) back, study; (n) perusal

looker-on: (n) bystander, spectator, eyewitness, witness

looking: (n) face, sensing, aspect, approximation, appearance, watching, outlook; (v) look at, examine; (adv) about; (adj) superficial

looks: (n) aspect, countenance, expression, manner, complexion, fashion, costume, garb

lord: (n) chief, king, noble, sir, duke, master, God, seignior, nobility, Mister, potentate. ANTONYM: (n) lady

lordship: (n) ownership, supremacy, domain, dominance, manor, worship, authority, power, dynasty, grandeeship, headship

lose: (v) drop, forfeit, mislay, miss, sacrifice, fall behind, fail, to lose, forget, clear, hurt. ANTONYMS: (v) find, secure, recover, earn, obtain, acquire, get, win, beat, keep, succeed

loss: (adj, n) detriment, damage, injury, harm; (n) defeat, deprivation, deficit, destruction, forfeit, forfeiture, bereavement. ANTONYMS: (n) retrieval, appearance, victory, recovery, gaining, income, gain, accumulation, win, benefit, fortune

lost: (adj, v) forlorn, extinct, gone, missing, helpless; (adj) hopeless, bewildered, forgotten, disoriented, broken; (n) loss. ANTONYMS: (adj) present, found, existing, won, saved, aware

loud: (adj) flashy, garish, gaudy, blatant, brassy, boisterous, high, jazzy, brazen, piercing; (adj, adv) forte. ANTONYMS: (adj) tasteful, gentle, quiet, subtle, subdued, low, muted, weak, tranquil, thin; (adv) softly

love: (n) desire, fondness, affection, dear, liking, benevolence, charity, honey, devotion; (v) enjoy; (n, v) worship. ANTONYMS: (n, v) dislike; (n) abhorrence, hatred, aversion, detestation, detachment,


indifference; (v) abhor; (adv) roughly

loved: (adj) beloved, pet, cherished, precious, liked, adored, respected, treasured, esteemed, valued; (n) darling. ANTONYM: (adj) hated

lovely: (adj) beautiful, charming, lovable, enchanting, delightful, handsome, alluring, elegant, endearing, gorgeous; (adv) comely. ANTONYMS: (adj) unpleasant, hideous, ugly, unattractive, horrifying, horrid, unappealing, repellent, detestable, dreadful, awkward

lover: (n) dear, darling, fan, devotee, beau, buff, love, admirer, beloved, amorist, man

loving: (adj) fond, devoted, amorous, kind, friendly, ardent, attached, admiring, gentle, fatherly; (adj, v) tender. ANTONYMS: (adj) cold, uncaring, malicious, cruel, unloving, rough, paternal, indifferent, distant, disapproving, callous

lower: (adj, v) debase, frown, abase, scowl; (adj, n, v) degrade, diminish, humble; (v) dip, drop, cut; (adj, n) inferior. ANTONYMS: (v) raise, improve, glorify, augment, straighten, upgrade, uplift; (adj) higher, senior, over, superior

lust: (n, v) desire, hunger, itch; (n) craving, greed, libido, lecherousness, cupidity, lewdness; (v) covet, crave

lusty: (adj) energetic, stout, lustful, corpulent, potent, virile, vigorous, hearty, sturdy, bouncing, dynamic. ANTONYM: (adj) feeble

luxury: (n) comfort, luxuriousness, extravagance, opulence, wealth; (adj, n) delicacy, gratification, elegance; (adj) luxurious, deluxe, indulgence. ANTONYMS: (n) paucity, necessity, poverty, filth, discomfort, bareness, shabbiness; (adj) basic, inferior, cheap, Spartan

lying: (adj) false, deceptive, mendacious, untrue, misleading, fraudulent; (n) lie, falsehood, fabrication, deceit, dishonesty. ANTONYMS: (n) honesty, truthfulness; (adj) truthful

madam: (n) dame, lady, ma'am, gentlewoman, missis, Mrs, brothel keeper, madames, signora, female, bawd

madly: (adv) insanely, furiously, sorely, frantically, wildly, devilishly, deadly, dementedly, foolishly, distractedly; (adj, adv) rabidly.

ANTONYMS: (adv) sensibly, calmly, sanely, carefully; (adj) slightly

madness: (n) frenzy, insanity, lunacy, idiocy, folly, delirium, insaneness; (adj, n) furor, rage, desperation, furore. ANTONYMS: (n) sense, calmness, order

maid: (n) damsel, chambermaid, lass, lassie, girl, domestic, amah, virgin, maiden, housemaid, handmaid

maiden: (n) maid, girl, demoiselle, damosel, wench, fille, lass, miss; (adj) first, initiatory, unmarried

maintain: (v) continue, assert, aver, preserve, defend, declare, guard, conserve, affirm; (n, v) justify, allege. ANTONYMS: (v) change, neglect, abandon, transform, quit, grant, end, cancel, endanger, refute, stop

making: (n) creation, construction, production, fabrication, manufacture, cartography, devising, fashioning, manufacturing, formation; (v) to make. ANTONYMS: (n) undoing, destruction

malice: (n) spite, animosity, enmity, venom, ill will, hatred, malevolence, cruelty, envy, hate, spleen. ANTONYMS: (n) goodwill, benevolence, affection, goodness

manifest: (adj) evident, distinct, conspicuous, clear, patent, plain; (v) display, demonstrate, exhibit, evidence; (n, v) declare. ANTONYMS: (v) hide; (adj) hidden, obscure, secret, inconspicuous, veiled, furtive, avoidable, ambiguous; (adv) absent

manner: (adj, n) kind; (n) bearing, demeanor, method, form, appearance, carriage, way; (n, v) custom, style, habit

marble: (n) taw, marver, leopard, heart of stone, granite, cheetah, marbling; (adj, n) stone; (v) foolscap; (adj) flint, quartz

mark: (adj, n, v) notice; (n, v) brand, score, heed, label, blemish; (n) sign, impression, character; (v) characterize, distinguish. ANTONYM: (n) enhancement

marks: (v) score; (n) first baron marks of Broughton, footprint, imprints, inscription, path, script, Simon marks, symbols, trace, track

marriage: (adj, n) bridal, nuptial; (n) matrimony, espousal, union, wedlock, intermarriage, alliance, coupling; (n, v) match; (v) marry.

ANTONYM: (n) separation married: (adj) wedded, conjugal,

matrimonial, connubial, nuptial, united, mixed, connected, marrying, attached, unite. ANTONYMS: (adj) unmarried, unattached, divorced, public

marry: (n, v) wed, espouse; (v) get married, link, conjoin, wive, splice, tie, unite, couple; (n) marriage. ANTONYMS: (v) divorce, separate, split

marvel: (n, v) wonder; (n) prodigy, curiosity, phenomenon, amazement, miracle, portent, marl, surprise, admiration; (v) admire. ANTONYMS: (v) disregard; (n) nightmare

marvellous: (adj) fantastic, extraordinary, terrific, tremendous, wondrous, marvelous, wonderful, tall, miraculous, improbable, thumping

master: (n) captain, instructor, lord; (v) control, conquer, command, dominate, defeat; (adj, n) original, head, ace. ANTONYMS: (n) underling, servant, novice, amateur

match: (n, v) mate, meet, pair, fellow; (v) agree, harmonise, accord, correspond, harmonize; (adj, n, v) parallel; (n) peer. ANTONYMS: (v) contradict, conflict, disagree, jar, differ; (n) difference

matter: (n) business, substance, issue, material, affair, concern, incident, article, subject; (n, v) case; (adj, n) import

matters: (n) affairs, materials, dealings, proceedings

meal: (n) repast, farina, flour, feed, banquet, dinner, luncheon, supper, refection, collation; (n, v) spread

mean: (adj, n) middle, low, contemptible, average, medium, common; (v) design; (n, v) imply, denote; (adj) ignoble, hateful. ANTONYMS: (adj) generous, kind, extravagant, charitable, luxurious, rich, expansive, extreme, great; (n) maximum, minimum

means: (n) instrument, agency, income, assets, manner, funds, capital, channel, property, resource, resources. ANTONYM: (n) poverty

meant: (adj) destined, implied, sincere, preordained, intentional, predestined; (v) intend, designate

measure: (n) amount, criterion, extent, measurement, estimate, degree, beat, benchmark, quantity, meter; (n, v) act. ANTONYMS: (v)


guess, estimate meat: (n) food, gist, essence, core,

kernel, heart, substance, marrow, crux, matter, beef

meddling: (adj) busy, inquisitive, curious, meddlesome, intrusive, officious, nosy, dabbling, impertinent, busybodied; (adj, n) prying

medicine: (n) drug, medication, medicament, therapy, physic, treatment, remedy, cathartic, medical science, preparation; (v) medicate

medlar: (n) Mespilus germanica, tree, wild medlar, wild medlar tree, edible fruit, fruit tree, medlar tree

meet: (v) find, converge, assemble, gather, fulfill, congregate, answer, cross, confront, intersect; (adv, v) encounter. ANTONYMS: (v) diverge, disperse, separate, part, leave, differ, disband

member: (n) limb, supporter, extremity, portion, phallus, personnel, appendage, employee, section, fellow, constituent. ANTONYMS: (n) nonmember, observer, skeptic, whole, opponent

members: (n) convention, personnel mend: (adj, v) improve; (v) correct,

cure, heal, doctor, better, amend, restore, convalesce; (n, v) fix, patch. ANTONYMS: (v) worsen, tear, smash, decline, deteriorate; (n) fracture

mercer: (n) haberdasher, linen draper, trader, monger, John mercer, bargainer, dealer

merciful: (adj) humane, gracious, lenient, compassionate, kind, clement, benign, kindly, gentle, beneficent, forgiving. ANTONYMS: (adj) pitiless, merciless, unforgiving, spiteful, harsh, impatient, severe, hardhearted

mercy: (n) kindness, compassion, pity, favor, leniency, pardon, forgiveness, grace, charity, humanity; (n, v) quarter. ANTONYMS: (n) cruelty, harshness, unkindness, severity, mercilessness, ruthlessness, impatience, inhumanity

mere: (adj, n) entire; (adj) bare, simple, pure; (n) loch, tarn, boundary, absolute; (n, v) downright; (adv) merely; (adj, v) clear

merely: (adj, adv) only, barely, purely, simply, exclusively; (adv) but, absolutely, entirely, simplely,

completely, unmixedly. ANTONYM: (adv) intensely

merit: (n, v) deserve; (adj, n) excellence, worth, desert; (n) virtue, credit, significance, value, goodness, quality; (v) rate. ANTONYMS: (n) demerit, disgrace, fault, insignificance, mediocrity, commonness

merited: (adj) deserved, just, suitable, rightful, right, due; (v) due to, richly deserved

merriment: (n) fun, amusement, cheerfulness, hilarity, glee, jollity, frolic, gaiety, happiness, festivity; (adj, n) mirth. ANTONYMS: (n) misery, gloom, seriousness, despondency, boredom

merry: (adj) joyful, lively, cheerful, glad, jolly, facetious, frolicsome, lighthearted, festive; (adj, n) convivial, jovial. ANTONYMS: (adj) gloomy, miserable, serious, uptight

message: (n) communication, information, errand, letter, mission, dispatch, statement, word, lesson, significance, note

messenger: (n, v) herald; (n) harbinger, runner, emissary, bearer, ambassador, precursor, courier, carrier, apostle, errand

metal: (n) gallium, calcium, europium, chromium, cm, cobalt, curium, dysprosium, erbium, caesium, cadmium. ANTONYM: (adj) nonmetallic

methinks: (adv) meseems method: (n) course, fashion, form,

system, order, approach, arrangement, way, manner, formula; (adj, n) plan. ANTONYMS: (n) chaos, disorderliness

metre: (n) measure, beat, rhythm, meters, m, cadence, time, verse, chiliad, k, g

mettle: (n) heart, courage, spunk, fortitude, guts, character, spirit, bravery, valor, boldness; (adj, n) pluck

mice: (n) rats, agoutis, guinea pigs, beavers, gophers, order Rodentia, marmots, hamsters, pests, Rodentia, vermin

middle: (n) heart, hub, core, center; (adj, n) mean, median, mid; (adj) intermediate, halfway, mediate, central. ANTONYMS: (adj) extreme, outer, late, early; (adj, n) outside; (n) extremity, perimeter, beginning, end, circumference, surface

midnight: (n) dark, noon, hour might: (n) power, energy, ability,

influence, strength, puissance, vehemence, intensity; (v) may, can, could. ANTONYMS: (n) weakness, feebleness, meekness

mile: (n) MI, nautical mile, land mile, knot, Swedish mile, international nautical mile, Admiralty mile, air mile, geographical mile, Roman mile; (v) furlong

milkmaid: (n) farmhand, fieldhand, farm worker

millions: (n) billions, jillions, trillions, large indefinite amount, zillions, myriad, large indefinite quantity

mind: (n, v) intellect, notice, regard; (v) care, look, attend, beware, keep, listen, look after; (n) disposition. ANTONYMS: (v) forget, neglect, disregard, disobey, Miss, ignore; (n) emotion, inattention; (adj) physical

mine: (adj, v) excavate, sap; (n) excavation, pit, fund, land mine, vein; (v) exploit, burrow; (adj) my, delve

minister: (n) envoy, priest, deputy, divine, ambassador, churchman, clergyman, cleric, curate, ecclesiastic; (v) supply

mirth: (adj, n) merriment, jollity; (n) amusement, happiness, delight, joy, hilarity, cheerfulness, festivity, gladness, exhilaration. ANTONYMS: (n) gloom, sadness, misery

miserable: (adj, v) forlorn, wretched, unhappy; (adj) mean, low, abject, deplorable, downcast, bad, desolate; (adj, adv) meager. ANTONYMS: (adj) happy, generous, cheerful, cheery, bright, fortunate, hopeful, jubilant, luxurious, overjoyed, heavenly

mislead: (v) betray, deceive, cheat, beguile, misinform, fool, con, lie, lead astray, hoodwink, trick

misreport: (adv) misquote, misstate; (v) misrepresent, exaggerate

mistaking: (n) misunderstanding, mistake, imbroglio, misinterpretation, misconstruction, misapprehension, misconstrual, interpretation, misreading; (adj) mistaken, misleading

mistress: (n) dame, concubine, madame, inamorata, lady, lover, fancy woman, doxy, girl, kept woman, missis

mitigation: (n) alleviation, easement, relief, assuagement, palliation, abatement, mollification, softening, lessening; (n, v) relaxation; (v) remission


mock: (adj, v) counterfeit; (n, v) ridicule, jeer, gibe, laugh at, flout; (adj, n, v) burlesque, sham; (v) mimic, ape, taunt. ANTONYMS: (adj) real, natural; (v) praise, applaud, respect, approve

mocking: (adj) derisive, ironic, jeering, mock, quizzical, sarcastic, taunting, derisory, teasing, sardonic, sneering. ANTONYMS: (adj) respectful, approving, complimentary, sympathetic; (n) praise

modesty: (n) reserve, bashfulness, humility, diffidence, humbleness, demureness, coyness, gentleness, continence; (adj, n) decency, honesty. ANTONYMS: (n) arrogance, immodesty, spectacle, flamboyance, abandon, bigheadedness, pretension, decadence, boldness

momentary: (adj) brief, fugitive, transient, short, instantaneous, ephemeral, passing, momentaneous, temporary, impermanent, temporal. ANTONYMS: (adj) lasting, lengthy, long

monastery: (n, v) abbey, cloister, convent; (n) friary, temple, lamasery, nunnery, priory; (adj) abbatial

money: (n) currency, capital, kale, funds, means, lucre, assets, legal tender, pelf, cash, dough

monument: (n) headstone, cenotaph, tombstone, tablet, shrine, slab, gravestone, landmark, statue; (adj, n) column; (n, v) record

moon: (adj) lunar; (n) month, moonshine, satellite, moonlight, luck, lunar month, GHURRY, epoch, orb of night; (v) daydream

morality: (n) ethics, goodness, virtue, honesty, decency, integrity, righteousness, chastity, behavior, moral philosophy, rectitude. ANTONYMS: (n) immorality, decadence, wickedness, indecency

morn: (n) dawn, daybreak, forenoon, period, prime, aurora, a, amount of time, break of dawn, break of day, break of the day

morning: (n) dawn, sunrise, morn, forenoon, daylight, first light, am, dayspring, aurora, cockcrow, dawning. ANTONYMS: (n) sunset, nighttime, nightfall

morrow: (n) morning, future, mean solar day, day

morsel: (n, v) bite, mouthful; (n) crumb, chew, particle, fragment,

taste, piece, nibble; (adj, v) gobbet, mite

mortal: (adj) deadly, fatal, lethal, deathly, earthly; (n) man, individual, creature, person, human being, body. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) immortal; (adj) eternal, heavenly, mild, perfect, spiritual

mortality: (n) fatality, flesh, death rate, death, humanity, mankind, demise, mortality rate, morbidity; (adj) caducity, fugacity

mother: (n) mamma, mommy, origin, mama, ma, mammy, mummy; (n, v) father; (v) engender, generate, beget

motion: (n) action, movement, gesticulation, play, exercise, passage; (n, v) wave, sign, signal; (v) beckon, gesticulate. ANTONYMS: (n) inertia, motionlessness, inactivity, stillness; (v) dismiss

mouth: (n) lip, lips, aperture, edge, entrance, snout, entry; (n, v) grimace; (v) articulate, pronounce, speak

moved: (adj) affected, excited, touched, disordered, enthused, gone, tense, inspired, stimulated, overcome, interested. ANTONYM: (adj) uninspired

moving: (adj) affecting, exciting, emotional, impressive, mobile, pitiful, poignant, touching; (n) movement, motive, transport. ANTONYMS: (adj) motionless, depressing, stationary, unemotional, fixed, unmoving, everyday, immobile, nonmoving, ridiculous, boring

muffled: (adj) hushed, muted, hollow, inarticulate, faint, soft, subdued, low, quiet; (v) allusive, covert. ANTONYMS: (adj) clear, distinct, audible, slight

murder: (n, v) massacre, carnage, slaughter, homicide, butcher; (v) kill, slay, destroy, execute, dispatch, assassinate

murderer: (n) assassin, cutthroat, killer, manslayer, murderess, executioner, thug, liquidator; (v) butcher; (n, v) slayer, terrorist

music: (n) melody, chorus, musical, sound, composition, monody, folk music, medicine, euphony, drumming, ballet

muster: (v) assemble, gather, congregate, collect, convene, rally, marshal, accumulate; (n) levy, gathering; (n, v) draft. ANTONYM: (v) demobilize

mutton: (n) lamb, em, mouton, mut,

sheep, pork, red meat, white meat, beef, area unit; (v) pilot bread

mutual: (adj) common, communal, joint, bilateral, collective, public, united, concerted, shared, alternate; (adv) mutually. ANTONYMS: (adj) individual, unilateral, private, solitary

mutually: (adv) jointly, commonly, together, mutual, collectively, publically, unitedly, publicly, bilaterally, communally, sharedly. ANTONYM: (adv) alone

myrtle: (n) Vinca minor myself: (pron) me, itself, herself,

oneself, themselves, yourself; (n) I, yourselves; (adv) in person, for myself, in my opinion. ANTONYMS: (adv) universally, generally

mystery: (n) arcanum, enigma, mysteriousness, secrecy, puzzle, craft, perplexity, poser, inscrutability, whodunit; (adj, n) secret. ANTONYMS: (n) explanation, openness

naked: (adj, v) bare; (adj) nude, exposed, open, barren, raw, bleak, unclothed, defenseless, au naturel, defenceless. ANTONYMS: (adj) covered, concealed, hidden, dressed

name: (v) appoint, describe, baptize, list, enumerate, identify, cite, mention; (n, v) title, entitle; (n) epithet. ANTONYMS: (n) nobody, indecency

names: (n) calumny, defamation, hatchet job

natural: (adj) inherent, innate, unaffected, instinctive, artless, congenital, inborn, normal, intrinsic, essential, native. ANTONYMS: (adj) affected, refined, false, cultivated, unnatural, paranormal, supernatural, abnormal, forced, exceptional, strained

nature: (n) disposition, essence, quality, creation, breed, temperament, type, attribute; (adj, n) character, class, manner

naughty: (adj) mischievous, impish, blue, improper, disobedient, insubordinate, wicked, evil, lewd, dark, unruly. ANTONYMS: (adj) decent, behaved, obedient, clean

near: (adj, adv, v) close, at hand; (adv, prep) by, around, towards; (adj, v) familiar, adjoining, approximate; (adj, adv, prep) about; (adj, adv) almost; (adj) imminent. ANTONYMS: (adj) distant, far, further, actual, exact; (v) leave


necessary: (adj, n, v) requisite; (adj, v) important; (adj) inevitable, compulsory, mandatory, fundamental, main, indispensable; (n) necessity, demand; (adj, n) basic. ANTONYMS: (adj) optional, surplus, needless, unjustified, dispensable, possible, unimportant, voluntary, nonessential, inappropriate; (n) inessential

neck: (n) cervix, nape, neckband, neckline, isthmus; (v) make out, pet, love, cut; (adj) stricture, middle constriction

need: (adj, n, v) lack, want; (n, v) demand, desire, deficiency, must, destitution; (n) necessity, requirement; (v) require, claim. ANTONYMS: (v) obviate, dislike, have; (n) option, luxury, glut, unimportance, affluence, prosperity

needful: (adj) necessary, essential, indispensable, required, needed, mandatory, exigent, needy; (adj, v) requisite; (n) necessity, almighty dollar

needless: (adj, v) unnecessary, superfluous; (adj) futile, dispensable, bootless, excessive, preventable, meaningless, pointless, wanton, unavailing. ANTONYMS: (adj) essential, worthwhile, inevitable, justifiable

needs: (adv) inevitably, needfully, indispensably, by necessity, inescapably, of necessity, ineluctably; (n) must, requirement, necessity; (adj) needed

ne'er: (adv) never, certainly not neglect: (n, v) disregard, slight,

default; (v) ignore, fail, overlook, miss, forget, drop; (n) carelessness, omission. ANTONYMS: (n) development, surveillance, caution, affection, cherish; (v) do, protect, complete, remember, heed; (n, v) care

neglected: (adj) dilapidated, disregarded, ignored, deserted, derelict, forsaken, obsolete, antiquated, antique, shabby, unnoticed. ANTONYM: (adj) salubrious

neither: (conj) either, no-one, not either, nor, nother

nerves: (n) nervousness, jitters, jumpiness, jitteriness, restlessness, tension, strain, screaming meemies, apprehension, edginess, extreme nervousness. ANTONYM: (n) calm

never: (adv) ne'er, Nevers, always, not ever, by no means, at all times,

not at all, not, NE. ANTONYMS: (adv) always, forever

newly: (adv) freshly, recently, lately, new, late, novelly, unusedly, anew, fresh; (adj, adv) afresh; (adj) recent

news: (n) advice, message, information, intelligence, tidings, story, report, notice, communication, gossip; (adj) new

next: (adj) nearest, adjacent, contiguous, following, future, coming, ensuing, after; (adv, conj) then, afterward; (adj, v) subsequent. ANTONYMS: (adj, adv) previous, previously, preceding; (adj) outgoing, distant; (adv) before

nicety: (n) detail, exactness, fastidiousness, nuance, refinement, exactitude, justness, precision, correctness, daintiness, elegance

night: (n) dark, dusk, darkness, gloaming, twilight, nighttime, Nox, eventide, period; (adj) nocturnal, gloomy. ANTONYMS: (n) day, light, sunrise

nights: (adj) nightly; (n) night nine: (n) niner, club, ball club,

baseball club, ennead, Nina from Carolina, three times three, ten, nightspot, clubhouse, queen

nineteen: (adj, n) XIX; (n) large integer

noble: (adj, n) grand, glorious, patrician; (adj) imposing, impressive, elevated, majestic, generous, high; (adj, v) dignified, great. ANTONYMS: (adj) shameful, humble, dishonorable, lowly, lowborn, disgraceful, unimpressive, ignoble, modest, petty; (n) lady

noise: (n, v) clatter, echo; (n) clamor, hubbub, racket, sound, disturbance, uproar, din, buzz, clang. ANTONYMS: (n) silence, quiet, quietness, sense

none: (n) nought, naught, nobody, zilch, anything; (adv) not, neither, any; (adj) whatsoever, no, whatever

noon: (n) high noon, noonday, noontide, afternoon, hour, dinnertime, crest, twelve noon; (adj) meridian, meridional; (adj, n) culmination

nose: (n) hooter, neb, nozzle, proboscis, honker, bow, odour; (v) wind, pry, scent; (n, v) sniff

notable: (adj) conspicuous, celebrated, illustrious, eminent, memorable, extraordinary, renowned, famous, remarkable; (n) luminary, celebrity. ANTONYMS: (adj) ordinary, unknown, obscure,

unimpressive, undistinguished; (n) nobody, nonentity

note: (n, v) comment, mind, remark, mention, heed, mark, look, report; (n) indication, annotation; (v) detect. ANTONYMS: (v) disregard; (n) disgrace, invoice

notedly: (adv) renownedly, gloriously, celebratedly, knownly, markedly, recognizedly, notoriously, illustriously, eminently, conspicuously, excellently

nothing: (adv, n) naught; (adj, n) nil, null; (n) nobody, cipher, nihil, nonentity, trifle, nix, aught, cypher. ANTONYMS: (pron) anything, everything, some; (n) all

notice: (n, v) note, mind, regard; (n) advertisement, information, declaration, attention; (adj, v) look, attend; (v) find, detect. ANTONYMS: (v) ignore, overlook, Miss; (n) ignorance, inattention, appointment, unconsciousness

notorious: (adj, v) notable; (adj) known, infamous, illustrious, disreputable, flagrant, egregious, prominent, celebrated, noted; (adj, n) errant. ANTONYMS: (adj) anonymous, reputable, famous

novelty: (adj) news; (n) freshness, mutation, newness, trinket, curiosity, originality, oddity, bauble; (n, v) change, difference

novice: (n) learner, beginner, apprentice, greenhorn, newcomer, neophyte, amateur, freshman, novitiate, tyro, initiate. ANTONYMS: (n) expert, veteran, teacher, trainer

number: (n, v) amount, figure; (v) calculate, total, aggregate, enumerate, come; (n) score, act, volume, issue

nunnery: (n, v) convent, abbey, cloister; (n) friary, priory

nuptial: (adj, n) bridal, marriage; (adj) marital, matrimonial, spousal, connubial, hymeneal, conjugal, wedding, married; (n) matrimony

nurse: (n, v) nourish, nurture; (v) look after, entertain, attend, cherish, lactate, harbor, foster, cultivate, cradle

nursed: (adj) care, suckled nursing: (n) attention, tending, care,

breast feeding, treatment, nurture, suckling, nurse, feeding, treat, rearing

oath: (n) expletive, malediction, imprecation, promise, affidavit, cuss, swearing, pledge, assurance,


asseveration; (v) swear obedience: (n) meekness, submission,

deference, obeisance, acquiescence, subordination, bow, observance, docility, loyalty, allegiance. ANTONYMS: (n) disobedience, defiance, naughtiness, resistance, divergence, chaos, wildness

obedient: (adj) submissive, compliant, good, conformable, tame, acquiescent, dutiful, meek, biddable, amenable, subservient. ANTONYMS: (adj) defiant, assertive, rebellious, crooked, intractable, naughty, wild, resistant

obey: (v) comply, listen, keep, fulfill, hear, conform, abide by, serve, comply with; (n, v) mind, heed. ANTONYMS: (v) disobey, defy, break, transgress, infringe, challenge, deny

oblivion: (n) limbo, Lethe, void, absolution, forgiveness, obliviousness, silence, remission, pardon; (n, v) amnesty; (adj) nonbeing. ANTONYMS: (n) consciousness, fame

obsequious: (adj) servile, flattering, submissive, cringing, sycophantic, ingratiating, humble, toadying, supple, subservient; (adj, v) deferential. ANTONYMS: (adj) domineering, assertive, disrespectful

observance: (n) ceremony, commemoration, observation, rite, fulfillment, obedience, manner, compliance, discharge, conformity, custom. ANTONYMS: (n) breaking, disobedience, disregard, nonobservance, inattention, omission

observer: (n) bystander, spectator, witness, viewer, watcher, eyewitness, onlooker, commentator, student, spotter, finder. ANTONYM: (n) participant

obstruction: (n, v) hindrance, impediment, interruption, check, difficulty; (n) bar, hitch, blockage, blockade, block, hurdle. ANTONYMS: (n) success, boost, help

occasion: (n, v) cause; (n) case, event, juncture, episode, incident; (v) bring about, create, beget, make, induce

occupation: (n) occupancy, business, craft, calling, job, place, vocation, career, function, line; (n, v) affair. ANTONYM: (n) surrender

o'clock: (n) period, hours odds: (n) likelihood, probability,

possibility, chance, advantage,

likeliness, chances, disparity, prospect; (v) dissension; (adj) odd. ANTONYM: (n) unlikelihood

o'er: (adv) on, upon, across offence: (n) insult, injury, guilt, error,

delinquency, fault, misdeed, infraction, infringement, attack, offense

offend: (v) irritate, affront, insult, contravene, injure, disgust, infringe, displease, abuse, wound, anger. ANTONYMS: (v) please, delight, praise, attract

offended: (adj) angry, affronted, aggrieved, pained, wronged, annoyed, insulted, shocked, vexed, resentful, injured. ANTONYMS: (adj) indifferent, proud, unconcerned

offender: (n) delinquent, malefactor, criminal, convict, felon, crook, wrongdoer, malfeasant, perpetrator, outlaw, villain

office: (n) function, position, agency, commission, appointment, division, place, bureau, post, job; (n, v) duty

officer: (n) police officer, administrator, constable, commander, military officer, bureaucrat, official, officeholder, executive, agent, employee. ANTONYM: (n) underling

officers: (n) executive committee, staff

often: (adj, adv) oft; (adv) much, again and again, repeatedly, ofttimes, oftentimes, many times, always, commonly, again; (adj) frequent. ANTONYMS: (adv) seldom, infrequently, never

once: (adv, n) formerly; (adv) before, ever, previously, one time, at one time, already, erst; (adj, adv) erstwhile; (adj) former; (n) whilom. ANTONYM: (adv) future

open: (adj, n) frank, candid; (adj, n, v) clear; (adj) obvious, exposed, artless, free, honest, guileless, forthright, naked. ANTONYMS: (adj, v) shut; (v) close, end; (adj) devious, secretive, concealed, furtive, restricted, limited, reserved, secret

opening: (n) gap, break, aperture, beginning, door, commencement, entrance, hole, occasion, cleft; (adj, n) preliminary. ANTONYMS: (adj) final, last; (adj, n) closing; (n) exit, finale, finish, ending, shutting, postscript, conclusion

opinion: (adj, n, v) judgment, feeling, notion; (n) idea, belief, conjecture, advice, guess, impression, view; (n,

v) meaning opposite: (adj, n) contrary,

contradictory, opponent; (adj) adverse, different, opposing, hostile, diametric, opposed; (adj, pron) other; (adj, adv) counter. ANTONYMS: (adj) allied, alternate, identical, like, same, parallel; (n) sameness, alikeness, confirmation

order: (n, v) command, direct, decree, dictate, sort, rank, array, commission, charge; (n) instruction, edict. ANTONYMS: (n, v) request; (n) mayhem, confusion, chaos, mess, anarchy, disorderliness, disarray; (v) disturb, deregulate, supply

orders: (n) holy orders, information, preparation, remit, briefing, guidelines

others: (n) rest, cessation, lie, lave, LAN, ease, acquiesce, intermission

ought: (n, v) need; (v) had better, should, have, possessed, owned, owed, behoove; (n) aught, zero, duty

ourselves: (pron) myself, herself, itself, oneself, themselves, yourself; (n) me, yourselves, usself

outward: (adj) external, apparent, extrinsic, outer, superficial, surface, outside, ostensible, foreign, outdoor; (adv) out. ANTONYMS: (adj, adv) inward; (adj) inner, internal, deep

overdone: (adj) exaggerated, overstated, overcooked, excessive, immoderate, extravagant, fulsome, overdo, undue, overwrought, profuse. ANTONYMS: (adj) restrained, tender

pace: (n, v) walk, gait, rate, march, stride, footstep; (n) speed, tempo, rapidity, tread, celerity

paid: (adj, v) compensated; (adj) salaried, paying, nonrecreational, profitable, remunerated, remunerative, mercenary, settled, prepaid, apaid. ANTONYMS: (adj) owing, due, unprofitable; (adv) voluntary

pain: (n, v) hurt, afflict, ache, bother, torment, trouble, grieve, anguish; (n) ill, agony, nuisance. ANTONYMS: (v) encourage, cheer; (n) joy, peace, content, balm, ecstasy

painful: (adj) hard, difficult, sharp, harrowing, grievous, afflictive, bad, irritating; (adj, v) distressing, harsh, bitter. ANTONYMS: (adj) content, heartwarming, soothing, comfortable, bearable, agreeable, effortless, dull, slight, wonderful, happy


pains: (n) nisus, labor, trouble, effort, exertion, labour, pain, care, struggle, attempt, strain

paint: (n, v) color, tint; (v) daub, coat, decorate, varnish, depict, enamel, lacquer, apply; (n) painting

painting: (n) portrait, likeness, colouring, depiction, icon, illumination, image, design, coat, drawing, house painting

pair: (n, v) match; (adj, n) brace; (n) duet, duo, dyad; (v) join, mate, link, copulate, equate, marry

palace: (n) castle, mansion, hall, alcazar, chateau, palazzo, house, palaces, regime, fortress, serai

pale: (adj) faint, wan, dull, weak, light, bloodless, pallid; (adj, v) dim; (n) boundary, confine; (v) blanch. ANTONYMS: (adj) strong, rosy, brown, well, glowing, vivid, healthy, clear, colorful; (v) redden, darken

palsied: (adj) paralyzed, disabled, motionless, unsteady, weak, comatose, unconscious; (v) paralyse, paralyze, withered

pang: (n) pain, torture, ache, agony, twinge, affliction, sting, stab, distress, ailment, cramp

paper: (n) article, newspaper, discourse, newsprint, publication, journal, essay, periodical, report, magazine, certificate

pardon: (v) excuse, condone, forgive, acquit, spare; (n) amnesty, forgiveness, grace; (adj, v) justify, exonerate, exculpate. ANTONYMS: (n, v) blame; (v) punish, castigate, condemn, convict; (n) intolerance

pardoner: (n) absolver, churchman, cleric, divine, ecclesiastic, excuser

parish: (n) community, congregation, county, region, province, township, borough, church, grazing land, area, arrondissement

part: (adj, n) constituent; (n) piece, article, section; (v) break, disjoin, divide, divorce; (n, v) branch, division, character. ANTONYMS: (n) whole, entirety; (v) join, unite, meet, arrive, connect; (adv) wholly

partial: (adj) imperfect, fragmentary, unfair, sectional, inequitable, biased, part, one-sided, unequal, fractional, halfway. ANTONYMS: (adj) complete, impartial, total, absolute, comprehensive, unbiased, fair, finished, just, whole, balanced

particular: (n) detail, item; (adj) fastidious, fussy, finicky, exact, individual, careful, definite, delicate,

detailed. ANTONYMS: (adj) careless, easy, vague, ordinary, collective, generalized, slapdash, universal, strong, normal, indeterminate

partly: (adj) half, semi, quasi; (adv) part, constituently, in part, sidely, moderately, halfway, incompletely, relatively. ANTONYMS: (adv) completely, wholly, entirely; (adj) fully

partner: (n) copartner, pal, collaborator, colleague; (adj, n) associate, fellow, accomplice, companion, comrade, mate, ally. ANTONYMS: (n) superior, enemy

pass: (adj, n, v) run; (v) flow, give, deliver, lead, happen, overtake, proceed; (adj, v) move; (n, v) offer, live. ANTONYMS: (v) reject, make, take, veto; (n) failing, rejection, exclusion

passed: (adj) accepted, approved, legal, gone

passing: (adj) transient, ephemeral, momentary, cursory, brief; (n) overtaking, departure, expiration, decease, passage, death. ANTONYMS: (adj) lasting, thorough, intended, lengthy, long; (n) birth, failing

past: (n) history, yesterday; (adj, adv, prep) beyond; (adj) former, bygone, old, prior, over, gone by; (adv) before; (adv, pref) along. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) future, present; (prep) within; (adj) current, contemporary, modern, upcoming, following, subsequent, later; (n) prospect

path: (n, v) course, passage, line; (n) way, direction, highway, orbit, track, lane, means, walk. ANTONYM: (n) room

patience: (n) endurance, fortitude, longanimity, equanimity, tolerance, resignation, restraint, composure, sufferance; (n, v) moderation, calmness. ANTONYMS: (n) impatience, eagerness, intolerance, annoyance

patient: (adj) forbearing, passive, calm, enduring, resigned, uncomplaining, tolerant, stoical, lenient, meek, persistent. ANTONYMS: (adj) intolerant, annoyed, eager, harsh

patiently: (adv) perseveringly, invalidly, quietly, uncomplainingly, persistently, forbearingly, resignedly, steadily, doggedly, calmly, meekly. ANTONYM: (adv)

eagerly pattern: (n) design, fashion, figure,

norm, example, paragon; (n, v) mold, shape, form, order; (v) mould

paved: (adj) cobbled paying: (adj, v) profitable; (adj) paid,

lucrative, salaried, stipendiary, good, beneficial; (v) advantageous, remunerative; (n) payment, defrayment

peace: (adj, n) calm, quiet; (n) harmony, hush, repose, ease, amity, agreement, rest, pacification, order. ANTONYMS: (n) noise, chaos, conflict, uproar, commotion, agitation, war, distress, suffering, disruption, turbulence

peach: (v) grass, denounce, blab, rat, declare, snitch; (n) apricot, Prunus persica, beauty, stunner, peach tree. ANTONYMS: (adj) ugly, disagreeable, unpleasant

peaches: (n) amphetamine sulfate peculiar: (adj) particular, odd,

exceptional, different, extraordinary, curious, eccentric, characteristic, anomalous, abnormal, distinctive. ANTONYMS: (adj) normal, typical, common, universal, explicable, conventional

pelting: (n) successiveness, chronological sequence, chronological succession, hail, rain

penalty: (n) fine, forfeit, forfeiture, amercement, penalization, penance, handicap, sentence, castigation; (n, v) condemnation, judgment. ANTONYMS: (n) advantage, prize

pendent: (adj) pendulous, suspended, pendant, dangling, pending, unsettled, undecided, pensile, drooping, projecting; (n) stipend

penitence: (n) penance, compunction, regret, contrition, remorse, rue, sorrow, atonement, grief, expiation, contriteness

penitent: (adj) contrite, apologetic, sorry, remorseful, regretful, guilty, sorrowful, rueful, penitential; (n) flagellant, religionist. ANTONYMS: (adj) unrepentant, impenitent, unashamed, unremorseful

penitently: (adv) remorsefully, penitentially, regretfully, apologetically, sorrily, contritely, ruefully, sorrowfully, ashamedly, repentingly. ANTONYMS: (adv) unrepentantly, impenitently, unapologetically

penury: (n, v) need, destitution, lack, want, deficiency; (n) poverty,


distress, beggary, pauperism, dearth, scarcity. ANTONYMS: (n) wealth, affluence, luxury

peradventure: (adv) perchance, perhaps, possibly, mayhap, by chance, haply, fortunately, gracefully, felicitously; (n) chance; (conj) if

perceive: (v) comprehend, apprehend, discover, see, grasp, find, know, observe, sense, appreciate; (adj, v) discern. ANTONYMS: (v) Miss, observe, ignore

perch: (adj, n, v) roost; (v) light, settle, sit, alight, squat, land; (adj, v) lodge, abide, dwell; (n) pole

perchance: (adv) maybe, possibly, by chance, peradventure, accidentally, incidentally, mayhap, chance, haphazard, probably, haply

perfect: (adj, n, v) consummate, complete; (adj, n) absolute, full, entire; (adj) exact, utter, thorough, faultless, integral, exquisite. ANTONYMS: (adj) flawed, faulty, wrong, inferior, misshapen, incorrect, defective, used, everyday, unhappy, partial

perfection: (n) maturity, ideal, consummation, paragon, completeness, finish, completion, crown, flawlessness, development, ne plus ultra. ANTONYMS: (n) imperfection, fault, abandonment, ugliness, deterioration

perform: (v) execute, fulfill, accomplish, do, achieve, complete, carry out, behave, make, play, appear. ANTONYMS: (v) omit, rehearse, malfunction, stop

performed: (adj, v) done, finished; (adj) fulfilled

perhaps: (adv) mayhap, perchance, peradventure, possibly, probably, conceivably, by chance, haply, if, presumably; (n) might. ANTONYM: (adv) certainly

peril: (n, v) hazard, risk, endanger, menace, adventure; (n) danger, jeopardy, chance; (v) imperil, expose, compromise. ANTONYM: (n) security

perilous: (adj, v) dangerous, hazardous; (adj) insecure, unsafe, parlous, precarious, risky, treacherous, dicey, critical, dodgy. ANTONYM: (adj) secure

perish: (v) expire, pass away, decease, go, fade, decay, depart, fall, pass, ruin, annihilate. ANTONYMS: (v) survive, live, appear

perished: (adj) decayed, emperished, rotting, annihilated, fallen, lost, moldy, nonexistent, putrefied, dead, decomposed

permissive: (adj) indulgent, lenient, tolerant, lax, soft, broad, permissives, forbearing, broad-minded, easygoing, permitting. ANTONYMS: (adj) intolerant, preventive, oppressive, severe, proactive

pernicious: (adj) detrimental, evil, bad, injurious, fatal, noxious, deadly, baneful, mischievous, mortal, malign. ANTONYMS: (adj) favorable, pleasant, harmless

perpetual: (adj) incessant, continual, constant, endless, eternal, everlasting, lasting, ceaseless, immortal, continuous, perennial. ANTONYMS: (adj) temporary, intermittent, transitory, mortal, unstable, finite, inconstant, occasional, sporadic

person: (n) individual, human, man, mortal, character, soul, human being, being, creature, body; (n, v) party

personally: (adv) privately, in person, intimately, directly, specially, confidentially, secretly, self, oneself, subjectively, particularly. ANTONYMS: (adv) impersonally, indirectly, objectively, collectively, distantly, generally, universally

persons: (n) folk, public, society, world

persuade: (v) convince, coax, assure, allure, entice, influence, induce, cajole, argue, exhort, lure. ANTONYMS: (v) discourage, dissuade, deter, restrain, force

persuaded: (adj) sure, satisfied, easily affected, impressible, positive, delicate, sensible, intelligent, certain, in no doubt, definite. ANTONYMS: (adj) unsure, uncertain

persuasion: (n) belief, opinion, faith, inducement, creed, idea, exhortation, enticement, view, sentiment; (adj, n) conviction. ANTONYMS: (n) force, punishment, dissuasion

pervert: (v) debase, deprave, misuse, twist, abuse, corrupt, debauch, misrepresent, bastardize; (n, v) bend; (adv, v) falsify

peter: (n) Dick, prick, pecker, calamus, bill, beam of light, beam, beak, barb, asshole, bastard

petition: (n, v) appeal, request,

desire, claim; (v) ask, beg, crave, apply; (n) application, entreaty, invocation

petty: (adj) insignificant, trivial, little, frivolous, paltry, puny, negligible, light, mean, minute, exiguous. ANTONYMS: (adj) important, serious, generous, profound, significant, expansive, crucial, considerable, broadminded, enormous

philip: (n) prince Philip phrase: (v) formulate, couch, put,

articulate; (n) expression, idiom, diction, speech, passage, locution; (n, v) word

picklock: (n) cracksman, pick, robber, thief, choice

piece: (n) fragment, division, part, article, lump, hunk, composition, component, opus; (n, v) patch, portion. ANTONYMS: (n) whole, chunk; (v) disassemble

pierce: (n, v) cut, prick, stick; (v) perforate, bore, enter, thrust, puncture, penetrate; (adj, v) stab, wound. ANTONYM: (v) seal

piled: (adj) heaped, dense, aggregate, collective, concentrated, cumulous

pilgrimage: (n, v) expedition, excursion; (v) trip, tour, peregrination, ramble, discursion, circuit; (n) hajj, haj, career

pious: (adj, n, v) devout; (adj, n) godly; (adj) religious, holy, saintly, devotional, pure, hypocritical, devoted, sanctimonious; (adj, v) earnest. ANTONYMS: (adj) impious, sinful, profane, blasphemous, irreligious, uncommitted, secular, irreverent

pirate: (n) buccaneer, corsair, bandit, pillager, freebooter, sea robber, robber, sea rover; (n, v) plagiarist; (v) hijack, infringe

pitch: (n, v) fling, cast, degree, dip, tilt, lurch, toss, throw, slant; (v) chuck, hurl

pity: (n, v) compassion, ruth; (n) mercy, commiseration, condolence, sympathy, clemency, remorse; (v) sympathize, compassionate, feel sorry for. ANTONYMS: (n) blame, cruelty, indifference, harshness, joy

place: (n, v) post, order; (v) fix, lay, arrange, locate, install; (adj, n, v) rank, station; (n) domicile, office. ANTONYMS: (v) remove, divest, lift, dismantle

plain: (adj) ordinary, comprehensible, intelligible, apparent, manifest, obvious, clear,


simple; (adj, n) flat, homely, humble. ANTONYMS: (adj) elaborate, unclear, multicolored, mottled, ornate, concealed, attractive, confused, fussy, obscure, patterned

plausible: (adj) credible, likely, convincing, acceptable, feasible, probable, reasonable, ostensible, imaginable, oily; (adj, v) specious. ANTONYMS: (adj) implausible, unlikely, unbelievable, improbable, improbably, untenable

play: (n, v) act, frolic, pastime, game, sport, exercise, joke, bet, wager; (v) enact; (adj, v) perform. ANTONYMS: (n) tightness; (v) avoid, leave, real

plead: (v) entreat, implore, beg, adjure, petition, ask, appeal, defend, invoke, sue; (n, v) allege. ANTONYMS: (v) answer, demand

pleasant: (adj) jolly, amiable, agreeable, acceptable, nice, charming, kindly, facetious, joyful, pretty; (adj, v) pleasing. ANTONYMS: (adj) disgusting, horrible, repugnant, nasty, gruesome, unwelcome, harsh, shocking, disagreeable, foul, terrible

please: (v) delight, charm, amuse, entertain, oblige, enchant, enrapture; (adj, v) gratify, enjoy, like; (adj) glad. ANTONYMS: (v) displease, annoy, irritate, anger, distress, sicken, disappoint, dissatisfy, sadden, repel, appall

pleasure: (n) fun, enjoyment, delectation, joy, comfort, happiness, mirth, inclination; (n, v) contentment, content; (adj, n, v) gratification. ANTONYMS: (n) irritation, nuisance, boredom, ache, displeasure, dissatisfaction, misery, pain, sadness, worry, anguish

plenteous: (adj) abundant, ample, copious, plentiful, bountiful, fertile, fruitful, full, exuberant, rich, generous. ANTONYMS: (adj) meager, sparse

pluck: (adj, n) nerve; (v) cull, jerk, gather, pick, fleece, grab; (n) grit, courage, boldness; (n, v) pull. ANTONYMS: (n) cowardice, gutlessness; (v) undercharge

plucked: (v) ploughed; (adj) pulled, unfeathered, featherless, moulting, pilled

pocket: (v) take, appropriate, steal, lift, catch; (n, v) sack, pouch; (n) cavity, hole, hollow; (adj) digest. ANTONYM: (v) return

point: (n, v) grade, head, nib, level,

aim, degree; (n) peak, article, dot; (adj, n) edge; (v) direct. ANTONYM: (n) middle

poise: (n) equilibrium, equanimity, composure, assurance, parity, bearing, calmness, cool, aplomb; (v) hover, brace. ANTONYMS: (n) unsteadiness, timidity, clumsiness, awkwardness, agitation, panic

pompey: (n) Portsmouth, naval base, Pompey the great

pond: (n) lake, mere, pool, plash, loch, fishpond, sea, tank, reservoir, millpond, broad

poor: (adj) bad, miserable, piteous, destitute, pitiful, insufficient, penniless, pathetic; (adj, v) meager; (adj, n) paltry, mean. ANTONYMS: (adj) wealthy, excellent, privileged, admirable, good, adequate, satisfactory, outstanding, favorable, dignified, comfortable

portion: (n, v) division, lot, allot, dividend, divide; (n) piece, parcel, fragment, component, section; (adj, n) constituent. ANTONYM: (n) whole

pose: (n, v) position, masquerade, posture; (v) attitudinize, place, perplex, impersonate, lay; (n) affectation, bearing, airs

possession: (n) occupation, ownership, keeping, goods, substance, tenure, property, grasp, estate, domain; (n, v) acquisition. ANTONYMS: (n) vacancy, sale

possible: (adj) imaginable, likely, feasible, practicable, earthly, maybe, probable, practical, potential, tolerable, thinkable. ANTONYMS: (adj) unlikely, compulsory, actual, implausible, unrealistic, unattainable

postern: (n) gate, ostiary, portal, porch, wicket, vestibule, trapdoor, threshold, back door; (adj, n) rear; (adj) side

pound: (n, v) pen, hammer, thump; (v) palpitate, grind, maul, crush, bang, flap, mash, buffet

poverty: (n, v) lack, destitution, penury, need, indigence, want; (adj, n) distress; (n) pauperism, impoverishment, squalor, deprivation. ANTONYMS: (n) wealth, riches, affluence, smartness, luxury, prosperity, fertility, surplus

powdered: (adj) powdery, fine, crushed, milled, ground, broken up, finer, minced, pulverised; (n) punctated, milk

power: (n, v) might, ability, influence,

dominion, faculty; (n) potency, energy, control, authority, domination, strength. ANTONYMS: (n) powerlessness, helplessness, weakness, inability, subjugation, moderation, calmness, meekness, inferiority, feebleness, ease

practice: (n, v) exercise, drill, discipline, use; (n) fashion, convention, habitude, habit, experience, form, observance. ANTONYMS: (n) theory, innovation; (v) perform

practise: (v) execute, practice, perform, exercise, drill, do, rehearse, learn, take, work out, read

prattle: (n, v) gossip, babble, chat, gab, jabber, chitchat; (adj, n, v) chatter, prate, palaver; (v) cackle, clack

pray: (v) beg, implore, entreat, crave, invite, plead, beseech, appeal, importune, adjure, invoke. ANTONYM: (v) reject

prayer: (n) invocation, plea, entreaty, appeal, orison, request, suit, litany, devotion, supplication, asking

precept: (n) canon, decree, command, mandate, charge, lesson, injunction, law, commandment, principle; (adj, n) rule

precise: (adj, v) accurate, careful, close; (adj) correct, definite, minute, particular, delicate, neat, certain, clear. ANTONYMS: (adj) imprecise, inaccurate, vague, rough, careless, rushed, approximate, clumsy, unscientific, wrong, slapdash

pregnant: (adj, v) significant; (adj) meaningful, fraught, gravid, expectant, enceinte, heavy, big, meaning; (v) impregnate, conceive. ANTONYM: (adj) nonpregnant

preparation: (n) concoction, provision, training, readiness, practice, homework, formulation, planning, prep, instruction, drill

prepare: (n, v) arrange, form, plan, make; (v) dress, set, lay, devise, groom, equip; (adj, v) coach. ANTONYM: (v) perform

prepared: (adj) willing, disposed, fitted, fain, finished, ready, ripe, primed, competent, inclined, efficient. ANTONYMS: (adj) spontaneous, unarmed, reluctant, unwilling

presence: (n) front, manner, mien, bearing, carriage, figure, air, comportment, demeanor, company; (n, v) attendance. ANTONYMS: (n) absence, nonattendance


present: (adj, n, v) gift, grant; (n, v) donation, display; (adj, v) confer, bestow; (v) introduce, give, prefer, offer, perform. ANTONYMS: (v) withdraw, withhold, consume, take; (adj) missing, lost, dated, historical; (adj, n) past, future; (n) history

presently: (adv) instantly, directly, currently, before long, shortly, soon, now, at present, readily, just, actually. ANTONYMS: (adv) later, now, formerly

preserved: (adj) kept, conserved, whole, pickled, condite, safe. ANTONYM: (adj) fresh

pressing: (adj, v) exigent, importunate, important; (adj) imperative, immediate, imperious, instant, critical, insistent; (n) dishing, press. ANTONYM: (adj) mild

pretending: (n, v) pretense; (n) affectation, appearance, acting, pretence, mannerism, dissembling, pretension, deception, deceit; (adv) pretendingly

pretty: (adj) fair, graceful, lovely, handsome, attractive, charming, good-looking, picturesque, dainty; (n) nice; (adv) very. ANTONYMS: (adj) plain, unattractive, modern, inelegant; (adv) extremely

prey: (n) chase, game, victim, immolation, quarry, target, mark, capture; (n, v) plunder, raven; (v) eat. ANTONYMS: (n) hunter, predator

price: (v) appraise, assess; (adj, n) worth, merit; (n) cost, charge, expense, figure, fee; (n, v) estimate, amount

prince: (n) lord, potentate, sovereign, duke, king, chief, maharaja, maharajah, ruler, magnate, archduke

prison: (n) calaboose, confinement, lockup, penitentiary, jug, chokey, college, prison house, limbo, confine, custody

prisoner: (n) captive, hostage, jailbird, accused, con, gaolbird, criminal, detainee, inmate, defendant, unfortunate

private: (adj) clandestine, personal, secret, individual, hidden, inner, exclusive, intimate, esoteric; (adj, v) covert, close. ANTONYMS: (adj) official, nationalized, community, communal, shared, civic, state, open, external, commercial, collective

privately: (adv) covertly, privily, confidentially, personally, closely,

stealthily, secludedly, domestically, informally, retiredly; (adj, adv) quietly. ANTONYMS: (adv) publicly, officially

privileges: (n) human rights, rights, openness, license, liberty, liberality, independence, civil liberties, immunities, constitutional rights, generosity

privily: (adv) privately, secludedly, clandestinely, occultly, latently, confidentially, covertly, intimately, obscurely, surreptitiously, personally

probation: (n) verification, trial, test, rehearsal, testing, inspection, examination, trial period; (adj) tentative, apodeixis, apodixis

proceed: (v) move, advance, originate, ensue, flow, issue, arise, emanate; (adj, v) pass, run, extend. ANTONYMS: (v) discontinue, recede, regress, return, retreat

proceeding: (n) matter, transaction, affair, procedure, lawsuit, proceedings; (v) deed, act; (n, v) measure; (adv, n) happening; (adj, adv, v) going on

proceedings: (n) lawsuit, minutes, dealings, proceeding, transactions, record, prosecution, trial, case, naturalization, bankruptcy

process: (n, v) action, course, function, act; (n) proceeding, operation, method, procedure, formula, outgrowth; (v) refine. ANTONYM: (v) contaminate

proclaim: (v) declare, assert, advertise, broadcast, promulgate, enunciate, herald, decree, divulge, notify, annunciate

proclamation: (n) announcement, decree, edict, annunciation, notice, statement, promulgation, report, publication, manifesto, propagation

profanation: (n) blasphemy, sacrilege, violation, outrage, abuse, prostitution, curse, pollution, violence, dissent; (adj) profanity

profess: (v) assert, feign, affirm, avow, state, pretend, claim, confess, allege, aver; (n, v) protest. ANTONYM: (v) repress

professed: (adj) alleged, declared, apparent, avowed, pretended, seeming, supposed, affected, feigned, so-called, purported

profession: (n) employment, declaration, occupation, affirmation, calling, career, vocation, job, position, assertion, assurance. ANTONYM: (n) denial

profit: (n, v) gain, produce, net, increase, help; (adj, n, v) benefit, advantage; (n) account, earnings, lucre; (adj, n) good. ANTONYMS: (n) loss, detriment, insignificance

profits: (n, v) income, proceeds; (n) earnings, profit, lucre, margin, win, accumulation, net, dividend, markup. ANTONYM: (n) losings

profound: (adj) abstruse, intense, heavy, important, sound, bottomless, grave, obscure, utter, abysmal; (adj, v) solid. ANTONYMS: (adj) shallow, trivial, lightweight, stupid, simple, mild, facile, slight, insignificant, prosaic

progress: (v) proceed, continue, go on; (n) headway, improvement, furtherance, betterment, course, growth, development; (n, v) gain. ANTONYMS: (n) decline, deterioration, regression, impasse, decrease, decay; (n, v) retreat; (v) recede, return, deteriorate, stay

promise: (n, v) covenant, guarantee, contract, vow, bargain; (v) augur, assure; (n) engagement, assurance, plight, word

promised: (adj) pledged, affianced, betrothed, busy, devoted, employed, greatly interested, intended, involved; (v) benempt, named

prone: (adj) liable, apt, inclined, disposed, subject, flat, predisposed, likely, prostrate, procumbent, susceptible. ANTONYMS: (adj) upright, immune, resistant, unwilling, impervious, disinclined

proof: (n) confirmation, probation, authentication, sign, substantiation, evidence, verification, validation, argument, experiment, indication. ANTONYM: (n) contradiction

propagation: (n, v) generation, progeneration, genesis; (n) diffusion, dissemination, extension, circulation, transmission, promulgation; (adj, n) multiplication; (v) procreation

proper: (adj) due, decent, modest, agreeable, fitting, legitimate, right; (adj, v) correct, fit, becoming; (adj, n) just. ANTONYMS: (adj) inappropriate, wrong, unseemly, rude, unconventional, unsuitable, false, relaxed, vulgar, unreasonable, undue

prophecy: (n) oracle, augury, prognostication, forecast, vaticination, prevision, prediction, prognosis, omen, revelation, foreboding


proportion: (n) balance, degree, ratio, portion, slice, share, dimension, equilibrium, equipoise, fraction; (n, v) scale. ANTONYMS: (n) disproportion, asymmetry

prosperity: (n) affluence, wealth, success, flourish, good fortune, fortune, welfare, opulence, abundance, good, prosperousness. ANTONYMS: (n) failure, fruitlessness, hardship, insufficiency

prosperous: (adj, n) lucky, auspicious, fortunate; (adj) flourishing, favorable, opulent, easy, comfortable, affluent, advantageous, successful. ANTONYMS: (adj) depressed, unsuccessful, failing, underprivileged, impoverished

protest: (n) demonstration, objection, complaint, challenge, question; (v) assert, object, complain, remonstrate, demur; (n, v) moan. ANTONYMS: (n, v) support, praise; (n) approval, acceptance; (v) approve, agree

proud: (adj) lofty, disdainful, haughty, exalted, egotistical, gallant, pompous, lordly, majestic, overbearing; (adj, v) dignified. ANTONYMS: (adj) humble, modest, ashamed, embarrassed, sorrowful, disappointed, miserable

prove: (v) attest, manifest, evidence, establish, show, examine, verify, essay, check, corroborate; (adj, v) confirm. ANTONYMS: (v) refute, undermine

provide: (v) contribute, furnish, offer, cater, supply, afford, equip, administer, accommodate, allow, fit. ANTONYMS: (v) refuse, withhold, divest, neglect, take, buy

provided: (adv) in case, provided always; (conj) if; (n) conditionally, as if, quasi; (adj) fitted, instructed, enlightened, arranged; (v) foreseen

province: (n, v) district, department; (n) field, county, land, region, domain, colony, duty, sphere, line

provincial: (adj) country, insular, parochial, unsophisticated, countrified, rural, narrow; (n) bucolic, peasant, churl; (adj, n) rustic. ANTONYMS: (adj) metropolitan, broadminded, central, national

provoke: (n, v) excite; (v) defy, offend, enrage, anger, irritate, arouse, kindle, inflame, invite, get. ANTONYMS: (v) please, soothe, mollify, deter, inhibit, dampen, arbitrate, allay, defuse, discourage,

douse provost: (n) burgomaster, chancellor,

magistrate, prefect, archon, syndic, rector, warden, lieutenant, academic administrator, consul

public: (n) folk, people, populace; (adj) national, overt, civic, communal, popular; (adj, v) general, open; (adj, n) community. ANTONYMS: (adj) private, confidential, personal, individual, privileged, restricted, unknown, home, secret

publicly: (adv) overtly, publically, in public, generally, communally, commonly, socially, stately, vulgarly, plainly, usually. ANTONYMS: (adv) privately, secretly, informally

pudding: (n) dessert, sweet, duff, flummery, custard; (adj) pap, jam, curd, clay, butter, dough

punish: (v) amerce, discipline, castigate, chasten, chastise, penalize, strike, avenge, pay, beat, execute. ANTONYMS: (v) excuse, exonerate, pardon, reward, commend

punishment: (n) correction, penance, chastisement, fine, judgement, rebuke, retribution, reward, castigation, execution; (adj, n) penalty. ANTONYMS: (n) persuasion, exoneration, reward

punk: (n) hoodlum, hood, touchwood, prostitute, spunk, hooligan, harlot, tinder, strumpet, rowdy; (adj) bum

purchased: (adj) boughten, not homemade; (prep) bribed

purpose: (n, v) plan, intention, design, project, resolve, purport, end, object; (n) mind, effect, motive. ANTONYM: (n) weakness

puts: (n) stocks, securities, preferred stock, common stock, bonds

putting: (n) placing, putt, botong, swing, puts, miniature golf, golf stroke, golf shot, placing into standby

qualify: (v) prepare, moderate, designate, characterize, capacitate, confine, define, determine, limit, condition, narrow. ANTONYM: (v) fail

quality: (adj, n) character, faculty; (n) class, characteristic, condition, grade, feature, distinction, description, mark, peculiarity. ANTONYMS: (adj) cheap; (n) drawback, inferiority, mediocrity

quarter: (n) part, district, neighbourhood, division, mercy,

neighborhood, region, direction, portion; (n, v) place; (v) lodge. ANTONYM: (v) evict

quenched: (adj) extinct, quelled, out, slaked, squelched, dead, kayoed, permanently inactive, prohibited, proscribed, put out

question: (n, v) query, distrust, interrogate, matter, challenge, demand; (n) inquiry; (v) investigate, inquire, contest, examine. ANTONYMS: (n) certainty, resolution; (n, v) trust; (v) praise, reply, believe, accept

quick: (adj) bright, hasty, agile, nimble, intelligent, clever, speedy, active, immediate, instant; (adj, v) prompt. ANTONYMS: (adj) leisurely, dull, dim, thick, unintelligent, thorough, inept, unobservant, lengthy, long, permanent

quickly: (adv) promptly, rapidly, expeditiously, readily, speedily, swiftly, suddenly, hastily; (adj, adv) immediately, shortly; (adv, n) instantly. ANTONYMS: (adv) slowly, gradually, permanently, later, eventually, thoroughly

quit: (adj, n, v) leave; (v) go, drop, break, cease, give up, depart, end, discontinue; (adj, v) discharge; (n, v) part. ANTONYMS: (v) stay, occupy, enter, maintain, start, come, arrive

quite: (adj, adv) altogether, fully, sheer, just; (adv) all, absolutely, completely, entirely, exactly, enough, well. ANTONYMS: (adv) hardly, slightly, insufficiently, partially

quits: (n) quit, par, even, equal, abandon, leave, quittance, a wash

race: (adj, n) kind; (adj, n, v) dash, rush; (n, v) course, run, career; (n) family, people; (v) hurry, hasten, fly. ANTONYMS: (v) linger, amble

rack: (n, v) torment, wrack, Scud; (n) manger, grid, cage, bracket, stand; (v) excruciate, afflict, agonize

rain: (n, v) stream, hail; (n) precipitation, wet, pelting, flow, downpour, rainwater; (v) precipitate, shower, rain down. ANTONYM: (v) drizzle

raise: (n, v) lift, boost, increase; (v) erect, hoist, grow, enhance, build, elevate, promote, foster. ANTONYMS: (n, v) downgrade; (v) lessen, demote, decrease, level, reduce, dismantle, knock; (n) lowering, reduction, descent

rank: (n, v) range, order, place,


position, grade, class, line, file; (v) arrange, classify; (n) gradation. ANTONYMS: (adj) sparse, pleasant, clean

ransom: (v) redeem, repair, extricate; (n, v) rescue, blackmail, repurchase; (n) deliverance, ransom money, assessment, benevolence, excise

rapier: (n) bilbo, brand, blade, foil, glaive, whinyard, saber, Glave, steel, cimeter, broadsword

rascal: (n) villain, rapscallion, monkey, miscreant, knave, scoundrel, scamp, rogue, varlet, vagabond, brat

rash: (adj, n) foolhardy, hasty, precipitate, eruption; (adj) imprudent, reckless, impetuous, heedless, audacious, sudden; (adj, adv) thoughtless. ANTONYMS: (adj) cautious, careful, sensible, wise, considered, deliberate, prudent, modest, slow, responsible, patient

rates: (n) tax, rate, tariff, toll, charge, dues, impost, rate fixing, property tax, municipal tax, local tax

rather: (adv) a little, enough, fairly, pretty, moderately, considerably, very, relatively, kind of, instead, kinda. ANTONYMS: (adv) extremely, absolutely; (adj) complete

rats: (n) mice, vermin, Rodentia, guinea pigs, agoutis, beavers, pests, gophers, order Rodentia, hamsters, marmots

ravin: (n, v) ravine; (n) spoliation, game

raze: (v) dismantle, destroy, demolish, devastate, expunge, level, rase, overthrow, erase, bulldoze, flatten. ANTONYM: (v) raise

razed: (adj) dismantled, destroyed read: (v) say, decipher, understand,

learn, construe, perceive, gather, indicate, demonstrate, translate, comprehend. ANTONYM: (v) write

readiness: (n) facility, ease, expedition, preparation, promptness, knack, dexterity, eagerness, quickness, fitness; (adj, n) alacrity. ANTONYMS: (n) reluctance, delay

ready: (v) prepare, fix; (adj, v) fit, disposed, willing; (adj) quick, prompt, nimble, apt; (adj, n) available, dexterous. ANTONYMS: (adj) unwilling, reluctant, unavailable, unready, unripe, difficult, unenthusiastic, young

reap: (v) harvest, gain, glean, gather, obtain, cut, receive, earn, acquire;

(adj, v) mow; (adj) clip. ANTONYMS: (v) lose, scatter

reason: (n) account, intellect, occasion, object, understanding, argument, purpose; (n, v) cause; (v) argue, debate; (adj, n) rationality. ANTONYMS: (n) inconsistency, disincentive

reasons: (n) proof rebate: (n, v) discount, refund; (n)

rabbet, deduction, allowance, drawback; (v) abate, cut a rebate in, reduce, deduct, bate

rebellion: (n) revolt, insurrection, mutiny, disobedience, uprising, unrest, revolution, outbreak, defiance, insurgency, commotion. ANTONYMS: (n) consent, compliance

receive: (v) get, admit, assume, have, welcome, bear, obtain, adopt, make, greet, embrace. ANTONYMS: (v) refuse, disburse, lose, mail, present, spend, dispatch

received: (adj) acknowledged, conventional, standard, accredited, acceptable, orthodox, canonical, normative; (v) receiving, current, ascertained. ANTONYMS: (adj) unconventional, nonstandard

receiving: (n) getting, reception, acceptance, taking, adoption, recipiency; (v) receive; (adj) received, accepting, admitting, recipient. ANTONYM: (n) rejection

reckless: (adj) careless, rash, foolhardy, hasty, incautious, extravagant, daring, desperate, brash; (adj, v) imprudent, wanton. ANTONYMS: (adj) cautious, prudent, sensible, wise, responsible, parsimonious, considered, safe, guarded, dutiful, discreet

reckoning: (n) calculation, computation, bill, score, computing, liquidation, clearance; (n, v) count, enumeration, account, estimation

recompense: (n, v) pay, redress; (n) compensation, amends, atonement, payment, consideration, indemnification, indemnity; (v) compensate, reimburse. ANTONYMS: (v) penalize, receive; (n) penalty

redeem: (v) recover, deliver, atone, recoup, expiate, ransom, reclaim, save, free, extricate, refund. ANTONYMS: (v) hock, pawn, lose

redemption: (n) atonement, compensation, salvation, discharge, expiation, repurchase, propitiation, performance, absolution, buyback,

fulfillment redress: (n, v) cure, correct,

recompense, help; (v) compensate, indemnify, expiate, rectify, atone; (n) indemnification, amends. ANTONYM: (v) wrong

refer: (v) pertain, allude, apply, deliver, commend, impute, name, advert, relate, invoke, attribute

regions: (n) area, region, parts rein: (n) bridle, curb, restraint, check,

strap; (v) leash, harness, contain, rule, rein in, confine

rejoice: (v) cheer, gladden, triumph, revel, jubilate, gratify, gloat, please; (n, v) delight, glory, joy. ANTONYMS: (v) lament, mourn, complain

rejoicing: (n) exultation, jubilation, happiness, joy, mirth, pleasure, elation; (adj) jubilant, exultant; (v) rejoice; (adv) rejoicingly. ANTONYM: (n) sadness

release: (adj, v) disengage, exempt, free, liberate, deliver; (n, v) pardon; (v) absolve, acquit, exonerate, dismiss; (n) liberation. ANTONYMS: (n, v) capture; (v) imprison, confine, arrest, catch, hold; (n) imprisonment, abduction, involvement, preservation, custody

released: (adj) loose, liberated, discharged, exempt, open, unbound, release, emancipated, gratuitous, free cells; (n) freer. ANTONYM: (adj) imprisoned

relent: (v) give, give in, melt, soften, moderate, ease, submit, cede, relax, capitulate; (adj) remit. ANTONYMS: (v) worsen, strengthen, resist, stand

religion: (n) piety, faith, creed, cult, sect, denomination, church, devotion, paganism, persuasion, holiness

relish: (n, v) enjoy, fancy, love; (n) gusto, liking, palate, enthusiasm, enjoyment; (adj, n) flavor; (v) bask, like. ANTONYM: (n) apathy

remedy: (n, v) cure, redress, heal, help, medicine, relief; (v) rectify, amend, relieve, correct; (n) drug. ANTONYM: (n) poison

remember: (v) commemorate, recognize, recollect, recall, consider, memorize, think, mind, call to mind, retain, bear in mind. ANTONYMS: (v) ignore, neglect, overlook

remiss: (adj) neglectful, careless, inattentive, delinquent, lazy, lax, derelict, heedless, backward, slow, laggard. ANTONYMS: (adj, v) diligent; (v) careful, painstaking;


(adj) prompt remission: (n, v) pardon, forgiveness;

(n) relief, ease, condonation, absolution, remittance, remitment, abatement, intermission; (v) relaxation

remissness: (n) laxity, negligence, laxness, carelessness, heedlessness, inadvertence, inattention, disregard, thoughtlessness, disesteem; (adj) idleness

remonstrance: (n) protest, expostulation, objection, dissuasion, censure, remonstration, reprehension, admonition, monstrance, mediation, dehortation

remorse: (n) penitence, contrition, repentance, regret, guilt, penance, sorrow, grief, qualm, ruefulness, compassion. ANTONYM: (n) shamelessness

remove: (v) oust, pull, expel, eject, deduct, discharge, strip, get rid of, delete; (adj, v) clear; (n, v) take. ANTONYMS: (v) place, install, add, wedge, take, bring, attach, construct, wrap, restore, provide

render: (v) interpret, explain, give, offer, furnish, pay, construe, return, provide, impart, translate

renouncement: (n) renunciation, relinquishment, denial, disclaimer, refusal, rejection, abandonment, abjuration, abnegation, disavowal, recantation

renowned: (adj, n) illustrious, glorious; (adj) famous, famed, notable, noted, eminent, distinguished, great, notorious, well-known. ANTONYMS: (adj) obscure, anonymous, undistinguished

rent: (n, v) breach, fissure, lease, let; (adj, n) cleft; (n) crevice, tear, crack, break; (v) charter, engage

repair: (n, v) redress, mend, correct, cure, overhaul, fix; (v) patch, restore, doctor, renovate, compensate. ANTONYMS: (v) injure, arrive, wreck, worsen; (n) breaking, wrecking

repent: (v) deplore, bewail, rue, mourn, lament, atone, sorry, bemoan, feel remorse, grieve, be sorry

reply: (n) echo, response, reaction, repay; (n, v) return, rejoinder; (v) respond, react, rejoin, retort, counter. ANTONYMS: (n, v) question; (v) interrogate, ignore

report: (n, v) account, gossip, name, record; (n) description, notice,

recital, story, notification; (v) describe, recount

reported: (adj) narrative, reputed reports: (n) correspondence, data,

intelligence, news represented: (adj) delineate, depicted,

representing, drawn, painted, pictured, diagrammatic

reproach: (n, v) blame, rebuke, charge, abuse, disgrace, reprimand, invective; (v) accuse, chide, condemn; (n) condemnation. ANTONYMS: (n, v) praise; (v) commend, approve; (n) compliment, commendation, approval

reprobate: (adj, n) profligate, miscreant; (adj) depraved, immoral, corrupt, dissolute; (v) censure, condemn, reproach; (adj, v) perverted; (n) scoundrel

reproof: (n, v) reprimand, censure, rebuke, lecture; (n) reproach, admonition, reprehension, blame, condemnation, objurgation, castigation

reputation: (n) name, prestige, distinction, face, celebrity, credit, character; (n, v) honor, esteem, report; (adj, n) renown. ANTONYMS: (n) infamy, dishonor, obscurity

request: (n, v) demand, bid, invite, wish, appeal; (v) ask, order, pray, call for; (n) prayer, application. ANTONYMS: (v) command, grant, insist, force, supply, reject; (n) ruling, response

require: (v) charge, crave, involve, desire, demand, exact, claim, ask, entail; (adj, v) want, lack. ANTONYMS: (v) obviate, dislike, have

requiring: (v) require; (adv) demandingly; (adj) demanding, pressing

requital: (n) amends, recompense, retribution, reprisal, return, reward, repayment, payment, reckoning, pay; (n, v) guerdon

resemblance: (n) affinity, parallel, similarity, comparison, correspondence, likeness, conformity, appearance, analogy, semblance, resemble. ANTONYMS: (n) dissimilarity, contrast

reserved: (adj, n) cold, distant, frigid; (adj) coy, reticent, diffident, bashful, aloof, retiring, quiet, shy. ANTONYMS: (adj) open, forthcoming, uninhibited, relaxed, warm, communicative, talkative, free, definite, cordial, forward

reside: (adj, v) inhabit, dwell; (v) exist, occupy, remain, live, belong, abide, lodge, populate, lie

residence: (n) home, house, dwelling, lodging, accommodation, domicile, occupancy, place, mansion, habitation, manse. ANTONYM: (n) vacancy

resolute: (adj, n) constant, firm, fixed, steady; (adj, v) determined; (adj) inflexible, brave, adamant, dogged, unbending, courageous. ANTONYMS: (adj) weak, uncertain, uncommitted, timid, fickle, feeble, indecisive, flexible, flippant, hesitant, undecided

resolution: (n) determination, purpose, firmness, conclusion, answer, solution, resolve, decomposition, resoluteness, perseverance, settlement. ANTONYMS: (n) problem, feebleness, indecision, irresoluteness, irresolution, weakness, indifference

resolve: (n, v) purpose; (v) determine, solve, decide, dissolve, decompose, settle; (n) determination, firmness, decision, resolution. ANTONYMS: (n) weakness, irresoluteness, vacillation, cowardice, flexibility, indecisiveness, indifference; (v) aggravate, complicate, exacerbate, waver

resolved: (adj, v) resolute, firm, certain; (adj) fixed, definite, set, decided, conclusive, intent, solved, positive. ANTONYMS: (adj) undecided, flexible, irresolute, unconfirmed, uncertain

resort: (n, v) repair, haunt; (n) expedient, refuge, holiday resort, playground, covert, retreat; (v) recur, rendezvous, frequent. ANTONYM: (v) rise

respect: (adj, n, v) regard, worship; (n, v) esteem, heed, notice, reverence; (v) observe, keep, appreciate; (n) homage, deference. ANTONYMS: (n, v) scorn, dishonor, disregard; (n) cheek, insolence, impudence, disdain; (v) despise, humiliate, break, taint

respected: (adj) illustrious, respectable, honored, appreciated, dear, revered, valued, redoubtable, celebrated, glorious, famous. ANTONYMS: (adj) ordinary, unreliable, weak

respite: (n, v) pause, rest, lull; (n) repose, intermission, recess, break, remission, relief, cessation,


interruption rest: (adj, n) remnant, remainder,

residue; (n, v) pause, balance, nap, relaxation, sleep; (n) recess, leisure; (v) remain. ANTONYMS: (n) activity, agitation, intensification; (v) change, stand, deteriorate

rested: (adj) comfortable restless: (adj) fidgety, uneasy,

impatient, restive, agitated, fretful, turbulent, feverish; (adj, n) nervous, apprehensive; (adj, v) unquiet. ANTONYMS: (adj) relaxed, peaceful, lethargic, unbroken, still, contented

restrained: (adj) reserved, quiet, modest, temperate, discreet, limited, reasonable, subdued, unemotional, reticent, guarded. ANTONYMS: (adj) unrestrained, open, flashy, immoral, ostentatious, wild, loud, theatrical, outgoing, extravagant, emotional

restraint: (n) bridle, reserve, moderation, modesty, constraint, control, restriction, curb; (n, v) hindrance, check, limit. ANTONYMS: (n) excess, abandon, incentive, decadence, freedom, unrestraint, depravity, disorderliness, indulgence, expression, incitement

retire: (v) resign, retreat, withdraw, leave, abdicate, ebb, depart, turn in, fall back, hit the hay, go to bed. ANTONYMS: (v) remain, enter

retirement: (n) resignation, departure, privacy, retire, secrecy, withdrawal, seclusion, recession, solitude, abdication, cancellation

retort: (n, v) answer, return, riposte; (n) response, rejoinder, repartee, comeback; (v) respond, repay, rejoin, alembic

return: (v) recur, reimburse, restore; (n, v) pay, restitution, recompense, refund, restoration, render, retort; (n) proceeds. ANTONYMS: (n) departure, confiscation, abolition, recovery, loss, disappearance, penalty; (v) keep, depart, take, remove

returns: (n, v) proceeds, income, profits; (n) earnings, return, census, take, revenue, wage, takings, result

revive: (v) refresh, invigorate, quicken, renew, renovate, restore, resuscitate, animate, awake, repair, recreate. ANTONYMS: (v) demoralize, kill, slay, stagnate, abandon, die, drain

rich: (adj, n) copious, luxurious; (adj)

productive, fruitful, full, deep, prolific, opulent, fat, affluent; (adj, v) fertile. ANTONYMS: (adj) poor, impoverished, destitute, broke, light, plain, lean, delicate, infertile, weak, barren

riches: (n, v) money; (n) affluence, abundance, fortune, opulence, plenty, prosperity, exuberance, treasure, resources; (v) gold

riddle: (n) mystery, conundrum, puzzle, problem, poser; (n, v) screen, sieve; (v) puncture, strain, filter, sift. ANTONYM: (n) explanation

rigour: (n) hardship, hardness, grimness, rigidity, strict, rigor, rigorousness, asperity, cruelty, acrimony, severity

riotous: (adj) disorderly, turbulent, boisterous, insubordinate, lawless, insurgent, tumultuous, rebellious, dissolute, profuse, profligate. ANTONYMS: (adj) orderly, manageable, peaceful, tranquil, gentle, conventional

rise: (n, v) mount, lift, increase, heave, swell, jump; (v) ascend, arise; (n) elevation, ascent, progress. ANTONYMS: (n, v) decrease, drop; (v) sink, descend, plummet, retire, set; (n) reduction, descent, depreciation, ruin

river: (n, v) brook, stream; (n) flow, waterway, current, watercourse, Amazon; (v) burn, beck, bayou; (adj) water

robbery: (n) depredation, pillage, piracy, plunder, looting, burglary, theft, holdup, thieving, freebooting; (v) rob

rogue: (n, v) rascal; (n) knave, imp, miscreant, crook, cheat, impostor, swindler, cad, villain, scoundrel

rome: (n) Eternal City, Italian capital, capital of Italy

roof: (n, v) top, cover, shelter; (n) crown, housing, ceiling, dome, house, household, back, covering

room: (n) chamber, occasion, house, apartment, opportunity, hall, opening, compartment, expanse, extent; (v) board. ANTONYM: (n) walkway

rotten: (adj, v) decayed, musty; (adj) foul, poor, fetid, lousy, putrid, off, ill, shabby, wretched. ANTONYMS: (adj) fresh, superior, unrotten, good, incorruptible, honest, lovely, fair, great, respectful

round: (n) bout, circuit, beat; (n, v) ring, compass; (adv, prep) about; (adj) circular, entire; (adj, v) plump;

(adj, n, v) turn; (v) gird. ANTONYMS: (adj) sharp, slender, thin, square, harsh, reedy, evasive; (prep) exactly

royal: (adj, adv) regal, majestic; (adj) imperial, magnificent, kingly, noble, brilliant, sovereign, purple, August, princely

rude: (adj, n) rough, impudent, coarse, abrupt, bold; (adj) blunt, discourteous, impolite, brutal, crude, mean. ANTONYMS: (adj) polite, refined, courteous, chivalrous, civil, proper, decent, exact, clean, gentle, inoffensive

ruled: (adj) lined, lawful, subordinate, subject

rung: (n) rundle, grade, degree, stage, stair, spoke, stave, crosspiece, tread, step; (adj) ringed

runs: (n) Aztec two-step, sickness, Montezuma's revenge

rupture: (n, v) fracture, crack, tear, split, burst; (n) rift, rent, hernia, interruption, breach, breakage. ANTONYMS: (n) repair, unity; (n, v) mend

russia: (n) russias, Russian, union of Soviet socialist republics, Russian Federation, Russian Soviet federated socialist republic, Soviet Russia, USSR

rustle: (n, v) whisper; (v) lift, buzz, steal, pilfer, whiz, pinch, abstract, thieve, purloin; (n) rustling

ruthless: (adj) merciless, inhuman, remorseless, heartless, cruel, ferocious, unsparing, relentless, inexorable, harsh, grim. ANTONYMS: (adj) kind, charitable, gentle, compassionate, principled, unmotivated, tolerant

sacred: (adj) holy, hallowed, dedicated, consecrated, divine, religious, pious, spiritual, inviolable, blessed; (adj, v) solemn. ANTONYMS: (adj) profane, unconsecrated, cursed, breakable

safe: (adj) reliable, cautious, good, dependable, sound, harmless, innocuous, correct, innocent, inoffensive; (n) closet. ANTONYMS: (adj) dangerous, risky, unprotected, vulnerable, hurt, insecure, harmful, reckless, unreliable, toxic, injured

safeguard: (v) preserve, ensure, cover, protect, defend; (n) protection, care, precaution, security; (n, v) shield, shelter. ANTONYMS: (v) jeopardize, expose, destroy, endanger

safety: (n) guard, security, refuge,


safe, bingle, base hit, sanctuary, asylum, preservation, cover, shelter. ANTONYMS: (n) danger, hazard, instability

saint: (v) canonize; (n) holy man, evangelist, apostle, jimdandy, jimhickey, crackerjack, holy person, ideal, apotheosis; (adj) sacred

sake: (n, v) interest, reason, motive, ground; (v) advantage, cause; (n) object, account, design, purpose, saki

salt: (adj) salty, saline, briny, brackish, pungent; (v) cure, pickle; (n) salinity, common salt, alkali; (adj, n) spice

same: (adj) identical, equal, like, corresponding, equivalent, similar, uniform, even, consistent, matching; (adv) equally. ANTONYMS: (adj) different, varying, another, unlike, other, varied

sanctimonious: (adj) pious, pharisaic, pietistic, hypocritical, sanctimonial, pharisaical, sanctified, unctuous; (adj, v) pietistical; (v) canting; (n) hypocrite

satin: (adj) glossy, sleek, velvet, down, silky, silklike, silken, satiny, velure; (n) cloth, fabric

satisfaction: (n, v) pleasure, gratification, contentment, content; (n) enjoyment, joy, complacency, amends, reparation, redress, recompense. ANTONYMS: (n) displeasure, discontent, aggravation, sorrow, dismay, anxiety

satisfy: (v) please, persuade, meet, satiate, indulge, sate, appease; (adj, v) content, fill, suffice, do. ANTONYMS: (v) intensify, displease, disappoint, disgruntle, frustrate

saucy: (adj, n) pert; (adj) bold, impudent, audacious, insolent, fresh, forward, impertinent, flippant, rude, brazen. ANTONYM: (adj) respectful

save: (v) rescue, hoard, conserve, keep, maintain, preserve, free, protect, liberate; (adv, conj, n, prep) except; (adj, v) economize. ANTONYMS: (v) waste, squander, use, abandon, endanger, capture, asphyxiate, aggravate, destroy

saved: (adj) protected, economized, rescued, blessed

scaled: (adj) armored, armoured, lepidote, leprose, scabrous, scaley

scandal: (n) disgrace, dishonor, gossip, outrage, discredit, rumor, infamy, disrepute, ignominy,

detraction, shame scandalous: (adj) infamous,

disgraceful, ignominious, outrageous, opprobrious, shocking, disreputable, disgusting, dishonorable; (adj, v) base, foul. ANTONYMS: (adj) proper, seemly, honorable, appealing, complimentary, reputable, admirable

scape: (n) flower stalk, peduncle, shaft, scapus, ray, perspective, Peter, prick, prospect, barb, rotating shaft

scarce: (adj) rare, insufficient, deficient, infrequent, uncommon, scant, scanty, few, sparse; (adv) just, barely. ANTONYMS: (adj) plentiful, common, adequate, strong, usual, extensive

scarecrow: (n) hobgoblin, bugaboo, simulacrum, malkin, frump, ogre, jackstraw, shewel, goblin, ragamuffin; (adj) octopus

scene: (n, v) aspect, view, outlook, lookout; (n) background, display, spectacle, picture, environment, panorama, perspective

scholar: (n) learner, academic, student, pundit, apprentice, intellectual, brain, exhibitioner, academician, professor, disciple. ANTONYM: (n) teacher

sciatica: (v) odontalgia, cephalalgia, earache, gout, neuralgia, otalgia, podagra, rheumatism; (n) back pain, pain in your back, back trouble

scope: (n, v) range, drift; (n) purview, domain, room, expanse, area, compass, horizon, oscilloscope; (v) view

score: (n, v) count, notch, scratch, line, cut, tally, scotch; (n) bill, groove, debt; (v) get

scraped: (adj) scratched, worn out, worn, threadbare, frayed, hurt, skinned, damaged, raw

scruple: (adj, v) hesitate, demur, pause; (n) hesitation, qualm, misgiving, distrust, objection; (n, v) mistrust; (v) falter, question

scurvy: (adj) contemptible, paltry, miserable, sordid, low, abject, ignoble, dirty, scabby; (v) base, scurfy

seal: (n, v) stamp; (v) plug, bar, caulk, stop, shut; (n) cachet, hallmark, imprint, signet; (adj) conclude. ANTONYMS: (n, v) open; (v) unseal

sealed: (adj) hermetic, tight, certain, plastered, Solen, shut, impervious, irrevocable, tighter, still, preserved

season: (v) mature, flavor, salt,

mellow, moderate; (adj, v) harden, inure, habituate; (n) opportunity, spell, space

seat: (n) bench, base, behind, bottom, buttocks, location, position, post, posterior; (v) locate, put

second: (n) instant, jiffy, flash, minute, sec; (v) back, endorse, help; (n, v) support; (adj) latter, further. ANTONYMS: (adj) top, former; (n) age

secret: (adj, v) mysterious, hidden, covert, secluded, confidential; (adj) concealed, furtive, occult, obscure; (adj, n) privacy, secrecy. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) known, public; (adj) open, overt, apparent, unrestricted, external, visible, outermost, transparent, blatant

secure: (adj, v) close, firm, fix, certain, confident, fasten, attach, bind; (v) preserve, gain; (adj) reliable. ANTONYMS: (v) lose, detach, unfasten, undo; (adj) vulnerable, unsafe, loose, uncertain, unlocked, uncomfortable, unstable

security: (n, v) pledge, bond; (n) protection, hostage, insurance, strength, guard, secureness, collateral; (adj, n) safety, peace. ANTONYMS: (n) danger, insecurity, unreliability, vulnerability, discomfort, fear, attack

seed: (n) issue, posterity, root, progeny, offspring, origin, nucleus, brood, embryo; (v) inseminate, plant

seek: (n, v) ask, inquire; (v) hunt, endeavor, attempt, look, aspire, pursue, beg, quest, explore. ANTONYMS: (v) answer, grant

seeking: (n) hunt, pursuit, hunting, effort, pursuance; (adj) searching, zetetic; (prep) looking for

seem: (v) appear, feel, seeming, loom, expect, show, beseem, sound, glitter, glisten, gleam

seeming: (adj) ostensible, superficial, illusory, outward, probable, deceptive, specious; (adj, n) appearance, semblance; (n) aspect, show. ANTONYMS: (adj) actual, deep, inner

seen: (adj) visible, clad, beseen, accomplished, discovered, appearing; (v) observe, perceive, conceive, comprehend, understand

seldom: (adj) scarce, rare, few, infrequent; (adv) occasionally, infrequently, uncommonly, hardly, scarcely, not often, once in a blue moon. ANTONYMS: (adv) often, seldom


self-same: (adj) uniform, twin sell: (v) deal, handle, dispose, betray,

give, promote, realize, merchandise, dispose of; (n, v) cheat; (adj) sold. ANTONYMS: (v) buy, wholesale

selves: (pron) oneself send: (v) pass, deliver, forward,

convey, dispatch, mail, post, give, carry, divert, project. ANTONYM: (v) keep

sense: (n) perception, meaning, common sense, sensation, logic, understanding, impression, feeling; (n, v) feel, intellect, mind. ANTONYMS: (n) stupidity, garbage, ludicrousness, nonsense, foolishness, gibberish, illogicality, irrationality, numbness, certainty; (v) observe

sensible: (adj) aware, sagacious, prudent, rational, judicious, perceptible, sane, wise, intelligent, appreciable, sage. ANTONYMS: (adj) ludicrous, crazy, unreasonable, stupid, silly, ridiculous, reckless, idiotic, outrageous, imprudent, mad

sensual: (adj, v) luxurious, voluptuous; (adj, adv) fleshly; (adj) animal, lascivious, sexy, sexual, libidinous, lewd, gross, licentious

sent: (adj) dispatched, imported, ecstatic, blissful, fascinated, intoxicated; (v) transmit. ANTONYM: (adj) unsent

sentence: (v) condemn, convict, judge, damn; (n) finding, phrase, conviction, punishment; (n, v) decision, doom, condemnation. ANTONYMS: (n) reward, absolution; (v) absolve, acquit

sentenced: (adj) doomed, guilty sequent: (adj) subsequent,

consequent, successive, serial, sequential, following, ensuant, resulting, resultant, chronological; (n) sequel

servant: (n) manservant, domestic, lackey, maid, employee, flunkey, retainer, boy, footman, flunky, menial. ANTONYMS: (n) master, mistress

serve: (adj, n, v) avail; (v) assist, aid, act, benefit, tend, attend, operate, function, do; (n, v) officiate

service: (n, v) overhaul, serve, refit, assist; (n) aid, employment, assistance, avail, ministration, ceremony; (v) attendance. ANTONYMS: (n) disservice, damage, hindrance, uselessness

session: (n) sitting, seance, assembly, conference, consultation,

convention, semester, bout, meet, congress, council

settled: (adj) definite, set, firm, permanent, certain, calm, established, decided, formed, defined, finished. ANTONYMS: (adj) unsettled, exciting, temporary

seven: (adj, n) VII; (n) September, septet, week, nine, knave, king, jack, queen, digit, Sevener

seventeen: (n) large integer several: (adj, v) diverse, divers,

sundry; (adj, n) a few, some; (adj) various, individual, different, particular, special, numerous. ANTONYMS: (adj) joint, all, none

severally: (adv) separately, respectively, singly, variously, sundrily, independently, particularly, several, distinctly, apart; (adj, adv) one by one

severe: (adj, n) rigid, austere, inclement, rough, hard; (adj, v) biting, cutting; (adj) rigorous, bad, intense, heavy. ANTONYMS: (adj) mild, lenient, slight, easy, lax, cordial, kindly, kind, approving, funny, moderate

severity: (n) rigor, austerity, harshness, roughness, intensity, inclemency, asperity, gravity, hardness, tyranny, violence. ANTONYMS: (n) leniency, pleasantness, flexibility, clemency, softness, insignificance, warmth, lenience, brightness

shadow: (n) ghost, darkness, apparition, follower, gloom, reflection; (n, v) eclipse, trace, tail, hint; (v) follow. ANTONYMS: (v) brighten, lead; (n) brightness, pallor

shake: (n, v) jolt, beat, jar, quiver, wave; (v) agitate, excite, disturb; (adv, v) brandish; (adj, v) quake, totter. ANTONYMS: (v) soothe, steady

shall: (n) must, necessity; (v) require, bequeath, leave

shame: (n, v) disgrace, dishonor, discredit, humiliate, degrade, chagrin; (n) humiliation, modesty, scandal, insult; (v) abash. ANTONYMS: (n) pride, glorification, making, worthiness; (v) acknowledge, glorify, respect, dignify

shamed: (adj) dishonored, ashamed, hangdog, guilty, discredited, abashed, sheepish, embarrassed, shamefaced, bullied, cowed

shape: (n, v) cast, mold, fashion, mould, model, make, design; (n)

pattern, figure; (v) determine, influence

share: (n, v) portion, allot, part, distribute, apportion, deal, divide; (v) participate, partake, dispense; (n) dole. ANTONYM: (v) refrain

sharp: (adj, n, v) keen, acute, bitter; (adj) intelligent, intense, incisive; (adj, v) biting, acid, acrid, severe, harsh. ANTONYMS: (adj) dull, mild, gentle, sweet, rounded, bland, round, smooth, blurred, naive, kind

shave: (v) scrape, reduce, pare, cut, brush, chip, whittle, crop; (adj, v) clip, shear, lop. ANTONYMS: (v) augment, expand, lengthen

shears: (n) clippers, clipper, shear, pair of scissors, snips, shearing machine, pruning shears; (adj, n) cutters

shekels: (n) dough, moolah, kale, bread, cabbage, gelt, pelf, loot, dinero, wampum, cash

shepherd: (n) clergyman, sheepman, minister, herdsman, sheepherder, priest, presbyter; (v) lead, conduct, guide, guard

shield: (n, v) shelter, screen, cover, guard, safeguard, buffer; (v) preserve, secure, defend, hide; (n) protection. ANTONYMS: (n) danger, exposure; (v) endanger, attack, reveal

shore: (n) coast, edge, beach, seashore, stay, seaside, brace, margin; (n, v) prop, land, buttress. ANTONYM: (n) sea

short: (adj, v) concise, close; (adj) scarce, curt, brusque, sharp, compendious, laconic, deficient, scanty, diminutive. ANTONYMS: (adj) long, high, lengthy, unabridged, sufficient, slender, rangy, rambling, overlong, extended, plentiful

shorter: (adj) smaller, inferior shortly: (adv) presently, curtly,

before long, soon, concisely, brusquely, abruptly, tersely, succinctly; (adj, adv) immediately, summarily. ANTONYMS: (adv) politely, pleasantly, verbosely, later

show: (adj, n, v) present, appearance; (n, v) exhibit, produce, broadcast, indicate, parade; (v) point out; (n) presentation, ostentation; (adj, v) guide. ANTONYMS: (v) disprove, hide, withhold, suppress, disappear, cover, absorb; (n) concealment

showing: (n) display, screening, exhibit, revelation, viewing, appearance, exhibition, exposition,


presentation, exposure; (adj) exhibiting

shrewd: (adj) sharp, astute, keen, piercing, clever, cunning, bright; (adj, v) sagacious, knowing, crafty, prudent. ANTONYMS: (adj) foolish, gullible, naive, soft, candid, dim, innocent, guileless, obtuse, indiscriminate

shrift: (n) confession, sackcloth and ashes, maceration, fasting, absolution, flagellation, lustration, white sheet, shriving

sick: (adj) ill, queasy, poorly, ailing, weary, diseased, sickly, morbid; (adj, v) indisposed, unwell; (adj, n) invalid. ANTONYMS: (adj) healthy, fond, wholesome

sicken: (v) repel, nauseate, revolt, disgust, pall, shock, offend, appall, scandalize, get sick, languish. ANTONYMS: (v) attract, delight

side: (n) rim, faction, brink, direction, hand, aspect, margin; (adj, n) part; (n, v) party, border, face. ANTONYMS: (adj) distant, central, major, primary; (n) back, front, center, middle; (v) straddle

siege: (n) blockade, envelopment, encirclement, investment, besieging; (v) beleaguer, encompass, environ, envelop, encircle, beset

sigh: (n, v) groan, suspire, murmur; (v) breathe, languish, pine; (n) breath, wail, whimper, whine, suspiration

sight: (n, v) vision, glimpse, show, aspect, appearance; (v) aim, spot, see; (n) view, prospect, scene

signet: (n) sigil, completion, key, ratification, signature, imprint, talisman, mark, cachet, stamp, arms

signify: (n, v) intend, mark; (adj, n, v) import; (v) imply, indicate, denote, point, stand for, express, intimate, matter

signior: (n) don, man, Mr, adult male, signor

silence: (adj, n, v) calm, still; (int, n, v) hush; (n, v) lull; (n) mum; (adj, v) appease; (v) mute, allay, pacify, muzzle; (int, v) shut up. ANTONYMS: (n) sound, openness, uproar, movement; (v) amplify, Louden, encourage, rouse

simple: (adj, n) plain, humble, innocent, rustic; (adj) homely, elementary, natural; (adj, v) pure, clear, mere, downright. ANTONYMS: (adj) complex, complicated, compound, elaborate, difficult, multiple, obscure, ornate,

problematical, sophisticated, confusing

since: (adv, conj, prep) because, seeing that; (adv, prep) afterwards, before; (adv, conj) for, as; (adj, adv) ago; (conj) whereas; (prep) from, of; (adv) after

sincerity: (adj, n) candor, honesty, integrity, probity, faithfulness; (n) earnestness, heartiness, genuineness, candour, frankness, cordiality. ANTONYMS: (n) dishonesty, hypocrisy, flippancy, frivolity, affectedness, caution, reticence, deceit, doubt

sinew: (n) brawn, potency, power, force, might, vigour, energy, strength, beef; (adj, n) muscle, nerve

singing: (v) sing; (n) chanting, caroling, crooning, hymnody, humming, intonation, scat, psalmody, harmonization; (adj) cantabile. ANTONYM: (adj) silent

sinister: (adj) dark, forbidding, black, menacing, wicked, baleful, threatening, malevolent, malign, inauspicious, vicious. ANTONYMS: (adj) innocent, hospitable, good, normal, favorable

sister: (n) nurse, nun, brother, sisters, older sister, mate, twin, pair, fellow companion, double, match. ANTONYM: (n) brother

sisterhood: (n) sorority, family relationship, relationship, Women's Liberation, cousinhood, society, fellowship, order, kinship, sistership

sisterly: (adj) sororal, fatherly, motherly, sisterlike. ANTONYM: (adj) brotherly

sits: (n) sat sitting: (n) session, seat, seance,

meeting, seating, conference, posing; (adj) seated, inactive; (v) incubation, batching. ANTONYMS: (adj) standing, active

skill: (n) artifice, capacity, capability, knack, ability, faculty, finesse, cleverness, expertise; (adj, n) craft, cunning. ANTONYMS: (n) clumsiness, incompetence, uselessness, stupidity, ineptness, tactlessness, inexperience, ignorance, inaccuracy, delay, drawback

skins: (n) cash, folding money slander: (n, v) scandal, insult,

calumniate; (adj, v) defame, asperse; (n) defamation, aspersion, obloquy, disparagement; (adj, n) abuse; (v) denigrate. ANTONYMS: (n, v) acclaim; (v) compliment; (n)

acclamation slandered: (adj) bespattered,

calumniated slanderous: (adj) defamatory,

libelous, scandalous, calumniatory, calumnious, abusive, injurious, derogatory, libellous, denigrative, insulting. ANTONYM: (adj) complimentary

sleep: (n, v) nap, repose, doze, kip, slumber, catnap; (adj, n, v) lie; (v) hibernate, nod; (n) dream; (adj, v) lodge. ANTONYMS: (v) awaken; (n) alertness, agitation

sleepy: (adj) drowsy, dozy, slow, lazy, hypnotic, inactive, comatose, dull, heavy, dreamy; (adv) asleep. ANTONYMS: (adj) awake, energetic, vigorous, clear, lively, refreshed

sliding: (n) skating, shifting; (adj) gliding, down, downhill, slippery, labent, descending, downward; (v) to slide

slip: (adj, n, v) lapse, miss; (adj, n) fault, blunder; (n, v) slide, drop, mistake, escape, skid, trip; (n) cutting. ANTONYM: (n) invoice

smack: (adv, n, v) slap, bang; (n, v) savor, knock, kiss, hit, buss, wallop; (n) flavor, blow; (adj, n) dash

smallest: (adj) least, minimal, littlest, lowest, last, first, negligible, smallest number of, bottom, littler. ANTONYM: (adj) maximum

smell: (n, v) odor, scent, savor, perfume, stink, stench; (v) nose; (n) fragrance, bouquet, savour, odour

smelt: (v) fuse, temper, anneal, to smelt, distill, refine, heat; (n) sparling, capelan, caplin, capelin

smile: (n) grin, grinning, smiling, luck, facial expression; (v) laugh, beam, chuckle, simper; (n, v) grimace; (adv) smilingly. ANTONYMS: (n, v) scowl; (v) glower

snatches: (n) grasp, gain, catch societies: (n) society, community soft: (adj, adv) easy, quiet; (adj) limp,

light, balmy, delicate, slack, loose, smooth; (adj, v) feeble; (adj, adv, v) low. ANTONYMS: (adj) hard, firm, harsh, loud, hoarse, stiff, rough, solid, strong, shrill, alcoholic

soften: (adj, v) moderate, mitigate, mollify, assuage, relieve; (v) melt, dull, relent, mute, alleviate; (adj, n, v) palliate. ANTONYMS: (v) harden, solidify, set, congeal, exacerbate, freeze, sharpen, stand, increase

soil: (adj, n) dirt; (adj, v) smudge; (v)


pollute, dirty, contaminate, mire; (n, v) grime; (n) land, dust, earth; (adj, n, v) blot. ANTONYMS: (v) wash, cleanse, purify; (n) sea

soldier: (n) warrior, fighter, serviceman, champion, ranker, military personnel, swordsman, trooper, cavalryman, guardsman, janissary

solemnity: (n) seriousness, sobriety, earnestness, formality, ceremony, impressiveness, austerity, sedateness, display, pomp, grandeur. ANTONYMS: (n) humor, levity, cheerfulness, understatement

something: (n) what, object, thing, article, entity, substance, somebody; (adv, n) somewhat; (adv) rather, a little, kinda. ANTONYM: (pron) nothing

sometime: (adv) someday, once, one day, formerly, sooner or later; (adj) quondam, erstwhile, former, old, late; (adj, adv) sometimes

sometimes: (adv) from time to time, occasionally, every now and then, now and again, every so often, once, sometime, once in a while, formerly; (n) at times; (adj, adv) on and off. ANTONYM: (adv) regularly

somewhat: (adv) slightly, a little, fairly, a bit, reasonably, pretty, moderately, sort of; (adv, v) little; (adv, pron) partly; (adj, adv) something. ANTONYMS: (adv) considerably, very, unreasonably, totally, hugely, completely, closely, massively, absolutely, wholly

song: (adj, v) lay; (n, v) ditty, chant; (n) air, strain, cry, warble, canto, poem; (v) sing; (adj) ballad

soon: (adv) shortly, presently, anon, immediately, directly, at once, before long, betimes, quickly, promptly; (adj, adv) early. ANTONYMS: (adv) now, eventually, later, slowly

sooner: (adj, adv) rather, earlier, before, preferably, instead; (adv) first, before now, faster, previously, beforehand; (adj) prior

sooth: (n) verity, soothsaying, fact, truth, reality

sorrow: (n, v) regret, lament, grieve; (v) mourn; (n) mourning, heartache, repentance, remorse; (adj, n) sadness, misery; (adj, n, v) distress. ANTONYMS: (n) joy, delight, happiness, peace, hopefulness, cheerfulness, shamelessness, calm, content; (v) rejoice

sorry: (adj) pathetic, sorrowful,

remorseful, contrite, pitiful, pitiable, piteous, penitent, paltry, base, sad. ANTONYMS: (adj) glad, happy, admirable, unremorseful, fine

sort: (adj, n, v) class; (n, v) type, group, rank; (n) variety, breed, assortment, form, pattern; (adj, n) manner, description

soul: (n) creature, human, person, personification, ghost, individual, mind, essence, life, self; (adj, n) heart. ANTONYMS: (n) surface, body

sound: (n, v) chime, echo, peal; (adj) reasonable, complete, healthy, sensible, sane, rational; (adj, v) fit, fast. ANTONYMS: (adj) illogical, unsound, confused, unreliable, flawed, flimsy, silent, weak, unreasonable; (n) silence; (v) devoice

sounded: (adj) measured, oral soundly: (adv) sound, fully, solidly,

thoroughly, deeply, substantially, validly, strongly, stably, fastly, safely. ANTONYMS: (adv) harmfully, halfheartedly, fitfully, unconvincingly

sovereignty: (n) reign, empire, rule, realm, power, autonomy, independence, dominion, majesty, monarchy, control. ANTONYMS: (n) restriction, subjugation

spare: (adj, v) free, reserve, save, thin; (adj) slender, slight, additional, lean; (adj, n) extra, excess; (v) exempt. ANTONYMS: (n) shortfall, original; (adj) principal, fat, basic, abundant, stout; (v) need, include

sparrows: (n) sparrow, finches, order Passeriformes, Passeriformes, robins, rooks, etc

speak: (adj, v) pronounce, utter; (v) converse, say, deliver, articulate, recite, talk, discourse, lecture; (n) language

speaking: (n) talk, discourse, speech, public speaking, reading, oral presentation, recital, recitation, disputation; (v) speak; (adj) expressive. ANTONYMS: (adj) nonspeaking, silent

speaks: (n) talks special: (adj) particular, rare, limited,

individual, especial, different, distinguished, distinct, express, private, separate. ANTONYMS: (adj) general, basic, collective, everyday, unremarkable, vague, normal, Standard, common, public, universal

speech: (n) lecture, expression,

language, conversation, sermon, diction, communication; (n, v) delivery, discourse, say, saying

speechless: (adj) silent, mute, dumb, dumbfounded, voiceless, quiet, tongueless, tacit, noiseless, mum, wordless. ANTONYMS: (adj) loquacious, eloquent, talkative

speed: (n, v) hurry, hasten, rush, race, dispatch; (v) quicken, run, dash, expedite; (n) velocity, rapidity. ANTONYMS: (n) amble, tardiness; (v) decelerate, hinder, linger, delay, crawl

speeded: (adj) sudden speedily: (adj, adv) quickly, quick,

immediately; (adv) rapidly, promptly, hastily, swiftly, fast, apace, hurriedly, fleetly. ANTONYMS: (adv) later, eventually

spiders: (n) horseshoe crabs, Araneida, order Araneae, order Araneida, scorpions, Araneae

spirit: (n, v) courage, mind; (n) mood, ghost, apparition, disposition, energy, essence, soul, phantom; (adj, n) animation. ANTONYMS: (n) lethargy, body, cowardice, surface, sluggishness, lifelessness, defeatism

spirits: (n) alcohol, booze, humor, frame of mind, liqueur, strong drink, hard drink; (adj) cheer, geniality, good humor; (v) wine

spit: (v) drizzle, expectorate, sprinkle, spew, drool, spike, spatter; (n) broach, saliva, cape; (n, v) skewer

splay: (v) dislocate, expand, flare, slip, displace, slope, slant, spay, diffuse; (adj) flat, clumsy

spoke: (n) bar, rung, radius, rule, shoe, skid, rundle, line, clog, round; (v) said

spoken: (adj) verbal, expressed, speaking, speak, unwritten, vocal, voiced, talk, said, informal, conversational. ANTONYMS: (adj) written, unspoken, tacit, formal, silent

sport: (n, v) play, pastime, jest, diversion, romp, joke, disport, gambol; (n) fun, amusement, recreation. ANTONYMS: (n) work; (v) conceal

stage: (n, v) phase; (n) floor, point, period, level, degree, proscenium, arena, layer; (v) present, order

stagger: (adj, adv, v) startle; (v) astonish, reel, shock, hobble, shake, flounder, totter; (n, v) lurch, pitch; (adj, v) flabbergast

stain: (n, v) spot, blemish, tarnish, blot, dye, smear, disgrace, mark,


soil, dirt, defile. ANTONYMS: (v) enhance, dignify, clean

stamped: (adj) beaten, marked, pressed, printed; (v) fixed, engraved

stand: (v) endure, undergo; (n) rack, booth, attitude, base, pedestal; (n, v) live, position; (adj, v) suffer, tolerate. ANTONYMS: (v) sit, lie, yield, forbid; (n) top

stands: (n) bleachers, stood, grandstand, standing, stop, covered stand, standpoint, stall, sales booth, reviewing stand, rack

star: (n, v) asterisk; (n) ace, luminary, personality, headliner, leading, lead, idol, asterism; (adj, n) principal, champion. ANTONYMS: (n) nonentity, failure, villain; (adj) insignificant, lousy

starkly: (adv) severely, completely, austerely, entirely, bleakly, plainly, barely, utterly, harshly, absolutely, merely. ANTONYMS: (adv) dimly, covertly, gently

state: (n) nation, position, kingdom, status, country; (n, v) say, show, place; (adj) national; (v) express, expound. ANTONYMS: (adj) private; (n) monarchy; (v) conceal, refute

statesman: (n) politician, diplomat, politico, Cicero, bacon, solon, national leader, strategist, minister, schemer, Julian

stay: (adj, n, v) remain; (n, v) rest, prop, stop, delay, abide, continue, pause, endure, halt, support. ANTONYMS: (v) change, abscond, depart, move, disappear, become, go

staying: (n) stays, arrest; (adj) continual, old, left

stays: (n) bodice, stay, girdle, panty girdle, stayed, staying, foundation, corselette, sash, slip, corselet

stead: (n) behalf, room, lieu, spot, location, station, space, seat, position, office, locality

steal: (v) purloin, abstract, sneak, filch, pinch, creep, misappropriate, rob, pilfer; (n) bargain; (n, v) snatch

stealth: (n) stealing, furtiveness, stealthiness, slyness, larceny, thievery, theft, sneakiness, secretiveness, hiding; (adj) undercover. ANTONYM: (n) openness

steeled: (adj) hardened stern: (adj) rigid, rigorous, austere,

hard, strict, grim, solemn, rough; (adj, v) harsh; (n) back; (adj, n) rear. ANTONYMS: (adj) friendly, approving, lenient, funny, genial,

gentle, kindly, lax, liberal, cheerful, flexible

stew: (n, v) fret, hash; (v) simmer, cook, braise, seethe; (adj, n) brothel, sweat; (adj, v) pother; (n) ragout, mess

stick: (adj, v) adhere, cohere; (n, v) stab, paste, staff; (v) cling, attach, fix, bind, affix; (n) bar. ANTONYMS: (v) detach, open, undo

sticks: (n) backwoods, firewood, frontier, outskirts, suburb, town, wilderness, brushwood, high sticks; (adj) distant

stifle: (v) smother, suffocate, repress, dampen, muffle, extinguish, strangle, quell, hush up, asphyxiate, check. ANTONYMS: (v) express, arouse, stimulate, light, exacerbate, show

stings: (adj) stung stink: (adj, n, v) stench; (n, v) smell,

odor; (n) malodour, fetor, malodor, niff, odour, foetor; (v) fume, Pong

stinkingly: (adv) stinking, loathsomely, odorously, disgustingly, rottenly, stinkily, putridly, fetidly, foully, sickeningly, nastily

stir: (adj, n, v) move, bustle; (v) rouse, arouse, affect, agitate, inspire; (adj, n) movement; (n) commotion, excitement, disturbance. ANTONYMS: (v) dampen, retire, stultify, bore, steady, stifle, suppress; (n) quiet, peace; (n, v) calm

stolen: (adj) stealed, stole, stealing, steal, steals, furtive, stealthy, secret, taken, misbegotten, sly

stone: (n) jewel, rock, pebble, gem, calculus, gemstone, kernel, concretion; (n, v) pit; (v) lapidate, pelt

stones: (n) shingle, grit stoop: (v) crouch, bend, deign,

condescend, descend, squat, couch, cringe, lean, lower oneself; (n) porch. ANTONYM: (v) straighten

stop: (int, n, v) hold, stand; (adj, n, v) stay, cease; (n, v) check, end, close, block, bar, arrest; (v) obstruct. ANTONYMS: (n, v) continue; (v) begin, encourage, permit, prolong, persevere, expedite, accelerate; (n) continuation, proceed, go

story: (n, v) history, tale, narrative; (n) recital, narration, report, account, level, legend, novel, stage. ANTONYM: (n) fact

straight: (adj) erect, honest, upright, even, fair, perpendicular, correct;

(adj, adv, v) direct; (adj, adv, n) right; (adj, adv) level, flat. ANTONYMS: (adj) diluted, zigzag, winding, curly, curved, curvy, twisted, wavy, knotted, askew; (adv) indirectly

strait: (adj) narrow; (n) pinch, pass, inlet, need, channel, crisis, poverty, difficulty; (adj, n) quandary; (n, v) dilemma

strange: (adj) foreign, peculiar, unusual, abnormal, outlandish, irregular, odd, new, mysterious, extraordinary, curious. ANTONYMS: (adj) ordinary, normal, familiar, typical, usual, conventional, explicable, sensible, mainstream, known, human

strangely: (adv) curiously, queerly, unusually, funnily, peculiarly, weirdly, marvelously, uncommonly, extraordinarily, singularly, bizarrely. ANTONYMS: (adv) typically, ordinarily, harmoniously

strangeness: (n) oddity, oddness, quaintness, peculiarity, curiousness, abnormality, weirdness, foreignness, queerness, singularity, quirk. ANTONYMS: (n) familiarity, nativeness

straw: (n) rush, stalk, drinking straw, chaff, fig, bran; (adj) feather, cobweb, mote, gossamer; (v) strew

stream: (adj, n, prep, v) current, course; (n, prep, v) flood; (n, v) brook, run, crowd, jet, gush; (n) river; (v) pour, swarm. ANTONYMS: (n) shortage; (v) drizzle

street: (n) road, avenue, way, highway, route, lane, neighborhood, path, track, boulevard, Main Street

strength: (n, v) power; (n) energy, firmness, endurance, stability, potency, health, soundness; (adj, n, v) might; (adj, n) vigor, intensity. ANTONYMS: (n) frailty, shortcoming, flaw, faintness, powerlessness, moderation, limitation, instability, impotence, feebleness, disadvantage

stretch: (adj, n, v) strain; (adj, v) extend, elongate, lengthen; (n) extent, expanse; (v) prolong, draw; (n, v) run, spread, range. ANTONYMS: (v) shorten, shrink, withdraw, narrow, relax; (adj) inflexible

strict: (adj) severe, stern, rigid, correct, austere, rigorous, harsh, scrupulous; (adj, v) exact, accurate, precise. ANTONYMS: (adj) lenient,


lax, free, negligent, imprecise, flexible, relaxed, loose, gentle, inaccurate, liberal

stricture: (n) censure, animadversion, reflection, stenosis, restriction, constriction, comment, blame, coarctation, limitation, diatribe

strike: (n, v) hit, beat, bang, knock, assault, slap, clap, rap, smash; (v) impress, move. ANTONYMS: (n) defense; (v) extinguish, defend

striking: (adj) outstanding, dramatic, spectacular, salient, imposing, conspicuous, vivid, remarkable, notable, astonishing; (n) strike. ANTONYMS: (adj) ugly, ordinary, unimpressive, unremarkable, inconspicuous, unattractive, uninteresting, plain, insignificant, humble, obscure

strip: (v) deprive, despoil, peel, rifle, plunder, divest, denude, ransack, pillage; (n) band, slip. ANTONYMS: (v) decorate, cover, add

stroke: (adj, n) blow; (n, v) touch, caress, mark, buffet, lick, pat; (n) beat, hit, knock, bang

strokes: (n) approval, reward, recognition, prize, acclaim, credit, brownie points

strong: (adj) intense, able, firm, stable, steady, solid, hard, lusty; (adj, v) deep, sound; (adj, n, v) steadfast. ANTONYMS: (adj) weak, pale, unconvincing, slight, feeble, frail, bland, faint, delicate, mild, lightweight

stronger: (adj) reprobate, insensible, reproof, iniquity, hardening, shameless, graceless, immoralities, ministry; (v) Milman, misery

stubborn: (adj) contrary, hard, intractable, perverse, rigid, determined, persistent, refractory, tenacious, obdurate, inveterate. ANTONYMS: (adj) compliant, irresolute, flexible, amenable, docile, easygoing, malleable, agreeable, accommodating, cooperative, feeble

stuck: (adj) stranded, jammed, delayed, fast; (adj, adv) aground; (n) stuck ware, thrust, sticking; (v) sticked, fasten, attach. ANTONYMS: (adj) unstuck, loose

study: (n, v) examine, review, survey, research; (v) learn, check, contemplate, ponder, inquire; (n) consideration, learning. ANTONYMS: (n) neglect; (v) skim

stuff: (v) fill, jam, pack, ram, squeeze, pad; (n) material, cloth, matter, gear; (n, v) force. ANTONYMS: (v) starve,

unpack, empty subject: (n) matter, citizen, motif,

question, issue, affair, point, national; (adj, v) exposed; (adj, n) dependent, inferior. ANTONYMS: (n) foreigner, resolution; (adj) impervious

subscribe: (v) confirm, sign, contribute, ratify, subscribe to, underwrite, agree, buy, donate, endorse, accept

substantial: (adj) actual, firm, real, strong, palpable, significant, considerable, important, essential, sturdy, momentous. ANTONYMS: (adj) insubstantial, small, fine, worthless, ethereal, marginal, abstract, unimportant, waiflike, intangible, incorporeal

substitute: (n) deputy, backup, delegate; (n, v) alternate, shift, surrogate; (adj, n) alternative, makeshift; (v) change, replace, fill in

suburbs: (adj, n) environs; (n) outskirts, periphery, outer reaches, outer edge, fringes, entourage, borderland; (adj) purlieus, alentours, neighborhood

succeed: (v) follow, arrive, prosper, prevail, manage, supplant, ensue, supersede, do, achieve, flourish. ANTONYMS: (v) fail, precede, lose, botch, restore, neglect, Miss, deteriorate

success: (n) conquest, prosperity, achievement, hit, passing, victory, effectiveness, accomplishment, triumph, coup, achiever. ANTONYMS: (n) flop, disappointment, prevention, debacle, defeat, fruitlessness, poverty, dissatisfaction, inefficiency, criticism

successive: (adj) consecutive, sequential, serial, following, succeeding, subsequent, sequent, consequent, ensuing, continuous, next. ANTONYM: (adj) preceding

sudden: (adj) precipitous, quick, abrupt, hasty, rash, unexpected, steep, unforeseen, drastic, immediate, swift. ANTONYMS: (adj) considered, slow, gentle, leisurely, protracted, sensible, smooth

sufferance: (n) allowance, patience, permission, forbearance, leave, toleration, suffering, resignation, acceptance; (n, v) tolerance; (adj, v) supportance

sufficiency: (n) enough, fill, ampleness, adequateness, fullness,

capacity, competence, satisfaction, affluence; (adj, n) plenty, abundance

sufficient: (adj) adequate, proper, commensurate, competent, good, acceptable, apt, ample, full; (adj, n) enough; (adv) quite. ANTONYMS: (adj) inadequate, insufficient, unacceptable, unsatisfactory, impossible, appalling

suit: (adj, v) fit, please; (adj, n, v) correspond; (n) lawsuit, plea, action, case; (v) adapt, accommodate, become; (n, v) answer. ANTONYM: (v) clash

suitor: (n) plaintiff, suer, admirer, beau, candidate, complainant, gallant, boyfriend, applicant, petitioner; (n, v) wooer

sulphurous: (adj) stifling, acerb, hot, sulphureous, infernal, brimstony, virulent, caustic, containing acid, sultry, burning hot

sunrise: (n) dawn, sunup, daybreak, daylight, aurora, first light, dayspring, twilight, dawning, break of day, crack of dawn. ANTONYMS: (n) sunset, sundown, nightfall

superficial: (adj) shallow, external, sketchy, slight, outward, frivolous, exterior, surface, apparent, outer, flimsy. ANTONYMS: (adj) innate, deep, real, profound, permanent, inner, weighty, authentic, genuine, intense, serious

superfluous: (adj, v) spare; (adj) needless, extra, excess, excessive, unnecessary, surplus, pointless, superabundant, supernumerary, supererogatory. ANTONYMS: (adj) indispensable, important, essential, basic, pertinent

supply: (n, v) furnish, stock, afford, store; (v) fill, feed, provide, offer, produce, satisfy; (n) purveyance. ANTONYMS: (v) requisition, recall, refuse, withhold, take, buy; (n) lack

supporters: (n) following, followers, the people, group, clique, public, constituency, constituency members, electorate, faction

suppose: (v) infer, guess, speculate, divine, presume, conjecture, reckon, imagine, estimate, consider, assume. ANTONYMS: (v) disbelieve, know, measure, despair, doubt, speculate

supposed: (adj) hypothetical, reputed, alleged, assumed, imaginary, putative, apparent, ostensible, suppositional, supposititious, suppositious. ANTONYM: (adj) actual

supposes: (adj) ridiculous, regulation,


project, preposterous, plainly, suggestion, notions, irrational, absurd, fatuity, foolish

sure: (adj) secure, reliable, safe, indisputable, dependable, assured, positive; (adj, v) steady, firm; (adv) certainly; (adj, adv) for certain. ANTONYMS: (adj) doubtful, uncertain, unsure, hesitant, humbled, dubious, indefinite, wavering, wobbly, unconvinced; (adv) doubtfully

surely: (adv) positively, definitely, confidently, securely, undoubtedly, clearly, firmly, assuredly, absolutely; (adj, adv) really; (adv, int) of course. ANTONYMS: (adv) questionably, uncertain, weakly

surfeit: (n) overabundance, excess, repletion, satiety, plethora, overflow, congestion; (v) cloy, gorge, satiate, pall. ANTONYMS: (n) shortage, need, necessity, deficit; (v) deplete

surfeiting: (adj) disgusting, voracious swallowed: (adj) engulfed, gulped,

inundated, overcome, overwhelmed, flooded, overpowered, enclosed

swear: (v) declare, assure, assert, affirm, curse, pledge; (n, v) promise, avow, depone, depose, aver. ANTONYMS: (v) distrust, refute, deny, compliment

sweat: (n, v) work, toil, struggle; (v) perspire, drudge, exude; (n) perspiration, lather, sudor, effort; (adj) perspiring. ANTONYMS: (v) ignore; (n) entertainment, ease, relaxation

sweet: (adj) fresh, mellow, lovable, dear, pleasant, musical, melodious, pleasing, sugary; (adj, v) lovely; (adj, n) beloved. ANTONYMS: (adj) discordant, bitter, acid, sharp, acidic, pungent, salty, harsh, detestable, cacophonous, dry

sweetly: (adv) pleasantly, sweet, mildly, melodically, melodiously, softly, syrupily, beautifully, pleasingly, dulcetly, fairly. ANTONYMS: (adv) discordantly, horribly, sharply, harshly, unkindly

sweetness: (n) sugariness, sweet, redolence, pleasantness, fragrance, aroma, charm, perfume, amenity, niceness, kindness. ANTONYMS: (n) sourness, sharpness, unpleasantness, harshness, tastelessness, unkindness

swelling: (n) protuberance, lump, swell, intumescence, growth,

projection, prominence, bulge, dropsy; (adj, v) inflated; (adj) growing. ANTONYM: (n) decline

swerve: (n, v) curve; (v) depart, stray, turn, wander, deflect, sheer, veer, diverge, shift, slew. ANTONYMS: (v) straighten, converge

swift: (adj, adv, v) fast; (adj) quick, fleet, speedy, alert, nimble, hasty, prompt, sudden, hurried; (adj, v) rapid. ANTONYMS: (adj) considered, leisurely, sluggish, gradual, delayed, clumsy

sword: (n) blade, sabre, brand, broadsword, falchion, cutlass, saber, steel, glaive, backsword, cutlas

sworn: (adj) extreme, mortal, implacable, engaged, dedicated, committed, betrothed, bespoken, affianced, inveterate

syllable: (n) antepenultimate, antepenult, penultima, penultimate, articulate, utter, linguistic unit, solfa syllable, speech sound, syllabe, language unit

table: (n) board, schedule, chart, stand, list, desk, plateau, platen; (v) defer, shelve, postpone. ANTONYMS: (v) decide, vote, withdraw

tainted: (adj, v) rotten, rancid, bad, musty, reasty, vitiated; (adj) rank, contaminated, faulty, putrid, dirty. ANTONYMS: (adj) unadulterated, unchanged, untarnished, clean

taken: (adj) occupied, full, interpreted, appropriated, seized, overcome, affected, besotted; (v) take, get, receive. ANTONYMS: (adj) given, free

tale: (n) account, narrative, narration, recital, fib, fable, report, fiction, lie, relation, yarn. ANTONYM: (n) fact

talk: (n, v) discourse, gossip, converse, lecture, chatter, chat, address; (v) articulate, speak, prattle; (n) language. ANTONYMS: (v) refuse; (n) silence

talks: (n) parley, discussion, dialogue, diplomacy, arbitration, mediation, conversation, discussions, conference, meeting, dialog

tame: (v) break, subdue, soften, domesticate; (adj) meek, docile, bland, domestic, gentle, slow; (adj, v) moderate. ANTONYMS: (adj) exciting, bright, unmanageable, interesting, untamed, inspiring, brilliant, colorful, rebellious, lively

taphouse: (n) public house, pub, pothouse, alehouse, saloon, gin mill,

tavern, ginmill, barroom, bar tapster: (n) barman, barkeeper,

tapper, barkeep, skinker, mixologist, phone tapper, publican

tarry: (v) linger, loiter, stay, remain, delay, lag, dally, dawdle, bide, rest; (adj) pitchy. ANTONYMS: (v) complete, finish

teach: (v) enlighten, educate, instruct, coach, indoctrinate, drill, learn, lecture, school; (adj, v) guide, show

tears: (n) cry, crying, snivel, brine, weeping, activity, bawling, bodily function, bodily process, body process, lacerations

tedious: (adj) tiresome, boring, dreary, slow, heavy, humdrum, irksome, lifeless; (adj, v) monotonous, arid, dry. ANTONYMS: (adj) exciting, varied, easy, readable, lively, entertaining, enthralling, brisk, concise, exotic, pleasant

teeming: (adj) abundant, profuse, swarming, crowded, overflowing, exuberant, copious, plentiful, productive, prolific, multitudinous. ANTONYMS: (adj) deserted, lacking, needing, wanting, clear, scarce, scanty

teeth: (v) mortar and pestle, gristmill, nutmeg grater, grater, file, arrastra, rasp, mill, unguis, tentacle; (n) gear teeth

tell: (n, v) disclose, impart, count; (v) relate, reveal, recount, divulge, explain, communicate; (adj, v) declare, express. ANTONYMS: (v) request, misunderstand, estimate, listen, figure, guess, withhold, conceal, suppress, confuse

telling: (adj, v) significant; (adj) revealing, emphatic, impressive, effectual, effective, pregnant, cogent; (n) relation, recounting, notice. ANTONYMS: (adj) secretive, unimportant, insignificant, hidden

temper: (adj, v) moderate, soften, mitigate, harden; (n) character, disposition, humor, nature; (v) modify, season, qualify. ANTONYMS: (n, v) upset; (v) soften, agitate, excite, flex, bend, increase; (n) composure, happiness, wrath, equanimity

temperance: (n) moderation, abstinence, abstemiousness, control, restraint, moderateness, soberness, forbearance, measure, gravity, asceticism. ANTONYMS: (n) intemperance, wildness

temporal: (adj) secular, earthly,


profane, lay, carnal, mortal, fleeting, temporary, transient, impermanent, mundane. ANTONYMS: (adj) spiritual, otherworldly, mental, permanent, perpetual, lasting

temporary: (adj) ephemeral, acting, momentary, fleeting, provisional, impermanent, transient, evanescent, transitory, brief; (adj, v) temporal. ANTONYMS: (adj) continuous, enduring, eternal, everlasting, sustained, continued, lasting

tempt: (adj, v) attract, allure; (v) entice, decoy, charm, inveigle, invite, coax, seduce, fascinate, attempt. ANTONYMS: (v) discourage, appall, repel

temptation: (n, v) lure, enticement, bait; (n) attraction, allurement, invitation, seduction, inducement, allure, appeal, pull. ANTONYMS: (n) dislike, discouragement

tempter: (n) seducer, human, soul, philanderer, person, mortal, individual, someone, somebody

tender: (n, v) offer, proffer, bid; (adj, v) affectionate; (adj) painful, sensitive, soft, loving, sore; (v) propose, present. ANTONYMS: (adj) hardhearted, rubbery, hard, rough, uncaring, healthy, mature, unfeeling, cold, experienced; (v) withdraw

tenderness: (n) fondness, soreness, love, affection, sympathy; (adj, n) clemency, mildness, compassion, gentleness, softness, delicacy. ANTONYMS: (n) pleasure, dryness, hatred, strength, detachment

tent: (n) awning, marquee, pavilion, canopy, collapsible shelter, tabernacle, attention, pack tent, parasol, pop tent; (n, v) camp

terms: (n) conditions, provision, stipulation, terminology, price, proposition, lemma, cost, footing, damage, specifications

terror: (n, v) alarm, scare; (adj, n) dread, awe; (n) fear, dismay, consternation, horror, panic, apprehension, scourge. ANTONYMS: (n) peace, security, delight, calm, confidence

test: (adj, n) trial; (v) prove, examine; (n, v) audition, sample, quiz, essay, assay, experiment, try; (n) examination. ANTONYM: (n) recess

tested: (adj) experienced, valid, tried and true, qualified, veteran, proven, proved, hardened, genuine, faithful, dependable. ANTONYM: (adj) inexperienced

testimony: (n, v) attestation, witness; (n) declaration, proof, evidence, testimonial, confirmation, statement, affidavit, affirmation, profession

thank: (v) give thanks, recognize, bless, thanks, give thanks to, convey, acknowledged, remercy, impart

thanks: (n) acknowledgment, gratitude, blessing, grace, praise, gratefulness, recognition, credit, benediction, thankfulness; (int) thank you. ANTONYMS: (n) criticism, blame

thanksgiving: (n) benediction, grace, acknowledgment, thanks, recognition, gratitude, prayer, saving grace, approval, gracility, grace of God

themselves: (pron) myself, itself, yourself; (n) yourselves

thence: (adv) therefore, thus, therefrom, thereof, consequently, then, so, thereafter, thenceforth, since, on account of

thereby: (adv) whereby, hereby therefore: (adv) thence, so, hence,

accordingly, as a result, thus, for that reason; (conj) since, because, then, ergo

therein: (adv) in this, in there thief: (n) burglar, bandit, pirate,

plunderer, filcher, stealer, pickpocket, pilferer, crook, brigand, despoiler

thing: (n) affair, occurrence, object, event, concern, something, article, happening, substance, occasion, being

things: (n) gear, belongings, equipment, garb, garment, clothes, paraphernalia, goods, life, property, palliament

thinking: (n) consideration, idea, opinion, reasoning, intellection, cogitation, conception, contemplation; (adj) intelligent, thoughtful, meditative

thirsty: (adj) eager, arid, parched, avid, keen, athirst, greedy, absorbent, ambitious; (v) craving, hungry. ANTONYMS: (adj) quenched, satisfied, disinterested, wet

thither: (adv) hither, whither, on that point, in that respect, at that place, in that location; (adj) further, ulterior, remoter, succeeding, more distant

thomas: (n) Aquinas, Dylan Thomas, Lowell Thomas, doubting Thomas, Norman Thomas, Saint Thomas,

saint Thomas Aquinas, St Thomas, St Thomas Aquinas, Thomas the doubting apostle, Lowell Jackson Thomas

thou: (n) chiliad, grand, m, g, one thousand, gramme, gram, gm, gigabyte, Gb, curtilage

though: (adj, conj) however; (conj) still, notwithstanding, nevertheless, albeit, whereas, while; (adv) even, after all, tho'; (adv, conj) tho

thought: (n) idea, impression, conception, belief, concept; (adj, n) opinion, feeling, sentiment; (n, v) consideration, reflection, observation. ANTONYMS: (n) thing, vacuity, vacancy, concrete, thoughtlessness, inattention, impulsiveness, certainty, neglect, trust

thoughts: (n) mind, opinion, depth of thought, feelings, reflection, ideas, workings of the mind, view, stance, position, considered opinion

thousand: (adj, n) one thousand, k, m; (n) grand, g, thou, cat Valium, constant of gravitation, grounds, curtilage; (adj) a thousand

thrifty: (adj) careful, economical, provident, sparing, prudent, stingy, saving, spare, parsimonious, chary, scotch. ANTONYMS: (adj) wasteful, spendthrift, profligate, extravagant, generous

thrilling: (adj, n) electric; (adj) exciting, sensational, exhilarating, electrifying, emotional, rousing, gripping, stimulating; (adj, v) impressive; (n, v) swelling. ANTONYMS: (adj) boring, depressing, discouraging, upsetting, uninspiring

throat: (n) orifice, pharynx, gorge, mouth, muzzle, nozzle, sucker, shaft, quarl, throat depth, nostril

throughly: (adv) completely, thoroughly, nonstoply, directly, overly, readily, endedly, completedly, straightly, perfectly, forward

throw: (n, v) cast, pitch, push; (v) shed, hurl, heave, chuck, flip, pass, hurtle; (n) shot. ANTONYMS: (v) explain, help, receive, clarify, encourage

thunder: (adj, n, v) boom; (n, v) roar, bang, roll, bellow; (adj, n) peal; (adj, v) explode, detonate; (v) howl, rumble, fulminate

thus: (adv) then, so, consequently, hence, thence, accordingly, as a result, ergo, thusly, for that reason,


as tickle: (v) titillate, indulge, thrill,

prickle, please, tingle, humor, flatter, vellicate, divert; (n) titillation

till: (conj, prep) until, unto; (v) plow, hoe, farm, dig; (adj) up to; (n) tiller, drawer; (adv) so far; (prep) to

tilth: (n) cultivated land, tillage, land, fallow, tilled land, culture, ground, plowland, soil, farmland, status

times: (n) present time, modern times, contemporary world, multiplication, time, period, era, many years duration, epoch, present, arithmetic operation

title: (n, v) call, style, designation, term, designate; (adj, n) claim, right; (n) caption, denomination, appellation, epithet. ANTONYM: (n) possession

together: (adv) in concert, conjointly, at the same time, at once, simultaneously, mutually, in unison, all together, at the same moment; (adj) united, stable. ANTONYMS: (adv) separately, individually, independently, apart, alone; (adj) separate, upset, unstable, separated, imbalanced, scatterbrained

token: (n) memento, souvenir, note, keepsake, sign, relic, stamp, signal, indication; (adj) nominal; (n, v) trace. ANTONYM: (adj) great

told: (v) related, narrated; (adj) numbered, oral, spoken, legendary, verbal, manifest

tongue: (n) lingua, speech, idiom, dialect, clapper, glossa, natural language, striker, talk; (v) lick; (adj) flowing

took: (adj) taken; (v) receive tooth: (n) palate, denticle, trident,

sprocket, saw, premolar, nap, incisor, grain, eyetooth; (adj) nib

touch: (v) hit, affect, border, adjoin, strike, reach; (n, v) contact, stroke, tinge, regard, tap. ANTONYMS: (v) shrink, secrete, separate, diverge, abstain, leave; (n) lot

touched: (adj) insane, cracked, tinged, not right, daft, crazy, nutty; (v) compassionate, sympathetic, pitiful, mucid. ANTONYMS: (adj) untouched, sane, unemotional, unmoved, well

toward: (prep) to, towards, approaching, headed for, just before, of, in the direction of; (adv, prep) on; (adv) about, around, by. ANTONYMS: (prep) from, away

town: (adj) municipal, urban; (n) borough, township, village, burgh,

burg, municipality, townspeople, metropolis; (adj, n) community. ANTONYMS: (adj) country, private

trade: (n, v) deal, exchange, swap, merchandise, switch, barter, change; (adj, n) business; (n) commerce, profession, occupation. ANTONYMS: (n) purchase, entertainment, fun, pastime; (v) buy, wholesale

transgression: (n) fault, crime, misdeed, error, infraction, offense, violation, misconduct, breach, trespass, infringement. ANTONYMS: (n) piety, obedience

transport: (v) transmit, carry, enrapture, bear, exile, take, banish, ravish; (n, v) delight; (n) rapture, transportation. ANTONYMS: (v) disenchant, hold, repulse, keep, leave; (n) idle, dislike, boredom, stay, indifference, misery

traveller: (n) passenger, tourist, wanderer, voyager, wayfarer, mover, itinerant, courier, entrant, swimmer, outlander

tread: (n, v) pace, walk, rate, march, tramp; (n) gait, stride, footstep, footfall, track; (v) trample

treasonable: (adj) disloyal, treacherous, traitorous, unfaithful, false, insidious, perfidious, faithless, rebellious, subversive, constituting treason

treble: (adj) threefold, ternary, triplex, thribble, double, dual, high, voce di testa, shrill; (adj, v) triple; (v) sing

trial: (n) test, examination, experiment, hardship, essay, hearing, audition, attempt; (n, v) affliction, adversity; (adj, n) distress. ANTONYMS: (n) peace, performance, happiness, ease, opportunity; (adj) known, definite, proven

trick: (n, v) deceive, cheat, fraud, deceit, joke, sham, con; (n) prank, deception, device; (v) mislead. ANTONYMS: (n) frankness, honesty, misunderstanding, seriousness, truthfulness; (adj) real, genuine, innocent

tricks: (n) actions, behavior, thing, clowning around, fooling, magic, plunder, possession, activities

triumph: (v) exult, prevail, crow, rejoice, succeed; (n, v) glory, win, joy; (n) victory, conquest, exultation. ANTONYMS: (n) failure, defeat, sorrow, unhappiness, dud, sadness, loss, flop; (v) fail, lose, forfeit

troth: (n) faith, engagement, betrothal, plight, vow, loyalty, espousal, fidelity, truth, verity, veracity

true: (adj, n) genuine, authentic; (adj) right, faithful, even, correct, accurate, honest, straight, truthful; (adj, v) actual. ANTONYMS: (adj) inaccurate, untrue, bogus, untrustworthy, unrealistic, mythical, fraudulent, faithless, disloyal; (adv) wrongly, dishonestly

truly: (adj, adv) really; (adv) sincerely, in truth, exactly, in fact, indeed, in reality, genuinely, right, certainly, honestly. ANTONYMS: (adv) insincerely, dubiously, doubtfully, apparently, inaccurately, indefinite, dishonestly, mildly, wrongly

trumpets: (n) Sarracenia flava, yellow pitcher plant, pitcher plant, yellow trumpet

truncheon: (n) stick, cudgel, Billy, nightstick, baton, mace, bludgeon, staff, bat, switch, billystick

trunk: (n) stem, boot, torso, bole, body, stalk, snout, proboscis, stock, tree trunk, box

trust: (n, v) credit, rely, hope; (n) confidence, faith, reliance, belief, cartel, assurance; (v) believe, confide. ANTONYMS: (n, v) distrust, doubt, mistrust; (v) disbelieve, keep, hold, despair; (n) disbelief, suspicion, independence

trusty: (adj) trustworthy, honest, faithful, dependable, responsible, constant, loyal, true, authentic, solid, sure. ANTONYMS: (adj) untrustworthy, inconstant, corrupt, disloyal

truth: (n) exactness, actuality, sincerity, verity, fidelity, fact, correctness, genuineness, faithfulness, certainty, honesty. ANTONYMS: (n) dishonesty, fabrication, falsehood, fiction, lie, inaccuracy, idealism, falsity, disloyalty, fallacy, invention

tuesday: (n) Tues tune: (n) song, strain, air, harmony,

note, concord; (v) adjust, regulate, string, tune up; (n, v) chant. ANTONYMS: (n) silence; (v) untune

turn: (n, v) curve, roll, twist, go, coil, round, change, bent, spin; (n) bout; (v) revolve. ANTONYMS: (n) failure, Miss, stagnation; (v) unbend

twain: (n) pair, brace, dyad, deuce, twosome, duo, straddle, bitstock, coupling, braces, yoke


twelve: (adj, n) dozen, XII; (n) boxcars, large integer

twenty: (adj) vigesimal; (n) large integer, twenty dollar bill

twice: (adv) doubly, bis, two times, in two ways, once more; (adj) twenty

twigs: (n) sprays tyranny: (adj, n) dictatorship,

autocracy; (n) absolutism, despotism, oppression, cruelty, monocracy, totalitarianism, authoritarianism, autarchy, Caesarism. ANTONYMS: (n) democracy, liberty

tyrant: (n) dictator, oppressor, autocrat, disciplinarian, bully, authoritarian, sovereign, czar, monarch, suzerain, stickler

unable: (adj) incapable, ineffective, incompetent, impotent, helpless, ineffectual, inefficient, inadequate, unqualified, unfit, not able. ANTONYMS: (adj) able, capable, competent, eligible, powerful

uncleanliness: (n) peasanthood, trait, messiness. ANTONYM: (n) cleanliness

under: (adj) lower, down, nether, bottom, inferior, low, subject; (adv, prep) beneath, underneath; (adv) downstairs, infra. ANTONYMS: (adv, prep) over, above; (adv) primary, higher, major

undergo: (v) experience, encounter, sustain, have, endure, bear, tolerate, go through, take, feel, know. ANTONYMS: (v) commit, do, execute

understand: (v) interpret, hear, see, catch, learn, translate, grasp, construe, gather; (adj, v) realize, take. ANTONYMS: (v) misinterpret, misconstrue, misunderstand, disbelieve, mistake, reject, deny, Miss

understanding: (n, v) intellect, reason, intelligence, appreciation, sense, apprehension, discernment, judgment; (n) comprehension, sympathy, deal. ANTONYMS: (n) bewilderment, disbelief, misinterpretation, misunderstanding, mistake, indifference, incomprehension, foolishness, emotion; (adj) intolerant, unfeeling

undertaking: (n) promise, attempt, project, venture, adventure, endeavor, job, effort; (n, v) task, labor, business

undoubtful: (adj) self-confident, secure, certain

uneven: (adj) unequal, irregular, patchy, spotty, erratic, disproportionate; (adj, n) jagged, rugged, harsh, ragged; (adj, v) broken. ANTONYMS: (adj) smooth, straight, equal, symmetrical, corresponding, balanced, constant, stable, consistent, level, steady

unfold: (v) spread, open, extend, develop, stretch, spread out, reveal, display, stretch out; (adj, v) expound, explain. ANTONYMS: (v) fold, block, stagnate, stop, hide, withhold, check, wrap, conceal

unfolding: (n) development, growth, flowering, display, recitation, dawn, process, solution, disclosure; (adj) ongoing, duration

unhappy: (adj) gloomy, dismal, depressed, melancholy, sad, miserable, sorrowful, distressed, disconsolate, infelicitous, low. ANTONYMS: (adj) happy, cheerful, satisfied, pleased, glad, euphoric, fortunate, contented, joyful, timely, lucky

unjust: (adj) partial, injurious, wrong, inequitable, unrighteous, wicked, foul, wrongful, improper, unmerited, unjustified. ANTONYMS: (adj) just, equitable, rightful, reasonable, good

unkindness: (n) heartlessness, callousness, thoughtlessness, inconsideration, inconsiderateness, diskindness, insensitivity, unpleasantness, unfriendliness, unkindliness, insensitiveness. ANTONYMS: (n) goodwill, diplomacy, gentleness, humanity, thoughtfulness

unknown: (adj, n) secret, alien; (adj) hidden, unfamiliar, unidentified, obscure, nameless, foreign, anonymous; (n) stranger, foreigner. ANTONYMS: (adj) familiar, recognized, famous, documented, identified, transparent; (n) native

unlawful: (adj) illegal, illegitimate, illicit, lawless, wrongful, prohibited, improper, unauthorized, criminal, outlaw, irregular. ANTONYMS: (adj) legal, legitimate, authorized, honest, rightful

unlawfully: (adv) illegitimately, illicitly, lawlessly, dishonestly, wrongfully, forbiddenly, criminally, irregularly, crookedly, improperly, immorally. ANTONYMS: (adv) fairly, legitimately, honestly, lawfully, rightly

unless: (adv) but, if, yet, besides,

except with, further; (adv, conj) save; (conj) without, if not; (n) provisionally; (adj) not necessary

unlike: (adj) dissimilar, different, diverse, unequal, disparate, distinct, separate, unalike, opposite, heterogeneous, not similar. ANTONYMS: (adj) like, alike, same

unloose: (v) loosen, clear, liberate, loose, undo, unchain, free, extricate, disengage, unloosen, unbind

unmask: (v) uncloak, expose, reveal, debunk, uncover, unfold, unkennel, detect, disclose, unseal, bare. ANTONYMS: (v) mask, conceal

unmeet: (adj) unbefitting, inappropriate, inapt, unbecoming, unseemly, unsuitable

unpeople: (v) depopulate unpitied: (v) unlamented,

unbewailed unprofitable: (adj) profitless,

fruitless, futile, inutile, disadvantageous, unfruitful, barren, idle, vain, uneconomic, unproductive. ANTONYMS: (adj) fruitful, lucrative

unruly: (adj) boisterous, insubordinate, disobedient, intractable, headstrong, uncontrollable, wayward, rambunctious, ungovernable, lawless, rebellious. ANTONYMS: (adj) manageable, obedient, yielding, biddable, compliant, loyal, gentle, peaceful, placid, restrained

untainted: (adj) unsullied, unstained, unspotted, innocent, unsoiled, unblemished, untarnished, stainless; (n) unmarred, unscathed, uninjured. ANTONYMS: (adj) tainted, impure

untaught: (adj) illiterate, ignorant, unschooled, uninformed, untutored, uninstructed, uncultivated, unlicked, unnurtured, unhatched, unfledged. ANTONYMS: (adj) trained, educated, literate, economical

until: (prep, v) to; (conj, prep) unto; (adj) up to; (adv) so far, yet, before, meanwhile; (prep) pending, while, during, awaiting

unusual: (adj) peculiar, odd, uncommon, quaint, exotic, eccentric, remarkable, curious, irregular, special, exceptional. ANTONYMS: (adj) normal, common, customary, typical, ordinary, familiar, routine, conventional, orthodox, inconspicuous, commonplace

unwonted: (adj) unaccustomed, rare, unusual, unused, infrequent,


uncustomary, singular, extraordinary, scarce, unaccountable, remarkable

upon: (adv, prep) above; (prep) up, onto, against, towards; (adv) on, on that occasion, then, before, by; (n) at

urine: (n) piss, pee, water, piddle, weewee, pissing, lanterloo, excreta, excretion; (v) urinate, Sig

used: (adj) exploited, old, accustomed, worn, spent, victimized, wont, tried, decrepit, second hand, exhausted. ANTONYMS: (adj) new, unused, spanking, misused

using: (n) colonialism, employment, enjoyment, victimisation, mistreatment, victimization, development; (adv) through, via, by; (adj) usant

usurp: (v) arrogate, seize, appropriate, take over, commandeer, capture, borrow, confiscate, take, grab; (adj) violate. ANTONYMS: (v) surrender, relinquish

utmost: (adj, n) maximum, extreme, uttermost, furthermost, best, highest; (adj, adv) farthest; (adj, v) supreme; (adj) last, furthest; (adj, n, v) greatest. ANTONYMS: (adj) moderate, worst

utter: (v) say, state, speak, breathe, articulate, deliver, voice, pronounce; (adj, n, v) express, declare; (adj, v) tell. ANTONYMS: (adj) qualified, incomplete, uncertain, rather, slight; (v) conceal, hide, block

vail: (n) vale; (v) bounty, help, Easter offering, oblation, Christmas box, alms, dole, donative, largess, Peter Pence

vain: (adj) proud, arrogant, conceited, fruitless, idle, empty, abortive, ineffectual, unproductive, narcissistic; (adj, v) useless. ANTONYMS: (adj) shy, successful, possible, persuasive, selfless, fruitful, humble, useful, responsible, worthwhile, effective

valiant: (adj) brave, courageous, intrepid, fearless, heroic, audacious, gallant, daring, dauntless, stout, stalwart. ANTONYMS: (adj) afraid, despicable

value: (adj, n, v) price; (n) cost, importance, consequence; (n, v) rate, appraise, measure; (v) appreciate, evaluate, esteem, assess. ANTONYMS: (n) disadvantage, futility, uselessness, insignificance, detriment, inefficiency, inferiority;

(v) scorn, disregard, disrespect, hate values: (n) way of life, viewpoint,

principles, attitude, moral code, main beliefs, idea, thinking, belief

vanity: (n) egotism, pride, emptiness, arrogance, futility, inanity, vainglory, conceitedness, pretension, pomposity; (adj, n) amour propre. ANTONYMS: (n) selflessness, humility, importance, value, effectiveness

vantage: (n) superiority, preference, start, handicap, expediency, expedience, advantageousness, odds, asset, tax advantage, head start. ANTONYM: (n) disadvantage

vaporous: (adj) hazy, foggy, vaporific, ethereal, cloudy, vaporish, steamy, airy, unsubstantial, evaporable, cobwebby

varlet: (n) rascal, knave, page, attendant, scoundrel, mean wretch, cullion, scalawag, scallywag, rapscallion, scamp

vassal: (n) feudatory, liegeman, liege, serf, helot, dependent, subject, liege subject, follower, bondman, homager

vein: (n) vena, strain, nervure, mine, temper, blood vessel, tone; (adj, n) mood, humor, strip, frame of mind

velvet: (adj) velvety, down; (n) profit, gain, velour, velours, revenue, prosperity, receipts, satin, wealth

vessel: (n) ship, pot, jar, duct, vas, boat, craft, container, bowl, barrel, canal

vice: (adj, n) imperfection, defect, blemish, failing, frailty; (n) corruption, sin, evil, immorality, iniquity, depravity. ANTONYMS: (n) asset, strength, propriety, virtue, righteousness, goodness, good, honesty; (adj) chief

vienna: (n) Austrian capital view: (n, v) sight, scene, regard,

opinion, judgment, prospect, outlook, thought; (adj, v) observe, see; (n) idea. ANTONYMS: (v) disbelieve, mistrust

viewless: (adj) invisible vigour: (n) force, strength, vigor,

energy, power, potency, vim, vitality, athleticism, verve, intensity

vile: (adj, n) contemptible, dirty, low; (adj, v) base; (adj) despicable, ignoble, evil, sorry, revolting, offensive, nasty. ANTONYMS: (adj) attractive, kind, nice, lovely, lovable, gentle, honorable, good, delightful, admirable, noble

villain: (n) rascal, scoundrel, rogue,

knave, miscreant, criminal, bandit, crook, reprobate, varlet, rapscallion. ANTONYMS: (n) heroine, hero

villainous: (adj, v) base, infamous, vile, black, shameful; (adj) heinous, atrocious, depraved, wicked, evil, vicious

villainously: (adv) infamously, atrociously, wickedly, viciously, iniquitously, meanly, basely, vilely, corruptly, shamefully, blackly

vineyard: (n) vinery, grapery, field, farm

violence: (n) force, fury, fierceness, strength, vehemence, intensity, ferocity, impetuosity, might, outrage, power. ANTONYMS: (n) peacefulness, peace, passivity, nonviolence, friendliness, defense, indifference, orderliness, calmness, meekness

violent: (adj, n) rough, furious, tempestuous, severe, turbulent, boisterous, powerful; (adj, v) vehement; (adj) raging, intense, sharp. ANTONYMS: (adj) gentle, calm, nonviolent, mild, passive, moderate, pleasant, slight, refined, relaxed, friendly

violet: (adj, n) mauve, lavender; (adj) empurpled, lilac, purplish; (n) viola, purpleness, indigo, sweet violet, reddish blue, pansy

virgin: (adj) pure, new, chaste, innocent, fresh, untouched, intact, virginal; (adj, n) vestal; (n) maid, girl. ANTONYMS: (adj) defiled, sullied

virtue: (adj, n) merit, excellence, quality, attribute; (n) honor, goodness, honesty, morality, decency, probity, efficacy. ANTONYMS: (n) wickedness, guilt, vice, peccadillo, sin, dishonor, immorality, evil, demerit, inadequacy, disadvantage

virtues: (n) brawn, sinew, qualities, nerve, manner, habit, disposition, custom

virtuous: (adj) upright, pure, righteous, good, moral, just, honorable, honest, respectable, decent, pious. ANTONYMS: (adj) bad, sinful, corrupt, impure, unethical, decadent, degenerate, irreverent

visage: (n) face, look, mug, physiognomy, expression, kisser, appearance, aspect, brow, smiler, forehead

visit: (v) frequent, attend, call, view, gossip, jaw, inspect, haunt; (n, v)


tour, chat; (n) sojourn visitation: (v) visit, examination; (n)

tribulation, calamity, annoyance, misfortune, irritation, infliction, inspection, test, ordeal

voice: (n) speech, vox; (v) enunciate, pronounce, speak, say, vocalize, express, utter, articulate; (n, v) sound. ANTONYMS: (v) devoice, block

void: (adj, n) hollow, null, blank; (n) emptiness, vacancy; (adj, v) vacant; (v) nullify, quash, rescind; (adj) invalid, vacuous. ANTONYMS: (v) validate, sanction, permit, keep, allow; (adj) full, occupied, filled, meaningful, solid; (n) fullness

vouch: (v) guarantee, secure, promise, certify, attest, pledge, swear, testify, protest, confirm, affirm. ANTONYMS: (v) deny, disavow, refute

vulgarly: (adv) crudely, commonly, plebeianly, grossly, smuttily, uncouthly, boorishly, cheaply, rudely, vilely, tastelessly. ANTONYM: (adv) decently

waist: (n) waistline, shank, middle, belly, isthmus, hourglass, undersurface; (adj) stricture, middle constriction, neck, wasp

wait: (n, v) pause, hold, stop; (v) expect, anticipate, stay, await, lurk, ambush, remain; (adj, v) tarry. ANTONYMS: (n) act, continuation, doing; (v) interrupt, leave, begin, depart, continue; (intj) hurry

wake: (v) awaken, awake, rouse, stir, vigil, provoke, arouse, waken, excite; (n) train, trail. ANTONYMS: (v) nap, dissuade, discourage, snooze, stifle

walk: (adj, n, v) step; (n, v) gait, ramble, march, pace, hike, course, saunter, stroll, roam; (n) path. ANTONYMS: (v) run, ride, stride

want: (n, v) lack, desire, miss, wish; (n) poverty, deficiency, deprivation, famine, necessity, destitution, shortage. ANTONYMS: (n, v) hate; (n) glut, despise, luxury, option, prosperity, supply; (v) disinterest, answer

wanton: (adj) loose, dissolute, light, licentious, unchaste, lewd, debauched, unprovoked; (v) dally; (n, v) sport; (adj, v) flirt. ANTONYMS: (adj) moral, wise, nice, kind, gentle, decent, clean, careful, observant, justifiable, involuntary

wants: (n) need, necessities

ward: (n) charge, protection, custody, care, quarter, neighborhood, district, defense, keep; (adj, v) shelter; (v) protect

warm: (adj) hot, affectionate, tender, ardent, cordial, fervent, lively, fond, loving, earnest, tepid. ANTONYMS: (adj) cold, unfriendly, aloof, reserved, hostile, uncaring, unenthusiastic, unwelcoming, stale, offhand; (v) chill

warning: (n) notice, indication, caution, advice, example, lesson, hint, premonition, caveat, admonition; (adj, n) monitory. ANTONYMS: (n) encouragement, recommendation, approval; (adj) promising

warped: (adj, n) twisted; (adj) deformed, crooked, perverted, misshapen, kinky, curved, distorted, wry, partisan, superficial. ANTONYMS: (adj) wholesome, impartial

warrant: (n, v) permit, vouch, license, assure, sanction, empower; (n) authority, authorization, security; (v) justify, ensure. ANTONYMS: (n) break; (v) debar

warranted: (adj) legitimate, secured, bonded, legal, locked, mistaken, necessary; (v) privileged, sanctioned, allowed; (n) securer

wary: (adj) cautious, vigilant, careful, guarded, circumspect, suspicious, shy, alert, chary, attentive, leery. ANTONYMS: (adj) unwary, careless, trusting, reckless, heedless, foolish, unsuspecting, thoughtless, oblivious, forgetful, eager

washed: (adj) wash, cleaner, colored, refined, wet, watery

waste: (adj, n, v) spoil, damage; (adj, v) desolate; (n, v) squander, ruin, consume, ravage; (adj, n) refuse, trash; (v) exhaust, spend. ANTONYMS: (v) conserve, save, use, preserve, create, build; (n) saving, possessions, hoarding, development; (adj) cultivated

water: (n) urine, sea, lake, ocean, moisture, juice, river; (n, v) wet; (v) moisten, soak, dampen. ANTONYMS: (v) dehydrate, dry

waters: (n) Clara Erskine Clement, amnionic fluid, amniotic fluid, body fluid, liquid body substance, Ethel waters, body of water, bodily fluid, boot

ways: (n) behavior, process, shipway, slipway, means, childbearing, conduct, construction, demeanor,

direction, traveling weakness: (adj, n) failing, fault,

debility, defect, infirmity, fragility, feebleness, deficiency, imperfection, foible; (n) flaw. ANTONYMS: (n) power, dislike, intensity, supremacy, determination, advantage, brightness, superiority, resistance, robustness, energy

wear: (n) clothing, clothes, apparel, attire, garb; (v) endure, fatigue, waste, bear, tire, fray. ANTONYMS: (v) refresh, reject, rebuild, please, freshen, disrobe, delight, cheer, refuse; (n) improvement

weary: (adj, n, v) fatigue; (v) exhaust, tire out; (adj) tired, exhausted, fatigued, aweary, beat, languid; (n, v) jade, bore. ANTONYMS: (adj) energetic, fresh, lively, untiring, hopeful, refreshed; (v) refresh, enliven, energize, activate, rally

weed: (n) grass, marijuana, pot, plant, fireweed, smoke, ganja; (v) eliminate, hoe, plow; (adj) pick

weep: (v) wail, bawl, lament, sob, blubber, moan, howl, drip, greet, whimper; (n) tear

weigh: (v) press, study, measure, matter, consider, count, deliberate, contemplate, assess; (n, v) balance, poise. ANTONYMS: (v) ignore, neglect

welcome: (adj) pleasant, acceptable, pleasing, agreeable; (n, v) accept; (n) hospitality, reception; (v) receive, greet, invite, hail. ANTONYMS: (adj) unwelcome, unwanted, unacceptable, displeasing, disagreeable, unpleasant; (v) reject, evict, bar; (n) unfriendliness, goodbye

well-balanced: (adj) uniform, even, together, farsighted, trim

wench: (n) miss, damsel, strumpet, trollop, Trull, missy, quean, slut, nymph, dame; (n, v) drab

wend: (v) go, pass, repair, proceed, cruise; (n) walk, tread, step, pace, plod, march

went: (v) walked, proceeded western: (adj) occidental, Hesperian,

occasive, occiduous, ponent, westbound; (n) horse opera, western sandwich, western movie, country, cowboy picture

whatsoever: (adj) any, at all, possible; (pron) what, anything, no matter what, partly, somewhat, anything that, whatso

wheels: (n) vehicle, truck, car, brush, force


when: (adv, conj) once, as soon as; (adv) then, because, than, since, after; (conj) although, while, if; (prep) during

whence: (adv) wherefrom, hence, because, for, why, wherefore, how, then, then thence so, how comes it, how happens it

where: (adv) there, here, wherever, whither, in which, wherein, in what; (adv, pron) anywhere; (pron) everywhere; (n) point, spot

wherein: (adv) in what, in which, where

wheresoever: (adv) wherever, whithersoever, whereso, wheresoe'er

whether: (pron) where while: (adv, conj) whereas, as,

although; (n) time, spell, period, moment, interval; (adv) when; (conj) though; (prep) during

whiles: (n) while whilst: (conj) whereas, as, though,

albeit, at the same time as, even as; (prep) during; (adj) pending

whip: (n, v) lash, strap, goad; (v) flog, flagellate, beat, punish, thrash, trounce, stir, wallop. ANTONYMS: (v) lose, return

whipped: (v) whipt whipping: (n) flagellation, beating,

thrashing, licking, lashing, flogging, overcasting, debacle, slaughter, overlocking; (adj) snappy

whispering: (n) whisper, murmur, susurration, rustle, report, stage whisper; (adj, n) rustling; (adj) susurrant, tranquil, hoarse, susurrous

white: (adj, n) pale; (adj) clean, blank, snowy, ashen, wan, achromatic, pure, pallid; (v) whiten; (n) Caucasian. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) black; (adj) dark, rosy, red, dirty; (v) blacken

whole: (adj, v) entire; (adj, n) total, integral, sum, aggregate, well; (adj, adv, n) all; (adj) complete, healthy, intact, full. ANTONYMS: (adj) incomplete, broken, partial, imperfect, unhealthy, deficient, destroyed, fractional, impaired, half, sick

whore: (n) harlot, trollop, courtesan, tart, strumpet, hooker, streetwalker, cocotte, bawd, slattern, verticil

whoremaster: (n) John, lecher, Ponce, privy, procurer, Saint John, Saint John the Apostle, St John, toilet, pimp, St John the apostle

wicked: (adj) bad, sinful, atrocious,

evil, vile, depraved, mischievous, immoral, unholy, nasty, naughty. ANTONYMS: (adj) innocent, pure, pious, moral, kind, admirable, kindhearted, helpful, decent, assisting, aiding

widow: (n) woman, relict, widower, adult female, widow woman, war widow, nobbled line; (adj) widowed, additional; (v) leave behind

wife: (n) matron, missis, partner, married woman, spouse, consort, helpmate, housewife, lady, woman, viscountess

wild: (adj, n, v) waste, desert; (adj, v) fierce, violent, reckless, raging; (adj) boisterous, untamed, stormy, rude, desolate. ANTONYMS: (adj) calm, orderly, manageable, sane, domestic, cultivated, tame, restrained, mild, sensible, passive

willing: (adj, adv) disposed; (adj) spontaneous, voluntary, ready, amenable, inclined, prepared, enthusiastic, unforced, obliging; (adj, v) consenting. ANTONYMS: (adj) unwilling, reluctant, compulsory, disagreeable, unprepared, forced, unenthusiastic, unhelpful

willingly: (adv) readily, voluntarily, cheerfully, spontaneously, helpfully, disposedly, actively, openly, obligingly, eagerly; (adj, adv) freely. ANTONYMS: (adv) grudgingly, reluctantly, uncooperatively, unenthusiastically

wilt: (v) flag, shrivel, sag, weaken, fade, languish, dry, wither, collapse, tire; (n) wilting. ANTONYMS: (v) flourish, rise, rally

winter: (n) wintertime, season, time of year, hiems, frost, chill; (adj) wintery, wintry; (v) spend. ANTONYM: (n) heat

wisdom: (n) judiciousness, knowledge, sapience, sagacity, sense, prudence, discernment, insight, learning, depth, reasonableness. ANTONYMS: (n) stupidity, folly, inexperience, ignorance, flippancy, banality

wise: (adj) reasonable, sensible, sound, rational, sagacious, intelligent, prudent, shrewd, discreet; (adj, n) knowing; (n) method. ANTONYMS: (adj) unwise, stupid, ignorant, mistaken, illogical, reckless, naive, irrational, dense

wisely: (adv) judiciously, prudently, sagaciously, cleverly, discreetly,

shrewdly, smartly, learnedly, astutely, sharply, perspicaciously. ANTONYMS: (adv) stupidly, recklessly, imprudently, immaturely, illogically

wish: (adv, n, v) will; (n, v) want, hope, need, inclination, longing, aspiration, aim; (v) like, choose; (n) pleasure. ANTONYMS: (n, v) dislike, hate; (n) hatred, coercion, disinclination, aversion

wishes: (n) desires, requirements, requests, needs, will

wishing: (n) wish, want, velleity, option, need, privation, lack, deprivation, deficiency, choice; (adj) desirous

withal: (adv) nevertheless, notwithstanding, however, even so, all the same, nonetheless, with; (adj) likewise; (n) sufficiency, adequacy, enough

withdraw: (v) retire, remove, retract, retreat, abandon, pull out, disengage, draw, cancel, leave, recede. ANTONYMS: (v) propose, give, advance, extend, offer, deposit, remain, engage, allow, permit, stay

withdrawing: (adj) receding, outgoing, retiring, moving back, modest, lowly; (n) departure, privacy, seclusion, cancellation

within: (adv, n, prep) inside; (adv, prep) in; (adv) indoors, internally, inwardly, inly; (adj, n) interior; (prep) into, on, between; (adj) inwards. ANTONYMS: (prep) beyond, out

without: (adv, n, prep) outside; (adj, adv) except; (adj) lacking, save barring; (prep) out of, sans; (n) minus, provisionally; (adv) save, beyond; (adv, prep) besides. ANTONYMS: (prep) with, having; (adv) inside

witless: (adj, n) silly, brainless, foolish, stupid, unwise, simple; (adj) mindless, senseless, thoughtless, dull, nitwitted

witness: (n, v) testimony, attest, evidence; (n) bystander, eyewitness, onlooker, observer; (v) observe, notice, see, view. ANTONYMS: (v) deny, participate, refute

wits: (n) intellect, mind, wit, brains, common sense, presence, percipience, observation, mother wit, right mind, judgment

woeful: (adj) sad, lamentable, sorrowful, pitiful, wretched, pitiable, doleful, woebegone, deplorable, piteous, regrettable.


ANTONYMS: (adj) happy, joyful, glad, praiseworthy, laudable

woman: (n) girl, female, lady, dame, madam, mistress, matron, maid, gentlewoman, Donna, petticoat. ANTONYMS: (n) man, gentleman

women: (n) sex, gentle sex wonder: (adj, n) prodigy; (n)

astonishment, admiration, amazement, surprise, miracle, phenomenon, muse; (v) admire, reflect, question. ANTONYMS: (n) expectation, belief, disapproval; (v) know, believe, anticipate, decide

woodman: (n) woodcutter, cabinetmaker, carpenter, carver, lumberjack, forester, hunter, woodworker, woodcarver, rustic, lumberman

word: (n) news, tidings, password, expression, report, vocable, statement, term; (v) formulate, phrase; (n, v) advice

words: (n) speech, expression, row, text, fracas, argument; (n, v) altercation, squabble, tiff, dispute, quarrel

working: (adj) practical, active, busy, in action, in force; (n) operation, play, agency, movement; (adj, n) running, functioning. ANTONYMS: (adj) passive, unemployed, inoperative, inactive, idle, ineffective

world: (n) cosmos, nature, creation, earth, public, sphere, society, realm, globe, macrocosm; (adj) global

worldly: (adj, adv) earthly; (adj) mundane, secular, terrestrial, temporal, carnal, sophisticated, lay, profane; (adv) mundanely, temporally. ANTONYMS: (adj) spiritual, naive, cloistered, religious, unsophisticated, unworldly, unrefined, otherworldly, low, heavenly, immaterial

worm: (v) squirm, wriggle, twist, spiral, helix, writhe; (n) helminth, maggot; (adj) emmet, midge, fly

worn: (adj) haggard, tired, tattered, threadbare, ragged, drawn, jaded, fatigued, exhausted, faded, wasted. ANTONYMS: (adj) new, smart, unused, unworn, pristine, original

worse: (adj) worser, subordinate, waur, worsened, warre, unrelieved, minor, lesser, junior, poorer; (n) badness. ANTONYMS: (adj) improved, healthier, higher

worship: (n) adoration, veneration, adulation, cult, homage; (n, v) reverence, respect, honor, revere,

adore, glorify. ANTONYMS: (v) disrespect, dishonor, despise, deprecate, scorn; (n) disdain, disparagement, contempt, detestation

worst: (v) whip, trounce, defeat, overcome, vanquish, pip, rack up; (adj, v) best, rout; (adj) floor, lick. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) best; (adj) highest, first, secondary

worth: (adj, n) value, dignity; (n) cost, virtue, price, importance, excellence, quality, import, goodness, benefit. ANTONYMS: (n) insignificance, disadvantage, hopelessness, detriment, disgrace, inferiority, triviality, uselessness, inefficiency

worthy: (adj) noble, good, meritorious, valuable, estimable, respectable, deserving, worthwhile, virtuous, honorable; (adj, n) celebrity. ANTONYMS: (adj) bad, unrespected, disreputable, mediocre, petty, poor, unimpressive, insignificant, dishonorable, despicable; (n) nobody

wrecked: (adv, v) aground; (adj) destroyed, shipwrecked, ruined, disabled, doomed, falling apart, falling down; (v) grounded, swamped, cast away. ANTONYMS: (adj) whole, pristine

wretch: (n) victim, villain, scoundrel, reprobate, reptile, miscreant, martyr, object of compassion, poor devil, prey, wreak

wretched: (adj) unfortunate, pitiful, sad, pitiable, woeful, pathetic, piteous, lamentable; (adj, v) poor, unhappy, forlorn. ANTONYMS: (adj) fine, strong, fortunate, overjoyed, nice, admirable, good, cheery, joyous, lucky, comfortable

wring: (n, v) squeeze; (v) twist, wrench, wrest, torture, torment, distort, extract, twine, contort, rack

wrinkled: (adj, n) rough, rugged; (adj) puckered, creased, wrinkly, wizened, crumpled, lined, gnarled, unironed, crinkled. ANTONYMS: (adj) unwrinkled, ironed, straight

writ: (n) edict, assize, certiorari, judicial writ, injunction, order, act, prescription, scripture, writing, ukase

write: (v) pen, indite, draw up, correspond, spell, record, publish, compile, draw, outline, type

written: (adj) registered, clerical, conscript, enrolled, literal, hard-and-fast, on paper; (n) examination. ANTONYMS: (adj) verbal,

unscripted, unwritten wrong: (adj, n) evil, ill, injury,

injustice; (adj, n, v) damage, injure; (adj) improper, false, incorrect, bad, inappropriate. ANTONYMS: (adj) correct, good, proper, honest, appropriate, just, true; (adv) correctly; (n) justice, virtue; (v) sympathize

wronged: (adj) upset, hurt, indignant, offended

wrongfully: (adv) unjustly, injuriously, de jure, legally, lawfully, wrongly, mischievously, hurtfully, unlawfully, lawlessly, illegally

wrongs: (n) mala wrought: (adj) shaped, done, worked,

worked up, formed yare: (adj) quick, spry, lively yesternight: (n) last night yield: (n, v) produce, return, allow,

give; (v) surrender, concede, submit, give up, grant, cede; (n) output. ANTONYMS: (v) persevere, survive, stand, withstand, repel, reject, prevent, withhold, acquire, oppose, veto

yielding: (adj, v) flexible, pliable, supple, tractable, pliant; (adj) compliant, submissive, soft, obedient, docile; (n) submission. ANTONYMS: (adj) hard, firm, inflexible, solid, rigid, obstinate, stiff, stubborn, unyielding, rebellious

yonder: (adv) beyond, further, farther, abroad, thither, further away, at that place; (adj) distant, yond, furious, fierce

young: (n, v) offspring; (adj, n) juvenile; (adj) immature, fresh, adolescent, new, raw, baby, childish, early; (n) progeny. ANTONYMS: (adj) old, mature, adult, ripe, older, late; (adj, n) aged

yours: (adj) own yourself: (adv) herself, themselves,

itself, myself, ourselves, yourselves, physically

youth: (n) youngster, young person, lad, juvenile, boy, adolescence, kid, younker, stripling, juvenility; (adj, n) young. ANTONYMS: (n) adulthood, adult, ripeness, maturity, aged

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